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WO2024133288A1 - Dispositif et procédé de surveillance d'un système à entraînement électrique et système, en particulier éolienne, comprenant un tel dispositif - Google Patents

Dispositif et procédé de surveillance d'un système à entraînement électrique et système, en particulier éolienne, comprenant un tel dispositif Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024133288A1
WO2024133288A1 PCT/EP2023/086679 EP2023086679W WO2024133288A1 WO 2024133288 A1 WO2024133288 A1 WO 2024133288A1 EP 2023086679 W EP2023086679 W EP 2023086679W WO 2024133288 A1 WO2024133288 A1 WO 2024133288A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
arrangement
fault
communication device
designed
measured variable
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2023/086679
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Dr. Matthias STAMMLER
Arne Bartschat
Ewald Michael König
Original Assignee
Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. filed Critical Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V.
Publication of WO2024133288A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024133288A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D17/00—Monitoring or testing of wind motors, e.g. diagnostics
    • F03D17/009—Monitoring or testing of wind motors, e.g. diagnostics characterised by the purpose
    • F03D17/013—Monitoring or testing of wind motors, e.g. diagnostics characterised by the purpose for detecting abnormalities or damage
    • F03D17/014—Monitoring or testing of wind motors, e.g. diagnostics characterised by the purpose for detecting abnormalities or damage indicative of a fault or failure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D17/00—Monitoring or testing of wind motors, e.g. diagnostics
    • F03D17/009—Monitoring or testing of wind motors, e.g. diagnostics characterised by the purpose
    • F03D17/021—Monitoring or testing of wind motors, e.g. diagnostics characterised by the purpose for monitoring power or current
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D17/00—Monitoring or testing of wind motors, e.g. diagnostics
    • F03D17/027—Monitoring or testing of wind motors, e.g. diagnostics characterised by the component being monitored or tested
    • F03D17/029—Blade pitch or yaw drive systems, e.g. pitch or yaw angle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2260/00—Function
    • F05B2260/80—Diagnostics

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an arrangement and a method for monitoring an electrically driven system and a system with such an arrangement.
  • the system can be, for example, a wind turbine or a crane.
  • Wind turbines (or, in other words, wind power plants) are complex, decentralized technical systems that are susceptible to various disruptions.
  • Mechanical arrangements of movable components including their mechanical bearings are typical objects of fault monitoring.
  • the rotor blades of a wind turbine are often rotatably driven and mounted to enable a so-called pitch adjustment.
  • An electrically driven azimuth adjustment of the nacelle of a wind turbine is also known.
  • Mechanical bearings are used for storage, typically in the form of rolling bearings. If these rolling bearings are damaged, for example due to increasing wear during operation, the bearings may no longer rotate or the components connected to them may no longer be held securely in position. This can even result in the loss or falling of rotor blades.
  • wind turbines are usually monitored remotely. Remote monitoring is carried out centrally and based on coarsely resolved values, such as 10-minute averages of predetermined measured variables.
  • An object of the present invention is therefore to improve the accuracy of To improve fault monitoring and detection of systems with driven and, in particular, mechanically mounted components with limited technical effort.
  • the invention relates to an arrangement for fault detection (and/or monitoring) of a system, the system comprising an electric drive unit and a component driven thereby, the arrangement comprising:
  • At least one measuring device which is designed to detect at least one measured variable dependent on a drive current of the drive unit
  • At least one detection device designed to detect a fault based on the measured variable
  • At least one communication device which is designed to send a fault message as a result of the detection of a fault, in particular to a device external to the arrangement.
  • This arrangement enables low-effort installation and, in particular, retrofitting, or even just selective or punctual use to check for system faults.
  • it is not necessary to access internal data from a system control system to monitor or determine faults, if such access were even possible.
  • structural changes to the existing system can be minor and no significant intervention or change to existing system components may be necessary.
  • the arrangement can be installed, for example, during commissioning or subsequently (especially manually), and depending on the desired duration of use, can also be removed again with little effort and essentially without leaving a trace.
  • At least two of the measuring device, the detection device and the communication device can be structurally combined in a single unit or, in other words, integrated with one another. For example, they can be combined as a separate and/or independently manageable unit. Additionally or alternatively, they can be arranged together in a housing of this unit and/or structurally combined. Any remaining equipment from the measuring device, detection device and communication device, however, cannot be arranged in this same housing and/or can generally be provided structurally and/or spatially separately.
  • the communication device and the measuring device are structurally and/or spatially separate, with the measuring device being provided spatially within the system (in particular within a wind turbine) and the communication device being provided spatially outside the interior of the system, for example on an outer shell of a wind turbine.
  • the communication device can be permanently installed on the system, for example for a period of use of several days, months or years.
  • the communication device and the measuring device are part of a common, manageable and preferably mobile device. This enables, for example, temporary use of the arrangement without permanent installation in the system.
  • the system is a wind energy plant (or, in other words, a wind turbine or a wind power plant) or a crane.
  • the crane may be a crane for loads of several tens of tons or several hundred tons.
  • it may be a construction crane, a lattice boom crane or a loading bridge.
  • the electric drive unit can, for example, be configured to act as a component driving a rotor blade (of the wind turbine) for pitch adjustment or a nacelle (of the wind turbine) for azimuth adjustment.
  • the driven component can generally be mechanically mounted, in particular by means of at least one rolling bearing, e.g. in the form of a large rolling bearing.
  • the detection device can be implemented as software or hardware. It can, for example, comprise a processor or be executable by such a processor.
  • the processor can be set up to analyze values of the measured variable with regard to the presence of a fault.
  • the measuring device can be designed according to at least one of the following optional Variants can be designed:
  • the measuring device has at least one inductive measuring sensor, in particular wherein this measuring sensor is designed to detect the measured variable on the basis of or by means of an inductive energy transfer.
  • This inductive energy transfer can take place through the drive current or, in other words, originate from it or be caused by it.
  • the drive current flows through a circuit and the measuring device records the drive current without being connected to the electrical circuit. In particular, it may not be necessary to open the circuit and connect the measuring device to it in order to record the measured value. This reduces the setup effort of the arrangement.
  • the measuring device comprises or is a clamp current measuring device.
  • the detection device is designed to detect the fault based on a temporal progression of the measured variable and/or to detect the fault based on a threshold value being exceeded for the measured variable.
  • the detection device can be set up to detect the fault based on a Fast Fourier Transformation (FFT) or another frequency analysis of the measured variable.
  • FFT Fast Fourier Transformation
  • a local bearing defect is rolled over or driven over while the component is being driven and in particular rotated, in particular during several consecutive rotations, this can be reflected in a particularly temporary change in the drive current.
  • This change can repeat at a certain frequency depending on the rotational speed.
  • Using a frequency analysis such recurring changes in the measured variable can be detected and compared, for example, with permissible threshold values or threshold values that indicate a fault.
  • the determination device can be set up to determine the disturbance using a machine learning model that defines a connection between the measured variable and the presence of the disturbance or, in other words, maps this connection.
  • the machine learning model can comprise at least one artificial neural network.
  • the machine learning model can learn this connection on the basis of training data, the values (in particular temporal progressions) the measured variable and the presence or absence of disturbances. Based on the values of the measured variable recorded in real operation (in particular temporal progressions), the appropriately trained machine learning model can then conclude whether the disturbance is present or not.
  • the electric drive unit can comprise at least one electric motor.
  • the electric drive unit can be controlled (e.g. speed or position controlled).
  • the drive current can serve as the control variable. In the latter case, it was found that the drive current varies reliably in the event of faults in the drive train and/or the bearing of the component, whereby this variation can be detected and diagnosed as a fault. If, for example, a bearing defect is rolled over, the controlled drive can increase its drive current in order to still reach a target speed, for example. This temporary increase (in particular its frequency with multiple revolutions) can be recognized as a fault by the arrangement disclosed here.
  • the communication device is set up not to initiate communication with a recipient of any fault messages during fault-free operation or, in other words, to initiate communication with a recipient of the fault message only when the fault is detected (and then by sending the fault message).
  • the communication device can be passive. It can then, for example, receive messages, but not communicate actively or self-initiated with the recipient of the fault message.
  • This recipient can be, for example, a remote monitoring center, a control center or operations control center of a system operator. Additionally or alternatively, the recipient can be a mobile terminal, e.g. of maintenance personnel.
  • the communication device cannot send any values and in particular no temporal progressions of the measured variable. At least in fault-free operation, this may not happen.
  • the fault message can optionally contain values of the measured variable or temporal progressions thereof that are present at or in a predetermined time interval until the fault occurs. This differs from known remote monitoring arrangements that transmit continuous values from monitoring devices of a system to external devices, e.g. for remote diagnosis.
  • the communication device reduce the amount and frequency of data transmission. This reduces the technical requirements for the communication device and also for the communication infrastructure used by it (e.g. a data network).
  • the communication device is set up to communicate with another communication device of another arrangement that is set up to detect faults in another system (or to monitor other components of the same system).
  • this further arrangement can be positioned within a predetermined spatial surrounding area.
  • This surrounding area can, for example, cover several hundred square meters or several square kilometers (e.g. up to 5 square kilometers).
  • the communication devices can communicate with each other wirelessly and, for example, connect to each other wirelessly (e.g. via mobile communications).
  • the communication devices can compare values of the respectively assigned measurement variable with each other, for example for the purpose of a plausibility check.
  • the determination device is designed to determine the fault taking into account information (e.g. values of the measured variable) received from the further communication device. For example, a fault can be determined if values of the measured variable of the own arrangement deviate from the measured variable received from the further communication device by more than a permissible amount.
  • the arrangement can in principle comprise several measuring devices, and the detection device can be set up to detect a fault taking into account the measured variables of the several measuring devices.
  • the measuring devices can monitor the same or different components of the system (and/or their drives or bearings) using a drive current that is relevant for this component.
  • the measured variables can be compared with one another, for example, for the purpose of outlier detection, whereby an outlier (e.g. above a predetermined threshold value) can be detected as a fault.
  • the measuring device and/or the detection device can be operated by means of inductive energy transfer.
  • the measuring device and/or the detection device can have an electrical energy storage device, for example in the form of a rechargeable battery. In both cases, it is advantageously not absolutely necessary to provide or retrofit a wired power supply for the measuring device and/or the detection device within the system.
  • the inductive energy transfer can preferably originate from an electrical conductor which carries the drive current and/or which is located in the detection range of the measuring device and/or which is detected by the measuring device for obtaining the measured value.
  • the communication device can also be operated by means of inductive energy transfer or can be supplied via an energy storage device.
  • the arrangement may be designed for continuous fault detection or, in other words, continuous fault monitoring, but preferably only with communication outside the arrangement in the event of a fault.
  • the arrangement (in particular at least one of the measuring device, the determination device and the communication device) comprises a display device by means of which a result of the fault determination can be visually displayed.
  • the result can relate to the presence or absence of the fault, whereby both results (or only one) can be displayed accordingly.
  • the display device can, for example, comprise one or more light sources (e.g. individual signal LEDs) or a display field (e.g. an LED display).
  • the communication device comprises a photovoltaic module. This enables an energy supply that is at least partially independent of the system.
  • the communication device can comprise an electrical energy storage device, for example in the form of a rechargeable battery.
  • the fault is or includes a bearing defect. The damage may affect in particular a mechanical bearing of the component (eg a rolling bearing and furthermore in particular a large rolling bearing).
  • the communication device and the measuring device are included in a device that can be operated together.
  • the communication device can be set up to transmit the fault message to a mobile device (e.g. a mobile phone).
  • the arrangement can generally be set up for mobile and/or temporary use.
  • a user e.g. maintenance personnel who installs the arrangement can thus receive fault messages directly and/or on site on a mobile device.
  • the invention also relates to a system, in particular a wind turbine or a crane, comprising an arrangement according to any aspect disclosed herein.
  • the invention also relates to a method for determining a fault in a system, the system comprising an electric drive unit and a component driven thereby, the method comprising:
  • the method can include all other features and measures to provide all operating states and operating sequences described here. All variants and further developments described in the context of the arrangement can also apply to the method.
  • FIG. 1 shows a wind turbine comprising an arrangement according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • Figure 1 shows an arrangement 10 according to an embodiment of the invention, wherein the arrangement 10 carries out a method according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • the arrangement 10 monitors a wind turbine 12, which is a system 13 monitored by the arrangement.
  • the wind turbine 12, which is only partially shown, comprises a nacelle 14 rotatably mounted on a tower 11 and a plurality of rotor blades 16.
  • Each rotor blade 16 can be rotated about its longitudinal axis for pitch adjustment.
  • each rotor blade 16 is rotatably mounted by means of a rolling bearing 18 (shown as an example for one of the rotor blades 16) and is driven by a schematically indicated drive 20 (term used here synonymously with drive unit) comprising an electric motor for rotation about the longitudinal axis.
  • the rotor blades 16 accordingly form examples of driven components of the monitored system 13.
  • the arrangement 10 comprises, for example, three measuring devices 1, 2, 3, each of which is assigned to one of the rotor blades 16.
  • Each measuring device 1, 2, 3 comprises an inductive measuring sensor (not shown) for detecting a measuring signal that is indicative of the current intensity of a drive current of a respective drive 20 of the rotor blades 16.
  • each measuring device 1, 2, 3 is positioned near a drive current line (not shown), for example in such a way that the inductive measuring sensor accommodates or encloses a section of the drive current line.
  • the position of the measuring device 2 is shown schematically in a highly simplified manner in Fig. 1.
  • this measuring device 2 is actually located spatially behind the hub 15 and, more precisely, close to the drive 20 of the rearmost rotor blade 16.
  • the arrangement 10 also comprises determination devices 22. In the example shown, these are integrated into a respective measuring device 1, 2, 3 and evaluate the measured variable detected thereby according to any variants disclosed herein.
  • the arrangement 10 further comprises a communication device 4. This is connected to the detection devices 22 wirelessly (e.g. via Bluetooth or WLAN) or by wire and receives from them detection results regarding the presence of a fault.
  • the communication unit 4 is arranged on an outer shell or outside of the wind turbine 12. This allows the signal strength of a wireless communication with external Recipients of fault reports or with communication devices 4 of spatially adjacent further arrangements 10.
  • At least one of the determination devices 22 can be integrated in the communication unit 4 and the communication device 4 can receive values of the measured variable detected by the measuring devices 1, 2, 3.
  • the communication device 4 does not transmit any data or at least no values of the measured variables to a predetermined addressee who would be notified in the event of a fault.
  • communication with this addressee is selectively activated, i.e. a fault message is sent to them.
  • the lack of communication or at least the reduced amount of data in trouble-free operation advantageously reduces the amount of data to be transmitted by the communication device 4.
  • An alternative embodiment is not shown, in which the communication device 4 and at least one measuring device 1, 2, 3 are combined to form a structurally integrated mobile unit.
  • This unit also includes a detection device 22.
  • the unit can be installed and removed again with little effort, for example to only temporarily monitor the wind turbine 12 during maintenance (e.g. including a diagnostic run of a drive 20).
  • the communication device 4 can send fault reports, for example, directly to a mobile terminal of the maintenance personnel on site.
  • Such an integrated mobile unit can be used, for example, for random or interval testing of a single rolling bearing 18.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Wind Motors (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un système, un procédé et un dispositif (10) de détermination de perturbations dans un système (13), ce système (13) comprenant une unité d'entraînement électrique et un composant (16) entraîné par celle-ci, le dispositif (10) comprenant : au moins un dispositif de mesure (1, 2, 3) conçu pour détecter au moins une grandeur de mesure dépendant d'un courant d'entraînement de l'unité d'entraînement (20) ; au moins un dispositif de détermination (22) qui est conçu pour déterminer une perturbation sur la base de la grandeur de mesure ; et au moins un dispositif de communication (4) qui est conçu pour émettre un message de perturbation suite à la détermination d'une perturbation.
PCT/EP2023/086679 2022-12-20 2023-12-19 Dispositif et procédé de surveillance d'un système à entraînement électrique et système, en particulier éolienne, comprenant un tel dispositif WO2024133288A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102022214018.4 2022-12-20
DE102022214018.4A DE102022214018A1 (de) 2022-12-20 2022-12-20 Anordnung und Verfahren zur Überwachung eines elektrisch angetriebenen Systems und System, insbesondere Windenergieanlage, mit einer solchen Anordnung

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2024133288A1 true WO2024133288A1 (fr) 2024-06-27

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PCT/EP2023/086679 WO2024133288A1 (fr) 2022-12-20 2023-12-19 Dispositif et procédé de surveillance d'un système à entraînement électrique et système, en particulier éolienne, comprenant un tel dispositif

Country Status (2)

Country Link
DE (1) DE102022214018A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2024133288A1 (fr)

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2299346A1 (fr) * 2009-09-18 2011-03-23 General Electric Company Systèmes, procédés et appareil de surveillance et de contrôle d'une machine à éolienne
DE102011086608A1 (de) * 2010-11-17 2012-07-12 Suzlon Energy Gmbh Verfahren zum Bestimmen von Betriebszuständen einer Windturbine
DE102011077613A1 (de) * 2011-06-16 2012-12-20 AVAILON GmbH Windnachführungsanordnung und Verfahren zur Nachführung eines Rotors einer Windenergieanlage sowie Überwachungsvorrichtung hierfür
US20170328349A1 (en) * 2016-05-12 2017-11-16 General Electric Company System and method for detecting pitch bearing damage in a wind turbine
CN207485607U (zh) * 2017-11-09 2018-06-12 西安热工研究院有限公司 一种风力机变桨轴承故障检测系统

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AT523919B1 (de) 2020-08-14 2022-01-15 Eologix Sensor Tech Gmbh Messvorrichtung für Windkraftanlagen

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2299346A1 (fr) * 2009-09-18 2011-03-23 General Electric Company Systèmes, procédés et appareil de surveillance et de contrôle d'une machine à éolienne
DE102011086608A1 (de) * 2010-11-17 2012-07-12 Suzlon Energy Gmbh Verfahren zum Bestimmen von Betriebszuständen einer Windturbine
DE102011077613A1 (de) * 2011-06-16 2012-12-20 AVAILON GmbH Windnachführungsanordnung und Verfahren zur Nachführung eines Rotors einer Windenergieanlage sowie Überwachungsvorrichtung hierfür
US20170328349A1 (en) * 2016-05-12 2017-11-16 General Electric Company System and method for detecting pitch bearing damage in a wind turbine
CN207485607U (zh) * 2017-11-09 2018-06-12 西安热工研究院有限公司 一种风力机变桨轴承故障检测系统

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