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WO2024184682A1 - Électrolytes contenant des sels cycliques de type sulfonamide, et cellules de stockage d'énergie et batteries fabriquées avec celles-ci - Google Patents

Électrolytes contenant des sels cycliques de type sulfonamide, et cellules de stockage d'énergie et batteries fabriquées avec celles-ci Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024184682A1
WO2024184682A1 PCT/IB2023/052213 IB2023052213W WO2024184682A1 WO 2024184682 A1 WO2024184682 A1 WO 2024184682A1 IB 2023052213 W IB2023052213 W IB 2023052213W WO 2024184682 A1 WO2024184682 A1 WO 2024184682A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
electrolyte
ether
salt
lithium
group
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PCT/IB2023/052213
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English (en)
Inventor
Siyang LIU
Jiaoli WANG
Hong Gan
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Ses Holdings Pte. Ltd.
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Priority to PCT/IB2023/052213 priority Critical patent/WO2024184682A1/fr
Publication of WO2024184682A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024184682A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
    • H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
    • H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
    • H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
    • H01M10/0568—Liquid materials characterised by the solutes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
    • H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
    • H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
    • H01M10/0569—Liquid materials characterised by the solvents
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
    • H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
    • H01M50/411—Organic material
    • H01M50/414—Synthetic resins, e.g. thermoplastics or thermosetting resins
    • H01M50/417—Polyolefins
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0025—Organic electrolyte
    • H01M2300/0028—Organic electrolyte characterised by the solvent
    • H01M2300/0034—Fluorinated solvents
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0025—Organic electrolyte
    • H01M2300/0028—Organic electrolyte characterised by the solvent
    • H01M2300/0037—Mixture of solvents
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present invention generally relates to the field of electrochemical energy storage.
  • the present invention is directed to electrolytes containing sulfonamide-type cyclic salts, and energy-storage cells and batteries made therewith.
  • lithium-ion batteries based on graphite anodes can provide gravimetric energy density around 250 Wh/kg, which is far from meeting the expectation of high-energy-density batteries.
  • Lithium-metal batteries with lithium metal as the anode can provide energy densities greater than 400 Wh/kg, which is significantly greater than conventional lithium-ion batteries, and lithium metal has a lower potential compared to graphite or conventional lithium-ion batteries. If the lithium-ion batteries of existing electric vehicles are replaced by lithium-metal batteries, the driving range and customer experience of electric vehicles will be greatly improved.
  • the electrolyte as the core component of lithium-metal (and also lithium-ion) batteries, has a significant impact on the electrochemical performance and safety performance of the batteries.
  • existing carbonate electrolytes are thermodynamically unstable with lithium metal, resulting in extremely low cycle life and high impedance growth. Therefore, improving the composition of the electrolyte, especially replacing the lithium salt and solvent in the electrolyte, is an effective way to improve the cycle life and safety of lithium-metal batteries and even lithium-ion batteries.
  • highly concentrated electrolyte shows improved electrochemical performance compared to lower concentration electrolytes.
  • the proportion of free solvent in the electrolyte can be reduced, and the stability of the electrode-electrolyte interface, i.e., the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI), film can be improved, thus achieving the purpose of improving the cycling performance.
  • SEI solid electrolyte interphase
  • highly concentrated electrolytes tend to have high viscosity and low lithium-ion conductivity, which leads to poor compatibility of the electrolyte with the electrodes and separator, resulting in limited improvement of electrochemical performance. Therefore, the development of highly concentrated electrolytes with high ionic conductivity and low viscosity is of great importance for the improvement of lithium-metal battery and lithium-ion battery performance.
  • the present disclosure is directed to an electrolyte for an energystorage cell.
  • the electrolyte includes at least one first salt represented by the Formula I:
  • R1 is an alkyl group comprising 1 carbon atom to 4 carbon atoms, and at least one hydrogen in the alkyl group is substituted with fluorine or chlorine; and Li+ can be replaced with another alkaline earth metal ion; and a solvent system that includes at least one first solvent represented by the following Formula II: wherein: R1 is an alkyl group containing 1-4 carbon atoms and at least one hydrogen in the alkyl group is substituted by fluorine or chlorine.
  • R2, R3, R4 are independently selected from the group consisting of a halogen, an alkyl group, an aryl group, and an alkoxy group; and when one or more of R2, R3, R4 is not a halogen, at least one of the one or more of R2, R3, R4 that is not a halogen is a halogen-substituted group.
  • the present disclosure is directed to a secondary battery that includes an anode; a cathode; a separator located between the anode and the cathode; and an electrolyte permeating the separator and in operative communication with the anode and the cathode, wherein the electrolyte is any electrolyte according to any one or more of the foregoing electrolytes.
  • FIG. 1 is a graph of current density versus voltage for three example instantiations of a cyclic-salt electrolyte of the present disclosure (“Embodiment 1” through “Embodiment 3”) and a conventional electrolyte (“Control 1”) tested in a Li/stainless steel test cell;
  • FIG. 2 is a graph of voltage versus capacity for an example instantiation of a cyclic-salt electrolyte of the present disclosure (“Embodiment 1”) and a conventional electrolyte (“Control 1”) tested in a Li/stainless steel test cell at 1C, 0.5C, and 0.1C;
  • FIG. 3 is a graph of capacity versus cycle number for eight example instantiations of a cyclic-salt electrolyte of the present disclosure (“Embodiment 1” through “Embodiment 8”) and two conventional electrolytes (“Control 1” and “Control 2”) tested in a Li/stainless steel test cell;
  • FIG. 4A is a cross-sectional view of a simple electrochemical energy-storage cell made in accordance with the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 4B is a schematic diagram of an energy-storage battery made in accordance with the present disclosure.
  • the present disclosure is directed to electrolytes containing one or more salts that include cyclic sulfonamide-type anions and cations that include an alkali metal, such as lithium, potassium, or sodium.
  • Such “cyclic-salt” electrolytes can possess significantly increased salt solubility, and the composition of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer can be adjusted to improve the cycle life performance of corresponding alkaline-earth-metal-based batteries, such as lithium-metal batteries and lithium-ion batteries, among others.
  • the present disclosure is directed to electrochemical cells having chemistries that include one or more cyclic-salt electrolytes disclosed herein, as well as to batteries, such as secondary batteries, comprised of such electrochemical cells.
  • batteries such as secondary batteries
  • Cyclic-salt electrolytes of the present disclosure can provide secondary batteries with high energy densities and longer cycle lives than similarly composed secondary batteries using conventional electrolytes.
  • the term “about” can mean the numeric value itself. It is also noted that while the following cyclic-salt electrolyte examples are directed to lithium-based salts, the lithium in the salts can be replaced with one or more other alkali metals, such as sodium or potassium. It is further noted that while the following electrochemical cell and battery examples are directed to lithium-metal cells and batteries of the plating/de-plating type, cells and batteries of the present disclosure may be of another type, such as an intercalating type (e.g., a lithium-ion type), be based on one or more lithium alloys, and/or be based on one or more alkali metals generally and/or one or more alkali metal alloys.
  • an intercalating type e.g., a lithium-ion type
  • a cyclic-salt electrolyte of the present disclosure includes at least one cyclic sulfonamide-type salt, here, at least one cyclic lithium sulfonamide-type salt having the following Formula I:
  • Ri is an alkyl group comprising 1 carbon atom to 4 carbon atoms, and at least one hydrogen in the alkyl group is substituted with fluorine or chlorine;
  • Li + can be replaced with another alkali metal ion (MA + ), such as Na + or K + , among others.
  • MA + alkali metal ion
  • the cyclic sulfonamide-type salt of Formula I comprises one or more of lithium cyclodifluoromethane- 1,1 -difluorosulfonimide, lithium l,3,2-dithiazolidine-4,4,5,5- tetrafluoro-l,l,3,3-tetroxylate, lithium l,l,2,2,3,3-hexafluoropropane-l,3-disulfonimide, lithium 1 , 1 ,2,2,3 ,3 -hexachloropropane- 1 ,3-disulfonimide.
  • a cyclic-salt electrolyte of the present disclosure includes at least one cyclic sulfonamide-type salt and at least one solvent having the following Formula II:
  • R2, R3, R4 are independently selected from the group consisting of a halogen, an alkyl group, an aryl group, and an alkoxy group; and when one or more of R2, R3, R4 is/are not a halogen, at least one of the one or more of R2, R3, R4 that is not a halogen is a halogen-substituted group.
  • R2 is one or more of trifluoromethyl, perfluorooctyl, perfluorobutyl.
  • each R3, R4 is independently selected from one or more of a fluoro-substituted alkyl, a trifluoromethyl, and a fluoro-substituted alkoxy.
  • a cyclic-salt electrolyte of the present disclosure having at least one cyclic sulfonamide-type salt of Formula I may have a concentration of the total amount of the salt(s) of Formula I relative to either the total amount of solvent of all types or the total amount of solvent of Formula II, as the case may be, for example, in a range of about 0.1 M to about 5 M, about 0.5 M to about 3 M, or about 1 M to about 2 M and/or a total concentration of the salt(s) present may be greater than about 2 M, wherein “M” is expressed in moles per liter of solvent.
  • the amount of solvent(s) of Formula II may be, for example, about 5 wt.% to about 90 wt.%, or about 15 wt.% to about 80 wt.%, or about 30 wt.% to about 60 wt.% of the total amount of the electrolyte.
  • a cyclic electrolyte of the present disclosure that contains one or more cyclic sulfonamide-type salts of Formula I may comprise one or more alkali metal salts not having Formula I.
  • non-Formula-I salts include, but are not limited to, LiF, LiCl, LiFSI, LiTFSI, L1NO3, L1CIO4, LIBF4, LIPF 6 , L1PO2F2, LIASF 6 , LiBETI, LiCTFSI, LiTDI, LiPDI, LiDCTA, LIB(CN) 4 , LiBOB, and LiDFOB, among others.
  • the total amount of such non-Formula-I salts may have a concentration relative to either the total amount of the electrolyte composed of solvent of all types or the total amount of solvent of Formula II, as the case may be, for example, in a range of about 0.8 M to about 6 M, about 1 M to about 5 M, or about 2 M to about 4 M.
  • a non-Formula- I salt is present, at least one, or the only, non-Formula-I salt is LiFSI.
  • a cyclic-salt electrolyte of the present disclosure has a total alkaline-earth-metal salt concentration in a range of, for example, about 2 M to about 8 M, about 1.5 M to about 6 M, or about 3 M to about 5 M.
  • a cyclic-salt electrolyte of the present disclosure that contains one or more cyclic sulfonamide-type salts of Formula I may comprise one or more organic solvents not having Formula II.
  • non-Formula-II solvents include, but are not limited to, carbonates, ethers (fluorinated or nonfluorinated), phosphates, nitriles, sulfones, sulfates, and ionic liquids, among others, each comprising cyclic or non-cyclic structures.
  • such organic solvent(s) may represent, for example, about 0.1 wt.% to about 50 wt.%, about 0.5 wt.% to about 30 wt.%, or about 1 wt.% to about 10 wt.% of the total weight of the electrolyte.
  • a cyclic-salt electrolyte of the present disclosure comprises an organic solvent and a lithium or other alkaline-earth-metal salt.
  • the organic solvent comprises an ether compound.
  • the ether organic solvent includes one or more non-fluorinated ethers and one or more fluorinated ethers.
  • a nonfluorinated ether is selected from one or more of glycol dimethyl ether, substituted or nonsubstituted tetrahydrofuran, and substituted or non-substituted 1,3 -di oxo lane.
  • the weight ratio of the non- fluorinated ether(s) to the fluorinated ether(s) is in a range of about 1 : 8 to about 8: 1.
  • the total weight ratio of the non-fluorinated ether and the fluorinated ether is in a range of about 5% to about 50% relative to the total weight of the cyclic-salt electrolyte, and preferably, the total weight ratio of the non-fluorinated ether and the fluorinated ether is about 10% to about 25% of the total weight of the cyclic-salt electrolyte.
  • the cyclic-salt electrolyte of the present disclosure may further comprise a phosphate ester, phosphonitrile or ionic liquid for enhancing the safety and thermal stability of the electrochemical cell / battery at issue.
  • a phosphate ester, phosphonitrile, and/or ionic liquid compounds are selected from trimethyl phosphate, tri ethyl phosphate, tris(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl) phosphate, ethoxy (pentafluoro) cyclotriphosphonitrile, 1- methyl- 1 -propylpyrrolidinium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide, 1 -propyl- 1 -methy Ipyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, 1 -methyl- 1 -buty Ipyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, one or more of 1 -methyl- 1 -buty Ipyrrolidinium bis(fhiorosulfonyl)imide, l-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide, l-e
  • a phosphate ester, phosphonitrile, and/or ionic liquid compounds comprise about 0.1% to about 50% of the total weight of the cyclic-salt electrolyte. In some embodiments, the phosphate ester, phosphonitrile, and/or ionic liquid compounds comprise about 1% to about 10% of the total weight of the cyclic-salt electrolyte. In embodiments of a cyclic-salt electrolyte that comprise one or more ether organic solvents, the total amount of the ether organic solvent(s) may be in a range of about 5 wt.% to about 90 wt.% of the total weight of the electrolyte.
  • the ether organic solvent may have a weight ratio of nonfluorinated ether to fluorinated ether in a range of about 1 :8 to about 8:1.
  • a cyclic-salt electrolyte of the present disclosure has a conductivity of more than 1 mS/cm (at 25°C). In some embodiments, the viscosity of a cyclic-salt electrolyte of the present disclosure is less than 100 cp ( at 25°C) to ensure that the cyclic-salt electrolyte has good compatibility and wettability with a cathode and separator of an energy-storage cell. In some embodiments, the solvent used in a cyclic-salt electrolyte of the present disclosure is electrochemically stable to support reversible insertion of the lithium at > 1 V (vs. lithium-metal anode).
  • electrolytes of the present disclosure may “comprise”, “consist essentially of’, or “consist of’ components described herein in any relevant combination, as the case may be.
  • the electrolyte may include one or more additional components regardless of how the additional component(s) may affect the essential properties of the electrolyte that result from the stated component.
  • the electrolyte may include one or more additional components as long as the additional component(s) does/do not negatively impact the essential properties of the electrolyte that results from the stated component.
  • the electrolyte contains only the stated components.
  • the preparation of lithium-metal pouch cells included preparing a cathode, a lithium- metal anode, an electrolyte, and a separator.
  • the cathode was prepared by mixing lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide (NCM811), conductive carbon (CNT), and binder PVDF in N- methylpyrrolidone in the ratio of about 96:2:2 (by weight) to obtain a cathode slurry.
  • the cathode slurry was then uniformly coated on an aluminum foil, and then after drying at 85°C for 12 h under vacuum, cold pressing, cutting, and slitting, the cathode was obtained.
  • the anode was prepared by vapor depositing a thin lithium layer (e.g., about 20 pm in thickness) onto a thin copper substrate (as a current collector).
  • the differing electrolyte compositions were chosen according to Table 1.
  • the cathode, separator, and lithium-metal anode were stacked in order to obtain a naked cell. After welding the tabs, the stack placed in aluminum packaging film, and the lithium metal pouch cell was obtained through the processes of vacuum sealing, electrolyte injection, resting, and formation.
  • Table 2 shows the cycling test results of the pouch cells of Embodiments 1-8 and Controls 1-2. It can be observed that the cycle performance of the battery can be improved by adding the lithium salt of Formula I and the organic solvent of Formula II. The results of Embodiments 1-3 illustrate that the cycle performance of the cell can be improved by increasing the concentration of the lithium salt of the Formula I. In addition, Control 2 shows poor cycle performance along with cell swelling issues. The results show that electrolytes without the lithium salt of the Formula I and the solvent of the Formula II exhibit limited cycling performance, which seriously affects the commercial application of lithium metal batteries.
  • FIG. 1 shows the linear scanning voltammograms of Li
  • both the coin cells containing Embodiments 1 through 3 and the coin cell containing Control 1 have good anodic stability with an oxidation potential window greater than 4.3 V.
  • the oxidation potential window of the electrolyte can be further enhanced by adding lithium salts of the Formula I and organic solvents of the Formula II.
  • the obtained lithium metal pouch cells were tested at different rates. Cells were charged to 4.3 V at 0.1 C constant current constant voltage (CCCV) charging, and then discharged at 0.1 C, 0.5 C, 1 C rate to 2.5 V, respectively.
  • FIG. 2 shows the discharge curves of Embodiment 1 and Control 1 at differing rates.
  • the obtained lithium metal pouch cells were subjected to a cycling test at 0.33C-CCCV / 0.33C-DC (2.5-4.3 V). The charging and discharging procedures were repeated until the discharge capacity of the battery was less than 80% of the nominal capacity. The number of cycles of the battery, or cycle life, is defined as the discharge capacity of n th cycle and is decreased to 80% of the discharge capacity in the first cycle.
  • Table 2, above summarizes the cycle test results of Embodiments 1 through 8 and Controls 1 and 2. As seen in Table 2 and FIG. 2, the rate capabilities of lithium metal batteries increase after adding lithium salt of Formula I.
  • FIG. 3 is a graph of the cycling performance of the pouch cells of Embodiments 1 through 8 and Controls 1 and 2. As seen in FIG. 3, the cycling performance of lithium metal batteries increased after adding lithium salt of Formula I and solvent of Formula II.
  • FIG. 4A illustrates a simple example energy-storage cell 400 made in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
  • the energystorage cell 400 can be, for example, a battery cell (e.g., lithium-metal battery cell or cell based on another alkali metal chemistry, among others) or a supercapacitor cell.
  • FIG. 4A illustrates only some basic functional components of the cell 400 and that a real-world instantiation of the cell, such as a secondary battery or a supercapacitor, will typically be embodied in either a stacked construction containing multiple instantiations of the layered components or a wound construction.
  • the energy-storage cell 400 will include other components, such as one or more seals, thermal shutdown layers, and/or vents, among other things, that, for ease of illustration, are not shown in FIG. 4A.
  • the cell 400 includes an anode 404 and a cathode 408 that are spaced apart from one another and include corresponding active materials 404A and 408A and a pair of respective current collectors 404C and 408C.
  • the current collectors 404C and 408C are electrically connected to corresponding electrical terminals 412(1) and 412(2), such as tabs in a pouch-type construction.
  • At least one porous dielectric separator 416 is located between the anode 404 and cathode 408 to electrically separate the anode and cathode but to allow ions of a cyclic-salt- containing electrolyte 420 to flow therethrough.
  • the cyclic-salt-containing electrolyte 420 may be any cyclic-salt-containing electrolyte described herein or able to be made by a skilled artisan without undue experimentation using only the present disclosure, including the claims, as a guide.
  • each of the anode 404 and cathode 408 comprises one or more suitable materials that gain or lose ions via the cyclic-salt-containing electrolyte 420 depending on whether the cell is being charged or discharged.
  • Each of the active materials 404A and 408A may be any suitable material for the anode 404 and the cathode 408, respectively.
  • Examples of anode-active materials 404A may include alkali-metal-based materials, such as pure lithium, pure sodium, pure potassium, and alloys thereof, among others.
  • the anode-active material 404A may be an alloy consisting of or comprising lithium, magnesium, indium, silver, zinc, and aluminum.
  • the anodeactive material 404A may be lithium metal in a layer having a thickness in a range of about 0.1 pm to aboutlOO pm, in a range of about 5 pm to about 50 pm, or in a range of about 10 pm to about 30 pm, among other ranges.
  • the anode-active material 404A may comprise a lithium-metal foil pressed onto the current collector 404C.
  • the current collector comprises a copper foil or a copper mesh, and the copper foil or the copper mesh having a thickness of about 5 pm to about 20 pm.
  • the anode-active material 404A may comprise graphite or a complex of graphite and silicon-carbon.
  • cathode-active materials 408A include crystalline oxides comprising various amounts of cobalt, nickel, and manganese, among many others.
  • the cathode active material 408A may be an organic cathode material or an inorganic cathode material. If an inorganic cathode material is used, the cathode active material 408A may comprise a lithium transition-metal oxide material coated onto the collector 408C.
  • the cathode active material 408C has the general formula Li x M y 0z, wherein M is a transition metal or two or more transition metals. In one or more embodiments, the transition metal is selected from the group consisting of Co, Mn, Ni, V, Fe, and Cr.
  • the current collector 408C comprises an aluminum foil or a carbon-coated aluminum foil, and the aluminum foil or carbon-coated aluminum foil may have a thickness in a range of about 6 pm to about 30 pm.
  • the cathode electrolyte has a mass loading of about 10 mg/cm 2 to about 30 mg/cm 2 on one side.
  • the porous separator 416 may be made of any suitable dielectric material, such as a polymer (e.g., a polyolefin, such as polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE), or a PP/PE hybrid, among other polymers), among others, and may be coated or uncoated as needed to meet a certain design.
  • a polymer e.g., a polyolefin, such as polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE), or a PP/PE hybrid, among other polymers
  • PP polypropylene
  • PE polyethylene
  • PP/PE hybrid a polypropylene/PE hybrid
  • the energy-storage cell 400 may include a container 424 (e.g., a housing) configured in any suitable manner and made of any suitable material(s).
  • a container 424 e.g., a housing
  • Various battery and supercapacitor constructions that can be used for constructing the cell 400 of FIG. 4A, such as a pouch-type construction, a coin-type construction, and a cylindrical construction, among others, are known in the art. Consequently, the configuration and material(s) of the container 424 can be, for example, of types commonly used for these constructions. If any of such known constructions is used, a novelty of the cell 400 lies in the cyclic-salt-containing electrolyte 420 made in accordance with the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 4B illustrates an example multicell battery 450 made in accordance with the present disclosure.
  • the battery 450 includes a plurality of electrochemical energy-storage cells 454(1) through 454(N) electrically connected with one another via suitable electrical connections 458.
  • the number of the cells 454(1) through 454(N) provided may be any number, for example, 2 to 100 or more, needed to suit a particular application.
  • the electrical connections 458 may be any connections needed to connect the cells 454(1) through 454(N) with one another such that the battery 450 meets the design requirements for the application at issue.
  • the electrical connections 458 may be either serial connections or parallel connections, or a combination of serial and parallel connections.
  • the cells 454(1) through 454(N) may be grouped in one or more groups, and each such group may be part of a corresponding battery module.
  • the electrical connections 458 may include electrical connections among the modules.
  • the electrical connections 458 are electrically connected to a pair of battery output terminals 462(1) and 462(2) that will be connected to an electrical load and/or electrical source (neither shown) during deployment of the battery.
  • a battery management system such as, but not limited to, a battery management system, a sensor system, an emergency disconnect unit, and module controllers, among others.

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Abstract

L'invention concerne des électrolytes pour des dispositifs de stockage d'énergie à métal alcalin (MA), tels que des batteries au lithium-métal et des batteries au lithium-ion. Dans certains modes de réalisation, un électrolyte de la présente invention comprend au moins un sel de type sulfonamide cyclique représenté par MA + (-SO 2 -N - -SO 2 -R 1 -), R1 étant un groupe alkyle comprenant 1 atome de carbone à 4 atomes de carbone, et au moins un hydrogène dans le groupe alkyle étant substitué par du fluor ou du chlore. Dans certains modes de réalisation, un électrolyte de la présente invention peut en outre comprendre un système de solvant qui comprend un ou plusieurs solvants représentés par R2-SO2-N-R3,R4, où R2, R3, R4 étant indépendamment choisis dans le groupe constitué par un halogène, un groupe alkyle, un groupe aryle et un groupe alcoxy, et, lorsqu'un ou plusieurs parmi R2, R3, R4 est/ne sont pas un halogène, au moins l'un des un ou plusieurs parmi R2, R3, R4 qui n'est pas un halogène est un groupe substitué par halogène.
PCT/IB2023/052213 2023-03-08 2023-03-08 Électrolytes contenant des sels cycliques de type sulfonamide, et cellules de stockage d'énergie et batteries fabriquées avec celles-ci WO2024184682A1 (fr)

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Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2001097944A (ja) * 1999-09-29 2001-04-10 Merck Patent Gmbh 電気化学電池用の低燃焼性溶剤としてのフッ素化スルホンアミド化合物
KR20140071870A (ko) * 2012-12-04 2014-06-12 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 리튬 이차 전지용 전해액 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차 전지
EP3050872A1 (fr) * 2015-01-28 2016-08-03 Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Sulfonamide fluoré comme (co-) solvant électrolyte pour batteries lithium-ion
WO2022203074A1 (fr) * 2021-03-26 2022-09-29 旭化成株式会社 Sel de sulfonylimide cyclique contenant du fluor, et son procédé de production, électrolyte non aqueux, batterie secondaire non aqueuse
JP2022153187A (ja) * 2021-03-29 2022-10-12 株式会社豊田自動織機 電解液およびリチウムイオン二次電池
US20220328880A1 (en) * 2021-04-08 2022-10-13 Sion Power Corporation Electrolytes for lithium batteries

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2001097944A (ja) * 1999-09-29 2001-04-10 Merck Patent Gmbh 電気化学電池用の低燃焼性溶剤としてのフッ素化スルホンアミド化合物
KR20140071870A (ko) * 2012-12-04 2014-06-12 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 리튬 이차 전지용 전해액 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차 전지
EP3050872A1 (fr) * 2015-01-28 2016-08-03 Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Sulfonamide fluoré comme (co-) solvant électrolyte pour batteries lithium-ion
WO2022203074A1 (fr) * 2021-03-26 2022-09-29 旭化成株式会社 Sel de sulfonylimide cyclique contenant du fluor, et son procédé de production, électrolyte non aqueux, batterie secondaire non aqueuse
JP2022153187A (ja) * 2021-03-29 2022-10-12 株式会社豊田自動織機 電解液およびリチウムイオン二次電池
US20220328880A1 (en) * 2021-04-08 2022-10-13 Sion Power Corporation Electrolytes for lithium batteries

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