WO2024016087A1 - Fuel additive compositions and additive-modified fuel compositions - Google Patents
Fuel additive compositions and additive-modified fuel compositions Download PDFInfo
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- WO2024016087A1 WO2024016087A1 PCT/CA2023/050983 CA2023050983W WO2024016087A1 WO 2024016087 A1 WO2024016087 A1 WO 2024016087A1 CA 2023050983 W CA2023050983 W CA 2023050983W WO 2024016087 A1 WO2024016087 A1 WO 2024016087A1
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- WO
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- Prior art keywords
- liquid fuel
- additive
- composition
- modified
- hydrocarbon
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 129
- 239000002816 fuel additive Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 63
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims description 92
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 157
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 118
- 239000012018 catalyst precursor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 150000004696 coordination complex Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000013110 organic ligand Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000002608 ionic liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 67
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims description 50
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 50
- 239000012876 carrier material Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000011344 liquid material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 4
- -1 fatty acid cyclohexyl amine salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001882 dioxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002028 premature Effects 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SVOAENZIOKPANY-CVBJKYQLSA-L copper;(z)-octadec-9-enoate Chemical compound [Cu+2].CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC([O-])=O SVOAENZIOKPANY-CVBJKYQLSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 150000001924 cycloalkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- WNPNSXNXDXEXAN-KVVVOXFISA-N cyclohexanamine;(z)-octadec-9-enoic acid Chemical compound NC1CCCCC1.CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O WNPNSXNXDXEXAN-KVVVOXFISA-N 0.000 description 1
- DBKKYJPKNUNYFA-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexylazanium;octadecanoate Chemical compound NC1CCCCC1.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O DBKKYJPKNUNYFA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000116 mitigating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003134 recirculating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
- C10L10/04—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for minimising corrosion or incrustation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/16—Hydrocarbons
- C10L1/1616—Hydrocarbons fractions, e.g. lubricants, solvents, naphta, bitumen, tars, terpentine
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- C10L1/188—Carboxylic acids; metal salts thereof
- C10L1/1881—Carboxylic acids; metal salts thereof carboxylic group attached to an aliphatic carbon atom
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
- C10L1/222—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one carbon-to-nitrogen single bond
- C10L1/2222—(cyclo)aliphatic amines; polyamines (no macromolecular substituent 30C); quaternair ammonium compounds; carbamates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
- C10L1/222—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one carbon-to-nitrogen single bond
- C10L1/223—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one carbon-to-nitrogen single bond having at least one amino group bound to an aromatic carbon atom
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L2200/00—Components of fuel compositions
- C10L2200/02—Inorganic or organic compounds containing atoms other than C, H or O, e.g. organic compounds containing heteroatoms or metal organic complexes
- C10L2200/0204—Metals or alloys
- C10L2200/0209—Group I metals: Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr, Cu, Ag, Au
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L2200/00—Components of fuel compositions
- C10L2200/04—Organic compounds
- C10L2200/0407—Specifically defined hydrocarbon fractions as obtained from, e.g. a distillation column
- C10L2200/0438—Middle or heavy distillates, heating oil, gasoil, marine fuels, residua
- C10L2200/0446—Diesel
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L2230/00—Function and purpose of a components of a fuel or the composition as a whole
- C10L2230/04—Catalyst added to fuel stream to improve a reaction
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to fuel additives and fuel compositions containing fuel additives.
- Fuel-borne catalysts are used to lower the activation energy required for effecting a combustion reaction.
- challenges in uniformly distributing these catalysts throughout the fuel in order to efficiently effect catalysis of the combustion reaction.
- challenges exist in mitigating premature oxidation of the fuel, which may contribute to fouling of the fueling system.
- a liquid fuel additive composition comprising: a catalyst pre-cursor material, defined by at least one organic metal complex, wherein each one of the at least one organic metal complex, independently, includes an organic ligand that is coordinated to a metal of the metal complex.
- the organic ligand is derived from an ionic liquid.
- a liquid fuel additive composition comprising: a catalyst pre-cursor material, defined by at least one organic metal complex, wherein each one of the at least one organic metal complex, independently, includes an organic ligand that is coordinated to a metal of the metal complex, and the metal and the organic ligand co-operate such that the catalyst pre-cursor material is configured for co-operating with an oxidant, for effecting a reactive process that produces a reaction product material that includes catalyst material, in response to contacting of the catalyst pre-cursor material with the oxidant within a reaction zone, only if the temperature within the reaction zone is greater than 150 degrees Celsius.
- a liquid fuel additive composition comprising: a catalyst pre-cursor material, defined by at least one organic metal complex, wherein each one of the at least one organic metal complex, independently, includes an organic ligand that is coordinated to a metal of the metal complex, and a carrier material, wherein the carrier material is a hydrocarbon material, wherein the volumetric ratio of the catalyst pre-cursor material to the carrier material is 1 : 19 to 1 : 1.
- an additive-modified liquid fuel composition comprising a liquid fuel and any one of the liquid fuel additive compositions, as above-described.
- an additive-modified liquid fuel composition comprising a liquid hydrocarbon material and a liquid fuel additive composition, wherein the liquid fuel additive composition includes a catalyst pre-cursor material defined by at least one organic metal complex, wherein each one of the at least one organic metal complex, independently, includes an organic ligand, derived from an ionic liquid.
- the organic ligand is co-ordinated to a metal of the metal complex.
- an additive-modified liquid fuel composition comprising a liquid hydrocarbon material and a liquid fuel additive composition, wherein the liquid fuel additive composition includes a catalyst pre-cursor material defined by at least one organic metal complex, wherein: each one of the at least one organic metal complex, independently, includes an organic ligand that is co-ordinated to a metal of the metal complex, and the metal and the organic ligand co-operate such that the catalyst pre-cursor material is configured for co-operating with an oxidant, for effecting a reactive process that produces a reaction product material that includes catalyst material, in response to contacting of the catalyst pre-cursor material with the oxidant within a reaction zone, only if the temperature within the reaction zone is greater than 150 degrees Celsius.
- a process for generating energy including processing an additive-modified liquid fuel composition, including a liquid hydrocarbon material and a catalyst pre-cursor material, via a process configuration such that a combustion-ready fuel composition is obtained, and, during the processing, there is an absence of conversion of the catalyst pre-cursor material to a catalyst material effective for catalyzing combustion of the liquid hydrocarbon material, wherein the processing includes supplying of the combustion-ready fuel composition, derived from a source of the additive-modified liquid fuel composition, to a reaction zone.
- liquid fuel additive composition comprising a catalyst precursor material and a carrier material.
- the catalyst pre-cursor material is defined by at least one organic metal complex.
- Each one of the at least one organic metal complex independently, includes an organic ligand that is co-ordinated to a metal of the metal complex.
- the metal is a metal atom.
- the metal is a metal ion.
- the metal ion is Cu 2+ .
- the organic ligand is derived from an ionic liquid.
- the ionic liquid is a protic ionic liquid.
- the ionic liquid is a compound of formula (I): Q-S; wherein:
- Q is bonded to S via an ionic bond
- Q is of formula (II): wherein: each one of R 1 , R 2 , and R 3 , independently, is hydrogen or a methyl group, with the proviso that at least one of R 1 , R 2 , and R 3 is hydrogen; and
- R 4 is an aliphatic group or an aryl group
- S is of formula (III): wherein R 5 is an aliphatic group.
- Exemplary ionic liquids include fatty acid cyclohexyl amine salts, such as, for example, cyclohexylammonium oleate, and cyclohexyl ammonium stearate.
- the catalyst pre-cursor material is configured for co-operating with an oxidant (e.g. gaseous molecular oxygen), in response to contacting of the catalyst pre-cursor material with the oxidant, for effecting a reactive process that produces a reaction product material, wherein the reaction product material includes catalyst material.
- an oxidant e.g. gaseous molecular oxygen
- the metal and the organic ligand co-operate such that the catalyst pre-cursor material is configured for co-operating with an oxidant (e.g.
- the obtained catalyst material is a metal oxide.
- each one of the at least one organic metal complex independently, has a structure represented by the following general formula (I): MLn wherein:
- M represents a metal
- L represents an organic ligand
- n represents an integer of one (1) to four (4).
- the metal organic complex includes at least one ligand
- exemplary ligands include monodentate ligands, bidentate ligands, and polydentate ligands.
- n is equal to one (1)
- the ligand is a bidentate ligand.
- n is at least two (2), in some of these embodiments, for example, all of the ligands are different.
- n is at least two (2), in some of these embodiments, for example, all of the ligands are identical.
- n is at least two (2), in some of these embodiments, for example, only some of the ligands are identical.
- Exemplary organic metal complexes include:
- the carrier material is a hydrocarbon material.
- the hydrocarbon material is defined by at least one hydrocarbon compound.
- each one of the at least one hydrocarbon compound independently, has a total number of carbon atoms of at least five (5).
- the total number of carbon atoms is from six (6) to 18 such as, for example, from six (6) to 16.
- Exemplary hydrocarbon compounds include n-alkanes, iso-alkanes, and cycloalkanes.
- the viscosity of the hydrocarbon material is 0.22 centipoise to 3.2 centipoise, such as, for example, 0.31 centipoise to 2.5 centipoise, such as, for example, 0.31 centipoise to 2.0 centipoise.
- the hydrocarbon material contributes to viscosity reduction in the liquid fuel additive composition for enhancing processability.
- the catalyst pre-cursor material and the carrier material interact via London dispersion forces, ion-dipole interactions, or both of London dispersion forces and ion-dipole interactions.
- the liquid fuel additive composition includes five (5) volume % to 50 volume % of catalyst pre-cursor material, based on the total volume of the liquid fuel additive composition (such as, for example, five (5) volume % to 15 volume % of catalyst pre-cursor material, based on the total volume of the liquid fuel additive composition), and also includes 50 volume % to 95 volume % of carrier material, based on the total volume of the liquid fuel additive composition (such as, for example, 85 volume % to 95 volume % of carrier material, based on the total volume of the liquid fuel additive composition).
- the volumetric ratio of the catalyst precursor material to the carrier material is 1 : 19 to 1 : 1, such as, for example, 1 : 19 to 1 :5.67.
- the liquid fuel additive composition is produced in accordance with a process comprising: admixing an ionic liquid with the carrier material, such that a metal extraction-effective liquid material is obtained; contacting a source of the metal with the metal extraction-effective liquid material, with effect that the liquid fuel additive composition is produced.
- the ionic liquid and the carrier material interact via London dispersion forces, iondipole interactions, or both of London dispersion forces and ion-dipole interactions
- the relatively low viscosity of the carrier material enhances transportability (e.g. diffusion) of the metal extraction-effective liquid material towards the metal source for increasing the rate at which the liquid fuel additive composition is produced.
- the contacting of the metal source with the metal extraction-effective liquid material is with effect that a reactive process is effected.
- a reactive process is effected such that the liquid fuel additive composition is produced.
- the contacting is effected by passing the metal extraction-effective liquid material through a series of packed columns containing copper mesh rolls.
- a recirculating liquid material, including the metal extraction-effective liquid material is recirculated through the packed columns, such that the concentration of the liquid fuel additive composition progressively increases over time.
- the liquid fuel additive composition is configured for admixing with a liquid fuel to produce an additive-modified liquid fuel composition.
- the hydrocarbon material of the liquid fuel additive composition is a first hydrocarbon material and the liquid fuel defines a second hydrocarbon material, and the second hydrocarbon material is defined by at least one hydrocarbon compound.
- each one of the at least one hydrocarbon compound of the second hydrocarbon material independently, has a total number of carbon atoms of at least four (4).
- the total number of carbon atoms is from four (4) to 22, such as, for example, from six (6) to 18.
- the first hydrocarbon material is identical to the second hydrocarbon material. In some embodiments, for example, the first hydrocarbon material is different from the second hydrocarbon material. In some embodiments, for example, the first hydrocarbon material and the second hydrocarbon material are co-operatively configured such that liquid fuel additive composition is miscible with the liquid fuel. In some embodiments, for example, there is an absence of adverse effect on combustion of the liquid fuel by the first hydrocarbon material. In some embodiments, for example, the liquid fuel is diesel.
- an additive-modified liquid fuel composition includes the liquid fuel (e.g. diesel) and the liquid fuel additive composition.
- the liquid fuel and the liquid fuel additive composition interact via London dispersion forces that are effective for establishing miscibility of the liquid fuel additive composition within the liquid fuel.
- the additive-modified liquid fuel composition includes 96.7 volume % to 99.5 volume % of the liquid fuel, based on the total volume of the additive-modified liquid fuel composition (such as, for example, 97.5 volume % to 99.3 volume % of the liquid fuel, based on the total volume of the additive-modified liquid fuel composition), and also includes 0.5 volume % to 3.3 volume % of the liquid fuel additive composition, based on the total volume of the additive-modified liquid fuel composition (such as, for example, 0.7 volume % to 2.5 volume % of the liquid fuel additive composition, based on the total volume of the additive-modified liquid fuel composition).
- the volumetric ratio of the liquid fuel to the liquid fuel additive composition is 1 :29 to 1 : 199, such as, for example, 1 :39 to 1 : 149.
- an additive-modified liquid fuel composition includes a liquid hydrocarbon material and the catalyst pre-cursor material.
- the liquid hydrocarbon material is defined by at least one hydrocarbon compound.
- each one of the at least one hydrocarbon compound of the liquid hydrocarbon material independently, has a total number of carbon atoms of at least four (4).
- the total number of carbon atoms is from four (4) to 22, such as, for example, from six (6) to 18.
- the additive-modified liquid fuel composition comprises at least 95 volume % of the liquid hydrocarbon material, based on the total volume of the additive-modified liquid fuel composition, such as, for example, at least 96 volume % of the liquid hydrocarbon material, based on the total volume of the additive-modified liquid fuel composition, such as, for example, at least 97 volume % of the liquid hydrocarbon material, based on the total volume of the additive-modified liquid fuel composition, such as, for example, at least 98 volume % of the liquid hydrocarbon material, based on the total volume of the additive-modified liquid fuel composition, such as, for example, at least 99 volume % of the liquid hydrocarbon material, based on the total volume of the additive-modified liquid fuel composition.
- the liquid hydrocarbon material is the liquid fuel.
- the concentration of the metal (of the catalyst pre-cursor material) within the additive-modified liquid fuel composition is at least 0.10 mmol/L. In some embodiments, for example, the concentration of the metal (of the catalyst pre-cursor material) within the additive-modified liquid fuel composition is 0.10 mmol/L to 1.0 mmol/L, such as, for example 0.15 mmol/L to 0.85 mmol/L.
- a process is provided for generating energy, including contacting a combustion-ready fuel composition with an oxidant. In some embodiments, for example, the contacting is effected within a reaction zone.
- the reaction zone is disposed at a temperature of at least 150 degrees Celsius. In some embodiments, for example, the reaction zone is disposed within a combustion chamber.
- the contacting of the combustion-ready fuel composition with the oxidant is with effect that the catalyst material is produced, which, in turn, effects catalysis of the combustion of the liquid fuel.
- the combustion-ready fuel composition is derived from the additive-modified liquid fuel composition. In some embodiments, for example, the combustion-ready fuel composition is the additive-modified liquid fuel composition.
- the process further includes processing the additive-modified liquid fuel composition via a process configuration such that the combustionready fuel composition is obtained, and, during the processing, there is an absence of conversion of the catalyst pre-cursor catalyst material to a catalyst material effective for catalyzing combustion of the liquid fuel.
- the processing includes supplying of the combustion -ready fuel composition, derived from a source of the additive-modified liquid fuel composition, to the reaction zone.
- the temperature of the additive-modified fuel composition is only below 150 degrees Celsius.
- the process includes admixing the liquid fuel additive composition with the liquid fuel to obtain the source of the additive-modified liquid fuel composition.
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Abstract
There is provided a liquid fuel additive composition comprising a catalyst pre-cursor material, defined by at least one organic metal complex. Each one of the at least one organic metal complex, independently, includes an organic ligand that is co-ordinated to a metal of the metal complex. The organic ligand is derived from an ionic liquid.
Description
FUEL ADDITIVE COMPOSITIONS AND ADDITIVE-MODIFIED FUEL COMPOSITIONS
FIELD
[0001] The present disclosure relates to fuel additives and fuel compositions containing fuel additives.
BACKGROUND
[0002] Fuel-borne catalysts are used to lower the activation energy required for effecting a combustion reaction. However, there are challenges in uniformly distributing these catalysts throughout the fuel in order to efficiently effect catalysis of the combustion reaction. Further, challenges exist in mitigating premature oxidation of the fuel, which may contribute to fouling of the fueling system.
SUMMARY
[0003] In one aspect, there is provided a liquid fuel additive composition comprising: a catalyst pre-cursor material, defined by at least one organic metal complex, wherein each one of the at least one organic metal complex, independently, includes an organic ligand that is coordinated to a metal of the metal complex. The organic ligand is derived from an ionic liquid.
[0004] In another aspect, there is provided a liquid fuel additive composition comprising: a catalyst pre-cursor material, defined by at least one organic metal complex, wherein each one of the at least one organic metal complex, independently, includes an organic ligand that is coordinated to a metal of the metal complex, and the metal and the organic ligand co-operate such that the catalyst pre-cursor material is configured for co-operating with an oxidant, for effecting a reactive process that produces a reaction product material that includes catalyst material, in response to contacting of the catalyst pre-cursor material with the oxidant within a reaction zone, only if the temperature within the reaction zone is greater than 150 degrees Celsius.
[0005] In another aspect, there is provided a liquid fuel additive composition comprising: a catalyst pre-cursor material, defined by at least one organic metal complex, wherein each one of the at least one organic metal complex, independently, includes an organic ligand that is coordinated to a metal of the metal complex, and a carrier material, wherein the carrier material is a hydrocarbon material, wherein the volumetric ratio of the catalyst pre-cursor material to the carrier material is 1 : 19 to 1 : 1.
[0006] In another aspect, there is provided an additive-modified liquid fuel composition comprising a liquid fuel and any one of the liquid fuel additive compositions, as above-described.
[0007] In another aspect, there is provided an additive-modified liquid fuel composition comprising a liquid hydrocarbon material and a liquid fuel additive composition, wherein the liquid fuel additive composition includes a catalyst pre-cursor material defined by at least one organic metal complex, wherein each one of the at least one organic metal complex, independently, includes an organic ligand, derived from an ionic liquid. The organic ligand is co-ordinated to a metal of the metal complex.
[0008] In another aspect, there is provided an additive-modified liquid fuel composition comprising a liquid hydrocarbon material and a liquid fuel additive composition, wherein the liquid fuel additive composition includes a catalyst pre-cursor material defined by at least one organic metal complex, wherein: each one of the at least one organic metal complex, independently, includes an organic ligand that is co-ordinated to a metal of the metal complex, and the metal and the organic ligand co-operate such that the catalyst pre-cursor material is configured for co-operating with an oxidant, for effecting a reactive process that produces a reaction product material that includes catalyst material, in response to contacting of the catalyst pre-cursor material with the oxidant within a reaction zone, only if the temperature within the reaction zone is greater than 150 degrees Celsius.
[0009] In another aspect, there is provided a process for generating energy, including processing an additive-modified liquid fuel composition, including a liquid hydrocarbon material and a catalyst pre-cursor material, via a process configuration such that a combustion-ready fuel composition is obtained, and, during the processing, there is an absence of conversion of the catalyst pre-cursor material to a catalyst material effective for catalyzing combustion of the liquid
hydrocarbon material, wherein the processing includes supplying of the combustion-ready fuel composition, derived from a source of the additive-modified liquid fuel composition, to a reaction zone.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0010] There is provided a liquid fuel additive composition comprising a catalyst precursor material and a carrier material.
[0011] The catalyst pre-cursor material is defined by at least one organic metal complex. Each one of the at least one organic metal complex, independently, includes an organic ligand that is co-ordinated to a metal of the metal complex.
[0012] In some embodiments, for example, the metal is a metal atom.
[0013] In some embodiments, for example, the metal is a metal ion. In some of these embodiments, for example, the metal ion is Cu2+.
[0014] In some embodiments, for example, the organic ligand is derived from an ionic liquid. In some embodiments, for example, the ionic liquid is a protic ionic liquid.
[0015] In some embodiments, for example, the ionic liquid is a compound of formula (I): Q-S; wherein:
Q is bonded to S via an ionic bond;
Q is of formula (II):
wherein: each one of R1, R2, and R3, independently, is hydrogen or a methyl group, with the proviso that at least one of R1, R2, and R3 is hydrogen; and
R4 is an aliphatic group or an aryl group; and
S is of formula (III):
wherein R5 is an aliphatic group.
[0016] Exemplary ionic liquids include fatty acid cyclohexyl amine salts, such as, for example, cyclohexylammonium oleate, and cyclohexyl ammonium stearate.
[0017] In some embodiments, for example, the catalyst pre-cursor material is configured for co-operating with an oxidant (e.g. gaseous molecular oxygen), in response to contacting of the catalyst pre-cursor material with the oxidant, for effecting a reactive process that produces a reaction product material, wherein the reaction product material includes catalyst material. In some embodiments, for example, the metal and the organic ligand co-operate such that the catalyst pre-cursor material is configured for co-operating with an oxidant (e.g. gaseous molecular oxygen), for effecting a reactive process that produces a reaction product material that includes catalyst material, in response to contacting of the catalyst pre-cursor material with the oxidant within a reaction zone, only if the temperature within the reaction zone is greater than 150 degrees Celsius. In some embodiments, for example, the obtained catalyst material is a metal oxide.
[0018] In some embodiments, for example, each one of the at least one organic metal complex, independently, has a structure represented by the following general formula (I):
MLn wherein:
M represents a metal.
L represents an organic ligand; and n represents an integer of one (1) to four (4).
[0019] In this respect, the metal organic complex includes at least one ligand, and exemplary ligands include monodentate ligands, bidentate ligands, and polydentate ligands. In those embodiments where n is equal to one (1), in some of these embodiments, for example, the ligand is a bidentate ligand.
[0020] In those embodiments where n is at least two (2), in some of these embodiments, for example, all of the ligands are different.
[0021] In those embodiments where n is at least two (2), in some of these embodiments, for example, all of the ligands are identical.
[0022] In those embodiments where n is at least two (2), in some of these embodiments, for example, only some of the ligands are identical.
[0023] Exemplary organic metal complexes include:
(i) copper dioleate (CseHeeC Cu):
(ii) copper tetracyclohexylammonium (C24H56N4CU):
[0024] The carrier material is a hydrocarbon material. The hydrocarbon material is defined by at least one hydrocarbon compound. In some embodiments, for example, each one of the at least one hydrocarbon compound, independently, has a total number of carbon atoms of at least five (5). In some embodiments, for example, for each one of the at least one hydrocarbon compound, independently, the total number of carbon atoms is from six (6) to 18 such as, for example, from six (6) to 16. Exemplary hydrocarbon compounds include n-alkanes, iso-alkanes, and cycloalkanes.
[0025] In some embodiments, for example, the viscosity of the hydrocarbon material is 0.22 centipoise to 3.2 centipoise, such as, for example, 0.31 centipoise to 2.5 centipoise, such as, for example, 0.31 centipoise to 2.0 centipoise. The hydrocarbon material contributes to viscosity reduction in the liquid fuel additive composition for enhancing processability.
[0026] In some embodiments, for example, for establishing the liquid fuel additive composition, the catalyst pre-cursor material and the carrier material interact via London
dispersion forces, ion-dipole interactions, or both of London dispersion forces and ion-dipole interactions.
[0027] In some embodiments, for example, the liquid fuel additive composition includes five (5) volume % to 50 volume % of catalyst pre-cursor material, based on the total volume of the liquid fuel additive composition (such as, for example, five (5) volume % to 15 volume % of catalyst pre-cursor material, based on the total volume of the liquid fuel additive composition), and also includes 50 volume % to 95 volume % of carrier material, based on the total volume of the liquid fuel additive composition (such as, for example, 85 volume % to 95 volume % of carrier material, based on the total volume of the liquid fuel additive composition). In some embodiments, for example, within the liquid fuel additive composition, the volumetric ratio of the catalyst precursor material to the carrier material is 1 : 19 to 1 : 1, such as, for example, 1 : 19 to 1 :5.67.
[0028] In some embodiments, for example, the liquid fuel additive composition is produced in accordance with a process comprising: admixing an ionic liquid with the carrier material, such that a metal extraction-effective liquid material is obtained; contacting a source of the metal with the metal extraction-effective liquid material, with effect that the liquid fuel additive composition is produced.
[0029] In some embodiments, for example, for establishing the metal extraction-effective liquid material, the ionic liquid and the carrier material interact via London dispersion forces, iondipole interactions, or both of London dispersion forces and ion-dipole interactions
[0030] In some embodiments, for example, the relatively low viscosity of the carrier material enhances transportability (e.g. diffusion) of the metal extraction-effective liquid material towards the metal source for increasing the rate at which the liquid fuel additive composition is produced.
[0031] In some embodiments, for example, the contacting of the metal source with the metal extraction-effective liquid material is with effect that a reactive process is effected. In this
respect, in some embodiments, for example, in response to the contacting, a reactive process is effected such that the liquid fuel additive composition is produced.
[0032] In some embodiments, for example, the contacting is effected by passing the metal extraction-effective liquid material through a series of packed columns containing copper mesh rolls. In some embodiments, for example, a recirculating liquid material, including the metal extraction-effective liquid material, is recirculated through the packed columns, such that the concentration of the liquid fuel additive composition progressively increases over time.
[0033] The liquid fuel additive composition is configured for admixing with a liquid fuel to produce an additive-modified liquid fuel composition. In some embodiments, for example, the hydrocarbon material of the liquid fuel additive composition is a first hydrocarbon material and the liquid fuel defines a second hydrocarbon material, and the second hydrocarbon material is defined by at least one hydrocarbon compound. In some embodiments, for example, each one of the at least one hydrocarbon compound of the second hydrocarbon material, independently, has a total number of carbon atoms of at least four (4). In some embodiments, for example, for each one of the at least one hydrocarbon compound of the second hydrocarbon material, independently, the total number of carbon atoms is from four (4) to 22, such as, for example, from six (6) to 18. In some embodiments, for example, the first hydrocarbon material is identical to the second hydrocarbon material. In some embodiments, for example, the first hydrocarbon material is different from the second hydrocarbon material. In some embodiments, for example, the first hydrocarbon material and the second hydrocarbon material are co-operatively configured such that liquid fuel additive composition is miscible with the liquid fuel. In some embodiments, for example, there is an absence of adverse effect on combustion of the liquid fuel by the first hydrocarbon material. In some embodiments, for example, the liquid fuel is diesel.
[0034] In this respect, in some embodiments, for example, an additive-modified liquid fuel composition is provided and includes the liquid fuel (e.g. diesel) and the liquid fuel additive composition. The liquid fuel and the liquid fuel additive composition interact via London dispersion forces that are effective for establishing miscibility of the liquid fuel additive composition within the liquid fuel. In some embodiments, for example, the additive-modified liquid fuel composition includes 96.7 volume % to 99.5 volume % of the liquid fuel, based on the
total volume of the additive-modified liquid fuel composition (such as, for example, 97.5 volume % to 99.3 volume % of the liquid fuel, based on the total volume of the additive-modified liquid fuel composition), and also includes 0.5 volume % to 3.3 volume % of the liquid fuel additive composition, based on the total volume of the additive-modified liquid fuel composition (such as, for example, 0.7 volume % to 2.5 volume % of the liquid fuel additive composition, based on the total volume of the additive-modified liquid fuel composition). In some embodiments, for example, within the additive-modified liquid fuel composition, the volumetric ratio of the liquid fuel to the liquid fuel additive composition is 1 :29 to 1 : 199, such as, for example, 1 :39 to 1 : 149.
[0035] In some embodiments, for example, an additive-modified liquid fuel composition is provided and includes a liquid hydrocarbon material and the catalyst pre-cursor material. In some embodiments, for example, the liquid hydrocarbon material is defined by at least one hydrocarbon compound. In some embodiments, for example, each one of the at least one hydrocarbon compound of the liquid hydrocarbon material, independently, has a total number of carbon atoms of at least four (4). In some embodiments, for example, for each one of the at least one hydrocarbon compound of the liquid hydrocarbon material, independently, the total number of carbon atoms is from four (4) to 22, such as, for example, from six (6) to 18. In some embodiments, for example, the additive-modified liquid fuel composition comprises at least 95 volume % of the liquid hydrocarbon material, based on the total volume of the additive-modified liquid fuel composition, such as, for example, at least 96 volume % of the liquid hydrocarbon material, based on the total volume of the additive-modified liquid fuel composition, such as, for example, at least 97 volume % of the liquid hydrocarbon material, based on the total volume of the additive-modified liquid fuel composition, such as, for example, at least 98 volume % of the liquid hydrocarbon material, based on the total volume of the additive-modified liquid fuel composition, such as, for example, at least 99 volume % of the liquid hydrocarbon material, based on the total volume of the additive-modified liquid fuel composition. In some embodiments, for example, the liquid hydrocarbon material is the liquid fuel. In some embodiments, for example, the concentration of the metal (of the catalyst pre-cursor material) within the additive-modified liquid fuel composition is at least 0.10 mmol/L. In some embodiments, for example, the concentration of the metal (of the catalyst pre-cursor material) within the additive-modified liquid fuel composition is 0.10 mmol/L to 1.0 mmol/L, such as, for example 0.15 mmol/L to 0.85 mmol/L.
[0036] In some embodiments, for example, a process is provided for generating energy, including contacting a combustion-ready fuel composition with an oxidant. In some embodiments, for example, the contacting is effected within a reaction zone. In some embodiments, for example, the reaction zone is disposed at a temperature of at least 150 degrees Celsius. In some embodiments, for example, the reaction zone is disposed within a combustion chamber. The contacting of the combustion-ready fuel composition with the oxidant is with effect that the catalyst material is produced, which, in turn, effects catalysis of the combustion of the liquid fuel. The combustion-ready fuel composition is derived from the additive-modified liquid fuel composition. In some embodiments, for example, the combustion-ready fuel composition is the additive-modified liquid fuel composition.
[0037] In some embodiments, for example, the process further includes processing the additive-modified liquid fuel composition via a process configuration such that the combustionready fuel composition is obtained, and, during the processing, there is an absence of conversion of the catalyst pre-cursor catalyst material to a catalyst material effective for catalyzing combustion of the liquid fuel. The processing includes supplying of the combustion -ready fuel composition, derived from a source of the additive-modified liquid fuel composition, to the reaction zone. In some embodiments, for example, during the processing, the temperature of the additive-modified fuel composition is only below 150 degrees Celsius. In some embodiments, for example, during the processing, there is an absence of contacting of the additive-modified liquid fuel composition with an oxidant (such that, in some embodiments, for example, there is an absence of conversion of the catalyst pre-cursor material to a metal oxide). In some embodiments, for example, prior to the processing, the process includes admixing the liquid fuel additive composition with the liquid fuel to obtain the source of the additive-modified liquid fuel composition. By avoiding conversion of the catalyst pre-cursor material to the catalyst material, premature combustion of the liquid fuel is avoided, which could, amongst other things, result, for example, in fouling of process equipment.
[0038] In the above description, for purposes of explanation, numerous details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present disclosure. Although certain dimensions and materials are described for implementing the disclosed example embodiments, other suitable dimensions and/or materials may be used within the scope of this disclosure. All
such modifications and variations, including all suitable current and future changes in technology, are believed to be within the sphere and scope of the present disclosure. Therefore, it will be understood that certain adaptations and modifications of the described embodiments can be made and that the above discussed embodiments are considered to be illustrative and not restrictive. All references mentioned are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.
Claims
1. A liquid fuel additive composition comprising: a catalyst pre-cursor material, defined by at least one organic metal complex; wherein: each one of the at least one organic metal complex, independently, includes an organic ligand that is co-ordinated to a metal of the metal complex; and the organic ligand is derived from an ionic liquid.
2. The liquid fuel additive composition as claimed in claim 1 : wherein: the ionic liquid is a compound of formula (I):
Q-S; wherein:
Q is bonded to S via an ionic bond;
Q is of formula (II):
wherein: each one of R1, R2, and R3, independently, is hydrogen or a methyl group, with the proviso that at least one of R1, R2, and R3 is hydrogen; and
R4 is an aliphatic group or an aryl group; and
S is of formula (III):
wherein R5 is an aliphatic group.
3. The liquid fuel additive composition as claimed in claim 1 or 2; further comprising: a carrier material; wherein: the carrier material is a hydrocarbon material.
4. A liquid fuel additive composition comprising: a catalyst pre-cursor material, defined by at least one organic metal complex; wherein: each one of the at least one organic metal complex, independently, includes an organic ligand that is co-ordinated to a metal of the metal complex; and
the metal and the organic ligand co-operate such that the catalyst pre-cursor material is configured for co-operating with an oxidant, for effecting a reactive process that produces a reaction product material that includes catalyst material, in response to contacting of the catalyst pre-cursor material with the oxidant within a reaction zone, only if the temperature within the reaction zone is greater than 150 degrees Celsius.
5. The liquid fuel additive composition as claimed in claim 4; wherein: the organic ligand is derived from an ionic liquid.
6. The liquid fuel additive composition as claimed in claim 5: wherein: the ionic liquid is a compound of formula (I):
Q-S; wherein:
Q is bonded to S via an ionic bond;
Q is of formula (II):
wherein:
each one of R1, R2, and R3, independently, is hydrogen or a methyl group, with the proviso that at least one of R1, R2, and R3 is hydrogen; and
R4 is an aliphatic group or an aryl group; and
S is of formula (III):
wherein R5 is an aliphatic group.
7. The liquid fuel additive composition as claimed in any one of claims 4 to 6; further comprising: a carrier material; wherein: the carrier material is a hydrocarbon material.
8. A liquid fuel additive composition comprising: a catalyst pre-cursor material, defined by at least one organic metal complex; wherein:
each one of the at least one organic metal complex, independently, includes an organic ligand that is co-ordinated to a metal of the metal complex; and a carrier material, wherein the carrier material is a hydrocarbon material; wherein: the volumetric ratio of the catalyst pre-cursor material to the carrier material is 1 : 19 to 1 :1.
9. The liquid fuel additive composition as claimed in any one of claims 3, 7, and 8; wherein: the viscosity of the hydrocarbon material is 0.22 centipoise to 3.2 centipoise.
10. The liquid fuel additive composition as claimed in any one of claims 3, 7, 8, and 9; wherein: the hydrocarbon material, of the carrier material, is defined by at least one hydrocarbon compound, and each one of the at least one hydrocarbon compound, independently, has a total number of carbon atoms of at least five (5).
11. The liquid fuel additive composition as claimed in claim 10; wherein: the hydrocarbon material, of the carrier material, is defined by at least one hydrocarbon compound, and for each one of the at least one hydrocarbon compound, independently, the total number of carbon atoms is from six (6) to 18.
12. The liquid fuel additive composition as claimed in any one of claims 3, 7, 8, 9, and 10; wherein: the liquid fuel additive composition includes five (5) volume % to 50 volume % of catalyst pre-cursor material, based on the total volume of the liquid fuel additive composition
13. The liquid fuel additive composition as claimed in claim 12; wherein: the liquid fuel additive composition includes 50 volume % to 95 volume % of carrier material, based on the total volume of the liquid fuel additive composition
14. The liquid fuel additive composition as claimed in claim 3 or 7; wherein: the volumetric ratio of the catalyst pre-cursor material to the carrier material is 1 : 19 to 1 :1.
15. An additive-modified liquid fuel composition comprising a liquid fuel and the liquid fuel additive composition as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 14.
16. The additive-modified liquid fuel composition as claimed in claim 15; wherein:
the additive-modified liquid fuel composition comprises at least 96.7 volume % of the liquid fuel, based on the total volume of the additive-modified liquid fuel composition.
17. The additive-modified liquid fuel composition as claimed in claim 15 or 16; wherein: the concentration of the metal, of the catalyst pre-cursor material, within the additive- modified liquid fuel composition is at least 0.10 mmol/L.
18. The additive-modified liquid fuel composition as claimed in any one of claims 15 to 17; wherein: the liquid fuel is diesel.
19. The additive-modified liquid fuel composition as claimed in any one of claims 15 to 18; wherein: the additive-modified liquid fuel composition includes the carrier material; and the carrier material is a hydrocarbon material.
20. The additive-modified liquid fuel composition as claimed in claim 19; wherein: the viscosity of the hydrocarbon material, of the carrier material, is 0.22 centipoise to 3.2 centipoise.
21. The additive-modified liquid fuel composition as claimed in any one of claims 15 to 20; wherein: the volumetric ratio of the liquid fuel to the liquid fuel additive composition is 1:29 to 1:199.
22. An additive-modified liquid fuel composition comprising a liquid hydrocarbon material and a liquid fuel additive composition, wherein the liquid fuel additive composition includes a catalyst pre-cursor material defined by at least one organic metal complex; wherein: each one of the at least one organic metal complex, independently, includes an organic ligand that is co-ordinated to a metal of the metal complex; and the organic ligand is derived from an ionic liquid.
23. The liquid fuel additive composition as claimed in claim 22; wherein: the ionic liquid is a compound of formula (I):
Q-S; wherein:
Q is bonded to S via an ionic bond;
Q is of formula (II):
R4 is an aliphatic group or an aryl group; and
S is of formula (III):
wherein R5 is an aliphatic group.
24. An additive-modified liquid fuel composition comprising a liquid hydrocarbon material and a liquid fuel additive composition, wherein the liquid fuel additive composition includes a catalyst pre-cursor material defined by at least one organic metal complex; wherein: each one of the at least one organic metal complex, independently, includes an organic ligand that is co-ordinated to a metal of the metal complex; and
the metal and the organic ligand co-operate such that the catalyst pre-cursor material is configured for co-operating with an oxidant, for effecting a reactive process that produces a reaction product material that includes catalyst material, in response to contacting of the catalyst pre-cursor material with the oxidant within a reaction zone, only if the temperature within the reaction zone is greater than 150 degrees Celsius.
25. The additive-modified liquid fuel composition as claimed in claim 23 or 24; wherein: the additive-modified liquid fuel composition comprises at least 95 volume % of the liquid hydrocarbon material, based on the total volume of the additive-modified liquid fuel composition.
26. The additive-modified liquid fuel composition as claimed in any one of claims 23 to 25; wherein: the concentration of the metal, of the catalyst pre-cursor material, within the additive- modified liquid fuel composition is at least 0.10 mmol/L.
27. The additive-modified liquid fuel composition as claimed in any one of claims 23 to 26; wherein: the liquid hydrocarbon material is defined by at least one hydrocarbon compound; and each one of the at least one hydrocarbon compound of the liquid hydrocarbon material, independently, has a total number of carbon atoms of at least four (4).
28. The additive-modified liquid fuel composition as claimed in claim 27; wherein: for each one of the at least one hydrocarbon compound of the liquid hydrocarbon material, independently, the total number of carbon atoms is from four (4) to 22.
29. A process for generating energy, including processing an additive-modified liquid fuel composition, including a liquid hydrocarbon material and a catalyst pre-cursor material, via a process configuration such that a combustion-ready fuel composition is obtained, and, during the processing, there is an absence of conversion of the catalyst pre-cursor material to a catalyst material effective for catalyzing combustion of the liquid hydrocarbon material, wherein the processing includes supplying of the combustion-ready fuel composition, derived from a source of the additive-modified liquid fuel composition, to a reaction zone.
30. The process as claimed in claim 29; wherein: the absence of conversion of the catalyst pre-cursor material to a catalyst material effective for catalyzing combustion of the liquid hydrocarbon material is based on at least an absence of contacting of the additive-modified liquid fuel composition with an oxidant.
31. The process as claimed in claim 29 or 30; wherein: during the processing, the temperature of the additive-modified fuel composition is only below 150 degrees Celsius.
32. The process as claimed in any one of claims 29 to 31; further comprising: contacting the combustion-ready fuel composition with an oxidant within the reaction zone.
33. The process as claimed in any one of claims 29 to 32; further comprising: prior to the processing, admixing the liquid fuel additive composition, as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 12, with liquid fuel, including at least a portion of the liquid hydrocarbon material, to obtain the source of the additive-modified liquid fuel composition.
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Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4892562A (en) * | 1984-12-04 | 1990-01-09 | Fuel Tech, Inc. | Diesel fuel additives and diesel fuels containing soluble platinum group metal compounds and use in diesel engines |
| US5912190A (en) * | 1995-04-24 | 1999-06-15 | The Associated Octel Company Limited | Synergistic process for improving combustion |
| US20060069169A1 (en) * | 2004-09-17 | 2006-03-30 | California Institute Of Technology | Use of ionic liquids as coordination ligands for organometallic catalysts |
-
2023
- 2023-07-21 WO PCT/CA2023/050983 patent/WO2024016087A1/en unknown
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4892562A (en) * | 1984-12-04 | 1990-01-09 | Fuel Tech, Inc. | Diesel fuel additives and diesel fuels containing soluble platinum group metal compounds and use in diesel engines |
| US5912190A (en) * | 1995-04-24 | 1999-06-15 | The Associated Octel Company Limited | Synergistic process for improving combustion |
| US20060069169A1 (en) * | 2004-09-17 | 2006-03-30 | California Institute Of Technology | Use of ionic liquids as coordination ligands for organometallic catalysts |
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