WO2024098994A1 - 一种通信方法、装置、系统及列车 - Google Patents
一种通信方法、装置、系统及列车 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2024098994A1 WO2024098994A1 PCT/CN2023/121981 CN2023121981W WO2024098994A1 WO 2024098994 A1 WO2024098994 A1 WO 2024098994A1 CN 2023121981 W CN2023121981 W CN 2023121981W WO 2024098994 A1 WO2024098994 A1 WO 2024098994A1
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- optical fiber
- optical
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- train
- carrier
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- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 316
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 249
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 186
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 39
- 238000004590 computer program Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000005693 optoelectronics Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 abstract description 41
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 101001121408 Homo sapiens L-amino-acid oxidase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000827703 Homo sapiens Polyphosphoinositide phosphatase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100026388 L-amino-acid oxidase Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100023591 Polyphosphoinositide phosphatase Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 101100012902 Saccharomyces cerevisiae (strain ATCC 204508 / S288c) FIG2 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101100233916 Saccharomyces cerevisiae (strain ATCC 204508 / S288c) KAR5 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002452 interceptive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006855 networking Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000750 progressive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000644 propagated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008054 signal transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013585 weight reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B61—RAILWAYS
- B61L—GUIDING RAILWAY TRAFFIC; ENSURING THE SAFETY OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC
- B61L15/00—Indicators provided on the vehicle or train for signalling purposes
- B61L15/0018—Communication with or on the vehicle or train
- B61L15/0036—Conductor-based, e.g. using CAN-Bus, train-line or optical fibres
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
- Y02T90/16—Information or communication technologies improving the operation of electric vehicles
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of train communications, and in particular to a communication method, device, system and train.
- the train includes train communication equipment such as multimedia systems, control systems and monitoring systems.
- train communication equipment such as multimedia systems, control systems and monitoring systems.
- the network bandwidth required by each train communication equipment increases, which makes it difficult for the communication network on the train to ensure smooth communication of these train communication equipment.
- each train communication equipment In order to ensure smooth communication of each train communication equipment in the train, in the prior art, each train communication equipment usually establishes a separate and non-interfering communication network, and the communication data in different systems are transmitted through the corresponding communication network to avoid excessive network bandwidth occupation of a single communication network, thereby ensuring smooth communication of the train communication equipment.
- the method of establishing multiple communication networks requires the use of a large number of cables for wiring, which makes the wiring environment in the train complex, and a large number of cables will significantly increase the total weight of the train, which is not conducive to train weight reduction; in addition, when a certain train communication equipment needs to communicate over a long distance inside the train, the communication data is easily lost and easily affected by electromagnetic interference, resulting in poor communication quality of the train communication equipment.
- the purpose of the present invention is to provide a communication method, device, system and train, in which communication data is not easily lost and is not easily affected by electromagnetic interference, the communication quality of the train communication equipment is improved, and there is no need to establish multiple communication networks, thereby reducing the complexity of the wiring environment in the train and reducing the total weight of the train.
- the present invention provides a communication method, which is applied to a processor in any carriage of a train, wherein the processor is connected to an optical fiber ring network, and the communication method comprises:
- the feedback optical signal and all the carrier optical signals not required by the train communication equipment are combined into a second optical beam, and the second optical beam is sent to the optical fiber ring network.
- determining the carrier optical signal required by the train communication equipment in the carriage where the processor is located, and sending the carrier optical signal required by the train communication equipment to the train communication equipment comprises:
- the carrier optical signal having the first wavelength consistent with the second wavelength is sent to the train communication device.
- obtaining all carrier optical signals containing communication data in the first light beam includes:
- the first light beam is decomposed into the respective carrier light signals by using the correspondence between the preset wavelength and the communication data.
- decomposing the first light beam into each of the carrier light signals comprises:
- Combining the feedback optical signal and all the carrier optical signals not required by the train communication device into a second optical beam comprises:
- the feedback optical signal and all the carrier optical signals not required by the train communication device are synthesized into a second optical beam through wavelength division multiplexing.
- the feedback optical signal and all the carrier optical signals not required by the train communication equipment are synthesized into a second light beam, and the second light beam is sent to the optical fiber ring network, including:
- the carrier optical signal having the third identifier consistent with the second identifier and the feedback optical signal are combined into the second light beam;
- the second light beam is sent to the optical fiber ring network through the optical fiber whose first identifier is consistent with the second identifier.
- the carriage further includes a first optical fiber interface and a second optical fiber interface, the first optical fiber interface is connected to the second optical fiber interface of an adjacent carriage of the carriage through the optical fiber ring network, and the second optical fiber interface is connected to the first optical fiber interface of another adjacent carriage of the carriage through the optical fiber ring network.
- the method further includes:
- the second optical fiber interface of the carriage is set to a virtual disconnection mode, and the step of acquiring all carrier optical signals containing communication data in the first light beam is entered.
- sending the second light beam to the optical fiber ring network comprises:
- the method further includes:
- the second optical fiber interface in the control compartment is set to a conduction mode so as to send the second light beam to the optical fiber ring network through the second optical fiber interface.
- the present application also provides a communication device, including:
- a processor is used to implement the steps of the communication method as described above when executing the computer program.
- the present application also provides a communication system, comprising the communication device as described above, and further comprising:
- Optical fiber used to form an optical fiber ring network
- An optical terminal used for acquiring a first light beam in the optical fiber ring network through the optical fiber and sending it to the communication device, and transmitting a second light beam emitted by the communication device to the optical fiber ring network through the optical fiber;
- the signal interaction module is used to send the carrier optical signal sent by the communication device to the train communication equipment, and sends the communication data generated by the train communication equipment according to the carrier optical signal to the communication device.
- it also includes:
- the optoelectronic conversion module arranged between the communication device and the signal interaction module is used to convert the carrier optical signal in the form of an optical signal sent by the communication device into a carrier optical signal in the form of an electrical signal and send it to the signal interaction module, and convert the communication data in the form of an electrical signal sent by the signal interaction module into a feedback optical signal in the form of an optical signal and send it to the communication device.
- the photoelectric conversion module comprises:
- the photoelectric converter is used to convert the carrier optical signal in the form of an optical signal sent by the communication device into a first differential signal in the form of an electrical signal, and convert the second differential signal in the form of an electrical signal sent by the differential conversion module into the feedback optical signal in the form of an optical signal and send it to the communication device;
- the differential conversion module is used to convert the first differential signal in the form of an electrical signal into a carrier optical signal in the form of an electrical signal and send it to the signal interaction module, and convert the communication data in the form of an electrical signal sent by the signal interaction module into the second differential signal in the form of an electrical signal.
- the present application also provides a train, comprising a plurality of carriages, and also comprising the communication system as described above;
- the communication system is arranged in each of the carriages.
- the present invention provides a communication method, device, system and train, which relate to the field of optical fiber communication and are applied to a processor in any carriage of a train.
- the processor is connected to an optical fiber ring network.
- a first light beam in the optical fiber ring network is obtained, all carrier optical signals containing communication data in the first light beam are obtained, and the carrier optical signals required by the train communication equipment in the carriage where the processor is located are determined from these carrier optical signals.
- the carrier optical signals required by the train communication equipment are sent to the train communication equipment so that the train communication equipment generates a feedback optical signal based on the carrier optical signal.
- the feedback optical signal and all carrier optical signals not required by the train communication equipment are synthesized into a second light beam, and the second light beam is sent to the optical fiber ring network.
- optical fiber instead of cables for data transmission, communication data is not easily lost and is not easily affected by electromagnetic interference, thereby improving the communication quality of the train communication equipment; moreover, by converting the communication data of multiple train communication equipment into optical signals and merging them into one beam of light for transmission, it is not Instead of establishing multiple communication networks, only one optical fiber ring network is needed to enable multiple train communication devices to transmit data simultaneously, thus reducing the complexity of the wiring environment within the train and the total weight of the train.
- FIG1 is a flow chart of a communication method provided by the present application.
- FIG2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a fiber optic ring network provided by the present application.
- FIG3 is a schematic diagram of a single-core optical fiber provided in the present application.
- FIG4 is a schematic diagram of a multi-core optical fiber provided by the present application.
- FIG5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a communication device provided by the present application.
- FIG6 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a communication system provided by the present application.
- FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a differential conversion module provided in the present application.
- the core of the present invention is to provide a communication method, device, system and train, in which communication data is not easily lost and is not easily affected by electromagnetic interference, thereby improving the communication quality of train communication equipment, and eliminating the need to establish multiple communication networks, thereby reducing the complexity of the wiring environment within the train and reducing the total weight of the train.
- FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a communication method provided by the present application, which is applied to a processor in any carriage of a train, the processor being connected to a fiber optic ring network, and the communication method comprising:
- S2 Determine the carrier optical signal required by the train communication equipment in the carriage where the processor is located;
- S4 synthesize the feedback carrier optical signal and all carrier optical signals not required by the train communication equipment into a second light beam, and send the second light beam to the optical fiber ring network.
- each type of train communication equipment is usually networked separately to exist as a separate communication network system.
- current trains usually use cables that support 100M bandwidth and 1G bandwidth for transmission for networking.
- the monitoring system alone needs to use Ethernet with a 1G transmission rate, that is, it needs to use cables with a bandwidth of approximately 1G for data transmission. It can be seen that a single cable cannot support data transmission of all train communication equipment. Therefore, for various train communication equipment on the train, it is necessary to establish an independent communication network, and the communication networks do not interfere with each other.
- optical fiber is used instead of cables for transmission.
- its bandwidth can reach tens of THz, which is significantly higher than the bandwidth of only 100M or 1G of cables.
- One optical fiber can support data transmission for all networks on the train; the signal loss of optical fiber is low.
- the signal loss of optical fiber is low.
- the signal loss per kilometer is greater than 40dB; while when the optical fiber transmits 800MHz signal, the signal loss per kilometer is only 0.2dB, and optical fiber transmission will not be affected by electromagnetic interference. Therefore, data transmission through a common optical fiber for all networks replaces the existing use of a set of cables for data transmission in each network. Transmission not only significantly reduces wiring complexity and reduces the total weight of the train, but also improves the quality of data transmission.
- the processor of a carriage When the processor of a carriage sends communication data to the processor of another carriage, if it is detected that the processor of a carriage between the two carriages is disconnected, the processor of the carriage will send communication data to the processor of the other carriage from the opposite direction of the default transmission direction, thereby achieving the purpose of ensuring normal communication between the processors of the two carriages even when there is a processor disconnection.
- the processor of the carriage When the processor of a carriage sends communication data to the processor of another carriage, if it is detected that the processor of a carriage between the two carriages is disconnected, the processor of the carriage will send communication data to the processor of the other carriage from the opposite direction of the default transmission direction, thereby achieving the purpose of ensuring normal communication between the processors of the two carriages even when there is a processor disconnection.
- the processor in carriage A needs to send communication data to the processor in carriage C, it will be sent according to the A-B-C path by default.
- the processor in carriage A When it is detected that the processor in carriage B is disconnected, the processor in carriage A will send communication data to the processor in carriage C according to the opposite direction of the default transmission direction, that is, the A-D-C path, thereby achieving the purpose that the processors in carriages AC can communicate normally when carriage B is disconnected.
- carrier optical signals with different characteristics can be defined in advance for each train communication device, for example, carrier optical signals with different characteristics such as wavelength, wave speed or light intensity can be defined for each train communication device.
- data is transmitted in the optical fiber, and all different carrier optical signals are merged into a beam of light for transmission in one optical fiber; for the processor in each carriage, the processor is respectively connected to all train communication devices in the current carriage and connected to the optical fiber ring network.
- the carrier optical signal containing the communication data will be transmitted in the optical fiber ring network.
- the processor When the processor receives the first light beam containing the carrier optical signal, it will decompose the first light beam into multiple carrier optical signals containing communication data, and obtain the above-mentioned carrier optical signal therefrom, that is, determine the carrier optical signal required by the train communication device, and then send the carrier optical signal to the train communication device, thereby realizing the train communication device.
- the purpose of the train communication equipment is to communicate between different carriages; when the train communication equipment needs to send communication data and provide communication feedback, the train communication equipment will generate communication data or feedback data and convert it into the form of a carrier optical signal.
- the processor receives the carrier optical signal and then merges it together with the carrier optical signals that are not needed by the train communication equipment in the carriage that was decomposed last time into a new beam of light, that is, the second beam, and finally sends it to the optical fiber ring network so that the carrier optical signal can be subsequently sent to the carriage that needs communication or feedback.
- the carrier optical signals containing communication data in the first light beam are obtained, and the carrier optical signals required by the train communication equipment in the car where the processor is located are determined from these carrier optical signals, and the carrier optical signals required by the train communication equipment are sent to the train communication equipment, so that the train communication equipment generates a feedback carrier optical signal according to the carrier optical signal, and finally the feedback carrier optical signal and all the carrier optical signals not required by the train communication equipment are synthesized into a second light beam, and the second light beam is sent to the optical fiber ring network.
- optical fiber instead of cables for data transmission
- communication data is not easily lost and is not easily affected by electromagnetic interference, which improves the communication quality of train communication equipment; moreover, by converting the communication data of multiple train communication equipment into carrier optical signals and merging them into a beam of light for transmission, there is no need to establish multiple communication networks, and only one optical fiber ring network is needed to realize data transmission of multiple train communication equipment at the same time, reducing the complexity of the wiring environment in the train and reducing the total weight of the train.
- determining a carrier optical signal required by a train communication device in a carriage where the processor is located, and sending the carrier optical signal required by the train communication device to the train communication device includes:
- the carrier optical signal having the first wavelength and the second wavelength being consistent with each other is transmitted to the train communication device.
- the carrier optical signal required by the train communication equipment can be determined based on the wavelength of light. In fact, it is a beam of light composed of multiple carrier optical signals, which is equivalent to a non-zero voltage signal in the cable. The voltage signal is actually composed of multiple electrical communication data signals.
- a different optical wavelength can be defined for each train communication device in advance, that is, each train communication device corresponds to a carrier optical signal of a wavelength.
- the light beam in the optical fiber is equivalent to a beam of light composed of multiple carrier optical signals of different wavelengths.
- the first wavelength of each carrier optical signal can be detected, and the carrier optical signal whose first wavelength is consistent with the second wavelength of the train communication device is the carrier optical signal required by the train communication device.
- Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of a single-core optical fiber provided by the present application. A carrier optical signal of a wavelength can be defined in advance for each train communication device.
- the wavelength of the carrier optical signal corresponding to the control data stream emitted by the control system is ⁇ 1
- the wavelength of the carrier optical signal corresponding to the monitoring system is ⁇ 4, etc.
- acquiring all carrier optical signals containing communication data in the first light beam includes:
- the first light beam is decomposed into individual carrier light signals by using the correspondence between the preset wavelength and the communication data.
- the light beam can be decomposed according to the correspondence between the wavelength and the communication data.
- the wavelength of the carrier light signal corresponding to the control system is ⁇ 1
- the wavelength of the carrier light signal corresponding to the monitoring system is ⁇ 4, etc.
- a range can be set for the wavelength of each train communication equipment. Therefore, the wavelengths such as ⁇ 1 or ⁇ 4 mentioned here actually refer to a wavelength band, not an accurate wavelength value.
- ⁇ 1 actually refers to
- the carrier optical signal in the wavelength band of 1300nm to 1350nm does not refer to the carrier optical signal with a wavelength of 1300nm only.
- the light beam can be decomposed according to the wavelength band to obtain the carrier optical signal in each wavelength band, and the first light beam can be accurately decomposed.
- decomposing the first light beam into individual carrier optical signals includes:
- the feedback optical signal and all carrier optical signals not required by the train communication equipment are synthesized into a second optical beam, comprising:
- the feedback optical signal and all carrier optical signals not required by the train communication equipment are synthesized into a second optical beam by using wavelength division multiplexing.
- wavelength division multiplexing refers to the technology of combining multiple carrier optical signals of different wavelengths and coupling them into the same optical fiber for transmission; while demultiplexing is the technology of separating the light in the optical fiber into optical carrier signals of different wavelengths.
- wavelength division multiplexing can divide the low-loss window of the optical fiber into several channels of different wavelengths according to the wavelength.
- wavelength division multiplexer When receiving the carrier optical signals sent by each train communication device, a wavelength division multiplexer is used at the light beam transmitting end to combine these carrier optical signals of different wavelengths and send them into one optical fiber for transmission; demultiplexing is similar to wavelength division multiplexing, and a demultiplexer is used to separate the light beam into carrier optical signals of different wavelengths and send them to the corresponding train communication devices.
- wavelength division multiplexing and demultiplexing are passive devices, do not require additional power supply to power them, and also save the total energy consumption of the train. Based on this, through wavelength division multiplexing and demultiplexing, light beams can be simply decomposed and synthesized.
- the feedback optical signal and all carrier optical signals not required by the train communication equipment are synthesized into a second light beam, and the second light beam is sent to the optical fiber ring network, including:
- each carrier optical signal the carrier optical signal whose third identifier is consistent with the second identifier and the feedback optical signal are combined into a second light beam;
- the second light beam is sent to the optical fiber ring network through the optical fiber whose first identifier is consistent with the second identifier.
- a multi-core optical fiber can be used instead of a single-core optical fiber in the optical fiber ring network, and each core of the optical fiber is regarded as a transmission route for communication data.
- Each core in the multi-core optical fiber is only responsible for transmitting the communication data of a train communication device.
- Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of a multi-core optical fiber provided by this application.
- the multi-core optical fiber contains 4 cores, and these 4 cores are respectively responsible for the transmission of communication data of 4 communication systems.
- the feedback optical signal and the carrier optical signal are combined into a second light beam
- the feedback optical signal of the train communication device and the carrier optical signal belonging to the train communication device can be combined into a second light beam containing only various carrier optical signals in the train communication device, and sent to the optical fiber ring network through the optical fiber core corresponding to the train communication device.
- the number of optical fiber cores is increased, the optical fiber is equivalent to an optical cable composed of multiple cores.
- it has the advantages of simple wiring, reduced train weight and improved communication quality. Based on this, by using multi-core optical fiber and transmitting the communication data of different train communication equipment on different optical fiber cores, the bandwidth of the optical fiber ring network is improved to ensure smooth communication of the train communication equipment.
- the carriage further includes a first optical fiber interface and a second optical fiber interface, the first optical fiber interface is connected to the second optical fiber interface of an adjacent carriage of the carriage through an optical fiber ring network, and the second optical fiber interface is connected to the first optical fiber interface of another adjacent carriage of the carriage through the optical fiber ring network.
- the carrier optical signals containing communication data in the first light beam it also includes:
- the second optical fiber interface of the carriage is set to a virtual disconnection mode, and the step of acquiring all carrier optical signals containing communication data in the first light beam is entered.
- each processor will obtain the first light beam in the optical fiber and send the second light beam to the optical fiber, it can be seen that in the actual application scenario, there will be a large number of optical signals for transmission in the optical fiber.
- the optical fiber ring network is a head-to-tail signal transmission line without a line starting point and a line ending point, in this ring-shaped transmission line, the light beam sent by each processor will be repeatedly propagated in the optical fiber.
- the processor in the optical fiber ring network will repeatedly receive the same carrier optical signal and repeatedly send more second optical beams to the optical fiber ring network based on this, thereby causing serious broadcast storm failures.
- optical fiber interfaces there are two optical fiber interfaces in each car.
- One of the cars where these processors are located can be defined as the main car.
- the driver's cab or the monitoring room can be used as the main car, and one of the optical fiber interfaces of the main car can be simulated as a disconnected form, that is, the second optical fiber interface of the main car is set to a virtual disconnection mode.
- a selection switch or input resistor can be added to the second optical fiber interface.
- the second optical fiber interface is turned into a virtual disconnection form by switching the switch on and off or increasing the input resistance, so that the optical fiber ring network becomes a linear structure. Based on this, the repeated propagation of the optical beam and the carrier optical signal in the optical fiber ring network is avoided, thereby ensuring the normal transmission of the optical beam and the carrier optical signal.
- only the second optical fiber interface in one car is virtually disconnected to achieve the purpose of turning the optical fiber ring network into a linear structure, and it is not necessary for multiple cars to virtually disconnect their second optical fiber interfaces.
- sending the second light beam to the optical fiber ring network includes:
- the method further includes:
- the second optical fiber interface in the control compartment is set to a conduction mode so as to send the second light beam to the optical fiber ring network through the second optical fiber interface.
- the optical fiber ring network becomes a linear structure, and the processors of the two cars can only communicate in one direction.
- the two processors are communicating, if a processor between the two processors is disconnected, it will cause the optical fiber ring network to be disconnected for the second time and become two linear structures, resulting in the inability to communicate between the two processors. This is equivalent to a real line disconnection failure when there is already a virtual disconnection of the optical fiber interface, resulting in the inability to communicate.
- the second optical fiber interface of the main car can be restored to a normal conductive state, for example, the selection switch at the second optical fiber interface can be closed or the input resistance can be reduced, so that the second optical fiber interface can be restored from the virtual disconnection to the normal conductive state.
- the optical fiber ring network is relatively When the two linear structures are restored to one linear structure, the transmission direction of each processor is changed, and the communication between any two processors on both sides of the disconnected processor can be restored. Based on this, the normal transmission of the light beam and the carrier optical signal can be guaranteed.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a communication device provided by the present application, including:
- the processor 22 is used to implement the steps of the above-mentioned communication method when executing the computer program.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a communication system provided by the present application, including the communication device 32 as described above, and further including:
- Optical fiber 35 used to form an optical fiber ring network
- the optical terminal 31 is used to obtain the first light beam in the optical fiber ring network through the optical fiber 35 and send it to the communication device 32, and transmit the second light beam emitted by the communication device 32 to the optical fiber ring network through the optical fiber 35;
- the signal interaction module 34 is used to send the carrier optical signal sent by the communication device 32 to the train communication equipment in the train, and send the communication data generated by the train communication equipment according to the carrier optical signal to the communication device 32.
- the processor exchanges data with the train communication equipment through the signal interaction module 34, that is, the interaction between the carrier optical signal and the feedback optical signal.
- the processor obtains the light beam in the optical fiber ring network through the optical terminal 31.
- Multiple optical terminals 31 can be set, and one of the optical terminals 31 can be used as the main optical terminal 31.
- the other optical terminals 31 can be idle, and only the main optical terminal 31 is used to achieve the purpose of the communication device 32 obtaining the first light beam from the optical fiber ring network and sending the second light beam to the optical fiber ring network.
- one of the other idle optical terminals 31 can be used as a new main optical terminal 31.
- it can be used in each train. Multiple optical terminals 31 are arranged on both sides of the carriage to communicate with the carriages on the adjacent sides of the carriage respectively. Based on this, by arranging multiple optical terminals 31 and using the spare optical terminal 31 as a new main optical terminal 31 when the main optical terminal 31 fails, the normal communication of the train communication equipment can be guaranteed.
- it also includes:
- the optoelectronic conversion module 33 arranged between the communication device 32 and the signal interaction module 34 is used to convert the carrier optical signal in the form of an optical signal sent by the communication device 32 into a carrier optical signal in the form of an electrical signal and send it to the signal interaction module 34, and to convert the communication data in the form of an electrical signal sent by the signal interaction module 34 into a feedback optical signal in the form of an optical signal and send it to the communication device 32.
- a photoelectric conversion module 33 can be set between the communication device 32 and the signal interaction module 34, and the signal interaction module 34 also changes from transmitting optical signals to transmitting electrical signals.
- the communication device 32 When the communication device 32 sends the carrier optical signal to the train communication equipment, it is first converted into an electrical signal by the photoelectric conversion module 33 and sent to the signal interaction module 34, and then the signal interaction module 34 sends the electrical signal to the train communication equipment; similarly, after the train communication equipment obtains the carrier optical signal in the form of an electrical signal, a feedback signal is generated, and after the signal interaction module 34 receives the feedback signal, it is sent to the photoelectric conversion module 33, and the photoelectric conversion module 33 converts it into an optical signal, that is, a feedback optical signal, and then sends it to the communication device 32. Based on this, through photoelectric conversion, the train communication equipment that cannot perform photoelectric conversion can also receive the carrier optical signal normally.
- the photoelectric conversion module 33 includes:
- the photoelectric converter is used to convert the carrier optical signal in the form of an optical signal sent by the communication device 32 into a first differential signal in the form of an electrical signal, and convert the second differential signal in the form of an electrical signal sent by the differential conversion module into a feedback optical signal in the form of an optical signal and send it to the communication device 32;
- the differential conversion module is used to convert the first differential signal in the form of an electrical signal into a carrier optical signal in the form of an electrical signal and send it to the signal interaction module 34, and convert the electrical signal sent by the signal interaction module 34 into a carrier optical signal.
- the communication data in the form of an electric signal is converted into a second differential signal.
- the form of the electrical signal converted by the photoelectric converter is usually also a differential signal
- the photoelectric converter is responsible for the conversion between optical signals and electrical signals, that is, it is responsible for converting the carrier optical signal in the form of an optical signal into an electrical signal form, or converting the feedback signal in the form of an electrical signal into an optical signal form
- the differential conversion module is to further convert the carrier optical signal or the feedback signal.
- the photoelectric conversion module 33 converts the carrier optical signal in the form of an optical signal into an electrical signal form
- the signal in the form of an electrical signal output may belong to a high-speed differential signal.
- the differential conversion module is required to convert it into an ordinary carrier optical signal in the form of a relatively low-speed electrical signal, and then send it to the train communication equipment; similarly, when the train communication equipment sends a feedback signal in the form of an electrical signal, the differential conversion module first converts the feedback signal in the form of an electrical signal into a differential signal and then sends it to the photoelectric converter for photoelectric conversion.
- the differential conversion module performs differential conversion, it specifically converts between multi-channel feedback signals and low-channel high-speed differential signals.
- FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a differential conversion module provided by the present application.
- the electrical signal generated by the train communication equipment needs to be converted into an optical signal
- the electrical signal obtained by the signal interaction module from the train communication equipment is first obtained through the electrical signal interface, and then the number of channels of the electrical signal is determined through the MAC (Multiple Access Channel) module, and then the electrical signal is decomposed into multiple single-channel signals through the Switch module and then merged into a differential signal with fewer channels, and then a differential signal is output through the MAC module on the right, and sent to the optoelectronic conversion module through the SerDes interface.
- MAC Multiple Access Channel
- a 4-channel feedback signal is first decomposed into 4 single-channel signals, and then merged into a 2-channel differential signal to achieve the purpose of differential conversion. Based on this, by adding a differential conversion module, it is possible to ensure normal optoelectronic conversion.
- the present application also provides a train, comprising a plurality of carriages, and also comprising the communication system as described above;
- the communication system is installed in each carriage.
- each embodiment is described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments.
- the same or similar parts between the embodiments can be referred to each other.
- the description is relatively simple, and the relevant parts can be referred to the method part.
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- Optical Communication System (AREA)
Abstract
一种通信方法，涉及光纤通信领域，应用于列车的任一节车厢中的处理器（22），处理器（22）与光纤环网连接，处理器（22）和车厢中的列车通信设备进行通信数据交互，再通过处理器（22）与光纤环网进行光信号形式的通信数据的交互，实现不同车厢中的列车通信设备进行通信。通过光纤代替线缆进行数据传输的方式，通信数据不易损耗且不易受到电磁干扰的影响，提高了列车通信设备的通信质量；而且，将多个列车通信设备的通信数据转换成光信号并合并成一束光进行传输的方式，不需要建立多个通信网络，仅需要一个光纤环网即可实现多个列车通信设备同时进行数据传输，降低列车内布线环境的复杂度，减低列车的总重量。还提供一种通信装置、系统及列车。
Description
本申请要求于2022年11月08日提交至中国专利局、申请号为202211391359.7、发明名称为“一种通信方法、装置、系统及列车”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
本发明涉及列车通信领域，特别是涉及一种通信方法、装置、系统及列车。
列车中包含有多媒体系统、控制系统和监控系统等列车通信设备，而且随着列车上的功能越来越多，各个列车通信设备要求的网络带宽越来越大，导致列车上的通信网络难以保证这些列车通信设备的通信顺畅。为了保证列车中的各个列车通信设备的通信顺畅，在现有技术中，通常是每种列车通信设备均建立一个单独且互不干涉的通信网络，不同系统中的通信数据通过对应的通信网络进行传输，以避免单个通信网络的网络带宽占用过大，从而保证列车通信设备的通信顺畅，但是，建立多个通信网络的方法需要使用大量的线缆进行布线，使得列车内的布线环境复杂，而且大量的线缆会明显地增加列车的总重量，不利于列车减重；此外，当某个列车通信设备需要在列车内部进行远距离通信时，通信数据容易被损耗以及容易受到电磁干扰的影响，导致该列车通信设备的通信质量不佳。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种通信方法、装置、系统及列车，通信数据不易损耗且不易受到电磁干扰的影响，提高了列车通信设备的通信质量，而且不需要建立多个通信网络，降低列车内布线环境的复杂度，减低列车的总重量。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明提供了一种通信方法，应用于列车的任一节车厢中的处理器，所述处理器与光纤环网连接，所述通信方法包括：
当获取到所述光纤环网中的第一光束时，获取所述第一光束中所有的包含通信数据的载波光信号；
确定所述处理器所在的车厢中的列车通信设备需要的所述载波光信号；
将所述列车通信设备需要的所述载波光信号发送给所述列车通信设备，以便所述列车通信设备根据所述载波光信号生成反馈光信号；
将所述反馈光信号和所述列车通信设备不需要的所有所述载波光信号合成第二光束，并将所述第二光束发送至所述光纤环网中。
优选的，确定所述处理器所在的车厢中的列车通信设备需要的所述载波光信号，将所述列车通信设备需要的所述载波光信号发送给所述列车通信设备，包括：
确定各个所述载波光信号的第一波长；
确定所述列车通信设备需要的所述载波光信号的第二波长；
在各个所述载波光信号中，将所述第一波长与所述第二波长一致的载波光信号发送给所述列车通信设备。
优选的，获取所述第一光束中所有的包含通信数据的载波光信号，包括：
利用预设波长与通信数据之间的对应关系，将所述第一光束分解成各个所述载波光信号。
优选的，将所述第一光束分解成各个所述载波光信号，包括：
通过解波分复用将所述第一光束分解成各个所述载波光信号；
将所述反馈光信号和所述列车通信设备不需要的所有所述载波光信号合成第二光束，包括：
通过波分复用将所述反馈光信号和所述列车通信设备不需要的所有所述载波光信号合成第二光束。
优选的，当所述光纤环网中的光纤为多芯光纤时，将所述反馈光信号和所述列车通信设备不需要的所有所述载波光信号合成第二光束，并将所述第二光束发送至所述光纤环网中，包括：
确定所述光纤环网中各条光纤对应的第一标识符；
确定所述反馈光信号对应的第二标识符以及所述通信信号不需要的所
有所述载波光信号对应的第三标识符；
在各个所述载波光信号中，将所述第三标识符与所述第二标识符一致的所述载波光信号与所述反馈光信号合成所述第二光束；
通过所述第一标识符与所述第二标识符一致的所述光纤将所述第二光束发送至所述光纤环网中。
优选的，所述车厢还包括第一光纤接口和第二光纤接口，所述第一光纤接口通过所述光纤环网连接所述车厢的相邻一个车厢的所述第二光纤接口，所述第二光纤接口通过所述光纤环网连接所述车厢的相邻另一个车厢的所述第一光纤接口，在获取所述第一光束中所有的包含通信数据的载波光信号之前，还包括：
将所述车厢的所述第二光纤接口设定为虚断模式，并进入获取所述第一光束中所有的包含通信数据的载波光信号的步骤。
优选的，将所述第二光束发送至所述光纤环网中，包括：
确定需要接收所述反馈光信号的目标车厢；
通过所述第一光纤接口将所述第二光束发送至所述光纤环网中；
在通过所述第一光纤接口将所述第二光束发送至所述光纤环网中之后，还包括：
判断所述目标车厢是否成功获取到所述第二光束；
若否，则控制车厢中的所述第二光纤接口设定为导通模式，以便通过所述第二光纤接口将所述第二光束发送至所述光纤环网中。
本申请还提供一种通信装置，包括：
存储器，用于存储计算机程序；
处理器，用于执行所述计算机程序时实现如上述的通信方法的步骤。
本申请还提供一种通信系统，包括如上述所述的通信装置，还包括：
光纤，用于组成光纤环网；
光端机，用于通过所述光纤获取所述光纤环网中的第一光束并发送给所述通信装置，以及通过所述光纤发射所述通信装置发射的第二光束至所述光纤环网中；
信号交互模块，用于将所述通信装置发送的载波光信号发送给列车中
的列车通信设备，并将所述列车通信设备根据所述载波光信号生成的通信数据发送给所述通信装置。
优选的，还包括：
设置在所述通信装置和所述信号交互模块之间的光电转换模块，用于将所述通信装置发送的光信号形式的载波光信号转换成电信号形式的载波光信号并发送给所述信号交互模块，以及将所述信号交互模块发送的电信号形式的所述通信数据转换成光信号形式的反馈光信号并发送给所述通信装置。
优选的，所述光电转换模块包括：
光电转换器和差分转换模块；
所述光电转换器用于将所述通信装置发送的光信号形式的所述载波光信号转换成电信号形式的第一差分信号，并将所述差分转换模块发送的电信号形式的第二差分信号转换成光信号形式的所述反馈光信号发送给所述通信装置；
所述差分转换模块用于将电信号形式的所述第一差分信号转换成电信号形式的载波光信号并发送给所述信号交互模块，并将所述信号交互模块发送的电信号形式的通信数据转换成电信号形式的所述第二差分信号。
本申请还提供一种列车，包括多节车厢，还包括如上述的通信系统；
所述通信系统设置在各节所述车厢中。
本发明提供了一种通信方法、装置、系统及列车，涉及光纤通信领域，应用于列车的任一节车厢中的处理器，处理器与光纤环网连接，当获取到光纤环网中的第一光束时，获取第一光束中所有的包含通信数据的载波光信号，在这些载波光信号中确定出处理器所在的车厢中的列车通信设备需要的载波光信号，将其需要的载波光信号发送给列车通信设备，以便列车通信设备根据载波光信号生成反馈光信号，最后将反馈光信号和列车通信设备不需要的所有载波光信号合成第二光束，并将第二光束发送至光纤环网中。通过光纤代替线缆进行数据传输的方式，通信数据不易损耗且不易受到电磁干扰的影响，提高了列车通信设备的通信质量；而且，将多个列车通信设备的通信数据转换成光信号并合并成一束光进行传输的方式，不
需要建立多个通信网络，仅需要一个光纤环网即可实现多个列车通信设备同时进行数据传输，降低列车内布线环境的复杂度，减低列车的总重量。
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例中的技术方案，下面将对现有技术和实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本申请提供的一种通信方法的流程图；
图2为本申请提供的一种光纤环网的结构示意图；
图3为本申请提供的一种单芯光纤的示意图；
图4为本申请提供的一种多芯光纤的示意图；
图5为本申请提供的一种通信装置的结构示意图；
图6为本申请提供的一种通信系统的结构示意图；
图7为本申请提供的一种差分转换模块的结构示意图。
本发明的核心是提供一种通信方法、装置、系统及列车，通信数据不易损耗且不易受到电磁干扰的影响，提高了列车通信设备的通信质量，而且不需要建立多个通信网络，降低列车内布线环境的复杂度，减低列车的总重量。
为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
请参照图1，图1为本申请提供的一种通信方法的流程图，应用于列车的任一节车厢中的处理器，处理器与光纤环网连接，通信方法包括：
S1：当获取到光纤环网中的第一光束时，获取第一光束中所有的包含
通信数据的载波光信号；
S2：确定处理器所在的车厢中的列车通信设备需要的载波光信号；
S3：将列车通信设备需要的载波光信号发送给列车通信设备，以便列车通信设备根据载波光信号生成反馈载波光信号；
S4：将反馈载波光信号和列车通信设备不需要的所有载波光信号合成第二光束，并将第二光束发送至光纤环网中。
在目前的列车系统中，包括多媒体系统、控制系统和监控系统等列车通信设备，由于列车的网络带宽存在一定的限制，单条线缆难以支持所有列车通信设备的数据传输，因此在现有技术中，通常是每一种列车通信设备都单独组网以作为一种单独的通信网络系统存在，例如，目前的列车通常都采用支持百兆带宽和千兆带宽进行传输的线缆进行组网，然而，仅仅监控系统就需要采用千兆传输速率的以太网，也即需要采用近似为千兆带宽的线缆进行数据传输，可见单条线缆无法支持所有列车通信设备的数据传输，所以对于列车上的各种列车通信设备而言，都需要建立一套独立的通信网络，通信网络之间互不干涉。这种方式虽然能够保证所有列车通信设备都能正常进行数据传输，但是，由于每种列车通信设备都单独组网，在布置线缆时，需要为每种列车通信设备都布置一套线缆，可见，列车中会存在多套线缆，每套线缆都是连通了列车上所有车厢的线缆，这将会导致列车中的布线环境变得复杂，而且大量的线缆会明显地增加列车的总重量，此外，由于线缆的传输速率或带宽越高则抗干扰能力越差，而且通信数据在线缆中的传播距离越远，其信号损耗以及干扰越大，在列车内部的长距离数据传输过程中，列车通信设备的通信质量不佳。
为了解决上述技术问题，本申请中，通过光纤代替线缆进行传输。对于一条光纤而言，其带宽可达数十THz，明显高于线缆仅有的百兆或千兆的带宽，一条光纤就能支持列车上的所有网络进行数据传输；光纤的信号损耗低，以800MHz的信号为例，电缆在传输800MHz信号时，每公里的信号损耗大于40dB；而光纤在传输800MHz信号时，每公里的信号损耗仅为0.2dB，而且光纤传输不会受到电磁干扰的影响，因此，通过所有网络共同一条光纤进行数据传输来代替现有的每个网络单独用一套线缆进行数据传
输，不仅明显地降低了布线复杂度以及减轻了列车总重量，还提高了数据传输的质量。
考虑到由于各个车厢上的处理器通过光纤串联组成通信网络，可见，当其中一个处理器断开时，处于该处理器两侧的任两个处理器之间的通信线路也会断开，导致两个处理器之间无法通信。因此，在串联的基础上，最后一节车厢的光纤输出端再连接到第一节车厢的光纤输入端，以组成光纤环网，请参照图2，图2为本申请提供的一种光纤环网的结构示意图。在实际应用时，可以预先根据车厢的排序设定光束的默认传输方向，当某个车厢的处理器在向另一个车厢的处理器发送通信数据时，若检测到这两个车厢之间存在某个车厢的处理器断线，该车厢的处理器则会从默认传输方向的反方向来向另一个车厢的处理器发送通信数据，从而实现即使存在有处理器断线的情况时也能够保证两个车厢的处理器之间的正常通信的目的。例如，假设总共有A、B、C、D四节车厢，其光纤环网为A-B-C-D-A，将光束的默认传输方向设定为A指向D，若A车厢的处理器需要向C车厢的处理器发送通信数据，则默认会根据A-B-C路径发送，当检测到B车厢的处理器断线时，A车厢的处理器则会根据默认传输方向的反方向，也即A-D-C路径发送通信数据给C车厢的处理器，从而实现当B车厢断线时AC两个车厢的处理器也能够正常通信的目的。
为了实现在一条光纤中传输所有系统的数据，本申请中，可以预先为各个列车通信设备定义特征互不相同的载波光信号，例如为各个列车通信设备定义波长、波速或光强度等特征互不相同的载波光信号，在实际应用时，光纤中传输数据，将所有的不同的载波光信号融合成一束光在一条光纤中进行传输；对于每节车厢中的处理器而言，处理器分别连接当前这节车厢内所有的列车通信设备，并连接光纤环网，当其他车厢的某个列车通信设备向当前车厢中的该列车通信设备发送通信数据时，包含该通信数据的载波光信号会在光纤环网中传输，处理器在接收到包含该载波光信号的第一光束时，会将该第一光束分解成多个包含有通信数据的载波光信号，并从中获取到上述的载波光信号，也即确定列车通信设备需要的载波光信号，然后将该载波光信号发送给该列车通信设备，从而实现该列车通信设
备在不同车厢之间进行通信的目的；当列车通信设备需要发送通信数据以及进行通信反馈时，该列车通信设备会生成通信数据或反馈数据并将其转换成载波光信号的形式，处理器接收该载波光信号，然后将其连同上一次分解到的车厢内的列车通信设备不需要的那些载波光信号一起再融合成新的一束光，也即第二光束，最后将其发送到光纤环网中，以便后续将该载波光信号发送给需要通信或反馈的车厢处。
综上，当获取到光纤环网中的第一光束时，获取第一光束中所有的包含通信数据的载波光信号，在这些载波光信号中确定出处理器所在的车厢中的列车通信设备需要的载波光信号，将其需要的载波光信号发送给列车通信设备，以便列车通信设备根据载波光信号生成反馈载波光信号，最后将反馈载波光信号和列车通信设备不需要的所有载波光信号合成第二光束，并将第二光束发送至光纤环网中。通过光纤代替线缆进行数据传输的方式，通信数据不易损耗且不易受到电磁干扰的影响，提高了列车通信设备的通信质量；而且，将多个列车通信设备的通信数据转换成载波光信号并合并成一束光进行传输的方式，不需要建立多个通信网络，仅需要一个光纤环网即可实现多个列车通信设备同时进行数据传输，降低列车内布线环境的复杂度，减低列车的总重量。
在上述实施例的基础上：
作为一种优选的实施例，确定处理器所在的车厢中的列车通信设备需要的载波光信号，将列车通信设备需要的载波光信号发送给列车通信设备，包括：
确定各个载波光信号的第一波长；
确定列车通信设备需要的载波光信号的第二波长；
在各个载波光信号中，将第一波长与第二波长一致的载波光信号发送给列车通信设备。
为了确定出列车通信设备所需要的载波光信号，本申请中，考虑到波长是光线的明显特征之一，而且易于测量，因此可以根据光的波长来确定列车通信设备所需要的载波光信号。具体的，由于光纤中传输的一束光束
实际上是由多个载波光信号组合而成的一束光，相当于线缆中存在不为零的电压信号，该电压信号实际上是由多个电形式的通信数据信号组合而成的。而为了区分出这些载波光信号各自属于哪种列车通信设备所发送的通信数据，可以预先为各个列车通信设备定义一种互不相同的光波长，也即每种列车通信设备对应于一种波长的载波光信号，当多种列车通信设备发送的载波光信号均在光线中传输时，光纤中的光束则相当于由多种不同波长的载波光信号组合而成的一束光，在需要确定这束光中的哪些载波光信号为列车通信设备需要的载波光信号时，由于已知该列车通信设备对应的波长是第二波长，因此可以检测各个载波光信号的第一波长，将其中第一波长与列车通信设备的第二波长一致的载波光信号即为该列车通信设备所需要的载波光信号。请参照图3，图3为本申请提供的一种单芯光纤的示意图，可以预先为每个列车通信设备定义一种波长的载波光信号，控制系统发出的控制数据流对应的载波光信号的波长是λ1，监控系统对应的载波光信号的波长是λ4等，当获取到一束光时，如果检测到这束光里存在λ1波长的载波光信号，则可以确定该载波光信号是控制系统所需要的载波光信号。基于此，通过载波光信号的波长，能够简单且准确地确定出列车通信设备所需要的载波光信号。
作为一种优选的实施例，获取第一光束中所有的包含通信数据的载波光信号，包括：
利用预设波长与通信数据之间的对应关系，将第一光束分解成各个载波光信号。
为了准确地分解第一光束，本申请中，由于光束实际上是由多个不同波长的载波光信号组成的，可以根据波长和通信数据的对应关系来分解光束，具体的，根据预设的波长和通信数据的对应关系可知，控制系统对应的载波光信号的波长是λ1，监控系统对应的载波光信号的波长是λ4等，需要说明的是，由于实际应用中的列车通信设备难以保证每次发出的载波光信号都是波长完全一致的载波光信号，所以可以为各个列车通信设备的波长设定一个范围，因此，这里所说的如λ1或λ4等波长，实际上指的是一个波长段，而并非一个准确的波长值，例如，λ1实际上指的是
1300nm～1350nm的波长段中的载波光信号，而并非仅指波长为1300nm的载波光信号。基于此，可以根据波长段来分解光束，从而得到各个波长段内的载波光信号，能够准确地分解第一光束。
作为一种优选的实施例，将第一光束分解成各个载波光信号，包括：
利用解波分复用方式将第一光束分解成各个载波光信号；
将反馈光信号和列车通信设备不需要的所有载波光信号合成第二光束，包括：
利用波分复用方式将反馈光信号和列车通信设备不需要的所有载波光信号合成第二光束。
为了简单地分解和合成光束，本申请中，可以使用解波分复用方式和波分复用方式来分别分解和合成光束，具体的，波分复用指的是将多种不同波长的载波光信号汇合在一起，并耦合到同一根光纤中进行传输的技术；而解波分复用则是将光纤中的光分离成不同波长的光载波信号的技术。具体的，波分复用根据波长可以光纤的低损耗窗口划分成若干个不同波长的信道，在接收到各个列车通信设备发送过来的载波光信号时，在光束发送端采用波分复用器将这些不同波长的载波光信号合并起来送入一根光纤进行传输；解波分复用与波分复用同理，采用解波分复用器将光束分离成不同波长的载波光信号，并发送给对应的各个列车通信设备。此外，相比于其他分解和合成光束的技术而言，波分复用和解波分复用属于无源器件，不需要额外的电源为其供电，还节省了列车的总能耗。基于此，通过波分复用和解波分复用，能够简单地分解和合成光束。
作为一种优选的实施例，当光纤环网中的光纤为多芯光纤时，将反馈光信号和列车通信设备不需要的所有载波光信号合成第二光束，并将第二光束发送至光纤环网中，包括：
确定光纤环网中各条光纤对应的第一标识符；
确定反馈光信号对应的第二标识符以及通信信号不需要的所有载波光信号对应的第三标识符；
在各个载波光信号中，将第三标识符与第二标识符一致的载波光信号与反馈光信号合成第二光束；
通过第一标识符与第二标识符一致的光纤将第二光束发送至光纤环网中。
为了提高光纤环网的带宽，本申请中，考虑到随着时代的发展，列车上的各种列车通信设备所要求的网络带宽可能越来越大，可能会存在单根光纤无法实现同时传输所有的列车通信设备的通信数据的情况，因此，在光纤环网中可以采用多芯光纤而非单芯光纤，将光纤的每一根芯都视为一条通信数据的传输路线，多芯光纤中的每根芯都仅负责传输一种列车通信设备的通信数据，请参照图4，图4为本申请提供的一种多芯光纤的示意图，多芯光纤中包含4根芯，这4根芯分别负责4种通信系统的通信数据的传输。在实际应用中，在将反馈光信号与载波光信号合并成第二光束时，可以将该列车通信设备的反馈光信号以及同属于该列车通信设备的载波光信号合并仅包含成该列车通信设备内的各种载波光信号的第二光束，并将其通过该列车通信设备对应的光纤芯发送到光纤环网中。虽然增加了光纤的芯数，但是该光纤相当于是由多根芯组成的一根光缆，相比于现有技术中的多套通信网络多套线缆的方法，具备布线简单、减轻列车重量以及提高通信质量的优点。基于此，通过使用多芯光纤并在不同的光纤芯传输不同列车通信设备的通信数据，提高了光纤环网的带宽，保证列车通信设备的通信畅通。
作为一种优选的实施例，车厢还包括第一光纤接口和第二光纤接口，第一光纤接口通过光纤环网连接车厢的相邻一个车厢的第二光纤接口，第二光纤接口通过光纤环网连接车厢的相邻另一个车厢的第一光纤接口，在获取第一光束中所有的包含通信数据的载波光信号之前，还包括：
将车厢的第二光纤接口设定为虚断模式，并进入获取第一光束中所有的包含通信数据的载波光信号的步骤。
为了保证光束以及载波光信号的正常传输，本申请中，由于每个处理器都会获取光纤中的第一光束以及向光纤中发送第二光束，可见，在实际应用场景中，光纤中会存在大量的光信号进行传输，此外，考虑到光纤环网是一个不存在线路起始点和线路终止点的头尾相接的信号传输线路，在这种环形的传输线路中，每个处理器发送的光束都会在光纤中重复传播，
光纤环网中的处理器会重复收到相同的载波光信号并基于此重复发送更多数量的第二光束到光纤环网中，从而引起严重的广播风暴故障。为了避免引起广播风暴，同时保证载波光信号的正常传输，需要主动切断光纤环网以使其无法形成环形结构，具体的，每个车厢中都有两个光纤接口，可以将这些处理器所在的车厢中的一个定义为主车厢，例如可以将司机室或监控室等车厢作为主车厢，将主车厢的其中一个光纤接口模拟成断开的形式，也即将主车厢的第二光纤接口设定为虚断模式，例如，可以在第二光纤接口处增加选择开关或者输入电阻，通过开关通断或者加大输入电阻来使第二光纤接口变成虚断的形式，从而使得光纤环网变成线性结构。基于此，避免了光束和载波光信号在光纤环网中重复传播，从而保证光束以及载波光信号的正常传输。此外，为了保证光纤环网的完整性，仅需一个车厢中的第二光纤接口虚断即可实现将使得光纤环网变成线性结构的目的，不需要多个车厢均虚断其第二光纤接口。
作为一种优选的实施例，将第二光束发送至光纤环网中，包括：
确定需要接收反馈光信号的目标车厢；
通过第一光纤接口将第二光束发送至光纤环网中；
在通过第一光纤接口将第二光束发送至光纤环网中之后，还包括：
判断目标车厢是否成功获取到第二光束；
若否，则控制车厢中的第二光纤接口设定为导通模式，以便通过所述第二光纤接口将第二光束发送至光纤环网中。
为了保证光束以及载波光信号的正常传输，本申请中，由于主车厢的第二光纤接口虚断，导致光纤环网变成线性结构，两个车厢的处理器之间只能通过一个方向进行通信，当两个处理器在通信时，若存在于这两个处理器之间的某个处理器断线，则会导致光纤环网二次断开变成两个线性结构，导致这两个处理器之间无法通信，相当于在已经有光纤接口虚断的情况下，真实发生了线路断开的故障，导致其无法通信。基于此，在真实发生了线路断开的故障之后，可以将主车厢的第二光纤接口恢复成正常导通的状态，例如可以闭合第二光纤接口处的选择开关或者降低输入电阻等，从而使第二光纤接口从虚断恢复成正常的导通状态，此时，光纤环网则相
当于从两个线性结构又恢复成一个线性结构，此时再改变各个处理器的传输方向，即可恢复断线的处理器两侧的任两个处理器之间的通信。基于此，能够保证光束以及载波光信号的正常传输。
请参照图5，图5为本申请提供的一种通信装置的结构示意图，包括：
存储器21，用于存储计算机程序；
处理器22，用于执行计算机程序时实现如上述的通信方法的步骤。
对于本申请提供的一种通信装置的详细介绍，请参照上述通信方法的实施例，本申请在此不再赘述。
请参照图6，图6为本申请提供的一种通信系统的结构示意图，包括如上述的通信装置32，还包括：
光纤35，用于组成光纤环网；
光端机31，用于通过光纤35获取光纤环网中的第一光束并发送给通信装置32，以及通过光纤35发射通信装置32发射的第二光束至光纤环网中；
信号交互模块34，用于将通信装置32发送的载波光信号发送给列车中的列车通信设备，并将列车通信设备根据载波光信号生成的通信数据发送给通信装置32。
对于本申请提供的一种通信系统的详细介绍，请参照上述通信方法的实施例，本申请在此不再赘述。
为了保证列车通信设备的正常通信，本申请中，处理器通过信号交互模块34和列车通信设备进行数据交互，也即载波光信号和反馈光信号的交互，处理器通过光端机31获取光纤环网中的光束，可以设置多台光端机31，并将其中的一个光端机31作为主光端机31，在正常工作场景中，可以将其他的光端机31闲置，仅使用主光端机31来实现通信装置32从光纤环网后获取第一光束以及发送第二光束到光纤环网中的目的，当因为主光端机31处的线路断开或者主光端机31故障等原因而导致通信装置32无法通过主光端机31与光纤环网进行数据交互时，则可以将闲置的其他光端机31中的一个作为新的主光端机31使用，进一步的，在组成光纤环网时，可以在每个车
厢的两侧都设置多个光端机31，分别和车厢的相邻两侧的车厢进行通信。基于此，通过设置多个光端机31，并在主光端机31故障时将备用光端机31作为新的主光端机31使用，能够保证列车通信设备的正常通信。
在上述实施例的基础上：
作为一种优选的实施例，还包括：
设置在通信装置32和信号交互模块34之间的光电转换模块33，用于将通信装置32发送的光信号形式的载波光信号转换成电信号形式的载波光信号并发送给信号交互模块34，以及将信号交互模块34发送的电信号形式的通信数据转换成光信号形式的反馈光信号并发送给通信装置32。
为了使列车通信设备正常接收载波光信号，本申请中，考虑到实际应用的列车通信设备的型号和款式不同，部分列车通信设备本身无法进行光电转换的步骤，从而无法获取通信装置32发送的载波光信号，基于此，可以在通信装置32和信号交互模块34之间设置光电转换模块33，并且信号交互模块34也从本来传输光信号变为传输电信号，在通信装置32往列车通信设备发送载波光信号时，先通过光电转换模块33转换成电信号发送给信号交互模块34，再由信号交互模块34将电信号发送给列车通信设备；同理，在列车通信设备获取到电信号形式的载波光信号后生成反馈信号，信号交互模块34接收到该反馈信号后发给光电转换模块33，光电转换模块33将其转换成光信号，也即反馈光信号，再发送给通信装置32。基于此，通过光电转换，能够使无法进行光电转换的列车通信设备也能正常接收载波光信号。
作为一种优选的实施例，光电转换模块33包括：
光电转换器和差分转换模块；
光电转换器用于将通信装置32发送的光信号形式的载波光信号转换成电信号形式的第一差分信号，并将差分转换模块发送的电信号形式的第二差分信号转换成光信号形式的反馈光信号发送给通信装置32；
差分转换模块用于将电信号形式的第一差分信号转换成电信号形式的载波光信号并发送给信号交互模块34，并将信号交互模块34发送的电信号
形式的通信数据转换成电信号形式的第二差分信号。
为了保证正常进行光电转换，本申请中，考虑到部分光电转换器只能够转换差分信号，且光电转换器转换而成的电信号的形式通常也是差分信号，为了使所有的光电转换器都能对列车通信设备发出的反馈信号进行光电转换，需要设置光电转换器和差分转换模块，光电转换器负责光信号和电信号之间的转换，也即负责将光信号形式的载波光信号转换成电信号形式，或者将电信号形式的反馈信号转换成光信号形式，而差分转换模块则是为了进一步转换载波光信号或反馈信号，具体的，当光电转换模块33将光信号形式的载波光信号转换成电信号形式时，其输出的电信号形式的信号可能属于高速差分信号，此时需要差分转换模块将其转换成较为低速的电信号形式的普通载波光信号，再发送给列车通信设备；同理，在列车通信设备发送电信号形式的反馈信号时，差分转换模块先将电信号形式的反馈信号转换成差分信号再发送给光电转换器进行光电转换。差分转换模块在进行差分转换时，具体是将多路反馈信号与少路高速差分信号之间进行转换，请参照图7，图7为本申请提供的一种差分转换模块的结构示意图，假设需要将列车通信设备生成的电信号转换成光信号，首先通过电信号接口获取信号交互模块从列车通信设备处获取到的电信号，然后通过MAC(Multiple Access Channel，多址接入信道)模块确定电信号的信道数量，然后通过Switch模块将电信号分解成多个单路的信号再融合成信道较少的差分信号，再通过右侧的MAC模块输出一个差分信号，通过SerDes接口发送给光电转换模块，例如，将1个4路反馈信号先分解成4个单路信号，再融合成1个2路差分信号，以实现差分转换的目的。基于此，通过添加差分转换模块，能够保证正常进行光电转换。
本申请还提供一种列车，包括多节车厢，还包括如上述的通信系统；
通信系统设置在各节车厢中。
对于本申请提供的一种列车的详细介绍，请参照上述通信方法的实施例，本申请在此不再赘述。
本说明书中各个实施例采用递进的方式描述，每个实施例重点说明的都是与其他实施例的不同之处，各个实施例之间相同相似部分互相参见即可。对于实施例公开的装置而言，由于其与实施例公开的方法相对应，所以描述的比较简单，相关之处参见方法部分说明即可。
还需要说明的是，在本说明书中，诸如第一和第二等之类的关系术语仅仅用来将一个实体或者操作与另一个实体或操作区分开来，而不一定要求或者暗示这些实体或操作之间存在任何这种实际的关系或者顺序。而且，术语“包括”、“包含”或者其任何其他变体意在涵盖非排他性的包含，从而使得包括一系列要素的过程、方法、物品或者设备不仅包括那些要素，而且还包括没有明确列出的其他要素，或者是还包括为这种过程、方法、物品或者设备所固有的要素。在没有更多限制的情况下，由语句“包括一个……”限定的要素，并不排除在包括所述要素的过程、方法、物品或者设备中还存在另外的相同要素。
Claims (12)
- 一种通信方法，其特征在于，应用于列车的任一节车厢中的处理器，所述处理器与光纤环网连接，所述通信方法包括：当获取到所述光纤环网中的第一光束时，获取所述第一光束中所有的包含通信数据的载波光信号；确定所述处理器所在的车厢中的列车通信设备需要的所述载波光信号；将所述列车通信设备需要的所述载波光信号发送给所述列车通信设备，以便所述列车通信设备根据所述载波光信号生成反馈光信号；将所述反馈光信号和所述列车通信设备不需要的所有所述载波光信号合成第二光束，并将所述第二光束发送至所述光纤环网中。
- 如权利要求1所述的通信方法，其特征在于，确定所述处理器所在的车厢中的列车通信设备需要的所述载波光信号，将所述列车通信设备需要的所述载波光信号发送给所述列车通信设备，包括：确定各个所述载波光信号的第一波长；确定所述列车通信设备需要的所述载波光信号的第二波长；在各个所述载波光信号中，将所述第一波长与所述第二波长一致的载波光信号发送给所述列车通信设备。
- 如权利要求2所述的通信方法，其特征在于，获取所述第一光束中所有的包含通信数据的载波光信号，包括：利用预设波长与通信数据之间的对应关系，将所述第一光束分解成各个所述载波光信号。
- 如权利要求3所述的通信方法，其特征在于，将所述第一光束分解成各个所述载波光信号，包括：通过解波分复用将所述第一光束分解成各个所述载波光信号；将所述反馈光信号和所述列车通信设备不需要的所有所述载波光信号合成第二光束，包括：通过波分复用将所述反馈光信号和所述列车通信设备不需要的所有所述载波光信号合成第二光束。
- 如权利要求1所述的通信方法，其特征在于，当所述光纤环网中的 光纤为多芯光纤时，将所述反馈光信号和所述列车通信设备不需要的所有所述载波光信号合成第二光束，并将所述第二光束发送至所述光纤环网中，包括：确定所述光纤环网中各条光纤对应的第一标识符；确定所述反馈光信号对应的第二标识符以及所述通信信号不需要的所有所述载波光信号对应的第三标识符；在各个所述载波光信号中，将所述第三标识符与所述第二标识符一致的所述载波光信号与所述反馈光信号合成所述第二光束；通过所述第一标识符与所述第二标识符一致的所述光纤将所述第二光束发送至所述光纤环网中。
- 如权利要求1至5任一项所述的通信方法，其特征在于，所述车厢还包括第一光纤接口和第二光纤接口，所述第一光纤接口通过所述光纤环网连接所述车厢的相邻一个车厢的所述第二光纤接口，所述第二光纤接口通过所述光纤环网连接所述车厢的相邻另一个车厢的所述第一光纤接口，在获取所述第一光束中所有的包含通信数据的载波光信号之前，还包括：将所述车厢的所述第二光纤接口设定为虚断模式，并进入获取所述第一光束中所有的包含通信数据的载波光信号的步骤。
- 如权利要求6所述的通信方法，其特征在于，将所述第二光束发送至所述光纤环网中，包括：确定需要接收所述反馈光信号的目标车厢；通过所述第一光纤接口将所述第二光束发送至所述光纤环网中；在通过所述第一光纤接口将所述第二光束发送至所述光纤环网中之后，还包括：判断所述目标车厢是否成功获取到所述第二光束；若否，则控制车厢中的所述第二光纤接口设定为导通模式，以便通过所述第二光纤接口将所述第二光束发送至所述光纤环网中。
- 一种通信装置，其特征在于，包括：存储器，用于存储计算机程序；处理器，用于执行所述计算机程序时实现如权利要求1至7任一项所 述的通信方法的步骤。
- 一种通信系统，其特征在于，包括如权利要求8所述的通信装置，还包括：光纤，用于组成光纤环网；光端机，用于通过所述光纤获取所述光纤环网中的第一光束并发送给所述通信装置，以及通过所述光纤发射所述通信装置发射的第二光束至所述光纤环网中；信号交互模块，用于将所述通信装置发送的载波光信号发送给列车中的列车通信设备，并将所述列车通信设备根据所述载波光信号生成的通信数据发送给所述通信装置。
- 如权利要求9所述的通信系统，其特征在于，还包括：设置在所述通信装置和所述信号交互模块之间的光电转换模块，用于将所述通信装置发送的光信号形式的载波光信号转换成电信号形式的载波光信号并发送给所述信号交互模块，以及将所述信号交互模块发送的电信号形式的所述通信数据转换成光信号形式的反馈光信号并发送给所述通信装置。
- 如权利要求9所述的通信系统，其特征在于，所述光电转换模块包括：光电转换器和差分转换模块；所述光电转换器用于将所述通信装置发送的光信号形式的所述载波光信号转换成电信号形式的第一差分信号，并将所述差分转换模块发送的电信号形式的第二差分信号转换成光信号形式的所述反馈光信号发送给所述通信装置；所述差分转换模块用于将电信号形式的所述第一差分信号转换成电信号形式的载波光信号并发送给所述信号交互模块，并将所述信号交互模块发送的电信号形式的通信数据转换成电信号形式的所述第二差分信号。
- 一种列车，其特征在于，包括多节车厢，还包括如权利要求9至11任一项所述的通信系统；所述通信系统设置在各节所述车厢中。
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