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WO2024082138A1 - 电池单体、电池及用电设备 - Google Patents

电池单体、电池及用电设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024082138A1
WO2024082138A1 PCT/CN2022/125955 CN2022125955W WO2024082138A1 WO 2024082138 A1 WO2024082138 A1 WO 2024082138A1 CN 2022125955 W CN2022125955 W CN 2022125955W WO 2024082138 A1 WO2024082138 A1 WO 2024082138A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
main body
battery cell
wing
pole ear
root
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2022/125955
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
徐良帆
周文林
张倩倩
李星
李全坤
牛少军
金海族
Original Assignee
宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 filed Critical 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Priority to CN202280087315.7A priority Critical patent/CN118696459A/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2022/125955 priority patent/WO2024082138A1/zh
Publication of WO2024082138A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024082138A1/zh

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/572—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge
    • H01M50/584—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge for preventing incorrect connections inside or outside the batteries
    • H01M50/59—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge for preventing incorrect connections inside or outside the batteries characterised by the protection means
    • H01M50/593—Spacers; Insulating plates

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of batteries, and in particular to a battery cell, a battery and an electrical device.
  • Batteries are widely used in the field of new energy, such as electric vehicles and new energy vehicles. New energy vehicles and electric vehicles have become a new trend in the development of the automotive industry. The development of battery technology must consider multiple design factors at the same time, such as performance parameters such as energy density, cycle life, discharge capacity, and charge and discharge rate. In addition, the safety of the battery also needs to be considered. However, the safety of battery cells is currently poor.
  • the purpose of the embodiments of the present application is to provide a battery cell, a battery and an electrical device, which are intended to improve the problem of poor safety of battery cells in the related art.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a battery cell, which includes a shell, an electrode assembly and a support member, wherein the shell has a wall portion; the electrode assembly has a main body portion and a pole ear, and along a first direction, the pole ear protrudes from one end of the main body portion facing the wall portion, and the pole ear includes a root portion and a pole ear portion, and the root portion connects the main body portion and the pole ear portion; the support member is arranged on a side of the main body portion facing the wall portion, the support member includes a wing portion, and the pole ear portion is bent around the wing portion; wherein the wing portion is provided with a accommodating portion, and the accommodating portion is used to accommodate a part of the root portion.
  • a support is provided between the wall and the main body of the battery cell, and the pole ear is bent around the wing of the support, so that the pole ear is gathered along a fixed shape, which can protect the pole ear and make it difficult for the pole ear to be forked and inserted, thereby improving the safety of the battery cell.
  • the hardness of the root of the pole ear is relatively large. Along the first direction, the highest position of the root exceeds the connection position between the root and the pole ear. The total space occupied by the wing and the root is large, resulting in a low energy density of the battery cell.
  • an accommodating portion is provided on the wing of the support, and the root of the pole ear can be accommodated in the accommodating portion, so that the total space occupied by the wing and the root is reduced, and the space left for the main body can be relatively increased, which is beneficial to improving the energy density of the battery cell.
  • the wing portion has a first surface facing the main body portion, and the accommodating portion is an accommodating groove recessed from the first surface in a direction away from the main body portion.
  • the accommodating portion is a groove formed in the wing portion, and along the first direction, the accommodating portion is recessed from the surface of the wing portion facing the main body portion toward the surface of the wing portion facing away from the main body portion.
  • the accommodating portion is a groove, it can accommodate a part of the root portion, thereby reducing the total space occupied by the wing portion and the root portion, and can also make the wing portion have a higher strength.
  • the wing portion along the first direction, has a first surface facing the main body portion and a second surface away from the main body portion, and the accommodating portion is a through hole penetrating the first surface and the second surface.
  • the accommodating portion is a through hole opened in the wing portion, and along the first direction, the accommodating portion penetrates the surface of the wing portion facing the main body portion and the surface of the wing portion away from the main body portion.
  • the accommodating portion is a through hole, more accommodating space can be provided for the root portion, so that most of the root portion can be accommodated in the accommodating portion or the root portion is allowed to pass through the accommodating portion, so that the total space occupied by the wing portion and the root portion is further reduced, which is conducive to improving the energy density of the battery cell.
  • the wing portion also includes a supporting portion, and along the second direction, the supporting portion is located on one side of the accommodating portion, the pole ear portion is bent around the supporting portion, and the supporting portion is used to support the pole ear portion, and the second direction is perpendicular to the first direction.
  • the wing portion is provided with a support portion, which can support the pole ear portion, so that the pole ear portion bent around the support portion can maintain a fixed shape and be folded, and the pole ear portion is not easy to deform, so that the pole ear is not easy to fork and insert, thereby improving the safety of the battery cell. If the pole ear portion is not supported by the support portion, the pole ear portion is easy to deform when subjected to external force, and cannot maintain a fixed shape and be folded.
  • a reinforcement portion is provided in the accommodating portion.
  • a reinforcing portion is provided in the accommodating portion to strengthen the strength of the wing portion, so that the wing portion is not easily deformed, thereby maintaining a fixed shape of the pole ear portion, reducing the risk of pole ear damage caused by wing deformation, and improving the safety of the battery cell.
  • the pole ear can easily contact the connecting position between the side wall of the accommodating portion and the first surface.
  • the risk of the pole ear being cut is reduced, which is beneficial to improving the safety of the battery cell.
  • the size of the accommodating portion is larger than the size of the root portion; and the third direction is perpendicular to the first direction.
  • the size of the accommodating portion along the third direction is larger than the size of the root portion along the third direction, it is helpful to reduce the requirements for the assembly accuracy of the support member, so that even if there is a certain deviation in the position of the support member, the root portion can extend into the accommodating portion.
  • the wing portion along the first direction, has a first surface facing the main body portion; along the second direction, the wing portion has a first end and a second end arranged opposite to each other, and the pole ear portion is bent around the second end; the first surface is an inclined surface, and along the direction from the first end to the second end, the distance between the inclined surface and the main body portion in the first direction gradually decreases, so as to form the accommodating portion on the side of the wing portion facing the main body portion.
  • the first surface is set as an inclined surface, and the first end is farther away from the main body than the second end, so that the space between the first end and the main body is larger than the space between the second end and the main body, so that an accommodating portion is formed at a position close to the first end, so that the root is accommodated in the accommodating portion, and the total space occupied by the wing and the root is reduced, which is beneficial to improving the energy density of the battery cell.
  • the wing portion has a second surface facing away from the main body portion, and the second surface is perpendicular to the first direction.
  • the second surface is a plane, and the second surface is perpendicular to the first direction.
  • the wing portion can be regarded as gradually thinning in a direction from the second end to the first end to form a receiving portion on a side of the wing portion facing the main body.
  • the portion of the root portion farthest from the main body portion is accommodated in the accommodation portion.
  • the total space occupied by the wing and the root is reduced, which is beneficial to improving the energy density of the battery cell.
  • the pole ear portion includes a first connecting portion, a second connecting portion and a bending portion, the bending portion connects the first connecting portion and the second connecting portion, the first connecting portion is connected to the root portion, and along the first direction, the first connecting portion and the second connecting portion are respectively located on both sides of the wing portion.
  • the first connection part is connected to the root part, and the second connection part is used to connect to the conductive member to facilitate the output of the electric energy of the battery cell.
  • the first connection part and the second connection part are respectively located on both sides of the wing part and are connected through the bending part. In this way, the pole ear part is gathered along a fixed shape, and the pole ear is reshaped, so that the pole ear is not easy to fork and insert, thereby improving the safety of the battery cell.
  • the support member includes a main body portion, and the wing portion is provided on at least one side of the main body portion along the second direction, the pole ear portion is bent around one end of the wing portion away from the main body portion, and the main body portion is used to abut against the main body portion, and the second direction is perpendicular to the first direction.
  • the main body when the battery cell is inverted, the main body can support the main body, so that the gravity of the main body is not easily transmitted to the tab, and it is not easy to cause the tab to fork and insert, thereby improving the safety of the battery cell.
  • the main body can also abut against the main body, so that the external force is not easily transmitted to the tab through the main body, and it is not easy to cause the tab to fork and insert, thereby improving the safety of the battery cell.
  • the wing portions are provided on both sides of the main body portion, the electrode assembly has two pole ears, the support member is located between the two pole ears, and the pole ear portion of one pole ear is bent around a corresponding wing portion.
  • a support member can shape the two pole ears on both sides of the support member, making it difficult for the two pole ears to be forked and inserted, thereby improving the safety of the battery cell.
  • the wall portion is directly connected to the pole ear portion.
  • the tab is directly electrically connected to the wall portion, and the electrical energy of the battery cell is output or input through the wall portion.
  • the battery cell includes an electrode terminal, the electrode terminal is arranged on the wall portion, and the electrode terminal is directly connected to the pole ear portion.
  • the tabs are connected to the electrode terminals, and the electrical energy of the battery cells is output or input through the electrode terminals.
  • the battery cell includes an electrode terminal and a current collecting component, the electrode terminal is arranged on the wall portion; the current collecting component is electrically connected to the electrode terminal, and the current collecting component is directly connected to the pole ear portion.
  • the electrode tab is connected to the current collecting member, the current collecting member is connected to the electrode terminal, and the electric energy of the battery cell is output or input through the electrode terminal.
  • an embodiment of the present application further provides a battery, which includes the above-mentioned battery cell.
  • an embodiment of the present application further provides an electrical device, wherein the electrical device comprises the above-mentioned battery, and the battery is used to provide electrical energy to the electrical device.
  • FIG1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a vehicle provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG2 is an exploded view of a battery provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG3 is an exploded view of a battery cell provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a battery cell provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG5 is a schematic top view of a battery cell provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • Fig. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the B-B position in Fig. 5 (the accommodating portion is an accommodating groove);
  • FIG7 is a schematic diagram of the front structure of a support member provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG8 is a schematic diagram of the reverse structure of a support member provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • Fig. 9 is a cross-sectional view of the position B-B in Fig. 5 (the receiving portion is a through hole);
  • FIG10 is a schematic diagram of the front structure of a support member provided in some other embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG11 is a schematic diagram of the reverse structure of a support member provided in some other embodiments of the present application.
  • Fig. 12 is a cross-sectional view of the B-B position in Fig. 5 (the accommodating portion is formed by thinning).
  • Icons 10-housing; 11-first part; 12-second part; 20-battery cell; 21-housing; 211-end cover; 212-liquid injection hole; 213-electrode terminal; 214-pressure relief mechanism; 215-insulating member; 216-housing; 22-electrode assembly; 221-main body; 222-ear; 2221-root; 2222-ear part; 22221-first connecting part; 22222-bending part; 22223-second connecting part; 24-support member; 241-wing; 2411-accommodating part; 2412-first surface; 2413-second surface; 2414-support part; 242-main body; 243-reinforcement part; 25-current collecting member; 100-battery; 200-controller; 300-motor; 1000-vehicle.
  • the terms “installed”, “connected”, “connected”, and “attached” should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a direct connection, or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two elements.
  • installed should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a direct connection, or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two elements.
  • a and/or B can represent: A exists alone, A and B exist at the same time, and B exists alone.
  • the character "/" in this application generally indicates that the associated objects before and after are in an "or" relationship.
  • battery cells may include lithium-ion secondary battery cells, lithium-ion primary battery cells, lithium-sulfur battery cells, sodium-lithium-ion battery cells, sodium-ion battery cells or magnesium-ion battery cells, etc., and the embodiments of the present application do not limit this.
  • Battery cells may be cylindrical, flat, rectangular or other shapes, etc., and the embodiments of the present application do not limit this. Battery cells are generally divided into three types according to the packaging method: cylindrical battery cells, square battery cells and soft-pack battery cells, and the embodiments of the present application do not limit this.
  • the battery mentioned in the embodiments of the present application refers to a single physical module including one or more battery cells to provide higher voltage and capacity.
  • the battery mentioned in the present application may include a battery module or a battery pack.
  • the battery generally includes a box for encapsulating one or more battery cells. The box can prevent liquid or other foreign matter from affecting the charging or discharging of the battery cells.
  • the battery cell includes an electrode assembly and an electrolyte.
  • the electrode assembly is composed of a positive electrode sheet, a negative electrode sheet and a separator.
  • the battery cell mainly relies on the movement of metal ions between the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet to work.
  • the positive electrode sheet includes a positive electrode collector and a positive electrode active material layer.
  • the positive electrode active material layer is coated on the surface of the positive electrode collector.
  • the positive electrode collector not coated with the positive electrode active material layer protrudes from the positive electrode collector coated with the positive electrode active material layer.
  • the positive electrode collector not coated with the positive electrode active material layer serves as a positive sub-pole ear.
  • the material of the positive electrode collector can be aluminum, and the positive electrode active material can be lithium cobalt oxide, lithium iron phosphate, ternary lithium or lithium manganese oxide, etc.
  • the negative electrode sheet includes a negative electrode collector and a negative electrode active material layer.
  • the negative electrode active material layer is coated on the surface of the negative electrode collector.
  • the negative electrode collector not coated with the negative electrode active material layer protrudes from the negative electrode collector coated with the negative electrode active material layer.
  • the negative electrode collector not coated with the negative electrode active material layer serves as a negative sub-pole ear.
  • the material of the negative electrode collector can be copper, and the negative electrode active material can be carbon or silicon, etc.
  • the number of positive pole ears is multiple and stacked together, and the number of negative pole ears is multiple and stacked together.
  • the material of the isolation film can be PP (polypropylene) or PE (polyethylene).
  • the electrode assembly can be a winding structure or a laminated structure, and the embodiments of the present application are not limited to this.
  • Batteries are not only used in energy storage power systems such as hydropower, thermal power, wind power and solar power stations, but also widely used in electric vehicles such as electric bicycles, electric motorcycles, electric cars, as well as military equipment and aerospace and other fields. With the continuous expansion of battery application areas, its market demand is also constantly expanding.
  • the battery cell includes an electrode assembly, which is a component in the battery cell where an electrochemical reaction occurs.
  • the electrode assembly is mainly formed by winding or stacking the positive and negative electrode sheets, and a separator is usually provided between the positive and negative electrode sheets.
  • the parts of the positive and negative electrode sheets with active materials constitute the main body of the electrode assembly, and the parts of the positive and negative electrode sheets without active materials each constitute a sub-electrode ear.
  • the number of sub-electrode ears is multiple and stacked together to form an electrode ear.
  • the end of the electrode ear away from the main body is electrically connected to other conductive components to output the electrical energy of the battery cell.
  • the electrode ear After the electrode ear is electrically connected to the conductive component, a part of the length is left, and this part of the electrode ear is located between the conductive component and the main body without constraints. This makes the electrode ear prone to deformation and bifurcation when subjected to external force, and the bifurcated part is easily inserted into the main body, and contacts with the positive or negative electrode sheet in the main body, thereby causing a short circuit, which can cause fire or even explosion in severe cases, resulting in poor safety of the battery cell.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a battery cell, which includes a shell, an electrode assembly and a support member.
  • the shell has a wall portion.
  • the electrode assembly has a main body and a pole ear, and along a first direction, the pole ear protrudes from one end of the main body facing the wall portion.
  • the pole ear includes a root portion and a pole ear portion, and the root portion connects the main body and the pole ear portion.
  • the support member is arranged on a side of the main body facing the wall portion.
  • the support member includes a wing portion, and the pole ear portion is bent around the wing portion.
  • the wing portion is provided with a receiving portion, and the receiving portion is used to receive a part of the root portion.
  • a support is provided between the wall and the main body of the battery cell, and the pole ear is bent around the wing of the support so that the pole ear is gathered along a fixed shape, which can protect the pole ear and make it difficult for the pole ear to fork and insert, thereby improving the safety of the battery cell.
  • the hardness of the root of the pole ear is relatively large.
  • the highest position of the root exceeds the connection position of the root and the pole ear.
  • the total space occupied by the wing and the root is large, resulting in a low energy density of the battery cell.
  • a receiving portion is provided on the wing of the support member, and the root of the pole ear can be accommodated in the receiving portion, so that the total space occupied by the wing and the root is reduced, and the space left for the main body can be relatively increased, which is conducive to improving the energy density of the battery cell.
  • Electrical equipment may be vehicles, mobile phones, portable devices, laptops, ships, spacecraft, electric toys, and electric tools, etc.
  • Spacecraft include airplanes, rockets, space shuttles, and spacecrafts, etc.
  • electric toys include fixed or mobile electric toys, such as game consoles, electric car toys, electric ship toys, and electric airplane toys, etc.
  • electric tools include metal cutting electric tools, grinding electric tools, assembly electric tools, and railway electric tools, such as electric drills, electric grinders, electric wrenches, electric screwdrivers, electric hammers, impact drills, concrete vibrators, and electric planers, etc.
  • the embodiments of the present application do not impose any special restrictions on the above-mentioned electrical equipment.
  • the following embodiments are described by taking the electric device as a vehicle 1000 as an example.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a vehicle 1000 provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • the vehicle 1000 may be a fuel vehicle, a gas vehicle or a new energy vehicle, and the new energy vehicle may be a pure electric vehicle, a hybrid vehicle or an extended-range vehicle, etc.
  • a battery 100 is provided inside the vehicle 1000, and the battery 100 may be provided at the bottom, head or tail of the vehicle 1000.
  • the battery 100 may be used to power the vehicle 1000, for example, the battery 100 may be used as an operating power source for the vehicle 1000.
  • the vehicle 1000 may also include a controller 200 and a motor 300, and the controller 200 is used to control the battery 100 to power the motor 300, for example, for the starting, navigation and driving power requirements of the vehicle 1000.
  • the battery 100 can not only serve as an operating power source for the vehicle 1000, but also serve as a driving power source for the vehicle 1000, replacing or partially replacing fuel or natural gas to provide driving power for the vehicle 1000.
  • FIG. 2 is an exploded view of a battery 100 provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • the battery 100 includes a box 10 and a battery cell 20, and the battery cell 20 is contained in the box 10.
  • the box 10 is used to provide a storage space for the battery cell 20, and the box 10 can adopt a variety of structures.
  • the box 10 may include a first part 11 and a second part 12, and the first part 11 and the second part 12 cover each other, and the first part 11 and the second part 12 jointly define a storage space for accommodating the battery cell 20.
  • the second part 12 may be a hollow structure with one end open, and the first part 11 may be a plate-like structure, and the first part 11 covers the open side of the second part 12, so that the first part 11 and the second part 12 jointly define a storage space; the first part 11 and the second part 12 may also be hollow structures with one side open, and the open side of the first part 11 covers the open side of the second part 12.
  • the box 10 formed by the first part 11 and the second part 12 can be in a variety of shapes, such as a cylinder, a cuboid, etc.
  • the battery 100 there may be multiple battery cells 20, and the multiple battery cells 20 may be connected in series, in parallel, or in a mixed connection.
  • a mixed connection means that the multiple battery cells 20 are both connected in series and in parallel.
  • the multiple battery cells 20 may be directly connected in series, in parallel, or in a mixed connection, and then the whole formed by the multiple battery cells 20 is accommodated in the box 10; of course, the battery 100 may also be a battery module formed by connecting multiple battery cells 20 in series, in parallel, or in a mixed connection, and then the multiple battery modules are connected in series, in parallel, or in a mixed connection to form a whole, and accommodated in the box 10.
  • the battery 100 may also include other structures, for example, the battery 100 may also include a busbar component for realizing electrical connection between the multiple battery cells 20.
  • Each battery cell 20 may be a secondary battery cell or a primary battery cell, or a lithium-sulfur battery cell, a sodium-ion battery cell, or a magnesium-ion battery cell, but is not limited thereto.
  • the battery cell 20 may be cylindrical, flat, rectangular, or in other shapes.
  • Figure 3 is an exploded view of a battery cell 20 provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a battery cell 20 provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of a top view of a battery cell 20 provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view of the B-B position in Figure 5 (the accommodating portion 2411 is an accommodating groove).
  • the present application provides a battery cell 20, which includes a housing 21, an electrode assembly 22 and a support member 24.
  • the housing 21 has a wall portion.
  • the electrode assembly 22 has a main body 221 and a pole ear 222, and along a first direction, the pole ear 222 protrudes from one end of the main body 221 facing the wall portion.
  • the pole ear 222 includes a root 2221 and a pole ear portion 2222, and the root 2221 connects the main body 221 and the pole ear portion 2222.
  • the support member 24 is arranged on the side of the main body 221 facing the wall portion.
  • the support member 24 includes a wing portion 241, and the pole ear portion 2222 is bent around the wing portion 241.
  • the wing portion 241 is provided with a receiving portion 2411 , and the receiving portion 2411 is used to receive a portion of the root portion 2221 .
  • the housing 21 includes an end cap 211 and a shell 216.
  • the shell 216 has a receiving space with one end open, and the receiving space is used to receive the electrode assembly 22.
  • the end cap 211 is connected to the shell 216 and closes the opening.
  • the end cap 211 refers to a component that covers the opening of the shell 216 to isolate the internal environment of the battery cell 20 from the external environment.
  • the shape of the end cap 211 can be adapted to the shape of the shell 216 to match the shell 216.
  • the end cap 211 can be made of a material with a certain hardness and strength (such as aluminum alloy), so that the end cap 211 is not easily deformed when squeezed and collided, so that the battery cell 20 can have a higher structural strength and the safety performance can also be improved.
  • the material of the end cap 211 can also be a variety of materials, such as copper, iron, aluminum, stainless steel, aluminum alloy, plastic, etc., and the embodiment of the present application does not impose any special restrictions on this.
  • the battery cell 20 also includes an electrode terminal 213, and the electrode terminal 213 is arranged on the end cap 211.
  • the electrode terminal 213 can be used to be electrically connected to the electrode assembly 22 for outputting or inputting electrical energy of the battery cell 20.
  • the battery cell 20 further includes a pressure relief mechanism 214, which is disposed on the end cover 211.
  • the pressure relief mechanism 214 is used to open when the internal pressure or temperature of the battery cell 20 reaches the detonation pressure to release the internal pressure of the battery cell 20.
  • the battery cell 20 further includes an insulating member 215, which is disposed on the inner side of the end cover 211.
  • the insulating member 215 can be used to isolate the electrical connection components in the housing 216 from the end cover 211 to reduce the risk of short circuit.
  • the insulating member 215 can be plastic, rubber, etc.
  • the battery cell 20 further includes an injection hole 212, which is disposed on the end cover 211. The electrolyte can be injected into the interior of the battery cell 20 through the injection hole 212.
  • the shell 216 is a component used to cooperate with the end cap 211 to form the internal environment of the battery cell 20, wherein the formed internal environment can be used to accommodate the electrode assembly 22, the electrolyte and other components.
  • the shell 216 and the end cap 211 can be independent components, and an opening can be set on the shell 216, and the internal environment of the battery cell 20 is formed by covering the opening with the end cap 211 at the opening.
  • the end cap 211 and the shell 216 can also be integrated. Specifically, the end cap 211 and the shell 216 can form a common joint surface before other components are put into the shell, and when the interior of the shell 216 needs to be encapsulated, the end cap 211 covers the shell 216.
  • the shell 216 can be of various shapes and sizes, such as a rectangular parallelepiped, a cylindrical shape, a hexagonal prism, etc. Specifically, the shape of the shell 216 can be determined according to the specific shape and size of the electrode assembly 22.
  • the material of the shell 216 can be various, such as copper, iron, aluminum, stainless steel, aluminum alloy, plastic, etc., and the embodiment of the present application does not impose any special restrictions on this.
  • the housing 21 has a plurality of walls, such as a bottom wall, a side wall, and a top wall.
  • the wall portion specifically refers to a wall of the plurality of walls that is opposite to the pole lug 222.
  • the wall portion refers to the bottom wall of the housing 216.
  • the wall portion refers to the top wall of the housing 216.
  • the wall portion refers to the side wall.
  • the wall portion may also refer to the end cover 211.
  • the electrode assembly 22 is a component in the battery cell 20 where electrochemical reactions occur.
  • One or more electrode assemblies 22 may be included in the housing 21.
  • the electrode assembly 22 is mainly formed by winding or stacking the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet, and a separator is usually provided between the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet.
  • the parts of the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet with active materials constitute the main body 221 of the electrode assembly 22, and the parts of the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet without active materials each constitute a sub-electrode ear. In order to ensure that a large current passes without melting, the number of sub-electrode ears is multiple and they are stacked together to form the pole ear 222.
  • the positive pole ear and the negative pole ear can be located together at one end of the main body 221 or at both ends of the main body 221.
  • the positive electrode active material and the negative electrode active material react with the electrolyte, and the pole ear 222 connects the electrode terminal 213 to form a current loop.
  • the tabs 222 protrude from the main body 221 so as to be connected to the electrode terminals 213 to output the electric energy of the battery cell 20 or input the electric energy into the battery cell 20 .
  • the tab 222 protrudes from one end of the main body 221 along the first direction.
  • the first direction may be direction A shown in the figures.
  • the first direction may also be understood as the thickness direction of the wall or support member 24 .
  • the root 2221 is the part where multiple sub-ears 222 begin to protrude from the main body 221 and converge and stack together.
  • the root 2221 is usually hard and not easy to bend.
  • the ear portion 2222 is the other part of the ear 222 except the root 2221. Compared with the root 2221, the ear portion 2222 is easier to bend, and is prone to deformation and bifurcation when subjected to external force without constraint.
  • the dividing line between the root 2221 and the ear portion 2222 is shown by a dotted line to facilitate the display of the position of the root 2221 and the ear portion 2222.
  • the dotted line here is only for showing the position of the root 2221 and the ear portion 2222, and has no other meaning.
  • the support member 24 is located in the housing 21 and is located on the side of the main body 221 facing the wall.
  • the pole ear 222 is bent around the support member 24, and the support member 24 can support the pole ear 222.
  • the support member 24 has a wing portion 241, and the pole ear portion 2222 of the pole ear 222 is bent around the wing portion 241.
  • the pole ear portion 2222 is bent around the wing portion 241 means that the pole ear portion 2222 starts from the side of the wing portion 241 facing the main body 221, forms a bend at the edge of the wing portion 241, and extends to the side of the wing portion 241 away from the main body 221.
  • the accommodation portion 2411 is disposed on the wing portion 241 , and the accommodation portion 2411 can accommodate a portion of the root portion 2221 , so that the total space occupied by the wing portion 241 and the root portion 2221 is reduced.
  • a support member 24 is provided between the wall and the main body 221 of the battery cell 20, and the pole ear portion 2222 is bent around the wing portion 241 of the support member 24, so that the pole ear portion 2222 is gathered along a fixed shape, which can protect the pole ear 222, and make the pole ear 222 not easy to fork and insert, thereby improving the safety of the battery cell 20.
  • the root portion 2221 of the pole ear 222 has a relatively large hardness. Along the first direction, the highest position of the root portion 2221 exceeds the connection position between the root portion 2221 and the pole ear portion 2222, and the total space occupied by the wing portion 241 and the root portion 2221 is large, resulting in a low energy density of the battery cell 20.
  • the root portion 2221 of the pole ear 222 can be accommodated in the receiving portion 2411, so that the total space occupied by the wing portion 241 and the root portion 2221 is reduced, and the space left for the main body 221 can be relatively increased, which is conducive to improving the energy density of the battery cell 20.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the front structure of the support member 24 provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the reverse structure of the support member 24 provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • the wing portion 241 along the first direction, has a first surface 2412 facing the main body portion 221, and the receiving portion 2411 is a receiving groove that is recessed from the first surface 2412 in a direction away from the main body portion 221.
  • the front side of the support member 24 refers to the side of the support member 24 facing the main body 221 along the first direction.
  • the back side of the support member 24 refers to the side of the support member 24 away from the main body 221 along the first direction.
  • the receiving portion 2411 is a groove formed in the wing portion 241, and the opening end of the receiving portion 2411 faces the main body 221, so that the root portion 2221 can extend into the receiving portion 2411. In other words, along the first direction, the receiving portion 2411 is recessed from the surface of the wing portion 241 facing the main body 221 toward the surface of the wing portion 241 away from the main body 221.
  • the accommodation portion 2411 When the accommodation portion 2411 is a groove, it can accommodate a portion of the root portion 2221, thereby reducing the total space occupied by the wing portion 241 and the root portion 2221, and can also make the wing portion 241 have a higher strength.
  • the wing portion 241 has a first end and a second end that are oppositely disposed, and the pole ear portion 2222 is bent around the second end.
  • the bottom surface of the accommodating groove is an inclined surface, and along the direction from the first end to the second end, the distance between the inclined surface and the main body portion 221 in the first direction gradually decreases.
  • the second direction may be the width direction of the support member 24. Referring to Figures 3 to 8, the second direction may be the C direction shown in the figures.
  • the bottom wall of the receiving groove is set as an inclined surface, so that the depth of the receiving groove changes gradually along the direction from the first end to the second end, ensuring that the receiving groove can accommodate the root 2221 while making the wing 241 have higher strength.
  • Figure 9 is a cross-sectional view of the B-B position in Figure 5 (the receiving portion 2411 is a through hole).
  • Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of the front structure of the support member 24 provided in other embodiments of the present application.
  • Figure 11 is a schematic diagram of the reverse structure of the support member 24 provided in other embodiments of the present application.
  • the wing portion 241 along the first direction, has a first surface 2412 facing the main body portion 221 and a second surface 2413 away from the main body portion 221, and the receiving portion 2411 is a through hole that penetrates the first surface 2412 and the second surface 2413.
  • the receiving portion 2411 is a through hole opened in the wing portion 241, and one open end of the receiving portion 2411 faces the main body 221, so that the root portion 2221 can extend into the receiving portion 2411. In other words, along the first direction, the receiving portion 2411 passes through the surface of the wing portion 241 facing the main body 221 and the surface of the wing portion 241 away from the main body 221.
  • the accommodating portion 2411 When the accommodating portion 2411 is a through hole, it can provide more accommodating space for the root 2221, so that most of the root 2221 can be accommodated in the accommodating portion 2411 or the root 2221 can be allowed to pass through the accommodating portion 2411, so that the total space occupied by the wing 241 and the root 2221 is further reduced, which is beneficial to improving the energy density of the battery cell 20.
  • the wing portion 241 further includes a support portion 2414, and along the second direction, the support portion 2414 is located at one side of the accommodation portion 2411.
  • the pole ear portion 2222 is bent around the support portion 2414, and the support portion 2414 is used to support the pole ear portion 2222.
  • the second direction is perpendicular to the first direction.
  • the support portion 2414 can be understood as the remaining portion after the wing portion 241 is provided with the accommodation portion 2411.
  • the support portion 2414 is located at one end of the support member 24 along the second direction and at one side of the accommodation portion 2411, and the pole ear portion 2222 is bent around the support portion 2414 so that the support portion 2414 can support the pole ear portion 2222.
  • the receiving portion 2411 is a rectangular through hole provided in the wing portion 241.
  • the supporting portion 2414 is a strip structure located along the second direction on one side of the receiving portion 2411.
  • the supporting portion 2414 is located at the edge of the supporting member 24, so that the pole ear portion 2222 can be bent around the supporting portion 2414.
  • the wing portion 241 is provided with a support portion 2414, which can support the pole ear portion 2222, so that the pole ear portion 2222 bent around the support portion 2414 can maintain a fixed shape and be folded, and the pole ear portion 2222 is not easy to deform, so that the pole ear 222 is not easy to fork and insert, thereby improving the safety of the battery cell 20. If the pole ear portion 2222 is not supported by the support portion 2414, the pole ear portion 2222 is easy to deform when subjected to external force, and cannot maintain a fixed shape and be folded.
  • a reinforcing portion 243 is disposed in the accommodating portion 2411 .
  • the reinforcement part 243 is a structure for reinforcing the strength of the wing part 241.
  • the reinforcement part 243 may be a reinforcement rib, a reinforcement rib, a reinforcement plate, or the like.
  • the reinforcing portion 243 is disposed at the corners of the receiving portion 2411.
  • the receiving portion 2411 is a rectangular through hole disposed in the wing portion 241.
  • the reinforcing portion 243 may be reinforcing ribs disposed at the four corners of the receiving portion 2411.
  • the strength of the wing portion 241 is strengthened, so that the wing portion 241 is not easily deformed, thereby maintaining a fixed shape of the pole ear portion 2222 , reducing the risk of damage to the pole ear 222 due to deformation of the wing portion 241 , and improving the safety of the battery cell 20 .
  • a side wall of the receiving portion 2411 and the first surface 2412 have an arc transition.
  • the receiving portion 2411 When the receiving portion 2411 is a receiving groove, the receiving portion 2411 includes a groove bottom wall and a groove side wall, wherein the groove side wall is arranged along the edge of the groove bottom wall.
  • the side wall of the receiving portion 2411 refers to the groove side wall of the receiving groove.
  • the side wall of the receiving portion 2411 is the hole wall of the through hole.
  • the pole ear 222 can easily contact the connecting position between the side wall of the accommodating portion 2411 and the first surface 2412. By making the arc transition between the side wall of the accommodating portion 2411 and the first surface 2412, the risk of the pole ear 222 being cut is reduced, which is beneficial to improving the safety of the battery cell 20.
  • the size of the receiving portion 2411 is greater than the size of the root portion 2221.
  • the third direction is perpendicular to the first direction.
  • the third direction is any direction perpendicular to the first direction, for example, the third direction may be the length direction of the support member 24, or may be the width direction of the support member 24.
  • the third direction is the width direction of the support member 24, the third direction is in the same direction as the second direction.
  • the third direction is the length direction of the support member 24 .
  • the dimension of the accommodation portion 2411 along the third direction is larger than the dimension of the root portion 2221 along the third direction, it is helpful to reduce the requirements for the assembly accuracy of the support member 24, so that even if there is a certain deviation in the position of the support member 24, the root portion 2221 can extend into the accommodation portion 2411.
  • Figure 12 is a cross-sectional view of the B-B position in Figure 5 (the accommodation portion 2411 is formed by thinning).
  • the wing portion 241 has a first surface 2412 facing the main body 221.
  • the wing portion 241 has a first end and a second end that are oppositely arranged, and the pole ear portion 2222 is bent around the second end.
  • the first surface 2412 is an inclined surface, and the distance between the inclined surface and the main body 221 in the first direction gradually decreases along the direction from the first end to the second end, so as to form an accommodation portion 2411 on the side of the wing portion 241 facing the main body 221.
  • the first surface 2412 is an inclined surface, and the first end is farther away from the main body 221 than the second end.
  • the first inclined surface is arranged to be inclined downward from the first end to the second end.
  • the first surface 2412 is set as a slope, and the first end is farther away from the main body 221 than the second end, so that the space between the first end and the main body 221 is larger than the space between the second end and the main body 221, so as to form a receiving portion 2411 at a position close to the first end, so that the root 2221 is accommodated in the receiving portion 2411, and the total space occupied by the wing 241 and the root 2221 is reduced, which is beneficial to improving the energy density of the battery cell 20.
  • the wing portion 241 has a second surface 2413 facing away from the main body portion 221.
  • the second surface 2413 is perpendicular to the first direction.
  • the second surface 2413 is a plane, and the second surface 2413 is perpendicular to the first direction, indicating that the second surface 2413 is not arranged obliquely.
  • the wing portion 241 can be regarded as gradually thinning from the second end to the first end to form a receiving portion 2411 on the side of the wing portion 241 facing the main body 221.
  • the second surface 2413 is parallel to the first surface 2412. In this case, it can be considered that the wing portion 241 is tilted to form a receiving portion 2411 on a side of the wing portion 241 facing the main body 221.
  • a portion of the root portion 2221 farthest from the main body portion 221 is received in the receiving portion 2411 .
  • the portion of the root 2221 that is farthest from the main body 221 may also be understood as: the highest portion of the root 2221 in the direction from the main body 221 to the wall.
  • the total space occupied by the wing 241 and the root 2221 is reduced, which is beneficial to improving the energy density of the battery cell 20 .
  • the pole ear portion 2222 includes a first connection portion 22221, a second connection portion 22223, and a bending portion 22222, wherein the bending portion 22222 connects the first connection portion 22221 and the second connection portion 22223.
  • the first connection portion 22221 is connected to the root portion 2221.
  • the first connection portion 22221 and the second connection portion 22223 are respectively located on both sides of the wing portion 241.
  • the first connection portion 22221 is a portion of the pole ear portion 2222 located on a side of the wing portion 241 facing the main body portion 221 along the first direction.
  • the bending portion 22222 is a portion of the pole ear portion 2222 located at one side of the wing portion 241 along the second direction.
  • the second connection portion 22223 is a portion of the lug portion 2222 located on the side of the wing portion 241 away from the main body 221 along the first direction.
  • the second connection portion 22223 can be electrically connected to a conductive member to output power from the battery cell 20 or input power to the battery cell 20.
  • the first connection portion 22221 is connected to the root portion 2221, and the second connection portion 22223 is used to connect to the conductive member to facilitate output of the electric energy of the battery cell 20.
  • the first connection portion 22221 and the second connection portion 22223 are respectively located on both sides of the wing portion 241 and are connected through the bending portion 22222, so that the pole ear portion 2222 is gathered along a fixed shape, and the shaping of the pole ear 222 is realized, so that the pole ear 222 is not easy to be forked and inserted, thereby improving the safety of the battery cell 20.
  • the support member 24 includes a body portion 242, and along the second direction, at least one side of the body portion 242 is provided with a wing portion 241, and the pole ear portion 2222 is bent around an end of the wing portion 241 away from the body portion 242.
  • the body portion 242 is used to abut against the body portion 221.
  • the second direction is perpendicular to the first direction.
  • the body portion 242 is a portion of the support member 24 for contacting with the main body portion 221.
  • the body portion 242 is connected to the wing portion 241 to achieve positioning of the wing portion 241.
  • the first end is an end of the wing portion 241 connected to the main body portion 242 along the second direction
  • the second end is an end of the wing portion 241 away from the main body portion 242 along the second direction.
  • the supporting portion 2414 is disposed on a side of the accommodating portion 2411 away from the main body portion 242 along the second direction.
  • the main body 242 can support the main body 221, so that the gravity of the main body 221 is not easily transmitted to the tab 222, and the tab 222 is not easily forked and inserted, thereby improving the safety of the battery cell 20.
  • the main body 242 can also abut against the main body 221, so that the external force is not easily transmitted to the tab 222 through the main body 221, and the tab 222 is not easily forked and inserted, thereby improving the safety of the battery cell 20.
  • wings 241 are disposed on both sides of the body 242.
  • the electrode assembly 22 has two tabs 222, and the support member 24 is located between the two tabs 222.
  • the tab portion 2222 of one tab 222 is bent around a corresponding wing 241.
  • the two tabs 222 are respectively located on two sides of the support member 24 , and the two tabs 222 are bent around the support member 24 .
  • the two opposite pole tabs 222 on both sides of the support member 24 are both positive pole tabs or both negative pole tabs. That is, along the second direction, the two opposite pole tabs 222 on both sides of the support member 24 have the same polarity.
  • a support member 24 can shape the two tabs 222 on both sides of the support member 24 , making it difficult for the two tabs 222 to fork and insert, thereby improving the safety of the battery cell 20 .
  • the electrode assembly 22 includes two spaced-apart pole tabs 222, and the two spaced-apart pole tabs 222 are both bent around a wing 241.
  • the first direction, the second direction, and the third direction are perpendicular to each other.
  • the two spaced-apart pole tabs 222 along the third direction have opposite polarities. If one of them is a positive pole tab, the other is a negative pole tab.
  • the wall portion is directly connected to the lug portion 2222 .
  • the end cap 211 may form a protruding structure protruding toward the electrode assembly 22 , so that the pole ear portion 2222 is connected to the protruding structure, thereby electrically connecting the pole ear portion 2222 to the end cap 211 .
  • the tab 222 is directly electrically connected to the wall portion, and the electrical energy of the battery cell 20 is output or input through the wall portion.
  • the battery cell 20 includes an electrode terminal 213 , which is disposed on the wall portion and directly connected to the pole ear portion 2222 .
  • the tab 222 is connected to the electrode terminal 213 , and the electric energy of the battery cell 20 is output or input through the electrode terminal 213 .
  • the battery cell 20 includes an electrode terminal 213 and a current collecting member 25 .
  • the electrode terminal 213 is disposed on the wall portion.
  • the current collecting member 25 is electrically connected to the electrode terminal 213 , and the current collecting member 25 is directly connected to the pole lug portion 2222 .
  • the current collecting member 25 connects the second connection portion 22223 and the electrode terminal 213 to electrically connect the electrode tab 222 and the electrode terminal 213 .
  • the tabs 222 are connected to the current collecting member 25 , and the current collecting member 25 is connected to the electrode terminal 213 , through which the electric energy of the battery cell 20 is output or input.
  • the embodiment of the present application further provides a battery 100 , and the battery 100 includes the above-mentioned battery cell 20 .
  • the embodiment of the present application also provides an electric device, which includes the above-mentioned battery 100, and the battery 100 is used to provide electric energy to the electric device.
  • FIGS. 3 to 12 please refer to FIGS. 3 to 12 .
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a battery cell 20, which includes a shell 21, an electrode assembly 22 and a support member 24.
  • the shell 21 has a wall portion.
  • the electrode assembly 22 has a main body 221 and a pole ear 222, and along a first direction, the pole ear 222 protrudes from one end of the main body 221 facing the wall portion.
  • the pole ear 222 includes a root portion 2221 and a pole ear portion 2222, and the root portion 2221 connects the main body 221 and the pole ear portion 2222.
  • the support member 24 is arranged on the side of the main body 221 facing the wall portion.
  • the support member 24 includes a wing portion 241, and the pole ear portion 2222 is bent around the wing portion 241.
  • the wing portion 241 is provided with a receiving portion 2411, and the receiving portion 2411 is used to receive a part of the root portion 2221.
  • a support member 24 is provided between the wall and the main body 221 of the battery cell 20, and the pole ear portion 2222 is bent around the wing portion 241 of the support member 24, so that the pole ear portion 2222 is gathered along a fixed shape, which can protect the pole ear 222, and make the pole ear 222 not easy to fork and insert, thereby improving the safety of the battery cell 20.
  • the root portion 2221 of the pole ear 222 has a relatively large hardness. Along the first direction, the highest position of the root portion 2221 exceeds the connection position between the root portion 2221 and the pole ear portion 2222, and the total space occupied by the wing portion 241 and the root portion 2221 is large, resulting in a low energy density of the battery cell 20.
  • the root portion 2221 of the pole ear 222 can be accommodated in the receiving portion 2411, so that the total space occupied by the wing portion 241 and the root portion 2221 is reduced, and the space left for the main body 221 can be relatively increased, which is conducive to improving the energy density of the battery cell 20.
  • the wing 241 has a first surface 2412 facing the main body 221, and the receiving portion 2411 is a receiving groove that is recessed from the first surface 2412 in a direction away from the main body 221.
  • the receiving portion 2411 is a groove provided in the wing 241, and along the first direction, the receiving portion 2411 is recessed from the surface of the wing 241 facing the main body 221 to the surface of the wing 241 away from the main body 221.
  • the receiving portion 2411 is a groove, it can accommodate a part of the root 2221, so that the total space occupied by the wing 241 and the root 2221 is reduced, and the wing 241 can also have a higher strength.
  • the wing portion 241 has a first surface 2412 facing the main body 221 and a second surface 2413 away from the main body 221, and the receiving portion 2411 is a through hole penetrating the first surface 2412 and the second surface 2413.
  • the receiving portion 2411 is a through hole opened in the wing portion 241, and along the first direction, the receiving portion 2411 penetrates the surface of the wing portion 241 facing the main body 221 and the surface of the wing portion 241 away from the main body 221.
  • the receiving portion 2411 is a through hole, more accommodation space can be provided for the root portion 2221, so that most of the root portion 2221 can be accommodated in the receiving portion 2411 or the root portion 2221 is allowed to pass through the receiving portion 2411, so that the total space occupied by the wing portion 241 and the root portion 2221 is further reduced, which is conducive to improving the energy density of the battery cell 20.
  • the wing portion 241 has a first surface 2412 facing the main body portion 221.
  • the wing portion 241 has a first end and a second end arranged opposite to each other, and the pole ear portion 2222 is bent around the second end.
  • the first surface 2412 is an inclined surface, and the distance between the inclined surface and the main body portion 221 in the first direction gradually decreases along the direction from the first end to the second end, so as to form a receiving portion 2411 on the side of the wing portion 241 facing the main body portion 221.
  • the wing portion 241 has a second surface 2413 facing away from the main body portion 221, and the second surface 2413 is perpendicular to the first direction.
  • the wing portion 241 can be regarded as gradually thinning in the direction from the second end to the first end to form a receiving portion 2411 on the side of the wing portion 241 facing the main body portion 221.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Connection Of Batteries Or Terminals (AREA)
  • Battery Mounting, Suspending (AREA)

Abstract

本申请提供了一种电池单体、电池及用电设备，涉及电池领域。电池单体包括外壳、电极组件和支撑件。外壳具有壁部。电极组件具有主体部和极耳，沿第一方向，极耳凸出于主体部面向壁部的一端。极耳包括根部和极耳部，根部连接主体部和极耳部。支撑件设置于主体部面向壁部的一侧。支撑件包括翼部，极耳部绕着翼部弯折。其中，翼部设置有容纳部，容纳部用于容纳根部的一部分。壁部和主体部之间设置有支撑件，极耳部绕着支撑件的翼部弯折，使得极耳部沿着固定形态收拢，能保护极耳，使极耳不易分叉内插，提升了电池单体的安全性。在翼部上设置有容纳部，极耳的根部能够容纳于容纳部内，翼部和根部占用的总空间减小，有利于提升电池单体的能量密度。

Description

电池单体、电池及用电设备 技术领域
本申请涉及电池领域，具体而言，涉及一种电池单体、电池及用电设备。
背景技术
电池在新能源领域应用甚广，例如电动汽车、新能源汽车等，新能源汽车、电动汽车已经成为汽车产业的发展新趋势。电池技术的发展要同时考虑多方面的设计因素，例如，能量密度、循环寿命、放电容量、充放电倍率等性能参数，另外，还需要考虑电池的安全性。然而，目前电池单体安全性较差。
发明内容
本申请实施例的目的在于提供一种电池单体、电池及用电设备，其旨在改善相关技术中电池单体安全性较差的问题。
第一方面，本申请实施例提供了一种电池单体，所述电池单体包括外壳、电极组件和支撑件，所述外壳具有壁部；所述电极组件具有主体部和极耳，沿第一方向，所述极耳凸出于所述主体部面向所述壁部的一端，所述极耳包括根部和极耳部，所述根部连接所述主体部和所述极耳部；所述支撑件设置于所述主体部面向所述壁部的一侧，所述支撑件包括翼部，所述极耳部绕着所述翼部弯折；其中，所述翼部设置有容纳部，所述容纳部用于容纳所述根部的一部分。
在上述技术方案中，该电池单体的壁部和主体部之间设置有支撑件，极耳部绕着支撑件的翼部弯折，使得极耳部沿着固定形态收拢，能够保护极耳，使得极耳不易分叉内插，提升了电池单体的安全性。另外，极耳的根部硬度相对较大，沿第一方向，根部的最高位置超出于根部与极耳部的连接位置，翼部和根部占用的总空间较大，导致电池单体的能量密度较小。本申请实施例通过在支撑件的翼部上设置容纳部，极耳的根部能够容纳于容纳部内，使得翼部和根部占用的总空间减小，留给主体部的空间相对能够增大，有利于提升电池单体的能量密度。
作为本申请实施例的一种可选技术方案，沿所述第一方向，所述翼部具有面向所述主体部的第一表面，所述容纳部为从所述第一表面向背离所述主体部的方向凹陷的容纳槽。
在上述技术方案中，容纳部为开设于翼部的凹槽，沿第一方向，容纳部从翼部面向主体部的表面向着翼部背离主体部的表面凹陷。容纳部为凹槽时，既能够容纳根部的一部分，使得翼部和根部占用的总空间减小，还能使翼部具有较高的强度。
作为本申请实施例的一种可选技术方案，沿所述第一方向，所述翼部具有面向所述主体部的第一表面和背离所述主体部的第二表面，所述容纳部为贯穿所述第一 表面和第二表面的通孔。
在上述技术方案中，容纳部为开设于翼部的通孔，沿第一方向，容纳部贯穿翼部面向主体部的表面和翼部背离主体部的表面。容纳部为通孔时，能够给根部提供更多的容纳空间，使得根部的大部分能够容纳于容纳部内或者允许根部穿过容纳部，使得翼部和根部占用的总空间进一步减小，有利于提升电池单体的能量密度。
作为本申请实施例的一种可选技术方案，所述翼部还包括支撑部，沿第二方向，所述支撑部位于所述容纳部的一侧，所述极耳部绕着所述支撑部弯折，所述支撑部用于支撑所述极耳部，所述第二方向垂直于所述第一方向。
在上述技术方案中，翼部设置有支撑部，支撑部能够对极耳部起到支撑作用，这样绕着支撑部弯折的极耳部能够维持固定形态收拢，极耳部不易变形，使得极耳不易分叉内插，提升了电池单体的安全性。若极耳部没有支撑部支撑，则极耳部在受到外力时容易变形，而无法维持固定形态收拢。
作为本申请实施例的一种可选技术方案，所述容纳部内设置有加强部。
在上述技术方案中，通过在容纳部内设置加强部，加强翼部的强度，使得翼部不易变形，从而保持极耳部的固定形态，降低因翼部变形而导致的极耳损伤的风险，提升电池单体的安全性。
作为本申请实施例的一种可选技术方案，所述容纳部的侧壁与所述第一表面之间圆弧过渡。
在上述技术方案中，由于极耳的根部部分容纳于容纳部内，极耳很容易与容纳部的侧壁和第一表面的连接位置接触，通过使容纳部的侧壁与第一表面圆弧过渡，降低极耳被割伤的风险，有利于提升电池单体的安全性。
作为本申请实施例的一种可选技术方案，沿第三方向，所述容纳部的尺寸大于所述根部的尺寸；所述第三方向垂直于所述第一方向。
在上述技术方案中，通过使容纳部沿第三方向的尺寸大于根部沿第三方向的尺寸，有利于降低对支撑件装配精度的要求，使得支撑件的位置即使有一定偏差，根部也能够伸入容纳部内。
作为本申请实施例的一种可选技术方案，沿所述第一方向，所述翼部具有面向所述主体部的第一表面；沿第二方向，所述翼部具有相对设置的第一端和第二端，所述极耳部绕设所述第二端弯折；所述第一表面为斜面，沿所述第一端指向所述第二端的方向，所述斜面与所述主体部在第一方向上的距离逐渐减小，以在所述翼部面向所述主体部的一侧形成所述容纳部。
在上述技术方案中，将第一表面设置为斜面，并且第一端相比于第二端更加远离主体部，这样，在第一端与主体部之间的空间相比于第二端与主体部之间的空间更大，以在靠近第一端的位置形成容纳部，使得根部容纳于容纳部内，翼部和根部占用的总空间减小，有利于提升电池单体的能量密度。
作为本申请实施例的一种可选技术方案，所述翼部具有背离所述主体部的第二表面，所述第二表面垂直于所述第一方向。
在上述技术方案中，第二表面为平面，第二表面与第一方向垂直。这样，沿 第一方向，翼部可以看作是从第二端指向第一端的方向逐渐减薄以在翼部面向主体部的一侧形成容纳部。
作为本申请实施例的一种可选技术方案，沿所述第一方向，所述根部最远离所述主体部的部分容纳于所述容纳部。
在上述技术方案中，通过将根部最远离主体部的部分容纳于容纳部内，使得翼部和根部占用的总空间减小，有利于提升电池单体的能量密度。
作为本申请实施例的一种可选技术方案，所述极耳部包括第一连接部、第二连接部和弯折部，所述弯折部连接所述第一连接部和所述第二连接部，所述第一连接部连接于所述根部，沿所述第一方向，所述第一连接部和所述第二连接部分别位于所述翼部的两侧。
在上述技术方案中，第一连接部与根部相连，第二连接部用于与导电件相连，以便于输出电池单体的电能。第一连接部和第二连接部分别位于翼部的两侧，并通过弯折部相连，这样，极耳部沿着固定形态收拢，实现了极耳的整形，使得极耳不易分叉内插，提升了电池单体的安全性。
作为本申请实施例的一种可选技术方案，所述支撑件包括本体部，沿第二方向，所述本体部的至少一侧设置有所述翼部，所述极耳部绕着所述翼部远离所述本体部的一端弯折，所述本体部用于与所述主体部相抵接，所述第二方向垂直于所述第一方向。
在上述技术方案中，在电芯倒置的场景下，本体部能对主体部起到支撑作用，使得主体部的重力不易传递给极耳，不易造成极耳分叉内插，提升了电池单体的安全性。当然，在其他场景下，例如电池单体受到振动时，本体部也可以抵接于主体部，使得外力不易经主体部传递给极耳，不易造成极耳分叉内插，提升了电池单体的安全性。
作为本申请实施例的一种可选技术方案，沿所述第二方向，所述本体部的两侧均设置有所述翼部，所述电极组件具有两个所述极耳，所述支撑件位于两个所述极耳之间，一个所述极耳的极耳部绕着与其对应的一个所述翼部弯折。
在上述技术方案中，通过使两个极耳分别绕着位于本体部的两侧两个翼部弯折，这样一个支撑件就能够实现对位于支撑件两侧的两个极耳的整形，使得两个极耳均不易分叉内插，提升了电池单体的安全性。
作为本申请实施例的一种可选技术方案，所述壁部与所述极耳部直接连接。
在上述技术方案中，极耳直接与壁部电连接，通过壁部输出或输入电池单体的电能。
作为本申请实施例的一种可选技术方案，所述电池单体包括电极端子，所述电极端子设置于所述壁部，所述电极端子与所述极耳部直接连接。
在上述技术方案中，极耳与电极端子连接，通过电极端子输出或输入电池单体的电能。
作为本申请实施例的一种可选技术方案，所述电池单体包括电极端子和集流构件，所述电极端子设置于所述壁部；所述集流构件与所述电极端子电连接，所述集 流构件与所述极耳部直接连接。
在上述技术方案中，极耳与集流构件连接，集流构件与电极端子连接，通过电极端子输出或输入电池单体的电能。
第二方面，本申请实施例还提供了一种电池，所述电池包括上述的电池单体。
第三方面，本申请实施例还提供了一种用电设备，所述用电设备包括上述的电池，所述电池用于为所述用电设备提供电能。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例的技术方案，下面将对实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，应当理解，以下附图仅示出了本申请的某些实施例，因此不应被看作是对范围的限定，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他相关的附图。
图1为本申请一些实施例提供的车辆的结构示意图；
图2为本申请一些实施例提供的电池的爆炸图；
图3为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体的爆炸图；
图4为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体的结构示意图；
图5为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体的俯视示意图；
图6为图5中B-B位置的剖视图(容纳部为容纳槽)；
图7为本申请一些实施例提供的支撑件的正面结构示意图；
图8为本申请一些实施例提供的支撑件的反面结构示意图；
图9为图5中B-B位置的剖视图(容纳部为通孔)；
图10为本申请另一些实施例提供的支撑件的正面结构示意图；
图11为本申请另一些实施例提供的支撑件的反面结构示意图；
图12为图5中B-B位置的剖视图(容纳部为减薄形成)。
图标：10-箱体；11-第一部分；12-第二部分；20-电池单体；21-外壳；211-端盖；212-注液孔；213-电极端子；214-泄压机构；215-绝缘件；216-壳体；22-电极组件；221-主体部；222-极耳；2221-根部；2222-极耳部；22221-第一连接部；22222-弯折部；22223-第二连接部；24-支撑件；241-翼部；2411-容纳部；2412-第一表面；2413-第二表面；2414-支撑部；242-本体部；243-加强部；25-集流构件；100-电池；200-控制器；300-马达；1000-车辆。
具体实施方式
为使本申请实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本申请保 护的范围。
除非另有定义，本申请所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本申请的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同；本申请中在申请的说明书中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施例的目的，不是旨在于限制本申请；本申请的说明书和权利要求书及上述附图说明中的术语“包括”和“具有”以及它们的任何变形，意图在于覆盖不排他的包含。本申请的说明书和权利要求书或上述附图中的术语“第一”、“第二”等是用于区别不同对象，而不是用于描述特定顺序或主次关系。
在本申请中提及“实施例”意味着，结合实施例描述的特定特征、结构或特性可以包含在本申请的至少一个实施例中。在说明书中的各个位置出现该短语并不一定均是指相同的实施例，也不是与其它实施例互斥的独立的或备选的实施例。
在本申请的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”、“附接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。
本申请中术语“和/或”，仅仅是一种描述关联对象的关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系，例如，A和/或B，可以表示：单独存在A，同时存在A和B，单独存在B这三种情况。另外，本申请中字符“/”，一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。
在本申请的实施例中，相同的附图标记表示相同的部件，并且为了简洁，在不同实施例中，省略对相同部件的详细说明。应理解，附图示出的本申请实施例中的各种部件的厚度、长宽等尺寸，以及集成装置的整体厚度、长宽等尺寸仅为示例性说明，而不应对本申请构成任何限定。
本申请中出现的“多个”指的是两个以上(包括两个)。
本申请中，电池单体可以包括锂离子二次电池单体、锂离子一次电池单体、锂硫电池单体、钠锂离子电池单体、钠离子电池单体或镁离子电池单体等，本申请实施例对此并不限定。电池单体可呈圆柱体、扁平体、长方体或其它形状等，本申请实施例对此也不限定。电池单体一般按封装的方式分成三种：柱形电池单体、方形电池单体和软包电池单体，本申请实施例对此也不限定。
本申请的实施例所提到的电池是指包括一个或多个电池单体以提供更高的电压和容量的单一的物理模块。例如，本申请中所提到的电池可以包括电池模块或电池包等。电池一般包括用于封装一个或多个电池单体的箱体。箱体可以避免液体或其他异物影响电池单体的充电或放电。
电池单体包括电极组件和电解液，电极组件由正极片、负极片和隔离膜组成。电池单体主要依靠金属离子在正极片和负极片之间移动来工作。正极片包括正极集流体和正极活性物质层，正极活性物质层涂覆于正极集流体的表面，未涂敷正极活性物质层的正极集流体凸出于已涂覆正极活性物质层的正极集流体，未涂敷正极活性物质层的正极集流体作为正子极耳。以锂离子电池为例，正极集流体的材料可以为 铝，正极活性物质可以为钴酸锂、磷酸铁锂、三元锂或锰酸锂等。负极片包括负极集流体和负极活性物质层，负极活性物质层涂覆于负极集流体的表面，未涂敷负极活性物质层的负极集流体凸出于已涂覆负极活性物质层的负极集流体，未涂敷负极活性物质层的负极集流体作为负子极耳。负极集流体的材料可以为铜，负极活性物质可以为碳或硅等。为了保证通过大电流而不发生熔断，正子极耳的数量为多个且层叠在一起，负子极耳的数量为多个且层叠在一起。隔离膜的材质可以为PP(polypropylene，聚丙烯)或PE(polyethylene，聚乙烯)等。此外，电极组件可以是卷绕式结构，也可以是叠片式结构，本申请实施例并不限于此。
目前，从市场形势的发展来看，电池的应用越加广泛。电池不仅被应用于水力、火力、风力和太阳能电站等储能电源系统，而且还被广泛应用于电动自行车、电动摩托车、电动汽车等电动交通工具，以及军事装备和航空航天等多个领域。随着电池应用领域的不断扩大，其市场的需求量也在不断地扩增。
电池技术的发展要同时考虑多方面的设计因素，例如，能量密度、循环寿命、放电容量、充放电倍率等性能参数，另外，还需要考虑电池的安全性。然而，目前电池单体安全性较差。
发明人进一步研究发现，电池单体包括电极组件，电极组件是电池单体中发生电化学反应的部件。电极组件主要由正极片和负极片卷绕或层叠放置形成，并且通常在正极片与负极片之间设有隔离膜。正极片和负极片具有活性物质的部分构成电极组件的主体部，正极片和负极片不具有活性物质的部分各自构成子极耳，为了保证通过大电流而不发生熔断，子极耳的数量为多个且层叠在一起形成极耳。极耳远离主体部的一端与其他导电部件电连接，以输出电池单体的电能。极耳与导电部件电连接后，还留有一部分长度，这部分极耳位于导电部件和主体部之间，没有约束。使得极耳在受到外力作用时容易出现变形分叉，分叉的部分容易插入主体部内，与主体部内的正极片或负极片接触，从而造成短路，严重时会造成起火，甚至爆炸，导致电池单体的安全性较差。
鉴于此，本申请实施例提供一种电池单体，电池单体包括外壳、电极组件和支撑件。外壳具有壁部。电极组件具有主体部和极耳，沿第一方向，极耳凸出于主体部面向壁部的一端。极耳包括根部和极耳部，根部连接主体部和极耳部。支撑件设置于主体部面向壁部的一侧。支撑件包括翼部，极耳部绕着翼部弯折。其中，翼部设置有容纳部，容纳部用于容纳根部的一部分。
该电池单体的壁部和主体部之间设置有支撑件，极耳部绕着支撑件的翼部弯折，使得极耳部沿着固定形态收拢，能够保护极耳，使得极耳不易分叉内插，提升了电池单体的安全性。
另外，极耳的根部硬度相对较大，沿第一方向，根部的最高位置超出于根部与极耳部的连接位置，翼部和根部占用的总空间较大，导致电池单体的能量密度较小。本申请实施例通过在支撑件的翼部上设置容纳部，极耳的根部能够容纳于容纳部内，使得翼部和根部占用的总空间减小，留给主体部的空间相对能够增大，有利于提升电池单体的能量密度。
本申请实施例描述的技术方案适用于电池以及使用电池的用电设备。
用电设备可以是车辆、手机、便携式设备、笔记本电脑、轮船、航天器、电动玩具和电动工具等等。航天器包括飞机、火箭、航天飞机和宇宙飞船等等；电动玩具包括固定式或移动式的电动玩具，例如，游戏机、电动汽车玩具、电动轮船玩具和电动飞机玩具等等；电动工具包括金属切削电动工具、研磨电动工具、装配电动工具和铁道用电动工具，例如，电钻、电动砂轮机、电动扳手、电动螺丝刀、电锤、冲击电钻、混凝土振动器和电刨等等。本申请实施例对上述用电设备不做特殊限制。
以下实施例为了方便说明，以用电设备为车辆1000为例进行说明。
请参照图1，图1为本申请一些实施例提供的车辆1000的结构示意图。车辆1000可以为燃油汽车、燃气汽车或新能源汽车，新能源汽车可以是纯电动汽车、混合动力汽车或增程式汽车等。车辆1000的内部设置有电池100，电池100可以设置在车辆1000的底部或头部或尾部。电池100可以用于车辆1000的供电，例如，电池100可以作为车辆1000的操作电源。车辆1000还可以包括控制器200和马达300，控制器200用来控制电池100为马达300供电，例如，用于车辆1000的启动、导航和行驶时的工作用电需求。
在本申请一些实施例中，电池100不仅可以作为车辆1000的操作电源，还可以作为车辆1000的驱动电源，代替或部分地代替燃油或天然气为车辆1000提供驱动动力。
请参照图2，图2为本申请一些实施例提供的电池100的爆炸图。电池100包括箱体10和电池单体20，电池单体20容纳于箱体10内。其中，箱体10用于为电池单体20提供容纳空间，箱体10可以采用多种结构。在一些实施例中，箱体10可以包括第一部分11和第二部分12，第一部分11与第二部分12相互盖合，第一部分11和第二部分12共同限定出用于容纳电池单体20的容纳空间。第二部分12可以为一端开口的空心结构，第一部分11可以为板状结构，第一部分11盖合于第二部分12的开口侧，以使第一部分11与第二部分12共同限定出容纳空间；第一部分11和第二部分12也可以是均为一侧开口的空心结构，第一部分11的开口侧盖合于第二部分12的开口侧。当然，第一部分11和第二部分12形成的箱体10可以是多种形状，比如，圆柱体、长方体等。
在电池100中，电池单体20可以是多个，多个电池单体20之间可串联或并联或混联，混联是指多个电池单体20中既有串联又有并联。多个电池单体20之间可直接串联或并联或混联在一起，再将多个电池单体20构成的整体容纳于箱体10内；当然，电池100也可以是多个电池单体20先串联或并联或混联组成电池模块形式，多个电池模块再串联或并联或混联形成一个整体，并容纳于箱体10内。电池100还可以包括其他结构，例如，该电池100还可以包括汇流部件，用于实现多个电池单体20之间的电连接。
其中，每个电池单体20可以为二次电池单体或一次电池单体；还可以是锂硫电池单体、钠离子电池单体或镁离子电池单体，但不局限于此。电池单体20可呈圆柱体、扁平体、长方体或其它形状等。
请参照图3、图4、图5和图6，图3为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体20的爆炸图。图4为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体20的结构示意图。图5为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体20的俯视示意图。图6为图5中B-B位置的剖视图(容纳部2411为容纳槽)。本申请实施例提供了一种电池单体20，电池单体20包括外壳21、电极组件22和支撑件24。外壳21具有壁部。电极组件22具有主体部221和极耳222，沿第一方向，极耳222凸出于主体部221面向壁部的一端。极耳222包括根部2221和极耳部2222，根部2221连接主体部221和极耳部2222。支撑件24设置于主体部221面向壁部的一侧。支撑件24包括翼部241，极耳部2222绕着翼部241弯折。其中，翼部241设置有容纳部2411，容纳部2411用于容纳根部2221的一部分。
外壳21包括端盖211和壳体216，壳体216具有一端开口的容纳空间，容纳空间用于容纳电极组件22。端盖211连接于壳体216并封闭开口。
端盖211是指盖合于壳体216的开口处以将电池单体20的内部环境隔绝于外部环境的部件。不限地，端盖211的形状可以与壳体216的形状相适应以配合壳体216。可选地，端盖211可以由具有一定硬度和强度的材质(如铝合金)制成，这样，端盖211在受挤压碰撞时就不易发生形变，使电池单体20能够具备更高的结构强度，安全性能也可以有所提高。端盖211的材质也可以是多种的，比如，铜、铁、铝、不锈钢、铝合金、塑胶等，本申请实施例对此不作特殊限制。可选地，电池单体20还包括电极端子213，电极端子213设置于端盖211。电极端子213可以用于与电极组件22电连接，以用于输出或输入电池单体20的电能。可选地，电池单体20还包括泄压机构214，泄压机构214设置于端盖211，泄压机构214用于在电池单体20的内部压力或温度达到起爆压力时打开，以泄放电池单体20的内部压力。在一些实施例中，电池单体20还包括绝缘件215，绝缘件215设置在端盖211的内侧，绝缘件215可以用于隔离壳体216内的电连接部件与端盖211，以降低短路的风险。示例性的，绝缘件215可以是塑料、橡胶等。在一些实施例中，电池单体20还包括注液孔212，注液孔212设置于端盖211。通过注液孔212能够向电池单体20的内部注入电解液。
壳体216是用于配合端盖211以形成电池单体20的内部环境的部件，其中，形成的内部环境可以用于容纳电极组件22、电解液以及其他部件。壳体216和端盖211可以是独立的部件，可以于壳体216上设置开口，通过在开口处使端盖211盖合开口以形成电池单体20的内部环境。不限地，也可以使端盖211和壳体216一体化，具体地，端盖211和壳体216可以在其他部件入壳前先形成一个共同的接合面，当需要封装壳体216的内部时，再使端盖211盖合壳体216。壳体216可以是多种形状和多种尺寸的，例如长方体形、圆柱体形、六棱柱形等。具体地，壳体216的形状可以根据电极组件22的具体形状和尺寸大小来确定。壳体216的材质可以是多种，比如，铜、铁、铝、不锈钢、铝合金、塑胶等，本申请实施例对此不作特殊限制。
外壳21上具有多个壁，例如，底壁、侧壁、顶壁等。壁部特指多个壁中与极耳222相对的壁。例如，极耳222与底壁相对设置，则壁部是指壳体216的底壁。又如，极耳222与顶壁相对设置，则壁部是指壳体216的顶壁。又如，极耳222与一个侧壁相对设置，则壁部是指该一个侧壁。又如，极耳222与端盖211相对设置，壁 部也可以是指端盖211。
电极组件22是电池单体20中发生电化学反应的部件。外壳21内可以包含一个或更多个电极组件22。电极组件22主要由正极片和负极片卷绕或层叠放置形成，并且通常在正极片与负极片之间设有隔离膜。正极片和负极片具有活性物质的部分构成电极组件22的主体部221，正极片和负极片不具有活性物质的部分各自构成子极耳。为了保证通过大电流而不发生熔断，子极耳的数量为多个且层叠在一起形成极耳222。正极极耳和负极极耳可以共同位于主体部221的一端或是分别位于主体部221的两端。在电池100的充放电过程中，正极活性物质和负极活性物质与电解液发生反应，极耳222连接电极端子213以形成电流回路。极耳222凸出于主体部221，以便于与电极端子213连接，输出电池单体20的电能或向电池单体20输入电能。
在本实施例中，极耳222凸出于主体部221沿第一方向的一端。请参照图3～图6，第一方向可以是图中所示的A方向。可选地，第一方向也可以理解为壁部或支撑件24的厚度方向。
根部2221是多个子极耳222开始凸出于主体部221并汇聚层叠在一起的部分。根部2221的硬度通常较大，不易弯折。极耳部2222则是极耳222除了根部2221以外的其他部分。相对于根部2221来说，极耳部2222较为容易弯折，在没有约束的情况下受到外力作用时容易出现变形分叉。请参照图6，以虚线示出了根部2221和极耳部2222的分界线，以便于显示根部2221和极耳部2222的位置。这里虚线仅仅是为了显示根部2221和极耳部2222的位置，不具有其他含义。
支撑件24位于外壳21内，且位于主体部221的朝向壁部的一侧。极耳222绕着支撑件24弯折，支撑件24能够对极耳222起到支撑作用。具体来说，支撑件24具有翼部241，极耳222的极耳部2222绕着翼部241弯折。“极耳部2222绕着翼部241弯折”是指极耳部2222从翼部241朝向主体部221的一侧开始，在翼部241的边缘处形成折弯，并延伸至翼部241的背离主体部221的一侧。
容纳部2411设置于翼部241，容纳部2411能够容纳根部2221的一部分，使得翼部241和根部2221占用的总空间减小。
该电池单体20的壁部和主体部221之间设置有支撑件24，极耳部2222绕着支撑件24的翼部241弯折，使得极耳部2222沿着固定形态收拢，能够保护极耳222，使得极耳222不易分叉内插，提升了电池单体20的安全性。另外，极耳222的根部2221硬度相对较大，沿第一方向，根部2221的最高位置超出于根部2221与极耳部2222的连接位置，翼部241和根部2221占用的总空间较大，导致电池单体20的能量密度较小。本申请实施例通过在支撑件24的翼部241上设置容纳部2411，极耳222的根部2221能够容纳于容纳部2411内，使得翼部241和根部2221占用的总空间减小，留给主体部221的空间相对能够增大，有利于提升电池单体20的能量密度。
请参照图3、图4、图5、图6、图7和图8，图7为本申请一些实施例提供的支撑件24的正面结构示意图。图8为本申请一些实施例提供的支撑件24的反面结构示意图。在一些实施例中，沿第一方向，翼部241具有面向主体部221的第一表面2412，容纳部2411为从第一表面2412向背离主体部221的方向凹陷的容纳槽。
在本申请实施例中，支撑件24的正面是指支撑件24沿第一方向面向主体部221的一侧。支撑件24的反面是指支撑件24沿第一方向背离主体部221的一侧。
容纳部2411为开设于翼部241的凹槽，且容纳部2411的开口端朝向主体部221，以使得根部2221能够伸入容纳部2411内。换句话说，沿第一方向，容纳部2411从翼部241面向主体部221的表面向着翼部241背离主体部221的表面凹陷。
容纳部2411为凹槽时，既能够容纳根部2221的一部分，使得翼部241和根部2221占用的总空间减小，还能使翼部241具有较高的强度。
在一些实施例中，沿第二方向，翼部241具有相对设置的第一端和第二端，极耳部2222绕设第二端弯折。容纳槽的槽底面为斜面，沿第一端指向第二端的方向，斜面与主体部221在第一方向上的距离逐渐减小。
第二方向可以是支撑件24的宽度方向。请参照图3～图8，第二方向可以是图中所示的C方向。
将容纳槽的槽底壁设置为斜面，这样，沿第一端指向第二端的方向，容纳槽开设的深度是逐渐变化的，保证容纳槽容纳根部2221的同时，还能使翼部241具有更高的强度。
请参照图3、图4、图5、图6、图9、图10和图11，图9为图5中B-B位置的剖视图(容纳部2411为通孔)。图10为本申请另一些实施例提供的支撑件24的正面结构示意图。图11为本申请另一些实施例提供的支撑件24的反面结构示意图。在另一些实施例中，沿第一方向，翼部241具有面向主体部221的第一表面2412和背离主体部221的第二表面2413，容纳部2411为贯穿第一表面2412和第二表面2413的通孔。
容纳部2411为开设于翼部241的通孔，且容纳部2411的一个开口端朝向主体部221，以使得根部2221能够伸入容纳部2411内。换句话说，沿第一方向，容纳部2411贯穿翼部241面向主体部221的表面和翼部241背离主体部221的表面。
容纳部2411为通孔时，能够给根部2221提供更多的容纳空间，使得根部2221的大部分能够容纳于容纳部2411内或者允许根部2221穿过容纳部2411，使得翼部241和根部2221占用的总空间进一步减小，有利于提升电池单体20的能量密度。
请参照图9、图10和图11，在一些实施例中，翼部241还包括支撑部2414，沿第二方向，支撑部2414位于容纳部2411的一侧。极耳部2222绕着支撑部2414弯折，支撑部2414用于支撑极耳部2222。第二方向垂直于第一方向。
支撑部2414可以被理解为是翼部241设置容纳部2411后剩余的部分。当然，为了保证对极耳部2222的整形效果，支撑部2414位于支撑件24沿第二方向的一端且位于容纳部2411的一侧，极耳部2222绕着支撑部2414弯折，以使支撑部2414能够支撑极耳部2222。
请参照图9、图10和图11，在本实施例中，容纳部2411为设置于翼部241的矩形通孔。支撑部2414为沿第二方向位于容纳部2411一侧的条形结构。支撑部2414位于支撑件24的边缘，以便于极耳部2222绕着支撑部2414弯折。
翼部241设置有支撑部2414，支撑部2414能够对极耳部2222起到支撑作 用，这样绕着支撑部2414弯折的极耳部2222能够维持固定形态收拢，极耳部2222不易变形，使得极耳222不易分叉内插，提升了电池单体20的安全性。若极耳部2222没有支撑部2414支撑，则极耳部2222在受到外力时容易变形，而无法维持固定形态收拢。
请参照图10和图11，在一些实施例中，容纳部2411内设置有加强部243。
加强部243是用于加强翼部241的强度的结构。加强部243可以是加强筋、加强肋和加强板等。
可选地，为了降低加强部243与根部2221干涉的风险，加强部243设置于容纳部2411的边角位置。例如，容纳部2411为设置于翼部241的矩形通孔。加强部243可以为设置于容纳部2411四角的加强筋。
通过在容纳部2411内设置加强部243，加强翼部241的强度，使得翼部241不易变形，从而保持极耳部2222的固定形态，降低因翼部241变形而导致的极耳222损伤的风险，提升电池单体20的安全性。
在一些实施例中，容纳部2411的侧壁与第一表面2412之间圆弧过渡。
当容纳部2411为容纳槽时，容纳部2411包括槽底壁和槽侧壁，其中，槽侧壁沿着槽底壁的边缘设置。容纳部2411的侧壁是指容纳槽的槽侧壁。当容纳部2411为通孔时，容纳部2411的侧壁为通孔的孔壁。
由于极耳222的根部2221部分容纳于容纳部2411内，极耳222很容易与容纳部2411的侧壁和第一表面2412的连接位置接触，通过使容纳部2411的侧壁与第一表面2412圆弧过渡，降低极耳222被割伤的风险，有利于提升电池单体20的安全性。
在一些实施例中，沿第三方向，容纳部2411的尺寸大于根部2221的尺寸。第三方向垂直于第一方向。
第三方向是垂直于第一方向的任意方向，例如，第三方向可以是支撑件24的长度方向，也可以是支撑件24的宽度方向。当第三方向为支撑件24的宽度方向时，第三方向和第二方向同向。
在本实施例中，第三方向为支撑件24的长度方向。
通过使容纳部2411沿第三方向的尺寸大于根部2221沿第三方向的尺寸，有利于降低对支撑件24装配精度的要求，使得支撑件24的位置即使有一定偏差，根部2221也能够伸入容纳部2411内。
请参照图3、图4、图5和图12，图12为图5中B-B位置的剖视图(容纳部2411为减薄形成)。在一些实施例中，沿第一方向，翼部241具有面向主体部221的第一表面2412。沿第二方向，翼部241具有相对设置的第一端和第二端，极耳部2222绕设第二端弯折。第一表面2412为斜面，沿第一端指向第二端的方向，斜面与主体部221在第一方向上的距离逐渐减小，以在翼部241面向主体部221的一侧形成容纳部2411。
第一表面2412为斜面，并且第一端相比于第二端更加远离主体部221。简而言之，从第一端指向第二端，第一斜面向下倾斜布置。
将第一表面2412设置为斜面，并且第一端相比于第二端更加远离主体部221，这样，在第一端与主体部221之间的空间相比于第二端与主体部221之间的空间更大，以在靠近第一端的位置形成容纳部2411，使得根部2221容纳于容纳部2411内，翼部241和根部2221占用的总空间减小，有利于提升电池单体20的能量密度。
在一些实施例中，翼部241具有背离主体部221的第二表面2413。第二表面2413垂直于第一方向。
第二表面2413为平面，第二表面2413垂直于第一方向，表明第二表面2413未倾斜布置。这样，沿第一方向，翼部241可以看作是从第二端指向第一端的方向逐渐减薄以在翼部241面向主体部221的一侧形成容纳部2411。
在另一些实施例中，第二表面2413与第一表面2412平行。此时，可以看作是将翼部241倾斜设置，以在翼部241面向主体部221的一侧形成容纳部2411。
在一些实施例中，沿第一方向，根部2221最远离主体部221的部分容纳于容纳部2411。
根部2221最远离主体部221的部分也可以理解为：沿着主体部221指向壁部的方向上根部2221的最高部分。
通过将根部2221最远离主体部221的部分容纳于容纳部2411内，使得翼部241和根部2221占用的总空间减小，有利于提升电池单体20的能量密度。
请参照图12，在一些实施例中，极耳部2222包括第一连接部22221、第二连接部22223和弯折部22222，弯折部22222连接第一连接部22221和第二连接部22223。第一连接部22221连接于根部2221。沿第一方向，第一连接部22221和第二连接部22223分别位于翼部241的两侧。
第一连接部22221是极耳部2222中位于翼部241沿第一方向面向主体部221的一侧的部分。
弯折部22222是极耳部2222中沿第二方向位于翼部241一侧的部分。
第二连接部22223是极耳部2222中位于翼部241沿第一方向背离主体部221的一侧的部分。第二连接部22223可以与导电件电连接，以输出电池单体20的电能或者向电池单体20输入电能。
第一连接部22221与根部2221相连，第二连接部22223用于与导电件相连，以便于输出电池单体20的电能。第一连接部22221和第二连接部22223分别位于翼部241的两侧，并通过弯折部22222相连，这样，极耳部2222沿着固定形态收拢，实现了极耳222的整形，使得极耳222不易分叉内插，提升了电池单体20的安全性。
在一些实施例中，支撑件24包括本体部242，沿第二方向，本体部242的至少一侧设置有翼部241，极耳部2222绕着翼部241远离本体部242的一端弯折。本体部242用于与主体部221相抵接。第二方向垂直于第一方向。
本体部242是支撑件24上用于与主体部221相抵接的部分。本体部242与翼部241相连，以实现对翼部241的定位。
第一端是翼部241沿第二方向与本体部242相连的一端，第二端是翼部241沿第二方向背离本体部242的一端。
支撑部2414设置于容纳部2411沿第二方向背离本体部242的一侧。
在电芯倒置的场景下，本体部242能对主体部221起到支撑作用，使得主体部221的重力不易传递给极耳222，不易造成极耳222分叉内插，提升了电池单体20的安全性。当然，在其他场景下，例如电池单体20受到振动时，本体部242也可以抵接于主体部221，使得外力不易经主体部221传递给极耳222，不易造成极耳222分叉内插，提升了电池单体20的安全性。
请参照图12，在一些实施例中，沿第二方向，本体部242的两侧均设置有翼部241。电极组件22具有两个极耳222，支撑件24位于两个极耳222之间。一个极耳222的极耳部2222绕着与其对应的一个翼部241弯折。
沿第二方向，两个极耳222分别位于支撑件24的两侧，且两个极耳222均绕着支撑件24弯折。
在一些实施例中，沿第二方向，位于支撑件24的两侧的两个相对的极耳222均为正极极耳或均为负极极耳。也即沿第二方向，位于支撑件24的两侧的两个相对的极耳222的极性相同。
通过使两个极耳222分别绕着位于本体部242的两侧两个翼部241弯折，这样一个支撑件24就能够实现对位于支撑件24两侧的两个极耳222的整形，使得两个极耳222均不易分叉内插，提升了电池单体20的安全性。
在一些实施例中，沿第三方向，电极组件22包括两个间隔设置的极耳222，两个间隔设置的极耳222均绕着一个翼部241弯折。第一方向、第二方向和第三方向两两垂直。两个沿第三方向间隔设置的极耳222的极性相反。若其中一个为正极极耳，则另一个为负极极耳。
在一些实施例中，壁部与极耳部2222直接连接。
端盖211可以形成朝向电极组件22凸出的凸起结构，以便于极耳部2222与凸起结构连接，以将极耳部2222与端盖211电连接。
极耳222直接与壁部电连接，通过壁部输出或输入电池单体20的电能。
在一些实施例中，电池单体20包括电极端子213，电极端子213设置于壁部，电极端子213与极耳部2222直接连接。
极耳222与电极端子213连接，通过电极端子213输出或输入电池单体20的电能。
在本实施例中，电池单体20包括电极端子213和集流构件25，电极端子213设置于壁部。集流构件25与电极端子213电连接，集流构件25与极耳部2222直接连接。
集流构件25连接第二连接部22223和电极端子213，以将极耳222与电极端子213电连接。
极耳222与集流构件25连接，集流构件25与电极端子213连接，通过电极端子213输出或输入电池单体20的电能。
本申请实施例还提供了一种电池100，电池100包括上述的电池单体20。
本申请实施例还提供了一种用电设备，用电设备包括上述的电池100，电池 100用于为用电设备提供电能。
根据本申请的一些实施例，请参照图3～图12。
本申请实施例提供了一种电池单体20，电池单体20包括外壳21、电极组件22和支撑件24。外壳21具有壁部。电极组件22具有主体部221和极耳222，沿第一方向，极耳222凸出于主体部221面向壁部的一端。极耳222包括根部2221和极耳部2222，根部2221连接主体部221和极耳部2222。支撑件24设置于主体部221面向壁部的一侧。支撑件24包括翼部241，极耳部2222绕着翼部241弯折。其中，翼部241设置有容纳部2411，容纳部2411用于容纳根部2221的一部分。
该电池单体20的壁部和主体部221之间设置有支撑件24，极耳部2222绕着支撑件24的翼部241弯折，使得极耳部2222沿着固定形态收拢，能够保护极耳222，使得极耳222不易分叉内插，提升了电池单体20的安全性。另外，极耳222的根部2221硬度相对较大，沿第一方向，根部2221的最高位置超出于根部2221与极耳部2222的连接位置，翼部241和根部2221占用的总空间较大，导致电池单体20的能量密度较小。本申请实施例通过在支撑件24的翼部241上设置容纳部2411，极耳222的根部2221能够容纳于容纳部2411内，使得翼部241和根部2221占用的总空间减小，留给主体部221的空间相对能够增大，有利于提升电池单体20的能量密度。
沿第一方向，翼部241具有面向主体部221的第一表面2412，容纳部2411为从第一表面2412向背离主体部221的方向凹陷的容纳槽。容纳部2411为开设于翼部241的凹槽，沿第一方向，容纳部2411从翼部241面向主体部221的表面向着翼部241背离主体部221的表面凹陷。容纳部2411为凹槽时，既能够容纳根部2221的一部分，使得翼部241和根部2221占用的总空间减小，还能使翼部241具有较高的强度。
沿第一方向，翼部241具有面向主体部221的第一表面2412和背离主体部221的第二表面2413，容纳部2411为贯穿第一表面2412和第二表面2413的通孔。容纳部2411为开设于翼部241的通孔，沿第一方向，容纳部2411贯穿翼部241面向主体部221的表面和翼部241背离主体部221的表面。容纳部2411为通孔时，能够给根部2221提供更多的容纳空间，使得根部2221的大部分能够容纳于容纳部2411内或者允许根部2221穿过容纳部2411，使得翼部241和根部2221占用的总空间进一步减小，有利于提升电池单体20的能量密度。
沿第一方向，翼部241具有面向主体部221的第一表面2412。沿第二方向，翼部241具有相对设置的第一端和第二端，极耳部2222绕设第二端弯折。第一表面2412为斜面，沿第一端指向第二端的方向，斜面与主体部221在第一方向上的距离逐渐减小，以在翼部241面向主体部221的一侧形成容纳部2411。翼部241具有背离主体部221的第二表面2413，第二表面2413垂直于第一方向。翼部241可以看作是从第二端指向第一端的方向逐渐减薄以在翼部241面向主体部221的一侧形成容纳部2411。
以上所述仅为本申请的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本申请，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本申请可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本申请的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本申请的保护范围之内。

Claims (18)

  1. 一种电池单体，其中，包括：
    外壳，具有壁部；
    电极组件，具有主体部和极耳，沿第一方向，所述极耳凸出于所述主体部面向所述壁部的一端，所述极耳包括根部和极耳部，所述根部连接所述主体部和所述极耳部；
    支撑件，设置于所述主体部面向所述壁部的一侧，所述支撑件包括翼部，所述极耳部绕着所述翼部弯折；
    所述翼部设置有容纳部，所述容纳部用于容纳所述根部的一部分。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述电池单体，其中，沿所述第一方向，所述翼部具有面向所述主体部的第一表面，所述容纳部为从所述第一表面向背离所述主体部的方向凹陷的容纳槽。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述电池单体，其中，沿所述第一方向，所述翼部具有面向所述主体部的第一表面和背离所述主体部的第二表面，所述容纳部为贯穿所述第一表面和第二表面的通孔。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述电池单体，其中，所述翼部还包括支撑部，沿第二方向，所述支撑部位于所述容纳部的一侧，所述极耳部绕着所述支撑部弯折，所述支撑部用于支撑所述极耳部，所述第二方向垂直于所述第一方向。
  5. 根据权利要求2-4任一项所述电池单体，其中，所述容纳部内设置有加强部。
  6. 根据权利要求2-5任一项所述电池单体，其中，所述容纳部的侧壁与所述第一表面之间圆弧过渡。
  7. 根据权利要求2-6任一项所述电池单体，其中，沿第三方向，所述容纳部的尺寸大于所述根部的尺寸；
    所述第三方向垂直于所述第一方向。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述电池单体，其中，沿所述第一方向，所述翼部具有面向所述主体部的第一表面；
    沿第二方向，所述翼部具有相对设置的第一端和第二端，所述极耳部绕设所述第二端弯折；
    所述第一表面为斜面，沿所述第一端指向所述第二端的方向，所述斜面与所述主体部在第一方向上的距离逐渐减小，以在所述翼部面向所述主体部的一侧形成所述容纳部。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述电池单体，其中，所述翼部具有背离所述主体部的第二表面，所述第二表面垂直于所述第一方向。
  10. 根据权利要求1-9任一项所述电池单体，其中，沿所述第一方向，所述根部最远离所述主体部的部分容纳于所述容纳部。
  11. 根据权利要求1-10任一项所述电池单体，其中，所述极耳部包括第一连接 部、第二连接部和弯折部，所述弯折部连接所述第一连接部和所述第二连接部，所述第一连接部连接于所述根部，沿所述第一方向，所述第一连接部和所述第二连接部分别位于所述翼部的两侧。
  12. 根据权利要求1-11任一项所述电池单体，其中，所述支撑件包括本体部，沿第二方向，所述本体部的至少一侧设置有所述翼部，所述极耳部绕着所述翼部远离所述本体部的一端弯折，所述本体部用于与所述主体部相抵接，所述第二方向垂直于所述第一方向。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述电池单体，其中，沿所述第二方向，所述本体部的两侧均设置有所述翼部，所述电极组件具有两个所述极耳，所述支撑件位于两个所述极耳之间，一个所述极耳的极耳部绕着与其对应的一个所述翼部弯折。
  14. 根据权利要求1-13任一项所述电池单体，其中，所述壁部与所述极耳部直接连接。
  15. 根据权利要求1-13任一项所述电池单体，其中，所述电池单体包括：
    电极端子，设置于所述壁部，所述电极端子与所述极耳部直接连接。
  16. 根据权利要求1-13任一项所述电池单体，其中，所述电池单体包括：
    电极端子，设置于所述壁部；
    集流构件，与所述电极端子电连接，所述集流构件与所述极耳部直接连接。
  17. 一种电池，其中，包括根据权利要求1-16任一项所述的电池单体。
  18. 一种用电设备，其中，包括根据权利要求17所述的电池，所述电池用于为所述用电设备提供电能。
PCT/CN2022/125955 2022-10-18 2022-10-18 电池单体、电池及用电设备 WO2024082138A1 (zh)

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