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WO2023231228A1 - 气流输送管道的外部静压估算方法及空调系统的控制方法 - Google Patents

气流输送管道的外部静压估算方法及空调系统的控制方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023231228A1
WO2023231228A1 PCT/CN2022/119516 CN2022119516W WO2023231228A1 WO 2023231228 A1 WO2023231228 A1 WO 2023231228A1 CN 2022119516 W CN2022119516 W CN 2022119516W WO 2023231228 A1 WO2023231228 A1 WO 2023231228A1
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Prior art keywords
air flow
static pressure
conditioning system
motor
air conditioning
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PCT/CN2022/119516
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王继忠
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中山大洋电机股份有限公司
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Priority to US18/518,403 priority Critical patent/US20240085051A1/en
Publication of WO2023231228A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023231228A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
    • G06F30/20—Design optimisation, verification or simulation
    • G06F30/28—Design optimisation, verification or simulation using fluid dynamics, e.g. using Navier-Stokes equations or computational fluid dynamics [CFD]
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/70—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof
    • F24F11/72—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the supply of treated air, e.g. its pressure
    • F24F11/74—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the supply of treated air, e.g. its pressure for controlling air flow rate or air velocity
    • F24F11/75—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the supply of treated air, e.g. its pressure for controlling air flow rate or air velocity for maintaining constant air flow rate or air velocity
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/30—Control or safety arrangements for purposes related to the operation of the system, e.g. for safety or monitoring
    • F24F11/32—Responding to malfunctions or emergencies
    • F24F11/38—Failure diagnosis
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/30—Control or safety arrangements for purposes related to the operation of the system, e.g. for safety or monitoring
    • F24F11/32—Responding to malfunctions or emergencies
    • F24F11/39—Monitoring filter performance
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/62—Control or safety arrangements characterised by the type of control or by internal processing, e.g. using fuzzy logic, adaptive control or estimation of values
    • F24F11/63—Electronic processing
    • F24F11/64—Electronic processing using pre-stored data
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/89—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
    • G06F30/10—Geometric CAD
    • G06F30/18—Network design, e.g. design based on topological or interconnect aspects of utility systems, piping, heating ventilation air conditioning [HVAC] or cabling
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F2110/00—Control inputs relating to air properties
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F2110/00—Control inputs relating to air properties
    • F24F2110/40—Pressure, e.g. wind pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F2140/00—Control inputs relating to system states
    • F24F2140/60—Energy consumption
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F2111/00—Details relating to CAD techniques
    • G06F2111/10—Numerical modelling
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F2113/00—Details relating to the application field
    • G06F2113/08—Fluids
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F2113/00—Details relating to the application field
    • G06F2113/14—Pipes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F2119/00—Details relating to the type or aim of the analysis or the optimisation
    • G06F2119/02—Reliability analysis or reliability optimisation; Failure analysis, e.g. worst case scenario performance, failure mode and effects analysis [FMEA]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
    • Y02B30/70—Efficient control or regulation technologies, e.g. for control of refrigerant flow, motor or heating

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for estimating external static pressure of an air flow conveying pipeline and a method for controlling an air conditioning system.
  • each air flow duct is equipped with a filter, and each air flow duct is equipped with a filter.
  • a PM motor is installed in each air flow conveying pipe. The PM motor drives a wind wheel.
  • the central air conditioning controller controls the air flow of the PM motor so that the air flow conveying pipe has a constant air flow output.
  • central air conditioning In addition, in commercial central air conditioning systems (or HVAC systems), such as shopping malls and large office buildings, central air conditioning requires dozens or even hundreds of branch air flow delivery ducts to deliver cold air to different locations.
  • each A filter is installed in the branch air flow conveying pipe, and a PM motor is installed in each air flow conveying pipe.
  • the PM motor drives a wind wheel.
  • the central air conditioning controller controls the air flow of the PM motor so that the air flow conveying pipe has a constant air flow output. .
  • the system controller of the central air conditioning needs to know the external static pressure data ESP (External static pressure) of the air flow delivery pipes in different locations to understand the operation of the entire system and which part is faulty. Which part needs to adjust the air flow?
  • the external static pressure data ESP is an important parameter for the central air-conditioning system controller. This parameter helps to understand the operation of the entire central air-conditioning system and determine which part is faulty and which part is faulty.
  • the air flow delivery duct in the location needs to adjust the air flow. These are critical to improving the performance of the system controller of the central air conditioner.
  • each branch air flow conveying pipe is equipped with a filter, which is replaced according to working hours. It is possible to replace all of them in 3 months.
  • many branch air flow conveying pipes are equipped with filters that are far from blocked. In this way, one-size-fits-all changes are made according to working hours. It takes time to replace them all, which will inevitably lead to an increase in usage costs. If you understand the changes in static pressure in the air delivery pipe, you can predict the clogging of the filter and avoid waste caused by replacement according to working hours.
  • the most commonly used equipment for measuring the static pressure of central air-conditioning air delivery pipes is a static pressure tester.
  • the static pressure testers currently on the market are large in size, high in cost, and have very high measurement accuracy. Although they can meet the requirements, it is obvious that in each air flow delivery pipe It is not practical to install a static pressure tester inside because the cost is too high and it cannot be installed widely. However, in household central air conditioning or commercial central air conditioning systems, it is indeed necessary to understand the external static pressure changes in the air flow delivery pipe, but the accuracy requirements are not high. If one more static pressure sensor is installed in each air flow conveying pipe, the cost will be higher, the wiring will be complicated, and the installation will be troublesome.
  • the first object of the present invention is to provide a method for estimating the external static pressure of an air flow conveying pipeline.
  • the PM motor can be used to estimate the external static pressure in a constant flow control environment without adding any additional static pressure measurement equipment.
  • the air conditioning system can understand the external static pressure feedback data of the air flow delivery pipes in different locations in real time, making it easier to understand the operation of the entire central air conditioning system and make corresponding controls.
  • the second object of the present invention is to provide a control method for an air conditioning system.
  • the PM motor in the air flow conveying pipe is used to estimate the external static pressure of the air flow conveying pipe, and the external static pressure ESP is calculated and sent to the air conditioning system controller, and then used
  • the external static pressure ESP controls the constant air flow CFM of the air conditioning system, expanding the functions of the air conditioning system and improving the cost performance.
  • the third object of the present invention is to provide a control method for an air-conditioning system.
  • the PM motor in the air-flow conveying pipe is used to estimate the external static pressure of the air-flow conveying pipe, and the external static pressure ESP is calculated and sent to the air-conditioning system controller, and then used
  • the external static pressure ESP determines the clogging status of the air conditioning system filter or the need for replacement, expands the functions of the air conditioning system, and improves cost performance.
  • the fourth object of the present invention is to provide a control method for an air conditioning system by providing time-varying external static pressure ESP estimates of branch airflow delivery pipes located at different locations to the air conditioning system controller, and the air conditioning system controller collects ESP estimates at different locations.
  • the external static pressure ESP of different time periods is fed back by the PM motor in the branch air flow conveying pipe.
  • a method for estimating the external static pressure of an air flow conveying pipe A PM motor and a wind wheel are installed in the air flow conveying pipe.
  • the said motor is a PM motor, including a stator assembly, a permanent magnet rotor assembly and a motor controller.
  • the said motor includes a microprocessor, the PM motor drives a wind wheel, and performs constant flow control on the PM motor so that the air flow conveying pipe has a constant air flow CFM output.
  • the characteristic is that: the external static pressure ESP of the air flow conveying pipe is utilized.
  • the constant air flow rate CFM and the motor input power POWER are calculated and obtained.
  • a control method for an air conditioning system used to control a constant air flow.
  • the air conditioning system includes an air conditioning system controller and several air flow conveying pipes located at different positions.
  • a PM motor is installed in the air flow conveying pipe, and the PM motor drives a The wind wheel performs constant flow control on the PM motor so that the air flow conveying pipe has a constant air flow CFM output, and is characterized in that: the PM motor in the air flow conveying pipe uses the above-mentioned external static pressure estimation method of the air flow conveying pipe, The external static pressure ESP is calculated and sent to the air conditioning system controller, and then the external static pressure ESP is used to control the constant air flow CFM of the air conditioning system.
  • the above-mentioned air conditioning system controller sends corresponding instructions to the PM motors of the air flow ducts in different locations to appropriately reduce or increase the constant air flow CFM based on the external static pressure ESP fed back by the PM motors in the air flow ducts in different locations.
  • a control method for an air conditioning system used to determine whether the filter of the air conditioning system is clogged or replaced.
  • the air conditioning system includes an air conditioning system controller and several air flow conveying pipes located at different positions. PM motors are installed in the air flow conveying pipes. , the PM motor drives a wind wheel, and performs constant current control on the PM motor so that the air flow conveying pipe has a constant air flow CFM output.
  • a filter is also installed in the air flow conveying pipe, and the PM motor in the air flow conveying pipe
  • the external static pressure ESP is calculated and sent to the air conditioning system controller, and then the external static pressure ESP is used to determine the filter clogging status or replacement needs of the air conditioning system.
  • the air conditioning system controls The device sends an alarm signal, indicating that the filter screen of the air flow conveying pipe at this location is clogged and the filter screen needs to be replaced.
  • the PM motor feeds back the external static pressure ESP to the air conditioning system controller under a certain constant air flow CFM and a certain motor input power POWER, and the air conditioning system controller records
  • the initial external static pressure when replacing a new filter can be used to conduct big data analysis and determine the fault point in the future using the initial external static pressure data when replacing a new filter.
  • a control method for an air conditioning system used to determine the failure and fault of the air conditioning system.
  • the air conditioning system includes an air conditioning system controller and several air flow conveying pipes located at different positions.
  • PM motors are installed in the air flow conveying pipes.
  • the PM motors Drive a wind wheel and perform constant current control on the PM motor so that the air flow conveying pipe has a constant air flow CFM output, which is characterized in that: the PM motor in the air flow conveying pipe utilizes the external static pressure of the air flow conveying pipe.
  • the external static pressure ESP is calculated and sent to the air conditioning system controller, and then the external static pressure ESP is used to predict the failure and fault status of the air conditioning system.
  • the above is provided to the air conditioning system controller by providing time-varying external static pressure ESP estimates of the branch air flow delivery ducts located at different locations.
  • the air conditioning system controller collects external feedback of PM motors in the branch air flow delivery ducts at different locations at different time periods. Static pressure ESP, these data are used to predict and judge the failure and fault status of the entire air conditioning system through big data analysis.
  • the present invention has the following effects:
  • PM motors can provide better constant current control performance under changing conditions because the air flow CFM can be adjusted according to changes in external static pressure.
  • the upper-level controller collects the data of the PM motors in the branch airflow delivery ducts at different locations. Feedback of external static pressure ESP in different time periods, these data can be used to predict failures and malfunctions of the entire air conditioning system through big data analysis.
  • the upper controller By providing time-varying external static pressure ESP estimates of branch airflow delivery pipes located in different locations to the upper controller (i.e., the air conditioning system controller), the upper controller then remotely transmits the data to the backend computer center for analysis through the Internet of Things. Then remote monitoring, ESP feedback can play a greater role in the business environment.
  • the upper controller i.e., the air conditioning system controller
  • Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a traditional central air conditioning system
  • Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the branch air flow transport pipeline in Figure 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the installation of the PM motor of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a perspective view of the PM motor of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a perspective view of the motor controller of the PM motor of the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view of the PM motor of the present invention.
  • Figure 7 is an implementation circuit block diagram of a motor controller for a PM motor according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • Figure 8 is the circuit diagram corresponding to Figure 7;
  • Figure 9 is a diagram showing the relationship between external static pressure ESP and motor input power POWER in a constant current control environment
  • Figure 10 is a three-dimensional diagram of the characteristic relationship between external static pressure ESP, motor input power POWER and constant air flow CFM of the present invention.
  • central air conditioners require dozens or even hundreds of branch air flow delivery ducts. Only 4 branch air flow delivery ducts are shown in the figure to deliver air to different locations.
  • a filter is installed in each branch air flow conveying pipe, and a PM motor is installed in each air flow conveying pipe.
  • the PM motor drives a wind wheel.
  • the central air conditioning system controller and the PM motor are installed in each air flow conveying pipe. Communicating through a data communication line connection, the central air conditioning system controller controls the air flow of the PM motor so that the air flow delivery pipe has a constant air flow output.
  • the PM motor provided in this embodiment can be an inductive DC brushless motor.
  • the inductive DC brushless motor is composed of a motor unit 1 and a motor controller 2.
  • the motor The unit 1 includes a stator assembly 12, a rotor assembly 13 and a casing assembly 11.
  • the stator assembly 12 is installed on the casing assembly 11.
  • the rotor assembly 13 is set inside the stator assembly 12.
  • the motor controller 2 includes a control box 22 and is installed on the casing assembly 11.
  • the control circuit board 21 inside the control box 22 generally includes a power circuit, a microprocessor MCU, a phase line current detection circuit, and an inverter circuit.
  • the power circuit supplies power to each part of the circuit, and the phase line current detection circuit will detect
  • the phase line current is input to the microprocessor MCU, the microprocessor MCU controls the inverter circuit, and the inverter circuit controls the power on and off of each phase coil winding of the stator assembly 12 .
  • the PM motor is an inductive DC brushless motor and a 3-phase brushless DC permanent magnet synchronous motor.
  • the AC input (AC INPUT) passes through diodes D7, D8, D9, After the full-wave rectification circuit composed of D10, the DC bus voltage Vbus is output at one end of the capacitor C1.
  • the DC bus voltage Vbus is related to the input AC voltage.
  • the bus voltage Vbus is constant, and the 3-phase
  • the inverter circuit consists of electronic switches Q1, Q2, Q3, It consists of Q4, Q5, and Q6.
  • the control terminals of the electronic switching tubes Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4, Q5, and Q6 are respectively controlled by 6 PWM signals (P1, P2, P3, P4, P5, P6) output by the microprocessor.
  • the inverter circuit is also connected to the resistor R1 for detecting the bus current I.
  • the bus current detection circuit converts the detected bus current I of the resistor R1 and sends it to the microprocessor.
  • the non-inductive DC brushless motor adopts vector control, usually using FOC control mode (i.e. field oriented control).
  • FOC control mode i.e. field oriented control
  • PM motor direct power disclosed in US patent: US9752976 and Chinese patent CN201410042547.8.
  • Controlled constant air volume control method can also use a sensor brushless motor.
  • the sensor brushless motor has a Hall element that detects the rotor position. For details, see US patent: US9752976 and Chinese patent CN201410042547.8. plan.
  • the present invention is based on a method for estimating external static pressure using a PM motor in a constant current control environment.
  • the constant air volume control method of PM motor direct power control and its In the air conditioning system used in the application disclose a constant air volume control method of PM motor direct power control, that is, constant flow control (constant air flow control).
  • the present invention is an extension of the constant air flow control.
  • the PM motor is used to estimate the external static pressure, so the constant current control (i.e. constant air volume control) will not be described in detail here. You can refer to the contents of the US patent: US9752976 and the Chinese patent CN201410042547.8.
  • the present invention performs secondary modeling on the basis of constant current control (i.e., constant air volume control), that is, establishing a mathematical model for external static pressure estimation.
  • constant current control i.e., constant air volume control
  • the mathematical model There are three system variables, namely external static pressure ESP, power POWER and airflow flow CFM. The relationship between them is the basis for establishing a mathematical model for external static pressure estimation.
  • external static pressure ESP external static pressure
  • power POWER power POWER
  • airflow flow CFM airflow flow CFM.
  • the fan motor The drive pushes the air inflow to a stable state to produce a constant air flow CFM.
  • a constant airflow control is achieved by controlling power and speed.
  • Figure 9 is a typical graph of motor input power POWER with external static pressure ESP. Under certain operating conditions, the motor input power POWER has a linear relationship with the external static pressure ESP, which makes it possible to conduct more accurate modeling and estimation.
  • Figure 10 is a three-dimensional simulation diagram of external static pressure ESP, motor input power POWER and air flow CFM established through a motor test data. It shows the relationship between external static pressure ESP, motor input power POWER and air flow CFM. It is mathematical Modeling provides the basis.
  • variable Reduce the computational burden on the microprocessor inside the motor controller.
  • motor input power POWER and air flow CFM are variables
  • K0, K1, K2 and K3 are coefficients, which are constant, so in the constant air volume control environment of PM motor direct power control (see US9752976 and Chinese patent CN201410042547. 8)), by constructing the experimentally measured data of four points (ESP1, POWER1, CFM1), (ESP2, POWER2, CFM2), (ESP3, POWER3, CFM3) and (ESP4, POWER4, CFM4) and substituting them into the equations to form an equation.
  • the coefficients K0, K1, K2 and K3 can be solved by the combination.
  • the mathematical model for external static pressure estimation using PM motors in a constant current control environment is established.
  • the external static pressure ESP is related to the motor input power POWER and the constant air flow CFM.
  • the present invention is a method for estimating the external static pressure of an air flow conveying pipe (that is, using a PM motor to estimate the external static pressure in a constant flow control environment).
  • the PM motor and a wind wheel are installed in the air flow conveying pipe.
  • the motor is PM motor, the PM motor includes a stator assembly, a permanent magnet rotor assembly and a motor controller.
  • the motor controller includes a microprocessor.
  • the PM motor drives a wind wheel and performs constant current control on the PM motor so that the air flow conveying pipe has a constant flow rate.
  • the air flow CFM output is characterized in that: the external static pressure ESP of the air flow conveying pipe is calculated and obtained by using the two variables of the constant air flow CFM and the motor input power POWER.
  • F(X,Y,K) K0+K1 ⁇ X+K2 ⁇ Y+K3 ⁇ X ⁇ Y, where the variable The coefficient, F(X,Y,K) represents the external static pressure ESP.
  • the present invention uses a PM motor to estimate the external static pressure in a constant current control environment, which is verified through experimental data, as shown in Table 1:
  • the error between the external static pressure ESP calculated by the present invention through Formula 2 and the actual measured ESP is within 0.06, and most of the errors are within 0.04, which basically meets the needs of customers (because customers do not require accurate detection of external static pressure). pressure, the error is completely acceptable within 0.06).
  • the present invention's external static pressure estimation method using a PM motor in a constant current control environment is completely feasible, and the calculation mathematical model is simple, which greatly reduces the calculation burden of the microprocessor in the motor controller. Use PM motors to estimate external static pressure in a constant current control environment.
  • the estimation method of external static pressure ESP is calculated using two variables: constant air flow CFM and motor input power POWER. There is no need to add any additional static pressure measurement equipment.
  • a control method for an air conditioning system is a constant air flow control method for an air conditioning system.
  • the air conditioning system includes an air conditioning system controller and several air flow delivery pipes located at different locations.
  • a PM motor is installed in the pipeline, and the PM motor drives a wind wheel.
  • the PM motor is controlled at a constant flow so that the air flow conveying pipe has a constant air flow CFM output.
  • the characteristic is that the PM motor in the air flow conveying pipe uses the method described in Embodiment 1.
  • a method for estimating the external static pressure of air flow conveying pipes The external static pressure ESP is calculated and sent to the air conditioning system controller, and then the external static pressure ESP is used to control the constant air flow CFM of the air conditioning system.
  • the air conditioning system controller of the present invention understands the changes and amplitude of the external static pressure ESP fed back by the PM motors of the air flow conveying ducts in different locations, and the air conditioning system controller sends corresponding instructions to the PM motors of the air flow conveying ducts in different locations. , appropriately reduce or increase the constant air flow CFM, so that the PM motor can provide better constant flow control performance under external static pressure changes.
  • the above-mentioned air conditioning system controller sends corresponding instructions to the PM motors of the air flow ducts in different locations to appropriately reduce or increase the constant air flow CFM based on the external static pressure ESP fed back by the PM motors in the air flow ducts in different locations. Expand the functions of the air conditioning system and improve the cost performance.
  • a control method for an air conditioning system is a method for determining filter clogging and replacement in an air conditioning system.
  • the air conditioning system includes an air conditioning system controller and several air flow delivery pipes located at different locations.
  • a PM motor is installed in the air flow conveying pipe.
  • the PM motor drives a wind wheel.
  • the PM motor is controlled at a constant flow so that the air flow conveying pipe has a constant air flow CFM output.
  • the characteristic is: a filter is also installed in the air flow conveying pipe.
  • the PM motor in the air flow conveying pipe uses an external static pressure estimation method of the air flow conveying pipe described in Embodiment 1 to calculate the external static pressure ESP and send it to the air conditioning system controller, and then uses the external static pressure ESP to control the air conditioning system. Determine the clogging status of the filter or the need for replacement.
  • the PM motor feeds back the external static pressure ESP to the air conditioning system controller under a certain constant air flow CFM and a certain motor input power POWER, and the air conditioning system controller records
  • the initial external static pressure when replacing a new filter can be used to conduct big data analysis and determine the fault point in the future using the initial external static pressure data when replacing a new filter.
  • Embodiment 4 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment 4:
  • a control method for an air conditioning system that is, a method for determining failure and failure of an air conditioning system.
  • the air conditioning system includes an air conditioning system controller and several air flow conveying ducts located at different locations.
  • PM motors are installed in the air flow conveying ducts.
  • the PM motor drives a wind wheel, and performs constant current control on the PM motor so that the air flow conveying pipe has a constant air flow CFM output, which is characterized in that: the PM motor in the air flow conveying pipe uses an air flow conveying method described in Embodiment 1
  • the external static pressure estimation method of the pipeline calculates the external static pressure ESP and sends it to the air conditioning system controller, and then uses the external static pressure ESP to predict the failure and fault status of the air conditioning system.
  • the above is provided to the air conditioning system controller by providing time-varying external static pressure ESP estimates of the branch air flow delivery ducts located at different locations.
  • the air conditioning system controller collects external feedback of PM motors in the branch air flow delivery ducts at different locations at different time periods. Static pressure ESP, these data are used to predict and judge the failure and fault status of the entire air conditioning system through big data analysis. Expand the functions of the air conditioning system and improve the cost performance.
  • the air conditioning system controller By providing time-varying external static pressure ESP estimates of branch airflow delivery pipes located at different locations to the upper controller (i.e., the air conditioning system controller), the air conditioning system controller then remotely transmits the data to the backend computer center for analysis through the Internet of Things, and then remotely Monitoring, ESP feedback can play a greater role in business environments.
  • the upper controller i.e., the air conditioning system controller

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Abstract

本发明公开了气流输送管道的外部静压估算方法及空调系统的控制方法，对PM电机进行恒流控制使气流输送管道有一个恒定气流量CFM输出，外部静压ESP的估算方法是利用恒定气流量CFM和电机输入功率POWER两个变量来计算获得，它无需增加任何额外静压测量设备就可以进行外部静压估算，在不增加任何额外成本、不改动产品结构的基础上使空调系统能实时了解不同地点气流输送管道的外部静压反馈数据，便于了解整个中央空调系统的运行情况及做出相应的控制，提升性能，计算数学模型简单。

Description

气流输送管道的外部静压估算方法及空调系统的控制方法 技术领域
本发明涉及一种气流输送管道的外部静压估算方法及空调系统的控制方法。
背景技术
在家用的中央空调系统(或者称HVAC系统，英文翻译Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning System)因需要输送气流到不同的房间，需要安装多个气流输送管道，每个气流输送管道里面设置滤网，而每个气流输送管道里面安装一台PM电机，PM电机驱动一个风轮，中央空调控制器通过对PM电机进行气流控制使气流输送管道有一个恒定气流量输出。
另外，在商业的中央空调系统(或者HVAC系统)中，例如购物商场、大型办公类建筑物，中央空调需要数十甚至数百个分支气流输送管道，以向不同地点输送冷气，同样，每个分支气流输送管道里面设置滤网，而每个气流输送管道里面安装一台PM电机，PM电机驱动一个风轮，中央空调控制器通过对PM电机进行气流控制使气流输送管道有一个恒定气流量输出。
在家用的中央空调或者商业的中央空调统中，中央空调的系统控制器需要获知不同地点气流输送管道的外部静压数据ESP(External static pressure)，以了解整个系统的运行情况，哪个部分出现故障，哪个部分需要调节气流量，无疑外部静压数据ESP对于中央空调的系统控制器来讲是一个重要的参数，该参数有助于了解整个中央空调系统的运行情况，判断哪个部分出现故障，哪个位置的气流输送管道需要调节气流量。这些对于提升中央空调的系统控制器的性能至关重要。
还有，目前每个分支气流输送管道里面设置滤网，是按工作时间来更换，有可能3个月全部更换，但好多分支气流输送管道里面设置滤网还远未堵塞，这样一刀切地按工作时间来全部更换，势必造成使用成本的增加，如果了解气流输送管道里面静压变化就可以预判滤网堵塞状况，避免按工作时间来更换造成浪费。
测量中央空调气流输送管道的静压常用的设备时静压测试仪，目前市场上静压测试仪体积大，成本高，且测量精度非常高，虽可以满足要求，但是显然在每个气流输送管道里面安装静压测试仪是不太现实，因为成本太高且无法安装普及。但是，家用的中央空调或者系商业的中央空调统中确实需要了解气流输送管道里面的外部静压变化，但精度要求不高。如果在每个气流输送管道里面多安装一个静压传感器，也存在成本较高、且布线复杂，安装 麻烦的问题。
发明内容
本发明的第一个目的是提供一种气流输送管道的外部静压估算方法，无需增加任何额外静压测量设备就可以在恒流控制环境中用PM电机进行外部静压估算，在不增加任何额外成本、不改动产品结构的基础上使空调系统能实时了解不同地点气流输送管道的外部静压反馈数据，便于了解整个中央空调系统的运行情况及做出相应的控制。
本发明的第二个目的是提供一种空调系统的控制方法，利用气流输送管道中的PM电机对气流输送管道的外部静压估算，计算出外部静压ESP送到空调系统控制器，再利用该外部静压ESP对空调系统的恒定气流量CFM控制，扩充空调系统功能，提高性价比。
本发明的第三个目的是提供一种空调系统的控制方法，利用气流输送管道中的PM电机对气流输送管道的外部静压估算，计算出外部静压ESP送到空调系统控制器，再利用该外部静压ESP对空调系统的滤网堵塞状态或更换需求进行判断，扩充空调系统功能，提高性价比。
本发明的第四个目的是提供一种空调系统的控制方法，通过提供位于不同地点的分支气流输送管道随时间变化的外部静压ESP估算给空调系统控制器，空调系统控制器收集不同地点的分支气流输送管道里面的PM电机的反馈的不同时间段的外部静压ESP，这些数据经过大数据分析用来预测和判断整个空调系统的失效和故障状态，扩充空调系统功能，提高性价比。
本发明的目的是通过下述技术方案予以实现的：
一种气流输送管道的外部静压估算方法，所述的气流输送管道中安装PM电机和风轮，所述的电机是PM电机，包括定子组件、永磁转子组件以及电机控制器，所述的电机控制器包括微处理器，PM电机驱动一个风轮，对PM电机进行恒流控制使气流输送管道有一个恒定气流量CFM输出，其特征在于：所述气流输送管道的外部静压ESP是利用所述恒定气流量CFM和电机输入功率POWER两个变量来计算获得。
上述的外部静压ESP的估算函数采用二元一阶方程ESP＝F(CFM，POWER)。
上述的外部静压ESP的估算函数采用二元一阶方程：F(X，Y，K)＝K0+K1·X+K2·Y+K3·X·Y，其中变量X代表恒定气流量CFM，变量Y代表电机输入功率POWER，K0、K1、K2和K3是系数，F(X，Y，K)代表外部静压ESP。
上述对PM电机进行恒流控制采用直接功率控制的恒风量控制方法，即恒定气流量CFM＝F(POWER，V)，采用输入功率POWER和转速V两个变量来控制。
一种空调系统的控制方法，用于对恒定气流量进行控制，所述空调系统包括空调系统控制器和位于不同位置的若干个气流输送管道，在气流输送管道中安装PM电机，PM电机驱动一个风轮，对PM电机进行恒流控制使气流输送管道有一个恒定气流量CFM输出，其特征在于：气流输送管道中的PM电机利用上述所述的一种气流输送管道的外部静压估算方法，计算出外部静压ESP送到空调系统控制器，再利用该外部静压ESP对空调系统的恒定气流量CFM控制。
上述的空调系统控制器根据不同地点的气流输送管道的PM电机反馈回来的外部静压ESP，分别发出相应的指令到不同地点的气流输送管道的PM电机，适当降低或者提高恒定气流量CFM。
一种空调系统的控制方法，用于对空调系统的滤网堵塞、更换进行判断，所述空调系统包括空调系统控制器和位于不同位置的若干个气流输送管道，在气流输送管道中安装PM电机，PM电机驱动一个风轮，对PM电机进行恒流控制使气流输送管道有一个恒定气流量CFM输出，其特征在于：所述气流输送管道中还安装有滤网，气流输送管道中的PM电机利用上述所述的一种气流输送管道的外部静压估算方法，计算出外部静压ESP送到空调系统控制器，再利用该外部静压ESP对空调系统的滤网堵塞状态或更换需求进行判断。
上述的当某个位置的气流输送管道PM电机在某个恒定气流量CFM和某个电机输入功率POWER工作状态下反馈回来的外部静压ESP超过设定的静压國值ESPmax时，空调系统控制器发出报警信号，提示该位置气流输送管道的滤网堵塞，要更换滤网。
上述当某个位置的气流输送管道更换新滤网时，PM电机在某个恒定气流量CFM和某个电机输入功率POWER工作状态下反馈外部静压ESP到空调系统控制器，空调系统控制器记录更换新滤网时初始外部静压，便于以后利用更换新滤网时初始外部静压数据进行大数据分析，判断故障点。
一种空调系统的控制方法，用于空调系统的失效和故障进行判断，所述空调系统包括空调系统控制器和位于不同位置的若干个气流输送管道，在气流输送管道中安装PM电机，PM电机驱动一个风轮，对PM电机进行恒流控制使气流输送管道有一个恒定气流量CFM输出，其特征在于：所述气流输送管道中的PM电机利用上述所述的一种气流输送管道的外部静压估算方法，计算出外部静压ESP送到空调系统控制器，再利用该外部静压ESP对空调系统的失效和故障状态进行预判。
上述通过提供位于不同地点的分支气流输送管道随时间变化的外部静压ESP估算给空调系统控制器，空调系统控制器收集不同地点的分支气流输送管道里面的PM电机的反馈 的不同时间段的外部静压ESP，这些数据经过大数据分析用来预测和判断整个空调系统的失效和故障状态。
本发明与现有技术相比，具有如下效果：
(1)在恒流控制环境中用PM电机进行外部静压估算，外部静压ESP的估算方法是利用恒定气流量CFM和电机输入功率POWER两个变量来计算获得，无需增加任何额外静压测量设备就可以在恒流控制环境中用PM电机进行外部静压估算，在不增加任何额外成本、不改动产品结构的基础上使空调系统能实时了解不同地点气流输送管道的外部静压反馈数据，便于了解整个中央空调系统的运行情况及做出相应的控制。
(2)了解外部静压的变化情况和变化幅度，PM电机可以在变化条件下提供更好的恒流控制性能，因为可以根据外部静压的变化来调节气流量CFM。
(3)通过提供位于不同地点的分支气流输送管道随时间变化的外部静压ESP估算，当某个分支气流输送管道外部静压ESP达到预设值时，可以指示该位置需要更换空气过滤器，因此，不会采用按时间来规定一次更换所有不同地点的分支气流输送管道里面的滤网，节约使用成本和人工更换成本。
(4)通过提供位于不同地点的分支气流输送管道随时间变化的外部静压ESP估算给上位控制器(即空调系统控制器)，上位控制器收集不同地点的分支气流输送管道里面的PM电机的反馈的不同时间段的外部静压ESP，这些数据经过大数据分析可用于预测整个空调系统失败和故障。
(5)通过提供位于不同地点的分支气流输送管道随时间变化的外部静压ESP估算给上位控制器(即空调系统控制器)，上位控制器再通过物联网远程传送数据到后台计算机中心分析，然后远程监控，ESP反馈可以在商业环境中发挥更大作用。
(6)本发明的其它优点在实施例部分展开详细描述。
附图说明
图1是传统的中央空调系统的结构示意图；
图2是图1中分支气流输送管道的结构示意图；
图3是本发明PM电机的安装示意图；
图4是本发明PM电机的立体图；
图5是本发明PM电机的电机控制器的立体图；
图6是本发明PM电机的剖视图；
图7是本发明实施例一PM电机的电机控制器的一种实施电路方框图；
图8是图7对应的电路图；
图9是在恒流控制环境下外部静压ESP与电机输入功率POWER的关系图；
图10是本发明的外部静压ESP、电机输入功率POWER与恒定气流量CFM三者特性关系的三维图。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施例并结合附图对本发明作进一步详细的描述。
实施例一：
如图1、图2和图3所示，在商业的中央空调中，中央空调需要数十甚至数百个分支气流输送管道，图中只画了4个分支气流输送管道，以向不同地点输送冷气，同样，每个分支气流输送管道里面设置滤网，而每个气流输送管道里面安装一台PM电机，PM电机驱动一个风轮，中央空调系统控制器与每个气流输送管道里面安装PM电机通过数据通信线路连接进行通讯，中央空调系统控制器通过对PM电机进行气流控制使气流输送管道有一个恒定气流量输出。
如图4、图5和图6所示，本实施例提供PM电机可以采用无感直流无刷电机，无感直流无刷电机是由电机单体1和电机控制器2组成，所述的电机单体1包括定子组件12、转子组件13和机壳组件11，定子组件12安装在机壳组件11上，转子组件13套装在定子组件12的内侧，电机控制器2包括控制盒22和安装在控制盒22里面的控制线路板21，控制线路板21一般包括电源电路、微处理器MCU、相线电流检测电路、逆变电路，电源电路为各部分电路供电，相线电流检测电路将检测的相线电流输入到微处理器MCU，微处理器MCU控制逆变电路，逆变电路控制定子组件12的各相线圈绕组的通断电。
如图7和图8所示，PM电机是一台无感直流无刷电机，且是3相无刷直流永磁同步电机，交流输入(AC INPUT)经过由二级管D7、D8、D9、D10组成的全波整流电路后，在电容C1的一端输出直流母线电压Vbus，直流母线电压Vbus与输入交流电压有关，交流输入(AC INPUT)的电压确定后，母线电压Vbus是恒定的，3相线圈绕组的线电压P是PWM斩波输出电压，P＝Vbus*V_D，V_D是微处理器输入到逆变电路的PWM信号的占空比，逆变电路由电子开关管Q1、Q2、Q3、Q4、Q5、Q6组成，电子开关管Q1、Q2、Q3、Q4、Q5、Q6的控制端分别由微处理器输出的6路PWM信号(P1、P2、P3、P4、P5、P6)控制，逆变电路还连接电阻R1用于检测母线电流I，母线电流检测电路将电阻R1的检测母线电流I转换后传送到微处理器。
无感直流无刷电机采用矢量控制，通常采用FOC控制方式(即磁场定向控制)，电 机实时输入功率的计算和转速的计算具体见美国专利：US9752976和中国专利CN201410042547.8披露的PM电机直接功率控制的恒风量控制方法。当然，PM电机直接功率控制的恒风量控制方法也可以采用有感无刷电机，有感无刷电机带有检测转子位置的霍尔元件，具体也见美国专利：US9752976和中国专利CN201410042547.8披露的方案。
本发明是基于恒流控制环境中用PM电机进行外部静压估算方法，具体见申请人已经申请的美国专利：US9752976和中国专利CN201410042547.8披露的PM电机直接功率控制的恒风量控制方法及其应用的空调系统，在这两个专利中公开了一种PM电机直接功率控制的恒风量控制方法，即恒流控制(恒定气流控制)，本发明是在恒定气流控制基础上的延伸出一种用PM电机进行外部静压估算方法，因此对恒流控制(即恒风量控制)不再这里详细描述，可以参考美国专利：US9752976和中国专利CN201410042547.8的内容。
本发明在恒流控制(即恒风量控制)基础上进行二次建模，即建立外部静压估算的数学模型，为了方便理解，我们先了解外部静压估算的数学模型的建立基础，数学模型的系统变量有3个，分别是外部静压ESP、功率POWER和气流流量CFM，它们之间的关系是建立外部静压估算的数学模型的基础，一般来说，在一个气流系统，风机的电机驱动推动空气流入达到稳定的状态产生恒定气流量CFM。在一个特定外部静压条件，一个恒定气流控制是通过控制功率、速度来实现。
根据US9752976和中国专利CN201410042547.8披露的PM电机直接功率控制的恒风量控制方法，对于任何预设恒定气流量CFM，外部静压ESP的变化，有一对电机输入功率POWER和速度V提供PM电机，使恒定气流量CFM保持不变，在任何给定的恒定气流量CFM，外部静压ESP的变化影响是电机输入功率POWER，因此，我们得出这样的结论:外部静压ESP是恒定气流量CFM和输入功率POWER的函数如下：
ESP＝F(CFM，POWER)---------公式1
在数学建模的建立中，已经有意识地努力减少数据收集的负担，并重新利用已经在开发的PM电机直接功率控制的恒风量控制方法(US9752976和中国专利CN201410042547.8)见中收集的数据。图9是带有外部静压ESP的电机输入功率POWER的典型图。在一定的运行条件下，电机输入功率POWER与外部静压ESP呈线性关系，这使得对其进行较为准确的建模和估算成为可能。
图10是通过一个电机测试数据建立的一个外部静压ESP、电机输入功率POWER和气流量CFM的三维仿真图，它显示出外部静压ESP、电机输入功率POWER和气流量CFM三者的关系，为数学建模提供基础。
利用所有变量以及在图9和图10中特性曲线，通过对静态数据的统计分析来检查独立性和相关性，我们得出结论，在数学建模中利用非线性回归方法是必要的，基于产品开发和应用程序的规范，我们限制在几个参数的模型来减少电机的微处理器(即单片机)计算负担，根据我们的经验，应用非线性回归实践，我们开发一个特殊的模型函数以适应如图9所示不光滑曲线，把两个独立变量：电机输入功率POWER和恒定气流量CFM考虑进去，得到一个数学模型函数：
F(X，Y，K)＝K0+K1·X+K2·Y+K3·X·Y---------公式2
其中变量X代表恒定气流量CFM，变量Y代表电机输入功率POWER，K0、K1、K2和K3是系数，F(X，Y，K)代表外部静压ESP，计算外部静压ESP数学模型简单，减轻电机控制器里面的微处理器的计算负担。
在这个模型中电机输入功率POWER和气流量CFM是变量，K0、K1、K2和K3是系数，是不变的，所以在PM电机直接功率控制的恒风量控制环境下(见US9752976和中国专利CN201410042547.8))，通过构建利用实验测量4个点的数据(ESP1，POWER1，CFM1)、(ESP2，POWER2，CFM2)、(ESP3，POWER3，CFM3)和(ESP4，POWER4，CFM4)分别代入方程形成方程组便可求解出系数K0、K1、K2和K3，至此，基于恒流控制环境中用PM电机进行外部静压估算的数学模型。对于任何预设的恒定气流量CFM，在恒气流控制环境下，外部静压ESP与电机输入功率POWER和恒定气流量CFM有关。
本发明一种气流输送管道的外部静压估算方法(即在恒流控制环境中用PM电机进行外部静压估算方法)，所述的气流输送管道中安装PM电机和风轮，所述的电机是PM电机，PM电机包括定子组件、永磁转子组件以及电机控制器，所述的电机控制器包括微处理器，PM电机驱动一个风轮，对PM电机进行恒流控制使气流输送管道有一个恒定气流量CFM输出，其特征在于：所述气流输送管道的外部静压ESP是利用所述恒定气流量CFM和电机输入功率POWER两个变量来计算获得。
上述的外部静压ESP的估算函数；ESP＝F(CFM，POWER)，采用二元一阶方程。
上述通过实验测量多个点的数据(ESP1，POWER1，CFM1)、(ESP2，POWER2，CFM2)、(ESP3，POWER3，CFM3)……代入方程ESP＝F(POWER，CFM)求解出系数，从而得到外部静压ESP的估算函数。
上述的外部静压ESP的估算函数采用二元一阶方程；
F(X，Y，K)＝K0+K1·X+K2·Y+K3·X·Y，其中变量X代表恒定气流量CFM，变量Y 代表电机输入功率POWER，K0、K1、K2和K3是系数，F(X，Y，K)代表外部静压ESP。
上述对PM电机进行恒流控制采用直接功率控制的恒风量控制方法，即恒定气流量CFM＝F(POWER，V)，采用输入功率POWER和转速V两个变量来控制。
本发明在恒流控制环境中用PM电机进行外部静压估算方法，通过实验数据来验证，见表1所示：
Figure PCTCN2022119516-appb-000001
从表1可以看出，本发明通过公式2计算的外部静压ESP与实际测量的ESP的误差在0.06以内，大部分误差在0.04以内，基本满足客户的需求(因为客户不要求精确检测外部 静压，误差在0.06以内完全可以接受)。也证明本发明的在恒流控制环境中用PM电机进行外部静压估算方法完全可行，且计算的数学模型简单，大幅减轻电机控制器里面的微处理器的计算方负担。在恒流控制环境中用PM电机进行外部静压估算，外部静压ESP的估算方法是利用恒定气流量CFM和电机输入功率POWER两个变量来计算获得，无需增加任何额外静压测量设备就可以在恒流控制环境中用PM电机进行外部静压估算，在不增加任何额外成本、不改动产品结构的基础上使空调系统能实时了解不同地点气流输送管道的外部静压反馈数据，便于了解整个中央空调系统的运行情况及做出相应的控制。
实施例二：
如图1所示，一种空调系统的控制方法，也就是一种空调系统的恒定气流量控制方法，所述空调系统包括空调系统控制器和位于不同位置的若干个气流输送管道，在气流输送管道中安装PM电机，PM电机驱动一个风轮，对PM电机进行恒流控制使气流输送管道有一个恒定气流量CFM输出，其特征在于：气流输送管道中的PM电机利用实施例一所述的一种气流输送管道的外部静压估算方法，计算出外部静压ESP送到空调系统控制器，再利用该外部静压ESP对空调系统的恒定气流量CFM控制。本发明空调系统控制器通过了解不同地点的气流输送管道的PM电机反馈回来的外部静压ESP的变化情况和变化幅度，空调系统控制器分别发出相应的指令到不同地点的气流输送管道的PM电机，适当降低或者提高恒定气流量CFM，这样PM电机可以在外部静压变化条件下提供更好的恒流控制性能。
上述的空调系统控制器根据不同地点的气流输送管道的PM电机反馈回来的外部静压ESP，分别发出相应的指令到不同地点的气流输送管道的PM电机，适当降低或者提高恒定气流量CFM。扩充空调系统功能，提高性价比。
实施例三：
如图1所示，一种空调系统的控制方法，也就是一种空调系统的滤网堵塞、更换判断方法，所述空调系统包括空调系统控制器和位于不同位置的若干个气流输送管道，在气流输送管道中安装PM电机，PM电机驱动一个风轮，对PM电机进行恒流控制使气流输送管道有一个恒定气流量CFM输出，其特征在于：所述气流输送管道中还安装有滤网，气流输送管道中的PM电机利用实施例一所述的一种气流输送管道的外部静压估算方法，计算出外部静压ESP送到空调系统控制器，再利用该外部静压ESP对空调系统的滤网堵塞状态或更换需求进行判断。
上述当某个位置的气流输送管道PM电机在某个恒定气流量CFM和某个电机输入功率POWER工作状态下反馈回来的外部静压ESP超过设定的静压國值ESPmax时，空调系 统控制器发出报警信号，提示该位置气流输送管道的滤网堵塞，要更换滤网。
上述当某个位置的气流输送管道更换新滤网时，PM电机在某个恒定气流量CFM和某个电机输入功率POWER工作状态下反馈外部静压ESP到空调系统控制器，空调系统控制器记录更换新滤网时初始外部静压，便于以后利用更换新滤网时初始外部静压数据进行大数据分析，判断故障点。
通过提供位于不同地点的分支气流输送管道随时间变化的外部静压ESP，当某个分支气流输送管道外部静压ESP达到预设值时，可以指示该位置需要更换空气过滤器，因此，不会采用按时间来规定一次更换所有不同地点的分支气流输送管道里面的滤网，节约使用成本和人工更换成本。扩充空调系统功能，提高性价比。
实施例四：
一种空调系统的控制方法，也就是一种空调系统的失效和故障判断方法，所述空调系统包括空调系统控制器和位于不同位置的若干个气流输送管道，在气流输送管道中安装PM电机，PM电机驱动一个风轮，对PM电机进行恒流控制使气流输送管道有一个恒定气流量CFM输出，其特征在于：所述气流输送管道中的PM电机利用实施例一所述的一种气流输送管道的外部静压估算方法，计算出外部静压ESP送到空调系统控制器，再利用该外部静压ESP对空调系统的失效和故障状态进行预判。
上述通过提供位于不同地点的分支气流输送管道随时间变化的外部静压ESP估算给空调系统控制器，空调系统控制器收集不同地点的分支气流输送管道里面的PM电机的反馈的不同时间段的外部静压ESP，这些数据经过大数据分析用来预测和判断整个空调系统的失效和故障状态。扩充空调系统功能，提高性价比。
通过提供位于不同地点的分支气流输送管道随时间变化的外部静压ESP估算给上位控制器(即空调系统控制器)，空调系统控制器再通过物联网远程传送数据到后台计算机中心分析，然后远程监控，ESP反馈可以在商业环境中发挥更大作用。
以上实施例为本发明的较佳实施方式，但本发明的实施方式不限于此，其他任何未背离本发明的精神实质与原理下所作的改变、修饰、替代、组合、简化，均为等效的置换方式，都包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (11)

  1. 一种气流输送管道的外部静压估算方法，所述的气流输送管道中安装PM电机和风轮，所述的电机是PM电机，PM电机包括定子组件、永磁转子组件以及电机控制器，所述的电机控制器包括微处理器，PM电机驱动一个风轮，对PM电机进行恒流控制使气流输送管道有一个恒定气流量CFM输出，其特征在于：所述气流输送管道的外部静压ESP是利用所述恒定气流量CFM和电机输入功率POWER两个变量来计算获得。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种气流输送管道的外部静压估算方法，其特征在于：外部静压ESP的估算函数采用二元一阶方程ESP＝F(CFM，POWER)。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的一种气流输送管道的外部静压估算方法，其特征在于：外部静压ESP的估算函数采用二元一阶方程F(X，Y，K)＝K0+K1·X+K2·Y+K3·X·Y，其中变量X代表恒定气流量CFM，变量Y代表电机输入功率POWER，K0、K1、K2和K3是系数，F(X，Y，K)代表外部静压ESP。
  4. 根据权利要求1或2或3所述的一种气流输送管道的外部静压估算方法，其特征在于：对PM电机进行恒流控制采用直接功率控制的恒风量控制方法，即恒定气流量CFM＝F(POWER，V)，采用输入功率POWER和转速V两个变量来控制。
  5. 一种空调系统的控制方法，用于对恒定气流量进行控制，所述空调系统包括空调系统控制器和位于不同位置的若干个气流输送管道，在气流输送管道中安装PM电机，PM电机驱动一个风轮，对PM电机进行恒流控制使气流输送管道有一个恒定气流量CFM输出，其特征在于：气流输送管道中的PM电机利用权利要求1至4任意一项所述的一种气流输送管道的外部静压估算方法，计算出外部静压ESP送到空调系统控制器，再利用该外部静压ESP对空调系统的恒定气流量CFM控制。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的一种空调系统的控制方法，其特征在于：空调系统控制器根据不同地点的气流输送管道的PM电机反馈回来的外部静压ESP，分别发出相应的指令到不同地点的气流输送管道的PM电机，适当降低或者提高恒定气流量CFM。
  7. 一种空调系统的控制方法，用于对空调系统的滤网堵塞、更换进行判断，所述空调系统包括空调系统控制器和位于不同位置的若干个气流输送管道，在气流输送管道中安装PM电机，PM电机驱动一个风轮，对PM电机进行恒流控制使气流输送管道有一个恒定气流量CFM输出，其特征在于：所述气流输送管道中还安装有滤网，气流输送管道中的PM电机利用权利要求1至4任意一项所述的一种气流输送管道的外部静压估算方法，计算出外部静压ESP送到空调系统控制器，再利用该外部静压ESP对空调系统的滤网堵塞状态或更换需 求进行判断。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的一种空调系统的控制方法，其特征在于：当某个位置的气流输送管道PM电机在某个恒定气流量CFM和某个电机输入功率POWER工作状态下反馈回来的外部静压ESP超过设定的静压國值ESPmax时，空调系统控制器发出报警信号，提示该位置气流输送管道的滤网堵塞，要更换滤网。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的一种空调系统的控制方法，其特征在于：当某个位置的气流输送管道更换新滤网时，PM电机在某个恒定气流量CFM和某个电机输入功率POWER工作状态下反馈外部静压ESP到空调系统控制器，空调系统控制器记录更换新滤网时初始外部静压，便于以后利用更换新滤网时初始外部静压数据进行大数据分析，判断故障点。
  10. 一种空调系统的控制方法，用于空调系统的失效和故障进行判断，所述空调系统包括空调系统控制器和位于不同位置的若干个气流输送管道，在气流输送管道中安装PM电机，PM电机驱动一个风轮，对PM电机进行恒流控制使气流输送管道有一个恒定气流量CFM输出，其特征在于：所述气流输送管道中的PM电机利用权利要求1至4任意一项所述的一种气流输送管道的外部静压估算方法，计算出外部静压ESP送到空调系统控制器，再利用该外部静压ESP对空调系统的失效和故障状态进行预判。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的一种空调系统的控制方法，其特征在于：通过提供位于不同地点的分支气流输送管道随时间变化的外部静压ESP估算给空调系统控制器，空调系统控制器收集不同地点的分支气流输送管道里面的PM电机的反馈的不同时间段的外部静压ESP，这些数据经过大数据分析用来预测和判断整个空调系统的失效和故障状态。
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