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WO2023123234A1 - 电芯、电池及用电设备 - Google Patents

电芯、电池及用电设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023123234A1
WO2023123234A1 PCT/CN2021/143195 CN2021143195W WO2023123234A1 WO 2023123234 A1 WO2023123234 A1 WO 2023123234A1 CN 2021143195 W CN2021143195 W CN 2021143195W WO 2023123234 A1 WO2023123234 A1 WO 2023123234A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
pole piece
current collector
material layer
active material
conductive
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2021/143195
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
黄宗传
Original Assignee
宁德新能源科技有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 宁德新能源科技有限公司 filed Critical 宁德新能源科技有限公司
Priority to CN202180031743.3A priority Critical patent/CN115552713A/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2021/143195 priority patent/WO2023123234A1/zh
Publication of WO2023123234A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023123234A1/zh

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/502—Interconnectors for connecting terminals of adjacent batteries; Interconnectors for connecting cells outside a battery casing
    • H01M50/509—Interconnectors for connecting terminals of adjacent batteries; Interconnectors for connecting cells outside a battery casing characterised by the type of connection, e.g. mixed connections
    • H01M50/51—Connection only in series
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
    • H01M50/46—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by their combination with electrodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/531—Electrode connections inside a battery casing
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the technical field of energy storage, and in particular to an electric cell, a battery and an electric device.
  • Batteries have been widely used in daily life.
  • the voltage of batteries is increased by connecting them in series.
  • the existing way to increase the voltage is generally to connect individual cells in series through an external circuit, which is not only complicated to operate, but also takes up space and affects the energy density of the battery.
  • a battery cell which can simplify the preparation process of the battery cell, and can also directly increase the voltage of the battery and increase the energy density of the battery.
  • An embodiment of the present application provides a battery cell, including an electrode assembly and an insulating frame.
  • the electrode assembly includes a first pole piece and a second pole piece.
  • the first pole piece includes a first current collector and a first active material layer.
  • the first current collector includes a first region and a second region surrounding the first region.
  • the first active material layer is located in the first region.
  • the second pole piece is opposite to the first pole piece and has opposite polarity.
  • the second pole piece includes a second current collector and a second active material layer.
  • the second current collector includes a third area and a fourth area surrounding the third area.
  • the second active material layer is disposed in the third area and is opposite to the first active material layer.
  • the insulating frame is disposed in the second area and the fourth area, and the insulating frame surrounds the first active material layer and the second active material layer respectively.
  • an electrode assembly with a specific structure is obtained by setting the insulating frame in the second area and the fourth area, and the insulating frame surrounds the first active material layer and the second active material layer respectively, and the electrode assembly with the specific structure Fixing it in the casing can obtain a battery core with a specific structure, which can simplify the preparation process of the battery core and improve its production efficiency.
  • the use and space occupied by the series connection of external lines can be reduced, and the voltage of the battery and the energy density of the battery can be improved.
  • the insulating frame there is no overlap between the insulating frame and the projection of the first active material layer on the first current collector in the thickness direction of the battery cell, which can further improve the energy of the battery cell. density.
  • the thickness of the insulating frame is equal to the sum of the thicknesses of the first pole piece and the second pole piece. sheet for insulation.
  • the thickness of the insulating frame is greater than the sum of the thicknesses of the first pole piece and the second pole piece, and the first pole piece and the second pole piece can be further adjusted.
  • the pole pieces are insulated.
  • the insulating frame includes a first frame and a second frame, the first frame is arranged in the second region and surrounds the first active material layer, and the second frame is arranged in The fourth area surrounds the second active material layer, and the second frame is connected to the first frame.
  • the electrode assembly further includes an electrolyte layer, the electrolyte layer is disposed between the first pole piece and the second pole piece, and connects the first active material layer and the second active material layer.
  • it further includes a first conductive layer, a second conductive layer, a first electrical connector and a second electrical connector, the first electrical connector is connected to the first The current collector, the second electrical connector is connected to the second current collector through the second conductive layer.
  • the number of electrode assemblies is at least two, a third conductive layer is provided between adjacent electrode assemblies, and the two surfaces of the third conductive layer are respectively connected to the surface of an electrode assembly.
  • the first current collector and the second current collector of another adjacent electrode assembly connect multiple electrode assemblies in series through the third conductive layer, which can reduce the use of external lines in series and occupy space, and can increase the voltage of the battery and the battery energy density.
  • a first conductive layer, a second conductive layer, a first electrical connector and a second electrical connector are also included, and the first electrical connector is connected to the most The first current collector of one of the outermost electrode assemblies, and the second electrical connector are connected to the second current collector of the other outermost electrode assembly through the second conductive layer.
  • the first pole piece and the second pole piece are arranged along a first direction, the first direction being the thickness direction of the first pole piece and the second pole piece, and along the thickness direction, the second pole piece
  • the thickness of a frame body is equal to or greater than the thickness of the first pole piece, and/or, the thickness of the second frame body is equal to or greater than the thickness of the second pole piece, so that the first current collector and the first active material layer are located in the first The frame, and the second current collector and the second active material layer are located in the second frame, which can insulate the first pole piece and the second pole piece.
  • a casing and an insulator are also included, the electrode assembly is arranged in the casing, the insulator is arranged between the casing and the electrode assembly and covers at least part of the outer surface of the electrode assembly, so that the electrode The assembly is fixed within the housing, and the first electrical connector and the second electrical connector protrude from the insulator.
  • the insulating member is formed by curing a resin
  • the resin may be epoxy resin, phenolic resin or silicone resin, or other curable resins.
  • At least one of the first conductive layer, the second conductive layer, and the third conductive layer is a conductive glue
  • the conductive glue includes a conductive material and an adhesive.
  • the mass of the conductive material accounts for 10%-40% of the entire conductive adhesive.
  • the conductive material includes one or more of conductive carbon black, carbon powder, carbon nanotubes, and graphene.
  • the resistivity of the conductive adhesive is 0 ⁇ 5 ⁇ /mm 2 .
  • Embodiments of the present application also provide a battery, including the cell in any one of the above embodiments.
  • An embodiment of the present application also provides an electric device, including the battery in the above embodiment.
  • the battery and electrical equipment of the embodiment of the present application can reduce the use of external lines in series and occupy space by using the above-mentioned battery cells, connect multiple electrode assemblies in series, and increase the voltage of the battery and the energy density of the battery.
  • Fig. 1 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a cell in some embodiments.
  • Fig. 2 shows a schematic structural diagram of the first pole piece in some embodiments.
  • Fig. 3 shows a schematic structural diagram of the second pole piece in some embodiments.
  • Fig. 4 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a cell in other embodiments.
  • Fig. 5 shows a schematic structural diagram of the first electrical connector in some embodiments.
  • Fig. 6 shows a schematic structural view of two electrode assemblies in some embodiments.
  • Fig. 7 shows a schematic structural view of two electrode assemblies, a first electrical connector and a second electrical connector in some embodiments.
  • Fig. 8 shows a schematic structural diagram of the housing in some embodiments.
  • Fig. 9 shows a schematic structural view of an electrode assembly, a casing and an insulator in some embodiments.
  • Fig. 10 shows a schematic structural view of electrode assemblies, shells and insulators in other embodiments.
  • Figure 11 shows a schematic diagram of the structure of a battery in some embodiments.
  • Fig. 12 shows a schematic structural diagram of electrical equipment in some embodiments.
  • the first active material layer 112 is the first active material layer 112
  • the third area 12a is the third area 12a
  • a component When a component is said to be “set on” another component, it can be set directly on another component or there may be an intervening component at the same time.
  • a component When a component is said to be “connected” to another component, it may be directly connected to the other component or there may be an intervening component at the same time.
  • the angle between the two components is allowed to have a tolerance of 0- ⁇ 5%, for example, when there is a tolerance between the two components vertically, wherein One element is tilted toward or away from the other element, and the tolerance range between the two elements is greater than 0° and less than or equal to 4.5°.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a battery cell 100 , and the battery cell 100 includes an electrode assembly 10 and an insulating frame 20 .
  • the insulating frame 20 is connected to the electrode assembly 10 .
  • the electrode assembly 10 includes a first pole piece 11 and a second pole piece 12 , the first pole piece 11 is connected to the second pole piece 12 , and the insulating frame 20 is connected to the first pole piece 11 and the second pole piece 12 .
  • the first pole piece 11 and the second pole piece 12 are oppositely arranged along the first direction X, and the first direction X is the thickness direction of the first pole piece 11 and the second pole piece 12 .
  • the first pole piece 11 includes a first current collector 111 and a first active material layer 112 , and the first active material layer 112 is disposed on the first current collector 111 .
  • the projection of the first active material layer 112 overlaps with the projection of the first current collector 111 .
  • the projection of the insulating frame 20 is in contact with the projection of the first current collector 111 , and the insulating frame 20 surrounds the side of the first current collector 111 .
  • the first current collector 111 includes a first region 11a and a second region 11b, the second region 11b surrounds the first region 11a, the first active material layer 112 is disposed on the first region 11a and the second region 11b, and the insulating frame
  • the body 20 is connected to the second region 11b, and along the first direction X, the projection of the insulating frame 20 overlaps with the projection of the first active material layer 112 .
  • the projection of the first active material layer 112 is located within the projection of the first current collector 111, the first current collector 111 includes a first region 11a and a second region 11b, and the second region 11b surrounds the first region 11b.
  • a region 11a is located within the projection of the first current collector 111, the first current collector 111 includes a first region 11a and a second region 11b, and the second region 11b surrounds the first region 11b.
  • the first active material layer 112 is disposed in the first region 11a, the insulating frame 20 is connected to the second region 11b, and surrounds the first active material layer 112. Along the first direction X, the insulating frame 20 and the first active material layer 112 are There is no overlap between the projections on the first current collector 111 , which can further increase the energy density of the battery cell 100 .
  • the second pole piece 12 includes a second current collector 121 and a second active material layer 122 , and the second active material layer 122 is disposed on the second current collector 121 .
  • the projection of the second active material layer 122 overlaps with the projection of the second current collector 121
  • the projection of the insulating frame 20 is in contact with the projection of the second current collector 121
  • the insulating frame 20 surrounds the side of the second current collector 121 .
  • the second current collector 121 includes a third region 12a and a fourth region 12b, the fourth region 12b surrounds the third region 12a, the second active material layer 122 is disposed on the third region 12a and the fourth region 12b, and the insulating frame
  • the body 20 is connected to the fourth region 12b, and along the first direction X, the projection of the insulating frame 20 overlaps with the projection of the second active material layer 122 .
  • the projection of the second active material layer 122 overlaps with the projection of the second current collector 121 .
  • the projection of the second active material layer 122 is located within the projection of the second current collector 121, the second current collector 121 includes a third region 12a and a fourth region 12b, and the fourth region 12b surrounds the second Three regions 12a.
  • the second active material layer 122 is disposed in the third area 12a, the insulating frame 20 is connected to the fourth area 12b, and surrounds the second active material layer 122, along the first direction X, the insulating frame 20 and the second active material layer 122 are There is no overlap between the projections on the second current collector 121 , which can further increase the energy density of the battery cell 100 .
  • the thickness of the insulating frame 20 is equal to the sum of the thicknesses of the first pole piece 11 and the second pole piece 12, which can insulate the first pole piece 11 and the second pole piece 12.
  • the thickness of the insulating frame 20 is greater than the sum of the thicknesses of the first pole piece 11 and the second pole piece 12 , which can further insulate the first pole piece 11 and the second pole piece 12 .
  • the first pole piece 11 is one of the positive pole piece or the negative pole piece, and the second pole piece 12 is the other.
  • the current collector material of the positive electrode sheet includes copper
  • the current collector material of the negative electrode sheet includes aluminum.
  • the electrode assembly 10 further includes an electrolyte layer 13, the electrolyte layer 13 is arranged between the adjacent first pole piece 11 and the second pole piece 12, and contacts and connects the first active material layer 112 and the second active material layer 112.
  • Substance layer 122 the electrolyte layer 13 includes one or more of polyethylene oxide, polyacrylonitrile, polymethyl methacrylate, polyvinyl chloride and polyvinylidene fluoride.
  • the electrolyte layer 13 is solid. Along the first direction, the projection of the electrolyte layer 13 overlaps the projections of the first active material layer 112 and the second active material layer 122 .
  • the insulating frame body 20 is configured as an integral structure, and both sides of the insulating frame body 20 are connected to the first current collector 111 and the second current collector 121 .
  • the insulating frame body 20 may be cured and molded after pouring glue.
  • the insulating frame body 20 includes a first frame body 21 and a second frame body 22 , and the first frame body 21 is disposed in the second region 11 b and surrounds the first active material layer 112 .
  • the second frame body 22 is disposed in the fourth region 12b and surrounds the second active material layer 122.
  • the first frame body 21 is connected to the second frame body 22 .
  • the first frame body 21 and the second frame body 22 are made of hot melt adhesive, and the first frame body 21 and the second frame body 21 are bonded to the second frame body 22 by heating.
  • Body 22 is connected.
  • the first frame body 21 has a first space for accommodating the first active material layer 112
  • the second frame body 22 has a second space for accommodating the second active material layer 122 .
  • the thickness of the first frame body 21 is equal to the thickness of the first pole piece 11 , which can insulate the first pole piece 11 .
  • the thickness of the first frame body 21 is greater than the thickness of the first pole piece 11, which can further insulate the first pole piece 11.
  • the thickness of the second frame body 22 is equal to the thickness of the second pole piece 12 , which can insulate the second pole piece 12 .
  • the thickness of the second frame body 22 is greater than that of the second pole piece 12 , which can further insulate the second pole piece 12 .
  • the first current collector 111 has a portion that protrudes from the first frame
  • the second current collector 121 has a portion that protrudes from the second frame 22, so that the first current collector 111 protrudes from the first frame. 21 and the part of the second current collector 121 protruding from the second frame 22 as tabs to connect with external devices.
  • the cell 100 further includes a first conductive layer 30 and a first electrical connector 40, the first conductive layer 30 is connected to the side of the first current collector 111 away from the first active material layer 112, the first The electrical connector 40 is connected to the first conductive layer 30 .
  • the first electrical connector 40 includes a first portion 41 and a second portion 42 arranged along a second direction Y, and the second direction Y is perpendicular to the first direction X.
  • the projection of the first portion 41 overlaps with the projection of the first current collector 111 .
  • the projection of the first current collector 111 is located within the projection of the first part 41 .
  • the second part 42 protrudes from the first current collector 111 along the second direction Y, and the second part 42 can be connected with external equipment.
  • the cell 100 also includes a second conductive layer 50 and a second electrical connector 60, the second conductive layer 50 is connected to the side of the second current collector 121 away from the second active material layer 122, and the second electrical connector 60 is connected to the second conductive layer 121.
  • the second electrical connector 60 includes a third portion 61 and a fourth portion 62 arranged along the second direction Y.
  • the projection of the third portion 61 overlaps with the projection of the second current collector 121 .
  • the projection of the second current collector 121 is located within the projection of the third portion 61 .
  • the fourth part 62 protrudes from the second current collector 121 along the second direction Y, and the fourth part 62 can be connected with external devices.
  • the battery cell 100 also includes a third conductive layer 70, through which adjacent electrode assemblies 10 are connected, which can reduce the use of external lines and occupy space, and connect a plurality of electrode assemblies 10 in series, by adding the battery cell 100 The quantity increases the voltage of the battery and the energy density of the battery.
  • the first current collector 111 of one electrode assembly 10 is opposite to the second current collector 121 of the other electrode assembly 10, and the third conductive layer 70 is provided on the first Between the current collector 111 and the second current collector 121 , and both surfaces of the third conductive layer 70 are connected to the first current collector 111 and the second current collector 121 .
  • the projection of the third conductive layer 70 overlaps with the projections of the first current collector 111 and the second current collector 121 .
  • the projection of the third conductive layer 70 overlaps with the projections of the first current collector 111 and the second current collector 121 .
  • the projections of the first current collector 111 and the second current collector 121 are located within the projection of the third conductive layer 70 .
  • two adjacent electrode assemblies 10 have a first side 10a and a second side 10b located on the outermost side, wherein the first side 10a is a first current collector 111, the first current collector
  • the fluid 111 is provided with a first conductive layer 30 , and the first electrical connector 40 is connected to the first conductive layer 30 .
  • the second current collector 121 located on the second side 10 b is provided with the second conductive layer 50 , and the second electrical connector 60 is connected to the second conductive layer 50 . It can be understood that the number of battery cells 100 can be increased according to requirements, and adjacent battery cells 100 can be connected through the third conductive layer 70 .
  • At least one of the first conductive layer 30, the second conductive layer 50, and the third conductive layer 70 is a conductive glue
  • the conductive glue includes a conductive material and an adhesive
  • the quality of the conductive material is equal to that of the whole conductive glue.
  • the proportion in is 10%-40%, can be any proportion in 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%.
  • the conductive material includes one or more of conductive carbon black, carbon powder, carbon nanotube and graphene.
  • the adhesive includes one or more of polyvinylidene fluoride, carboxymethyl cellulose, styrene-butadiene rubber polyvinyl alcohol and polyacrylic acid.
  • the resistivity of the conductive adhesive is R, 0 ⁇ R ⁇ 5 ⁇ /mm 2
  • the resistivity of the conductive adhesive can be 0.1 ⁇ /mm 2 , 0.5 ⁇ /mm 2 , 1.0 ⁇ /mm 2 , 1.5 ⁇ /mm Any one of 2 , 2.0 ⁇ /mm 2 , 2.5 ⁇ /mm 2 , 3.0 ⁇ /mm 2 , 3.5 ⁇ /mm 2 , 4.0 ⁇ /mm 2 , 4.5 ⁇ /mm 2 , or 5.0 ⁇ /mm 2 .
  • the resistivity exceeds 5 ⁇ /mm 2 , due to the large internal resistance, there will be partial pressure, which will affect the capacity.
  • the cell 100 further includes a casing 80 and an insulating member 90 .
  • the case 80 has a space 80a, and the electrode assembly 10 is disposed inside the case 80 .
  • the insulator 90 is disposed between the shell 80 and the electrode assembly 10 and covers at least part of the outer surface of the electrode assembly 10, the second portion 42 of the first electrical connector 40 and the fourth portion 62 of the second electrical connector 60 protrude from the insulation Part 90, through this arrangement, can reduce production cost and improve process efficiency.
  • the projections of the first current collector 111 and the second current collector 121 are located within the projection of the insulating member 90, and the insulating frame 20 at least partially protrudes from the insulating member 90, which can support the fixed electrode assembly 10 and The first current collector 111 and the second current collector 121 are insulated.
  • the projection of the insulating frame 20 is located within the projection of the insulating member 90 , which can further insulate the fixed electrode assembly 10 and the first current collector 111 and the second current collector 121 .
  • the insulating member 90 includes resin, which is formed by setting the flowable resin on the shell 80 in a pouring manner after being heated and melted, and then cured.
  • the resin can be one of epoxy resin, phenolic resin or silicone resin.
  • the resin can also be multiple types of epoxy resin, phenolic resin and silicone resin.
  • the insulating member 90 may also be other curable resins.
  • the insulating member 90 includes one of potting glue, foam glue and adhesive.
  • the insulating member 90 includes potting glue, which is formed by setting the flowable potting glue on the shell 80 in a pouring manner and then curing.
  • the first active material is evenly coated on the first current collector 111, and cold pressed to obtain the first active material layer 112, and the first frame body 21 is arranged on the second region 11b of the first current collector 111 to obtain the first active material layer 112.
  • One pole piece 11 The second active material is uniformly coated on the second current collector 121 and cold pressed to obtain a second active material layer 122 , and the second frame body 22 is arranged in the fourth region 12 b to obtain the second pole piece 12 .
  • the first pole piece 11 , the electrolyte layer 13 and the second pole piece 12 are assembled, and the first frame body 21 and the second frame body 22 are bonded by heating.
  • Example 1 Under the condition that the total capacity is approximately constant, the voltages in Examples 2 and 4 are higher than those in Example 1, and by increasing the number of electrode assemblies 10, multiple electrode assemblies 10 The series connection between them can increase the battery voltage, reduce the way of external series connection, reduce the space occupied by external series connection, and increase the energy density of the battery.
  • the present application also provides a battery 200 using the battery cell 100 described above, and the battery 200 can adjust the number of electrode assemblies 10 according to requirements.
  • the present application also provides an electric device 300 using the battery 200 described above.
  • the electrical device 300 of the present application may be, but not limited to, drones, electric vehicles, electric motorcycles, electric power-assisted bicycles, electric tools, large household storage batteries, and the like.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Connection Of Batteries Or Terminals (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Primary Cells (AREA)

Abstract

本申请公开了一种电芯和具有该电芯的电池和用电设备。电芯包括电极组件和绝缘框体。电极组件包括第一极片和第二极片。第一极片包括第一集流体和第一活性物质层。第一集流体包括第一区域和围绕第一区域的第二区域。第一活性物质层设于第一区域。第二极片与第一极片相对且极性相反。第二极片包括第二集流体和第二活性物质层。第二集流体包括第三区域和围绕第三区域的第四区域。第二活性物质层设于第三区域且与第一活性物质层相对。绝缘框体设于第二区域和第四区域，且绝缘框体分别围绕第一活性物质层和第二活性物质层，可减少外部线路串联的使用和占据的空间，提升电压和电池的能量密度。

Description

电芯、电池及用电设备 技术领域
本申请涉及储能技术领域，尤其涉及一种电芯、电池及用电设备。
背景技术
电池在日常生活中已被广泛使用，目前通过串联的方式提升电池的电压。而现有提升电压的方式，一般是通过外部电路将单个电芯之间进行串联，不仅操作复杂，并且占据空间，影响电池的能量密度。
发明内容
有鉴于此，有必要提供一种电芯，可以简化电芯的制备工艺，也可直接实现电池电压的提升和提升电池的能量密度。
本申请的实施例提供了一种电芯，包括电极组件和绝缘框体。电极组件包括第一极片和第二极片。第一极片包括第一集流体和第一活性物质层。第一集流体包括第一区域和围绕第一区域的第二区域。第一活性物质层设于第一区域。第二极片与第一极片相对且极性相反。第二极片包括第二集流体和第二活性物质层。第二集流体包括第三区域和围绕第三区域的第四区域。第二活性物质层设于第三区域且与第一活性物质层相对。绝缘框体设于第二区域和第四区域，且绝缘框体分别围绕第一活性物质层和第二活性物质层。
本申请实施例通过将绝缘框体设于第二区域和第四区域，且绝缘框体分别围绕第一活性物质层和第二活性物质层得到特定结构的电极组件，将该特定结构的电极组件固定在壳体中，可以得到一特定结构的电芯，可以简化该电芯的制备工艺，提高其生产效率。另外，通过将该特定结构的多个电极组件进行串 联时，可减少外部线路串联的使用和占据的空间，能够提升电池的电压和电池的能量密度。
可选地，在本申请的一些实施例中，在电芯的厚度方向，绝缘框体和第一活性物质层在第一集流体上的投影之间没有重叠部分，能够进一步提高电芯的能量密度。
可选地，在本申请的一些实施例中，在电芯的厚度方向，绝缘框体的厚度等于第一极片和第二极片的厚度之和，可对第一极片和第二极片进行绝缘。
可选地，在本申请的一些实施例中，在电芯的厚度方向，绝缘框体的厚度大于第一极片和第二极片的厚度之和，可进一步对第一极片和第二极片进行绝缘。
可选地，在本申请的一些实施例中，绝缘框体包括第一框体和第二框体，第一框体设于第二区域且围绕第一活性物质层，第二框体设于第四区域且围绕第二活性物质层，第二框体连接第一框体，通过将绝缘框体设置为第一框体和第二框体，便于组装，提升工艺效率。
可选地，在本申请的一些实施例中，在电芯的厚度方向，第一框体和第一活性物质层在第一集流体上的投影之间没有重叠部分，可提高电芯的能量密度。
可选地，在本申请的一些实施例中，在电芯的厚度方向，第二框体和第二活性物质层在第二集流体上的投影之间没有重叠部分，可进一步提高电芯的能量密度。
可选地，在本申请的一些实施例中，电极组件还包括电解质层，电解质层设于第一极片和第二极片之间，并连接第一活性物质层和第二活性物质层。
可选地，在本申请的一些实施例中，还包括第一导电层、第二导电层、第一电连接件和第二电连接件，第一电连接件通过第一导电层连接第一集流体，第二电连接件通过第二导电层连接第二集流体。
可选地，在本申请的一些实施例中，电极组件的数量至少为两个，相邻的电极组件之间设有第三导电层，第三导电层的两个表面分别连接一电极组件的 第一集流体和相邻的另一电极组件的第二集流体，通过第三导电层将多个电极组件进行串联，可减少外部线路串联的使用和占据的空间，能够提升电池的电压和电池的能量密度。
可选地，在本申请的一些实施例中，还包括第一导电层、第二导电层、第一电连接件和第二电连接件，第一电连接件通过第一导电层连接在最外侧的其中一电极组件的第一集流体，第二电连接件通过第二导电层连接在最外侧的另一电极组件的第二集流体。
可选地，在本申请的一些实施例中，第一极片和第二极片沿第一方向设置，第一方向为第一极片和第二极片的厚度方向，沿厚度方向，第一框体的厚度等于或大于第一极片的厚度，和/或，第二框体的厚度等于或大于第二极片的厚度，可使第一集流体和第一活性物质层位于第一框体内，以及第二集流体和第二活性物质层位于第二框体内，可对第一极片和第二极片绝缘。
可选地，在本申请的一些实施例中，还包括外壳和绝缘件，电极组件设于外壳内，绝缘件设于外壳与电极组件之间并覆盖电极组件外表面的至少部分，以将电极组件固定在外壳内，且第一电连接件和第二电连接件伸出绝缘件。通过此设置，能够降低生产成本和提升工艺效率。
可选地，在本申请的一些实施例中，绝缘件通过树脂固化而成，该树脂可以是环氧树脂、酚醛树脂或硅树脂等，也可以是其它可固化的树脂。
可选地，在本申请的一些实施例中，第一导电层、第二导电层、第三导电层中的至少一者为导电胶，导电胶包括导电材料和粘接剂。其中，导电材料的质量在整个导电胶中的比例为10％-40％，导电材料包括导电炭黑、碳粉、碳纳米管和石墨烯中的一种或者多种，粘接剂包括聚偏氟乙烯、羧甲基纤维素、丁苯橡胶聚乙烯醇和聚丙烯酸的一种或者多种。
可选地，在本申请的一些实施例中，导电胶的电阻率为0～5Ω/mm 2。
本申请的实施例还提供了一种电池，包括上述任一实施例中的电芯。
本申请的实施例还提供了一种用电设备，包括上述实施例中的电池。
本申请实施例的电池和用电设备，通过采用上述的电芯，可减少外部线路串联的使用和占据的空间，将多个电极组件进行串联，提升电池的电压和电池的能量密度。
附图说明
图1示出了一些实施例中电芯的剖面示意图。
图2示出了一些实施例中第一极片的结构示意图。
图3示出了一些实施例中第二极片的结构示意图。
图4示出了另一些实施例中电芯的剖面示意图。
图5示出了一些实施例中第一电连接件的结构示意图。
图6示出了一些实施例中两个电极组件的结构示意图。
图7示出了一些实施例中两个电极组件、第一电连接件和第二电连接件的结构示意图。
图8示出了一些实施例中外壳的结构示意图。
图9示出了一些实施例中电极组件、外壳和绝缘件的结构示意图。
图10示出了另一些实施例中电极组件、外壳和绝缘件的结构示意图。
图11示出了一些实施例中电池的结构示意图。
图12示出了一些实施例中用电设备的结构示意图。
主要元件符号说明：
电芯        100
电极组件    10
第一极片    11
第一区域    11a
第二区域    11b
第一集流体  111
第一活性物质层  112
第二极片        12
第三区域        12a
第四区域        12b
第二集流体      121
第二活性物质层  122
电解质层        13
绝缘框体        20
第一框体        21
第二框体        22
第一导电层      30
第一电连接件    40
第一部分        41
第二部分        42
第二导电层      50
第二电连接件    60
第三部分        61
第四部分        62
第三导电层      70
外壳            80
空间            80a
绝缘件          90
电池            200
用电设备        300
第一方向        X
第二方向        Y
如下具体实施例将结合上述附图进一步说明本申请。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。
当一个组件被认为是“设于”另一个组件，它可以是直接设在另一个组件上或者可能同时存在居中的组件。当一个组件被认为是“连接”另一个组件，它可以是直接连接在另一个组件上或者可能同时存在居中的组件。
除非另有定义，本文所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本申请的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同。本文中在本申请的说明书中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施例的目的，不是旨在于限制本申请。本文所使用的术语“或/及”包括一个或多个相关的所列项目的任意的和所有的组合。
可以理解，当两元件平行/垂直设置时，两元件之间可存在一定的夹角，两元件之间的夹角允许存在0-±5％的公差，例如当两元件垂直存在公差时，其中一元件向靠近或远离另一元件倾斜，两元件之间的公差范围大于0°且小于或等于4.5°。
下面结合附图，对本申请的一些实施方式作详细说明。在不冲突的情况下，下述的实施方式及实施方式中的特征可以相互组合。
请参阅图1、图2和图3，本申请一实施例提供了一种电芯100，电芯100包括电极组件10和绝缘框体20。绝缘框体20连接电极组件10。电极组件10包括第一极片11和第二极片12，第一极片11连接第二极片12，绝缘框体20连接第一极片11和第二极片12。可选的，沿第一极片11和第二极片12沿第一方向X相对设置，第一方向X为第一极片11和第二极片12的厚度方向。
第一极片11包括第一集流体111和第一活性物质层112，第一活性物质层112设于第一集流体111。沿第一方向X，第一活性物质层112的投影与第一集流体111的投影有重叠。可选的，沿第一方向X，第一活性物质层112的投影 与第一集流体111的投影重叠，绝缘框体20的投影与第一集流体111的投影相接，绝缘框体20围绕第一集流体111的侧边。可选的，第一集流体111包括第一区域11a和第二区域11b，第二区域11b围绕第一区域11a，第一活性物质层112设于第一区域11a和第二区域11b，绝缘框体20连接第二区域11b，沿第一方向X，绝缘框体20的投影与第一活性物质层112的投影有重叠。可选的，沿第一方向X，第一活性物质层112的投影位于第一集流体111的投影内，第一集流体111包括第一区域11a和第二区域11b，第二区域11b围绕第一区域11a。第一活性物质层112设于第一区域11a，绝缘框体20连接第二区域11b，并围绕第一活性物质层112，沿第一方向X，绝缘框体20和第一活性物质层112在第一集流体111上的投影之间没有重叠部分，可进一步提高电芯100的能量密度。
第二极片12包括第二集流体121和第二活性物质层122，第二活性物质层122设于第二集流体121。可选的，沿第一方向X，第二活性物质层122的投影与第二集流体121的投影重叠，绝缘框体20的投影与第二集流体121的投影相接，绝缘框体20围绕第二集流体121的侧边。可选的，第二集流体121包括第三区域12a和第四区域12b，第四区域12b围绕第三区域12a，第二活性物质层122设于第三区域12a和第四区域12b，绝缘框体20连接第四区域12b，沿第一方向X，绝缘框体20的投影与第二活性物质层122的投影有重叠。沿第一方向X，第二活性物质层122的投影与第二集流体121的投影有重叠。可选的，沿第一方向X，第二活性物质层122的投影位于第二集流体121的投影内，第二集流体121包括第三区域12a和第四区域12b，第四区域12b围绕第三区域12a。第二活性物质层122设于第三区域12a，绝缘框体20连接第四区域12b，并围绕第二活性物质层122，沿第一方向X，绝缘框体20和第二活性物质层122在第二集流体121上的投影之间没有重叠部分，能够进一步提高电芯100的能量密度。
可选的，沿第一方向X，绝缘框体20的厚度等于第一极片11和第二极片 12的厚度之和，可对第一极片11和第二极片12进行绝缘。可选的，沿第一方向X，绝缘框体20的厚度大于第一极片11和第二极片12的厚度之和，可进一步对第一极片11和第二极片12进行绝缘。
在一实施例中，第一极片11为正极极片或负极极片中的一个，第二极片12为另一个。可选的，正极极片的集流体材料包括铜，负极极片的集流体材料包括铝。
在一实施例中，电极组件10还包括电解质层13，电解质层13设于相邻的第一极片11和第二极片12之间，并接触连接第一活性物质层112和第二活性物质层122。可选的，电解质层13包括聚环氧乙烷、聚丙烯腈、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、聚氯乙烯和聚偏二氟乙烯中的一种或者多种。可选的，电解质层13为固体状。沿第一方向，电解质层13的投影与第一活性物质层112和第二活性物质层122的投影重叠。
在一实施例中，绝缘框体20设置为整体结构，绝缘框体20的两侧连接第一集流体111和第二集流体121。可选的，绝缘框体20可通过灌胶后固化成型。
在一实施例中，绝缘框体20包括第一框体21和第二框体22，第一框体21设于第二区域11b并围绕第一活性物质层112。第二框体22设于第四区域12b并围绕第二活性物质层122，通过将绝缘框体20设置为第一框体21和第二框体22，便于组装，提升工艺效率。沿第一方向X，第一框体21和第一活性物质层112在第一集流体111上的投影之间没有重叠部分，第二框体22和第二活性物质层122在第二集流体121上的投影之间没有重叠部分，可进一步提高电芯的能量密度。第一框体21连接第二框体22。可选的，第一框体21和第二框体22为热熔胶制成，通过加热将第一框体21和第二框体22粘接的方式将第一框体21与第二框体22连接。
第一框体21具有第一空间，可容纳第一活性物质层112，第二框体22具有第二空间，可容纳第二活性物质层122。可选的，沿第一方向X，第一框体21的厚度等于第一极片11的厚度，可对第一极片11进行绝缘。可选的，沿第一 方向X，第一框体21的厚度大于第一极片11的厚度，可进一步对第一极片11进行绝缘。可选的，沿第一方向X，第二框体22的厚度等于第二极片12的厚度，可对第二极片12进行绝缘。可选的，沿第一方向X，第二框体22的厚度大于第二极片12的厚度，可进一步对第二极片12进行绝缘。
在一实施例中，第一集流体111具有凸出第一框体21的部分，第二集流体121具有凸出第二框体22的部分，将第一集流体111凸出第一框体21的部分和第二集流体121凸出第二框体22的部分作为极耳，连接外部设备。
请参阅图4和图5，电芯100还包括第一导电层30和第一电连接件40，第一导电层30连接第一集流体111背离第一活性物质层112的一侧，第一电连接件40连接第一导电层30。可选的，第一电连接件40包括沿第二方向Y设置的第一部分41和第二部分42，第二方向Y垂直于第一方向X。可选的，沿第一方向X，第一部分41的投影与第一集流体111的投影重叠。可选的，第一集流体111的投影位于第一部分41的投影内。第二部分42沿第二方向Y凸出第一集流体111，第二部分42可连接外部设备。
电芯100还包括第二导电层50和第二电连接件60，第二导电层50连接第二集流体121背离第二活性物质层122的一侧，第二电连接件60连接第二导电层50。可选的，第二电连接件60包括沿第二方向Y设置的第三部分61和第四部分62。可选的，沿第一方向X，第三部分61的投影与第二集流体121的投影重叠。可选的，第二集流体121的投影位于第三部分61的投影内。第四部分62沿第二方向Y凸出第二集流体121，第四部分62可连接外部设备。
请参阅图6和图7，在一实施例中，电极组件10的数量至少为两个，绝缘框体20的数量至少为两个，电极组件10的数量和绝缘框体20的数量相同。电芯100还包括第三导电层70，相邻的电极组件10通过第三导电层70连接，可减少外部线路的使用和占据的空间，将多个电极组件10进行串联，通过增加电芯100的数量，提升电池的电压和电池的能量密度。以相邻设置的两个电极组件10为例进行说明，其中一电极组件10的第一集流体111和另一电极组件10 的第二集流体121相对设置，第三导电层70设于第一集流体111和第二集流体121之间，且第三导电层70的两个表面连接第一集流体111和第二集流体121。沿第一方向X，第三导电层70的投影与第一集流体111和第二集流体121的投影有重叠。可选的，第三导电层70的投影与第一集流体111和第二集流体121的投影重叠。可选的，第一集流体111和第二集流体121的投影位于第三导电层70的投影内。沿第一方向X，相邻设置的两个电极组件10具有位于最外侧的第一侧边10a和第二侧边10b，其中位于第一侧边10a的为第一集流体111，第一集流体111设有第一导电层30，第一电连接件40连接第一导电层30。位于第二侧边10b的第二集流体121，第二集流体121设有第二导电层50，第二电连接件60连接第二导电层50。可以理解的是，可以根据需求增加电芯100的数量，并在相邻的电芯100之间通过第三导电层70进行连接。
在一实施例中，第一导电层30、第二导电层50、第三导电层70中的至少一者为导电胶，导电胶包括导电材料和粘接剂，导电材料的质量在整个导电胶中的比例为10％-40％，可以为10％、15％、20％、25％、30％、35％、40％中的任意一个比例。导电材料包括导电炭黑、碳粉、碳纳米管和石墨烯中的一种或者多种。粘接剂包括聚偏氟乙烯、羧甲基纤维素、丁苯橡胶聚乙烯醇和聚丙烯酸的一种或者多种。可选的，导电胶的电阻率为R，0＜R≤5Ω/mm 2，导电胶的电阻率可以为0.1Ω/mm 2、0.5Ω/mm 2、1.0Ω/mm 2、1.5Ω/mm 2、2.0Ω/mm 2、2.5Ω/mm 2、3.0Ω/mm 2、3.5Ω/mm 2、4.0Ω/mm 2、4.5Ω/mm 2、5.0Ω/mm 2中的任意一个。当电阻率超过5Ω/mm 2，由于本身内阻较大会有分压，因此会影响容量。
请参阅图8、图9和图10，电芯100还包括外壳80和绝缘件90。外壳80具有空间80a，电极组件10设于外壳80内。绝缘件90设于外壳80与电极组件10之间并覆盖电极组件10外表面的至少部分，第一电连接件40的第二部分42和第二电连接件60的第四部分62伸出绝缘件90，通过此设置，能够降低生产成本和提升工艺效率。可选的，沿第一方向X，第一集流体111和第二集流体121的投影位于绝缘件90的投影内，绝缘框体20至少部分凸出绝缘件90，可 对固定电极组件10以及对第一集流体111和第二集流体121绝缘。可选的，沿第一方向X，绝缘框体20的投影位于绝缘件90的投影内，可进一步对固定电极组件10以及对第一集流体111和第二集流体121绝缘。
可选的，绝缘件90包括树脂，将树脂加热融化后，通过灌注的方式将可流动的树脂设于外壳80后固化形成。树脂可以是环氧树脂、酚醛树脂或硅树脂中的一种。可选的，树脂还可以为环氧树脂、酚醛树脂和硅树脂中的多种。可选的，绝缘件90也可以是其它可固化的树脂。可选的，绝缘件90包括灌封胶、发泡胶和粘接剂中的一种。可选的，绝缘件90包括灌封胶，通过灌注的方式将可流动的灌封胶设于外壳80后固化形成。
下面将通过具体的实施例对本申请作进一步的说明。
将第一活性物质均匀涂覆在第一集流体111上，并进行冷压，得到第一活性物质层112，并将第一框体21设置在第一集流体111第二区域11b，获得第一极片11。将第二活性物质均匀涂覆在第二集流体121上，并进行冷压，得到第二活性物质层122，并将第二框体22设置在第四区域12b，获得第二极片12。将第一极片11、电解质层13和第二极片12进行组装，通过加热使第一框体21和第二框体22粘接。然后再将第一导电层30连接第一集流体111背离第一活性物质层112的一侧，将第一电连接件40连接第一导电层30，并将第二导电层50连接第二集流体121背离第二活性物质层122的一侧，将第二电连接件60连接第二导电层50，将得到的电极组件10和绝缘框体20放置于外壳80中，将绝缘件90加热融化后，通过灌注的方式将可流动的树脂设于外壳80内。重复上述部分制作包含单个电极组件10的电芯100、两个电极组件10的电芯100和四个电极组件10的电芯100，对电芯100进行测试。
表1
Figure PCTCN2021143195-appb-000001
Figure PCTCN2021143195-appb-000002
从表1可以看出，在总容量大致不变的情况下，实施例2和实施例4中的电压高于实施例1中的电压，通过增加电极组件10的数量，实现多个电极组件10之间的串联，提升电池电压，可以减少外部串接的方式，减少外部串接占据的空间，提升电池的能量密度。
请参阅图11，本申请还提供一种采用上述电芯100的电池200，电池200可以根据需求调整电极组件10的数量。
请参阅图12，本申请还提供一种采用上述电池200的用电设备300。在一实施方式中，本申请的用电设备300可以是，但不限于无人机、电动汽车、电动摩托车、电动助力自行车、电动工具、家庭用大型蓄电池等。
本技术领域的普通技术人员应当认识到，以上的实施例仅是用来说明本申请，而并非用作为对本申请的限定，只要在本申请的实质精神范围内，对以上实施例所作的适当改变和变化都落在本申请公开的范围内。

Claims (13)

  1. 一种电芯，其特征在于，包括：
    电极组件，包括：
    第一极片，所述第一极片包括第一集流体和第一活性物质层，所述第一集流体包括第一区域和围绕所述第一区域的第二区域，所述第一活性物质层设于所述第一区域；
    第二极片，与所述第一极片相对设置且极性相反，所述第二极片包括第二集流体和第二活性物质层，所述第二集流体包括第三区域和围绕所述第三区域的第四区域，所述第二活性物质层设于所述第三区域且与所述第一活性物质层相对；
    绝缘框体，设于所述第二区域和所述第四区域，且所述绝缘框体分别围绕所述第一活性物质层和所述第二活性物质层。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的电芯，其特征在于，所述绝缘框体包括第一框体和第二框体，所述第一框体设于所述第二区域且围绕所述第一活性物质层，所述第二框体设于所述第四区域且围绕所述第二活性物质层，所述第二框体连接所述第一框体。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的电芯，其特征在于，所述电极组件还包括电解质层，所述电解质层设于所述第一极片和第二极片之间，并连接所述第一活性物质层和第二活性物质层。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的电芯，其特征在于，还包括第一导电层、第二导电层、第一电连接件和第二电连接件，所述第一电连接件通过所述第一导电层连接所述第一集流体，所述第二电连接件通过所述第二导电层连接所述第二集流体。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的电芯，其特征在于，所述电极组件的数量至少为两个，相邻的所述电极组件之间设有第三导电层，所述第三导电层的两个表面分别连接一所述电极组件的所述第一集流体和相邻的另一所述电极组件的所 述第二集流体。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的电芯，其特征在于，还包括第一导电层、第二导电层、第一电连接件和第二电连接件，所述第一电连接件通过所述第一导电层连接在最外侧的其中一所述电极组件的所述第一集流体，所述第二电连接件通过第二导电层连接在最外侧的另一所述电极组件的所述第二集流体。
  7. 如权利要求2所述的电芯，其特征在于，所述第一极片和第二极片沿第一方向设置，所述第一方向为所述第一极片和第二极片的厚度方向，沿所述厚度方向，所述第一框体的厚度等于或大于所述第一极片的厚度，和/或，所述第二框体的厚度等于或大于所述第二极片的厚度。
  8. 如权利要求4或6所述的电芯，其特征在于，还包括外壳和绝缘件，所述电极组件设于所述外壳内，所述绝缘件设于所述外壳与所述电极组件之间并覆盖所述电极组件外表面的至少部分，以将所述电极组件固定在所述外壳内，且所述第一电连接件和第二电连接件伸出所述绝缘件。
  9. 如权利要求8所述的电芯，其特征在于，所述绝缘件通过树脂固化而成，所述树脂包括环氧树脂、酚醛树脂或硅树脂。
  10. 如权利要求6所述的电芯，其特征在于，所述第一导电层、第二导电层、第三导电层中的至少一者为导电胶，所述导电胶包括导电材料和粘接剂，所述导电材料的质量在整个导电胶中的比例为10％-40％，所述导电材料包括导电炭黑、碳粉、碳纳米管和石墨烯中的一种或者多种，所述粘接剂包括聚偏氟乙烯、羧甲基纤维素、丁苯橡胶聚乙烯醇和聚丙烯酸的一种或者多种。
  11. 如权利要求10所述的电芯，其特征在于，所述导电胶的电阻率为0～5Ω/mm 2。
  12. 一种电池，其特征在于，包括如权利要求1-11任意一项所述的电芯。
  13. 一种用电设备，其特征在于，包括如权利要求12所述的电池。
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