WO2023105168A1 - Procédé de protection en tension d'un système électrique multi sources - Google Patents
Procédé de protection en tension d'un système électrique multi sources Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023105168A1 WO2023105168A1 PCT/FR2022/052283 FR2022052283W WO2023105168A1 WO 2023105168 A1 WO2023105168 A1 WO 2023105168A1 FR 2022052283 W FR2022052283 W FR 2022052283W WO 2023105168 A1 WO2023105168 A1 WO 2023105168A1
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- Prior art keywords
- electrical
- power source
- electrical power
- bus
- voltage
- Prior art date
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000011022 operating instruction Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 230000001141 propulsive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000004590 computer program Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002123 temporal effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006399 behavior Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001010 compromised effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J1/00—Circuit arrangements for dc mains or dc distribution networks
- H02J1/10—Parallel operation of dc sources
- H02J1/12—Parallel operation of dc generators with converters, e.g. with mercury-arc rectifier
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J1/00—Circuit arrangements for dc mains or dc distribution networks
- H02J1/14—Balancing the load in a network
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2310/00—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load
- H02J2310/40—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle
- H02J2310/44—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle for aircrafts
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the operation of an electrical system comprising an electrical bus connecting at least one electrical power source to an electrical receiver.
- An electrical receiver is usually powered by an electrical power source through an electrical bus.
- the electrical bus may have faults or see its configuration evolve, and the electrical receiver may be disconnected from the electrical bus or, on the contrary, cause an overload. Consequently, the balance between, on the one hand, the consumption of electrical power by the electrical receiver and, on the other hand, the generation of electrical power by the electrical power source, is disturbed. It follows that the stability of the electric voltage of the electric bus can be compromised, which is likely to damage the electric power source, the electric bus and/or the electric receiver.
- An object of the invention is to improve the operation of an electrical system in which an electrical bus connects at least one electrical power source to an electrical receiver.
- a method for controlling the electric voltage of an electric bus connecting an electric power source to an electric receiver comprising the steps of: receiving an operating instruction from the electrical power source; reception of a measurement of the electric voltage of the electric bus; comparison of the measurement of the electric voltage with a template presenting limits of temporal evolution of the electric voltage; control of the electrical power source so that it: applies the operating setpoint if the electrical voltage measurement is within the limits of the template, or regulates the electrical voltage if the electrical voltage measurement falls located in outside the limits of the gauge, so as to bring the electrical voltage within the limits of the gauge.
- control method according to the invention may comprise at least one of the following characteristics, taken alone or in combination:
- the electrical power source regulates the electrical voltage by injecting electrical power onto the electrical bus
- the electrical power source regulates the electrical voltage by extracting electrical power from the electrical bus
- the operating instruction is received from a control device of an electrical system comprising the electrical bus, the electrical power source and the electrical receiver, the control method further comprising a step of transmission to the control device of information relating to the application, or not, of the operating instruction by the electrical power source;
- the electrical power source may be in a state compatible with the regulation of the electrical voltage or in a state incompatible with the regulation of the electrical voltage, the control method further comprising a step of determining the state of the electric power source, and wherein, if the state of the electric power source is determined to be incompatible with the regulation of the electric voltage, the electric power source applies the operating instruction even if the measurement of the voltage electric is outside the limits of the template.
- a method for controlling the electric voltage within an electric bus connecting a first electric power source and a second electric power source to an electric receiver comprising: the implementation of the control method as previously described by a first controller of the first electrical power source by means of a first template; and the implementation of the control method as previously described by a second controller of the second electrical power source by means of a second template; wherein the first template is different from the second template so as to selectively control one and/or the other of the first electrical power source and the second electrical power source in order to regulate the electrical voltage.
- a computer program comprising instructions which, when the program is executed by a computer, cause the latter to implement the control method as previously described.
- a computer-readable medium comprising instructions which, when they are executed by a computer, lead the latter to implement the control method as previously described.
- a controller of an electrical power source connected to an electrical receiver via an electrical bus comprising a processor configured to implement the control method such as previously described.
- an electrical system comprising an electrical power source, an electrical receiver, an electrical bus connecting the electrical power source to the electrical receiver and a controller as previously described, the controller being configured to control the electrical power source.
- the electrical system as previously described is such that the electrical bus is a direct current bus and the electrical power source is one of: a first assembly comprising a first electrical generator connected to one from a high pressure body or a low pressure body of an aircraft engine, and a first converter; a second assembly comprising a battery and a converter; and a third assembly comprising a second electric generator connected to a non-propulsive auxiliary source, and a second converter.
- another electrical system comprising a first electrical power source, a second electrical power source, an electrical receiver and an electrical bus connecting the first electrical power source and the second power source to the power receiver, the system further comprising a first controller of the first power source and a second controller of the second power source, each comprising a processor configured to implement the control method as previously described.
- the other electrical system as previously described is such that: the first electrical power source is a first assembly comprising a first electrical generator connected to one of a high pressure body or a low pressure body of an aircraft engine, and a first converter; the second electrical power source is one of: a second assembly comprising a battery and a second converter, and a third assembly comprising a second electric generator connected to a non-propulsive auxiliary source, and a third converter; and the electrical bus is a DC bus.
- the other electrical system as previously described is such that: the first electrical power source is a first assembly comprising a first electrical generator connected to a high-pressure body of an aircraft engine, and a first converter; the second electrical power source is a second assembly comprising a second electrical generator connected to a low-pressure body of the aircraft engine, and a second converter; and the electrical bus is a DC bus.
- the other electrical system as previously described is such that: the first electrical power source is a first assembly comprising a battery and a first converter; the second electrical power source is a second assembly comprising a second electrical generator connected to a non-propulsive auxiliary source, and a second converter; and the electrical bus is a DC bus.
- an aircraft comprising an engine and one or the other of the electrical systems according to the advantageous forms previously described.
- Figure 1 schematically illustrates an electrical system according to one embodiment of the invention.
- Figure 2 illustrates a template for regulating the electrical voltage of an electrical bus.
- Figure 3 schematically illustrates a sectional view of an aircraft engine.
- FIG. 4 schematically illustrates an electrical system according to one embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 5 is a flowchart of steps of a control method according to an embodiment of the invention.
- Figure 6 illustrates a plurality of different jigs for regulating the electrical voltage of an electrical bus.
- Figure 7 schematically illustrates part of the electrical system shown in Figure 4.
- an electrical system 100 comprises an electrical power source 111, 112, 113, preferably several electrical power sources 111, 112, 113, typically a first electrical power source 111 and a second electrical power source 112.
- the electrical power source 111, 112, 113 is a device configured to supply or evacuate electrical energy (or power), in various forms such as an AC or DC signal.
- the electrical power source 111, 112, 113 can be a voltage source, typically independently of the current delivered, or be a current source, typically independently of the voltage delivered.
- Non-limiting examples of electrical power sources 111, 112, 113 are: an assembly comprising an electrical generator and an electrical converter, a battery, a fuel cell, etc.
- the electrical power source 111, 112, 113 is a direct current source.
- the electrical system 100 also includes an electrical receiver 121, 122 (or electrical load), preferably several electrical receivers 121, 122.
- the electrical receiver 121, 122 is a device powered by electrical energy and can be configured to transform the electrical energy that supplies it into another form of energy, such as heat or mechanical energy.
- Non-limiting examples of electrical receivers 121, 122 are: an electric motor, a heating and/or air conditioning system, a compressor, etc.
- the electrical system 100 further comprises an electrical bus 130 connecting the electrical power source(s) 111, 112, 113 to the electrical receiver(s). ) 121, 122.
- the electrical bus 130 typically comprises a set of electrical conductors, typically a set of wire(s) or bar(s) and/or an assembly of wire(s) and/or one (or more) printed track(s) and/or any device used to conduct electricity.
- the electric bus 130 can moreover authorize the circulation of electric energy in the form of an alternating and/or continuous signal, preferably continuous.
- the electrical system 100 comprises a device for measuring (not shown) the electrical voltage of the electrical bus 130, which is generally the same regardless of the position within the electrical bus 130 and corresponds substantially to the electrical voltage at the input of the electrical receiver(s) and/or at the output of the electrical power source(s) 111, 112, 113.
- the measuring device is suitable for exchanging information, by materialized channel, for example via a communication bus, and/or by dematerialized channel, typically via a Bluetooth or Wifi connection, with a controller 141, 142, 143 and/or a aircraft control 150 as described below.
- the measuring device is configured to take a measurement of the electric voltage and/or of the time evolution of the electric voltage of the electric bus 130, and to transmit the measurement taken to the controller 141, 142, 143 and/or to the control device 150.
- the evolution over time of the electrical voltage within the electrical bus 130 during the operation of the electrical system 100 must remain within the limits of a template even if, of course, it may occasionally vary around a given nominal value.
- the electrical power source(s) 111, 112, 113 and/or the electrical receiver(s) 121, 122, which are connected to the electrical bus 130 operate correctly, the electrical voltage must not take value(s) that exceed the limits of the template.
- the template defines, in fact, the upper and lower limits of electrical voltage excursion, as a function of time, during the operation of the electrical system 100.
- the template can include limits defined for conditions normal and/or abnormal operating conditions, which limits surround, symmetrically or not, a nominal electric voltage level of the electric bus 130.
- limits In a diagram providing the evolution of the electric voltage as a function of time, a limit of one template is typically represented as a line, broken or not, as for example visible in Figure 2.
- the limit does not initially define a constant electrical voltage value, generally associated with the characteristic time of operation (or startup) of the electrical system 100, it is common for the limit to then define a constant electrical voltage value, as shown in Figure 2, in order to guarantee the stability of operation of the electrical bus 130 and, therefore, of the electrical system 100
- a template can, for example, be defined in a standard relating to the quality of the electrical system 100 and/or of the electrical network (not shown) to which the electrical system 100 is connected, but also be defined by a specification.
- an appliance to which the electrical system 100 is connected typically the requirements of an aircraft manufacturer into which the electrical system 100 is integrated.
- the electrical system 100 includes a controller 141, 142, 143 of the electrical power source 111, 112, 113, preferably several controllers 141, 142, 143, one for each of the power sources 111, 112, 113, typically a first controller 141 of the first electrical power source 111 and a second controller 142 of the second electrical power source 112.
- the controller 141, 142, 143 comprises a processor (not shown) configured to implement a control method E of the electrical power source 111, 112, 113 described in more detail with reference to Figure 5.
- the processor of the controller 141, 142, 143 is adapted to read a medium readable by computer comprising instructions which, when they are executed by a computer such as the processor of the controller 141, 142, 143, lead the latter to implement the control method E of the electrical power source 111, 112, 113.
- the computer-readable medium and/or the controller 141, 142, 143 are configured to load, typically into memory, a computer program comprising instructions which, when the program is executed by a computer such as the processor of the controller 141, 142, 143, lead the latter to implement the control method E of the electrical power source 111, 112, 113.
- the controller 141, 142, 143 can comprise a memory (not shown).
- the electrical system 100 advantageously comprises a device 150 for controlling at least part of the electrical system 100, that is to say for supervising the (or at least one of) electrical power source(s) 111, 112, 113, of electrical bus 130 and/or of (or at least one of) electrical receiver(s) 121, 122.
- the control device 150 is more particularly suitable for exchanging information, by physical means, for example via a communication bus, and/or by dematerialized means, typically via a Bluetooth or Wifi connection, with the control device(s) 141, 142, 143.
- control device 150 is able to transmit an operating instruction of the ( or the) electrical power source(s) 111, 112, 113, the operating setpoint possibly being one of the starting order of the electrical power source 111, 112, 113, the injection and/or the extraction of electrical power on the electrical bus 130, standby, voltage regulation of the electrical bus 130, etc.
- the operating instruction controlling the injection and/or the extraction of an electric power on the electric bus 130 can impose the level of power to be injected and/or extracted, or not.
- the electrical power source 111, 112, 113 is in a mode for regulating the power transmitted to (or to) electrical receiver(s) 121, 122.
- control device 150 is able to, for example, control the sharing of electrical power between the various electrical power sources 111, 112, 113.
- the electrical power source(s) 111, 112, 113 can be in an initial state compatible with the regulation of the electrical voltage of the electrical bus 130 or in a state incompatible with the regulation of the electrical voltage of the electrical bus 130.
- the electrical power source(s) 111, 112, 113 is (are) switched off or disconnected from the electrical system 100 or, for example, in default.
- the electrical power source(s) 111, 112, 113 is (are) in a state incompatible with the regulation of the electrical voltage of the electrical bus 130.
- the electrical power source(s) ) electrical power source(s) 111, 112, 113 is (are) in an initial mode in power regulation (injection or extraction), standby or voltage regulation of the electric bus 130, they are in a compatible mode with the regulation of the voltage of the electric bus 130.
- the electrical system 100 of FIG. 1 is therefore preferably multi-source and controlled in a decentralized or distributed manner, typically by the control device 150, each electrical power source 111, 112, 113 being able to be in a mode of operation (for example start-up, power regulation, standby, voltage regulation) different from other electrical power sources 111, 112, 113, which modes can change during operation, typically following an instruction from the control device 150.
- the electrical power sources 111, 112, 113 do not communicate with each other.
- the electrical power sources 111, 112, 113 do not coordinate for, by example, regulating the electric voltage of the electric bus 130. in parallel on the electrical bus 130.
- the electrical system 100 illustrated in Figure 1 can be used in any application requiring exchanges of electrical energy.
- the electrical system 100 can be used in the aeronautical field, for example by being partly integrated within an aircraft engine, like the one shown in Figure 3.
- FIG. 3 represents an engine 1 (or turbomachine) which generally extends along a longitudinal axis X-X, for example intended to be mounted on an aircraft (not shown), such as an airplane or a helicopter, for example under the wing of the aircraft, on the wing or even at the rear of the fuselage of the aircraft.
- an aircraft not shown
- an airplane such as an airplane or a helicopter
- wing of the aircraft on the wing or even at the rear of the fuselage of the aircraft.
- the engine 1 illustrated in FIG. 3 is a double-spool turbojet engine, turbofan and direct drive. However, this is not limiting since the engine 1 may not be intended to be mounted on an aircraft, comprise a different number of bodies and/or flows, and/or be another type of turbojet engine, such as a turbojet engine gearbox or turboprop.
- upstream and downstream are used in reference to the overall direction of gas flow through the engine 1 in operation.
- the engine 1 comprises, from upstream to downstream, a fan 10, a compressor section comprising a low pressure compressor 11 and a high pressure compressor 12, a combustion chamber 13 and a section turbine comprising a high pressure turbine 14 and a low pressure turbine 15.
- the longitudinal axis XX forms the axis of rotation of at least a part of the compressor section and of the turbine section, which are capable of being driven in rotation around the longitudinal axis XX with respect to a casing 16 of the engine 1.
- the fan 10, the low pressure compressor 11 and the low pressure turbine 15 are interconnected by a low pressure shaft 17 extending along the longitudinal axis XX to form the low pressure body 10, 11, 15, 17.
- the high pressure compressor 12 and the high pressure turbine 14 are interconnected by a high pressure shaft 18 extending along the longitudinal axis XX to form the high pressure body 12, 14, 18.
- the fan 10 draws in a flow of air, a portion of which, circulating within a primary stream, is successively compressed within the compressor section, ignited within the combustion chamber 13 and expanded at the within the turbine section before being ejected from engine 1.
- engine 1 generates thrust. This thrust can also, for example, be put to the benefit of the aircraft on which the engine 1 is attached and fixed.
- the aircraft further comprises an electrical network, part of which is represented in FIG. 4, making it possible to provide a certain number of functions, in flight as well as on the ground, such as the pressurization and/or the illumination of the cabin of the aircraft. aircraft, cockpit operation, etc.
- the electrical network of the aircraft comprises at least one electrical receiver 223, 224, preferably a plurality of electrical receivers 223, 224, at least one electrical power source 213, 214 , preferably several electrical power sources 213, 214, the electrical receiver(s) being connected to the electrical power source(s) 223, 224 via an electrical bus 232, and an aircraft control device 250.
- the engine 1 comprises at least one electrical receiver 221, 222, preferably a plurality of electrical receivers 221 , 222, such as a starter for the ignition of the engine 1 when starting the aircraft or a system for de-icing the engine 1, at least one electrical power source 211, 212, preferably several power sources 211, 212, the electrical receiver(s) being connected to the electrical power source(s) 221, 212 via an electrical bus 231, and a engine control device 260.
- an electrical receiver 221, 222 preferably a plurality of electrical receivers 221 , 222, such as a starter for the ignition of the engine 1 when starting the aircraft or a system for de-icing the engine 1, at least one electrical power source 211, 212, preferably several power sources 211, 212, the electrical receiver(s) being connected to the electrical power source(s) 221, 212 via an electrical bus 231, and a engine control device 260.
- FIG. 4 thus illustrates an embodiment of the electrical system 200, which is distributed between the engine 1 and the aircraft to make it possible to connect the mechanical and/or electrical components of the engine 1 (low pressure body 10, 11, 15, 17 , high pressure body 12, 14, 18, electrical receivers 221, 222 of the engine 1) to the mechanical and/or electrical components of the aircraft (battery 2130, non-propulsive auxiliary source 2140, electrical receivers 223, 224 of the electrical network of the 'aircraft).
- the electrical system 200 provides the interface between the mechanical and/or electrical components of the engine 1 and the mechanical and/or electrical components of the aircraft.
- the electrical system 200 comprises several electrical power sources 211, 212, 213, 214, each being connected to an electrical bus 231, 232: a first assembly 211 comprising a first electrical generator connected to the high pressure body 12, 14, 18 and a converter, a second assembly 212 comprising a second generator electric connected to the low pressure body 10, 11, 15, 17 and a converter, a third set 213 comprising a battery 2130 and a converter, and a fourth set 214 comprising a third electric generator connected to a non-propulsive auxiliary source 2140 and a converter .
- the non-propulsive auxiliary source 2140 itself comprises an engine (or turbomachine), which can typically have the same structure as that of the engine 1 illustrated in FIG. 3. As can be seen in FIG.
- each of these electrical power sources 211 , 212, 213, 214 is connected to the electrical bus 231, 232 in parallel with the other electrical power sources 211, 212, 213, 214.
- each of the first electrical generator, the second electrical generator and the third electrical generator is associated with an AC to DC converter.
- the electrical bus 231, 232 operates at direct current, while each of the high pressure body 12, 14, 18, of the low pressure body 10, 11, 15, 17 and of the non-propulsive auxiliary source 2140 tends to generate a alternating current via the electric generators then functioning as electric motors.
- the converter of the third set 213 makes it possible to adapt the DC voltage level of the battery 2130 to the DC voltage level of the electric bus 231, 232.
- the electric bus 231, 232 comprises two parts, the first set 211 and the second set 212 being connected to a first part 231, which is typically integrated into the motor 1, while the third set 213 and the fourth set 214 being connected to a second part 232, distinct from the second part 232, but electrically connected to the first part.
- the second part 232 is typically integrated into the aircraft. This makes it possible to optimize the layout of the electrical system 200 within the engine 1 and/or the aircraft.
- FIG. 4 also shows that each electrical power source 211, 212, 213, 214 is equipped with a controller 241, 242, 243, 244 configured to control its operation according to the control method E described in more detail below.
- the electrical system 200 illustrated in Figure 4 also includes a plurality of electrical receivers 221, 222, 223, 224, each connected to one or the other of the first part 231 and the second part 232 of the electrical bus 231, 232.
- These electrical receivers 221, 222, 223, 224 are integrated and useful to the engine 1 (electric receivers 221, 222) and/or to the aircraft (electric receivers 223, 224), if applicable.
- Each of the controllers 241, 242 of the first set 211 and of the second set 212 is controlled by a motor control device 260, which is in particular configured to ensure distribution of electrical power injected into and/or extracted from the electrical bus 231 by one or the other from the first set 211 and from the second set 212, according to the engine operating speed 1.
- the engine control device 260 is suitable for exchanging information, by physical means, for example via a communication bus, and/or by dematerialized means, typically by via a Bluetooth or Wifi connection, with each of the controllers 241, 242 of the first set 211 and of the second set 212.
- the electrical system 200 finally comprises an aircraft control device 250 suitable for exchanging information, by physical means, for example via a communication bus, and/or by dematerialized means, typically via a Bluetooth or Wifi connection, with each of the controllers 243, 244 of the third set 213 and of the fourth set 214 and/or with the motor control device 260.
- an aircraft control device 250 suitable for exchanging information, by physical means, for example via a communication bus, and/or by dematerialized means, typically via a Bluetooth or Wifi connection, with each of the controllers 243, 244 of the third set 213 and of the fourth set 214 and/or with the motor control device 260.
- the electrical system 200 illustrated in FIG. 4 behaves according to various modes of operation, some of which are detailed below.
- a first mode of operation the electrical system 200 operates in power generation, using the motor 1, so as to, for example, supply the electrical network of the aircraft while controlling the sharing of electrical power supplied by each of the first set 211 and of the second set 212.
- the electrical system 200 operates in assistance of the engine 1 so that, for example, the electrical network of the aircraft can provide electrical power to motor 1.
- the electrical system 200 can operate with imposed offtake so that the first assembly 211 and/or the second assembly 212 supplies an imposed electrical power to the electrical network.
- a fourth mode of operation the electrical system 200 operates in start-up so that the electrical network of the aircraft supplies the engine 1 with the power necessary for starting.
- the electrical system 200 behaves more precisely as follows.
- the first set 211 and/or the second set 212 present(s) various operating modes, each corresponding to a certain number of operating instructions that the corresponding controllers 241, 242 receive from the engine control device 260, among which: engine start , electrical generation and motor assistance.
- engine start When starting the engine, one of the third assembly 213 and/or of the fourth assembly 214 generates (or injects) electrical power onto the electrical bus 232, at least part of this electrical power being extracted by the first assembly 211 and /or the second assembly 212 in order to rotate the high pressure body 12, 14, 18 and/or the body low pressure 10, 11, 15, 17 around the longitudinal axis XX.
- the first assembly 211 and/or the second assembly 212 injects electrical power onto the electrical bus 231, which electrical power is extracted from the electrical bus 231, 232 by one (or more) electrical receiver(s) 221, 222, 223, 224, typically for the operation of non-propelling loads of the aircraft.
- a motor assistance mode 1 an electrical power imposed by the motor control device 260 is injected or taken from one of the first set 211 and/or the second set 212.
- the first assembly 211 and / or the second assembly 212 is (are) in a power regulation mode of the electrical system 200.
- the third set 213 also has various operating modes, each corresponding to a certain number of operating instructions that the corresponding controller 243 receives from the aircraft control device 250, including: charging and discharging.
- charging the third assembly 213 extracts electrical power from the electrical bus 232 in order to store electrical energy within the battery 2130.
- discharging the third assembly 213 injects electrical power extracted from the battery 2130 on the electrical bus 232, in order to supply the electrical receivers 221, 222, 223, 224 with electrical energy, to start the engine 1, for the injection engine assistance mode previously described, and/or for starting of the non-propulsive auxiliary source 2140.
- the fourth set 214 also has various operating modes, each corresponding to a certain number of operating instructions that the corresponding controller 244 receives from the aircraft control device 250, including: auxiliary source starting and electrical generation.
- the fourth assembly 214 extracts electrical power from the electrical bus 232 in order to start the motor of the non-propulsive auxiliary source 2140, which electrical power has been injected by another power source 211, 212, 213 , typically the third assembly 213.
- the fourth assembly 214 injects electrical power onto the electrical bus 232, in order to supply the electrical receivers 221, 222, 223, 224 with electrical energy , to start the engine 1, for the injection engine assistance mode described above, and/or for the storage of electrical energy by the battery 2130.
- the electrical system 200 would be liable to find itself in an operating mode in which: the first assembly 211 extracts a electrical power from the electrical bus 231, the second set 212 is on standby, the third set 213 is being discharged and the fourth set 214 has a fault which makes it unavailable.
- the battery 2130 itself is no longer available, no more electrical power source controls the electrical voltage of the electrical bus 231, 232.
- the electrical system 200 would be liable to find itself in an operating mode in which: the first assembly 211 extracts a power electric bus 231 and the second set 212 is on hold. If there is a disconnection from the electrical network of the motor 1 and from the electrical system 200, typically if the first part 231 is disconnected from the second part 232, then no more electrical power source controls the electrical voltage of the first part 231 of the electric bus.
- At least one electrical power source 211, 212, 213, 214 always controls the electrical voltage of the electrical bus 231, 232.
- a default if the electric power injected into the electric bus 231, 232 is less than the electric power extracted from the electric bus 231, 232, the value of the electric voltage of the electric bus 231, 232 collapses. Similarly, if the electric power injected into the electric bus 231, 232 is greater than the electric power extracted from the electric bus 231, 232, the value of the electric voltage of the electric bus 231, 232 increases.
- the controller 141, 142, 143, 241, 242, 243, 244 of the electrical power source 111, 112, 113, 211, 212, 213, 214 comprises a processor (not shown) configured to implement the control method E illustrated on Figure 5.
- the control method E illustrated in Figure 4 can also be implemented by any appropriate technical means to act on the (or) source (s) of electrical power 111, 112, 113, 211, 212, 213, 214 of the electrical system 100, 200.
- the control method E comprises a step of receiving E1 an operating instruction from the electrical power source 111, 112, 113, 211, 212, 213, 214.
- this instruction of operation is received from the controller 150, 250, 260.
- control method E comprises a step E2 of receiving a measurement of the electric voltage of the electric bus 130, 231, 232.
- this measurement is carried out by the measuring device, which transmits the measurement carried out to controller 141, 142, 143, 241, 242, 243, 244.
- control method E comprises a step E3 of comparing the measurement of the electric voltage which has been received with a template presenting limits of evolution over time of the electric voltage, typically that illustrated in FIG. 2.
- this step consists of determining whether the measurement of the electrical voltage is within or outside the limits of the gauge.
- the measurement of the electrical voltage is located exactly at the level of a limit of the gauge, it is considered that the measurement of the electrical voltage is located within the gauge.
- control method E comprises a step E4 of controlling the electrical power source 111, 112, 113, 211, 212, 213, 214.
- the electrical power source 111, 112, 113, 211, 212, 213, 214 is controlled so as to apply the operating instruction which has been received if the measurement of the electrical voltage is within the limits of the template.
- the electrical voltage level is such that the risk of damaging all or part of the electrical system 100, 200 is limited. Consequently, the operating setpoint can be applied by the electrical power source 111, 112, 113, 211, 212, 213, 214.
- the electrical power source 111, 112, 113, 211, 212, 213, 214 is potentially controlled so as to bring the electrical voltage within the limits of the template.
- the electrical power source 111, 112, 113, 211, 212, 213, 214 is potentially controlled so as to ignore the operating instruction which has been received, and to prefer voltage regulation to it. of the electric bus 130, 231, 232.
- this regulation involves the injection of an electric power on the electric bus 130, 231, 232, by the electric power source 111, 112, 113, 211, 212, 213, 214.
- this regulation involves the extraction of electrical power from the electrical bus 130, 231, 232, by the power source.
- the level of electric power injected and/or extracted from the electric bus 130, 231, 232 is adapted so as to bring the electric voltage within the limits of the template.
- the control method E comprises a step E5 of determining the state of the electrical power source 111, 112, 113, 211, 212, 213, 214.
- the state of the electrical power source 111, 112, 113, 211, 212, 213, 214 is determined to be incompatible with the regulation of the electrical voltage, the electrical power source 111, 112, 113 , 211,
- the electrical power source 111, 112, 113, 211, 212, 213, 214 regulates the electrical voltage so as to bring the electrical voltage within the limits of the template.
- the control method E comprising a step of transmitting to the control device 150, 250, 260 information relating to the application, or not, of the operating instruction by the electrical power source 111, 112, 113, 211, 212, 213, 214.
- the control device 150, 250, 260 can be kept informed of the state of the electrical system 100, 200 and, more particularly, of the electrical bus 130, 231, 232.
- the control device 150, 250, 260 can take appropriate measures if the operating instruction that it has transmitted is not applied by the power source electrical 111, 112, 113, 211, 212, 213, 214.
- control method E is implemented by each controller 141, 142, 143, 241, 242, 243, 244 of each of the electrical power sources 111, 112, 113, 211, 212,
- each controller 141, 142, 143, 241, 242, 243, 244 implements the control method E by means of a template which is specific to it, each template being different from the other templates, such as illustrated in Figure 6.
- a first template used by a first controller 141, 241, of a first electrical power source 111, 211 is distinct from a second template of a second controller 142, 242, a second electrical power source 112, 212.
- two templates are distinct when their limits are distinct, that is to say that they are not confused, even if they may occasionally (or partially) intersect or overlap.
- one template can contain another template, that is, the values associated with the limits of one template can fall within the limits of another template.
- each template has limits whose evolution can be similar or very different from the limits of the other templates, a constant value of electric voltage being able to be defined after a different lapse of time according to the template, the constant value of electric voltage being able to -even be reached according to a different evolution of the limit according to the template. Thanks to the use of different templates (that is to say distinct), it is possible to selectively control (or favor) one and/or the other of the electrical power sources 111, 112, 113, 211, 212, 213, 214, and this in order to regulate the electrical voltage.
- the electrical power source 111, 112, 113, 211, 212, 213, 214 having the closest limits to the nominal electrical voltage of the template will be brought, by the control method E, to regulate the electrical voltage of the electrical bus 130, 231, 232 before the others, which will only be brought to this regulation step if the efforts made by the electrical power source 111, 112, 113, 211, 212, 213, 214 first requested for the regulation are not sufficient and/or that the capacities of this electrical power source 111, 112, 113, 211, 212, 213, 214 do not allow it to overcome the fault bringing the electrical voltage of the electrical bus 130, 231, 232 to derive as much.
- each controller 141, 142, 143, 241, 242, 243, 244 makes it possible to determine the dynamics of selection of the electrical power sources 111, 112, 113, 211, 212, 213, 214 during the operation of the electrical system 100, 200, in order to guarantee the stability of the electrical voltage of the electrical bus 130, 231, 232.
- each gauge of each controller 141, 142, 143, 241, 242, 243, 244 is located within the template of the electrical bus 130, 231, 232, so as to ensure that the electrical voltage can never be found outside the limits of this template, even if all the electrical power sources 111 , 112, 113, 211 , 212, 213, 214 would be requested in this regard.
- control method E voltage protection for electrical systems such as those of the multi-source decentralized type can be obtained.
- at least one electrical power source 111, 112, 113, 211, 212, 213, 214 of the electrical system 100, 200 to switch to a voltage regulation mode, whatever operating instructions it may receive moreover, and insofar as it is compatible with voltage regulation, the balance between the generation and the consumption of electrical energy is more easily obtained within the electrical system 100, 200, typically by ensuring that the electrical voltage of the electrical bus 130, 231, 232 remains contained within the template.
- the electrical system 100, 200 is in a state in which the electric voltage of the electric bus 130, 231, 232 drifts without any electric power source 111, 112, 113, 211, 212, 213, 214 functioning so as to control this electric voltage .
- Such a control method E can make it possible, for example, to avoid offloading the electrical system 100, 200 of certain electrical receivers 121, 122, 221, 222, 223, 224 in the event of a disturbance in the balance of the electrical voltage.
- control method E it is no longer necessary to proceed with a prior establishment of the strategy for sharing electrical power injected by the electrical power sources 111, 112, 113, 211, 212, 213, 214 on the bus 130, 231, 232 in order to guarantee its stability, which sharing is necessarily approximate, since it generally takes into account the estimated performance of the electrical power sources 111, 112, 113, 211, 212, 213, 214, and it is based on a limited number of prior experiences.
- the control method E therefore makes it possible to simplify this protection of the electrical system 100, 200, for example by relieving the control device 150, 250, 260 of the task of allocating the sharing of electrical power between the electrical power sources 111 , 112, 113, 211, 212, 213, 214.
- control method E has, thanks to the implementation of the control method E, excellent response speed to always maintain the electrical bus voltage 130, 231, 232 in its size. This results in great speed in the voltage protection. In fact, having to systematically call and/or wait for commands from the control devices 150, 250, 260 could take too long, so that the voltage would get out of its gauge.
- the control method E thus allows voltage protection of the electrical system 100, 200. Indeed, in nominal operation, the voltage is correctly regulated but, in the event of a problem, the control method E allows fast voltage protection to prevent the voltage to go out of its gauge in the event that the control devices 150, 250, 260, which are of higher level, do not react quickly enough via the exchanges of information. A total loss of the electrical system 100, 200 is thus avoided.
- each controller 241, 242, 243, 244 comprises a processor (not shown) configured to implement the control method E previously described, by means of a template specific to it.
- the template (a) would be associated with the first set 211
- the template (b) would be associated with the second set 212
- the template (c) would be associated with the third set 213
- the template (d) would be associated with the fourth assembly 214.
- the first assembly 211 and the second set 212 comply with their operating instructions for as long as possible, given the electrical power that they are likely to develop.
- the third assembly 213 has been instructed to recharge the battery 2130, but it happens that the electrical voltage of the electrical bus 231, 232 collapses, then it is preferable to first instruct the third set 213 to discharge the battery 2130 to sustain the electrical voltage level of the electrical bus 231, 232 rather than continuing to charge the battery 2130 using electrical power extracted from the body high pressure 12, 14, 18 and/or low pressure body 10, 11, 15, 17.
- Figure 7 illustrates more precisely the interactions between the motor control device 260 and each of the controller 241, 242 of the first assembly 211 and the second assembly 212.
- each of the first controller 241 and the second controller 242 comprises several modules 2410, 2411, 2412, 2420, 2421, 2422 for controlling the behavior of the first power source (first set 211 in l species) and the second power source (second set 212 in this case).
- Each of these modules 2410, 2411, 2412, 2420, 2421, 2422 interacts with the others using communication signals represented by arrows in FIG. 7.
- these modules have access to the measurement of the electrical voltage TB of the electrical bus 231, 232.
- the modules 2410, 2411, 2412, 2420, 2421, 2422 comprise in particular: an operating mode control module 2410, 2420 of the electrical power source 211, 212, a selection module 2411, 2421 of the control reference associated with the requested mode of operation of the electrical power source 211, 212 and an electrical signal control module 2412, 2422 exchanged between the electrical power source 211, 212 and the electrical bus 231, 232.
- the operating mode control module 2410, 2420 of the electrical power source 211, 212 implements the control method E previously described.
- the first assembly 211 can operate according to the following modes: voltage regulation, power regulation, starting of motor 1, standby.
- the second assembly 212 can operate according to the following modes: voltage regulation, power regulation, standby.
- an electrical power source 211, 212 injects and/or extracts from the electrical bus 231, 232 the electrical power necessary to maintain a given electrical voltage level (typically according to the template associated with the electrical power source 211, 212 according to the control method E previously described) within the electrical bus 231, 232.
- the electrical power source 211, 212 injects and/or extracts power electrical power given (that is to say fixed in a predetermined manner) on the electrical bus 231, 232.
- the standby mode an electrical power source does not interact with the electrical bus 231, 232.
- the first assembly 211 extracts from the electric bus 231, 232 the electrical power necessary to start the high-pressure body 12, 14, 18.
- the selection module 2411, 2421 communicates the control reference to the electrical signal control module 2412, 2422, which controls the converter
- the arbitration is controlled by the mode control module 2410, 2420, which implements the following steps of the control method E previously described: reception E1 of an operating instruction from the electrical power source 211, 212, reception E2 of a measurement of the electric voltage TB of the electric bus 231, 232, comparison E3 of the measurement of the electric voltage TB with a template having time evolution limits of the electric voltage, control E4 of the source of power supply 211, 212, and transmission E5 to the aircraft control device 260 of information relating to the application, or not, of the operating instruction by the power supply source 211, 212.
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Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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EP22850577.2A EP4445464A1 (fr) | 2021-12-10 | 2022-12-08 | Procédé de protection en tension d'un système électrique multi sources |
CN202280081648.9A CN118414759A (zh) | 2021-12-10 | 2022-12-08 | 多源电气系统的电压保护方法 |
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FRFR2113313 | 2021-12-10 | ||
FR2113313A FR3130464A1 (fr) | 2021-12-10 | 2021-12-10 | Procédé de protection en tension d’un système électrique multi sources |
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WO2023105168A1 true WO2023105168A1 (fr) | 2023-06-15 |
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PCT/FR2022/052283 WO2023105168A1 (fr) | 2021-12-10 | 2022-12-08 | Procédé de protection en tension d'un système électrique multi sources |
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EP (1) | EP4445464A1 (fr) |
CN (1) | CN118414759A (fr) |
FR (1) | FR3130464A1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2023105168A1 (fr) |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP2168868A2 (fr) * | 2008-09-29 | 2010-03-31 | General Electric Company | Procédé et appareil pour unité de mise à niveau de bus électrique |
US20100264724A1 (en) * | 2009-04-15 | 2010-10-21 | Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation | Integrated power until as energy storage device for electrical power system |
US20110071705A1 (en) * | 2009-09-23 | 2011-03-24 | Aerovironment, Inc. | Aircraft Power Management |
US20190058434A1 (en) * | 2016-12-01 | 2019-02-21 | Guangzhou Xaircraft Technology Co., Ltd. | Aerial vehicle, and overvoltage protection method and device of electronic governor in the same |
-
2021
- 2021-12-10 FR FR2113313A patent/FR3130464A1/fr active Pending
-
2022
- 2022-12-08 WO PCT/FR2022/052283 patent/WO2023105168A1/fr active Application Filing
- 2022-12-08 EP EP22850577.2A patent/EP4445464A1/fr active Pending
- 2022-12-08 CN CN202280081648.9A patent/CN118414759A/zh active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP2168868A2 (fr) * | 2008-09-29 | 2010-03-31 | General Electric Company | Procédé et appareil pour unité de mise à niveau de bus électrique |
US20100264724A1 (en) * | 2009-04-15 | 2010-10-21 | Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation | Integrated power until as energy storage device for electrical power system |
US20110071705A1 (en) * | 2009-09-23 | 2011-03-24 | Aerovironment, Inc. | Aircraft Power Management |
US20190058434A1 (en) * | 2016-12-01 | 2019-02-21 | Guangzhou Xaircraft Technology Co., Ltd. | Aerial vehicle, and overvoltage protection method and device of electronic governor in the same |
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EP4445464A1 (fr) | 2024-10-16 |
FR3130464A1 (fr) | 2023-06-16 |
CN118414759A (zh) | 2024-07-30 |
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