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WO2023105142A1 - Device and method for measuring the torque of a transmission drivetrain - Google Patents

Device and method for measuring the torque of a transmission drivetrain Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2023105142A1
WO2023105142A1 PCT/FR2022/052230 FR2022052230W WO2023105142A1 WO 2023105142 A1 WO2023105142 A1 WO 2023105142A1 FR 2022052230 W FR2022052230 W FR 2022052230W WO 2023105142 A1 WO2023105142 A1 WO 2023105142A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
measuring
torque
rings
measurement
transmission
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/FR2022/052230
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Jérôme CUINAT
Camille DAVID
Nicolas Emmanuel PAULIN
Original Assignee
Safran Electronics & Defense
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Safran Electronics & Defense filed Critical Safran Electronics & Defense
Publication of WO2023105142A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023105142A1/en

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
    • G01L3/00—Measuring torque, work, mechanical power, or mechanical efficiency, in general
    • G01L3/02—Rotary-transmission dynamometers
    • G01L3/04—Rotary-transmission dynamometers wherein the torque-transmitting element comprises a torsionally-flexible shaft
    • G01L3/10—Rotary-transmission dynamometers wherein the torque-transmitting element comprises a torsionally-flexible shaft involving electric or magnetic means for indicating
    • G01L3/109—Rotary-transmission dynamometers wherein the torque-transmitting element comprises a torsionally-flexible shaft involving electric or magnetic means for indicating involving measuring phase difference of two signals or pulse trains
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
    • G01L3/00—Measuring torque, work, mechanical power, or mechanical efficiency, in general
    • G01L3/02—Rotary-transmission dynamometers
    • G01L3/04—Rotary-transmission dynamometers wherein the torque-transmitting element comprises a torsionally-flexible shaft
    • G01L3/10—Rotary-transmission dynamometers wherein the torque-transmitting element comprises a torsionally-flexible shaft involving electric or magnetic means for indicating
    • G01L3/12—Rotary-transmission dynamometers wherein the torque-transmitting element comprises a torsionally-flexible shaft involving electric or magnetic means for indicating involving photoelectric means

Definitions

  • TITLE Device and method for measuring the torque of a transmission chain
  • the present invention relates to torque measurement devices and methods, in particular torque measurement in torque transmission chain drive shafts.
  • the invention applies to any type of machine comprising a transmission system, for example a vehicle.
  • Torque measurement is necessary in several applications in order to check that the torque setpoint is respected or that the transmission shaft does not risk being damaged. Torque measurement also makes it possible, after analysis, to optimize performance and limit vibrations.
  • a torque sensor also called a torque meter.
  • this solution requires incorporating the torque meter into the transmission chain as soon as it is fitted or by modifying the transmission chain, a solution which is sometimes not possible, in particular when the volume housing the transmission chain is restricted and does not allow not to house the torque meter there.
  • Another solution consists in using a deformation gauge on a relatively flexible part of the transmission system and in calibrating the deformation in static to deduce the torque therefrom.
  • strain gauges must also be embedded in the drive train.
  • a telemetry device is also required and must be integrated into the transmission chain. This often cumbersome device must be integrated into the transmission system to be characterized without bringing too much inertia overall not to disturb the dynamic behavior of the transmission chain to be characterised. Telemetry is also to be avoided in certain machines comprising transmission chains.
  • the object of the present invention is therefore to overcome the aforementioned drawbacks and to provide a measuring device of small size without major modification of the transmission chain.
  • the subject of the present invention is a device for measuring the torque of a torque transmission chain comprising two measurement rings arranged on a transmission shaft of the transmission chain and at a distance from each other, two sensors for measuring the angle of rotation of the measuring rings, each positioned opposite a measuring ring, and means for calculating torque from the measurements of the sensors.
  • this device allows measurement of the torque without contact and without adding an element in the mechanics of the transmission chain other than the addition of a measuring ring and therefore without modifying the inertia of the transmission chain. transmission.
  • the measurement can be carried out in real time.
  • the measurement rings are each traversed by an alternation of high-contrast stripes, the stripes being regularly spaced and drawn parallel to the longitudinal axis of the transmission shaft.
  • the measurement rings each include a reference stripe wider than the other stripes.
  • the measurement rings include adhesive tapes to be applied to the driveshaft.
  • the torque measuring device further comprises a band for measuring the direction of rotation of the transmission shaft, placed in direct proximity to any one of the measuring rings and comprising stripes in quadrature with the measurement ring stripes nearby.
  • the torque measuring device comprises one or more measuring rings associated with one or more additional sensors.
  • the invention also relates to a method for measuring the torque of a torque transmission chain comprising the following steps:
  • the method further comprises a step of recovering the damping coefficient of the transmission chain, and a step of measuring the speed of rotation of each measuring ring with the sensors.
  • the method includes a preliminary calibration step so as to calibrate the angular origin of the measuring rings and to eliminate the angular non-linearities of the measuring rings.
  • the method comprises a step of detecting the setting in resonance by bending of the transmission shaft by studying the modulation of the amplitude of the measurement of the angle of rotation.
  • the invention also relates to a computer program configured to implement the method as defined above when it is executed by the computer.
  • the invention also relates to a computer-readable recording medium comprising instructions which, when they are executed by a computer, cause the latter to implement the steps of the method as defined previously.
  • a computer-readable recording medium comprising instructions which, when they are executed by a computer, cause the latter to implement the steps of the method as defined previously.
  • FIG 1 schematically illustrates a device for measuring the torque of a torque transmission chain according to the invention
  • FIG 2 is a flat view illustrating an embodiment of a measuring ring of a device for measuring the torque of a transmission chain according to the invention.
  • FIG 3 is a flowchart schematically illustrating the steps of a method for measuring the torque of a torque transmission chain according to the invention.
  • FIG. 1 There is shown schematically in Figure 1 a device 2 for measuring the torque of a transmission chain 4 of torque.
  • the transmission chain 4 connects for example an engine 6 to a propeller 8 and comprises at least one transmission shaft 10.
  • This is a transmission chain 4 of a motorized vehicle, an aircraft for example.
  • the rotation of the transmission shaft 10 is therefore limited to the rotations generally present in motorized vehicles, of the order of several thousand revolutions per minute.
  • the device 2 is intended to measure the torque of the transmission shaft 10.
  • the device 2 comprises two measurement rings 12 arranged on the transmission shaft 10 as well as two sensors 14 each positioned in front of a measurement ring 12.
  • Each sensor 14 is for example an optical sensor 14.
  • the sensor 14 comprises for example an optical system comprising a focusing lens, an optical fiber, a diode and a photodiode.
  • the device 2 further comprises means 16 for calculating torque from the measurements of the sensors 14.
  • the means 16 for calculating torque is for example a computer or an on-board electronic card. More precisely, the two rings 12 are positioned at a distance from each other, for example one upstream towards the engine 6, and the other downstream towards the propeller 8.
  • the distance which separates them makes it possible to take into account the stiffness of the transmission shaft 10 between the two measurement rings 12.
  • the flexibility between the two measurement rings 12 must be sufficient for the angular difference measured between the two measurement rings to be greater higher than the measuring accuracy of 14 sensors.
  • a measuring ring 12 is an adhesive tape applied and glued to the surface of the transmission shaft 10, so as to go around it.
  • a measurement ring 12 can also be engraved in the transmission shaft 10. More generally, a measurement ring 12 can be produced by any other means making it possible to modify the reflectivity on the perimeter of the shaft. 'shaft on a regular basis: it can be a toothed wheel, or even a variation in the state of the surface.
  • FIG. 2 a flat view of an embodiment of a measuring ring 12.
  • a ring measuring 12 has a width L of a few centimeters. It includes alternating dark and light 18 stripes with high contrast, for example alternating white and black 18 stripes.
  • the stripes 18 are regularly spaced and have a width E, also called thickness E, similar to each other.
  • the stripes 18 are also intended to be drawn parallel to the longitudinal axis A of the transmission shaft 10. In other words, the stripes 18 are drawn in the width L of the measuring ring 10.
  • the number and the thickness E of the scratches 18 are determined by taking into account the angular resolution of the sensors 14 as well as by taking into account the maximum rotational speed of the transmission shaft 10 and the sampling frequency of the sensors 14 in order to respect the Shannon criterion and to avoid spectrum aliasing.
  • F the minimum sampling frequency
  • n the number of passages from a light stripe to a dark stripe, and co the speed of maximum rotation in revolutions per minute at the level of a measuring ring 12
  • the criterion to be respected is given by the following equation: a>
  • a measurement ring 12 further comprises a reference stripe 20 which is thicker than the stripes 18.
  • the reference stripe 20 replaces, for example, a dark stripe 18 .
  • the reference line 20 makes it possible to define a relative angular origin for the angle measurement with respect to the other sensors 14.
  • the definition of the angular origin, also called calibration, is carried out for example beforehand when the transmission shaft 10 rotates at a slow rotational speed, of the order of a few revolutions per minute.
  • the reference line 20 is for example obtained at the junction of the beginning and the end of the adhesive tape positioned around the transmission shaft 10.
  • the reference stripe 20 has a size T large enough to be easily identified in relation to the stripes 18 but thin enough not to create a blind zone during the angle measurement.
  • the stripes 18 have a thickness E of a few millimeters and the reference stripe 20 has a size T approximately twice as large as the stripes 18.
  • the device 2 for measuring the torque comprises a band 22 for measuring the direction of rotation of the transmission shaft 10.
  • the band 22 is placed in direct proximity to any one of the measuring rings 12 so that the stiffness of the transmission shaft 10 between the band 22 and said measuring ring 12 is close to infinity.
  • the band 22 can be visible by a sensor 14 observing said measuring ring 12 or by an additional dedicated sensor 14 .
  • the strip 22 also includes stripes 18 distributed similarly to said measurement ring 12. However, the stripes 18 of the direction measurement strip 22 are arranged slightly offset from the stripes 18 of said measurement ring 12. This slight offset allows the sensor 14 and the calculation means 16 to detect the direction of rotation of the transmission shaft 10.
  • the device 2 as described above makes it possible to determine the torque of the transmission shaft 10 using torsional modeling and when the first mode of the torsional modeling is excited very predominantly compared to the other modes.
  • the modal decomposition of the transmission chain 4 can show a preponderance of the first mode of the torsional modeling. This first mode in particular reveals greater angular velocity variations on the engine side than on the propeller side, whose angular velocity profile is smoother.
  • the torsional modeling is established on the basis of an inertia-spring system in torsion and makes it possible to obtain the following equation: with C the torque of the transmission shaft 10, x the position on the longitudinal axis A of the transmission shaft 10, t the time, k the stiffness, also called local torsional stiffness of the transmission shaft 10 in Newtons. meter 2 /radian, 0 the angle of rotation of the transmission shaft 10 and p the local torsional damping factor of the transmission shaft 10 in Newton. meter 2 . second/rad.
  • a total equivalent stiffness can be calculated as well as a total equivalent damping factor.
  • the equivalent stiffness keq is expressed as follows:
  • the total equivalent damping factor is obtained in a similar way.
  • the term associated with the damping factor p is sometimes negligible and makes it possible to simplify the previous formula so as to reduce the torque measurement to a simple angle difference.
  • the device 2 then comprises one or more additional measurement rings 12 and optionally one or more additional sensors 14, a sensor 14 being able to be used for the observation of a single ring of measure 12. For example, three rings of measure 12 are needed in all to take into account the second mode, four rings of measure 12 for the third mode, etc...
  • the illustrated method is implemented by the device 2 illustrated in FIG.
  • a preliminary calibration step 32 can be carried out in preparation so as to calibrate the angular origin of the measurement rings 12 on the reference line 20 and to eliminate the angular non-linearities of the measurement rings 12.
  • angular non-linearities appear for example due to faults in the bonding of the measuring rings 12. These are faults which clearly appear at low rotational speed of the transmission shaft 10, since the torsion of the shaft is then zero .
  • the angular distance between the measuring rings must not vary in theory. If necessary, there are angular non-linearities which can be corrected by averaging the angular deviations over several turns of the driveshaft.
  • a step 34 of torsional modeling of the transmission chain by finite elements is carried out upstream.
  • this modeling is carried out for a part of the transmission chain located between two measurement rings 12 of the device 2.
  • This step 34 makes it possible to define the positioning and the number of sensors 14 as well as the way of estimating the torque at from the angular measurements to come.
  • This step can be carried out in parallel with the previous step 32.
  • the stiffness of the transmission chain 4 is recovered from the torsional modelling, which is input data provided by the manufacturer of the transmission chain 4 or measured during characterization tests.
  • a step 36 of measuring the angle of rotation of each measuring ring 12 is then carried out with the sensors 14. This step is carried out in real time.
  • the torque of the transmission chain 4 is determined in real time during a step 38 by torsional modeling as a function of the stiffness of the transmission chain 4, or more particularly of the stiffnesses of the various elements of the transmission chain 4 , the location of the transmission rings 12, the angles of rotation measured in step 36 and the length of the transmission chain, or more particularly the lengths of the elements making up the transmission chain 4 as described using previously stated equations.
  • the different elements of a transmission chain 4 are for example several transmission shafts 10.
  • step 40 of recovery of the damping coefficient of the transmission chain which is an input data provided by the manufacturer of the transmission chain 4 or measured during characterization tests, and used for step 34 of torsional modeling.
  • Step 40 makes it possible, for example, to recover the value of the damping coefficient from said torsional modeling carried out in step 34.
  • a step 42 of measuring the speed of rotation of each measurement ring 12 is also carried out with the sensors 14 in real time. Steps 40 and 42 are for example carried out respectively parallel to steps 34 and 36. Step 38 is then carried out by also taking into account the parameters of steps 40 and 42.
  • a step 44 of filtering the angular speed is carried out with a low-pass filter in order to reduce the measurement noise introduced for example by an interpolation method or by the sensor.
  • a step of filtering the torque value determined in step 38 is also carried out.
  • step 46 of detecting the setting in resonance by bending of the transmission shaft 10 by studying the contrast or the amplitude modulation of the measurement of the angle of rotation.
  • This step 46 thus makes it possible to have a highlighting and a follow-up of the bending modes in addition to the torsional modes.
  • This step 46 is carried out by analyzing the signal perceived by the sensors 14.
  • the real and/or ideal signal of the measurement rings is a crenellated signal due to the scratches 18.
  • the perceived signal is on the other hand a signal close to a sinusoid and whose contrast decreases when the sensor 14 moves away from the transmission shaft 10.
  • studying the contrast of the perceived signal we go back to the distance between the sensor 14 and the transmission shaft 10, and so to its flexion.
  • the preceding steps of the process for measuring the torque of a transmission chain can be implemented by a computer program.
  • the computer program may be a program implemented in an on-board microcontroller allowing near real-time computation.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Length Measuring Devices With Unspecified Measuring Means (AREA)
  • Testing Of Devices, Machine Parts, Or Other Structures Thereof (AREA)
  • Force Measurement Appropriate To Specific Purposes (AREA)

Abstract

This device for measuring the torque of a torque-transmitting drivetrain (4) comprises two measurement rings (12) arranged on a transmission shaft (10) of the transmission drivetrain (4) and at a distance from each other, two sensors (14) for measuring an angle of rotation of the measurement rings, each positioned opposite a measurement ring (12), and a means (16) for calculating torque based on the measurements of the sensors (14).

Description

DESCRIPTION DESCRIPTION
TITRE : Dispositif et procédé de mesure du couple d’une chaîne de transmission TITLE: Device and method for measuring the torque of a transmission chain
Domaine technique Technical area
La présente invention concerne les dispositifs et les procédés de mesure de couple, en particulier la mesure de couple dans les arbres de transmission de chaîne de transmission de couple. The present invention relates to torque measurement devices and methods, in particular torque measurement in torque transmission chain drive shafts.
De manière générale, l’invention s’ applique à tout type de machine comprenant un système de transmission, par exemple un véhicule. In general, the invention applies to any type of machine comprising a transmission system, for example a vehicle.
Techniques antérieures Prior techniques
La mesure du couple appliqué à un arbre de transmission est nécessaire dans plusieurs applications de manière à vérifier que la consigne de couple est respectée ou bien que l’ arbre de transmission ne risque pas d’ être endommagé. La mesure de couple permet également, après analyse, d’ optimiser les performances et de limiter les vibrations. The measurement of the torque applied to a transmission shaft is necessary in several applications in order to check that the torque setpoint is respected or that the transmission shaft does not risk being damaged. Torque measurement also makes it possible, after analysis, to optimize performance and limit vibrations.
La mesure d’un couple s’ effectue usuellement à l’ aide d’un capteur de couple, aussi appelé couplemètre. Cependant, cette solution nécessite d’ incorporer le couplemètre dans la chaîne de transmission dès son montage ou par modification de la chaîne de transmission, solution qui n’ est parfois pas possible, notamment lorsque le volume abritant la chaîne de transmission est restreint et ne permet pas d’ y loger le couplemètre. The measurement of a torque is usually carried out using a torque sensor, also called a torque meter. However, this solution requires incorporating the torque meter into the transmission chain as soon as it is fitted or by modifying the transmission chain, a solution which is sometimes not possible, in particular when the volume housing the transmission chain is restricted and does not allow not to house the torque meter there.
Une autre solution consiste à utiliser une jauge de déformation sur une partie relativement flexible du système de transmission et de calibrer la déformation en statique pour en déduire le couple. Cependant, les j auges de déformation doivent également être embarquées sur la chaîne de transmission. De plus, un dispositif de télémesure est également nécessaire et doit être intégré dans la chaîne de transmission. Il faut que ce dispositif souvent encombrant soit intégrable dans le système de transmission à caractériser sans apporter trop d’ inertie à l’ ensemble pour ne pas perturber le comportement dynamique de la chaîne de transmission à caractériser. La télémesure est également à proscrire dans certaines machines comprenant des chaînes de transmission. Another solution consists in using a deformation gauge on a relatively flexible part of the transmission system and in calibrating the deformation in static to deduce the torque therefrom. However, strain gauges must also be embedded in the drive train. In addition, a telemetry device is also required and must be integrated into the transmission chain. This often cumbersome device must be integrated into the transmission system to be characterized without bringing too much inertia overall not to disturb the dynamic behavior of the transmission chain to be characterised. Telemetry is also to be avoided in certain machines comprising transmission chains.
Exposé de l’invention Disclosure of Invention
La présente invention a donc pour but de pallier les inconvénients précités et de fournir un dispositif de mesure de faible taille sans modification majeure de la chaîne de transmission. The object of the present invention is therefore to overcome the aforementioned drawbacks and to provide a measuring device of small size without major modification of the transmission chain.
La présente invention a pour objet un dispositif de mesure du couple d’une chaîne de transmission de couple comprenant deux anneaux de mesure disposés sur un arbre de transmission de la chaîne de transmission et à distance l’un de l’ autre, deux capteurs pour la mesure d’ angle de rotation des anneaux de mesure chacun positionné en regard d’un anneau de mesure, et un moyen de calcul de couple à partir des mesures des capteurs. The subject of the present invention is a device for measuring the torque of a torque transmission chain comprising two measurement rings arranged on a transmission shaft of the transmission chain and at a distance from each other, two sensors for measuring the angle of rotation of the measuring rings, each positioned opposite a measuring ring, and means for calculating torque from the measurements of the sensors.
Ainsi, ce dispositif permet une mesure du couple sans contact et sans ajout d’un élément dans la mécanique de la chaîne de transmission autre que l’ aj out d’un anneau de mesure et donc sans modification de l’ inertie de la chaîne de transmission. Par ailleurs, la mesure peut s’ effectuer en temps réel. Thus, this device allows measurement of the torque without contact and without adding an element in the mechanics of the transmission chain other than the addition of a measuring ring and therefore without modifying the inertia of the transmission chain. transmission. In addition, the measurement can be carried out in real time.
Avantageusement, les anneaux de mesure sont parcourus chacun d’une alternance de rayures à fort contraste, les rayures étant régulièrement espacées et tracées parallèles à l’ axe longitudinal de l’ arbre de transmission. Advantageously, the measurement rings are each traversed by an alternation of high-contrast stripes, the stripes being regularly spaced and drawn parallel to the longitudinal axis of the transmission shaft.
Avantageusement, les anneaux de mesure comprennent chacun une raie de référence plus large que les autres rayures. Advantageously, the measurement rings each include a reference stripe wider than the other stripes.
Dans un mode de réalisation, les anneaux de mesures comprennent des rubans adhésifs à appliquer sur l’ arbre de transmission. In one embodiment, the measurement rings include adhesive tapes to be applied to the driveshaft.
Dans un mode particulier de réalisation, le dispositif de mesure du couple comprend en outre une bande de mesure de sens de rotation de l’ arbre de transmission, placé à proximité directe de l’un quelconque des anneaux de mesure et comprenant des rayures en quadrature avec les rayures de l’ anneau de mesure à proximité. Dans un mode de réalisation supplémentaire, le dispositif de mesure du couple comprend un ou plusieurs anneaux de mesure associés à un ou plusieurs capteurs supplémentaires. In a particular embodiment, the torque measuring device further comprises a band for measuring the direction of rotation of the transmission shaft, placed in direct proximity to any one of the measuring rings and comprising stripes in quadrature with the measurement ring stripes nearby. In an additional embodiment, the torque measuring device comprises one or more measuring rings associated with one or more additional sensors.
L’invention a également pour objet un procédé de mesure du couple d’une chaîne de transmission de couple comprenant les étapes suivantes : The invention also relates to a method for measuring the torque of a torque transmission chain comprising the following steps:
- Modélisation torsionnelle de la chaîne de transmission par éléments finis entre deux anneaux de mesure du dispositif tel que défini précédemment, et récupération de la raideur de la chaîne de transmission - Torsional modeling of the transmission chain by finite elements between two measurement rings of the device as defined previously, and recovery of the stiffness of the transmission chain
- Mesure de l’ angle de rotation de chaque anneau de mesure avec les capteurs ; et - Measurement of the angle of rotation of each measuring ring with the sensors; And
- Détermination du couple de la chaîne de transmission par modélisation torsionnelle en fonction de la raideur, de l’ emplacement des anneaux de mesure, des angles de rotation mesurés et de la longueur de l’ arbre de transmission. - Determination of the transmission chain torque by torsional modeling as a function of the stiffness, the location of the measuring rings, the measured rotation angles and the length of the transmission shaft.
Avantageusement, le procédé comprend en outre une étape de récupération du coefficient d’ amortissement de la chaîne de transmission, et une étape de mesure de la vitesse de rotation de chaque anneau de mesure avec les capteurs. Advantageously, the method further comprises a step of recovering the damping coefficient of the transmission chain, and a step of measuring the speed of rotation of each measuring ring with the sensors.
Avantageusement, le procédé comprend une étape de calibration préliminaire de manière à étalonner l’ origine angulaire des anneaux de mesure et à supprimer les non linéarités angulaires des anneaux de mesures. Advantageously, the method includes a preliminary calibration step so as to calibrate the angular origin of the measuring rings and to eliminate the angular non-linearities of the measuring rings.
Avantageusement, le procédé comprend une étape de détection de la mise en résonnance par flexion de l’ arbre de transmission par étude de la modulation de l’ amplitude de la mesure de l’ angle de rotation. Advantageously, the method comprises a step of detecting the setting in resonance by bending of the transmission shaft by studying the modulation of the amplitude of the measurement of the angle of rotation.
L’invention a également pour objet un programme d’ ordinateur configuré pour mettre en œuvre le procédé tel que défini précédemment lorsqu’il est exécuté par l’ ordinateur. The invention also relates to a computer program configured to implement the method as defined above when it is executed by the computer.
L’invention porte également sur un support d'enregistrement lisible par ordinateur comprenant des instructions qui, lorsqu'elles sont exécutées par un ordinateur, conduisent celui-ci à mettre en œuvre les étapes du procédé tel que défini précédemment. Brève description des dessins The invention also relates to a computer-readable recording medium comprising instructions which, when they are executed by a computer, cause the latter to implement the steps of the method as defined previously. Brief description of the drawings
D’ autres buts, caractéristiques et avantages de l’ invention apparaîtront à la lecture de la description suivante, donnée uniquement à titre d’ exemple non limitatif, et faite en référence aux dessins annexés sur lesquels : Other aims, characteristics and advantages of the invention will appear on reading the following description, given solely by way of non-limiting example, and made with reference to the appended drawings in which:
[Fig 1 ] illustre schématiquement un dispositif de mesure du couple d’une chaîne de transmission de couple selon l’invention ; [Fig 1] schematically illustrates a device for measuring the torque of a torque transmission chain according to the invention;
[Fig 2] est une vue à plat illustrant un mode de réalisation d’un anneau de mesure d’un dispositif de mesure du couple d’une chaîne de transmission selon l’ invention ; et [Fig 2] is a flat view illustrating an embodiment of a measuring ring of a device for measuring the torque of a transmission chain according to the invention; And
[Fig 3] est un organigramme illustrant schématiquement les étapes d’un procédé de mesure du couple d’une chaîne de transmission de couple selon l’ invention. [Fig 3] is a flowchart schematically illustrating the steps of a method for measuring the torque of a torque transmission chain according to the invention.
Exposé détaillé d’au moins un mode de réalisation Detailed description of at least one embodiment
On a représenté schématiquement sur la figure 1 un dispositif 2 de mesure du couple d’une chaîne de transmission 4 de couple. There is shown schematically in Figure 1 a device 2 for measuring the torque of a transmission chain 4 of torque.
La chaîne de transmission 4 relie par exemple un moteur 6 à une hélice 8 et comprend au moins un arbre de transmission 10. Il s’ agit d’une chaîne de transmission 4 d’un véhicule motorisé, un aéronef par exemple. La rotation de l’ arbre de transmission 10 est donc limitée aux rotations généralement présentes dans les véhicules motorisés, de l’ ordre de plusieurs milliers de tours par minute. The transmission chain 4 connects for example an engine 6 to a propeller 8 and comprises at least one transmission shaft 10. This is a transmission chain 4 of a motorized vehicle, an aircraft for example. The rotation of the transmission shaft 10 is therefore limited to the rotations generally present in motorized vehicles, of the order of several thousand revolutions per minute.
Le dispositif 2 est destiné à mesurer le couple de l’ arbre de transmission 10. Le dispositif 2 comprend deux anneaux de mesure 12 disposés sur l’ arbre de transmission 10 ainsi que deux capteurs 14 positionnés chacun devant un anneau de mesure 12. Chaque capteur 14 est par exemple un capteur optique 14. Le capteur 14 comprend par exemple un système optique comprenant une lentille focalisante, une fibre optique, une diode et une photodiode. Le dispositif 2 comprend en outre un moyen 16 de calcul de couple à partir des mesures des capteurs 14. Le moyen 16 de calcul de couple est par exemple un ordinateur ou une carte électronique embarquée. Plus précisément, les deux anneaux 12 sont positionnés à distance l’un de l’ autre, par exemple l’un en amont vers le moteur 6, et l’ autre en aval vers l’hélice 8. La distance qui les sépare permet de prendre en compte la raideur de l’ arbre de transmission 10 entre les deux anneaux de mesure 12. Autrement dit, la souplesse entre les deux anneaux de mesure 12 doit être suffisante pour que l’ écart angulaire mesuré entre les deux anneaux de mesure soit plus élevé que la précision de mesure des capteurs 14. The device 2 is intended to measure the torque of the transmission shaft 10. The device 2 comprises two measurement rings 12 arranged on the transmission shaft 10 as well as two sensors 14 each positioned in front of a measurement ring 12. Each sensor 14 is for example an optical sensor 14. The sensor 14 comprises for example an optical system comprising a focusing lens, an optical fiber, a diode and a photodiode. The device 2 further comprises means 16 for calculating torque from the measurements of the sensors 14. The means 16 for calculating torque is for example a computer or an on-board electronic card. More precisely, the two rings 12 are positioned at a distance from each other, for example one upstream towards the engine 6, and the other downstream towards the propeller 8. The distance which separates them makes it possible to take into account the stiffness of the transmission shaft 10 between the two measurement rings 12. In other words, the flexibility between the two measurement rings 12 must be sufficient for the angular difference measured between the two measurement rings to be greater higher than the measuring accuracy of 14 sensors.
Dans un mode particulier de réalisation, un anneau de mesure 12 est un ruban adhésif appliqué et collé sur la surface de l’ arbre de transmission 10, de manière à en faire le tour. Dans d’ autres modes de réalisation, un anneau de mesure 12 peut également être gravé dans l’ arbre de transmission 10. Plus généralement, un anneau de mesure 12 peut être réalisé par tout autre moyen permettant de modifier la réflectivité sur le périmètre de l’ arbre de façon régulière : il peut s’ agir d’une roue crantée, ou encore d’une variation d’ état de la surface. In a particular embodiment, a measuring ring 12 is an adhesive tape applied and glued to the surface of the transmission shaft 10, so as to go around it. In other embodiments, a measurement ring 12 can also be engraved in the transmission shaft 10. More generally, a measurement ring 12 can be produced by any other means making it possible to modify the reflectivity on the perimeter of the shaft. 'shaft on a regular basis: it can be a toothed wheel, or even a variation in the state of the surface.
On a représenté sur la figure 2 une vue à plat d’un mode de réalisation d’un anneau de mesure 12. There is shown in Figure 2 a flat view of an embodiment of a measuring ring 12.
Un anneau de mesure 12 a une largeur L de quelques centimètres. Il comprend une alternance de rayures 18 foncées et claires à fort contraste, par exemple une alternance de rayures 18 blanches et noires. Les rayures 18 sont régulièrement espacées et ont une largeur E, également appelée épaisseur E semblable entre elles. Les rayures 18 sont en outre destinées à être tracées parallèles à l’ axe longitudinal A de l’ arbre de transmission 10. Autrement dit, les rayures 18 sont tracées dans la largeur L de l’ anneau de mesure 10. A ring measuring 12 has a width L of a few centimeters. It includes alternating dark and light 18 stripes with high contrast, for example alternating white and black 18 stripes. The stripes 18 are regularly spaced and have a width E, also called thickness E, similar to each other. The stripes 18 are also intended to be drawn parallel to the longitudinal axis A of the transmission shaft 10. In other words, the stripes 18 are drawn in the width L of the measuring ring 10.
Le nombre et l’ épaisseur E des rayures 18 sont déterminés en prenant en compte la résolution angulaire des capteurs 14 ainsi qu’ en prenant en compte la vitesse de rotation maximale de l’ arbre de transmission 10 et la fréquence d’ échantillonnage des capteurs 14 afin de respecter le critère de Shannon et d’ éviter un repliement de spectre. Ainsi, avec F la fréquence d’ échantillonnage minimum, n le nombre de passage d’une rayure claire vers une rayure foncée, et co la vitesse de rotation maximale en tour par minute au niveau d’un anneau de mesure 12, le critère à respecter est donné par l’ équation suivante : a> The number and the thickness E of the scratches 18 are determined by taking into account the angular resolution of the sensors 14 as well as by taking into account the maximum rotational speed of the transmission shaft 10 and the sampling frequency of the sensors 14 in order to respect the Shannon criterion and to avoid spectrum aliasing. Thus, with F the minimum sampling frequency, n the number of passages from a light stripe to a dark stripe, and co the speed of maximum rotation in revolutions per minute at the level of a measuring ring 12, the criterion to be respected is given by the following equation: a>
F > 2n — 60 F > 2n — 60
Un anneau de mesure 12 comprend en outre une raie de référence 20 plus épaisse que les rayures 18. La raie de référence 20 remplace par exemple une rayure 18 foncée. La raie de référence 20 permet de définir une origine angulaire relative pour la mesure d’ angle par rapport aux autres capteurs 14. La définition de l’ origine angulaire, aussi appelée calibration, s’ effectue par exemple préalablement lorsque l’ arbre de transmission 10 tourne à une vitesse de rotation lente, de l’ ordre de quelques tours par minute. A measurement ring 12 further comprises a reference stripe 20 which is thicker than the stripes 18. The reference stripe 20 replaces, for example, a dark stripe 18 . The reference line 20 makes it possible to define a relative angular origin for the angle measurement with respect to the other sensors 14. The definition of the angular origin, also called calibration, is carried out for example beforehand when the transmission shaft 10 rotates at a slow rotational speed, of the order of a few revolutions per minute.
Lorsque les anneaux de mesure 12 sont réalisés à partir de ruban adhésif, la raie de référence 20 est par exemple obtenue à la jonction du début et de la fin du ruban adhésif positionné sur le tour de l’ arbre de transmission 10. When the measuring rings 12 are made from adhesive tape, the reference line 20 is for example obtained at the junction of the beginning and the end of the adhesive tape positioned around the transmission shaft 10.
La raie de référence 20 a une taille T suffisamment importante pour être aisément identifiée par rapport aux rayures 18 mais suffisamment fine pour ne pas créer de zone aveugle lors de la mesure d’ angle. The reference stripe 20 has a size T large enough to be easily identified in relation to the stripes 18 but thin enough not to create a blind zone during the angle measurement.
A titre d’ exemple, les rayures 18 ont une épaisseur E de quelques millimètres et la raie de référence 20 a une taille T environ deux fois plus grande que les rayures 18. By way of example, the stripes 18 have a thickness E of a few millimeters and the reference stripe 20 has a size T approximately twice as large as the stripes 18.
Optionnellement, le dispositif 2 de mesure du couple comprend une bande 22 de mesure du sens de rotation de l’ arbre de transmission 10. La bande 22 est placée à proximité directe de l’un quelconque des anneaux de mesure 12 de sorte que la raideur de l’ arbre de transmission 10 entre la bande 22 et ledit anneau de mesure 12 est proche de l’ infini. La bande 22 peut être visible par un capteur 14 observant ledit anneau de mesure 12 ou par un capteur 14 supplémentaire dédié. Optionally, the device 2 for measuring the torque comprises a band 22 for measuring the direction of rotation of the transmission shaft 10. The band 22 is placed in direct proximity to any one of the measuring rings 12 so that the stiffness of the transmission shaft 10 between the band 22 and said measuring ring 12 is close to infinity. The band 22 can be visible by a sensor 14 observing said measuring ring 12 or by an additional dedicated sensor 14 .
La bande 22 comprend également des rayures 18 réparties similairement audit anneau de mesure 12. Cependant, les rayures 18 de la bande 22 de mesure de sens sont disposées légèrement décalées par rapport aux rayures 18 dudit anneau de mesure 12. Ce léger décalage permet au capteur 14 et au moyen de calcul 16 de détecter le sens de rotation de l’ arbre de transmission 10. The strip 22 also includes stripes 18 distributed similarly to said measurement ring 12. However, the stripes 18 of the direction measurement strip 22 are arranged slightly offset from the stripes 18 of said measurement ring 12. This slight offset allows the sensor 14 and the calculation means 16 to detect the direction of rotation of the transmission shaft 10.
Le dispositif 2 tel que décrit précédemment permet de déterminer le couple de l’ arbre de transmission 10 à l’ aide d’une modélisation torsionnelle et lorsque le premier mode de la modélisation torsionnelle est excité très majoritairement par rapport aux autres modes. En pratique, pour une chaîne de transmission 4 classique d’un véhicule, la décomposition modale de la chaîne de transmission 4 peut montrer une prépondérance du premier mode de la modélisation torsionnelle. Ce premier mode fait en particulier apparaître des variations de vitesses angulaires plus importantes du côté du moteur que du côté de l’hélice, dont le profil des vitesses angulaires est plus lissé. The device 2 as described above makes it possible to determine the torque of the transmission shaft 10 using torsional modeling and when the first mode of the torsional modeling is excited very predominantly compared to the other modes. In practice, for a conventional transmission chain 4 of a vehicle, the modal decomposition of the transmission chain 4 can show a preponderance of the first mode of the torsional modeling. This first mode in particular reveals greater angular velocity variations on the engine side than on the propeller side, whose angular velocity profile is smoother.
La modélisation torsionnelle est établie sur la base d’un système inertie-ressort en torsion et permet d’ obtenir l’ équation suivante :
Figure imgf000008_0001
avec C le couple de l’ arbre de transmission 10, x la position sur l’ axe longitudinal A de l’ arbre de transmission 10, t le temps, k la raideur, également appelée rigidité, torsionnelle locale de l’ arbre de transmission 10 en Newton. mètre2/radian, 0 l’ angle de rotation de l’ arbre de transmission 10 et p le facteur d’ amortissement torsionnel local de l’ arbre de transmission 10 en Newton. mètre2. seconde/rad.The torsional modeling is established on the basis of an inertia-spring system in torsion and makes it possible to obtain the following equation:
Figure imgf000008_0001
with C the torque of the transmission shaft 10, x the position on the longitudinal axis A of the transmission shaft 10, t the time, k the stiffness, also called local torsional stiffness of the transmission shaft 10 in Newtons. meter 2 /radian, 0 the angle of rotation of the transmission shaft 10 and p the local torsional damping factor of the transmission shaft 10 in Newton. meter 2 . second/rad.
En vérifiant la base modale sur le modèle torsionnel par simulation, il est possible de vérifier que le couple est majoritairement influencé par le premier mode et que le couple est alors indépendant de la position dans la chaîne de transmission 4. Avec k et p respectivement la raideur torsionnelle totale d’un arbre de transmission 10 de la longueur totale X et le facteur d’ amortissement torsionnel total de ce même arbre de transmission 10, et x l et x2 les positions de deux anneaux de mesure 12, le couple s’ exprime alors :
Figure imgf000008_0002
By verifying the modal base on the torsional model by simulation, it is possible to verify that the torque is mainly influenced by the first mode and that the torque is then independent of the position in the transmission chain 4. With k and p respectively the total torsional stiffness of a transmission shaft 10 of total length X and the total torsional damping factor of this same transmission shaft 10, and xl and x2 the positions of two measurement rings 12, the torque is then expressed :
Figure imgf000008_0002
Il est à noter que pour une chaîne de transmission comprenant plusieurs éléments, on peut calculer une raideur équivalente totale ainsi qu’un facteur d’ amortissement équivalent total. Par exemple, pour une chaîne de transmission de longueur Xeq comprenant un premier élément de longueur X I et de raideur kl et un second élément de longueur X2 et de raideur k2, la raideur équivalente keq s’ exprime de la manière suivante :
Figure imgf000009_0001
It should be noted that for a transmission chain comprising several elements, a total equivalent stiffness can be calculated as well as a total equivalent damping factor. For example, for a transmission chain of length Xeq comprising a first element of length XI and stiffness kl and a second element of length X2 and stiffness k2, the equivalent stiffness keq is expressed as follows:
Figure imgf000009_0001
Le facteur d’ amortissement équivalent total s’ obtient de manière similaire. The total equivalent damping factor is obtained in a similar way.
Par ailleurs, le terme associé au facteur d’ amortissement p est parfois négligeable et permet de simplifier la formule précédente de manière à réduire la mesure de couple à une simple différence d’ angles. Moreover, the term associated with the damping factor p is sometimes negligible and makes it possible to simplify the previous formula so as to reduce the torque measurement to a simple angle difference.
A l’ inverse, dans de rares cas, d’ autres modes que le premier mode du modèle torsionnel peuvent influer sur le couple. Pour mesurer le couple dans la chaîne de transmission 4 dans un tel cas, le dispositif 2 comprend alors un ou plusieurs anneaux de mesure 12 supplémentaires et optionnellement un ou plusieurs capteurs 14 supplémentaires, un capteur 14 pouvant être utilisé pour l’ observation d’un unique anneau de mesure 12. Il faut par exemple trois anneaux de mesure 12 en tout pour prendre en compte le deuxième mode, quatre anneaux de mesure 12 pour le troisième mode, etc... Conversely, in rare cases, other modes than the first mode of the torsional model can influence the torque. To measure the torque in the transmission chain 4 in such a case, the device 2 then comprises one or more additional measurement rings 12 and optionally one or more additional sensors 14, a sensor 14 being able to be used for the observation of a single ring of measure 12. For example, three rings of measure 12 are needed in all to take into account the second mode, four rings of measure 12 for the third mode, etc...
On a représenté sur la figure 3 les différentes étapes d’un procédé de mesure du couple d’une chaîne de transmission. The different steps of a process for measuring the torque of a transmission chain have been represented in figure 3.
Le procédé illustré est mis en œuvre par le dispositif 2 illustré à la figure 1 . The illustrated method is implemented by the device 2 illustrated in FIG.
Optionnellement et en amont, on peut effectuer en préparation une étape 32 de calibration préliminaire de manière à étalonner l’ origine angulaire des anneaux de mesure 12 sur la raie de référence 20 et à supprimer les non linéarités angulaires des anneaux de mesures 12. En particulier, des non linéarités angulaires apparaissent par exemple en raison de défauts de collage des anneaux de mesure 12. Ce sont des défauts qui apparaissent clairement à basse vitesse de rotation de l’ arbre de transmission 10, car la torsion de l’ arbre est alors nulle. L’ écart angulaire entre les anneaux de mesure ne doit par varier en théorie. Le cas échéant, il existe des non linéarités angulaires qui peuvent être corrigées en moyennant les écarts angulaires sur plusieurs tours de l’ arbre de transmission. Ces défauts de linéarité peuvent donc être caractérisés de manière statistique en faisant l’hypothèse que les fréquences de torsion excitées sont très majoritairement asynchrones par rapport à la fréquence de rotation de la chaîne de transmission. Ainsi sur une durée d’ acquisition suffisamment longue, l’écart angulaire moyen entre deux capteurs est principalement lié à la non-linéarité différentielle entre ces deux capteurs. Optionally and upstream, a preliminary calibration step 32 can be carried out in preparation so as to calibrate the angular origin of the measurement rings 12 on the reference line 20 and to eliminate the angular non-linearities of the measurement rings 12. In particular , angular non-linearities appear for example due to faults in the bonding of the measuring rings 12. These are faults which clearly appear at low rotational speed of the transmission shaft 10, since the torsion of the shaft is then zero . The angular distance between the measuring rings must not vary in theory. If necessary, there are angular non-linearities which can be corrected by averaging the angular deviations over several turns of the driveshaft. These linearity defects can therefore be characterized statistically by making the assumption that the torsion frequencies excited are for the most part asynchronous with respect to the rotational frequency of the transmission chain. Thus over a sufficiently long acquisition period, the average angular deviation between two sensors is mainly linked to the differential non-linearity between these two sensors.
Pour la mise en œuvre du procédé, on effectue en amont une étape 34 de modélisation torsionnelle de la chaîne de transmission par éléments finis. En particulier, on effectue cette modélisation pour une partie de la chaîne de transmission située entre deux anneaux de mesure 12 du dispositif 2. Cette étape 34 permet de définir le positionnement et le nombre de capteurs 14 ainsi que la manière d’ estimer le couple à partir des mesures angulaires à venir. Cette étape peut être menée en parallèle de l’ étape 32 précédente. Dans le même temps, on récupère la raideur de la chaîne de transmission 4 depuis la modélisation torsionnelle, qui est une donnée d’entrée fournie par le constructeur de la chaîne de transmission 4 ou mesurée lors d’ essais de caractérisation. For the implementation of the method, a step 34 of torsional modeling of the transmission chain by finite elements is carried out upstream. In particular, this modeling is carried out for a part of the transmission chain located between two measurement rings 12 of the device 2. This step 34 makes it possible to define the positioning and the number of sensors 14 as well as the way of estimating the torque at from the angular measurements to come. This step can be carried out in parallel with the previous step 32. At the same time, the stiffness of the transmission chain 4 is recovered from the torsional modelling, which is input data provided by the manufacturer of the transmission chain 4 or measured during characterization tests.
On effectue ensuite une étape 36 de mesure de l’ angle de rotation de chaque anneau de mesure 12 avec les capteurs 14. Cette étape est effectuée en temps réel. A step 36 of measuring the angle of rotation of each measuring ring 12 is then carried out with the sensors 14. This step is carried out in real time.
Puis, on détermine en temps réel lors d’une étape 38 le couple de la chaîne de transmission 4 par modélisation torsionnelle en fonction de la raideur de la chaîne de transmission 4, ou plus particulièrement des raideurs des différents éléments de la chaîne de transmission 4, de l’ emplacement des anneaux de transmission 12, des angles de rotation mesurés à l’ étape 36 et de la longueur de la chaîne de transmission, ou plus particulièrement des longueurs des éléments composant la chaîne de transmission 4 comme décrit à l’ aide des équations précédemment énoncées. Les différents éléments d’une chaîne de transmission 4 sont par exemple plusieurs arbres de transmission 10. Then, the torque of the transmission chain 4 is determined in real time during a step 38 by torsional modeling as a function of the stiffness of the transmission chain 4, or more particularly of the stiffnesses of the various elements of the transmission chain 4 , the location of the transmission rings 12, the angles of rotation measured in step 36 and the length of the transmission chain, or more particularly the lengths of the elements making up the transmission chain 4 as described using previously stated equations. The different elements of a transmission chain 4 are for example several transmission shafts 10.
Dans un mode de mise en œuvre particulier où le terme associé au facteur d’ amortissement p n’ est pas négligeable, on effectue en amont une étape 40 de récupération du coefficient d’ amortissement de la chaîne de transmission qui est une donnée d’ entrée fournie par le constructeur de la chaîne de transmission 4 ou mesurée lors d’ essais de caractérisation, et utilisée pour l’ étape 34 de modélisation torsionnelle. L’ étape 40 permet par exemple de récupérer la valeur du coefficient d’ amortissement depuis ladite modélisation torsionnelle effectuée à l’ étape 34. On effectue en outre une étape 42 de mesure de la vitesse de rotation de chaque anneau de mesure 12 avec les capteurs 14 en temps réel. Les étapes 40 et 42 sont par exemple effectuées respectivement parallèlement aux étapes 34 et 36. L’ étape 38 est alors effectuée en prenant également en compte les paramètres des étapes 40 et 42. In a particular mode of implementation where the term associated with the damping factor p is not negligible, one carries out in upstream a step 40 of recovery of the damping coefficient of the transmission chain which is an input data provided by the manufacturer of the transmission chain 4 or measured during characterization tests, and used for step 34 of torsional modeling. Step 40 makes it possible, for example, to recover the value of the damping coefficient from said torsional modeling carried out in step 34. A step 42 of measuring the speed of rotation of each measurement ring 12 is also carried out with the sensors 14 in real time. Steps 40 and 42 are for example carried out respectively parallel to steps 34 and 36. Step 38 is then carried out by also taking into account the parameters of steps 40 and 42.
Optionnellement, après l’ étape 42 de mesure de la vitesse de rotation, on effectue une étape 44 de filtrage de la vitesse angulaire avec un filtre passe-bas afin de réduire le bruit de mesure introduit par exemple par une méthode d’interpolation ou par le capteur. Optionnellement, une étape de filtrage de la valeur de couple déterminée à l’ étape 38 est également effectuée. Optionally, after step 42 of measuring the speed of rotation, a step 44 of filtering the angular speed is carried out with a low-pass filter in order to reduce the measurement noise introduced for example by an interpolation method or by the sensor. Optionally, a step of filtering the torque value determined in step 38 is also carried out.
En outre, on peut effectuer une étape 46 de détection de la mise en résonnance par flexion de l’ arbre de transmission 10 par étude du contraste ou de la modulation d’ amplitude de la mesure de l’ angle de rotation. Cette étape 46 permet ainsi d’ avoir une mise en évidence et un suivi des modes de flexion en plus des modes torsionnels. In addition, it is possible to carry out a step 46 of detecting the setting in resonance by bending of the transmission shaft 10 by studying the contrast or the amplitude modulation of the measurement of the angle of rotation. This step 46 thus makes it possible to have a highlighting and a follow-up of the bending modes in addition to the torsional modes.
Cette étape 46 est réalisé par l’ analyse du signal perçu par les capteurs 14. Le signal réel et/ou idéal des anneaux de mesure est un signal créneau dû au rayures 18. Le signal perçu est en revanche un signal proche d’une sinusoïde et dont le contraste diminue lorsque le capteur 14 s’ éloigne de l’ arbre de transmission 10. Ainsi, en étudiant, le contraste du signal perçu, on remonte à la distance entre le capteur 14 et l’ arbre de transmission 10, et ainsi à sa flexion. This step 46 is carried out by analyzing the signal perceived by the sensors 14. The real and/or ideal signal of the measurement rings is a crenellated signal due to the scratches 18. The perceived signal is on the other hand a signal close to a sinusoid and whose contrast decreases when the sensor 14 moves away from the transmission shaft 10. Thus, by studying the contrast of the perceived signal, we go back to the distance between the sensor 14 and the transmission shaft 10, and so to its flexion.
Les étapes précédentes du procédé de mesure du couple d’une chaîne de transmission peuvent être mises en œuvre par un programme d’ ordinateur. Le programme d’ ordinateur peut être un programme implémenté dans un microcontrôleur embarqué permettant un calcul quasi en temps réel. The preceding steps of the process for measuring the torque of a transmission chain can be implemented by a computer program. The computer program may be a program implemented in an on-board microcontroller allowing near real-time computation.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1. Dispositif de mesure du couple d’une chaîne de transmission (4) de couple, caractérisé en ce qu’ il comprend deux anneaux de mesure ( 12) disposés sur un arbre de transmission ( 10) de la chaîne de transmission (4) et à distance l’un de l’ autre, deux capteurs ( 14) de mesure d’ angle de rotation des anneaux de mesure chacun positionné en regard d’un anneau de mesure ( 12), et un moyen ( 16) de calcul de couple à partir des mesures des capteurs ( 14), les anneaux de mesure ( 12) étant parcourus chacun d’une alternance de rayures ( 18) à fort contraste, les rayures ( 18) étant régulièrement espacées et tracées parallèles à l’ axe longitudinal (A) de l’ arbre de transmission ( 10), les anneaux de mesure ( 12) comprenant chacun une raie de référence (20) plus large que les autres rayures ( 18) . 1. Device for measuring the torque of a torque transmission chain (4), characterized in that it comprises two measurement rings (12) arranged on a transmission shaft (10) of the transmission chain (4) and at a distance from each other, two sensors (14) for measuring the angle of rotation of the measuring rings each positioned opposite a measuring ring (12), and a means (16) for calculating torque from the measurements of the sensors (14), the measurement rings (12) each being traversed by an alternation of stripes (18) with high contrast, the stripes (18) being regularly spaced and drawn parallel to the longitudinal axis (A) of the transmission shaft (10), the measuring rings (12) each comprising a reference stripe (20) wider than the other stripes (18).
2. Dispositif selon la revendication 1 , dans lequel les anneaux de mesures ( 12) comprennent des rubans adhésifs à appliquer sur l’ arbre de transmission ( 10) . 2. Device according to claim 1, wherein the measuring rings (12) comprise adhesive tapes to be applied to the transmission shaft (10).
3. Dispositif selon l’une des revendications 1 et 2, comprenant en outre une bande (22) de mesure de sens de rotation de l’ arbre de transmission ( 10), placé à proximité directe de l’un quelconque des anneaux de mesure ( 12) et comprenant des rayures ( 18) en quadrature avec les rayures ( 18) de l’ anneau de mesure ( 12) à proximité. 3. Device according to one of claims 1 and 2, further comprising a strip (22) for measuring the direction of rotation of the transmission shaft (10), placed in direct proximity to any one of the measuring rings (12) and comprising stripes (18) in quadrature with the stripes (18) of the measuring ring (12) in proximity.
4. Dispositif selon l’une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3 , comprenant un ou plusieurs anneaux de mesure ( 12) associés à un ou plusieurs capteurs ( 14) supplémentaires. 4. Device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, comprising one or more measuring rings (12) associated with one or more additional sensors (14).
5. Procédé de mesure du couple d’une chaîne de transmission de couple caractérisé en ce qu’ il comprend les étapes suivantes : 5. Method for measuring the torque of a torque transmission chain characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
Modélisation (étape 34) torsionnelle de la chaîne de transmission (4) par éléments finis entre deux anneaux de mesure ( 12) du dispositif (2) selon l’une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, et récupération de la raideur de la chaîne de transmission ; Torsional modeling (step 34) of the transmission chain (4) by finite elements between two measuring rings (12) of the device (2) according to any one of Claims 1 to 4, and recovery of the stiffness of the transmission;
Mesure (étape 36) de l’ angle de rotation de chaque anneau de mesure ( 12) avec les capteurs ( 14) ; et Détermination (étape 38) du couple de la chaîne de transmission (4) par modélisation torsionnelle en fonction de la raideur, de l’ emplacement des anneaux de mesure ( 12), des angles de rotation mesurés et de la longueur de l’ arbre de transmission ( 10) . Measurement (step 36) of the angle of rotation of each measuring ring (12) with the sensors (14); And Determination (step 38) of the torque of the transmission chain (4) by torsional modeling as a function of the stiffness, the location of the measuring rings (12), the measured angles of rotation and the length of the transmission ( 10) .
6. Procédé selon la revendication 5, comprenant en outre une étape (40) de récupération du coefficient d’ amortissement de la chaîne de transmission (4), et une étape (42) de mesure de la vitesse de rotation de chaque anneau de mesure 12) avec les capteurs ( 14) . 6. Method according to claim 5, further comprising a step (40) of recovering the damping coefficient of the transmission chain (4), and a step (42) of measuring the speed of rotation of each measuring ring 12) with the sensors ( 14) .
7. Procédé selon l’une des revendications 5 et 6, comprenant une étape (32) de calibration préliminaire de manière à étalonner l’ origine angulaire des anneaux de mesure ( 12) et à supprimer les non linéarités angulaires des anneaux de mesures ( 12) . 7. Method according to one of claims 5 and 6, comprising a step (32) of preliminary calibration so as to calibrate the angular origin of the measuring rings (12) and to remove the angular non-linearities of the measuring rings (12 ) .
8. Procédé selon l’une quelconque des revendications 5 à 7, comprenant une étape (46) de détection de la mise en résonnance par flexion de l’ arbre de transmission ( 10) par étude de la modulation de l’ amplitude de la mesure de l’ angle de rotation. 8. Method according to any one of claims 5 to 7, comprising a step (46) of detecting the setting in resonance by bending of the transmission shaft (10) by studying the modulation of the amplitude of the measurement of the angle of rotation.
PCT/FR2022/052230 2021-12-07 2022-12-02 Device and method for measuring the torque of a transmission drivetrain WO2023105142A1 (en)

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FR2113095A FR3130027B1 (en) 2021-12-07 2021-12-07 Device and method for measuring the torque of a transmission chain
FRFR2113095 2021-12-07

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DE102017003100A1 (en) * 2017-03-31 2017-10-19 Daimler Ag Sensor device, shaft measuring arrangement with a central axis having a twistable shaft and a sensor device. Electric motor with a sensor device and a central axis having twistable shaft, and method for determining a torque acting on a twistable shaft by means of a sensor device
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