WO2023151355A1

WO2023151355A1 - System and method for continuously capturing carbon dioxide by means of direct air capture

Info

Publication number: WO2023151355A1
Application number: PCT/CN2022/136017
Authority: WO
Inventors: 王志超; 曾卫东; 姚伟; 晋中华; 梁法光; 张波; 向小凤; 张向宇; 刘茜; 敬小磊; 李宇航; 赵晨
Original assignee: 西安热工研究院有限公司
Priority date: 2022-02-09
Filing date: 2022-12-01
Publication date: 2023-08-17
Also published as: CN114307535A

Abstract

A system and method for continuously capturing carbon dioxide by means of direct air capture. The system comprises an adsorbent bin (1), an adsorption device, a desorption device, an adsorbent regeneration device and an adsorbent return device. An outlet of the adsorbent bin (1) is connected to an inlet of the adsorption device, an outlet of the adsorption device is connected to an inlet of the desorption device, an outlet of the desorption device is connected to an inlet of the adsorbent regeneration device, an outlet of the adsorbent regeneration device is connected to an inlet of the adsorbent return device, and an outlet of the adsorbent return device is connected to an inlet of the adsorbent bin (1). The method comprises a carbon dioxide adsorption process by direct air capture, a carbon dioxide desorption process by direct air capture, a carbon dioxide regeneration process by direct air capture, and a carbon dioxide return process by direct air capture. In the present invention, the processes of adsorption, desorption, regeneration and the like are carried out step by step, so that continuous operation of a whole process of capturing carbon dioxide by means of direct air capture can be achieved.

Description

A continuous air direct capture carbon dioxide system and method

Cross References to Related Applications

This application is based on a Chinese patent application with application number 202210122916.9 and a filing date of February 9, 2022, and claims the priority of this Chinese patent application. The entire content of this Chinese patent application is hereby incorporated by reference into this application.

technical field

The disclosure belongs to the technical field of direct air capture of carbon dioxide, and in particular relates to a continuous air direct capture of carbon dioxide system and method.

Background technique

In 1999, Lackner of Los Alamos National Laboratory (Los Alamos National Laboratory) proposed the concept of direct air carbon capture technology (direct air capture, DAC) to mitigate climate change. After years of research, researchers have proposed many DAC methods and materials. Currently, DAC technology has been considered as one of the feasible _CO2 emission reduction technologies. The _CO2 in the air is captured by the adsorbent, and the adsorbent after capture is regenerated by changing the pressure or temperature, and the regenerated adsorbent is recycled for _CO2 capture, while the pure _CO2 is stored .

Over the past half century, human activities have led to an increase in global _CO2 emissions year by year. The concentration of CO ₂ in the atmosphere has increased sharply from around 310ppm in 1960 to 410ppm in 2019, and global CO ₂ emissions are currently exceeding 35 billion tons per year. As a research hotspot in negative carbon emission technology, direct air carbon capture technology was selected as one of the world's top ten breakthrough technologies by MIT Technology Review in 2019. With the proposal of the goal of carbon neutrality, it has become a consensus to reduce carbon across the entire industry chain, and direct air carbon capture technology needs to be further developed.

The difference between DAC technology and CCS (carbon capture and storage) technology is shown in Table 1.

Table 1 The difference between DAC and CCS technology

Different from CCS technology, the technical characteristics of DAC are:

(1) It can be used to capture CO ₂ from dispersed emission sources;

(2) The selection of the installation site is relatively flexible, and it can be selected in a place that is rich in renewable energy and close to the location of carbon storage and utilization, so as to reduce capture energy consumption and transportation costs;

(3) It is not necessary to consider the influence of gas impurities such as NOx and SO2. The main difficulties of direct air carbon capture technology lie in the low partial pressure (40Pa) and low concentration (400ppm) of _CO2 in the air, low _CO2 adsorption/regeneration efficiency, high regeneration energy consumption and cost.

At present, in the DAC technology using physical adsorption method, the contactor is usually a rectangular tower device, and the amine adsorbent embedded in the contactor is attached to the porous and honeycomb ceramic block to adsorb CO ₂ . After the adsorption is completed, use low-temperature steam (85-100°C) to desorb and collect _CO2 . Global Thermostat claims that the amino polymer adsorbent it uses shortens the cycle time of the entire system to less than 30 minutes, which basically represents the industry's leading level. A major problem in this type of DAC technology is the discontinuity of the adsorption/regeneration process, which affects the improvement of the overall efficiency.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present disclosure is to provide a continuous air direct capture carbon dioxide system and method.

In the first aspect, a continuous air direct capture carbon dioxide system is provided, including an adsorbent silo, an adsorption device, a desorption device, an adsorbent regeneration device and an adsorbent return device;

The outlet of the adsorbent silo is connected to the inlet of the adsorption device, the outlet of the adsorption device is connected to the inlet of the desorption device, the outlet of the desorption device is connected to the inlet of the adsorbent regeneration device, and the outlet of the adsorbent regeneration device is connected to the adsorbent return The inlet of the feeding device, and the outlet of the adsorbent returning device is connected to the inlet of the adsorbent bin.

In some embodiments, a sorbent silo is used to store granular carbon dioxide sorbent material.

In some embodiments, a sorbent silo is used to store bulk carbon dioxide sorbent material.

In some embodiments, the bulk carbon dioxide sorbent material or bulk carbon dioxide sorbent material includes at least one of a solid amine-based sorbent or a physisorbent.

In some embodiments, the adsorption device includes an adsorber for full contact between air and the adsorbent material, an air inlet is provided at the bottom of the adsorber, an air outlet is provided at the top, and an induced draft fan is arranged at the air outlet, and the bottom of the adsorber is provided with an air inlet. A first discharge valve and a first adsorbent conveyor device are arranged at the discharge port.

In some embodiments, there are two sets of adsorption devices.

In some embodiments, the desorption device includes a desorber that releases carbon dioxide from the adsorbent material by heating, a heater is arranged on the circumference of the desorber, a feed inlet and _a CO outlet are arranged on the top of the desorber, and the inlet The feed port is connected to the outlet of the first adsorbent conveyor equipment, and the bottom discharge port of the desorber is provided with a second discharge valve and a second adsorbent conveyor equipment.

In some embodiments, the adsorbent regeneration device includes a regenerator for reducing the temperature of the adsorbent after desorption, and the feed port of the regenerator is connected with the outlet of the second adsorbent conveyor device.

In some embodiments, the adsorbent return device includes a third adsorbent conveyor device connected to the outlet of the regenerator, the outlet of the third adsorbent conveyor device is connected to the inlet of the feeder, and the feeder's The outlet is connected to the inlet of the adsorbent silo.

In a second aspect, there is provided a continuous air direct carbon dioxide capture method comprising:

Air direct capture carbon dioxide adsorption process;

Air direct capture carbon dioxide desorption process;

Air direct capture carbon dioxide regeneration process;

Air direct capture CO2 refeeding process.

In some embodiments, the induced draft fan is activated, the air is sucked into the adsorption device through the pipeline, and the air is in reverse direct contact with the top-down granular or block carbon dioxide adsorbent material in the adsorption device, and the carbon dioxide in the air is absorbed by the adsorbent. The material is captured and adsorbed, the air after being adsorbed flows out of the adsorption device, and the adsorbent material that is gradually adsorbed and saturated falls into the first adsorbent conveyor equipment through the first discharge valve.

In some embodiments, the saturated adsorbent material falls into the desorption device, and in the desorber, it is in indirect contact with the steam heater. After the steam releases heat, it becomes condensed water and is discharged from the system, and the temperature of the adsorbent material rises to 50~ At 85°C, the temperature of the adsorbent material rises with the desorption and release of carbon dioxide, and the released carbon dioxide is captured, and the desorbed and heated adsorbent material falls into the second adsorbent conveyor device through the second discharge valve.

In some embodiments, the adsorbent material heated up after desorption falls into the regeneration device, and in the regenerator directly contacts the adsorbed air discharged from the adsorption device in reverse direction, and the adsorbent material is cooled by air to complete the cooling regeneration process.

In some embodiments, the cooled sorbent material is re-fed into the sorbent silo through a third sorbent conveyor apparatus and a feeder.

Description of drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a continuous air direct capture carbon dioxide system proposed in the present disclosure.

Explanation of reference signs:

1-adsorbent silo, 2-induced fan, 3-adsorber, 4-first discharge valve, 5-first adsorbent conveyor equipment, 6-desorber, 7-second discharge valve, 8 - the second sorbent conveyor equipment, 9 - the regenerator, 10 - the third sorbent conveyor equipment, 11 - the feeder.

Detailed ways

Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Although exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present disclosure may be embodied in various forms and should not be limited by the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided for more thorough understanding of the present disclosure and to fully convey the scope of the present disclosure to those skilled in the art. It should be noted that, in the case of no conflict, the embodiments in the present disclosure and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other. The present disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

The continuous air direct capture carbon dioxide system proposed in this disclosure includes an adsorbent bin 1, an adsorption device, a desorption device, an adsorbent regeneration device, and an adsorbent return device; the outlet of the adsorbent bin 1 is connected to the inlet of the adsorption device , the outlet of the adsorption device is connected to the inlet of the desorption device, the outlet of the desorption device is connected to the inlet of the adsorbent regeneration device, the outlet of the adsorbent regeneration device is connected to the inlet of the adsorbent return device, and the outlet of the adsorbent return device Connect to the inlet of sorbent bin 1.

The adsorbent bin 1 is used to store granular or massive carbon dioxide adsorbent materials, such as solid amine adsorbents, physical adsorbents, and the like.

In some embodiments, the adsorption device includes an adsorber 3 for fully contacting the air with the adsorbent material. The bottom of the adsorber 3 is provided with an air inlet, the top is provided with an air outlet, and an induced draft fan 2 is arranged at the air outlet. A first unloading valve 4 and a first adsorbent conveyor device 5 are provided at the bottom outlet of the vessel 3 . And there are two sets of adsorption devices.

The desorption device comprises a desorber 6 that makes the adsorbent material release carbon dioxide by heating, a heater is arranged on the circumference of the desorber 6, and a feed inlet and _a CO outlet are arranged on the top of the desorber 6, and the feed inlet is connected to the CO outlet. The outlet of the first adsorbent conveyor device 5 is connected, and the bottom outlet of the desorber 6 is provided with a second discharge valve 7 and a second adsorbent conveyor device 8 .

The adsorbent regeneration device includes a regenerator 9 for reducing the temperature of the adsorbent after desorption, and the feed port of the regenerator 9 is connected with the outlet of the second adsorbent conveyor device 8 .

The adsorbent return device includes the third adsorbent conveyor equipment connected to the discharge port of the regenerator 9, the outlet of the third adsorbent conveyor equipment 10 is connected with the inlet of the feeder 11, and the outlet of the feeder 11 is connected with the Inlet connection for sorbent bin 1.

The continuous air direct capture carbon dioxide method provided by the present disclosure includes the direct air capture carbon dioxide adsorption process, the air direct capture carbon dioxide desorption process, the air direct capture carbon dioxide regeneration process and the air direct capture carbon dioxide return process.

In the process of direct air capture carbon dioxide adsorption, the induced draft fan 2 is started, and the air is sucked into the adsorption device through the pipeline. Captured and adsorbed by the adsorbent material, the adsorbed air flows out of the adsorption device, and the adsorbent material gradually adsorbed and saturated falls into the first adsorbent conveyor device 5 through the first discharge valve 4, and is sent into the desorption process;

In the desorption process of air directly capturing carbon dioxide, the saturated adsorbent material falls into the desorption device, and indirectly contacts with the steam heater in the desorber 6. After the steam releases heat, it becomes condensed water and is discharged from the system, and the temperature of the adsorbent material rises. As high as 50-85°C, the temperature of the adsorbent material rises with the desorption and release of carbon dioxide, and the released carbon dioxide is captured, and the desorbed and heated adsorbent material falls into the second adsorbent conveyor through the second discharge valve 7 Equipment 8, sent to the regeneration process;

The air directly captures the carbon dioxide regeneration process. The desorbed and heated adsorbent material falls into the regeneration device, and in the regenerator 9, it directly contacts the adsorbed air discharged from the adsorption device in reverse direction, and the adsorbent material is cooled by air to complete the cooling regeneration process. The heated air is directly evacuated, while the cooled adsorbent material enters the refill process;

The air directly captures the carbon dioxide return process, and the cooled adsorbent material is re-sent into the adsorbent bin 1 through the third adsorbent conveyor equipment 10 and the return device 11 to complete the whole process.

The present invention proposes a continuous air capture carbon dioxide system and method for granular or massive adsorbent materials. The adsorbent is sent from the silo to the adsorption device and flows from top to bottom in the adsorption device In full contact with the air, absorb and capture carbon dioxide in the air, gradually adsorb to saturation at the end of the adsorption device, and then send it to the desorption device through the discharge valve and conveyor, and the adsorbent is heated by steam in the desorption device , release the adsorbed carbon dioxide, the adsorbent gradually completes the desorption process at the end of the desorption device, and then is sent to the regeneration device through the unloading valve and conveyor, and the adsorbent is directly cooled by air in the regeneration device to gradually complete the regeneration process , and then sent back to the adsorbent silo through the conveyor and the return device to complete the cycle process. The system can operate continuously, fully realizing the continuity of the whole process of direct air capture of carbon dioxide, greatly improving the efficiency of the capture process, thereby reducing the capture Energy consumption and cost.

In describing the present disclosure, it is to be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "transverse", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", " Back", "Left", "Right", "Vertical", "Horizontal", "Top", "Bottom", "Inner", "Outer", "Clockwise", "Counterclockwise", "Axial", The orientations or positional relationships indicated by "radial", "circumferential", etc. are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present disclosure and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying the referred devices or elements Must be in a particular orientation, constructed, and operate in a particular orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting on the present disclosure.

It should be noted that, in the description of the present disclosure, terms such as "first" and "second" are used for description purposes only, and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance. In addition, in the description of the present disclosure, unless otherwise specified, "plurality" means two or more.

Any process or method descriptions in flowcharts or otherwise described herein may be understood to represent modules, segments or portions of code comprising one or more executable instructions for implementing specific logical functions or steps of the process , and the scope of preferred embodiments of the present disclosure includes additional implementations in which functions may be performed out of the order shown or discussed, including substantially concurrently or in reverse order depending on the functions involved, which shall It is understood by those skilled in the art to which the embodiments of the present disclosure pertain.

In the description of this specification, descriptions referring to the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "example", "specific examples", or "some examples" mean that specific features described in connection with the embodiment or example , structures, materials or features are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present disclosure. In this specification, schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.

Although the present disclosure has been described in detail with general descriptions and specific embodiments above, it is obvious to those skilled in the art that some modifications or improvements can be made on the basis of the present disclosure. Therefore, the modifications or improvements made on the basis of not departing from the spirit of the present disclosure all belong to the protection scope of the present disclosure.

Claims

A continuous air direct capture carbon dioxide system, comprising an adsorbent silo, an adsorption device, a desorption device, an adsorbent regeneration device and an adsorbent return device;

The outlet of the adsorbent silo is connected to the inlet of the adsorption device, the outlet of the adsorption device is connected to the inlet of the desorption device, the outlet of the desorption device is connected to the inlet of the adsorbent regeneration device, and the outlet of the adsorbent regeneration device is connected to the adsorbent return The inlet of the feeding device, and the outlet of the adsorbent returning device is connected to the inlet of the adsorbent bin.
2. The continuous direct air capture carbon dioxide system of claim 1, wherein the sorbent silo is used to store granular carbon dioxide sorbent material.
2. The continuous direct air capture carbon dioxide system of claim 1, wherein the sorbent silo is configured to store bulk carbon dioxide sorbent material.
The continuous air direct capture carbon dioxide system according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the block carbon dioxide adsorbent material or block carbon dioxide adsorbent material comprises at least one of solid amine adsorbent or physical adsorbent.
The continuous air direct capture carbon dioxide system according to claim 1, wherein the adsorption device comprises an adsorber for fully contacting the air with the adsorbent material, an air inlet is provided at the bottom of the adsorber, an air outlet is provided at the top, and the air An induced draft fan is arranged at the outlet, and a first unloading valve and a first adsorbent conveyor device are arranged at the bottom outlet of the adsorber.
The continuous air direct capture carbon dioxide system according to claim 5, wherein there are two sets of adsorption devices.
The continuous air direct capture carbon dioxide system according to claim 5, wherein the desorption device comprises a desorber that releases carbon dioxide from the adsorbent material by heating, a heater is arranged on the circumference of the desorber, and the top of the desorber A feed inlet and a CO2 outlet are provided, the feed inlet is connected to the outlet of the first adsorbent conveyor equipment, and the bottom outlet of the desorber is provided with a second discharge valve and a second adsorbent conveyor equipment.
The continuous air direct capture carbon dioxide system according to claim 7, wherein the adsorbent regeneration device comprises a regenerator for reducing the temperature of the adsorbent after desorption, and the feed port of the regenerator is connected to the outlet of the second adsorbent conveyor device.
The continuous air direct capture carbon dioxide system according to claim 8, wherein the adsorbent return device comprises a third adsorbent conveyor device connected to the outlet of the regenerator, and the outlet of the third adsorbent conveyor device is connected to the The inlet of the feeder is connected, and the outlet of the feeder is connected with the inlet of the adsorbent bin.
A method for directly capturing carbon dioxide from air based on any one of claims 1 to 9, comprising:

Air direct capture carbon dioxide adsorption process;

Air direct capture carbon dioxide desorption process;

Air direct capture carbon dioxide regeneration process;

Air direct capture CO2 refeeding process.
The continuous air direct capture carbon dioxide method according to claim 10, wherein the air direct capture carbon dioxide adsorption process comprises:

The induced draft fan is started, and the air is sucked into the adsorption device through the pipeline. In the adsorption device, the air is in reverse direct contact with the granular or massive carbon dioxide adsorbent material from top to bottom. The carbon dioxide in the air is captured and adsorbed by the adsorbent material, and is The adsorbed air flows out of the adsorption device, and the adsorbent material gradually adsorbed and saturated falls into the first adsorbent conveyor equipment through the first discharge valve.
The continuous air direct capture carbon dioxide method according to claim 11, wherein the air direct capture carbon dioxide desorption process comprises:

The saturated adsorbent material falls into the desorption device, and indirect contact with the steam heater in the desorption device. After the steam releases heat, it becomes condensed water and is discharged from the system. The temperature of the adsorbent material rises to 50-85°C, and the adsorbent material The temperature increase is accompanied by desorption of carbon dioxide released, the released carbon dioxide is captured, and the desorbed and heated adsorbent material falls through the second discharge valve into the second adsorbent conveyor device.
The continuous air direct capture carbon dioxide method according to claim 12, wherein said air direct capture carbon dioxide regeneration process comprises:

The heated adsorbent material after desorption falls into the regeneration device, and in the regenerator directly contacts with the adsorbed air discharged from the adsorption device in reverse direction, and the adsorbent material is cooled by air to complete the cooling regeneration process.
The continuous air direct capture carbon dioxide method according to claim 13, wherein the direct air capture carbon dioxide return process comprises:

The cooled adsorbent material is re-sent into the adsorbent silo through the third adsorbent conveyor equipment and the feeder.