WO2023027171A1 - 耐水害浮上式の総合防災節水建築構造物 - Google Patents
耐水害浮上式の総合防災節水建築構造物 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023027171A1 WO2023027171A1 PCT/JP2022/032197 JP2022032197W WO2023027171A1 WO 2023027171 A1 WO2023027171 A1 WO 2023027171A1 JP 2022032197 W JP2022032197 W JP 2022032197W WO 2023027171 A1 WO2023027171 A1 WO 2023027171A1
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 214
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
- E04H9/00—Buildings, groups of buildings or shelters adapted to withstand or provide protection against abnormal external influences, e.g. war-like action, earthquake or extreme climate
- E04H9/02—Buildings, groups of buildings or shelters adapted to withstand or provide protection against abnormal external influences, e.g. war-like action, earthquake or extreme climate withstanding earthquake or sinking of ground
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
- E04H9/00—Buildings, groups of buildings or shelters adapted to withstand or provide protection against abnormal external influences, e.g. war-like action, earthquake or extreme climate
- E04H9/14—Buildings, groups of buildings or shelters adapted to withstand or provide protection against abnormal external influences, e.g. war-like action, earthquake or extreme climate against other dangerous influences, e.g. tornadoes, floods
- E04H9/145—Floods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C35/00—Permanently-installed equipment
- A62C35/58—Pipe-line systems
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
- E04H9/00—Buildings, groups of buildings or shelters adapted to withstand or provide protection against abnormal external influences, e.g. war-like action, earthquake or extreme climate
- E04H9/14—Buildings, groups of buildings or shelters adapted to withstand or provide protection against abnormal external influences, e.g. war-like action, earthquake or extreme climate against other dangerous influences, e.g. tornadoes, floods
Definitions
- the present invention provides a building structure with flood resistance performance by floating the building structure using a water storage tank provided in the lower part of the building structure as a drainage buoyancy tank when the occurrence of significant heavy rain and flood damage is expected.
- a water storage tank provided in the lower part of the building structure as a drainage buoyancy tank when the occurrence of significant heavy rain and flood damage is expected.
- the present invention is also installed as a fire prevention water storage tank that makes it possible to extinguish earthquake fires when fire hydrants cannot be used by utilizing the water stored in a water tank provided in the lower part of the building structure as fire prevention water.
- the present invention is a structure that realizes sustainable water saving of water supply by utilizing rainwater storage tanks for domestic use, etc., and secures domestic water in emergencies. Furthermore, the present invention prevents the temperature rise of the outer wall of the building structure by sprinkling rainwater for cooling vaporization heat from the fire sprinkler, and generates electricity caused by the rise in the module temperature due to the solar radiation heat of the photovoltaic power generation panel. Resolving the scientific weakness of reduced efficiency.
- the building structure according to the present invention also has a function of preventing snow damage to the building structure by spraying heated water from a fire sprinkler during a snowfall season.
- the present invention is an individual comprehensive disaster prevention and water saving building structure that is also equipped with a flood evacuation lifeboat that is a water tank and lifeboat, contributes to regional comprehensive disaster prevention by sharing information with the government, and also supports evacuation actions. It is about.
- Patent Document 1 proposes a system equipped with an underfloor water storage tank and an underground water storage tank. Since it is the facility that is the main purpose, its contribution to preventing flood damage is limited.
- Patent Document 2 proposes a flood-resistant structure that prevents water from entering a living space from between the foundation of a house and the foundation during a flood or tsunami. It is a technology to prevent flooding, and it cannot prevent collapse and drifting of structures, which are the biggest problems in preventing damage to building structures with flood resistance performance.
- Patent Document 3 proposes a building with flood-resistant performance and a renovation construction method, but a flood-resistant wall with watertightness that enables long-term evacuation from damage such as floods and storm surges is proposed.
- Patent Document 4 a device is presented in which a barge-type building is housed in a pool-type foundation that forms a container structure, and a floating body is floated vertically upward when flooded. It is a structure that is drifted and tossed by tidal currents and floodwaters when it floats over the foundation, secondary damage such as collision with other structures during drifting, compression damage at the landing place of the drifting destination, dismantling and removal costs, etc. occurrence is not considered at all.
- Non-Patent Document 1 as a house with the world's first flood resistance performance, before the building rises due to a rise in water level, an underfloor water injection duct system that draws water under the floor and counteracts buoyancy.
- Non-Patent Document 2 the housing and urban research group of the National Research and Development Agency Building Research Institute (Japan) proposes a water resistance plan including a trial calculation of cost effectiveness due to the need for flood damage countermeasures in buildings. , It is said that it will be limited to water resistance to minimize the damage of flooding, and it is planned to consider developing measures against flooding at the city level.
- Non-Patent Document 3 trends in multi-purpose seismic isolation, seismic control, and seismic isolation systems are described in the 2009 patent application technology trend survey report in Japan announced in April 2010, but flood damage has no relationship with There are many applications in technical fields such as layered rubber and springs for seismic isolation/isolation technology, and plasticity, fluid, viscoelasticity, and springs for seismic control technology, but they are not proposals for water damage resistance to building damage.
- Patent Documents 1 to 4 and Non-Patent Documents 1 to 3 high flood resistance performance in building structures, earthquake resistance performance, and fire prevention of stored water in the water tank. It is the realization of a sustainable rainwater utilization structure with the aim of contributing to regional disaster prevention in cooperation with the government, by combining it with a structure for emergency evacuation in the event of flooding while using it as firefighting water. Contribution to regional disaster prevention to ensure emergency safety in response to rainfall predictions by AI technology and supercomputers by using a floating general disaster prevention and water saving building structure equipped with functions to store and drain rainwater. do.
- the present invention uses a water storage tank provided in the lower part of a building structure as a drainage type buoyancy tank, and according to Archimedes' principle, an object in a liquid is removed from the liquid by the object. Utilizing the phenomenon of buoyancy that can be lifted by a force equal to the weight, the range of the building structure to avoid flood damage is calculated, and by installing a drainage buoyancy tank to float it, it floats as a flood resistant building structure.
- the stretchable movable struts used when floating are equipped with a seismic isolation function, and when there is no concern about flood damage, the building structure has a low center of gravity by storing rainwater in a drainage buoyancy tank. By improving the seismic resistance performance, the stored water will be used as fire prevention and extinguishing water. Furthermore, it features the basic structure of a comprehensive disaster-prevention and water-saving building structure that realizes sustainable water saving by utilizing stored water as gray water for domestic use.
- a water tank and lifeboat that can store water on the roof, attic, wall, etc. of the upper part of the building structure can be used as an escape lifeboat. It is equipped as a comprehensive disaster prevention and water saving building structure that protects lives, and has a function to utilize stored rainwater in normal times, and a lifesaving function that can support vertical evacuees to leave the building structure in an emergency. can be added.
- a sustainable comprehensive disaster-prevention and water-saving building structure having a flood-resistant building structure, an anti-earthquake seismic isolation function structure, a fire prevention water securing structure, and a water-saving structure for water supply by using rainwater,
- a building structure equipped with a seismic base isolation function in the movable part when it floats A building structure that stores rainwater within the scale of rainfall flooding, and realizes an earthquake-resistant building structure with a low center of gravity, securing water for firefighting and fire prevention, and saving water from water supply through sustainable use of rainwater;
- a sustainable comprehensive disaster-prevention and water-saving building structure that can be constructed by arbitrarily selecting each of the above building structures.
- Item 2 It is an individual building structure that contributes to regional comprehensive disaster prevention, and has a regional comprehensive disaster prevention facility building structure that can implement individual storage or regionally planned drainage discharge in conjunction with quantitative flood control management with the government's heavy rain countermeasure plan.
- Item 1 Comprehensive disaster-prevention and water-saving building structure.
- the present invention prevents flood damage by draining rainwater in advance from a water tank installed in the lower part of a building structure according to the expected amount of rainfall, and securing buoyancy as a buoyancy tank to float the building structure. can do.
- a seismic isolation function to the extension struts that serve as supports that raise the levitation at a fixed position, it is possible to provide a flood-resistant building structure and a seismic isolation function against earthquakes that are difficult to predict, even when heavy rain is not expected.
- the seismic performance can be improved by lowering the center of gravity of the water storage in the lower layer of the structure.
- the basic structure of a comprehensive disaster prevention and water saving building structure is realized, and the fire prevention and extinguishing water is used as the cooling water for the photovoltaic panels to improve power generation efficiency.
- water storage and drainage functions such as water storage tanks in the lower layers of building structures, and water storage tanks and lifeboats installed on the roof, attic, walls, etc., are used as rainwater on a daily basis to save clean water and prevent heavy rains.
- the floating structure of a building structure with water damage resistance not only prevents water from entering the building structure and realizes water damage resistance, but also can be used as a sustainable rainwater utilization facility.
- the water storage tanks in the lower floors and the water tanks on the wall will store rainwater or drain it in advance in cooperation with the government to realize the float function as a lifting power for the building structure. It is about structure.
- Fig. 1 shows the floating structure of the comprehensive disaster prevention and water saving building structure according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- the drainable water storage buoyancy tank 1 is installed as a water storage tank in the lower part of the building structure, and rainwater is collected in response to heavy rain forecasts and tsunami warnings.
- the float function as a lifting force for the building structure is ensured. That is, in the flood-resistant floating-type comprehensive disaster prevention and water-saving building structure according to the present embodiment, the water storage tank (drainable water storage buoyancy tank 1) in the lower layer is used as a drainage-type buoyancy tank, and the building structure is raised to prevent flooding. Avoid flood damage.
- the flood-resistant levitation-type integrated disaster prevention and water-saving building structure also has a low center of gravity structure that enhances earthquake resistance by storing rainwater in the water tank (drainable water storage buoyancy tank 1) in the lower layer.
- the basic structure is equipped with an anti-earthquake seismic isolation function in the levitation movable part, and each water tank (drainable water storage buoyancy tank 1 and reference numerals 3, 5, 6 below) is filled with water for fire prevention and extinguishing, which is most lacking in the event of an earthquake fire. Realize a structure that secures with stored water.
- the rainwater collected from the roof or the roof by the rainwater collection and storage guide pipe 2 is stored in a water storage tank/lifeboat 3 on the wall surface, a rainwater life use storage tank 5 on the wall surface, and a rainwater storage volume increasing auxiliary tank 6 on the wall surface. It is explained with a schematic diagram showing an outline of the structure for storing in the drainable water storage buoyancy tank 1 through the water level flexible pipe 4 .
- the water tanks 3, 5, 6 on the walls may be installed on the outer surface of the outer wall of the building structure, the inside of the outer wall, or the inner surface of the outer wall. Corresponds to the design structure.
- the rainwater guided by the rainwater collection and storage guide pipe 2 is drained by omitting any or all of the wall surface storage tank and lifeboat 3, the wall surface rainwater life use storage tank 5, and the wall surface rainwater storage increase auxiliary tank 6. It may be stored in the possible water storage buoyancy tank 1, and the floating structure of the flood-resistant building structure functions without problems.
- the levitation power function of the building structure by the drainable water storage buoyancy tank 1 is the main function.
- the length (that is, the lengthwise dimension along the vertical direction) of the water tank water level adjustable pipe 4 can be arbitrarily set and changed as appropriate to secure the amount of water, and the water purifier and filtration device in front of the water intake terminal can be arbitrarily installed. The installation ensures the required water quality level.
- a water purifier and filtration in front of the water intake terminal for the rainwater in the wall tank and lifeboat 3, the wall rainwater life-use tank 5, and the wall rainwater storage volume auxiliary tank 6 By arbitrarily installing the device for water quality management, it can be used for toilet drainage, bathtub refilling water, cooking washing water, tool washing water for vehicles, and watering plants. It also contributes to reduction. That is, the water stored in the drainable water storage buoyancy tank 1 and the water storage tanks 3, 5, and 6 on the wall can be used as gray water, and not only can it be used as domestic water during droughts and disasters, but it can also save tap water during normal times. It is realized, the cost effectiveness of equipment investment is improved, and the introduction and construction of equipment is promoted.
- the pump 13 for pumping and draining water is operated, and the water storage tank and lifeboat on the wall from the drainable water storage buoyancy tank 1. Water is pumped up to 3, and water is supplied to a water tank and lifeboat 3 on the wall surface and a rainwater life-use water tank 5 on the wall surface to realize sustainable water saving of the water supply.
- a pump 13 for pumping and draining water is arbitrarily operated to pump water from the drainable water storage buoyancy tank 1 to a fire sprinkler 15 and an outer wall evaporative heat cooling conduit 16 to realize water sprinkling for evaporative heat cooling of the roof and outer walls.
- the scientific weakness of the decrease in power generation efficiency due to the module temperature rise due to the solar heat of the solar power generation panel is solved by cooling the vaporization heat by spraying the fire sprinkler 15 using rainwater, and the power generation efficiency is greatly improved. It also contributes to the temperature control inside the building structure, and prevents snow damage by spraying warm water.
- the fire sprinklers 15 and the outer wall evaporative heat cooling conduits 16 can be installed arbitrarily on the premise of arbitrary operation and arbitrary adjustment of the spraying pressure.
- the number of buoyancy tank bottom storage self-supporting legs 11 to be installed, the self-supporting height, the presence or absence of installation, etc. are arbitrary.
- a laminated seismic isolation material may be arbitrarily installed at the bottom of the drainable water storage buoyancy tank 1.
- the rainwater storage volume increasing auxiliary tank 6 on the wall surface can be appropriately changed to the rainwater water storage tank 5 for daily use on the wall surface.
- the frame support column and the extension column 8 are shown separately, but they may of course be the same.
- the material for forming the drainable water storage buoyancy tank 1 and the like may be a waterproof structure made of lightweight concrete.
- the drainable water storage buoyancy tank 1 supports the entire upper layer of the building structure as an integral structure.
- the extension struts 8 are configured in the required number unique to each building structure, and the required number is set at the necessary position to float the upper part of the building structure in a balanced manner. It is of course premised that it is formed and divided or connected at any point.
- the firefighting water supply port can naturally be directly injected into the drainable water storage buoyancy tank 1, and the pump 13 for pumping and draining water can be used. Installation of water supply equipment can be freely selected according to the output capacity of the
- the water tank/lifeboat 3 is illustrated on the 7th level of the water tanks 3, 5, and 6 on the wall, but it is naturally variable depending on the conditions of the individual building structure.
- it can be installed as a divided facility according to the transportation size, regardless of the image diagram (Fig. 2) when evacuating by leaving a structure that has floated due to buoyancy.
- Fig. 2 the image diagram
- it is also possible to change it appropriately to a group of lifeboats for single escape.
- the image diagram (Fig. 2) shows a case of escaping from a structure that has surfaced due to the buoyancy of the water tank/lifeboat 3 on the wall surface, and the stop that is filled after removing the water tank water level flexible pipe 4 and the rainwater domestic use water intake 7.
- a check valve is provided at the connecting pipe or the water intake.
- the drainable water storage buoyancy tank 1 is normally a storage tank for rainwater, and realizes a float function as a lifting power for the building structure by draining the rainwater.
- the rainwater collection and storage guide pipe 2 is a conduit for collecting rainwater on the rooftop of the building structure and guiding it to each of the water tanks 1, 3, 5, and 6.
- the water tank/lifeboat 3 on the wall is a breakaway lifeboat that has a lifeboat function and also functions as a rainwater life-use water tank.
- a life-saving lifesaving equipment structure is realized.
- the water tank water level variable connecting pipe 4 is a connecting pipe to the lower water tank, and the amount of water stored can be arbitrarily set by setting the length (that is, the lengthwise dimension along the vertical direction).
- the rainwater life-use water tank 5 on the wall has a function of storing rainwater and using it in life, and rainwater utilization is realized by the water pressure due to the water level (in other words, due to the potential energy of the water storage facility).
- the rainwater storage increasing auxiliary tank 6 on the wall is an auxiliary tank for maximizing the amount of stored water, and can be changed to the rainwater storage tank 5 for daily use on the wall.
- the rainwater domestic use faucet 7 is connected to at least one of the wall-mounted water tank and lifeboat 3, the wall-mounted rainwater tank 5 for storing rainwater, and the wall-mounted rainwater storage volume increasing auxiliary tank 6. , a water intake valve connected to an optionally installed water purifier or filtration device.
- the extension struts 8 function as supports/guides to raise the building structure in place when the building structure floats and prevent the building structure from drifting.
- the extension struts 8 that are used when ascending by buoyancy may have a structure that incorporates seismic isolation, damping, and seismic resistance materials such as viscoelastic balls to provide a seismic resistance function.
- the structure shown as the extended column seismic isolation material cross section 9 is an example of the case where the internal structure of the frame support column (extended column 8) of the building structure is equipped with seismic isolation, vibration damping, and earthquake resistant materials.
- the viscoelastic ball/laminated rubber 10 may be arranged as a seismic isolation, vibration damping, and earthquake-resistant material in the internal structure of the frame support column (stretching column 8) of the building structure.
- the viscoelastic ball/laminated rubber 10 may also be arranged above and below the buoyancy tank bottom storage self-supporting legs 11 provided at the bottom of the drainable water storage buoyancy tank 1 as a seismic isolation, vibration damping, and anti-seismic material. and may be arranged.
- the buoyancy tank bottom storage self-supporting leg 11 is stored in the bottom of the drainable water storage buoyancy tank 1, rotates and hangs down when the building structure floats due to buoyancy, the water damage subsides, the water level drops, and the building structure lands on the ground. It is a leg that supports the building structure so that it can stand on its own when it is installed.
- the buoyancy tank bottom storage self-supporting leg 11 secures a space for avoiding drifting objects entering below the drainable water storage buoyancy tank 1 when the building structure lands on the ground, and horizontal landing is realized.
- the buoyancy tank bottom storage self-supporting leg 11 may have a structure having an earthquake-resistant function by incorporating a seismic isolation, damping, and earthquake-resistant material such as a viscoelastic ball.
- the self-weight independent weight 12 reliably rotates and hangs the buoyancy tank bottom storage self-supporting leg 11 when the building structure floats due to buoyancy, and when the building structure lands on the ground, the drainable water storage buoyancy. This is a weight for pushing away drifting objects and the like that have entered the bottom of the tank 1 to further ensure the horizontal landing of the building structure.
- the pump 13 for pumping and draining water pumps up the water stored in the drainable water storage buoyancy tank 1 to the water storage tanks 3, 5, and 6 on the wall surface, or drains it (at this time, it is connected to the water source providing faucet 17 for fire fighting). It is also a pump for feeding).
- the rainwater filtration filter 14 is filtering equipment for removing the inflow from the rainwater collection and storage guide pipe 2 and the like before rainwater is stored.
- the fire sprinkler 15 is a facility for sprinkling water for fire prevention and fire fighting, and for cooling the solar power generation panel, roof, etc. with vaporization heat.
- the outer wall evaporative heat cooling conduit 16 is a facility for spraying the evaporative heat cooling water from the fire sprinkler 15 on the outer wall surface.
- the fire fighting water source providing faucet 17 is a faucet for providing the water stored in the drainable water storage buoyancy tank 1 as fire fighting water.
- the lifeboat hoisting hook 18 is a facility for lifting the wall-mounted water tank/lifeboat 3 and realizing the connection of a plurality of wall-mounted water tank/lifeboats 3 .
- Each of the above structures and functions can be individually selected and installed, and it is composed of a structure that can be changed according to the existing or new construction of the building structure and the location conditions, and can be flexibly adapted to the site in consideration of cost effectiveness. , promotion of dissemination is planned.
- Drainable water storage buoyancy tank 2 Rainwater collection water storage guide pipe 3 Wall water storage tank and lifeboat 4 Water storage tank water level free connection 5 Wall rainwater storage tank for domestic use 6 Wall rainwater storage increase auxiliary tank 7 Rainwater domestic use water intake valve 8 Extension strut 9 Extension strut seismic isolation material cross section 10 Viscoelastic ball/laminated rubber 11 Buoyancy tank bottom storage self-supporting leg 12 Self-weight independent weight 13 Pump for pumping and draining water 14 Rainwater filtration filter 15 Fire sprinkler 16 Outer wall evaporative heat cooling conduit 17 Firefighting Water supply faucet 18 Lifeboat hoisting hook
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、加えて、貯水槽兼救命艇による水害避難救命艇をも具備し、行政との情報共有化による地域総合防災にも寄与し、避難行動をも支援する個別総合防災節水建築構造物に関するものである。
従来の耐水害性能を備える建築構造物では、構造物への浸水を防ぐ防水技術のみであり、地震災害に対する耐震・制震・免震機能を具備するものではない。高水密性にて水害時に構造物防水技術で建築物を浮上させる等の実証実験も公知ではあるが水害に特化している構造のため平常時での利便性と実用性とに欠き普及には至っていない。
免震技術に関しても、地震振動を軽減して建築構造物の共振を緩和する若しくは強度補強による耐震・免震・制震のみであり、水害への防災寄与は全く無いのが現状である。
現在の技術における、耐水害性能を備える建築構造物や対地震構造を有する建築構造物は、個別構造物単位での対策に過ぎず、様々な行政機関(日本においては例えば、気象庁や国土交通省、地方自治体行政)との情報共有による防災システムとしての雨水の貯排水管理、防火用水設備の具備等の地域総合防災への寄与は皆無であった。洪水氾濫の際の緊急安全確保の切迫時に、建築構造物に救命艇が一体構造として具備される提案は無く、持続可能な節水や防火消防にまで防災寄与する建築構造物は無いのが現状である。
特許文献2では、洪水や津波等の際に、住宅基礎部と土台との間から居住空間に水が浸入するのを防止する耐水害構造が提案されているが、床上浸水等の住居空間への浸水を防止する技術であり、耐水害性能を備える建築構造物における被害防止上の最大の課題である倒壊、構造物漂流を阻止できるものではない。
特許文献3では、耐洪水塀を備えた耐水害性能を備える建物およびリノベーション工法が提案されているが、洪水、高潮等の被害から長期の避難生活を可能とする水密性を有する耐洪水塀を備えた耐水害建物の提案であり、耐水害性能を備える建築構造物における被害防止上の最大の課題である倒壊、構造物漂流を阻止する構造ではなく、建築コストを雨水活用で持続的に長期償却できるものではない。
特許文献4では、台船型建築物を容器構造をなすプール型基礎内に収納し、浸水時に浮体を鉛直上方に浮上させる考案が提示されているが、浮体の平常時における活用がなく、プール型基礎内を越える浮上時には潮流や氾濫水に漂流翻弄される構造であり、漂流時の他の構造物への衝突等の二次被害や漂流先の着定場所での圧縮損壊及び解体撤去費用等の発生が全く考慮されていない。
非特許文献2では、国立研究開発法人建築研究所(日本)の住宅・都市研究グループによって、建築における水害対策の必要性により、費用対効果の試算を含む耐水化計画案を提案しているが、浸水の被害を最小限にする耐水化に留まり、都市レベルでの浸水対策への展開は検討予定とされている。
非特許文献3では、2010年4月に発表された2009年度の日本における特許出願技術動向調査報告書において多用途の免震、制震、除震システムの動向が記述されてはいるが、水害との関連性は無い。免震・除震技術では積層ゴム及びばね、制震技術では塑性、流体、粘弾性、及びばね等の技術分野に属する出願が多いが、建造物被害の耐水害を具備する提案ではない。
雨水を貯留したり排水したりする機能を具備する耐水害性能を備える浮上式の総合防災節水建築構造物により、AI技術とスーパーコンピュータによる降雨予測とに呼応した緊急安全確保を図る地域防災に寄与する。気候変動対応を建築構造物で図り、生命と財産とを守るとともに、地震では揺れによる危険性を上回る被害想定となっている地震火災への備えも欠かすことができない課題である。さらに地球環境維持のために、持続可能な節水、太陽光発電の効率化、二酸化炭素排出量の削減を実現することを志向する。
「雨水の利用の推進に関する法律」(日本)が、水資源循環の適正化を課題として、雨水の利用を推進し、水資源の有効な利用を図り、あわせて下水道、河川等への雨水の集中的な流出の抑制に寄与することを目的としていることとの合致を図る。さらに、国連サミットで採択された国際目標であるSDGsが示した目標6、目標11、及び目標13とも共通する課題の解決を図る。
[項目1]
耐水害建築構造と対地震免震機能構造と防火用水確保構造と雨水利用による水道の節水構造とを有する持続可能な総合防災節水建築構造物であって、
顕著な災害級降雨による水害の発生が予想される時に、建築物下層部の貯水槽を排水式浮力槽として、建築構造物を浮上させる耐水害建築構造物として可動させる建築構造と、
その浮上時可動部に対地震免震機能を具備する建築構造と、
降雨氾濫規模以内の雨水を貯留して、対地震低重心建築構造と、消防防火用水確保と、持続可能な雨水利用による水道の節水と、を実現する建築構造と、
貯留雨水の散水による屋上屋根部及び外壁等の気化熱冷却を図る建築構造と、
壁面の貯水槽を離脱式救命艇として機能させて、救助における効率的な複数人搬送を実現する建築構造と、を有し、
前記の各建築構造を任意に選択して設備施工できるとする持続可能な総合防災節水建築構造物。
[項目2]
地域総合防災に寄与する個別建築構造物であって、行政の豪雨対策計画との計量的治水管理に連動し、個別貯留若しくは地域計画排水放流を実施できる、地域総合防災設備建築構造を有する、
項目1記載の総合防災節水建築構造物。
[項目3]
防火水槽、消火栓が洪水氾濫で堆積した瓦礫による障害により機能不可時の初期消火の水源を確保する機能を有する総合防災節水建築構造における貯水設備の位置エネルギーによる水圧の現地確保と、消火用放水スプリンクラー機能と、地震での道路寸断、消防組織の到着が不可時での自主初期消火と、を可能とする、
項目1記載の総合防災節水建築構造物。
[項目4]
消火用放水スプリンクラーの散水機能を利用して、太陽光発電で最も普及率が高い結晶シリコン系ソーラーパネルへの水道水散水でのカルキ、塩素含有、カルシウム凝固付着の問題を解決する、雨水放水による気化熱冷却を実現し、パネルの温度上昇による電圧の大幅低下を防ぎ発電効率を高めると共に室温の上昇を軽減し、さらに、降雪期には前記消火用放水スプリンクラーから加熱水を散水して建築構造物の積雪被害を防止する機能を具備する、
項目1記載の総合防災節水建築構造物。
[項目5]
想定外の洪水氾濫による水位の上昇時に、耐水害建築構造物における垂直避難では回避できない災害発生に即応し、貯水槽を離脱式救命艇として機能させて、貯水槽兼救命艇の複数連結による安定性確保及び救助における効率的な複数人搬送を実現する、
項目1記載の総合防災節水建築構造物。
更に、建築構造物の下層部の貯水槽や、屋上又は屋根裏、壁面等に設置した貯水槽兼救命艇等の貯排水機能を日常では雨水利用として使用して上水の節約を実現し、豪雨予想や津波警報の発令時には、様々な行政機関(日本においては例えば、気象庁や国土交通省、地方自治体)との連動水量管理に基づく、雨水の貯留や事前計画排水等による治水参与、貯水槽兼救命艇の活用による自主避難困難者の垂直避難支援、救助効率化等の総合防災に寄与する総合防災節水建築構造物として活用できる。行政による豪雨対策では、巨額の予算を投じて貯留・浸透施設等の整備を進めているが、対策目標値を超える豪雨が多発している現在、土地買収を伴わない総合防災節水建築構造物の貯水能力を向上させる施策は、洪水被害の軽減化と防火用水の貯留確保とを実現する。
海外との防災技術共有を見据えた戦略を実現することも、産業の醸成課題としても重要であり、防災施設計画・データの共有によって水害被害の軽減、人命の保護・救助に多大な寄与を実現するモニタリングシステムの構築など産業経済的に実施できることが特徴である。
排水可能貯水浮力槽1は、平常時には雨水の貯留槽であり、雨水を排水することによって建築構造物の浮上動力としてのフロート機能を具現化する。
2 雨水集水貯水誘導管
3 壁面の貯水槽兼救命艇
4 貯水槽水位自在連管
5 壁面の雨水生活利用貯水槽
6 壁面の雨水貯水増量補助槽
7 雨水生活利用取水栓
8 延伸支柱
9 延伸支柱免震材断面
10 粘弾性球/積層ゴム
11 浮力槽底収納自立脚
12 自重自立用ウエイト
13 揚水兼排水用ポンプ
14 雨水濾過フィルター
15 防火スプリンクラー
16 外壁気化熱冷却導管
17 消防用水源提供水栓
18 救命艇吊上げフック
Claims (5)
- 耐水害建築構造と対地震免震機能構造と防火用水確保構造と雨水利用による水道の節水構造とを有する持続可能な総合防災節水建築構造物であって、
顕著な災害級降雨による水害の発生が予想される時に、建築物下層部の貯水槽を排水式浮力槽として、建築構造物を浮上させる耐水害建築構造物として可動させる建築構造と、
その浮上時可動部に対地震免震機能を具備する建築構造と、
降雨氾濫規模以内の雨水を貯留して、対地震低重心建築構造と、消防防火用水確保と、持続可能な雨水利用による水道の節水と、を実現する建築構造と、
貯留雨水の散水による屋上屋根部及び外壁等の気化熱冷却を図る建築構造と、
壁面の貯水槽を離脱式救命艇として機能させて、救助における効率的な複数人搬送を実現する建築構造と、を有し、
前記の各建築構造を任意に選択して設備施工できるとする持続可能な総合防災節水建築構造物。 - 地域総合防災に寄与する個別建築構造物であって、行政の豪雨対策計画との計量的治水管理に連動し、個別貯留若しくは地域計画排水放流を実施できる、地域総合防災設備建築構造を有する、
請求項1記載の総合防災節水建築構造物。 - 防火水槽、消火栓が洪水氾濫で堆積した瓦礫による障害により機能不可時の初期消火の水源を確保する機能を有する総合防災節水建築構造における貯水設備の位置エネルギーによる水圧の現地確保と、消火用放水スプリンクラー機能と、地震での道路寸断、消防組織の到着が不可時での自主初期消火と、を可能とする、
請求項1記載の総合防災節水建築構造物。 - 消火用放水スプリンクラーの散水機能を利用して、太陽光発電で最も普及率が高い結晶シリコン系ソーラーパネルへの水道水散水でのカルキ、塩素含有、カルシウム凝固付着の問題を解決する、雨水放水による気化熱冷却を実現し、パネルの温度上昇による電圧の大幅低下を防ぎ発電効率を高めると共に室温の上昇を軽減し、さらに、降雪期には前記消火用放水スプリンクラーから加熱水を散水して建築構造物の積雪被害を防止する機能を具備する、
請求項1記載の総合防災節水建築構造物。 - 想定外の洪水氾濫による水位の上昇時に、耐水害建築構造物における垂直避難では回避できない災害発生に即応し、貯水槽を離脱式救命艇として機能させて、貯水槽兼救命艇の複数連結による安定性確保及び救助における効率的な複数人搬送を実現する、
請求項1記載の総合防災節水建築構造物。
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