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WO2023015752A1 - 一种含铁粉料在还原性气氛中直接炼钢装置及使用方法 - Google Patents

一种含铁粉料在还原性气氛中直接炼钢装置及使用方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023015752A1
WO2023015752A1 PCT/CN2021/129319 CN2021129319W WO2023015752A1 WO 2023015752 A1 WO2023015752 A1 WO 2023015752A1 CN 2021129319 W CN2021129319 W CN 2021129319W WO 2023015752 A1 WO2023015752 A1 WO 2023015752A1
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Prior art keywords
steelmaking
iron
gas
flux
pool
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PCT/CN2021/129319
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
赵晓
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赵晓
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Application filed by 赵晓 filed Critical 赵晓
Priority to JP2024508590A priority Critical patent/JP2024530217A/ja
Priority to US18/682,442 priority patent/US20240352547A1/en
Publication of WO2023015752A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023015752A1/zh

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
    • C21B13/0033—In fluidised bed furnaces or apparatus containing a dispersion of the material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
    • C21B13/0006—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes obtaining iron or steel in a molten state
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
    • C21B13/0073—Selection or treatment of the reducing gases
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
    • C21B13/008—Use of special additives or fluxing agents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
    • C21C7/04—Removing impurities by adding a treating agent
    • C21C7/064—Dephosphorising; Desulfurising
    • C21C7/0645—Agents used for dephosphorising or desulfurising
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B2300/00—Process aspects
    • C21B2300/02—Particular sequence of the process steps
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/20—Recycling

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of metallurgy, and relates to an iron-containing powder direct steelmaking device and a use method in a reducing atmosphere.
  • Coking+sintering/pelletizing ⁇ blast furnace ⁇ converter is the main process of crude steel production at present. This process integrates sintering (or pelletizing), coking, blast furnace ironmaking and converter oxidation steelmaking. High consumption, dependence on coke resources and serious environmental pollution. At a time when global environmental pollution and resource and energy shortages are intensifying, energy conservation, emission reduction, and clean production have become the only way for the sustainable development of the global steel industry.
  • the traditional steelmaking process adopts oxygen converter and electric furnace steelmaking process.
  • the oxygen converter uses blast furnace molten iron as raw material to obtain qualified molten steel. It has many production units, large scale and long production cycle.
  • the blast furnace molten iron used in the oxygen converter has a high carbon content (usually 2.5-4.3%), and contains more impurities such as silicon, manganese, phosphorus, sulfur, etc., which requires not only slagging flux, but also high-purity oxygen blowing and molten iron transfer Heat is also lost.
  • Electric furnace steelmaking mainly uses recycled scrap steel, and uses electric energy as a heat source to smelt qualified molten steel in the electric furnace. The process is simple, and the production links and cycles are short. Since scrap steel needs to be melted, a large amount of electric energy is consumed, and independent steelmaking equipment needs to be built for both of them, and the investment is huge.
  • smelting reduction ironmaking technology can reduce the dependence on high pollution and high energy consumption processes such as agglomeration, sintering and coking, and has been developed in recent years.
  • the COREX method uses the upper pre-reduction shaft furnace for pre-reduction of iron ore to obtain metallized pellets (DRI) with a metallization rate of 70%-90%, and then sends the DRI to the lower melter-gasifier for final reduction.
  • DRI metallized pellets
  • the FINEX process uses powdered ore as raw material, and uses multi-stage fluidized reactors to complete the pre-reduction of iron ore to obtain reduced iron powder with a metallization rate of about 90%.
  • the gasifier performs smelting final reduction.
  • the HIsmelt process uses fine ore as the main raw material, and uses a cyclone melting furnace to flash smelt the fine ore.
  • the fine ore, flux, and coal powder are sprayed into the cyclone melting furnace along the tangential direction of the furnace body with oxygen as the carrier.
  • the fine ore is in the process of movement. It is reduced and melted, and then flows along the furnace wall and drops into the smelting reduction furnace for final reduction.
  • the above-mentioned processes obviously use different devices for reduction ironmaking and melting final reduction steelmaking.
  • the iron-containing powder is reduced first, then briquetted, and then reduced for steelmaking.
  • the process is complicated and the utilization rate of the device is low.
  • the flash smelting efficiency is high
  • the cyclone melting furnace and the smelting reduction furnace are also of different device structures, and the blowing along the tangential direction of the furnace body to the cyclone melting furnace has very high requirements on the injection performance, the refractory material is severely eroded, and the life of the furnace lining is very high. Short, can not carry out industrial mass production and popularization.
  • patents such as CN106086280A, CN102690919A, CN103993115A disclose the flash ironmaking technology, integrate processes such as reduction, melting, slagging, have equipment simplification, the advantage of easy large-scale production of production, but the carbon content of product molten iron is high ( >2.0%), Si, Mn, P, S and other impurities cannot be effectively removed, and crude steel cannot be directly produced.
  • Other patents CN101906501A and CN108374067A propose the process of using fine ore and coal oxygen to directly make steel. After the iron ore powder is pre-reduced, it is sprayed with coal powder and oxygen into the steelmaking furnace for steelmaking.
  • the rapid reduction direct steelmaking device in CN108374067A includes an iron ore powder pretreatment system, a rapid reduction furnace system and a steelmaking furnace system.
  • reduction ironmaking and smelting final reduction steelmaking are also carried out through different devices.
  • the current smelting reduction ironmaking/direct steelmaking method can solve the problems of long steel production process, high energy consumption and serious pollution to a certain extent.
  • the above-mentioned processes still use traditional reduction ironmaking and oxidation steelmaking Two-step process; the reduction process and the oxidation process are implemented in different equipment or containers, which has the disadvantages of large equipment investment and many failures of connected equipment.
  • the technical problem solved by the present invention is that traditional blast furnace ironmaking and converter steelmaking consume a lot of energy and cause serious environmental pollution, requiring two steps; although there is smelting reduction ironmaking technology, it uses different devices for reduction ironmaking and oxidation smelting For steel, the production process is long, the energy consumption is high, the pollution is serious, different equipment occupies a large area, and the synergy rate is low.
  • the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
  • a direct steelmaking device for iron-containing powder in a reducing atmosphere comprising a steelmaking pool, a gas tower, a rapid reduction zone, an ore feeding zone and a control system;
  • the steelmaking pool is arranged at the bottom of the device, the steelmaking pool includes a slagging flux pile, the bottom of the steelmaking pool is provided with a molten steel layer, and the molten steel layer is provided with a liquid slag layer;
  • a rapid reduction zone is set above the steelmaking pool
  • a gas generating tower is arranged on the side of the lower part of the rapid reduction zone, and an ore feeding zone is arranged above the rapid reduction zone;
  • the central part of the top of the mineral material delivery area is provided with a tail gas discharge port, and the outer side of the tail gas discharge port is provided with a number of slagging flux discharge ports along the circumference, and the side of the mineral material delivery area is evenly provided with a number of cold air ports and a number of Mineral powder input port, the interior of the mineral material input area is provided with a slag-forming flux warehouse and a slag-forming flux input mechanism;
  • the control system is arranged on the side of the steelmaking pool, the gas generating tower, the rapid reduction area or the ore feeding area, and is electrically connected with the device through sensors and control components.
  • the steelmaking pool is a cylinder or a polygonal prism
  • the upper part of the steelmaking pool is directly connected to the rapid reduction zone
  • a steel tapping hole is opened on the side of the molten steel layer near the bottom of the steelmaking pool
  • a slag outlet is opened on the other side of the liquid slag layer close to the molten steel layer.
  • the slagging flux stockpile is an arc-conical solid slagging flux stockpile;
  • the solid slagging flux stockpile is a conical stockpile, which is composed of granular or massive limestone with a particle size of 5-50mm, One or more of quicklime, semi-coke, fluorite, dolomite and lump coal are mixed and formed by natural falling;
  • the solid slag-forming flux stockpile passes through the liquid slag layer, and the bottom is suspended in the molten steel layer.
  • the gas-generating tower has a built-in air-generating gun and a reducing flow channel, which are in the form of a truncated cone or a truncated pyramid;
  • the gas-generating gun is externally connected with an oxygen supply device and a gas-generating raw material supply device, and the flame temperature at the mouth of the gas-generating gun reaches 1800- 2400°C, the gas-making gun injects the flame of gas-making raw material combustion inwardly, and generates high-temperature reducing gas through incomplete combustion, which is directly sprayed to the side of the slag-forming flux pile; Lower connection.
  • the gas-making raw material supply device supplies gas-making raw materials, which include but are not limited to pulverized coal, natural gas, hydrogen, biomass fuel and the like.
  • the reducing gas generated by the air gun contains a certain proportion of CO, H 2 , and a small amount of H 2 O, CO 2 and N 2 .
  • the main reaction in the fast reduction zone is:
  • the main reactions in the slagging flux pile area are:
  • the reducing flow passage is bell-shaped, with a downward inclination angle of 30°-60° to the horizontal plane; an inclination angle to the centripetal axis of 1°-16° to the right in the northern hemisphere, and 1°-16° to the left in the southern hemisphere .
  • the rapid reduction zone is a zone for iron-containing powder reduction
  • the structure is a cylindrical or polygonal cylindrical shape with a thinner middle and thicker upper and lower ends; the lower part of the rapid reduction zone is provided with at least 3 A gas tower.
  • the mineral material delivery area is a truncated cone with a large bottom and a small upper top, and a tail gas discharge port is provided at the top center of the mineral material delivery area; at least one slag forming port is arranged on the outer side of the tail gas discharge port along the circumference.
  • Flux injection port; the outside of the mineral material input area is evenly provided with at least 2 mineral powder input ports, the outer side of the mineral material input area is evenly provided with at least 2 cold air outlets, and the inside of the mineral material input area is provided with Slagging flux storage bin and slagging flux delivery mechanism.
  • control system is composed of a hardware system and control software, and is electrically connected to the device through sensors and control components.
  • control system is electrically connected to the gas generating tower, the cold air port, the ore powder input port, the slagging flux input port and the slagging flux input mechanism.
  • a method for using iron-containing powder directly in a steelmaking device in a reducing atmosphere comprising the following steps:
  • Step 1 Open the slagging flux inlet through the control system, mix the slagging flux materials and put them into the slagging flux storage bin, the slagging flux material enters the steelmaking pool from the slagging flux storage bin, forming a 1-3m high slagging flux pile;
  • Step 2 drying the gas-making raw material with an average particle size of less than 0.1mm to a moisture content of ⁇ 1wt.%, and then loading it into the gas-making raw material supply device;
  • Step 3 start the air gun through the ignition device of the air gun, adjust the oxygen supply device and the gas-making raw material supply device so that the CO+H 2 in the gas composition>90% and the temperature>1800°C;
  • Step 4 Dry the iron-containing powder until the water content is ⁇ 1wt.%, and then start the ore powder delivery port.
  • the particle size of the iron-containing powder is ⁇ 1mm, the average particle size is 0.074mm, and the total iron TFe content is 50-70wt .%;
  • Step 5 During the falling of the device, the iron-containing powder undergoes heat transfer and mass transfer reaction with the reducing gas generated by the rising air gun in the rapid reduction zone, and then falls on the surface of the slagging flux pile in the steelmaking pool, The unreduced part of the iron-containing powder in the rapid reduction zone is further reduced on the surface of the slagging flux pile and the reducing gas generated by the air gun;
  • Step 6 The molten iron and the reducing gas complete the final reduction, complete the impurity removal reaction with the slagging flux pile, generate final slag, and then separate the slag from steel;
  • Step 7 Molten steel and liquid slag are regularly discharged from the steel tapping hole and the slag tapping hole, and the generated waste gas is discharged in time through the tail gas discharge port.
  • the surface of the slag-forming flux pile in the first step is a concave arc surface
  • the reflowed steel slag mixture flows slowly from the top of the pile along the arc surface to the bottom of the pile under the action of gravity, and countercurrently convects with the high-temperature reducing gas to perform heat and mass exchange ;
  • the steel slag mixture flows downward, it reacts with the slagging flux on the surface of the slagging flux heap to remove impurities such as sulfur and phosphorus in the molten steel and generate high-basic final slag.
  • the molten steel in the step seven is C: ⁇ 0.5wt.%, S: ⁇ 0.02wt.%, P: ⁇ 0.02wt.% crude steel; the binary alkalinity of the slag liquid is 1.3- 2.0.
  • the iron-containing powder is directly smelted in a reducing atmosphere, abandoning the coking, sintering, pelletizing process of the traditional blast furnace and the method of converter steelmaking, and directly using the iron-containing powder as raw material, in the rapid reduction Reduction reaction occurs with reducing gas in the zone, and a small amount of unreduced iron oxide completes the final reduction in the slagging flux pile, and at the same time completes desulfurization, dephosphorization and other impurity removal reactions, so that crude steel can be directly and efficiently produced in one device, no longer relying on Coke resources reduce high energy-consuming processes; a large number of steelmaking devices are not required, and the factory occupies less land, saving a lot of capital investment.
  • the iron-containing powder is directly smelted in a reducing atmosphere.
  • the gas-making raw material needs to be sprayed with high-temperature reducing gas through an air gun.
  • the high-temperature reducing gas first directly acts on the slagging flux pile and the steel slag mixture flowing down the slagging flux pile.
  • Provide heat for the steel slag mixture and the slag-forming flux pile which is beneficial to increase the temperature of the steel slag mixture, facilitate the melting of lime, shorten the stagnation period, accelerate the process of slagging, and reduce heat loss; then the high-temperature reducing gas rises through the rapid reduction zone, In the rapid reduction zone, the countercurrent encounter with the falling iron-containing powder occurs, and the heat transfer and mass transfer reactions are carried out at the same time. The contact reaction is sufficient and the reaction efficiency is high.
  • the iron-containing powder is directly smelted in a reducing atmosphere, and a steel-making pool is installed at the bottom of the furnace body. After the reduction reaction, the falling iron and iron ore reflow all fall together on the surface of the slagging flux pile, and the iron-containing powder
  • the unreduced part in the rapid reduction zone can be further reduced with high-temperature reducing gas to complete the final reduced steel slag mixture, and complete dephosphorization, desulfurization and other impurity removal reactions with slag-forming flux to generate final slag, and then separate slag and steel.
  • Steelmaking can be done directly in the device without a large amount of separate investment in steelmaking equipment, which greatly saves capital and site area.
  • the present invention is based on the integrated reduction and slagging of iron-containing powders in the rapid reduction zone and slagging flux pile, and uniquely designs the structure and process of direct steelmaking equipment, creating a device that is conducive to heat and mass transfer. Flow field and temperature field, so as to achieve the purpose of integrated direct steelmaking based on the slagging flux pile in the device under reducing atmosphere.
  • the smelting process of the present invention revolves around the slagging flux heap in the steelmaking pool.
  • the slagging flux in the whole smelting process is sufficient and excessive;
  • Various chemical reactions are completed on the surface of the slag flux (alkaline oxide) pile to generate low melting point final slag, which is discharged into the steelmaking pool.
  • Fig. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of the iron-containing powder direct steelmaking device in a reducing atmosphere of the present invention.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a device for direct steelmaking of iron-containing powder in a reducing atmosphere
  • the device includes a steelmaking pool 1, a gas generating tower 2, a rapid reduction zone 3, and an ore feeding zone 4 and a control system 5,
  • the steelmaking pool 1 is arranged at the bottom of the device
  • the steelmaking pool 1 includes a slagging flux pile 11 arranged in the center
  • a molten steel layer 12 is arranged at the bottom of the slagging flux pile 11
  • the upper layer of the molten steel layer 12 is provided with a liquid slag layer 13
  • the top of the slagging flux pile 11 is provided with a rapid reduction zone 3
  • the side of the lower part of the rapid reduction zone 3 is provided with a gas generating tower 2
  • the rapid reduction area 3 is set a mineral material feeding area 4, and the control system 5 controls the measurement and control units distributed in different parts through electrical connection.
  • the steelmaking pool 1 is a cylinder or a polygonal prism tube, the upper part of the steelmaking pool 1 is directly connected to the rapid reduction zone 3, and the side of the molten steel layer 12 of the steelmaking pool 1 near the bottom is provided with at least One tapping hole 121, and at least one tapping hole 131 is opened on the other side of the liquid slag layer 13 close to the molten steel layer 121.
  • the slagging flux pile 11 is an arc-conical solid slagging flux stockpile; the solid slagging flux stockpile is in the shape of a conical pile with a height of 1-3m, and consists of granular or block particles with a particle size of 5-50mm
  • the solid slagging flux stockpile is preferably granular limestone with a particle size of 20mm, block quicklime with a particle size of 30mm, granular semi-coke with a particle size of 15mm, block blue charcoal, fluorite, and dolomite with a particle size of 40mm.
  • Stone and lump coal preferably granular limestone, quicklime, semi-coke and fluorite with a particle size of 33mm; the height of the conical pile is preferably 1.5m, 2.5m, 1m, 3m.
  • the gas-making tower 2 has a built-in gas-making gun 21 and a reducing flow channel 22, which are in the form of a conical frustum; the gas-making gun 21 is externally connected with an oxygen supply device and a gas-making raw material supply device; the muzzle flame temperature of the gas-making gun 21 reaches 1800- 2400°C, preferably 1800°C, 2000°C, 2200°C, 2400°C; the gas-making gun 21 injects the flame of gas-making raw material combustion inwardly, generates high-temperature reducing gas through incomplete combustion, and directly sprays it into the slagging flux pile 11 Side: the outlet of the reduction flow channel 22 of the gas generating tower 2 is connected to the lower part of the rapid reduction zone 3 .
  • the gas-making raw material supply device supplies gas-making raw materials, including but not limited to pulverized coal, natural gas, hydrogen, biomass fuel and the like.
  • the reducing gas generated by the air gun 21 contains a certain proportion of CO, H 2 , and a small amount of H 2 O, CO 2 and N 2 .
  • the reduction flow channel 22 is bell-shaped, and the downward inclination angle with the horizontal plane is 30°-60°, preferably 45°, 40°, 50°, 30°, 60°; the inclination angle with the centripetal axis is right-inclined in the northern hemisphere 1°-16°, in the southern hemisphere it is 1°-16° to the left, preferably 8°, 11°, 5°.
  • the fast reduction zone 3 is a zone for iron-containing powder reduction, and its structure is a cylindrical shape with a thin middle and thick upper and lower ends, and the shape of the variable cross-section is used to control the flow field to operate according to the set parameters; 3-36 gas generating towers are evenly arranged along the circumference of the lower part of the reduction zone 3 .
  • the mineral material delivery area 4 is a truncated cone with a large bottom and a small top.
  • the central part of the top of the mineral material delivery area 4 is provided with a tail gas discharge port 45;
  • the slag flux injection port 44, 2-16 slag powder input ports 42 are uniformly arranged on the outside of the mineral material input area 4, and 2-18 cold air ports 41 are evenly arranged on the outer side of the mineral material input area 4, for Cooling gas is introduced to control the temperature of the exhaust gas within the set range.
  • the mineral material feeding area 4 is provided with a slagging flux storage bin 43 and a slagging flux feeding mechanism 46 .
  • the control system 5 is composed of a hardware system and control software, and is electrically connected with the device through sensors and control components.
  • An embodiment of the present invention provides a method for using iron-containing powders in a reducing atmosphere for direct steelmaking.
  • the method includes the following steps:
  • Step 1 Open the slagging flux input port 44 through the control system 5, mix the slagging flux materials and put them into the slagging flux storage bin 43, and control the slagging flux delivery mechanism 46 to make the slagging flux materials from the slagging flux storage bin 43 into the steelmaking pool 1, forming a slagging flux heap 11 at the bottom;
  • Step 2 drying the gas-making raw material with an average particle size of less than 0.1mm to a moisture content of ⁇ 1wt.%, and then loading it into the gas-making raw material supply device;
  • Step 3 start the gas gun 21 through the ignition device of the gas gun 21, adjust the oxygen supply device and the gas-making raw material supply device so that CO+H 2 in the gas composition>90% and the temperature>1800°C;
  • Step 4 dry the iron-containing powder until the moisture is ⁇ 1wt.%, and then start the ore powder input port 42 to put in.
  • the particle diameter of the iron-containing powder is ⁇ 1mm, the average particle diameter is 0.074mm, and the total iron TFe content is 50- 70wt.%;
  • Step 5 During the falling of the device, the iron-containing powder material undergoes heat transfer and mass transfer reaction with the reducing gas generated by the rising air-making gun 21 in the rapid reduction zone 3, and then falls into the slagging flux in the steelmaking pool 1 On the surface of the pile 11, the unreduced part of the iron-containing powder in the rapid reduction zone 3 is further reduced on the surface of the slagging flux pile 11 and the reducing gas produced by the air gun 21;
  • Step 6 The final reduction of the steel slag mixture is completed, and the impurity removal reaction is completed with the slagging flux pile 11 to generate final slag, and then the slag and steel are separated;
  • Step 7 Molten steel and slag liquid are regularly discharged from the steel tapping port 121 and the slag tapping port 131, and the generated tail gas is discharged in time through the tail gas discharge port 45, and the temperature of the tail gas is adjusted by feeding cold air through the cold air port 41.
  • the surface of the slag-forming flux pile 11 in the step 1 is a concave arc surface, and the reflowed steel slag mixture flows slowly from the top of the pile along the arc surface to the bottom of the pile under the action of gravity, and countercurrently convects with the high-temperature reducing gas to perform heat and mass exchange; steel slag When flowing downward, it reacts with the slagging flux on the surface of the slagging flux pile 11 to remove impurities such as sulfur and phosphorus in the molten steel to generate high-basic final slag.
  • the molten steel in the step seven is C: ⁇ 0.5wt.%, S: ⁇ 0.02wt.%, P: ⁇ 0.02wt.% crude steel; the binary basicity of the slag liquid is 1.3-2.0.
  • the iron-containing powder is directly smelted in a reducing atmosphere, and the coking, sintering, pelletizing process and flash smelting method of the traditional blast furnace are abandoned, and the iron-containing powder is directly used as raw material.
  • Reduction reaction occurs with reducing gas in the zone, and a small amount of unreduced iron oxide completes the final reduction in the slagging flux pile, and at the same time completes desulfurization, dephosphorization and other impurity removal reactions, so that crude steel can be directly and efficiently produced in one device, no longer relying on Coke resources reduce high energy-consuming processes; a large number of steelmaking devices are not required, and the factory occupies less land, saving a lot of capital investment.
  • the iron-containing powder is directly smelted in a reducing atmosphere.
  • the gas-making raw material needs to be sprayed with high-temperature reducing gas through an air gun.
  • the high-temperature reducing gas first directly acts on the slagging flux pile to provide heat for the slagging flux pile, which is beneficial to the lime. Melting, shortening the stagnation period, accelerating the process of slagging, and less heat loss; then the high-temperature reducing gas rises through the rapid reduction zone, and meets the falling iron-containing powder in the rapid reduction zone, and conducts heat transfer and mass transfer reactions at the same time , the contact reaction is sufficient and the reaction efficiency is high.
  • the iron-containing powder is directly smelted in a reducing atmosphere, and a steel-making pool is installed at the bottom of the furnace body. After the reduction reaction, the falling iron and iron ore reflow all fall together on the surface of the slagging flux pile, and the iron-containing powder
  • the unreduced part in the rapid reduction zone can be further reduced with high-temperature reducing gas to form molten iron, and finally all iron oxides and high-temperature reducing gas will complete the final reduction, and complete the dephosphorization, desulfurization and other impurity removal reactions with the slagging flux to form the final iron oxide. Slag, and then the separation of slag and steel can realize direct steelmaking in one device, without requiring a large amount of separate investment in steelmaking equipment, which greatly saves capital and site area.
  • the smelting process of the present invention revolves around the slagging flux heap in the steelmaking pool.
  • the slagging flux in the whole smelting process is sufficient and excessive;
  • Various chemical reactions are completed on the surface of the slag flux (alkaline oxide) to generate low melting point final slag, which is discharged from the steelmaking pool.
  • the unique design of the structure and process of direct steelmaking equipment based on the integrated reduction and slagging of iron-containing powder in the rapid reduction zone and slagging flux pile, creates a flow field and a flow field that is conducive to heat and mass transfer in the device temperature field, so that in the reducing atmosphere, based on the slagging flux pile in the device, the purpose of integrated direct steelmaking is achieved.

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Abstract

一种含铁粉料在还原性气氛中直接炼钢装置及使用方法，属于冶金的技术领域。所述装置包括炼钢池（1）、造气塔（2）、快速还原区（3）、矿料投放区（4）和控制系统（5）；所述炼钢池（1）设在最底部，所述炼钢池（1）包括造渣熔剂堆（11），所述炼钢池（1）底部设有钢水层（12），所述钢水层（12）上设有液态渣层（13）；所述炼钢池（1）的上方设有快速还原区（3）；所述快速还原区（3）下部设有造气塔（2），所述快速还原区（3）的上方设有矿料投放区（4）；所述矿料投放区（4）顶部的中央部位设有尾气排放口（45），所述尾气排放口（45）的外侧设有造渣熔剂投放口（44），所述矿料投放区（4）的侧面设有冷气口（41）和矿粉投放口（42），所述矿料投放区（4）的内部设有造渣熔剂仓（43）和造渣熔剂投放机构（46）；所述直接炼钢装置设有控制系统（5），通过传感器和控制部件与所述装置电连接。

Description

一种含铁粉料在还原性气氛中直接炼钢装置及使用方法 技术领域
本发明属于冶金的技术领域，涉及一种含铁粉料在还原性气氛中直接炼钢装置及使用方法。
背景技术
炼焦+烧结/球团→高炉→转炉是目前粗钢生产的主要流程，该流程集烧结(或球团)、炼焦、高炉炼铁和转炉氧化炼钢四个工艺环节，具有生产流程长、能耗高、依赖焦炭资源而对环境污染严重等缺点。在当前全球环境污染和资源、能源短缺问题愈演愈烈之际，实行节能减排、推行清洁生产已成为全球钢铁工业持续发展的必由之路。
传统炼钢工艺采用氧气转炉和电炉炼钢工艺。氧气转炉采用高炉铁水为原料进行吹炼获得合格钢水，生产单元多，规模庞大，生产周期长。氧气转炉采用的高炉铁水含碳量高(通常为2.5-4.3％)，含有较多的硅、锰、磷、硫等杂质，不仅仅需要造渣熔剂，还需要高纯度氧气吹炼，铁水转运亦会损失热量。电炉炼钢主要采用回收再利用的废钢，在电炉中利用电能作为热源进行冶炼获得合格钢水的工艺，工艺流程简单，生产环节和周期少。由于需要熔化废钢，需要耗费大量的电能，两者均需建设独立的炼钢设备，投入资金巨大。
针对传统高炉炼铁流程高污染、高能耗问题，熔融还原炼铁技术因可降低对造块、烧结、炼焦等高污染、高耗能工序的依赖，近年来得以发展，成为钢铁工业实现节能减排和清洁生产的重要技术途径，如COREX、FINEX和HIsmelt等工艺。COREX法采用上部预还原竖炉进行铁矿预还原，得到金属化率为70％-90％的金属化球团(DRI)，然后将DRI送入下部熔化气化炉进行终还原。该工艺生产过程中仍需依靠块矿、球团矿、烧结矿和部分焦炭来维持炉况顺行。FINEX工艺以粉矿为原料，采用多级流化态反应器完成铁矿预还原，获得金属化率为90％左右的还原铁粉，还原铁粉和粉煤经热压块后作为 炉料加入熔化气化炉进行熔融终还原。HIsmelt工艺以粉矿为主要原料，采用旋风熔化炉对粉矿进行闪速熔炼，粉矿、熔剂、煤粉以氧气为载体沿炉体切线方向喷吹到旋风熔化炉内，粉矿在运动过程中被还原熔化，进而沿着炉壁流淌、滴落到熔融还原炉内进行终还原。
上述的工艺显然都是通过不同的装置进行还原炼铁和熔融终还原炼钢，其中的先还原含铁粉料然后压块，之后还原炼钢，显然工艺复杂，装置利用率低。虽然闪速熔炼效率高，但是其中的旋风熔化炉和熔融还原炉也是不同的装置结构，沿炉体切线方向喷吹到旋风熔化炉对喷吹性能的要求非常高，耐火材料侵蚀严重，炉衬寿命短，不能够进行工业大规模生产和推广。
而专利CN106086280A、CN102690919A、CN103993115A等公开的闪速炼铁技术，把还原、熔化、造渣等过程集于一体，具有设备简化，易于生产的大规模生产的优点，但产物铁水的碳含量高(>2.0％)，Si、Mn、P、S等杂质无法有效去除，不能直接生产粗钢。其他的专利CN101906501A、CN108374067A提出用粉矿和煤氧直接炼钢的工艺，铁矿粉经预还原后，与煤粉、氧气喷入炼钢炉内进行炼钢。特别是CN108374067A中的飞速还原直接炼钢的装置包括铁矿粉预处理系统、飞速还原炉系统和炼钢炉系统，显然也是通过不同的装置进行还原炼铁和熔融终还原炼钢。
综上所述，现阶段熔融还原炼铁/直接炼钢方法可在一定程度上解决钢铁生产流程长、能耗高、污染严重的问题，然而上述工艺依然采用传统的还原炼铁和氧化炼钢二步过程；还原工序和氧化工序在不同设备或容器中实施，存在设备投资大、连接设备故障多的弊端。
发明内容
本发明解决的技术问题是传统高炉炼铁和转炉炼钢能耗大，环境污染严重，需要两步进行；虽然有熔融还原炼铁技术，但是其是通过不同的装置进行还原炼铁和氧化炼钢，生产流程长，能耗高，污染严重，不同设备占地面积大，协同率低。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明提供如下技术方案：
一种含铁粉料在还原性气氛中直接炼钢装置，所述装置包括炼钢池、造气 塔、快速还原区、矿料投放区和控制系统；
其中：所述炼钢池设置在所述装置最底部，所述炼钢池包括造渣熔剂堆，所述炼钢池底部设置有钢水层，所述钢水层上设置有液态渣层；
所述炼钢池的上方设置有快速还原区；
所述快速还原区下部的旁侧设置有造气塔，所述快速还原区的上方设置有矿料投放区；
所述矿料投放区顶部的中央部位设有尾气排放口，所述尾气排放口的外侧沿圆周设置有若干造渣熔剂投放口，所述矿料投放区的侧面均匀设置有若干冷气口和若干矿粉投放口，所述矿料投放区的内部设有造渣熔剂仓和造渣熔剂投放机构；
所述控制系统设置在炼钢池、造气塔、快速还原区或矿料投放区的旁侧，通过传感器和控制部件与所述装置电连接。
优选地，所述炼钢池为圆筒或多边形棱柱筒，所述炼钢池的上部和所述快速还原区直接连接，所述炼钢池的钢水层靠近底部的一侧开设有出钢口，所述液态渣层的靠近所述钢水层的另一侧开设有出渣口。
优选地，所述造渣熔剂堆为圆弧锥形的固态造渣熔剂料堆；所述固态造渣熔剂料堆为圆锥堆状，由包括粒径为5-50mm的粒状或块状石灰石、生石灰、兰炭、萤石、白云石和块煤的一种或几种混合后自然下落而成；所述固态造渣熔剂料堆穿过液态渣层，底部悬浮在钢水层中。
优选地，所述造气塔内置造气枪和还原气流道，呈圆锥台或棱锥台；所述造气枪外部连接有氧气供应装置和造气原料供应装置，所述造气枪口火焰高温达1800-2400℃，所述造气枪向内喷射造气原料燃烧的火焰，通过不完全燃烧产生高温还原气，直接喷射到造渣熔剂堆的侧面；所述造气塔的还原气流道出口与快速还原区下部连接。
优选地，所述造气原料供应装置供应造气原料，造气原料为包含但不限于粉煤、天然气、氢气、生物质燃料等。
优选地，所述造气枪产生的还原气，含有一定比例的CO，H 2，少量的H 2O，CO 2和N 2。
优选地，快速还原区域的主要反应为：
[FeO]+H 2(g)＝[Fe]+H 2O(g)
[FeO]+CO(g)＝[Fe]+CO 2(g)
造渣熔剂堆区域主要反应为：
(SiO 2)+2(CaO)＝(2CaO·SiO 2)
[FeS]+(CaO)＝(CaS)+[FeO]
(P 2O 5)+4(CaO)＝(4CaO·P 2O 5)。
优选地，所述还原气流道为喇叭口状，与水平面向下倾斜角为30°-60°；与向心轴线倾角在北半球为右倾1°-16°，在南半球为左倾1°-16°。
优选地，所述快速还原区为含铁粉料还原的区域，结构为中间细、上下两端粗的变截面的圆筒状或多边形筒状；所述快速还原区下部沿圆周设置有至少3个造气塔。
优选地，所述矿料投放区为下大上小的锥台型，所述矿料投放区的顶部中央部位开设有尾气排放口；所述尾气排放口外侧沿圆周设置有至少1个造渣熔剂投放口；所述矿料投放区的外侧均匀设置有至少2个矿粉投放口，所述矿料投放区的外侧均匀设置有至少2个冷气口，所述矿料投放区的内部设置有造渣熔剂存储仓和造渣熔剂投放机构。
优选地，所述控制系统由硬件系统和控制软件组成，通过传感器和控制部件与所述装置电连接。
优选地，所述控制系统与所述造气塔、所述冷气口、所述矿粉投放口、所述造渣熔剂投放口和所述造渣熔剂投放机构电连接。
一种含铁粉料在还原性气氛中直接炼钢装置的使用方法，所述使用方法包括如下步骤：
步骤一、通过控制系统打开造渣熔剂投放口，将造渣熔剂材料混合后装入造渣熔剂存储仓，造渣熔剂材料从造渣熔剂存储仓进入炼钢池，在底部形成1-3m高的造渣熔剂堆；
步骤二、把平均粒径小于0.1mm的造气原料干燥到水分≤1wt.％后装入造气原料供应装置；
步骤三、通过造气枪的点火装置启动造气枪，调节氧气供应装置和造气原料供应装置使所造气体成分中CO+H 2>90％，温度>1800℃；
步骤四、把含铁粉料干燥到水分≤1wt.％后启动矿粉投放口投放，所述含铁粉料的粒径<1mm，平均粒径为0.074mm，全铁TFe含量为50-70wt.％；
步骤五、含铁粉料在所述装置下落中，在快速还原区与上升的造气枪产生的还原性气体发生传热和传质反应，之后落入炼钢池中的造渣熔剂堆表面，含铁粉料在快速还原区未还原的部分在造渣熔剂堆表面与造气枪产生的还原性气体进一步还原；
步骤六、铁水与还原气完成终还原，与造渣熔剂堆完成脱杂质反应，生成终渣，进而渣钢分离；
步骤七、钢水和渣液定期从出钢口和出渣口排出，产生的废气通过尾气排放口及时排出。
优选地，所述步骤一的造渣熔剂堆表面为内凹弧面，软熔的钢渣混合物在重力作用下自堆顶沿弧面向堆底缓慢流动，与高温还原气逆向对流，进行热质交换；钢渣混和物向下流动时，与造渣熔剂堆表面的造渣熔剂反应，脱除钢液中的硫、磷等杂质，生成高碱度终渣。
优选地，所述步骤七中的钢水为C：<0.5wt.％，S：<0.02wt.％，P：<0.02wt.％的粗钢；所述渣液的二元碱度为1.3-2.0。
本发明实施例提供的上述技术方案，至少具有如下有益效果：
上述方案中，含铁粉料在还原性气氛中直接炼钢，摒弃了传统高炉的炼焦、烧结、球团的工艺流程和转炉炼钢的方法，直接采用含铁粉料为原料，在快速还原区中与还原气发生还原反应，少量未还原铁氧化物在造渣熔剂堆完成终还原，同时完成脱硫、脱磷等脱杂质反应，从而在一个装置内能够直接高效生产粗钢，不再依赖焦炭资源，降低了高耗能的工序；不需要大量的炼钢装置，工厂占地少，节省大量资金投入。
含铁粉料在还原性气氛中直接炼钢，造气原料需要通过造气枪喷射高温还原气，该高温还原气先直接作用于造渣熔剂堆和沿造渣熔剂堆向下流动的钢渣混合物，为钢渣混合物和造渣熔剂堆提供热量，有利于提高钢渣混合物的温度，有利于石灰的熔化，缩短滞止期，加速造渣的进程，热量少损失；然后高温还原气通过快速还原区上升，在快速还原区与下落的含铁粉料发生逆流相遇，同时进行传热和传质反应，接触反应充分，反应效率高。
含铁粉料在还原性气氛中直接炼钢，在炉体底部设置有炼钢池，经过还原反应后下落的铁及铁矿软熔物均一起落在造渣熔剂堆的表面，含铁粉料在快速还原区未还原的部分能够与高温还原气进一步还原，完成终还原的钢渣混合料，与造渣熔剂完成脱磷、脱硫等脱杂质反应，生成终渣，进而渣钢分离，实现在一个装置中就能够直接炼钢，不需要炼钢设备的大量单独投入，极大地节省了资金和场地面积。
故而本发明基于在快速还原区和造渣熔剂堆的含铁粉料一体化还原和造渣，对直接炼钢设备结构和工艺进行独有的设计，创造出装置内利于传热和传质的流场和温度场，从而在还原性气氛下，基于装置内造渣熔剂堆，达成一体化直接炼钢的目的。
总之，本发明的冶炼过程是围绕在炼钢池内的造渣熔剂堆开展，整个冶炼过程造渣熔剂是充足的、过量的；需要脱除的硫、磷等杂质和酸性氧化物在过量的造渣熔剂(碱性氧化物)堆表面完成各类化学反应，生成低熔点终渣，排炼钢池。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例中的技术方案，下面将对实施例描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本发明的含铁粉料在还原性气氛中直接炼钢装置的结构示意图。
附图标记说明如下：
1、炼钢池；11、造渣熔剂堆；12、钢水层；121、出钢口；13、液态渣层；131、出渣口；
2、造气塔；21、造气枪；22、还原气流道；
3、快速还原区；
4、矿料投放区；41、冷气口；42、矿粉投放口；43、造渣熔剂存储仓；44、造渣熔剂投放口；45、尾气排放口；46、造渣熔剂投放机构；
5、控制系统。
具体实施方式
为使本发明要解决的技术问题、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合附图及具体实施例进行详细描述。
如图1所示，本发明实施例提供一种含铁粉料在还原性气氛中直接炼钢装置，所述装置包括炼钢池1、造气塔2、快速还原区3、矿料投放区4和控制系统5，所述炼钢池1设置在所述装置的最底部，所述炼钢池1包括中心设置的造渣熔剂堆11，所述造渣熔剂堆11底部设置有钢水层12，所述钢水层12的上层设置有液态渣层13，所述造渣熔剂堆11的上方设置有快速还原区3，所述快速还原区3下部的旁侧设置有造气塔2，所述快速还原区3的上方设置有矿料投放区4，所述控制系统5通过电连接控制分布在不同部位的测控单元。
所述炼钢池1为圆筒或多边形棱柱筒，所述炼钢池1的上部和所述快速还原区3直接连接，所述炼钢池1的钢水层12靠近底部的一侧开设有至少1个出钢口121，所述液态渣层13的靠近所述钢水层121的另一侧开设有至少1个出渣口131。
所述造渣熔剂堆11为圆弧锥形的固态造渣熔剂料堆；所述固态造渣熔剂料堆为1-3m高的圆锥堆状，由包括粒径为5-50mm的粒状或块状石灰石、生石灰、兰炭、萤石、白云石和块煤的一种或几种混合后自然下落而成。固态造渣熔剂料堆优选粒径为20mm的粒状石灰石，优选粒径为30mm的块状生石灰，优选粒径为15mm的粒状兰炭，优选粒径为40mm的块状兰炭、萤石、白云石和块煤，优选粒径为33mm的粒状石灰石、生石灰、兰炭和萤石；圆锥堆状锥堆的高度优选为1.5m、2.5m、1m、3m。
所述造气塔2内置造气枪21和还原气流道22，呈圆锥台；所述造气枪21外部连接有氧气供应装置和造气原料供应装置；所述造气枪21枪口火焰高温达1800-2400℃，优选为1800℃、2000℃、2200℃、2400℃；所述造气枪21向内喷射造气原料燃烧的火焰，通过不完全燃烧产生高温还原气，直接喷射到造渣熔剂堆11的侧面；所述造气塔2的还原气流道22出口与快速还原区3下部连接。
所述造气原料供应装置供应造气原料，造气原料为包含但不限于粉煤、天然气、氢气、生物质燃料等。
所述造气枪21产生的还原气，含有一定比例的CO，H 2，少量的H 2O，CO 2和N 2。
所述还原气流道22为喇叭口状，与水平面向下倾斜角为30°-60°，优选为45°、40°、50°、30°、60°；与向心轴线倾角在北半球为右倾1°-16°，在南半球为左倾1°-16°，优选为8°、11°、5°。
所述快速还原区3为含铁粉料还原的区域，结构为中间细、上下两端粗的变截面的圆筒状，变截面的形状用于控制流场按设定参数运行；所述快速还原区3下部沿圆周均匀设置3-36个造气塔。
所述矿料投放区4为下大上小的锥台型，所述矿料投放区4的顶部中央部位开设有尾气排放口45；所述尾气排放口外侧沿圆周设置有1-3个造渣熔剂投放口44，所述矿料投放区4的外侧均匀设置有2-16个矿粉投放口42，所述矿料投放区4的外侧均匀设置有2-18个冷气口41，用于通入冷却气体，控制尾气温度在设定范围，所述矿料投放区4的内部设置有造渣熔剂存储仓43和造渣熔剂投放机构46。
所述控制系统5由硬件系统和控制软件组成，通过传感器和控制部件与所述装置电连接。
本发明实施例提供一种含铁粉料在还原性气氛中直接炼钢装置的使用方法，所述使用方法包括如下步骤：
步骤一、通过控制系统5打开造渣熔剂投放口44，将造渣熔剂材料混合后装入造渣熔剂存储仓43，并控制造渣熔剂投放机构46使造渣熔剂材料从造渣熔剂存储仓43进入炼钢池1，在底部形成造渣熔剂堆11；
步骤二、把平均粒径小于0.1mm的造气原料干燥到水分≤1wt.％后装入造气原料供应装置；
步骤三、通过造气枪21的点火装置启动造气枪21，调节氧气供应装置和造气原料供应装置使所造气体成分中CO+H 2>90％，温度>1800℃；
步骤四、把含铁粉料干燥到水分≤1wt.％后启动矿粉投放口42投放，所述含铁粉料的粒径<1mm，平均粒径为0.074mm，全铁TFe含量为50-70wt.％；
步骤五、含铁粉料在所述装置下落中，在快速还原区3与上升的造气枪21产生的还原性气体发生传热和传质反应，之后落入炼钢池1中的造渣熔剂堆11表面，含铁粉料在快速还原区3未还原的部分在造渣熔剂堆11表面与造气枪21产生的还原性气体进一步还原；
步骤六、完成终还原的钢渣混合料，与造渣熔剂堆11完成脱杂质反应，生成终渣，进而渣钢分离；
步骤七、钢水和渣液定期从出钢口121和出渣口131排出，产生的尾气通过尾气排放口45及时排出，尾气温度通过冷气口41通入冷气进行调节。
所述步骤一的造渣熔剂堆11表面为内凹弧面，软熔的钢渣混合物在重力作用下自堆顶沿弧面向堆底缓慢流动，与高温还原气逆向对流，进行热质交换；钢渣向下流动时，与造渣熔剂堆11表面的造渣熔剂反应，脱除钢液中的硫、磷等杂质，生成高碱度终渣。
所述步骤七中的钢水为C：<0.5wt.％，S：<0.02wt.％，P：<0.02wt.％的粗钢；所述渣液的二元碱度为1.3-2.0。
上述方案中，含铁粉料在还原性气氛中直接炼钢，摒弃了传统高炉的炼焦、烧结、球团的工艺流程和闪速熔炼的方法，直接采用含铁粉料为原料，在快速还原区中与还原气发生还原反应，少量未还原铁氧化物在造渣熔剂堆完成终还原，同时完成脱硫、脱磷等脱杂质反应，从而在一个装置内能够直接高效生产粗钢，不再依赖焦炭资源，降低了高耗能的工序；不需要大量的炼钢装置，工厂占地少，节省大量资金投入。
含铁粉料在还原性气氛中直接炼钢，造气原料需要通过造气枪喷射高温还原气，该高温还原气先直接作用于造渣熔剂堆，为造渣熔剂堆提供热量，有利于石灰的熔化，缩短滞止期，加速造渣的进程，热量少损失；然后高温还原气通过快速还原区上升，在快速还原区与下落的含铁粉料发生逆流相遇，同时进行传热和传质反应，接触反应充分，反应效率高。
含铁粉料在还原性气氛中直接炼钢，在炉体底部设置有炼钢池，经过还原反应后下落的铁及铁矿软熔物均一起落在造渣熔剂堆的表面，含铁粉料在快速还原区未还原的部分能够与高温还原气进一步还原生成铁水，最终所有的铁氧 化物与高温还原气则会完成终还原，与造渣熔剂完成脱磷、脱硫等脱杂质反应，生成终渣，进而渣钢分离，实现在一个装置中就能够直接炼钢，不需要炼钢设备的大量单独投入，极大地节省了资金和场地面积。
总之，本发明的冶炼过程是围绕在炼钢池内的造渣熔剂堆开展，整个冶炼过程造渣熔剂是充足的、过量的；需要脱除的硫、磷等杂质和酸性氧化物在过量的造渣熔剂(碱性氧化物)堆表面完成各类化学反应，生成低熔点终渣，排出炼钢池。对直接炼钢设备结构和工艺进行的独有设计，基于在快速还原区和造渣熔剂堆的含铁粉料一体化还原和造渣，创造出装置内利于传热和传质的流场和温度场，从而在还原性气氛下，基于装置内造渣熔剂堆，达成一体化直接炼钢的目的。
以上所述是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明所述原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种含铁粉料在还原性气氛中直接炼钢装置，其特征在于，所述装置包括炼钢池、造气塔、快速还原区、矿料投放区和控制系统；
    其中：所述炼钢池设置在所述装置最底部，所述炼钢池包括造渣熔剂堆，所述炼钢池底部设置有钢水层，所述钢水层上设置有液态渣层；
    所述炼钢池的上方设置有快速还原区；
    所述快速还原区下部的旁侧设置有造气塔，所述快速还原区的上方设置有矿料投放区；
    所述矿料投放区顶部的中央部位设有尾气排放口，所述尾气排放口的外侧沿圆周设置有若干造渣熔剂投放口，所述矿料投放区的侧面均匀设置有若干冷气口和若干矿粉投放口，所述矿料投放区的内部设有造渣熔剂仓和造渣熔剂投放机构；
    所述控制系统设置在炼钢池、造气塔、快速还原区或矿料投放区的旁侧，通过传感器和控制部件与所述装置电连接。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的含铁粉料在还原性气氛中直接炼钢装置，其特征在于，所述炼钢池为圆筒或多边形棱柱筒，所述炼钢池的上部和所述快速还原区直接连接，所述炼钢池的钢水层靠近底部的一侧开设有出钢口，所述液态渣层的靠近所述钢水层的另一侧开设有出渣口。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的含铁粉料在还原性气氛中直接炼钢装置，其特征在于，所述造渣熔剂堆为圆弧锥形的固态造渣熔剂料堆；所述固态造渣熔剂料堆为圆锥堆状，由包括粒径为5-50mm的粒状或块状石灰石、生石灰、兰炭、萤石、白云石和块煤的一种或几种混合后自然下落而成；所述固态造渣熔剂料堆穿过液态渣层，底部悬浮在钢水层中。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的含铁粉料在还原性气氛中直接炼钢装置，其特征在于，所述造气塔内置造气枪和还原气流道，呈圆锥台或棱锥台；所述造气枪外部连接有氧气供应装置和造气原料供应装置，所述造气枪口火焰高温达1800-2400℃；所述造气塔的还原气流道出口与快速还原区下部连接。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的含铁粉料在还原性气氛中直接炼钢装置，其特 征在于，所述还原气流道为喇叭口状，与水平面向下倾斜角为30°-60°；与向心轴线倾角在北半球为右倾1°-16°，在南半球为左倾1°-16°。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的含铁粉料在还原性气氛中直接炼钢装置，其特征在于，所述快速还原区为含铁粉料还原的区域，结构为中间细、上下两端粗的变截面的圆筒状或多边形筒状；所述快速还原区下部沿圆周设置有至少3个造气塔。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的含铁粉料在还原性气氛中直接炼钢装置，其特征在于，所述矿料投放区为下大上小的锥台型，所述矿料投放区的顶部中央部位开设有尾气排放口；所述尾气排放口外侧沿圆周设置有至少1个造渣熔剂投放口；所述矿料投放区的外侧均匀设置有至少2个矿粉投放口，所述矿料投放区的外侧均匀设置有至少2个冷气口，所述矿料投放区的内部设置有造渣熔剂存储仓和造渣熔剂投放机构。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的含铁粉料在还原性气氛中直接炼钢装置，其特征在于，所述控制系统由硬件系统和控制软件组成，通过传感器和控制部件与所述装置电连接。
  9. 如权利要求1-8任一所述含铁粉料在还原性气氛中直接炼钢装置的使用方法，其特征在于，所述使用方法包括如下步骤：
    步骤一、通过控制系统打开造渣熔剂投放口，将造渣熔剂材料混合后装入造渣熔剂存储仓，造渣熔剂材料从造渣熔剂存储仓进入炼钢池，在底部形成1-3m高的造渣熔剂堆；
    步骤二、把平均粒径小于0.1mm的造气原料干燥到水分≤1wt.％后装入造气原料供应装置；
    步骤三、通过造气枪的点火装置启动造气枪，调节氧气供应装置和造气原料供应装置使所造气体成分中CO+H 2>90％，温度>1800℃；
    步骤四、把含铁粉料干燥到水分≤1wt.％后启动矿粉投放口投放，所述含铁粉料的粒径<1mm，平均粒径为0.074mm，全铁TFe含量为50-70wt.％；
    步骤五、含铁粉料在所述装置下落中，在快速还原区与上升的造气枪产生的还原性气体发生传热和传质反应，之后落入炼钢池中的造渣熔剂堆表面，含铁粉料在快速还原区未还原的部分在造渣熔剂堆表面与造气枪产生的还原性 气体进一步还原；
    步骤六、铁水与还原气完成终还原，与造渣熔剂堆完成脱杂质反应，生成终渣，进而渣钢分离；
    步骤七、钢水和渣液定期从出钢口和出渣口排出，产生的废气通过尾气排放口及时排出。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的使用方法，其特征在于，所述步骤七中的钢水为C：<0.5wt.％，S：<0.02wt.％，P：<0.02wt.％的粗钢；所述渣液的二元碱度为1.3-2.0。
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