WO2023001617A1 - Abgasreinigungssystem zur reinigung von abgasen von benzinmotoren - Google Patents
Abgasreinigungssystem zur reinigung von abgasen von benzinmotoren Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2023001617A1 WO2023001617A1 PCT/EP2022/069288 EP2022069288W WO2023001617A1 WO 2023001617 A1 WO2023001617 A1 WO 2023001617A1 EP 2022069288 W EP2022069288 W EP 2022069288W WO 2023001617 A1 WO2023001617 A1 WO 2023001617A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- exhaust gas
- materials
- substrate
- gpf
- twc1
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 title abstract 3
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric oxide Chemical compound O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 194
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 47
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 43
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce] GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 abstract description 17
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 21
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 19
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 18
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000011232 storage material Substances 0.000 description 11
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- MRELNEQAGSRDBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[La+3].[La+3] MRELNEQAGSRDBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 9
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propene Chemical compound CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000004071 soot Substances 0.000 description 6
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910000505 Al2TiO5 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910000420 cerium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- RCFVMJKOEJFGTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium zirconium Chemical compound [Zr].[Ce] RCFVMJKOEJFGTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052878 cordierite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimagnesium dioxido-bis[(1-oxido-3-oxo-2,4,6,8,9-pentaoxa-1,3-disila-5,7-dialuminabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-7-yl)oxy]silane Chemical compound [Mg++].[Mg++].[O-][Si]([O-])(O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2)O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2 JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PLDDOISOJJCEMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N neodymium(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Nd+3].[Nd+3] PLDDOISOJJCEMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- SIWVEOZUMHYXCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoyttriooxy)yttrium Chemical compound O=[Y]O[Y]=O SIWVEOZUMHYXCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- AABBHSMFGKYLKE-SNAWJCMRSA-N propan-2-yl (e)-but-2-enoate Chemical compound C\C=C\C(=O)OC(C)C AABBHSMFGKYLKE-SNAWJCMRSA-N 0.000 description 4
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoceriooxy)cerium Chemical compound [Ce]=O.O=[Ce]=O BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- -1 platinum group metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910001404 rare earth metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 2
- 206010011906 Death Diseases 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000287 alkaline earth metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012876 carrier material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000069 nitrogen hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrous Oxide Chemical compound [O-][N+]#N GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052777 Praseodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- DRVWBEJJZZTIGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical class [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Ce+3].[Ce+3] DRVWBEJJZZTIGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001143 conditioned effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004069 differentiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- MMKQUGHLEMYQSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);praseodymium(3+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Pr+3].[Pr+3] MMKQUGHLEMYQSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SOQBVABWOPYFQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);titanium(4+) Chemical class [O-2].[O-2].[Ti+4] SOQBVABWOPYFQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910003447 praseodymium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011214 refractory ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001954 samarium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940075630 samarium oxide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- FKTOIHSPIPYAPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N samarium(iii) oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Sm+3].[Sm+3] FKTOIHSPIPYAPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon monoxide Chemical class [Si-]#[O+] LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008093 supporting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
- F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
- F01N13/0093—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series the purifying devices are of the same type
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9459—Removing one or more of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, or hydrocarbons by multiple successive catalytic functions; systems with more than one different function, e.g. zone coated catalysts
- B01D53/9477—Removing one or more of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, or hydrocarbons by multiple successive catalytic functions; systems with more than one different function, e.g. zone coated catalysts with catalysts positioned on separate bricks, e.g. exhaust systems
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/10—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of rare earths
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
- F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
- F01N3/033—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices
- F01N3/035—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices with catalytic reactors, e.g. catalysed diesel particulate filters
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
- F01N3/0814—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents combined with catalytic converters, e.g. NOx absorption/storage reduction catalysts
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
- F01N3/0828—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents characterised by the absorbed or adsorbed substances
- F01N3/0842—Nitrogen oxides
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/101—Three-way catalysts
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2255/00—Catalysts
- B01D2255/20—Metals or compounds thereof
- B01D2255/202—Alkali metals
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2255/00—Catalysts
- B01D2255/20—Metals or compounds thereof
- B01D2255/204—Alkaline earth metals
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2255/00—Catalysts
- B01D2255/20—Metals or compounds thereof
- B01D2255/206—Rare earth metals
- B01D2255/2065—Cerium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2255/00—Catalysts
- B01D2255/50—Zeolites
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2255/00—Catalysts
- B01D2255/90—Physical characteristics of catalysts
- B01D2255/91—NOx-storage component incorporated in the catalyst
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2370/00—Selection of materials for exhaust purification
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2510/00—Surface coverings
- F01N2510/06—Surface coverings for exhaust purification, e.g. catalytic reaction
Definitions
- Exhaust gas cleaning system for cleaning exhaust gases from gasoline engines
- the present invention is aimed at cleaning exhaust gases from an internal combustion engine operated predominantly with a stoichiometric fuel mixture.
- the exhaust system has 4 cleaning functions in a specific sequence.
- a close-coupled TWC1 three-way catalytic converter
- GPF petrol particle filter
- TWC2 three-way catalytic converter
- the system also has a nitrogen oxide storage functionality.
- Exhaust gases from internal combustion engines operated with predominantly (>50% of the operating time) a stoichiometric air/fuel mixture e.g. Gasoline engines that run on gasoline or natural gas, for example, are cleaned in conventional processes with the help of three-way catalytic converters (TWC).
- TWC three-way catalytic converters
- combustion air ratio l (A/F ratio; air/fuel ratio) relates the air mass rriL.tats actually available for combustion to the stoichiometric air mass mi_,st:
- the catalytically active materials used in the three-way catalysts are usually platinum group metals, in particular platinum, palladium and rhodium, which are present on g-alumina as the carrier material, for example.
- three-way catalytic converters contain oxygen storage materials, for example cerium/zirconium mixed oxides. In the latter, cerium oxide, a rare earth metal oxide responsible for the Oxygen storage is a basic component. In addition to zirconium oxide and cerium oxide, these materials can contain additional components such as other rare earth metal oxides or alkaline earth metal oxides. Oxygen storage materials are activated by bringing on catalytically active materials such as platinum group metals and thus also serve as a carrier material for the platinum group metals.
- Such catalytically active materials and their ingredients are applied to flow-through substrates, for example, using a coating process. After the substrates have been dried and calcined, they can be installed in the exhaust system.
- Flow substrates are made of ceramic materials such as silicon carbide, aluminum titanate and cordierite and have been tried and tested for a long time. They are made up of a large number of parallel channels formed by porous walls. The channels are open at both ends of the flow-through substrate. The exhaust gas thus flows from the inlet area to the outlet area, contacting the catalytically active material applied to the walls.
- the exhaust gas from such combustion engines also contains the finest particles (PM), which result from the incomplete combustion of the fuel and essentially consist of soot.
- PM finest particles
- the particles in the exhaust gas of stoichiometrically operated combustion engines, such as Otto engines are very small and have an average particle size of less than 1 ⁇ m. Typical particle sizes are in the range from 10 nm to 200 nm. Furthermore, the amount of particles emitted is very small and ranges from 2 mg/km to 4 mg/km.
- particle filters made of ceramic materials such as silicon carbide, aluminum titanate and cordierite have long been proven. These are made up of a large number of parallel channels formed by porous walls.
- the channels are mutually closed at one of the two ends of the filter, thus forming channels A, open on the first side of the filter and closed on the second side of the filter, and channels B, closed on the first side of the filter and are open on the second side of the filter.
- the exhaust gas flowing into channels A for example, can only leave the filter again via channels B and must flow through the porous walls between channels A and B for this purpose.
- the particles retained and the exhaust gas cleaned are referred to as wall flow filters.
- the wall flow filter can be provided with catalytically active coatings that reduce the ignition temperature of soot. It is already known to apply such coatings to the porous walls between the channels (so-called on-wall coating) or to introduce them into the porous walls (so-called in-wall coating).
- EP1657410A2 already describes a combination of both types of coating, i. h part of the catalytically active material is present in the porous walls and another part on the porous walls.
- an exhaust system for cleaning exhaust gases of a predominantly stoichiometrically operated internal combustion engine having a close-coupled TWC1 on a flow-through substrate, a GPF attached downstream of the TWC1 as a wall-flow filter and downstream of the GPF another TWC2 on a flow-through substrate, and the system additionally materials for having temporary storage of nitrogen oxides in a separate coating, this additional material being selected from the group consisting of K2O, Na 2 0, CaO, BaO, MgO, SrO, CeÜ2, ZrÜ2, cerium mixed oxides, zeolites or mixtures thereof, this If more than 50% by weight of the material is present in the coating, it is extremely surprising and advantageous to achieve the objectives set.
- the establishment of a separate nitrogen oxide storage function in the system presented above represents an optimal combination of four functional exhaust gas cleaning components, which allows compliance with future exhaust gas limits and also opens up the possibility of realizing a high degree of total precious metal reduction in the system.
- the additional nitrogen oxide storage oxide function allows nitrogen oxides to be stored temporarily if conversion of the nitrogen oxides via the three-way catalytic converters cannot be ensured at the respective operating point, for example if the operating temperature is too low or there is not enough reducing agent. These temporarily stored nitrogen oxides can then be stored during suitable operating states, i.e. if a sufficient temperature and sufficient reducing agent are guaranteed, be released and implemented. As a result, cold-start emissions of NOx in particular can be effectively reduced.
- the storage capacity of the materials used for nitrogen oxides can be determined according to the procedure mentioned in the experimental part.
- the nitrogen oxide storage capability or capacity referred to in the context of this invention is specified as the quotient of the stored mass of nitrogen oxide per liter of substrate volume installed
- Materials for temporarily storing nitrogen oxides are those that are capable of temporarily storing at least 25 mg NO x per L substrate volume, preferably 50 mg NO x per L substrate volume, and most preferably 75 mg NO x per L substrate volume. These are supplied to the system added in a separate coating. Materials that are already used in the existing catalytic converters in the system and are also able to temporarily store nitrogen oxides should not be taken into account in this regard. They are excluded from the claimed definition (materials that temporarily store nitrogen oxides). For example, cerium or cerium-zirconium mixed oxides are also used in the TWCs, which are also able to temporarily store nitrogen oxides. However, these substances are only able to do so to a limited extent, for example due to their structure or the detailed composition.
- These substances can regularly store less than the amounts of nitrogen oxides specified above.
- the limit value defined above sufficiently ensures differentiation from a conventional system having a TWC1-GPF-TWC2, so that the claim according to the invention relates exclusively to a corresponding system having TWC1-GPF-TWC2, in addition to those already in the catalytic converters
- the materials present in the system that temporarily store nitrogen oxides were added in a separate coating.
- the term “temporary” is understood according to the invention to mean that the storable material can store nitrogen oxides in certain operating states of the exhaust system and, among other things, releases them again or no longer absorbs them. This is the case in classic nitrogen storage catalysts (NSC), which are able to store nitrogen oxides in a certain temperature range and then desorb the nitrogen oxides and reduce them to nitrogen through brief regeneration with a reducing environment.
- NSC classic nitrogen storage catalysts
- the materials to be preferably used are referred to the relevant literature (WO2020058265A1; EP3695902A1; WO2018069199A1).
- the materials that temporarily store nitrogen oxides can also preferably be those that store the nitrogen oxides at a certain temperature and release them again at elevated temperatures without reduction, e.g. as NO2. These are referred to as passive nitrogen oxide absorbers (passive NOx absorbers; PNA).
- the former preferably takes place in a temperature range of 25-150 °C, more preferably 25-175 °C and very preferably 25-200 °C.
- the emission of the nitrogen oxides (more is emitted net than stored) preferably takes place above a temperature of 300.degree. C., more preferably 350.degree. C. and very preferably 400.degree.
- Such materials are well known to those skilled in the art (US2019120109AA; US2018318763AA; US2015266002AA; WO2019134958A1; US2021162382AA).
- the storage materials are associated with noble metals that catalyze the oxidation of NO to NO2. These are in particular the noble metals Pt and / or Pd, individually or together in a specific weight ratio of 1:10-10:1, more preferably 1:8-8:1 and very preferably 1:6-6:1 in the nitrogen oxide storage materials are present.
- the actual materials that temporarily store the nitrogen oxides are well known to those skilled in the art.
- those are used that are selected from the group consisting of K 2 O, Na 2 O, CaO, BaO, MgO, SrO, CeO 2 , ZrO 2 , cerium mixed oxides (in particular with Al 2 O 3 or zirconium oxide), zeolites or mixtures thereof .
- alkaline earth metal oxides such as BaO, CaO, SrO and/or cerium oxide and/or cerium mixed oxides, in particular cerium zirconium mixed oxides, to be mentioned in this context.
- CeO 2 and/or BaO are very particularly preferred.
- nitrate nitrate
- Materials which temporarily store nitrogen oxides which contain more than 0.05, more preferably more than 0.1 and very preferably more than 0.15 mg of nitrogen oxides calculated as NO2 per g of material are able to store (for determination see below). These materials, which temporarily store nitrogen oxides, are present in sufficient quantities in the exhaust system.
- a value of 100-500 g/l, preferably 125-450 g/l and very preferably 150-400 g/l substrate volume has proven to be the preferred amount for the coating which contains the storing materials.
- the material that temporarily stores the nitrogen oxides can be distributed in the exhaust gas cleaning system on one or on the already existing units.
- the corresponding material can be present in zones or layers separate from the catalytically active materials that may already be present on one or more substrates.
- Any nitrogen oxides released by the TWC1 can support the soot burn-off in the downstream GPF (so-called CRT ® reaction).
- CRT ® reaction When using classic nitrogen oxide storage catalyst materials, the nitrogen oxide storage can also be easily regenerated by enriching the exhaust gas on the engine side.
- the TWC1 with the functionality of an NSC and the downstream GPF can possibly be regenerated together by raising the exhaust gas temperature, e.g. the NSC can be desulfurized and the GPF freed from soot (see DE10023439A1)
- the material temporarily storing the nitrogen oxides can also be arranged on a separate flow-through substrate.
- This flow-through substrate KAT
- KAT can be arranged in the exhaust gas cleaning system according to aspects known to those skilled in the art (see FIGS. 1-3).
- An arrangement is preferred in which the KAT is arranged behind the TWC1 and preferably in front of the GPF.
- the advantages are the same as mentioned above for the obliteration of the corresponding material on the TWC1.
- the KAT is arranged at a distance of 30-150 cm, preferably 30-100 cm and most preferably 30-50 cm downstream of the outlet of the TWC1.
- the KAT has a relatively high washcoat loading in g/L, ranging from 100-500 g/L, preferably 125-450 g/L and very preferably 150-400 g/L.
- TWC1, GPF, TWC2, KAT individual substrates of the exhaust gas cleaning system according to the invention
- the individual substrates of the exhaust gas cleaning system according to the invention are in a specific ratio to one another with regard to the size of the volume that they occupy. So is from Advantage if the TWC1 occupies a proportion of the volume of the overall system which is between 20 and 50% by volume, preferably 30-40% by volume.
- the GPF should have a volume fraction of 20-60% by volume, preferably 25-55% by volume, based on the total system.
- the proportion of TWC2 in the overall system should be 10-40% by volume, preferably 15-35% by volume.
- the KAT comprising the material for temporarily storing nitrogen oxides has a proportion of preferably 5-30% by volume, more preferably 10-30% by volume of the total volume of the substrates in the exhaust gas cleaning system understood the external dimensions of the substrates of TWC1, GPF, TWC2 and KAT.
- materials capable of storing oxygen are also added to the materials that temporarily store nitrogen oxides.
- the latter are the oxygen storage materials typically used in TWCs. These act to provide a more oxygen-rich environment that is beneficial for the oxidation of NO to NO2.
- Corresponding materials are described, inter alia, in EP2007682A1, EP 1921044 A2, US6468941B1, US6585944B1 and US20050282698A1. Cerium oxides, cerium-zirconium mixed oxides or cerium or cerium-zirconium mixed oxides doped with La, Y, Pr, Nd are preferably considered in this regard.
- the amount of oxygen-storing material can be measured by a person skilled in the art, but should preferably not be less than 0.2 g/g 0.3 g/g based on the total weight of the materials temporarily storing nitrogen oxides.
- TWC1 and TWC2 are modern three-way catalytic converters.
- the person skilled in the art knows which ones he would use for the present purpose (see e.g. WO2019121994A1, WO2019121995A1, WO9535152A1, WO2008000449A2, EP0885650A2,
- EP1046423A2 EP1726359A1, EP1541220A1, EP1900416B1, EP3045226A1,
- Three-way catalysts essentially consist of the components precious metal, high-surface area carrier oxide and oxygen storage material.
- the oxygen storage materials are in particular those in which cerium/zirconium/rare earth metal mixed oxides occur.
- rare earth metal oxides are lanthanum oxide, yttrium oxide, praseodymium oxide, neodymium oxide, samarium oxide and mixtures of one or more of these metal oxides.
- lanthana, yttrium oxide and a mixture of lanthana and yttrium oxide is very particularly preferred in this connection.
- high-surface area, temperature-stable oxides are usually aluminum oxides, silicon oxides, zirconium oxides or titanium oxides or mixtures thereof.
- Active aluminum oxide in particular is known to the person skilled in the art in this context. It designates net in particular ⁇ -aluminum oxide with a surface area of 100 to 200 m 2 /g. Active aluminum oxide has been widely described in the literature and is available on the market. It usually contains silicon oxide or lanthanum oxide as a stabilizer in an amount of up to 10% by weight, based on the aluminum oxide.
- Three-way catalysts usually contain metals from the platinum group, such as Pt, Pd and Rh, as catalytically active components, with Pd and Rh being particularly preferred.
- the catalytically active metals are often deposited in highly dispersed form on the high-surface oxides and/or the oxygen storage materials. It is particularly preferred if the noble metals are pre-fixed on the oxygen storage material before this is mixed with the other components in the coating mixture.
- Zoned or layered embodiments are now the norm for TWCs.
- at least TWC1 has a 2-layer structure, preferably as described in EP3247493A1.
- the three-way catalysts are preferably applied to a flow-through substrate by a coating step familiar to those skilled in the art.
- Flow-through substrates are conventional catalyst supports made of metal (corrugated carrier, e.g. WO17153239A1, WO16057285A1, WO15121910A1 and literature cited therein) or ceramic materials be able. Refractory ceramics such as cordierite, silicon carbide or aluminum titanate, etc. are preferably used.
- the number of channels per area is characterized by the cell density, which is usually between 300 and 900 cells per square inch (cpsi).
- the wall thickness of the canal walls is between 0.5 - 0.05 mm for ceramics.
- the TWC1 is preferably installed close to the engine. This means that there is only a distance of 1-40 cm between the turbocharger and the inlet-side face of the TWC1.
- the catalytic converter TWC1 is installed 2 - 30 cm and very preferably 3 - 20 cm away from the turbocharger.
- the GPF can be installed at some distance from the TWC1, eg in the underbody of the vehicle. However, an embodiment in which the GPF is installed very close to the outlet end of the TWC1 is preferred.
- the distance between the outlet-side end face of the TWC1 and the GPF is preferably 1-60 cm, more preferably 2-50 cm and very preferably 3-40 cm.
- the TWC2 is either installed directly after the filter in a position close to the engine, or comes in the underbody of the vehicle in the exhaust system. As a result, the temperature load on this TWC differs from that of TWC1. For this reason, the two TWCs can differ in some characteristics.
- the TWC2 preferably has a lower washcoat loading than the TWC1.
- the TWC1 consists of at least 2-4 different three-way catalyst layers or zones, while the TWC2 preferably consists of at least 1-2 three-way catalyst layers or zones.
- the TWCs show a usual washcoat loading. This is preferably 100-400 g/l, more preferably 125-375 g/l and very preferably 150-325 g/l.
- the washcoat loading in g/L of TWC1 is greater than that of TWC2, in particular by a factor of between 1.25-4, more preferably 1.5-3 in g/L on the TWC1 preferably greater than on the TWC2, in particular by a factor of 1.25-20, more preferably 1.5-10.
- the GPF is in the form of a wall flow filter. All ceramic materials customary in the prior art can be used as wall-flow filters. Porous wall-flow filter substrates made of cordierite, silicon carbide or aluminum titanate are preferably used. These wall-flow filter substrates have inflow and outflow channels, with the outflow-side ends of the inflow channels and the inflow-side ends of the outflow channels being offset from one another and sealed with gas-tight “plugs”.
- the exhaust gas to be cleaned which flows through the filter substrate, is forced to pass through the porous wall between the inlet and outlet channels, which results in an excellent particle filter effect.
- the filtration properties for particles can be designed through the porosity, pore/radius distribution and thickness of the wall.
- the catalyst material can be applied to the porous walls of the inflow and outflow channels in the form of the coating suspension according to the invention.
- the porosity of the wall flow filter is usually more than 40%, generally from 40% to 75%, especially from 45% to 70% [measured according to DIN 66133 - latest version on the filing date].
- the average pore size (diameter) is at least 3 ⁇ m, e.g. from 3 ⁇ m to 34 ⁇ m, preferably more than 5 ⁇ m, in particular from 5 ⁇ m to 28 ⁇ m or from 7 ⁇ m to 22 ⁇ m [measured according to DIN 66134, latest version on the filing date].
- the GPF can be used uncoated, with a dry powder coating or with an optionally additional coating produced using wet technology (EP3595796A1, WO2020200394A1,
- the GPF has a higher noble metal concentration in g/L substrate volume than the TWC2.
- the KAT also has a higher precious metal concentration in g/L substrate volume than the TWC2.
- both of the above-mentioned embodiments can also occur reciprocally.
- the TWC2 can be designed in such a way that it only has rhodium as the noble metal.
- the washcoat load is 10-200 g/l, preferably 20-175 g/l and very preferably 25-150 g/l. This means that the washcoat loading g/L of the CAT preferably exceeds that of the GPF. It is advantageous if the function for temporarily storing nitrogen oxides on a separate flow-through substrate (KAT) has a larger washcoat loading in g/L than the GPF.
- EHC Electrode heated catalyst
- TWC1, GPF, TWC2 or KAT catalyst substrates
- TWC1 Due to its positioning in the system, this is the first to reach working temperature. Therefore, the use of electricity is the lowest here, which is extremely preferred with regard to hybrid applications, because the battery can be saved.
- Corresponding EHC systems in hybrid vehicles are known to those skilled in the art (US8776500BB).
- a so-called hydrocarbon trap can be located in the exhaust gas cleaning system according to the invention.
- the HCT absorbs the emitted hydrocarbons from the exhaust gas at low temperatures of less than 200° C., preferably less than 250° C. (net absorption).
- the HCT can be associated with an oxidation catalyst. Platinum and/or palladium and/or rhodium come into consideration as such.
- As configurations and materials for the HCT those from US20190351397AA, US20190351398AA or US20190351393AA come into question in particular. Zeolites such as beta exchanged with a transition metal such as iron or copper are most preferably used as the storage material.
- a system according to the invention which additionally has a catalyst for reducing emissions of NH3 (ammonia slip catalyst; ASC).
- ASC ammonia slip catalyst
- This is preferably used in the rear part of the system according to the invention, particularly preferably on the TWC2.
- This has the task of reducing ammonia, which is formed when nitrogen oxides are overreduced. With oxidizing agents such as oxygen or other nitrogen oxides, ammonia can be converted into harmless nitrogen via this catalyst.
- Such catalysts are well known to those skilled in the art (EP3484602B1).
- the ASC can also reside on the filter (EP3298252A1).
- Also subject of the present invention is a method for cleaning exhaust gases from a predominantly stoichiometrically operated internal combustion engine, in which the exhaust gas is passed through an exhaust gas cleaning system according to one of the preceding claims.
- the preferred and alternative embodiments specified for the system also apply mutatis mutandis to the method
- the system according to the invention also allows the reduction of so-called secondary pollutants, such as NH 3 , N 2 O and others.
- the close-coupled arrangement of the TWC1 enables very high conversion rates for the emission-relevant pollutants CO, HC and NOx.
- the additional TWC2 can have a supporting effect and help to ensure the high conversion rates of CO, HC and NOx, especially at operating points with high loads and exhaust gas mass flows.
- Fig. 2 Shows a KAT according to the invention in the position in front of the TWC2.
- Fig. 3 shows a KAT according to the invention in the position close to the engine.
- Fig 4 Determination of the nitrogen oxide storage capacity
- Figure 5 Average bag emissions for THC/NMHC/CO/NOx of the two exhaust aftertreatment systems TWC-GPF-TWC and TWC-GPF-TWC+KAT in comparison.
- the nitrogen oxide storage capability/capacity is determined experimentally in a flow tube reactor.
- a drill core is taken as a test specimen from the area of the catalyst substrate whose nitrogen oxide storage capacity is to be determined.
- a drill core with a diameter of 1 inch and a length of 3 inches is preferably taken as the test specimen.
- the drill core is inserted into the flow tube reactor and subjected to rich/lean cycles of 10 seconds each at a temperature of 650 °C in a gas atmosphere of 500 ppm nitrogen monoxide, 7% by volume oxygen, 10% by volume water, 10% by volume carbon dioxide , 50 ppm hydrocarbons (propane/propene 17/33) and the remainder nitrogen in the lean phases and a gas atmosphere of 500 ppm nitrogen monoxide, 55000 ppm carbon monoxide, 1% by volume oxygen, 10% by volume water, 10% by volume carbon dioxide, 50 ppm hydrocarbons (propane/propene 17/33) and balance nitrogen in the fat phases conditioned at a space velocity of 50000 Ir 1 for 15 minutes.
- the nitrogen oxide storage capacity is increased by adding a gas mixture of 500 ppm nitrogen monoxide, 8% by volume oxygen , 10% by volume water and 10% by volume carbon dioxide at a space velocity of 30000 h _1 determined. This gas mixture remains switched on until the NOx conversion over the test object is less than 10%.
- This sequence is also shown in FIG. The value determined in this way represents the maximum storage quantity of the nitrogen storage catalytic converter. It is related to the total substrate volume in the targeted system.
- a Euro 6 petrol vehicle with a 1.5L DI engine was equipped with an exhaust system artificially aged to end-of-life consisting of a first TWC close to the engine with a catalyst volume of 1.26L (substrate dimensions 118.4mmx114.3mm) and a conventional three-way coating with 1.77 g/L precious metal (0/92/8 Pt/Pd/Rh), an uncoated GPF with 1.39L catalyst volume (substrate dimensions 132.1mmx101.6mm) arranged on the downstream side and a second TWC arranged in the underbody 1.26L catalytic converter volume (substrate dimensions 118.4mmx114.3mm) and a conventional three-way coating with 0.83 g/L precious metal (0/80/20 Pt/Pd/Rh) and driven on a roller dynamometer in an RTS aggressive driving cycle .
- This system is referred to as a TWC-GPF-TWC reference system and has a total substrate volume of 3.9 L.
- the emissions of THC, NMHC, CO, NOx, NH 3 and N 2 O were measured, and the measurement technology to be used is known to those skilled in the art . The mean value from several measurements is shown in each case.
- TWC-GPF-TWC+CAT system compared to that of the TWC-GPF-TWC reference system.
- TWC2 or TWC2/KAT there is an advantage in terms of nitrogen oxide conversion and, surprisingly, also hydrocarbon emissions for the system according to the invention.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
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US18/580,496 US20240318587A1 (en) | 2021-07-21 | 2022-07-11 | Exhaust gas purification system for purifying exhaust gases of internal combustion engines |
EP22748323.7A EP4373613A1 (de) | 2021-07-21 | 2022-07-11 | Abgasreinigungssystem zur reinigung von abgasen von benzinmotoren |
CN202280050326.8A CN117751012A (zh) | 2021-07-21 | 2022-07-11 | 用于净化内燃机的废气的废气净化系统 |
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DE102021118801.6 | 2021-07-21 | ||
DE102021118801.6A DE102021118801A1 (de) | 2021-07-21 | 2021-07-21 | Abgasreinigungssystem zur Reinigung von Abgasen von Benzinmotoren |
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WO2023001617A1 true WO2023001617A1 (de) | 2023-01-26 |
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PCT/EP2022/069288 WO2023001617A1 (de) | 2021-07-21 | 2022-07-11 | Abgasreinigungssystem zur reinigung von abgasen von benzinmotoren |
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US (1) | US20240318587A1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP4373613A1 (de) |
CN (1) | CN117751012A (de) |
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WO (1) | WO2023001617A1 (de) |
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EP4373613A1 (de) | 2024-05-29 |
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US20240318587A1 (en) | 2024-09-26 |
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