WO2023099281A1

WO2023099281A1 - Composite pane with a reflective layer applied in regions

Info

Publication number: WO2023099281A1
Application number: PCT/EP2022/082789
Authority: WO
Inventors: Andreas GOMER; Valentin SCHULZ; Bernard Nghiem
Original assignee: Saint-Gobain Glass France
Priority date: 2021-12-02
Filing date: 2022-11-22
Publication date: 2023-06-08
Also published as: DE202022002949U1; CN116547141A

Abstract

The invention relates to a composite pane (100), at least comprising an outer pane (1), a thermoplastic intermediate layer (3), an inner pane (2), a masking layer (4) which is arranged in a region of the composite pane (100), an adhesive layer (5), and a glass pane (6) with an external-side surface (V) and an internal-side surface (VI) and a thickness of 20 to 500 µm. The inner pane (2) is arranged between the outer pane (1) and the glass pane (6), the thermoplastic intermediate layer (3) is arranged between the outer pane (1) and the inner pane (2), the adhesive layer (5) is arranged between the inner pane (2) and the glass pane (6), a reflective layer (7) for reflecting light is arranged on the external-side surface (V) of the glass pane (6) and/or on the internal-side surface (VI) of the glass pane (6), and the glass pane (6) is arranged in a region of the composite pane (100) which lies entirely in the region in which the masking layer (4) is arranged with a perpendicular view through the composite pane (100).

Description

COMPOSITE PANEL WITH A REFLECTIVE COATING IN AREA

The invention relates to a laminated pane with a reflective layer applied in certain areas, a method for its production and its use, and a projection arrangement.

Modern automobiles are increasingly being equipped with so-called head-up displays (HUDs). Images are projected onto the windshield with a projector, typically in the area of the dashboard, where they are reflected and perceived by the driver as a virtual image (from his perspective) behind the windshield. In this way, important information can be projected into the driver's field of vision, for example the current driving speed, navigation or warning information, which the driver can perceive without having to take his eyes off the road. Head-up displays can thus make a significant contribution to increasing road safety.

JP H0943530 A, US 2009/295681 A1, WO 2021/145387A1, US 2019/285882A1, EP 3429 844 81 and CN 113 238 377 A disclose HUD projection arrangements

However, head-up displays often have the problem that the area of the windshield intended for reflecting the light projected by the projector must have a high level of transparency, generally at least 70%. The reflected light of the projector is therefore superimposed by light from the external environment, which, depending on the lighting conditions, can lead to a reduction in contrast in the virtual image and thus to poorer visual perceptibility for the driver. Sufficient visual perceptibility of information that is particularly relevant to safety, such as lane assistance, speedometer or engine speed, should be guaranteed in all weather and light conditions. It would be desirable to have a projection arrangement based on head-up display technology in which no unwanted secondary images occur and whose arrangement can be implemented relatively easily with good visibility and sufficient brightness and contrast of the displayed image information. In order to achieve this, it is necessary to increase the contrast in the reflective area of the windshield. The increase in contrast can be achieved, for example, in that the background of the reflection area is largely or completely opaque. However, such solutions require that a reflective layer is applied only in a locally limited area of the windshield. Metallic, reflective coatings are usually applied to glass panes by means of sputtering, in particular magnetron sputtering. In sputtering, atoms are released from a target, such as a metallic material, by being bombarded with ions. Using physical vapor deposition, the glass pane is coated with the atoms released from the target in an evacuated chamber. The atoms move, guided by electric fields, through the chamber towards the glass pane. So they move from the cathode, on which the target is arranged, towards the anode. Due to the arrangement of the glass pane between the cathode and the anode, layers form on the glass pane. In the case of magnetron sputtering, an additional magnetic field is arranged behind the cathode, which leads to faster layer growth and a denser, i.e. less porous, layer. Methods in which sputtering is used to coat glass panes are known, for example, from WO 9900528A1, DE 10126868C1 and WO 2017198363A1.

Magnetron sputtering also lends itself to the coating of glass panes because, unlike many other coating technologies, it can also be used when the glass pane is curved, as is the case, for example, with panes intended for the automotive sector. A disadvantage of sputtering, however, is that without special precautions, only certain surface areas cannot be selectively coated, but only the entire surface. The selective coating of only certain surface areas can be implemented, for example, by complex masking of the areas that are not to be coated.

Cold gas spraying is also a suitable method for coating glass panes and is a coating method which is well known to those skilled in the art and in which a metallic powder is applied to a carrier at very high speed. Methods for coating by means of cold gas spraying are known, for example, from WO 2010/003396 A1, EP 3 845 685 A1 and EP 2 902 530 A1.

WO 2019/186495 A1 discloses a laminated glass with at least one stepped functional section, which comprises two stacks of components, the main stack of components, in which the change in its properties is not desired, and a second component stack, which comprises a functional layer. The functional layer can be selected from the group consisting of switchable film, switchable layers, Displays, lighting devices, touch-sensitive layers, sensor layers, light sensors, acoustic sensors, acoustic PVB layers, heat-reflecting films and heat-absorbing films.

The object of the present invention is to provide an improved laminated pane with a reflective layer applied in certain areas. In particular, the laminated pane should be easy to manufacture.

The object of the present invention is achieved according to the invention by a laminated pane according to claim 1 . Preferred embodiments emerge from the dependent claims.

The laminated pane according to the invention comprises an outer pane, a thermoplastic intermediate layer, a masking layer, an inner pane, an adhesive layer and a glass pane. The thermoplastic intermediate layer is arranged between the outer pane and the inner pane and the adhesive layer is arranged between the inner pane and the glass pane. According to the invention, the masking layer is arranged in an area of the laminated pane and the glass pane is arranged in an area of the laminated pane which, when viewed perpendicularly through the laminated pane, lies completely in the area in which the masking layer is arranged.

The laminated pane is intended to separate the interior from the outside environment in a window opening of a vehicle. In the context of the invention, the inner pane refers to the pane of the laminated pane facing the vehicle interior. The outer pane refers to the pane facing the outside environment.

The laminated pane has, in particular, an upper edge and a lower edge, as well as two side edges running in between. The top edge designates that edge which is intended to point upwards in the installation position. The lower edge designates that edge which is intended to point downwards in the installation position. In the case of a windshield, the top edge is often referred to as the roof edge and the bottom edge as the engine edge. The outer pane, the inner pane and the glass pane each have an outside and an inside surface and a peripheral side edge running therebetween. Within the meaning of the invention, the outside surface designates that main surface which is intended to face the external environment in the installed position. Within the meaning of the invention, the interior-side surface designates that main surface which is intended to face the interior in the installed position. The interior surface of the outer pane and the outside surface of the inner pane face each other and are connected to one another by the thermoplastic intermediate layer.

The outside surface of the outer pane is referred to as side I. The surface of the outer pane on the interior side is referred to as side II. The outside surface of the inner pane is referred to as Side III. The interior side surface of the inner pane is referred to as side IV. The outside surface of the glass sheet is referred to as side V. The interior side surface of the glass panel is referred to as side VI.

It goes without saying that the inner pane is arranged between the outer pane and the glass pane. The inside surface of the outer pane and the outside surface of the inner pane face each other. The inside surface of the inner panel and the outside surface of the glass panel face each other.

According to the invention, the glass pane has a thickness of 20 μm (microns) to 500 μm. The glass pane is therefore a pane of ultra-thin glass. Such a pane of ultra-thin glass is flexible and can be adjusted to the curvature of a pane.

In addition, according to the invention, a reflection layer for reflecting light is arranged on the outside surface of the glass pane and/or on the interior-side surface of the glass pane.

When the laminated pane is installed in a vehicle, the reflective layer is at a smaller distance from the vehicle interior than the masking layer. Due to the fact that the glass pane is arranged in an area of the laminated pane which, when viewed perpendicularly through the laminated pane, lies completely in the area in which the masking layer is arranged, the reflection layer applied to the glass pane is also arranged in an area which in a vertical view through the laminated pane lies entirely in the area in which the masking layer is arranged. The reflection layer is thus arranged in a vertical view through the composite pane or in an orthogonal projection through the composite pane in a covering or overlapping relationship with the masking layer. The reflective layer thus has no section that does not overlap the masking layer, ie the reflective layer is only formed where it is located in front of the masking layer as viewed on the inside of the laminated pane.

In a preferred embodiment of the laminated pane according to the invention, the glass pane has a thickness of from 50 μm to 300 μm, preferably from 50 μm to 100 μm, for example 70 μm.

As described above, the reflection layer is a reflection layer for reflecting light. The reflection layer is preferably opaque or partially translucent, which means in the context of the invention that it has an average transmission (according to ISO 9050:2003) in the visible spectral range of preferably at most 80%, particularly preferably at most 50% and in particular less than 10%. The reflective layer preferably reflects at least 10%, particularly preferably at least 50%, very particularly preferably at least 80% and in particular at least 90% of the light impinging on the reflective layer. The reflection layer preferably reflects p-polarized and s-polarized light in equal proportions, but it can also reflect p-polarized light and s-polarized light to different degrees.

The light reflected by the reflection layer is preferably visible light, i.e. light in a wavelength range from approx. 380 nm to 780 nm. The reflection layer preferably has a high and uniform degree of reflection (over different angles of incidence) compared to p-polarized and/or s-polarized radiation on, so that a high-intensity and color-neutral image display is guaranteed.

The specification of the direction of polarization refers to the plane of incidence of the radiation on the laminated pane. With p-polarized radiation radiation is referred to, whose electric field oscillates in the plane of incidence. S-polarized radiation is radiation whose electric field oscillates perpendicular to the plane of incidence. The plane of incidence is spanned by the incidence vector and the surface normal of the laminated pane in the geometric center of the irradiated area.

In other words, the polarization, ie in particular the proportion of p- and s-polarized radiation, is determined at a point in the area irradiated by the image display device, preferably in the geometric center of the irradiated area. Since composite panes can be curved (for example when they are designed as windshields), which affects the plane of incidence of the image display device radiation, slightly different polarization components can occur in the other areas, which is unavoidable for physical reasons.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the reflective layer is a metallic layer, i.e. a layer containing or consisting of metal.

The reflection layer preferably contains at least one metal selected from a group consisting of aluminum, magnesium, tin, indium titanium, tantalum, niobium, nickel, copper, chromium, cobalt, iron, manganese, zirconium, cerium, scandium yttrium, silver, gold, Platinum and palladium, ruthenium or mixtures thereof. Aluminum, titanium, and/or nickel are preferred because they can exhibit high reflectance for p-polarized or s-polarized light. In particular, aluminum is preferred.

The reflection layer preferably has a thickness of 10 nm (nanometers) to 100 μm (micrometers), particularly preferably from 50 nm to 50 μm, in particular from 100 nm to 5 μm.

In a particular embodiment of the invention, the reflection layer is a coating containing a thin layer stack, ie a layer sequence of thin individual layers. This thin layer stack contains one or more electrically conductive layers based on nickel, titanium and/or aluminum. The electrically conductive layer based on nickel, titanium and/or aluminum gives the reflective layer basic reflective properties and also an IR-reflecting effect and electrical conductivity. The electrically conductive layer is based on nickel, titanium and/or aluminum. The conductive layer preferably contains at least 90% by weight nickel, titanium and/or aluminum, particularly preferably at least 99% by weight aluminum, very particularly preferably at least 99.9% by weight nickel, titanium and/or aluminum. The layer based on aluminum, nickel and/or titanium can have dopings, for example palladium, gold, copper or silver. Materials based on aluminum, nickel and/or titanium are particularly suitable for reflecting light, particularly preferably p-polarized light. The use of nickel, titanium and/or aluminum in metallic coatings has proven particularly advantageous for the reflection of light. Aluminum, nickel and/or titanium are significantly cheaper than many other metals such as gold or silver. The individual layers of the thin-layer stack preferably have a thickness of 10 nm to 1 μm. The thin layer stack preferably has 2 to 20 individual layers and in particular 5 to 10 individual layers.

As described above, in the laminated pane according to the invention, a masking layer is arranged in one area of the laminated pane. The masking layer is preferably arranged in an edge region of the composite pane, which typically borders on the edge of the pane. The great advantage of this arrangement arises when the composite pane is used as a windshield in a vehicle, since the masking layer is located in an edge area outside the driver's main viewing area.

The masking layer is preferably arranged at least along the bottom edge and adjacent to the bottom edge. In the top view of the laminated pane, this results in a rectangular opaque stripe which is arranged along the lower edge.

In a particularly preferred embodiment of the laminated pane according to the invention, the masking layer is designed to run around the circumference in the shape of a frame. In a section in which the glass pane and thus also the reflection layer applied to it is arranged in overlap with the masking layer, the frame-shaped masking layer is preferably provided with a widening, ie has a greater width (dimension perpendicular to the extension) than in other sections. In this way, the masking layer can be suitably adapted to the dimensions of the glass pane with the reflection layer applied thereto. In one embodiment, the masking layer is thus formed in the shape of a frame all the way around and has a greater width, in particular in a section that overlaps the glass pane, than in sections that differ therefrom.

The glass pane with the reflective layer applied thereon preferably has essentially the shape of a rectangle, which extends in an area close to the lower edge between the two side edges. Particularly preferably, the edges of the glass pane do not reach the side edges and the bottom edge, but are spaced from them, for example, by 2 cm to 5 cm.

The masking layer within the meaning of the invention is a layer that prevents the view through the laminated pane. In this case, a transmission of at most 5%, preferably at most 2%, particularly preferably at most 1%, in particular at most 0.1%, of the light of the visible spectrum takes place through the masking layer. The masking layer is therefore an opaque masking layer, preferably a black masking layer.

The masking layer is preferably a coating of one or more layers. Alternatively, the masking layer can also be a colored area of the thermoplastic intermediate layer. According to a preferred embodiment of the laminated pane, the masking layer consists of a single layer. This has the advantage of particularly simple and cost-effective production of the laminated pane, since only a single layer has to be formed for the masking layer.

The masking layer is, in particular, an opaque cover print made from a dark, preferably black, enamel.

In a preferred embodiment, the masking layer is designed as a first opaque covering print arranged on the interior-side surface of the outer pane, in particular made of a dark, preferably black, enamel.

In an alternative preferred embodiment, the masking layer is designed as a first opaque covering print arranged on the outside surface of the inner pane, in particular made of a dark, preferably black, enamel. In an alternative preferred embodiment, the masking layer is formed as an opaque colored area of the thermoplastic intermediate layer.

In one embodiment, the thermoplastic intermediate layer is formed in one piece and is colored opaque in one area.

A masking layer formed as an opaque colored portion of the thermoplastic intermediate layer can also be realized by using a thermoplastic intermediate layer composed of an opaque thermoplastic film and a transparent thermoplastic film. The opaque thermoplastic film and the transparent thermoplastic film are preferably offset from one another, so that both films do not overlap when viewed through the laminated pane. The transparent and the opaque film consist of the same plastic or preferably contain the same plastic. The materials on the basis of which the opaque film and the transparent film can be formed are those that are also described for the thermoplastic intermediate layer. The opaque film is preferably a colored film, which can have different colors, in particular black.

The laminated pane according to the invention can additionally have a second opaque covering print arranged on the interior-side surface of the inner pane, in particular at least in the region in which the glass pane is arranged. Such a masking print on the interior-side surface of the inner pane improves the adhesion properties of the surface compared to an adhesive layer. The second opaque cover print is preferably in the form of a frame.

In a preferred embodiment of the laminated pane according to the invention, a reflection layer for reflecting light is arranged on the interior-side surface of the glass pane, and a protective layer is arranged on this reflection layer.

In a further preferred embodiment of the laminated pane according to the invention, a reflection layer for reflecting light is arranged both on the interior-side surface of the glass pane and on the outside surface of the glass pane, and on that reflection layer which is arranged on the interior-side surface of the glass pane there is a protective layer arranged. For the reflective layer arranged on the outside surface of the glass pane, no Protective layer necessary because this reflective layer is connected to the inner pane via the adhesive layer and is therefore protected. Optionally, however, a protective layer can also be arranged on the reflection layer arranged on the outside surface of the glass pane.

The protective layer is preferably transparent and flat, in particular congruently, applied to the reflection layer. The protective layer is preferably a polymer based on polyacrylates, polyoximes, alkyd resins, polyurethanes or mixtures thereof. The protective layer preferably has a thickness of 50 nm to 10 μm and particularly preferably 100 nm to 5 μm.

The protective layer protects the reflection layer from mechanical damage such as scratches. It can also serve to increase the durability of the reflective layer. With the protective layer, fewer metal particles separate over time and the reflective layer of the glass pane retains its shape for longer.

In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the protective layer is an easy-to-clean layer and/or an "anti-fingerprint" layer. “Easy-to-clean layer” in the context of the invention means that dirt in the form of, for example, fingerprints, grease stains and dirt particles on the protective layer can be removed from the protective layer by using a cloth, preferably a microfiber cloth. Grease-dissolving or scouring cleaning agents and solvents, for example based on alcohol, are therefore largely avoided when cleaning the protective layer. In the context of the invention, “anti-fingerprint” layer means a layer in which fingerprints adhering to the protective layer are optically hardly perceptible or not at all. Fingerprints mean, in particular, the fatty components of a human finger that remain on a surface when it is touched and can have an unaesthetic effect.

Preferably the adhesive layer is a thermoplastic layer or an optically clear adhesive (OCA).

Suitable optically clear adhesives, so-called optically clear adhesives (OCA), are known to the person skilled in the art. An adhesive layer designed as a thermoplastic layer contains at least one thermoplastic polymer, preferably ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), polyvinyl butyral (PVB) or polyurethane (PU) or mixtures or copolymers or derivatives thereof, particularly preferably PVB. The thermoplastic layer is typically formed from a thermoplastic film (bonding film). The thickness of the thermoplastic layer is preferably from 0.2 mm to 2 mm, particularly preferably from 0.3 mm to 1 mm, for example 760 μm. The thermoplastic layer can be formed by a single film or by more than one film.

The laminated pane is preferably curved in one or more spatial directions, as is customary for motor vehicle panes, with typical radii of curvature being in the range from about 10 cm to about 40 m. However, the composite pane can also be flat, for example if it is intended as a pane for buses, trains or tractors.

The thermoplastic intermediate layer, via which the outer pane is connected to the inner pane, contains at least one thermoplastic polymer, preferably ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), polyvinyl butyral (PVB) or polyurethane (PU) or mixtures or copolymers or derivatives thereof, particularly preferably PVB. The thermoplastic intermediate layer is typically formed from a thermoplastic film (connecting film). The thickness of the thermoplastic intermediate layer is preferably from 0.2 mm to 2 mm, particularly preferably from 0.3 mm to 1 mm, for example 760 μm. The thermoplastic intermediate layer can be formed by a single film or by more than one film. The thermoplastic intermediate layer can also be a film with functional properties, for example a film with acoustically damping properties.

The outer pane and inner pane preferably contain or consist of glass, particularly preferably flat glass, float glass, quartz glass, borosilicate glass, soda-lime glass, alumino-silicate glass, or clear plastics, preferably rigid clear plastics, in particular polyethylene, polypropylene, polycarbonate, polymethyl methacrylate , polystyrene, polyamide, polyester, polyvinyl chloride and/or mixtures thereof.

The outer pane and the inner pane can be clear and colorless, but also tinted or tinted. In a preferred embodiment, the total transmission through a laminated pane designed as a windshield is in the main viewing area greater than 70% (illuminant A). The term total transmission refers to the procedure specified by ECE-R 43, Appendix 3, Section 9.1 for testing the light transmittance of motor vehicle windows. The outer pane and the inner pane can be unprestressed, partially prestressed or prestressed independently of one another. If at least one of the panes is to have a prestress, this can be a thermal or chemical prestress.

The thickness of the outer pane and the inner pane can vary widely and can thus be adapted to the requirements of the individual case. The outer pane and the inner pane preferably have thicknesses of 0.5 mm to 5 mm, particularly preferably 1 mm to 3 mm, very particularly preferably 1.6 mm to 2.1 mm. For example, the outer pane has a thickness of 2.1 mm and the inner pane has a thickness of 1.6 mm. However, the outer pane or in particular the inner pane can also be thin glass with a thickness of, for example, 0.55 mm.

The glass pane preferably contains or consists of alumino-silicate glass, borosilicate glass, alumino-borosilicate glass. The glass sheet can be toughened, heat strengthened or not toughened.

The laminated pane according to the invention can comprise one or more additional intermediate layers, in particular functional intermediate layers. An additional intermediate layer can be, in particular, an intermediate layer with acoustically damping properties, an intermediate layer that reflects infrared radiation, an intermediate layer that absorbs infrared radiation, an intermediate layer that absorbs UV radiation, an intermediate layer that is colored at least in sections and/or an intermediate layer that is tinted at least in sections. If several additional intermediate layers are present, these can also have different functions.

The invention also relates to a projection arrangement at least comprising a laminated pane according to the invention and an imaging unit directed onto the reflection layer.

According to the invention, a projection arrangement is therefore also at least comprising a laminated pane, at least comprising an outer pane with an outside surface and an inside surface thermoplastic interlayer, an inner pane having an outside surface and an inside surface, a masking layer disposed in a region of the composite pane between the outer pane and the inner pane, an adhesive layer, and a glass pane having an outside surface and an inside surface and a thickness of 20 pm to 500 pm, wherein the inner pane is arranged between the outer pane and the glass pane, the thermoplastic interlayer is arranged between the outer pane and the inner pane, the adhesive layer is arranged between the inner pane and the glass pane, on the outside surface of the glass pane and/or on a reflection layer for reflecting light is arranged on the interior-side surface of the glass pane, and wherein the glass pane is arranged in an area of the composite pane which, when looking through the composite pane perpendicularly, lies completely in the area in which the masking layer is arranged, and one on the Reflective layer directional imaging unit.

In particular, the combination of the reflective layer with the view of a

The masking layer lying behind the vehicle occupants brings about good visibility of the image in a projection arrangement according to the invention, even in the event of external solar radiation and when using weak imaging units. Even under these circumstances, the image formed by the imaging unit appears bright and is excellent in visibility. This enables a reduction in the performance of the imaging unit and thus reduced energy consumption.

From the perspective of a vehicle occupant, the reflection layer is arranged spatially in front of the masking layer when viewed through the inner pane. The region of the laminated pane in which the reflection layer is arranged appears opaque as a result. The expression “looking through the laminated pane” means looking through the laminated pane, starting from the interior surface of the laminated pane. For the purposes of the present invention, “spatially in front of” means that the reflection layer is arranged spatially further away from the outside surface of the outer pane than the masking layer. The masking layer is preferably widened at least in the area that overlaps with the reflection layer and in which the laminated pane is used to display images. This means that the masking layer in this Viewed perpendicularly to the closest section of the peripheral edge of the laminated pane, the area has a greater width than in other sections. In this way, the masking layer can be adapted to the dimensions of the reflection layer.

The imaging unit of the projection arrangement emits light and is arranged in the vicinity of the interior surface of the inner pane in such a way that the imaging unit irradiates this surface, with the light being reflected by the reflection layer of the laminated pane. The reflective layer preferably reflects at least 10%, particularly preferably at least 50%, very particularly preferably at least 80% and in particular at least 90% of the light impinging on the reflective layer in a wavelength range of 400 nm to 700 nm and angles of incidence of 55° to 80°. This is advantageous in order to achieve the greatest possible brightness of an image emitted by the imaging unit and reflected on the reflection layer.

The imaging unit is used to emit an image, so it can also be referred to as a projector, display device or image display device. For example, a display or another device known to a person skilled in the art can also be used as the imaging unit. The imaging unit is preferably a display, particularly preferably an LCD display, LED display, OLED display or electroluminescent display, in particular an LCD display. Displays have a low installation height and can therefore be easily and space-savingly integrated into the dashboard of a vehicle. In addition, displays are much more energy-efficient to operate than other imaging units. The comparatively lower brightness of displays is completely sufficient in the combination of the reflection layer according to the invention and with the masking layer lying behind it. The radiation from the imaging unit preferably strikes the laminated pane in the area of the reflection layer at an angle of incidence of 55° to 80°, preferably 62° to 77°. The angle of incidence is the angle between the incidence vector of the radiation of the image display device and the surface normal at the geometric center of the reflective layer.

The fact that the reflection layer is arranged on the outside surface and/or the inside surface of a glass pane glued to the inside surface of the inner pane with a thickness of 20 μm to 500 μm avoids the occurrence of a disturbing ghost image. In a projection arrangement having a reflective sheet provided on the interior side surface of the glass pane, the desired virtual image is formed by reflection on the reflective sheet and no ghost image occurs.

In a projection arrangement with a reflection layer applied to the outside surface of the glass pane, the desired virtual image is generated by reflection on the reflection layer and a second virtual image, the so-called ghost image or "ghost" is also generated by reflection on the interior surface of the glass pane.

In a projection arrangement with a reflection layer attached to the outside surface of the glass pane and a reflection layer attached to the inside surface of the glass pane, a first virtual image is generated by reflection on the reflection layer attached to the outside surface of the glass pane and a second virtual image is also generated generated by the reflection layer applied to the inside surface of the glass pane.

However, given the small thicknesses for the glass pane according to the invention, the spatial offset between the first virtual image and the ghost image or between the first virtual image and the second virtual image is small enough not to be noticeable. The effect is based on the typical angular visual acuity of the human eye: the thin glass pane according to the invention leads to an offset between the first virtual image and the ghost image or between the first virtual image and the second virtual image, which the human eye can no longer resolve.

The preferred configurations of the composite pane according to the invention described above also apply correspondingly to the projection arrangement according to the invention comprising a composite pane according to the invention and an imaging unit and vice versa.

Also according to the invention is a method for producing a composite pane according to the invention, at least comprising: a) providing a composite of an outer pane with an outside surface and an inside surface, a thermoplastic Intermediate layer and an inner pane with an outside surface and an inside surface, wherein the thermoplastic intermediate layer is arranged between the outer pane and the inner pane and a masking layer is arranged between the outer pane and the inner pane in a region; b) providing a glass pane with an outside surface and an inside surface, wherein a reflection layer for reflecting light is arranged on the outside surface of the glass pane and/or on the inside surface of the glass pane; c) Connecting the glass pane to the inner pane of the composite via an adhesive layer to form a composite pane in such a way that the glass pane is arranged in an area of the composite pane which, when viewed perpendicularly through the composite pane, is completely in the area in which the masking layer is arranged.

Steps a) and b) can be carried out in the order given, simultaneously or in reverse order. Step c) takes place after steps a) and b).

As explained above, the glass pane is arranged in a region of the laminated pane which, when viewed perpendicularly through the laminated pane, lies entirely in the region in which the masking layer is arranged. The outer dimensions of the glass pane are therefore smaller than the outer pane and the inner pane of the laminated pane. The glass pane can be provided in step b) by applying a reflective layer over the entire surface of the interior surface and/or the outside surface of an uncoated glass pane with the desired dimensions.

Alternatively, the glass pane can also be provided in step b) by applying a reflective layer over the entire surface of the interior surface and/or the outside surface of an uncoated glass pane, which is larger than desired in terms of the external dimensions, i.e. the width and length, and then a section is cut out of such a coated glass pane, for example by means of a laser cutting process, which has the desired dimensions.

A reflection layer can be selectively arranged in a region of the laminated pane via the glass pane provided with the reflection layer. The provision of the glass pane in step b) can additionally include the application of a protective layer to the reflection layer applied to the interior surface and/or the exterior surface. The protective layer is preferably applied to the reflection layer by means of spraying or spraying, for example with a pressure atomizer.

If the composite pane is to be curved, a curved outer pane and a curved inner pane are used when the composite is provided in step a). The glass pane with the reflection layer is flexible due to the small thickness of the glass pane and adapts to the curved inner pane of the assembly in step c). This is an advantage of the method according to the invention. In the method according to the invention, the coating with the reflection layer takes place on a planar substrate.

The composite can be provided in step a) by means of lamination methods familiar to the person skilled in the art.

When preparing the glass pane in step b), the reflection layer can be applied by means of generally known coating processes, such as magnetron sputtering or cold gas spraying.

The preferred configurations of the laminated pane according to the invention described above also apply correspondingly to methods for producing a laminated pane according to the invention.

The invention also relates to the use of a composite pane according to the invention as a vehicle pane in means of transport for traffic on land, in the air or on water, in particular in motor vehicles and in particular as a windshield for a head-up display.

The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to drawings and exemplary embodiments. The drawings are schematic representations and not to scale. The drawings do not limit the invention in any way.

Show it: Fig. 1 is a top view of an embodiment of an inventive

laminated pane,

Fig. 2 shows a cross section through the embodiment shown in Fig. 1,

3 shows a cross section through a further embodiment of one according to the invention

laminated pane,

4 shows a cross section through a further embodiment of one according to the invention

laminated pane,

5 shows a cross section through a further embodiment of one according to the invention

laminated pane,

6 shows a cross section through a further embodiment of one according to the invention

laminated pane,

7 shows a cross section through a further embodiment of one according to the invention

laminated pane,

8 shows a cross section through a further embodiment of one according to the invention

laminated pane,

9 shows a cross section through a further embodiment of one according to the invention

laminated pane,

10 shows a cross section through a further embodiment of one according to the invention

laminated pane,

11 shows a cross section through a further embodiment of one according to the invention

laminated pane,

12 shows a cross section through a further embodiment of one according to the invention

laminated pane,

13 shows a cross section through a further embodiment of one according to the invention

laminated pane,

14 shows a cross section through a further embodiment of one according to the invention

laminated pane,

15 shows a cross section through a further embodiment of one according to the invention

laminated pane,

16 shows a cross-section through an embodiment of a device according to the invention

projection arrangement,

17 shows a plan view of a further embodiment of a laminated pane according to the invention,

FIG. 18 shows a cross section through the embodiment shown in FIG. 17 and 19 shows an exemplary embodiment of a method according to the invention using a flow chart.

FIG. 1 shows a plan view of an embodiment of a composite pane 100 according to the invention, and FIG. 2 shows the cross section through the composite pane 100 shown in FIG. 1 along the section line X-X'. The composite pane 100 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 has an upper edge O, a lower edge U and two side edges S and comprises an outer pane 1 with an outside surface I and an inside surface II, an inner pane 2 with an outside surface III and a interior surface IV, a thermoplastic intermediate layer 3, a masking layer 4, an adhesive layer 5 and a glass pane 6 having an exterior surface V and an interior surface VI. The thermoplastic intermediate layer 3 is arranged between the outer pane 1 and the inner pane 2 , the inner pane 2 is arranged between the outer pane 1 and the glass pane 6 and the adhesive layer 5 is arranged between the inner pane 2 and the glass pane 6 . The outer pane 1, the thermoplastic intermediate layer 3 and the inner pane 2 are arranged one on top of the other over their entire surface. The masking layer 4 is arranged between the outer pane 1 and the inner pane 2 in a region of the laminated pane 100 . In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the masking layer 4 is designed as a first opaque covering print arranged on the interior surface II of the outer pane 1 and is only arranged in an edge region of the laminated pane 100 adjoining the lower edge U. The glass pane 6 is arranged in a region of the laminated pane 100 which, when looking through the laminated pane 100 perpendicularly, lies entirely in the region in which the masking layer 4 is arranged. The outer dimensions of the glass pane 6 are therefore smaller than the inner pane 2 . The outside surface V of the glass pane 6 is connected via the adhesive layer 5 to the interior surface IV of the inner pane 2 . In the embodiment shown in FIG. 2 , a reflection layer 7 for reflecting light is arranged on the interior-side surface VI of the glass pane 6 .

The glass pane 6 consists, for example, of alumino-silicate glass and has a thickness of 70 μm. The thermoplastic intermediate layer 3 contains, for example, PVB and has a thickness of 0.76 mm. The outer pane 1 consists, for example, of soda-lime glass and is 2.1 mm thick. The inner pane 2 consists, for example, of soda-lime glass and is 1.6 mm thick. The adhesive layer 5 is, for example, an optically clear adhesive.

The reflection layer 7 is, for example, a metallic layer with a thickness of 100 nm and contains aluminum.

In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the masking layer 4 extends between the two side edges S of the composite pane 100 and, starting from the bottom edge U of the composite pane 100, has a width of 30 cm, for example.

It is understood that the composite pane 100 can have any suitable geometric shape and/or curvature. Typically, the composite panel 100 is a curved composite panel.

Fig. 3 shows a cross section through a further embodiment of a laminated pane 100 according to the invention. The embodiment shown in cross section in Fig. 3 differs from that shown in Fig. 2 only in that, in addition, on the interior surface VI of the glass pane 6 applied reflection layer 7 over the entire surface, a protective layer 8 is applied. The protective layer 8 is, for example, a polymer based on polyacrylates, polyoximes, alkyd resins, polyurethanes or mixtures thereof. The protective layer 8 has a thickness of 500 nm, for example.

Fig. 4 shows a cross section through a further embodiment of a laminated pane 100 according to the invention. The embodiment shown in cross section in Fig. 4 differs from that shown in Fig. 2 only in that the masking layer 4 is not a layer on the interior side surface II the outer pane 1 arranged first opaque cover print, but is formed as a arranged on the outside surface III of the inner pane 2 first opaque cover print.

Fig. 5 shows a cross section through a further embodiment of a composite pane 100 according to the invention. The embodiment shown in cross section in Fig. 5 differs from that shown in Fig. 3 only in that the masking layer 4 is not a layer on the interior side surface II the outer pane 1 arranged first opaque cover print, but is formed as a arranged on the outside surface III of the inner pane 2 first opaque cover print. Fig. 6 shows a cross section through a further embodiment of a laminated pane 100 according to the invention. The embodiment shown in cross section in Fig. 6 differs from that shown in Fig. 2 only in that the masking layer 4 is not a layer on the interior side surface II the first opaque cover print arranged on the outer pane 1, but is formed as an opaque colored area of the thermoplastic intermediate layer 3.

Fig. 7 shows a cross section through a further embodiment of a laminated pane 100 according to the invention. The embodiment shown in cross section in Fig. 7 differs from that shown in Fig. 3 only in that the masking layer 4 is not a layer on the interior surface II the first opaque cover print arranged on the outer pane 1, but is formed as an opaque colored area of the thermoplastic intermediate layer 3.

Fig. 8 shows a cross section through a further embodiment of a laminated pane 100 according to the invention. The embodiment shown in cross section in Fig. 8 differs from that shown in Fig. 2 only in that the reflection layer 7 is not on the interior surface VI of the glass pane 6, but is arranged on the outside surface V of the glass pane 6. Optionally, a protective layer can also be arranged directly adjacent to the adhesive layer 5 on the reflection layer 7 in this embodiment as well.

Fig. 9 shows a cross section through a further embodiment of a laminated pane 100 according to the invention. The embodiment shown in cross section in Fig. 9 differs from that shown in Fig. 2 only in that, in addition to the surface VI of the glass pane 6 on the interior side arranged reflection layer 7 on the outside surface V of the glass pane 6, a reflection layer 7 is arranged.

Fig. 10 shows a cross section through a further embodiment of a composite pane 100 according to the invention. The embodiment shown in cross section in Fig. 10 differs from that shown in Fig. 9 only in that, in addition, on the interior surface VI of the glass pane 6 applied reflection layer 7 a protective layer 8 is applied. The protective layer 8 is a polymer, for example Based on polyacrylates, polyoximes, alkyd resins, polyurethanes or mixtures thereof. The protective layer 8 has a thickness of 500 nm, for example. In this embodiment, a further protective layer can optionally also be arranged directly adjacent to the adhesive layer 5 on the reflection layer 7 applied to the outside surface V of the glass pane 6 .

Fig. 11 shows a cross section through a further embodiment of a composite pane 100 according to the invention. The embodiment shown in cross section in Fig. 11 differs from that shown in Fig. 2 only in that the composite pane 100 also has a surface IV on the interior side of the Inner pane 2 applied second opaque masking print 9 has. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 11, the second opaque cover print 9 is in the form of a frame.

Fig. 12 shows a cross section through a further embodiment of a composite pane 100 according to the invention. The embodiment shown in cross section in Fig. 12 differs from that shown in Fig. 3 only in that the composite pane 100 also has a surface IV on the interior side of the Inner pane 2 applied second opaque masking print 9 has. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 12, the second opaque cover print 9 is in the form of a frame.

Fig. 13 shows a cross section through a further embodiment of a composite pane 100 according to the invention. The embodiment shown in cross section in Fig. 13 differs from that shown in Fig. 8 only in that the composite pane 100 also has a surface IV on the interior side of the Inner pane 2 applied second opaque masking print 9 has. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 13, the second opaque cover print 9 is in the form of a frame.

Fig. 14 shows a cross section through a further embodiment of a composite pane 100 according to the invention. The embodiment shown in cross section in Fig. 14 differs from that shown in Fig. 9 only in that the composite pane 100 also has a surface IV on the interior side of the Inner pane 2 applied second opaque masking print 9 has. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 14, the second opaque cover print 9 is in the form of a frame. Fig. 15 shows a cross section through a further embodiment of a composite pane 100 according to the invention. The embodiment shown in cross section in Fig. 15 differs from that shown in Fig. 10 only in that the composite pane 100 also has a surface IV of the Inner pane 2 applied second opaque masking print 9 has. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 15, the second opaque cover print 9 is in the form of a frame.

Fig. 16 shows a cross section through an embodiment of a projection arrangement 101 according to the invention. The projection arrangement 101 shown in Fig. 16 comprises a compound pane 100 and an imaging unit 10.

The laminated pane 100 is designed as shown in Fig. 2 and comprises an outer pane 1 with an outside surface I and an inside surface II, an inner pane 2 with an outside surface III and an inside surface IV, a thermoplastic intermediate layer 3, a masking layer 4 , an adhesive layer 5 and a glass pane 6 having an outside surface V and an inside surface VI. The thermoplastic intermediate layer 3 is arranged between the outer pane 1 and the inner pane 2 , the inner pane 2 is arranged between the outer pane 1 and the glass pane 6 and the adhesive layer 5 is arranged between the inner pane 2 and the glass pane 6 . The outer pane 1, the thermoplastic intermediate layer 3 and the inner pane 2 are arranged one on top of the other over their entire surface. The masking layer 4 is arranged between the outer pane 1 and the inner pane 2 in a region of the laminated pane 100 . The masking layer 4 is designed as a first opaque covering print arranged on the interior-side surface II of the outer pane 1 and is only arranged in an edge region of the laminated pane 100 adjoining the lower edge. The glass pane 6 is arranged in a region of the laminated pane 100 which, when looking through the laminated pane 100 perpendicularly, lies entirely in the region in which the masking layer 4 is arranged. The outer dimensions of the glass pane 6 are therefore smaller than the inner pane 2 . The outside surface V of the glass pane 6 is connected via the adhesive layer 5 to the interior surface IV of the inner pane 2 . In the embodiment shown in FIG. 16, a reflection layer 7 for reflecting light is arranged on the interior-side surface VI of the glass pane 6 . The glass pane 6 consists, for example, of alumino-silicate glass and has a thickness of 70 μm. The thermoplastic intermediate layer 3 contains, for example, PVB and has a thickness of 0.76 mm. The outer pane 1 consists, for example, of soda-lime glass and is 2.1 mm thick. The inner pane 2 consists, for example, of soda-lime glass and is 1.6 mm thick.

The adhesive layer 5 is, for example, an optically clear adhesive.

For example, the laminated pane 100 is the windshield of a motor vehicle.

The projection arrangement 101 has an imaging unit 10 . The imaging unit 10 is used to generate p-polarized light and/or s-polarized light (image information), which is directed onto the reflection layer 7 and is reflected by the reflection layer 7 as reflected light into the vehicle interior, where it is e.g. driver, can be perceived. The reflection layer 7 is suitably designed to reflect the light of the imaging unit 10, i.e. an image formed by the light of the imaging unit. The light preferably strikes the reflection layer 7 at an angle of incidence of 55° to 80°, in particular 62° to 77°. The imaging unit 10 is, for example, a display, in particular an LCD display.

FIG. 17 shows a top view of an embodiment of a composite pane 100 according to the invention, and FIG. 18 shows the cross section through the composite pane 100 shown in FIG. 17 along the section line YY′. The composite pane 100 shown in FIGS. 17 and 18 has an upper edge O, a lower edge U and two side edges S and comprises an outer pane 1 with an outside surface I and an inside surface II, an inner pane 2 with an outside surface III and a interior surface IV, a thermoplastic intermediate layer 3, a masking layer 4, an adhesive layer 5 and a glass pane 6 having an exterior surface V and an interior surface VI. The thermoplastic intermediate layer 3 is arranged between the outer pane 1 and the inner pane 2 , the inner pane 2 is arranged between the outer pane 1 and the glass pane 6 and the adhesive layer 5 is arranged between the inner pane 2 and the glass pane 6 . The The outer pane 1, the thermoplastic intermediate layer 3 and the inner pane 2 are arranged one on top of the other over their entire surface. The masking layer 4 is arranged between the outer pane 1 and the inner pane 2 in a region of the laminated pane 100 . The area in which the masking layer 4 is arranged is provided with the reference symbol A. In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 17 and 18, the masking layer 4 is designed as a first opaque cover print arranged on the interior-side surface II of the outer pane 1 and arranged in a peripheral edge area that is in a section that overlaps with the reflection layer 7 , has a greater width than in different sections. For the sake of simplicity, the masking layer is not shown in black in FIG. 17, but is shown as being patterned. The glass pane 6 is arranged in an area of the laminated pane 100 which, when looking through the laminated pane 100 perpendicularly, lies entirely in the area in which the masking layer 4 is arranged and is provided with the reference symbol B in FIG. 17 . The outer dimensions of the glass pane 6 are therefore smaller than the inner pane 2 . The outside surface V of the glass pane 6 is connected via the adhesive layer 5 to the interior surface IV of the inner pane 2 . In the embodiment shown in FIG. 18, a reflection layer 7 for reflecting light is arranged on the interior-side surface VI of the glass pane 6 .

The glass pane 6 consists, for example, of alumino-silicate glass and has a thickness of 70 μm. The thermoplastic intermediate layer 3 contains, for example, PVB and has a thickness of 0.76 mm. The outer pane 1 consists, for example, of soda-lime glass and is 2.1 mm thick. The inner pane 2 consists, for example, of soda-lime glass and is 1.6 mm thick.

The adhesive layer 5 is, for example, an optically clear adhesive.

It is understood that the composite pane 100 can have any suitable geometric shape and/or curvature. Typically, the composite panel 100 is a curved composite panel. FIG. 19 shows an exemplary embodiment of a method according to the invention using a flowchart.

In a first step S1, a composite is made of an outer pane 1 with an outside surface I and an inside surface II, a thermoplastic intermediate layer 3 and an inner pane 2 with an outside surface III and an inside surface IV, with the thermoplastic intermediate layer 3 between the outer pane 1 and the inner pane 2 is arranged and between the outer pane 1 and the inner pane 2 in a region a masking layer 4 is arranged.

In a second step S2, a glass pane 6 with an outside surface V and an inside surface VI, with a reflection layer 7 for reflecting light being arranged on the outside surface V of the glass pane 6 and/or on the inside surface VI of the glass pane 6. provided.

In a third step S3, the glass pane 6 is bonded to the inner pane 2 of the composite via an adhesive layer 5 to form a composite pane 100 in such a way that the glass pane 6 is arranged in a region of the composite pane 100 which, when viewed perpendicularly through the composite pane 100, is completely in the area where the masking layer 4 is arranged.

Steps S1 and S2 can also take place in reverse order or simultaneously.

Reference list:

100 Composite Disc

101 projection arrangement

1 outer pane

2 inner pane

3 thermoplastic interlayer

4 masking layer

5 adhesive layer

6 pane of glass

7 reflective layer

8 protective layer

9 second opaque cover print

10 imaging unit

O Upper edge of composite pane 100

U Lower edge of composite pane 100

S side edge of composite pane 100

I outside surface of the outer pane 1

11 Interior surface of outer pane 1

III Outside surface of the inner pane 2

IV interior surface of the inner pane 2

V outside surface of the glass pane 6

VI interior side surface of the glass pane 6

A Region in which the masking layer 4 is arranged

B Area in which the glass pane 6 is arranged

X'-X cutting line

Y-Y' line of intersection

Claims

28

Claims Composite pane (100), at least comprising

- an outer pane (1) with an outside surface (I) and an inside surface (II),

- a thermoplastic intermediate layer (3),

- an inner pane (2) with an outside surface (III) and an inside surface (IV),

- a masking layer (4),

- an adhesive layer (5),

- A glass pane (6) with an outside surface (V) and an inside surface (VI) and a thickness of 20 μm to 500 μm, the inner pane (2) being arranged between the outer pane (1) and the glass pane (6). , the thermoplastic intermediate layer (3) is arranged between the outer pane (1) and the inner pane (2), the masking layer (4) is arranged between the outer pane (1) and the inner pane (2) in a region of the composite pane (100), the adhesive layer (5) is arranged between the inner pane (2) and the glass pane (6), on the outside surface (V) of the glass pane (6) and/or on the interior-side surface (VI) of the glass pane (6) a reflection layer ( 7) is arranged to reflect light, and wherein the glass pane (6) is arranged in an area of the composite pane (100) which, when viewed perpendicularly through the composite pane (100), lies entirely in the area in which the masking layer (4) is arranged. Laminated pane (100) according to claim 1, wherein the glass pane (6) has a thickness of 50 μm to 300 μm, preferably from 50 μm to 100 μm. Laminated pane (100) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the reflective layer (7) reflects at least 10%, preferably at least 50%, particularly preferably at least 80% and in particular at least 90% of visible light. Composite pane (100) according to one of Claims 1 to 3, in which the reflection layer (7) is a metallic layer. Composite pane (100) according to one of Claims 1 to 4, in which the reflection layer (7) contains or consists of aluminium, titanium and/or nickel, in particular aluminium. Laminated pane (100) according to one of Claims 1 to 5, in which the masking layer (4) is designed in the shape of a frame and has a greater width in particular in a section which overlaps the reflection layer (7) than in sections different therefrom. Laminated pane (100) according to one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the masking layer (4) is formed as a first opaque masking print arranged on the interior surface (II) of the outer pane (1) or the outside surface (III) of the inner pane (2). . Laminated pane (100) according to one of Claims 1 to 6, in which the masking layer (4) is formed as an opaquely colored region of the thermoplastic intermediate layer (3). Laminated pane (100) according to one of Claims 1 to 8, the laminated pane (100) additionally having a second opaque layer arranged on the interior-side surface (IV) of the inner pane (2), at least in the region in which the glass pane (6) is arranged Cover pressure (9) has. Laminated pane (100) according to one of Claims 1 to 9, a reflection layer (7) for reflecting light being arranged on the interior-side surface (VI) of the glass pane (6) or on the outside-side surface (V) of the glass pane (6) and a reflection layer (7) for reflecting light is arranged on the interior-side surface (VI) of the glass pane (6), and wherein at least on the reflection layer (7) which is arranged on the interior-side surface (VI) of the glass pane (6), a protective layer (8) is arranged. Laminated glazing (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the adhesive layer (5) is a thermoplastic layer or an optically clear adhesive (OCA). 12. Composite pane (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the composite pane (100) is a curved composite pane.

13. projection arrangement (101) at least comprising

- a composite pane (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 12,

- An imaging unit (10) directed towards the reflection layer (7).

14. A method for producing a composite pane (100) according to one of claims 1 to 12, at least comprising a) providing a composite of an outer pane (1) with an outside surface (I) and an interior side surface (II), a thermoplastic intermediate layer ( 3) and an inner pane (2) with an outside surface (III) and an inside surface (IV), wherein the thermoplastic intermediate layer (3) is arranged between the outer pane (1) and the inner pane (2) and between the outer pane (1 ) and the inner pane (2) a masking layer (4) is arranged in one area; b) Provision of a glass pane (6) with an outside surface (V) and an inside surface (VI), wherein on the outside surface (V) of the glass pane (6) and/or on the inside surface (VI) of the glass pane (6 ) a reflection layer (7) for reflecting light is arranged; c) Connecting the glass pane (6) to the inner pane (2) of the composite via an adhesive layer (5) to form a composite pane (100) in such a way that the glass pane (6) is arranged in an area of the composite pane (100) which is perpendicular view through the laminated pane (100) lies completely in the area in which the masking layer (4) is arranged.

15. Use of a composite pane (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 12 as a vehicle pane in means of locomotion for traffic on land, in the air or on water, in particular in motor vehicles and in particular as a windshield for a head-up display.