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WO2023098125A1 - 含v、b的锌铝镁合金镀层钢材及其制备方法 - Google Patents

含v、b的锌铝镁合金镀层钢材及其制备方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023098125A1
WO2023098125A1 PCT/CN2022/109955 CN2022109955W WO2023098125A1 WO 2023098125 A1 WO2023098125 A1 WO 2023098125A1 CN 2022109955 W CN2022109955 W CN 2022109955W WO 2023098125 A1 WO2023098125 A1 WO 2023098125A1
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Prior art keywords
zinc
aluminum
steel
magnesium alloy
alloy coated
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PCT/CN2022/109955
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
董学强
郭太雄
冉长荣
徐接旺
高爱芳
王飞龙
Original Assignee
攀钢集团攀枝花钢铁研究院有限公司
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Priority to KR1020247019776A priority Critical patent/KR20240116477A/ko
Publication of WO2023098125A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023098125A1/zh

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C18/00—Alloys based on zinc
    • C22C18/04—Alloys based on zinc with aluminium as the next major constituent
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/26—Methods of annealing
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/74—Methods of treatment in inert gas, controlled atmosphere, vacuum or pulverulent material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/52—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for wires; for strips ; for rods of unlimited length
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C18/00—Alloys based on zinc
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
    • C23C2/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated, e.g. for coating on selected surface areas
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
    • C23C2/04—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor characterised by the coating material
    • C23C2/06—Zinc or cadmium or alloys based thereon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
    • C23C2/14—Removing excess of molten coatings; Controlling or regulating the coating thickness
    • C23C2/16—Removing excess of molten coatings; Controlling or regulating the coating thickness using fluids under pressure, e.g. air knives
    • C23C2/18—Removing excess of molten coatings from elongated material
    • C23C2/20—Strips; Plates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
    • C23C2/26—After-treatment
    • C23C2/28—Thermal after-treatment, e.g. treatment in oil bath
    • C23C2/29—Cooling or quenching
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
    • C23C2/34—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the material to be treated
    • C23C2/36—Elongated material
    • C23C2/40—Plates; Strips

Definitions

  • the invention relates to zinc-aluminum-magnesium alloy coated steel containing V and B and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of iron and steel metallurgy production.
  • the hot-dip Zn-Al-Mg alloy coated steel plate with Mg addition has better corrosion resistance, and the processing and application performance of the material ( Formability, weldability and coating performance) are excellent, and can replace the current corresponding hot-dip galvanized or zinc alloy coated steel sheets, and the market demand prospect is very broad.
  • Hot-dip Zn-Al-Mg alloy-coated steel sheets have been industrialized and applied in steel companies such as Nippon Steel, Nisshin Steel, and ThyssenKrupp in the early 21st century. At present, the main application fields are in the construction industry, and are gradually It is popularized and applied in industries such as home appliances and automobile manufacturing. my country's research on Zn-Al-Mg alloy coating is relatively late. At present, only Baosteel, Shougang, Jiugang, Panzhihua Iron and Steel and other enterprises have launched hot-dip Zn-Al-Mg alloy coated steel sheets.
  • Existing hot-dip Zn-Al-Mg alloy coated steel sheet can be divided into “low aluminum” (WAl ⁇ 5%), “medium aluminum” (5% ⁇ WAl ⁇ 13%) and “high aluminum” (47% ⁇ WAl ⁇ 57%) three types.
  • the content of Al and Mg in the coating is different, and the structure and quality of the coating are different, so the application fields are also different.
  • CN105063532A discloses a highly corrosion-resistant single-plated zinc-aluminum-magnesium rare-earth protective coating and a preparation process thereof.
  • the single-plated zinc-aluminum-magnesium rare-earth protective coating process uses a single hot-dipping method to obtain a zinc-aluminum-magnesium alloy coating on a metal surface.
  • the coating and the metal substrate each maintain their original performance, but have more than 99.9% of the metallurgical bonding interface.
  • the coating has a dense structure, stable composition, no missing plating, excellent corrosion resistance, and salt spray corrosion up to 2060h.
  • the corrosion resistance of the alloy coating is better than that of ordinary hot-dip pure zinc coating, which improves the service life.
  • the single-plating process can be reused and industrialized, and overcomes the difficulties of metal and zinc-aluminum-magnesium alloy liquid plating, the difficulty of forming an excellent bonding interface between the two, and the lack of easy to produce missing plating. It can be widely used in the preparation of metal surfaces. 5%-12% Al, 1%-6% Mg content of zinc-aluminum-magnesium alloy plating solution, the prepared co-infiltrated layer forms Zn/Al/MgZn2 ternary eutectic and various types of binary eutectics, which is eutectic The main reason for the high corrosion resistance of the seepage layer.
  • the above-mentioned high-corrosion-resistant single-plated zinc-aluminum-magnesium rare earth protective coating adopts a medium-aluminum component system.
  • the CN109402547A provides a kind of hot-dip coated steel plate with excellent corrosion resistance and its manufacturing method.
  • the hot-dip coated steel plate includes a substrate and an Al-Zn-Si-Mg coating coated on the substrate.
  • the chemical composition quality of the coating is The percentages are: Al: 45% ⁇ 65%, Si: 0.1% ⁇ 3%, Mg: 0.2% ⁇ 5%, Zr: 0.001% ⁇ 0.15%, Cr: 0.001% ⁇ 0.5%, the balance is Zn and unavoidable of impurities.
  • the manufacturing method comprises steps: (1) pretreatment of the steel plate; (2) dipping the steel plate into a bath for hot-dip plating, and the temperature of the bath is 560-595° C.; (3) taking the steel plate out of the bath, and performing Sectional cooling.
  • the hot-dip-coated steel sheet has excellent corrosion resistance, and has a remarkable inhibitory effect on the occurrence of white rust, the development of red rust, and the propagation of failure of the treatment film originating from the cut.
  • the above-mentioned hot-dip coated steel sheet with excellent corrosion resistance adopts a high-aluminum composition system coating.
  • the zinc-aluminum-magnesium steel sheet with high corrosion resistance is mainly the zinc-aluminum-magnesium steel sheet with a medium-high aluminum composition system.
  • the corrosion resistance of the coating increases, but at the same time, the formability and weldability of the coating increase. Performance drops.
  • the Zn-Al-Mg alloy coated steel sheet meets the user's stamping forming requirements, it must have good formability.
  • the Zn-Al-Mg alloy coated steel sheet with a medium and high aluminum composition system cannot meet the user's requirements. .
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a zinc-aluminum-magnesium alloy coated steel material containing V and B with high formability and corrosion resistance and a preparation method thereof.
  • the technical scheme adopted by the present invention for solving the above-mentioned technical problems is: firstly, a zinc-aluminum-magnesium alloy coated steel material containing V and B is provided, and the chemical composition of the coating is calculated by mass percentage: 0.4% to 2.8% of aluminum and 0.5% of magnesium ⁇ 3.0%, vanadium 0.005% ⁇ 0.50%, boron 0.001% ⁇ 0.20%, the rest is zinc and unavoidable impurities; among them, Al/Mg is 0.8 ⁇ 1.5, and the total amount of vanadium + boron is 0.01% ⁇ 0.50%.
  • the chemical composition of the coating satisfies at least one of the following: the coating contains 1.0% to 2.5% of aluminum, 1.0% to 2.0% of magnesium, 0.02% to 0.30% of vanadium, and 0.03% to 0.20% of boron;
  • Al/Mg 0.75 ⁇ 1.25
  • the total amount of vanadium + boron is 0.05% to 0.20%.
  • the sum of the inevitable impurities is ⁇ 0.010%, among which lead ⁇ 0.003%, antimony ⁇ 0.002%, tin ⁇ 0.002%, arsenic ⁇ 0.001%, tellurium ⁇ 0.001%, cadmium ⁇ 0.002%.
  • the weight of the coating is 20-600g/m2, calculated on both sides; preferably, the weight of the coating is 40-400g/m2, calculated on both sides.
  • the steel base of the steel is selected from at least one of IF steel, bake-hardening steel, SPCC, SEDDQ, QP steel, DP steel, and TRIP steel; preferably, the IF steel is high-strength IF steel containing P steel.
  • steel base degreasing cleaning includes the following steps: steel base degreasing cleaning, continuous annealing, hot-dip plating, and air knife purging.
  • the continuous annealing process controls the hydrogen in the furnace to be ⁇ 4.0% by volume percentage; preferably, the continuous annealing process controls the hydrogen in the furnace to be 4.0% to 6.0% by volume.
  • the temperature of the steel-based galvanizing pot is controlled at 400°C to 520°C
  • the temperature of the bath during hot-dip plating is 390°C to 500°C
  • the temperature difference between the zinc pot temperature and the bath temperature is controlled at ⁇ 20°C.
  • the temperature of the steel strip reaching the top turning roll is controlled to be ⁇ 280°C; preferably, the temperature of the strip steel reaching the top turning roll is controlled to be 240°C to 260°C during rapid cooling after plating.
  • the beneficial effects of the present invention are: the zinc-aluminum-magnesium alloy coated steel provided by the present invention adopts a low-aluminum component system, and the Zn-Al-Mg alloy coated steel plate with high corrosion resistance and formability can be produced by controlling the components of the coating.
  • the zinc-aluminum-magnesium alloy coated steel of the present invention can appear red rust for as long as 400 hours or even more than 4500 hours under the neutral salt spray test conditions. Under certain conditions, the time for red rust to appear is more than 300h or even 4000h, and the adhesion of the sprayed coating after spraying is excellent.
  • the zinc-aluminum-magnesium alloy coated steel is especially suitable for the fields of home appliances and automobiles, and has good prospects for popularization and application.
  • the invention provides a zinc-aluminum-magnesium alloy coated steel material containing V and B.
  • the chemical composition of the coating is calculated by mass percentage: 0.4% to 2.8% of aluminum, 0.5% to 3.0% of magnesium, 0.005% to 0.50% of vanadium, and 0.001% of boron ⁇ 0.20%, the rest is zinc and unavoidable impurities; among them, Al/Mg is 0.8 ⁇ 1.5, and the total amount of vanadium + boron is 0.01% ⁇ 0.50%.
  • the current field mainly adopts a medium-high aluminum composition system, but with the increase of Al and Mg content, the formability and welding performance of the steel decrease significantly, and it is difficult to meet the requirements of home appliances, automobiles, etc. Requirements for stamping performance in other fields.
  • the present invention optimizes the addition of Mg, Al content and other alloying elements in the coating, V provides heterogeneous nucleation points in the coating formation process, refines and reduces the grain size of the coating, and improves the coating
  • V provides heterogeneous nucleation points in the coating formation process
  • refines and reduces the grain size of the coating and improves the coating
  • B fills in the gap of the coating crystal, reducing the internal defects of the coating
  • solid solution strengthening enhances the strength of the coating, improves the hardness of the coating, and enhances the wear resistance of the coating. It can meet the user's requirements for high corrosion resistance and high formability.
  • the thickness of the coating should be controlled within a certain range.
  • the weight of the coating is too large and the pressure of the air knife is small, the surface quality and thickness of the coating are not easy to control; while the flow of the air knife is limited and the fluidity of the plating solution is constant, the thickness of the coating is too thin to be controllable.
  • the wettability of the plating solution on the surface of different steel plates is different, and it can only form a coating with excellent adhesion on the steel plate with good wettability.
  • the annealing atmosphere is to improve the reducibility of the steel base surface.
  • the bath temperature needs to ensure that the bath is in a molten state and has good fluidity.
  • the addition of V increases the temperature range of the bath, but if the temperature is too high, zinc oxide slag will easily increase.
  • the temperature of the steel plate In order to ensure that the coating is completely solidified, the temperature of the steel plate must be lowered below the freezing point before the first turning roll, and zinc, aluminum and magnesium are easy to oxidize, and rapid cooling can make the surface quality better.
  • Coating weight 60g/ m2 (double-sided), the main components of the coating are: aluminum 2.8%, magnesium 2.0%, vanadium 0.10%, boron 0.02%, lead 0.002%, antimony 0.001%, chromium 0.001%, cadmium 0.001%, tin 0.001%, the rest is zinc; the steel base is TRIP steel.
  • the preparation method is: degreasing cleaning, continuous annealing, hot-dip plating, air knife purging, cooling, wherein the degreasing cleaning is to rinse the steel base after degreasing, and the continuous annealing process controls the hydrogen in the furnace to 6.0% by volume percentage.
  • the temperature of the steel plate entering the zinc pot is 500°C
  • the temperature of the bath during the hot-dip plating process is 480°C
  • the temperature at which the strip steel reaches the top turning roll is 260°C.
  • Corrosion resistance neutral salt spray accelerated corrosion test is adopted.
  • the test conditions and methods are carried out according to GB/T10125-2012 "Artificial Atmosphere Corrosion Test Salt Spray Test".
  • the NaCl deionized aqueous solution with a value of 6.5 is the corrosive medium, and the test temperature is 35 ⁇ 2°C; the sample size is 75mm ⁇ 150mm ⁇ 0.8mm, and the edge is sealed with a size of 5mm with scotch tape to prevent the end corrosion from affecting the results;
  • the sample is placed at an angle of 15° to 25° with the vertical direction. Observe the time when red rust occurs on the surface of the sample.
  • Hardness Use the INNOVATESTEurope BV universal hardness tester to select three positions to measure the surface hardness of the coating (HV0.01), and take the average value.
  • Paintability After degreasing, cleaning, vitrification or phosphating, the coated steel plate after oiling is sprayed and dried, and then the degree of bonding between the sprayed coating and the steel plate is tested by the cross-hatch method. If there is no coating peeling off, it is Good adhesion.
  • the zinc-aluminum-magnesium alloy coated steel prepared in this example has good surface quality and excellent corrosion resistance, formability and coating properties.
  • the time for red rust to appear is more than 600h.
  • the time for the bent part to appear red rust under neutral salt spray test conditions is more than 500h.
  • the hardness of the coating is 110, the adhesion of the sprayed coating after spraying is excellent, which meets the requirements of users.
  • the weight of the coating is 200g/m2 (double-sided).
  • the main components of the coating are: aluminum 1.5%, magnesium 2.0%, vanadium 0.05%, boron 0.10%, lead 0.001%, antimony 0.002%, chromium 0.001%, cadmium 0.001%, tin 0.001 %, the rest is zinc; the steel base is SEDDQ steel.
  • the preparation method is: degreasing cleaning, continuous annealing, hot-dip plating, air knife purging, and cooling, wherein the degreasing cleaning is to rinse the steel base after degreasing, and the continuous annealing process controls the hydrogen in the furnace to 5.0% by volume percentage.
  • the temperature of the steel plate entering the zinc pot is 450°C
  • the temperature of the bath during the hot-dip galvanizing process is 450°C
  • the temperature at which the strip steel reaches the top turning roll is 240°C.
  • Test method is the same as embodiment 1.
  • the zinc-aluminum-magnesium alloy coated steel prepared in this example has good surface quality and excellent corrosion resistance, formability and coating properties.
  • the time for red rust to appear is more than 2000h
  • the hardness of the coating is 120
  • no obvious cracks are visible to the naked eye after 0T bending
  • the time for the bent part to appear red rust under neutral salt spray test conditions is 1800h
  • the adhesion of the sprayed coating after spraying is excellent, which meets the requirements of users.
  • Coating weight 500g/ m2 double-sided
  • the main components of the coating are: aluminum 1.0%, magnesium 1.0%, vanadium 0.20%, boron 0.15%, calcium 0.05%, lead 0.002%, antimony 0.001%, chromium 0.001%, cadmium 0.002%, tin 0.002%, the rest is zinc; the steel base is QP steel.
  • the preparation method is: degreasing cleaning, continuous annealing, hot-dip plating, air knife purging, cooling, wherein the degreasing cleaning is to rinse the steel base after degreasing, and the continuous annealing process controls the hydrogen in the furnace to 4.0% by volume percentage.
  • the temperature of the steel plate entering the zinc pot is 440°C
  • the temperature of the plating solution during the hot-dip galvanizing process is 430°C
  • the temperature is 260°C when the strip reaches the top turning roll after rapid cooling after plating.
  • Test method is the same as embodiment 1.
  • the zinc-aluminum-magnesium alloy coated steel prepared in this example has good surface quality and excellent corrosion resistance, formability and coating properties.
  • the time for red rust to appear is more than 4500h
  • the hardness of the coating is 110
  • no obvious cracks are visible to the naked eye after 0T bending
  • the time for the bent part to appear red rust under neutral salt spray test conditions is 4000h
  • the adhesion of the sprayed coating after spraying is excellent, which meets the requirements of users.
  • Coating weight 180g/ m2 double-sided
  • the main components of the coating are: aluminum 1.6%, magnesium 1.8%, lead 0.001%, antimony 0.001%, chromium 0.001%, cadmium 0.001%, tin 0.001%, the rest is zinc; steel The base is bake-hardened steel.
  • the preparation method is: degreasing cleaning, continuous annealing, hot-dip plating, air knife purging, cooling, wherein the degreasing cleaning is to rinse the steel base after degreasing, and the continuous annealing process controls the hydrogen in the furnace to 4.0% by volume percentage.
  • the temperature of the steel plate entering the zinc pot is 460°C
  • the temperature of the bath during the hot-dip galvanizing process is 450°C
  • the temperature at which the strip steel reaches the top turning roll is 320°C.
  • Test method is the same as embodiment 1. After testing, the surface quality of the zinc-aluminum-magnesium alloy coated steel prepared in this comparative example is poor, there are horizontal line defects, and the corrosion resistance, formability and coating performance are slightly poor. Under the neutral salt spray test conditions, the time for red rust to appear is more than 1200h, the hardness of the coating is 90, and there are slight cracks to the naked eye after 0T bending, and the time for the bent part to appear red rust under neutral salt spray test conditions is more than 1100h. The adhesion of the spray coating after spraying is good.

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Abstract

本发明涉及含V、B的锌铝镁合金镀层钢材及其制备方法，属于钢铁冶金生产技术领域。本发明提供了含V、B的锌铝镁合金镀层钢材，镀层的化学成分按质量百分比计为：铝0.4％～2.8％，镁0.5％～3.0％，钒0.005％～0.8％，硼0.001％～0.20％，其余为锌及不可避免的杂质；其中Al/Mg为0.8～1.5，钒+硼总量为0.01％～0.50％。本发明提供的锌铝镁合金镀层钢材能够满足用户对于钢材耐蚀性和成形性双高的要求，尤其适用于家电和汽车领域，具有良好的推广应用前景。

Description

含V、B的锌铝镁合金镀层钢材及其制备方法 技术领域
本发明涉及含V、B的锌铝镁合金镀层钢材及其制备方法，属于钢铁冶金生产技术领域。
背景技术
Zn-Al-Mg合金镀层于20世纪80年代在国外引起广泛关注，成为热浸镀锌及锌合金镀层专业领域的研究重点。从国内外同行的研究结果来看，在镀层Zn、Al含量同等水平条件下，添加Mg的热浸镀Zn-Al-Mg合金镀层钢板具有更优的耐蚀性，且材料的加工应用性能(成形性、焊接性及涂装性)优良，可替代现行相应的热浸镀锌或锌合金镀层钢板，市场需求前景十分广阔。
热浸镀Zn-Al-Mg合金镀层钢板于21世纪初期先后在新日铁、日新制钢、蒂森克虏伯等钢铁公司实现了工业化生产及应用，目前主要应用领域在建筑行业，正逐步在向家电、汽车制造等行业推广应用。我国对Zn-Al-Mg合金镀层的研究较晚，目前仅宝钢、首钢、酒钢、攀钢等企业推出了热浸镀Zn-Al-Mg合金镀层钢板。
现有热浸镀Zn-Al-Mg合金镀层钢板可分为“低铝”(WAl＜5％)、“中铝”(5％≤WAl＜13％)和“高铝”(47％≤WAl≤57％)三种类型。对于不同品种的Zn-Al-Mg合金镀层钢板，其镀层中的Al、Mg含量不同，镀层组织结构和质量性能存在差异，因而应用领域也有所不同。CN105063532A公开了一种高耐蚀性单镀型锌铝镁稀土防护镀层及制备工艺，该单镀型锌铝镁稀土防护镀层工艺利用单次热浸镀方法在金属表面获得锌铝镁合金镀层。镀层与金属基体各自保持原有的性能，但是拥有99.9％以上冶金结合界面，同时镀层结构致密、成分稳定、无漏镀，耐蚀性能优异，盐雾腐蚀达2060h。合金镀层耐蚀性能较普通热浸镀纯锌层好，提高了使用寿命。该单镀型工艺，可重复使用和工业化生产，克服了金属与锌铝镁合金液助镀困难、两者之间难形成优异结合界面、易产生漏镀等不足，能广泛适用于金属表面制备5％-12％Al、1％-6％Mg含量的锌铝镁合金镀液，所制备的共渗层形成Zn/Al/MgZn2三元共晶以及多种类型的二元共晶体，是共渗层具有高耐蚀性能的主要原因。上述高耐蚀性单镀型锌铝镁稀土防护镀层采用的是中铝成分体系。
CN109402547A提供了一种抗腐蚀性能优良的热浸镀层钢板及其制造方法，所述热浸镀层钢板包括基板和镀覆于基板上的Al-Zn-Si-Mg镀层，所述镀层的化学成分质量百分比为：Al：45％～65％，Si：0.1％～3％，Mg：0.2％～5％，Zr：0.001％～0.15％，Cr：0.001％～0.5％，余量为Zn和不可避免的杂质。其制造方法包括步骤：(1)钢板预处理；(2)将钢板浸入镀液池 热浸镀，所述镀液池的温度为560～595℃；(3)将钢板从镀液取出，进行分段冷却。该热浸镀层钢板抗腐蚀性能优良，对白锈发生及红锈的发展、对抗源自切口的处理膜失效蔓延的抑制效果显著。上述抗腐蚀性能优良的热浸镀层钢板采用的是高铝成分体系镀层。
可以看出，高耐蚀性的锌铝镁钢板主要为中高铝成分体系的锌铝镁钢板，随着Al和Mg含量的增多，镀层的耐蚀性升高，但同时会导致成形性能和焊接性能下降。在家电、汽车应用领域，为保证Zn-Al-Mg合金镀层钢板满足用户的冲压成型要求，要具有良好的成形性，目前中高铝成分体系的Zn-Al-Mg合金镀层钢板尚不能满足用户要求。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是：提供一种成形性和耐蚀性双高的含V、B的锌铝镁合金镀层钢材及其制备方法。
本发明为解决上述技术问题采用的技术方案是：首先提供了一种含V、B的锌铝镁合金镀层钢材，镀层的化学成分按质量百分比计为：铝0.4％～2.8％，镁0.5％～3.0％，钒0.005％～0.50％，硼0.001％～0.20％，其余为锌及不可避免的杂质；其中Al/Mg为0.8～1.5，钒+硼总量为0.01％～0.50％。
进一步的是：镀层的化学成分满足以下至少一项：镀层中含有铝1.0％～2.5％，镁1.0％～2.0％，钒0.02％～0.30％，硼0.03％～0.20％；
Al/Mg为0.75～1.25；
钒+硼总量为0.05％～0.20％。
进一步的是：所述不可避免的杂质总和≤0.010％，其中铅≤0.003％，锑≤0.002％，锡≤0.002％，砷≤0.001％，碲≤0.001％，镉≤0.002％。
进一步的是：所述镀层的重量为20～600g/m2，以双面计；优选地，所述镀层的重量为40～400g/m2，以双面计。
进一步的是：所述钢材的钢基选自IF钢、烘烤硬化钢、SPCC、SEDDQ、QP钢、DP钢、TRIP钢中至少一种；优选地，所述的IF钢为含P高强IF钢。
进一步的是：包括以下步骤：钢基脱脂清洗，连续退火，热浸镀，气刀吹扫。
进一步的是：连续退火过程控制炉内氢气≥4.0％，以体积百分含量计；优选地，连续退火过程控制炉内氢气4.0％～6.0％，以体积百分含量计。
进一步的是：钢基入锌锅温度控制在400℃～520℃，热浸镀过程镀液温度为390℃～500℃，入锌锅温度与镀液温度的温差控制在±20℃。
进一步的是：镀后快冷，控制带钢到达顶部转向辊的温度≤280℃；优选地，镀后快冷，控制带钢到达顶部转向辊的温度为240℃～260℃。
本发明的有益效果是：本发明提供的锌铝镁合金镀层钢材采用低铝成分体系，通过对镀层成分的控制生产出耐蚀性和成形性双高的Zn-Al-Mg合金镀层钢板。经检测，本发明锌铝镁合金镀层钢材在中性盐雾试验条件下出现红锈的时间长达400h甚至4500h以上，0T折弯后肉眼未见有明显裂纹且弯曲部位在中性盐雾试验条件下出现红锈的时间在300h甚至4000h以上，喷涂后喷涂涂层的附着性优良。该锌铝镁合金镀层钢材尤其适用于家电和汽车领域，具有良好的推广应用前景。
具体实施方式
本发明提供了含V、B的锌铝镁合金镀层钢材，镀层的化学成分按质量百分比计为：铝0.4％～2.8％，镁0.5％～3.0％，钒0.005％～0.50％，硼0.001％～0.20％，其余为锌及不可避免的杂质；其中Al/Mg为0.8～1.5，钒+硼总量为0.01％～0.50％。
为了保证Zn-Al-Mg合金镀层钢材的耐蚀性能，目前本领域主要采用中高铝成分体系，但随着Al和Mg含量的增多，钢材的成形性能和焊接性能下降明显，难以满足家电、汽车等领域对冲压成型性能的要求。针对上述问题，本发明通过优化镀层中Mg、Al含量和其他合金元素的添加，V在镀层形成过程中提供了异质形核点，细化并降低了镀层的晶粒尺寸，在改善了镀层的延展性的情况下提高了镀层的耐蚀性，而B填充在镀层晶体的间隙中，减少镀层内部缺陷，固溶强化增强了镀层强度，提高了镀层硬度，增强了镀层的耐磨性能，可满足用户对高耐蚀性和高成形性的使用要求。
在镀层制备过程中，为保证镀层具有良好的表面质量和性能，需进行工艺的限制。考虑到气刀能力和镀液流动性，镀层厚度需控制在一定的范围内。镀层重量太大且气刀压力小的情况下，则镀层的表面质量和厚度不易控制；而气刀流量有限且镀液流动性一定的情况下，则镀层厚度无法控制的过于薄了。镀液在不同钢板表面的润湿性不同，其仅能在润湿性好的钢板上形成附着力优良的镀层。而退火的气氛则是为了提升钢基表面良好的还原性，一般H 2含量越高越好，但H 2含量越高爆炸危险增高。镀液温度需保证镀液处于熔融状态且流动性好，V的加入使镀液温度范围有所提升，但温度太高，则易增加氧化锌渣。为保证镀层凝固完全，则需在第一个转向辊前将钢板温度降至凝固点以下，且锌铝镁易氧化，快冷可使其表面质量更佳。
下面将结合实施例对本发明的方案进行解释。本领域技术人员将会理解，下面的实施例仅用于说明本发明，而不应视为限定本发明的范围。实施例中未注明具体技术或条件的，按 照本领域内的文献所描述的技术或条件或者按照产品说明书进行。所用试剂或仪器未注明生产厂商者，均为可以通过市购获得的常规产品。
实施例1 本发明锌铝镁合金镀层钢材的制备
镀层重量60g/m 2(双面)，镀层的主要成分为：铝2.8％，镁2.0％，钒0.10％，硼0.02％，铅0.002％，锑0.001％，铬0.001％，镉0.001％，锡0.001％，其余为锌；钢基为TRIP钢。
制备方法为：脱脂清洗、连续退火、热浸镀、气刀吹扫、冷却，其中脱脂清洗是将钢基脱脂处理后漂洗干净，连续退火过程以体积百分含量计控制炉内氢气6.0％，钢板入锌锅温度为500℃，热浸镀过程镀液温度为480℃，镀后快冷，带钢到达顶部转向辊的温度为260℃。
测试方法：
耐蚀性能：采用中性盐雾加速腐蚀试验，试验条件及方法按GB/T10125-2012《人造气氛腐蚀试验盐雾试验》执行，试验仪器为盐雾腐蚀试验箱，以浓度50g/L、pH值6.5的NaCl去离子水溶液为腐蚀介质，试验温度为35±2℃；试样规格为75mm×150mm×0.8mm，且用透明胶带进行尺寸为5mm的封边，以防止端部锈蚀影响结果；试样采取与竖直方向呈15°～25°角放置。观测试样表面产生红色锈蚀的时间。
成形性：将试样进行0T折弯(180°折弯，弯心半径为0)，肉眼观测是否出现裂纹，并对弯曲部位在中性盐雾试验条件下测试出现红锈的时间，中性盐雾试验条件及方法按GB/T10125-2012《人造气氛腐蚀试验盐雾试验》执行。
硬度：采用INNOVATESTEuropeBV通用硬度计选取三个位置测量镀层表面硬度(HV0.01)，取平均值。
涂装性：对涂油后的镀层钢板经脱脂清洗、陶化或磷化后进行喷涂烘干，然后采用划格法测试喷涂涂层与钢板的结合程度，若未有涂层脱落，则为附着性良好。
经检测，本实施例制备的锌铝镁合金镀层钢材表面质量良好，具有优良的耐蚀性、成形性和涂装性。在中性盐雾试验条件下出现红锈的时间在600h以上，0T折弯后肉眼未见有明显裂纹且弯曲部位在中性盐雾试验条件下出现红锈的时间在500h以上，镀层硬度为110，喷涂后喷涂涂层的附着性优良，满足用户要求。
实施例2 本发明锌铝镁合金镀层钢材的制备
镀层重量200g/m2(双面)，镀层的主要成分为：铝1.5％，镁2.0％，钒0.05％，硼0.10％，铅0.001％，锑0.002％，铬0.001％，镉0.001％，锡0.001％，其余为锌；钢基为SEDDQ钢。
制备方法为：脱脂清洗、连续退火、热浸镀、气刀吹扫、冷却，其中脱脂清洗是将钢基脱脂处理后漂洗干净，连续退火过程以体积百分含量计控制炉内氢气5.0％，钢板入锌锅温度为450℃，热浸镀过程镀液温度为450℃，镀后快冷，带钢到达顶部转向辊的温度240℃。
测试方法同实施例1。经检测，本实施例制备的锌铝镁合金镀层钢材表面质量良好，具有优良的耐蚀性、成形性和涂装性。在中性盐雾试验条件下出现红锈的时间在2000h以上，镀层硬度为120，0T折弯后肉眼未见有明显裂纹且弯曲部位在中性盐雾试验条件下出现红锈的时间在1800h以上，喷涂后喷涂涂层的附着性优良，满足用户要求。
实施例3 本发明锌铝镁合金镀层钢材的制备
镀层重量500g/m 2(双面)，镀层的主要成分为：铝1.0％，镁1.0％，钒0.20％，硼0.15％，钙0.05％，铅0.002％，锑0.001％，铬0.001％，镉0.002％，锡0.002％，其余为锌；钢基为QP钢。
制备方法为：脱脂清洗、连续退火、热浸镀、气刀吹扫、冷却，其中脱脂清洗是将钢基脱脂处理后漂洗干净，连续退火过程以体积百分含量计控制炉内氢气4.0％，钢板入锌锅温度为440℃，热浸镀过程镀液温度为430℃，镀后快冷，带钢到达顶部转向辊的温度260℃。
测试方法同实施例1。经检测，本实施例制备的锌铝镁合金镀层钢材表面质量良好，具有优良的耐蚀性、成形性和涂装性。在中性盐雾试验条件下出现红锈的时间在4500h以上，镀层硬度为110，0T折弯后肉眼未见有明显裂纹且弯曲部位在中性盐雾试验条件下出现红锈的时间在4000h以上，喷涂后喷涂涂层的附着性优良，满足用户要求。
对比例
镀层重量180g/m 2(双面)，镀层的主要成分为：铝1.6％，镁1.8％，铅0.001％，锑0.001％，铬0.001％，镉0.001％，锡0.001％，其余为锌；钢基为烘烤硬化钢。
制备方法为：脱脂清洗、连续退火、热浸镀、气刀吹扫、冷却，其中脱脂清洗是将钢基脱脂处理后漂洗干净，连续退火过程以体积百分含量计控制炉内氢气4.0％，钢板入锌锅温度为460℃，热浸镀过程镀液温度为450℃，镀后快冷，带钢到达顶部转向辊的温度320℃。
测试方法同实施例1。经检测，本对比例制备的锌铝镁合金镀层钢材表面质量较差，存在横线缺陷，耐蚀性、成形性和涂装性略差。在中性盐雾试验条件下出现红锈的时间在1200h以上，镀层硬度为90，0T折弯后肉眼有轻微裂纹且弯曲部位在中性盐雾试验条件下出现红锈的时间在1100h以上，喷涂后喷涂涂层的附着性良好。
需要说明的是，本说明书中描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点可以在任一个或多个实施例中以合适的方式结合。此外，在不相互矛盾的情况下，本领域的技术人员可以将本说明书中描述的不同实施例以及不同实施例的特征进行结合和组合。

Claims (10)

  1. 含V、B的锌铝镁合金镀层钢材，其特征是：镀层的化学成分按质量百分比计为：铝0.4％～2.8％，镁0.5％～3.0％，钒0.005％～0.50％，硼0.001％～0.20％，其余为锌及不可避免的杂质；其中Al/Mg为0.8～1.5，钒+硼总量为0.01％～0.50％。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的含V、B的锌铝镁合金镀层钢材，其特征是：镀层的化学成分满足以下至少一项：
    镀层中含有铝1.0％～2.5％，镁1.0％～2.0％，钒0.02％～0.30％，硼0.03％～0.20％；
    Al/Mg为0.75～1.25；
    钒+硼总量为0.05％～0.20％。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的含V、B的锌铝镁合金镀层钢材，其特征是：所述不可避免的杂质总和≤0.010％，其中铅≤0.003％，锑≤0.002％，锡≤0.002％，砷≤0.001％，碲≤0.001％，镉≤0.002％。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的含V、B的锌铝镁合金镀层钢材，其特征是：所述镀层的重量为20～600g/m 2，以双面计；优选地，所述镀层的重量为40～400g/m 2，以双面计。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的含V、B的锌铝镁合金镀层钢材，其特征是：所述钢材的钢基选自IF钢、烘烤硬化钢、SPCC、SEDDQ、QP钢、DP钢、TRIP钢中至少一种；优选地，所述的IF钢为含P高强IF钢。
  6. 权利要求1～5任意一项所述含V、B的锌铝镁合金镀层钢材的制备方法，其特征是：包括以下步骤：钢基脱脂清洗，连续退火，热浸镀，气刀吹扫。
  7. 如权利要求6所述的含V、B的锌铝镁合金镀层钢材的制备方法，其特征是：连续退火过程控制炉内氢气≥4.0％，以体积百分含量计；优选地，连续退火过程控制炉内氢气4.0％～6.0％，以体积百分含量计。
  8. 如权利要求6所述的含V、B的锌铝镁合金镀层钢材的制备方法，其特征是：钢基入锌锅温度控制在400℃～520℃，热浸镀过程镀液温度为390℃～500℃，入锌锅温度与镀液温度的温差控制在±20℃。
  9. 如权利要求6所述的含V、B的锌铝镁合金镀层钢材的制备方法，其特征是：镀后快冷，控制带钢到达顶部转向辊的温度≤280℃；优选地，镀后快冷，控制带钢到达顶部转向辊的温度为240℃～260℃。
  10. 含V、B的锌铝镁合金镀层钢材，其特征是：按照权利要求6～9任意一项所述的锌铝镁合金镀层钢材的制备方法得到。
PCT/CN2022/109955 2021-11-30 2022-08-03 含v、b的锌铝镁合金镀层钢材及其制备方法 WO2023098125A1 (zh)

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