WO2023094944A1 - 表示装置、表示モジュールおよび電子機器 - Google Patents
表示装置、表示モジュールおよび電子機器 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2023094944A1 WO2023094944A1 PCT/IB2022/061052 IB2022061052W WO2023094944A1 WO 2023094944 A1 WO2023094944 A1 WO 2023094944A1 IB 2022061052 W IB2022061052 W IB 2022061052W WO 2023094944 A1 WO2023094944 A1 WO 2023094944A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- layer
- insulating layer
- light
- unit
- display device
- Prior art date
Links
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 91
- ROFVEXUMMXZLPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bipyridyl Chemical group N1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=N1 ROFVEXUMMXZLPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 239
- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 31
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 17
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 13
- 229920000178 Acrylic resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000004925 Acrylic resin Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 claims description 12
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910000314 transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000001339 alkali metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000000732 arylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000005549 heteroarylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 2332
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 470
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 387
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 137
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 135
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 131
- 238000005401 electroluminescence Methods 0.000 description 92
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 89
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 81
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 65
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 65
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 61
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 58
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 58
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 57
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 56
- -1 for example Chemical group 0.000 description 49
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 49
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 48
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 48
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 48
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 45
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 43
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 43
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 40
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 40
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 40
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 39
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 39
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 37
- 230000032258 transport Effects 0.000 description 35
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 34
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 32
- 230000005525 hole transport Effects 0.000 description 32
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 32
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 32
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 31
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 26
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 25
- 238000001312 dry etching Methods 0.000 description 24
- ODHXBMXNKOYIBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylamine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1N(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 ODHXBMXNKOYIBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 23
- PQXKHYXIUOZZFA-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium fluoride Chemical compound [Li+].[F-] PQXKHYXIUOZZFA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 23
- 238000000231 atomic layer deposition Methods 0.000 description 21
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 21
- 238000001039 wet etching Methods 0.000 description 21
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 20
- XESMNQMWRSEIET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,9-dinaphthalen-2-yl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC(C=2C=C3C=CC=CC3=CC=2)=NC2=C1C=CC1=C(C=3C=CC=CC=3)C=C(C=3C=C4C=CC=CC4=CC=3)N=C21 XESMNQMWRSEIET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- 239000007983 Tris buffer Substances 0.000 description 19
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 19
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 19
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 19
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 19
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 19
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 18
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 18
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 17
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 17
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 238000004768 lowest unoccupied molecular orbital Methods 0.000 description 16
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 description 15
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 15
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 238000001771 vacuum deposition Methods 0.000 description 15
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 15
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 14
- 150000002391 heterocyclic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 14
- MILUBEOXRNEUHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium(3+) Chemical compound [Ir+3] MILUBEOXRNEUHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 14
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- CUJRVFIICFDLGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetylacetonate Chemical compound CC(=O)[CH-]C(C)=O CUJRVFIICFDLGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 125000005577 anthracene group Chemical group 0.000 description 13
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 13
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 13
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 13
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 13
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 13
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen Substances N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- XJHCXCQVJFPJIK-UHFFFAOYSA-M caesium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[Cs+] XJHCXCQVJFPJIK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 12
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 12
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 12
- 238000000206 photolithography Methods 0.000 description 12
- WGTYBPLFGIVFAS-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetramethylammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].C[N+](C)(C)C WGTYBPLFGIVFAS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 12
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 12
- 230000001052 transient effect Effects 0.000 description 12
- 229910001111 Fine metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium Chemical compound [Ga] GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical group C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 150000004982 aromatic amines Chemical group 0.000 description 11
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 238000004770 highest occupied molecular orbital Methods 0.000 description 11
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 11
- 125000002524 organometallic group Chemical group 0.000 description 11
- 125000003373 pyrazinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 11
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 11
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 239000006087 Silane Coupling Agent Substances 0.000 description 10
- 125000005595 acetylacetonate group Chemical group 0.000 description 10
- 125000006239 protecting group Chemical group 0.000 description 10
- 125000000714 pyrimidinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 10
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 10
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000012790 adhesive layer Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthracene Chemical group C1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC=CC=C3C=C21 MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 125000000609 carbazolyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=2C3=CC=CC=C3NC12)* 0.000 description 8
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000000295 emission spectrum Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000002346 layers by function Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 8
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 8
- XMWRBQBLMFGWIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N C60 fullerene Chemical compound C12=C3C(C4=C56)=C7C8=C5C5=C9C%10=C6C6=C4C1=C1C4=C6C6=C%10C%10=C9C9=C%11C5=C8C5=C8C7=C3C3=C7C2=C1C1=C2C4=C6C4=C%10C6=C9C9=C%11C5=C5C8=C3C3=C7C1=C1C2=C4C6=C2C9=C5C3=C12 XMWRBQBLMFGWIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910052769 Ytterbium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 7
- 125000005331 diazinyl group Chemical group N1=NC(=CC=C1)* 0.000 description 7
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 125000006575 electron-withdrawing group Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 7
- FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium oxide Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-2] FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000005424 photoluminescence Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000006798 recombination Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000005215 recombination Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- NAWDYIZEMPQZHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ytterbium Chemical compound [Yb] NAWDYIZEMPQZHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- JYEUMXHLPRZUAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3-triazine Chemical group C1=CN=NN=C1 JYEUMXHLPRZUAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- DHDHJYNTEFLIHY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=NC2=C1C=CC1=C(C=3C=CC=CC=3)C=CN=C21 DHDHJYNTEFLIHY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- FCNCGHJSNVOIKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9,10-diphenylanthracene Chemical group C1=CC=CC=C1C(C1=CC=CC=C11)=C(C=CC=C2)C2=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 FCNCGHJSNVOIKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 101100365087 Arabidopsis thaliana SCRA gene Proteins 0.000 description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- XPDWGBQVDMORPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluoroform Chemical compound FC(F)F XPDWGBQVDMORPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 101000668165 Homo sapiens RNA-binding motif, single-stranded-interacting protein 1 Proteins 0.000 description 6
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 6
- 102100039692 RNA-binding motif, single-stranded-interacting protein 1 Human genes 0.000 description 6
- 101150105073 SCR1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 6
- 101100134054 Saccharomyces cerevisiae (strain ATCC 204508 / S288c) NTG1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 6
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 125000005605 benzo group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 6
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 125000002883 imidazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 6
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 6
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 6
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- AZFHXIBNMPIGOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-hydroxypent-3-en-2-one iridium Chemical compound [Ir].CC(O)=CC(C)=O.CC(O)=CC(C)=O.CC(O)=CC(C)=O AZFHXIBNMPIGOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Furan Chemical group C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000001716 carbazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 150000004696 coordination complex Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- TXCDCPKCNAJMEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibenzofuran Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3OC2=C1 TXCDCPKCNAJMEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- IYYZUPMFVPLQIF-ALWQSETLSA-N dibenzothiophene Chemical group C1=CC=CC=2[34S]C3=C(C=21)C=CC=C3 IYYZUPMFVPLQIF-ALWQSETLSA-N 0.000 description 5
- XUCJHNOBJLKZNU-UHFFFAOYSA-M dilithium;hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[OH-] XUCJHNOBJLKZNU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- 235000019441 ethanol Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 230000005281 excited state Effects 0.000 description 5
- 210000001508 eye Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 150000002484 inorganic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 5
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- IEQIEDJGQAUEQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalocyanine Chemical compound N1C(N=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C(N=C3C4=CC=CC=C4C(=N4)N3)=N2)=C(C=CC=C2)C2=C1N=C1C2=CC=CC=C2C4=N1 IEQIEDJGQAUEQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000009832 plasma treatment Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229920006122 polyamide resin Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 5
- PBMFSQRYOILNGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridazine Chemical group C1=CC=NN=C1 PBMFSQRYOILNGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000004528 spin coating Methods 0.000 description 5
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- JBQYATWDVHIOAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tellanylidenegermanium Chemical compound [Te]=[Ge] JBQYATWDVHIOAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- SPDPTFAJSFKAMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-n-[4-[4-(n-[4-(3-methyl-n-(3-methylphenyl)anilino)phenyl]anilino)phenyl]phenyl]-4-n,4-n-bis(3-methylphenyl)-1-n-phenylbenzene-1,4-diamine Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC(N(C=2C=CC(=CC=2)N(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC(=CC=2)C=2C=CC(=CC=2)N(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC(=CC=2)N(C=2C=C(C)C=CC=2)C=2C=C(C)C=CC=2)C=2C=C(C)C=CC=2)=C1 SPDPTFAJSFKAMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VFUDMQLBKNMONU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-[4-(4-carbazol-9-ylphenyl)phenyl]carbazole Chemical group C12=CC=CC=C2C2=CC=CC=C2N1C1=CC=C(C=2C=CC(=CC=2)N2C3=CC=CC=C3C3=CC=CC=C32)C=C1 VFUDMQLBKNMONU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920001609 Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229910008449 SnF 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thiophene Chemical group C=1C=CSC=1 YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- DGEZNRSVGBDHLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N [1,10]phenanthroline Chemical group C1=CN=C2C3=NC=CC=C3C=CC2=C1 DGEZNRSVGBDHLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- AZWHFTKIBIQKCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Sn+2]=O.[O-2].[In+3] Chemical compound [Sn+2]=O.[O-2].[In+3] AZWHFTKIBIQKCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000012670 alkaline solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000004380 ashing Methods 0.000 description 4
- WZJYKHNJTSNBHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzo[h]quinoline Chemical class C1=CN=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C=CC2=C1 WZJYKHNJTSNBHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- JFDZBHWFFUWGJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzonitrile Chemical compound N#CC1=CC=CC=C1 JFDZBHWFFUWGJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 4
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- XCJYREBRNVKWGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(II) phthalocyanine Chemical compound [Cu+2].C12=CC=CC=C2C(N=C2[N-]C(C3=CC=CC=C32)=N2)=NC1=NC([C]1C=CC=CC1=1)=NC=1N=C1[C]3C=CC=CC3=C2[N-]1 XCJYREBRNVKWGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000002484 cyclic voltammetry Methods 0.000 description 4
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 4
- IYYZUPMFVPLQIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibenzothiophene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3SC2=C1 IYYZUPMFVPLQIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910003472 fullerene Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910000449 hafnium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- WIHZLLGSGQNAGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium(4+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Hf+4] WIHZLLGSGQNAGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 210000003128 head Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- RBTKNAXYKSUFRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N heliogen blue Chemical compound [Cu].[N-]1C2=C(C=CC=C3)C3=C1N=C([N-]1)C3=CC=CC=C3C1=NC([N-]1)=C(C=CC=C3)C3=C1N=C([N-]1)C3=CC=CC=C3C1=N2 RBTKNAXYKSUFRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 4
- MRELNEQAGSRDBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[La+3].[La+3] MRELNEQAGSRDBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 4
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- PLDDOISOJJCEMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N neodymium(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Nd+3].[Nd+3] PLDDOISOJJCEMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052756 noble gas Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 125000002971 oxazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 229920002120 photoresistant polymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229920002037 poly(vinyl butyral) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000009719 polyimide resin Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 125000001567 quinoxalinyl group Chemical group N1=C(C=NC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 4
- YYMBJDOZVAITBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N rubrene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C(C1=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C2=CC=CC=C2C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C11)=C(C=CC=C2)C2=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 YYMBJDOZVAITBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QWENRTYMTSOGBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1H-1,2,3-Triazole Chemical group C=1C=NNN=1 QWENRTYMTSOGBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- AEJARLYXNFRVLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4H-1,2,3-triazole Chemical group C1C=NN=N1 AEJARLYXNFRVLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052693 Europium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YNPNZTXNASCQKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenanthrene Natural products C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C=CC2=C1 YNPNZTXNASCQKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- NRCMAYZCPIVABH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Quinacridone Chemical group N1C2=CC=CC=C2C(=O)C2=C1C=C1C(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3NC1=C2 NRCMAYZCPIVABH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- FZWLAAWBMGSTSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thiazole Chemical group C1=CSC=N1 FZWLAAWBMGSTSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- NRTOMJZYCJJWKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium nitride Chemical compound [Ti]#N NRTOMJZYCJJWKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000001454 anthracenes Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004305 biphenyl Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000000319 biphenyl-4-yl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1C1=C([H])C([H])=C([*])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 3
- 229910052792 caesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N caesium atom Chemical compound [Cs] TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- FJDQFPXHSGXQBY-UHFFFAOYSA-L caesium carbonate Chemical compound [Cs+].[Cs+].[O-]C([O-])=O FJDQFPXHSGXQBY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 229910000024 caesium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium difluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[Ca+2] WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(1+);methylsulfanylmethane;bromide Chemical compound Br[Cu].CSC PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001723 curing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910001882 dioxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- DKHNGUNXLDCATP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipyrazino[2,3-f:2',3'-h]quinoxaline-2,3,6,7,10,11-hexacarbonitrile Chemical group C12=NC(C#N)=C(C#N)N=C2C2=NC(C#N)=C(C#N)N=C2C2=C1N=C(C#N)C(C#N)=N2 DKHNGUNXLDCATP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 description 3
- OGPBJKLSAFTDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N europium atom Chemical compound [Eu] OGPBJKLSAFTDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000003983 fluorenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=2C3=CC=CC=C3CC12)* 0.000 description 3
- NBVXSUQYWXRMNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoromethane Chemical compound FC NBVXSUQYWXRMNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical group [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005247 gettering Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009477 glass transition Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium atom Chemical compound [Hf] VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 3
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- FFUAGWLWBBFQJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethyldisilazane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)N[Si](C)(C)C FFUAGWLWBBFQJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910003437 indium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium(iii) oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[In+3].[In+3] PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical group [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910001947 lithium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000004020 luminiscence type Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
- 150000002790 naphthalenes Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N neodymium atom Chemical group [Nd] QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000002080 perylenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=C2C=CC=C3C4=CC=CC5=CC=CC(C1=C23)=C45)* 0.000 description 3
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000005359 phenylpyridines Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000000623 plasma-assisted chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920003227 poly(N-vinyl carbazole) Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000003222 pyridines Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229940083082 pyrimidine derivative acting on arteriolar smooth muscle Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 150000003230 pyrimidines Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000002096 quantum dot Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000002943 quinolinyl group Chemical group N1=C(C=CC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000005580 triphenylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- UHXOHPVVEHBKKT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(2,2-diphenylethenyl)-4-[4-(2,2-diphenylethenyl)phenyl]benzene Chemical group C=1C=C(C=2C=CC(C=C(C=3C=CC=CC=3)C=3C=CC=CC=3)=CC=2)C=CC=1C=C(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 UHXOHPVVEHBKKT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XOYZGLGJSAZOAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-n,1-n,4-n-triphenyl-4-n-[4-[4-(n-[4-(n-phenylanilino)phenyl]anilino)phenyl]phenyl]benzene-1,4-diamine Chemical group C1=CC=CC=C1N(C=1C=CC(=CC=1)N(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C=1C=CC(=CC=1)C=1C=CC(=CC=1)N(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C=1C=CC(=CC=1)N(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 XOYZGLGJSAZOAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZABORCXHTNWZRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 10-[4-(4,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)phenyl]phenoxazine Chemical compound O1C2=CC=CC=C2N(C2=CC=C(C=C2)C2=NC(=NC(=N2)C2=CC=CC=C2)C2=CC=CC=C2)C2=C1C=CC=C2 ZABORCXHTNWZRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ASXSTQHYXCIZRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 10-phenylspiro[acridine-9,10'-anthracene]-9'-one Chemical compound C12=CC=CC=C2C(=O)C2=CC=CC=C2C1(C1=CC=CC=C11)C2=CC=CC=C2N1C1=CC=CC=C1 ASXSTQHYXCIZRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BFTIPCRZWILUIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,5,8,11-tetratert-butylperylene Chemical group CC(C)(C)C1=CC(C2=CC(C(C)(C)C)=CC=3C2=C2C=C(C=3)C(C)(C)C)=C3C2=CC(C(C)(C)C)=CC3=C1 BFTIPCRZWILUIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FQJQNLKWTRGIEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-5-[3-[5-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]phenyl]-1,3,4-oxadiazole Chemical compound C1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=CC=C1C1=NN=C(C=2C=C(C=CC=2)C=2OC(=NN=2)C=2C=CC(=CC=2)C(C)(C)C)O1 FQJQNLKWTRGIEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GEQBRULPNIVQPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[3,5-bis(1-phenylbenzimidazol-2-yl)phenyl]-1-phenylbenzimidazole Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1N1C2=CC=CC=C2N=C1C1=CC(C=2N(C3=CC=CC=C3N=2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=CC(C=2N(C3=CC=CC=C3N=2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 GEQBRULPNIVQPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZVFQEOPUXVPSLB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-4-phenyl-5-(4-phenylphenyl)-1,2,4-triazole Chemical compound C1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=CC=C1C(N1C=2C=CC=CC=2)=NN=C1C1=CC=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=C1 ZVFQEOPUXVPSLB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FTZXDZQJFKXEGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(9,9-dimethylacridin-10-yl)xanthen-9-one Chemical compound C12=CC=CC=C2C(C)(C)C2=CC=CC=C2N1C1=CC=C2C(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3OC2=C1 FTZXDZQJFKXEGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CINYXYWQPZSTOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-[3-[3,5-bis(3-pyridin-3-ylphenyl)phenyl]phenyl]pyridine Chemical compound C1=CN=CC(C=2C=C(C=CC=2)C=2C=C(C=C(C=2)C=2C=C(C=CC=2)C=2C=NC=CC=2)C=2C=C(C=CC=2)C=2C=NC=CC=2)=C1 CINYXYWQPZSTOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JWBHNEZMQMERHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5,6,11,12,17,18-hexaazatrinaphthylene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2N=C3C4=NC5=CC=CC=C5N=C4C4=NC5=CC=CC=C5N=C4C3=NC2=C1 JWBHNEZMQMERHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BGEVROQFKHXUQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 71012-25-4 Chemical group C12=CC=CC=C2C2=CC=CC=C2C2=C1C1=CC=CC=C1N2 BGEVROQFKHXUQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GJWBRYKOJMOBHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9,9-dimethyl-n-[4-(9-phenylcarbazol-3-yl)phenyl]-n-(4-phenylphenyl)fluoren-2-amine Chemical compound C1=C2C(C)(C)C3=CC=CC=C3C2=CC=C1N(C=1C=CC(=CC=1)C=1C=C2C3=CC=CC=C3N(C=3C=CC=CC=3)C2=CC=1)C(C=C1)=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 GJWBRYKOJMOBHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VDHOGVHFPFGPIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-[3-[5-(3-carbazol-9-ylphenyl)pyridin-3-yl]phenyl]carbazole Chemical compound C12=CC=CC=C2C2=CC=CC=C2N1C1=CC(C=2C=NC=C(C=2)C=2C=CC=C(C=2)N2C3=CC=CC=C3C3=CC=CC=C32)=CC=C1 VDHOGVHFPFGPIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UQVFZEYHQJJGPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-[4-(10-phenylanthracen-9-yl)phenyl]carbazole Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C(C1=CC=CC=C11)=C(C=CC=C2)C2=C1C1=CC=C(N2C3=CC=CC=C3C3=CC=CC=C32)C=C1 UQVFZEYHQJJGPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UJOBWOGCFQCDNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9H-carbazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3NC2=C1 UJOBWOGCFQCDNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002284 Cellulose triacetate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920000089 Cyclic olefin copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YKFRUJSEPGHZFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-trimethylsilylimidazole Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)N1C=CN=C1 YKFRUJSEPGHZFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004373 Pullulan Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001218 Pullulan Polymers 0.000 description 2
- CZPWVGJYEJSRLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrimidine Chemical compound C1=CN=CN=C1 CZPWVGJYEJSRLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Quinoline Chemical compound N1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910020994 Sn-Zn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910009069 Sn—Zn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- NNLVGZFZQQXQNW-ADJNRHBOSA-N [(2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-4,5-diacetyloxy-3-[(2s,3r,4s,5r,6r)-3,4,5-triacetyloxy-6-(acetyloxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-6-[(2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-4,5,6-triacetyloxy-2-(acetyloxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]methyl acetate Chemical compound O([C@@H]1O[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H](OC(C)=O)[C@H]1OC(C)=O)O[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@@H](OC(C)=O)[C@H](OC(C)=O)[C@@H](COC(C)=O)O1)OC(C)=O)COC(=O)C)[C@@H]1[C@@H](COC(C)=O)O[C@@H](OC(C)=O)[C@H](OC(C)=O)[C@H]1OC(C)=O NNLVGZFZQQXQNW-ADJNRHBOSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MCEWYIDBDVPMES-UHFFFAOYSA-N [60]pcbm Chemical compound C123C(C4=C5C6=C7C8=C9C%10=C%11C%12=C%13C%14=C%15C%16=C%17C%18=C(C=%19C=%20C%18=C%18C%16=C%13C%13=C%11C9=C9C7=C(C=%20C9=C%13%18)C(C7=%19)=C96)C6=C%11C%17=C%15C%13=C%15C%14=C%12C%12=C%10C%10=C85)=C9C7=C6C2=C%11C%13=C2C%15=C%12C%10=C4C23C1(CCCC(=O)OC)C1=CC=CC=C1 MCEWYIDBDVPMES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004847 absorption spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- DZBUGLKDJFMEHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N acridine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC=CC=C3N=C21 DZBUGLKDJFMEHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001515 alkali metal fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001341 alkaline earth metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910001618 alkaline earth metal fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910021417 amorphous silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229940027991 antiseptic and disinfectant quinoline derivative Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 125000002029 aromatic hydrocarbon group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- UMIVXZPTRXBADB-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzocyclobutene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2CCC2=C1 UMIVXZPTRXBADB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052790 beryllium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N beryllium atom Chemical group [Be] ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GQVWHWAWLPCBHB-UHFFFAOYSA-L beryllium;benzo[h]quinolin-10-olate Chemical compound [Be+2].C1=CC=NC2=C3C([O-])=CC=CC3=CC=C21.C1=CC=NC2=C3C([O-])=CC=CC3=CC=C21 GQVWHWAWLPCBHB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 125000006267 biphenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- DQXBYHZEEUGOBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N but-3-enoic acid;ethene Chemical compound C=C.OC(=O)CC=C DQXBYHZEEUGOBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YVVVSJAMVJMZRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N c1cncc(c1)-c1cccc(c1)-c1cccc(c1)-c1nc(nc(n1)-c1cccc(c1)-c1cccc(c1)-c1cccnc1)-c1cccc(c1)-c1cccc(c1)-c1cccnc1 Chemical compound c1cncc(c1)-c1cccc(c1)-c1cccc(c1)-c1nc(nc(n1)-c1cccc(c1)-c1cccc(c1)-c1cccnc1)-c1cccc(c1)-c1cccc(c1)-c1cccnc1 YVVVSJAMVJMZRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical group [Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce] ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- VPUGDVKSAQVFFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N coronene Chemical compound C1=C(C2=C34)C=CC3=CC=C(C=C3)C4=C4C3=CC=C(C=C3)C4=C2C3=C1 VPUGDVKSAQVFFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- KZPXREABEBSAQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclopenta-1,3-diene;nickel(2+) Chemical compound [Ni+2].C=1C=C[CH-]C=1.C=1C=C[CH-]C=1 KZPXREABEBSAQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000004826 dibenzofurans Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- AJNVQOSZGJRYEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N digallium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Ga+3].[Ga+3] AJNVQOSZGJRYEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 2
- KPUWHANPEXNPJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N disiloxane Chemical class [SiH3]O[SiH3] KPUWHANPEXNPJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000005038 ethylene vinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000000744 eyelid Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000005669 field effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002220 fluorenes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000002240 furans Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910001195 gallium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N haloperidol Chemical compound C1CC(O)(C=2C=CC(Cl)=CC=2)CCN1CCCC(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000013007 heat curing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002390 heteroarenes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L hydroxy(oxo)manganese;manganese Chemical compound [Mn].O[Mn]=O.O[Mn]=O AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 150000002460 imidazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000003949 imides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 2
- AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium;oxotin Chemical compound [In].[Sn]=O AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VVVPGLRKXQSQSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N indolo[3,2-c]carbazole Chemical group C1=CC=CC2=NC3=C4C5=CC=CC=C5N=C4C=CC3=C21 VVVPGLRKXQSQSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940079865 intestinal antiinfectives imidazole derivative Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000002361 inverse photoelectron spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002605 large molecules Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L lithium carbonate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-]C([O-])=O XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910052808 lithium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000005389 magnetism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004776 molecular orbital Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000476 molybdenum oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910021421 monocrystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- MSCLVLGBAGCXEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-phenyl-n-[4-(9-phenylcarbazol-3-yl)phenyl]-9,9'-spirobi[fluorene]-2-amine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1N(C=1C=C2C3(C4=CC=CC=C4C4=CC=CC=C43)C3=CC=CC=C3C2=CC=1)C1=CC=C(C=2C=C3C4=CC=CC=C4N(C=4C=CC=CC=4)C3=CC=2)C=C1 MSCLVLGBAGCXEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FPOBXNYAWLLCGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel(2+);1,2,3,4,5-pentamethylcyclopenta-1,3-diene Chemical compound [Ni+2].CC=1C(C)=C(C)[C-](C)C=1C.CC=1C(C)=C(C)[C-](C)C=1C FPOBXNYAWLLCGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QGLKJKCYBOYXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonaoxidotritungsten Chemical compound O=[W]1(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O1 QGLKJKCYBOYXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000004866 oxadiazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000007978 oxazole derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- SIWVEOZUMHYXCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoyttriooxy)yttrium Chemical compound O=[Y]O[Y]=O SIWVEOZUMHYXCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PQQKPALAQIIWST-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxomolybdenum Chemical compound [Mo]=O PQQKPALAQIIWST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BPUBBGLMJRNUCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);tantalum(5+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Ta+5].[Ta+5] BPUBBGLMJRNUCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 2
- CSHWQDPOILHKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N peryrene Natural products C1=CC(C2=CC=CC=3C2=C2C=CC=3)=C3C2=CC=CC3=C1 CSHWQDPOILHKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000005041 phenanthrolines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229920001568 phenolic resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 125000001484 phenothiazinyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=2SC3=CC=CC=C3NC12)* 0.000 description 2
- 125000001644 phenoxazinyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=2OC3=CC=CC=C3NC12)* 0.000 description 2
- 238000001296 phosphorescence spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000016 photochemical curing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001420 photoelectron spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005240 physical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- SIOXPEMLGUPBBT-UHFFFAOYSA-M picolinate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=N1 SIOXPEMLGUPBBT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229920001200 poly(ethylene-vinyl acetate) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000172 poly(styrenesulfonic acid) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910021420 polycrystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000019423 pullulan Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000004549 pulsed laser deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000003220 pyrenes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000000168 pyrrolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000003248 quinolines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229930195734 saturated hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 238000006748 scratching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002393 scratching effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920002050 silicone resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 150000003384 small molecules Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 2
- ANOBYBYXJXCGBS-UHFFFAOYSA-L stannous fluoride Chemical compound F[Sn]F ANOBYBYXJXCGBS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000003457 sulfones Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- SFZCNBIFKDRMGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur hexafluoride Chemical compound FS(F)(F)(F)(F)F SFZCNBIFKDRMGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940042055 systemic antimycotics triazole derivative Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229910001936 tantalum oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- TXEYQDLBPFQVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoromethane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)F TXEYQDLBPFQVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JIIYLLUYRFRKMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrathianaphthacene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=C3SSC(C4=CC=CC=C44)=C3C3=C4SSC3=C21 JIIYLLUYRFRKMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002230 thermal chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000007979 thiazole derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000003577 thiophenes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000004665 trialkylsilyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229910001930 tungsten oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical group [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- IWZZBBJTIUYDPZ-DVACKJPTSA-N (z)-4-hydroxypent-3-en-2-one;iridium;2-phenylpyridine Chemical compound [Ir].C\C(O)=C\C(C)=O.[C-]1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=N1.[C-]1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=N1 IWZZBBJTIUYDPZ-DVACKJPTSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XGCDBGRZEKYHNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-bis(diphenylphosphino)methane Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)CP(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 XGCDBGRZEKYHNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FIDRAVVQGKNYQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3,4-tetrahydrotriazine Chemical compound C1NNNC=C1 FIDRAVVQGKNYQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UPWZWQGQRNPKTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3-trimethylidenecyclopropane Chemical class C=C1C(=C)C1=C UPWZWQGQRNPKTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTSZQXSYCGBHMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,4-trichloro-3-prop-1-ynoxybenzene Chemical compound CC#COC1=C(Cl)C=CC(Cl)=C1Cl RTSZQXSYCGBHMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XFDYBCQHRPMIGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-N,6-N-bis(3-methylphenyl)-1-N,6-N-bis[3-(9-phenylfluoren-9-yl)phenyl]pyrene-1,6-diamine Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC(N(C=2C=C(C=CC=2)C2(C3=CC=CC=C3C3=CC=CC=C32)C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C3=CC=C4C=CC(=C5C=CC(C3=C54)=CC=2)N(C=2C=C(C)C=CC=2)C=2C=C(C=CC=2)C2(C3=CC=CC=C3C3=CC=CC=C32)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 XFDYBCQHRPMIGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IPNLBJDLLBQZDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-N,6-N-diphenyl-1-N,6-N-bis[4-(9-phenylfluoren-9-yl)phenyl]pyrene-1,6-diamine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1N(C=1C2=CC=C3C=CC(=C4C=CC(C2=C43)=CC=1)N(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C=1C=CC(=CC=1)C1(C2=CC=CC=C2C2=CC=CC=C21)C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=C(C2(C3=CC=CC=C3C3=CC=CC=C32)C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=C1 IPNLBJDLLBQZDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XQNXAFHTOWJFTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-azafluoranthene Chemical group C1=NC(C2=CC=CC=C22)=C3C2=CC=CC3=C1 XQNXAFHTOWJFTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FCEHBMOGCRZNNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-benzothiophene Chemical class C1=CC=C2SC=CC2=C1 FCEHBMOGCRZNNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FQNVFRPAQRVHKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-n,4-n-bis(4-methylphenyl)-1-n,4-n-diphenylbenzene-1,4-diamine Chemical compound C1=CC(C)=CC=C1N(C=1C=CC(=CC=1)N(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C=1C=CC(C)=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 FQNVFRPAQRVHKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001637 1-naphthyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C2C(*)=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C2=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- MYKQKWIPLZEVOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 11h-benzo[a]carbazole Chemical group C1=CC2=CC=CC=C2C2=C1C1=CC=CC=C1N2 MYKQKWIPLZEVOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OOWLPGTVRWFLCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,6,7-tetramethyl-9,10-dinaphthalen-1-ylanthracene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(C=3C4=CC(C)=C(C)C=C4C(C=4C5=CC=CC=C5C=CC=4)=C4C=C(C(=CC4=3)C)C)=CC=CC2=C1 OOWLPGTVRWFLCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JEBPFDQAOYARIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,6,7-tetramethyl-9,10-dinaphthalen-2-ylanthracene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC(C=3C4=CC(C)=C(C)C=C4C(C=4C=C5C=CC=CC5=CC=4)=C4C=C(C(=CC4=3)C)C)=CC=C21 JEBPFDQAOYARIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HQYLCTWBSBBHPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-bis[4-(10-phenylanthracen-9-yl)phenyl]-6-pyridin-2-ylpyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C(C1=CC=CC=C11)=C(C=CC=C2)C2=C1C1=CC=C(C=2C(=NC(=CC=2)C=2N=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC(=CC=2)C=2C3=CC=CC=C3C(C=3C=CC=CC=3)=C3C=CC=CC3=2)C=C1 HQYLCTWBSBBHPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CNSRBJWFPJMRFB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,8-diphenyl-4-[4-(9-phenylfluoren-9-yl)phenyl]dibenzothiophene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=C(SC=2C3=CC(=CC=2C=2C=CC(=CC=2)C2(C4=CC=CC=C4C4=CC=CC=C42)C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)C3=C1 CNSRBJWFPJMRFB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XANIFASCQKHXRC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)phenol zinc Chemical compound [Zn].Oc1ccccc1-c1nc2ccccc2s1.Oc1ccccc1-c1nc2ccccc2s1 XANIFASCQKHXRC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UOCMXZLNHQBBOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(1,3-benzoxazol-2-yl)phenol zinc Chemical compound [Zn].Oc1ccccc1-c1nc2ccccc2o1.Oc1ccccc1-c1nc2ccccc2o1 UOCMXZLNHQBBOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YDNOJUAQBFXZCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorophenyl)acetonitrile Chemical compound FC1=C(F)C(F)=C(CC#N)C(F)=C1F YDNOJUAQBFXZCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GJLCPQHEVZERAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-dibenzothiophen-4-ylphenyl)-1-phenylbenzimidazole Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1N1C2=CC=CC=C2N=C1C1=CC=CC(C=2C=3SC4=CC=CC=C4C=3C=CC=2)=C1 GJLCPQHEVZERAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IZJOTDOLRQTPHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(4-carbazol-9-ylphenyl)-5-phenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=NN=C(C=2C=CC(=CC=2)N2C3=CC=CC=C3C3=CC=CC=C32)O1 IZJOTDOLRQTPHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QUOSAXMWQSSMJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2,6-bis[2-[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]ethenyl]pyran-4-ylidene]propanedinitrile Chemical compound C1=CC(N(C)C)=CC=C1C=CC1=CC(=C(C#N)C#N)C=C(C=CC=2C=CC(=CC=2)N(C)C)O1 QUOSAXMWQSSMJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YLYPIBBGWLKELC-RMKNXTFCSA-N 2-[2-[(e)-2-[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]ethenyl]-6-methylpyran-4-ylidene]propanedinitrile Chemical compound C1=CC(N(C)C)=CC=C1\C=C\C1=CC(=C(C#N)C#N)C=C(C)O1 YLYPIBBGWLKELC-RMKNXTFCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GQHHVYVOXGUBCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[3-(3-naphtho[2,1-b][1]benzofuran-6-ylphenyl)phenyl]-4,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-triazine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=2C=C(C3=C(C4=C(O3)C=CC=C4)C1=2)C=1C=C(C=CC=1)C=1C=C(C=CC=1)C1=NC(=NC(=N1)C1=CC=CC=C1)C1=CC=CC=C1 GQHHVYVOXGUBCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YIHLSMFTIQUSPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[3-(3-naphtho[2,1-b][1]benzofuran-8-ylphenyl)phenyl]-4,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-triazine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=2C=CC3=C(C4=C(O3)C(=CC=C4)C=3C=C(C=CC=3)C=3C=C(C=CC=3)C3=NC(=NC(=N3)C3=CC=CC=C3)C3=CC=CC=C3)C1=2 YIHLSMFTIQUSPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CUDDLYMAQMEZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[3-[3-(9,9-dimethylfluoren-2-yl)phenyl]phenyl]-4,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-triazine Chemical compound CC1(C)C2=CC=CC=C2C2=C1C=C(C=C2)C1=CC=CC(=C1)C1=CC(=CC=C1)C1=NC(=NC(=N1)C1=CC=CC=C1)C1=CC=CC=C1 CUDDLYMAQMEZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IXHWGNYCZPISET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[4-(dicyanomethylidene)-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorocyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene]propanedinitrile Chemical compound FC1=C(F)C(=C(C#N)C#N)C(F)=C(F)C1=C(C#N)C#N IXHWGNYCZPISET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LLXZUMSHKWCWPG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[7-(dicyanomethylidene)-1,3,4,5,6,8,9,10-octafluoropyren-2-ylidene]propanedinitrile Chemical compound N#CC(C#N)=C1C(F)=C2C(F)=C(F)C3=C(F)C(=C(C#N)C#N)C(F)=C(C(F)=C4F)C3=C2C4=C1F LLXZUMSHKWCWPG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxy-6-methylphenol Chemical compound [CH]OC1=CC=CC([CH])=C1O KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IYKBMPHOPLFHAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-phenyl-1,10-phenanthroline Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=C(C=CC=2C3=NC=CC=2)C3=N1 IYKBMPHOPLFHAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ILDKHSWQKHOBBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-phenyl-4-(4-phenylphenyl)-6-(9,9'-spirobi[fluorene]-2-yl)-1,3,5-triazine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=C(C=2N=C(N=C(N=2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=C3C4(C5=CC=CC=C5C5=CC=CC=C54)C4=CC=CC=C4C3=CC=2)C=C1 ILDKHSWQKHOBBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VQGHOUODWALEFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-phenylpyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=N1 VQGHOUODWALEFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IBHNCJLKIQIKFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-tert-butyl-9,10-bis(2-naphthalen-1-ylphenyl)anthracene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(C3=CC=CC=C3C3=C4C=CC=CC4=C(C=4C(=CC=CC=4)C=4C5=CC=CC=C5C=CC=4)C4=CC=C(C=C43)C(C)(C)C)=CC=CC2=C1 IBHNCJLKIQIKFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MNHPNCZSKTUPMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-tert-butyl-9,10-bis(4-phenylphenyl)anthracene Chemical compound C=12C=CC=CC2=C(C=2C=CC(=CC=2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)C2=CC(C(C)(C)C)=CC=C2C=1C(C=C1)=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 MNHPNCZSKTUPMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ONMVVYFKZFORGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-tert-butyl-9,10-dinaphthalen-1-ylanthracene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(C3=C4C=CC=CC4=C(C=4C5=CC=CC=C5C=CC=4)C4=CC=C(C=C43)C(C)(C)C)=CC=CC2=C1 ONMVVYFKZFORGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OBAJPWYDYFEBTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-tert-butyl-9,10-dinaphthalen-2-ylanthracene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC(C3=C4C=CC=CC4=C(C=4C=C5C=CC=CC5=CC=4)C4=CC=C(C=C43)C(C)(C)C)=CC=C21 OBAJPWYDYFEBTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WBPXZSIKOVBSAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-tert-butylanthracene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC(C(C)(C)C)=CC=C3C=C21 WBPXZSIKOVBSAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GWHSOUPRKHXZPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,6-bis(3,5-diphenylphenyl)-9-phenylcarbazole Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=CC(C=2C=C3C4=CC(=CC=C4N(C=4C=CC=CC=4)C3=CC=2)C=2C=C(C=C(C=2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 GWHSOUPRKHXZPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MKAQNAJLIITRHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(3-dibenzothiophen-4-ylphenyl)phenanthro[9,10-b]pyrazine Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=NC(C=4C=CC=C(C=4)C4=C5SC=6C(C5=CC=C4)=CC=CC=6)=CN=C3C3=CC=CC=C3C2=C1 MKAQNAJLIITRHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WAJDLGKOJABKAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(4-naphthalen-1-ylphenyl)-9-phenylcarbazole Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1N1C2=CC=C(C=3C=CC(=CC=3)C=3C4=CC=CC=C4C=CC=3)C=C2C2=CC=CC=C21 WAJDLGKOJABKAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NRELWBPPAKVJAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(9-naphthalen-2-ylcarbazol-3-yl)-9-phenylcarbazole Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1N1C2=CC=C(C=3C=C4C5=CC=CC=C5N(C=5C=C6C=CC=CC6=CC=5)C4=CC=3)C=C2C2=CC=CC=C21 NRELWBPPAKVJAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GKTLHQFSIDFAJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(9h-carbazol-3-yl)-9-phenylcarbazole Chemical group C1=CC=CC=C1N1C2=CC=C(C=3C=C4C5=CC=CC=C5NC4=CC=3)C=C2C2=CC=CC=C21 GKTLHQFSIDFAJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TVMBOHMLKCZFFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-N,6-N,9-triphenyl-3-N,6-N-bis(9-phenylcarbazol-3-yl)carbazole-3,6-diamine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1N(C=1C=C2C3=CC(=CC=C3N(C=3C=CC=CC=3)C2=CC=1)N(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C=1C=C2C3=CC=CC=C3N(C=3C=CC=CC=3)C2=CC=1)C1=CC=C(N(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C3=CC=CC=2)C3=C1 TVMBOHMLKCZFFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LLDZJTIZVZFNCM-UHFFFAOYSA-J 3-[18-(2-carboxyethyl)-8,13-diethyl-3,7,12,17-tetramethylporphyrin-21,24-diid-2-yl]propanoic acid;dichlorotin(2+) Chemical compound [H+].[H+].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Sn+4].[N-]1C(C=C2C(=C(C)C(=CC=3C(=C(C)C(=C4)N=3)CC)[N-]2)CCC([O-])=O)=C(CCC([O-])=O)C(C)=C1C=C1C(C)=C(CC)C4=N1 LLDZJTIZVZFNCM-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- PCUTZMWETFJZDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-[3-(3-carbazol-9-ylphenyl)phenyl]phenanthro[9,10-b]pyrazine Chemical compound C12=CC=CC=C2C2=CC=CC=C2N1C1=CC(C=2C=CC=C(C=2)C=2N=C3C4=CC=CC=C4C4=CC=CC=C4C3=NC=2)=CC=C1 PCUTZMWETFJZDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MFWOWURWNZHYLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-[3-(3-dibenzothiophen-4-ylphenyl)phenyl]phenanthro[9,10-b]pyrazine Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=NC(C=4C=CC=C(C=4)C=4C=CC=C(C=4)C4=C5SC=6C(C5=CC=C4)=CC=CC=6)=CN=C3C3=CC=CC=C3C2=C1 MFWOWURWNZHYLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YZVHVEPVYPALFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-[3-[3-(9-phenylcarbazol-3-yl)carbazol-9-yl]phenyl]phenanthro[9,10-b]pyrazine Chemical compound C1(=CC=CC=C1)N1C2=CC=CC=C2C=2C=C(C=CC1=2)C=1C=CC=2N(C3=CC=CC=C3C=2C=1)C=1C=C(C=CC=1)C1=NC2=C3C(=C4C(=C2N=C1)C=CC=C4)C=CC=C3 YZVHVEPVYPALFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KYYFFLQBMZRHNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-[9-(4,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)carbazol-3-yl]-9-phenylcarbazole Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=NC(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=NC(N2C3=CC=C(C=C3C3=CC=CC=C32)C=2C=C3C4=CC=CC=C4N(C=4C=CC=CC=4)C3=CC=2)=N1 KYYFFLQBMZRHNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QVSJCRDHNCCXFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-[9-[4-(4,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)phenyl]carbazol-3-yl]-9-phenylcarbazole Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=NC(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=NC(C=2C=CC(=CC=2)N2C3=CC=C(C=C3C3=CC=CC=C32)C=2C=C3C4=CC=CC=C4N(C=4C=CC=CC=4)C3=CC=2)=N1 QVSJCRDHNCCXFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OGGKVJMNFFSDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methyl-n-[4-[4-(n-(3-methylphenyl)anilino)phenyl]phenyl]-n-phenylaniline Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC(N(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC(=CC=2)C=2C=CC(=CC=2)N(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=C(C)C=CC=2)=C1 OGGKVJMNFFSDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGVHCUNJUVMAKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,6-bis(3-phenanthren-9-ylphenyl)pyrimidine Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(C=3C=CC=C(C=3)C=3C=C(N=CN=3)C=3C=CC=C(C=3)C=3C4=CC=CC=C4C4=CC=CC=C4C=3)=CC3=CC=CC=C3C2=C1 DGVHCUNJUVMAKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UTKXUMCKRYEWMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,8-bis(3-dibenzothiophen-4-ylphenyl)-[1]benzofuro[3,2-d]pyrimidine Chemical compound C1=CC=C(C=2SC3=C(C=21)C=CC=C3)C=1C=C(C=CC=1)C=1C2=C(N=CN=1)C1=C(O2)C=CC(=C1)C1=CC(=CC=C1)C1=CC=CC2=C1SC1=C2C=CC=C1 UTKXUMCKRYEWMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BIJJLYJOVVOVMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,8-bis(3-dibenzothiophen-4-ylphenyl)benzo[h]quinazoline Chemical compound C1=CC=C(C=2SC3=C(C=21)C=CC=C3)C=1C=C(C=CC=1)C1=NC=NC2=C3C(=CC=C12)C=C(C=C3)C1=CC(=CC=C1)C1=CC=CC2=C1SC1=C2C=CC=C1 BIJJLYJOVVOVMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HXWWMGJBPGRWRS-CMDGGOBGSA-N 4- -2-tert-butyl-6- -4h-pyran Chemical compound O1C(C(C)(C)C)=CC(=C(C#N)C#N)C=C1\C=C\C1=CC(C(CCN2CCC3(C)C)(C)C)=C2C3=C1 HXWWMGJBPGRWRS-CMDGGOBGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YLYPIBBGWLKELC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(dicyanomethylene)-2-methyl-6-(4-(dimethylamino)styryl)-4H-pyran Chemical compound C1=CC(N(C)C)=CC=C1C=CC1=CC(=C(C#N)C#N)C=C(C)O1 YLYPIBBGWLKELC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZNJRONVKWRHYBF-VOTSOKGWSA-N 4-(dicyanomethylene)-2-methyl-6-julolidyl-9-enyl-4h-pyran Chemical compound O1C(C)=CC(=C(C#N)C#N)C=C1\C=C\C1=CC(CCCN2CCC3)=C2C3=C1 ZNJRONVKWRHYBF-VOTSOKGWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RVTNHUBWDWSZKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[3-[3-(9-phenylfluoren-9-yl)phenyl]phenyl]dibenzofuran Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1(C=2C=C(C=CC=2)C=2C=C(C=CC=2)C=2C=3OC4=CC=CC=C4C=3C=CC=2)C2=CC=CC=C2C2=CC=CC=C21 RVTNHUBWDWSZKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LGDCSNDMFFFSHY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-butyl-n,n-diphenylaniline Polymers C1=CC(CCCC)=CC=C1N(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 LGDCSNDMFFFSHY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HGHBHXZNXIDZIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-n-(9,10-diphenylanthracen-2-yl)-1-n,1-n,4-n-triphenylbenzene-1,4-diamine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1N(C=1C=CC(=CC=1)N(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C=1C=C2C(C=3C=CC=CC=3)=C3C=CC=CC3=C(C=3C=CC=CC=3)C2=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 HGHBHXZNXIDZIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IJVFZXJHZBXCJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-n-[4-(9,10-diphenylanthracen-2-yl)phenyl]-1-n,1-n,4-n-triphenylbenzene-1,4-diamine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1N(C=1C=CC(=CC=1)N(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C=1C=CC(=CC=1)C=1C=C2C(C=3C=CC=CC=3)=C3C=CC=CC3=C(C=3C=CC=CC=3)C2=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 IJVFZXJHZBXCJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KLNDKWAYVMOOFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-n-[9,10-bis(2-phenylphenyl)anthracen-2-yl]-1-n,1-n,4-n-triphenylbenzene-1,4-diamine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1N(C=1C=CC(=CC=1)N(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C=1C=C2C(C=3C(=CC=CC=3)C=3C=CC=CC=3)=C3C=CC=CC3=C(C=3C(=CC=CC=3)C=3C=CC=CC=3)C2=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 KLNDKWAYVMOOFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OPYUBDQDQKABTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-phenyl-6-[4-(9-phenylfluoren-9-yl)phenyl]dibenzothiophene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC2=C1SC1=C(C=3C=CC(=CC=3)C3(C4=CC=CC=C4C4=CC=CC=C43)C=3C=CC=CC=3)C=CC=C12 OPYUBDQDQKABTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KIYZNTXHGDXHQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5,12-diphenyl-6,11-bis(4-phenylphenyl)tetracene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=C(C=2C3=C(C=4C=CC=CC=4)C4=CC=CC=C4C(C=4C=CC=CC=4)=C3C(C=3C=CC(=CC=3)C=3C=CC=CC=3)=C3C=CC=CC3=2)C=C1 KIYZNTXHGDXHQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TYGSHIPXFUQBJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-n,5-n,11-n,11-n-tetrakis(4-methylphenyl)tetracene-5,11-diamine Chemical compound C1=CC(C)=CC=C1N(C=1C2=CC3=CC=CC=C3C(N(C=3C=CC(C)=CC=3)C=3C=CC(C)=CC=3)=C2C=C2C=CC=CC2=1)C1=CC=C(C)C=C1 TYGSHIPXFUQBJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WTHBTUVMXUWUNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-[3-(9,10-diphenylanthracen-2-yl)phenyl]naphtho[2,1-b][1]benzofuran Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C(C1=CC=C(C=C11)C=2C=C(C=CC=2)C=2C=3OC4=CC=CC=C4C=3C3=CC=CC=C3C=2)=C(C=CC=C2)C2=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 WTHBTUVMXUWUNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JFHIIYSJKXQYIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7-[4-(10-phenyl-9-anthryl)phenyl]-7h-dibenzo[c,g]carbazole Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C(C1=CC=CC=C11)=C(C=CC=C2)C2=C1C1=CC=C(N2C3=C(C4=CC=CC=C4C=C3)C3=C4C=CC=CC4=CC=C32)C=C1 JFHIIYSJKXQYIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UOOBIWAELCOCHK-BQYQJAHWSA-N 870075-87-9 Chemical compound O1C(C(C)C)=CC(=C(C#N)C#N)C=C1\C=C\C1=CC(C(CCN2CCC3(C)C)(C)C)=C2C3=C1 UOOBIWAELCOCHK-BQYQJAHWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RZVHIXYEVGDQDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9,10-anthraquinone Chemical group C1=CC=C2C(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3C(=O)C2=C1 RZVHIXYEVGDQDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NKEZXXDRXPPROK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9,10-bis(2-naphthalen-1-ylphenyl)anthracene Chemical compound C12=CC=CC=C2C(C2=CC=CC=C2C=2C3=CC=CC=C3C=CC=2)=C(C=CC=C2)C2=C1C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C12 NKEZXXDRXPPROK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- USIXUMGAHVBSHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9,10-bis(3,5-diphenylphenyl)anthracene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=CC(C=2C3=CC=CC=C3C(C=3C=C(C=C(C=3)C=3C=CC=CC=3)C=3C=CC=CC=3)=C3C=CC=CC3=2)=C1 USIXUMGAHVBSHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RSRXYYMFVWHYBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9,10-bis(methylcarbamoyl)perylene-3,4-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound C=12C3=CC=C(C(O)=O)C2=C(C(O)=O)C=CC=1C1=CC=C(C(=O)NC)C2=C1C3=CC=C2C(=O)NC RSRXYYMFVWHYBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BITWULPDIGXQDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9,10-bis[4-(2,2-diphenylethenyl)phenyl]anthracene Chemical compound C=1C=C(C=2C3=CC=CC=C3C(C=3C=CC(C=C(C=4C=CC=CC=4)C=4C=CC=CC=4)=CC=3)=C3C=CC=CC3=2)C=CC=1C=C(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 BITWULPDIGXQDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VIZUPBYFLORCRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9,10-dinaphthalen-2-ylanthracene Chemical compound C12=CC=CC=C2C(C2=CC3=CC=CC=C3C=C2)=C(C=CC=C2)C2=C1C1=CC=C(C=CC=C2)C2=C1 VIZUPBYFLORCRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QUSBGJQBCNEPES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9,9-dimethyl-n-phenyl-n-[4-(9-phenylcarbazol-3-yl)phenyl]fluoren-2-amine Chemical compound C1=C2C(C)(C)C3=CC=CC=C3C2=CC=C1N(C=1C=CC(=CC=1)C=1C=C2C3=CC=CC=C3N(C=3C=CC=CC=3)C2=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 QUSBGJQBCNEPES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OEYLQYLOSLLBTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-(2-phenylphenyl)-10-[10-(2-phenylphenyl)anthracen-9-yl]anthracene Chemical group C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1C(C1=CC=CC=C11)=C(C=CC=C2)C2=C1C(C1=CC=CC=C11)=C(C=CC=C2)C2=C1C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 OEYLQYLOSLLBTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MZYDBGLUVPLRKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-(3-carbazol-9-ylphenyl)carbazole Chemical compound C12=CC=CC=C2C2=CC=CC=C2N1C1=CC(N2C3=CC=CC=C3C3=CC=CC=C32)=CC=C1 MZYDBGLUVPLRKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SMFWPCTUTSVMLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-N,9-N,21-N,21-N-tetrakis(4-methylphenyl)-4,15-diphenylheptacyclo[12.10.1.13,7.02,12.018,25.019,24.011,26]hexacosa-1,3,5,7,9,11(26),12,14,16,18(25),19(24),20,22-tridecaene-9,21-diamine Chemical compound C1=CC(C)=CC=C1N(C=1C=C2C(C=3[C]4C5=C(C=6C=CC=CC=6)C=CC6=CC(=CC([C]56)=C4C=C4C(C=5C=CC=CC=5)=CC=C2C=34)N(C=2C=CC(C)=CC=2)C=2C=CC(C)=CC=2)=CC=1)C1=CC=C(C)C=C1 SMFWPCTUTSVMLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XCICDYGIJBPNPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-[4-[3,5-bis(4-carbazol-9-ylphenyl)phenyl]phenyl]carbazole Chemical compound C12=CC=CC=C2C2=CC=CC=C2N1C1=CC=C(C=2C=C(C=C(C=2)C=2C=CC(=CC=2)N2C3=CC=CC=C3C3=CC=CC=C32)C=2C=CC(=CC=2)N2C3=CC=CC=C3C3=CC=CC=C32)C=C1 XCICDYGIJBPNPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZWSVEGKGLOHGIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-[4-[4-(4-carbazol-9-ylphenyl)-2,3,5,6-tetraphenylphenyl]phenyl]carbazole Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C(C(=C(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C(C=1C=CC=CC=1)=C1C=2C=CC(=CC=2)N2C3=CC=CC=C3C3=CC=CC=C32)C=2C=CC(=CC=2)N2C3=CC=CC=C3C3=CC=CC=C32)=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZWSVEGKGLOHGIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SXGIRTCIFPJUEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-anthracen-9-ylanthracene Chemical group C1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC=CC=C3C(C=3C4=CC=CC=C4C=C4C=CC=CC4=3)=C21 SXGIRTCIFPJUEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IFFZVKXEHGJBIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-naphthalen-1-yl-10-(4-naphthalen-2-ylphenyl)anthracene Chemical compound C12=CC=CC=C2C(C2=CC=C(C=C2)C2=CC3=CC=CC=C3C=C2)=C(C=CC=C2)C2=C1C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C12 IFFZVKXEHGJBIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NBYGJKGEGNTQBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-phenyl-10-(10-phenylanthracen-9-yl)anthracene Chemical group C1=CC=CC=C1C(C1=CC=CC=C11)=C(C=CC=C2)C2=C1C(C1=CC=CC=C11)=C(C=CC=C2)C2=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 NBYGJKGEGNTQBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BHMSJRYEKYBHTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-phenyl-10-[4-[4-(9-phenylfluoren-9-yl)phenyl]phenyl]anthracene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C(C1=CC=CC=C11)=C(C=CC=C2)C2=C1C1=CC=C(C=2C=CC(=CC=2)C2(C3=CC=CC=C3C3=CC=CC=C32)C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=C1 BHMSJRYEKYBHTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DDCOSPFEMPUOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-phenyl-3-[4-(10-phenylanthracen-9-yl)phenyl]carbazole Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C(C1=CC=CC=C11)=C(C=CC=C2)C2=C1C1=CC=C(C=2C=C3C4=CC=CC=C4N(C=4C=CC=CC=4)C3=CC=2)C=C1 DDCOSPFEMPUOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VIJYEGDOKCKUOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-phenylcarbazole Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1N1C2=CC=CC=C2C2=CC=CC=C21 VIJYEGDOKCKUOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PQJUJGAVDBINPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9H-thioxanthene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2CC3=CC=CC=C3SC2=C1 PQJUJGAVDBINPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001316 Ag alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018137 Al-Zn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017073 AlLi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018573 Al—Zn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015844 BCl3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 102100025982 BMP/retinoic acid-inducible neural-specific protein 1 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- HKMTVMBEALTRRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzo[a]fluorene Chemical group C1=CC=CC2=C3CC4=CC=CC=C4C3=CC=C21 HKMTVMBEALTRRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AZSFNTBGCTUQFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N C12=C3C(C4=C5C=6C7=C8C9=C(C%10=6)C6=C%11C=%12C%13=C%14C%11=C9C9=C8C8=C%11C%15=C%16C=%17C(C=%18C%19=C4C7=C8C%15=%18)=C4C7=C8C%15=C%18C%20=C(C=%178)C%16=C8C%11=C9C%14=C8C%20=C%13C%18=C8C9=%12)=C%19C4=C2C7=C2C%15=C8C=4C2=C1C12C3=C5C%10=C3C6=C9C=4C32C1(CCCC(=O)OC)C1=CC=CC=C1 Chemical compound C12=C3C(C4=C5C=6C7=C8C9=C(C%10=6)C6=C%11C=%12C%13=C%14C%11=C9C9=C8C8=C%11C%15=C%16C=%17C(C=%18C%19=C4C7=C8C%15=%18)=C4C7=C8C%15=C%18C%20=C(C=%178)C%16=C8C%11=C9C%14=C8C%20=C%13C%18=C8C9=%12)=C%19C4=C2C7=C2C%15=C8C=4C2=C1C12C3=C5C%10=C3C6=C9C=4C32C1(CCCC(=O)OC)C1=CC=CC=C1 AZSFNTBGCTUQFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZYNFGMXIAPFYDQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N C1=CC=C(C=C1)N1C(=NN=C1C1=CC=C(C=C1)N1C2=CC=CC=C2N(C2=CC=CC=C2)C2=CC=CC=C12)C1=CC=CC=C1 Chemical compound C1=CC=C(C=C1)N1C(=NN=C1C1=CC=C(C=C1)N1C2=CC=CC=C2N(C2=CC=CC=C2)C2=CC=CC=C12)C1=CC=CC=C1 ZYNFGMXIAPFYDQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SZLZVPNMBKWFIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N C1=CC=CC=C1C(C1=CC=CC=C11)=C(C=CC=C2)C2=C1C1=CC=C(C=2C=CC(=CC=2)C=2C(=NC(=CC=2)C=2N=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC(=CC=2)C=2C=CC(=CC=2)C=2C3=CC=CC=C3C(C=3C=CC=CC=3)=C3C=CC=CC3=2)C=C1 Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C(C1=CC=CC=C11)=C(C=CC=C2)C2=C1C1=CC=C(C=2C=CC(=CC=2)C=2C(=NC(=CC=2)C=2N=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC(=CC=2)C=2C=CC(=CC=2)C=2C3=CC=CC=C3C(C=3C=CC=CC=3)=C3C=CC=CC3=2)C=C1 SZLZVPNMBKWFIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WGXBVAMMNYFGSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N C1=CC=CC=C1N(C1=CC=C(C2=C3SC4=C(C3=CC=C2)C=CC=C4)C=C1)C1=CC=C(C=C1)C1=CC=CC=C1 Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1N(C1=CC=C(C2=C3SC4=C(C3=CC=C2)C=CC=C4)C=C1)C1=CC=C(C=C1)C1=CC=CC=C1 WGXBVAMMNYFGSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZKHISQHQYQCSJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N C1=CC=CC=C1N(C=1C=CC(=CC=1)N(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C=1C=C(C=C(C=1)N(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C=1C=CC(=CC=1)N(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C=1C=CC=CC=1)N(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C=1C=CC(=CC=1)N(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1N(C=1C=CC(=CC=1)N(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C=1C=C(C=C(C=1)N(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C=1C=CC(=CC=1)N(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C=1C=CC=CC=1)N(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C=1C=CC(=CC=1)N(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 ZKHISQHQYQCSJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MSDMPJCOOXURQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N C545T Chemical compound C1=CC=C2SC(C3=CC=4C=C5C6=C(C=4OC3=O)C(C)(C)CCN6CCC5(C)C)=NC2=C1 MSDMPJCOOXURQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108010078791 Carrier Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- KZBUYRJDOAKODT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine Chemical compound ClCl KZBUYRJDOAKODT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000002673 Dioscorea communis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000544230 Dioscorea communis Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000004435 EPR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 101000933342 Homo sapiens BMP/retinoic acid-inducible neural-specific protein 1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000715194 Homo sapiens Cell cycle and apoptosis regulator protein 2 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229910012294 LiPP Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KWYHDKDOAIKMQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine Chemical compound CN(C)CCN(C)C KWYHDKDOAIKMQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IMUWJDCTOIKWNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-(4-naphthalen-1-ylphenyl)-N-[3-(6-phenyldibenzofuran-4-yl)phenyl]naphthalen-1-amine Chemical compound O1C2=C(C=CC=C2C2=CC=CC=C2)C2=C1C(=CC=C2)C1=CC=CC(=C1)N(C1=CC=C(C=C1)C1=CC=CC2=C1C=CC=C2)C1=C2C=CC=CC2=CC=C1 IMUWJDCTOIKWNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VUMVABVDHWICAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-phenyl-N-[4-[4-[N-(9,9'-spirobi[fluorene]-2-yl)anilino]phenyl]phenyl]-9,9'-spirobi[fluorene]-2-amine Chemical group C1=CC=CC=C1N(C=1C=C2C3(C4=CC=CC=C4C4=CC=CC=C43)C3=CC=CC=C3C2=CC=1)C1=CC=C(C=2C=CC(=CC=2)N(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=C3C4(C5=CC=CC=C5C5=CC=CC=C54)C4=CC=CC=C4C3=CC=2)C=C1 VUMVABVDHWICAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 description 1
- MHABMANUFPZXEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-demethyl-aloesaponarin I Natural products O=C1C2=CC=CC(O)=C2C(=O)C2=C1C=C(O)C(C(O)=O)=C2C MHABMANUFPZXEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001252 Pd alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002668 Pd-Cu Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 208000035753 Periorbital contusion Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010034972 Photosensitivity reaction Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229920012266 Poly(ether sulfone) PES Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004962 Polyamide-imide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002873 Polyethylenimine Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000265 Polyparaphenylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001328 Polyvinylidene chloride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- WTKZEGDFNFYCGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrazole Chemical group C=1C=NNC=1 WTKZEGDFNFYCGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910008355 Si-Sn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910003902 SiCl 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silane Chemical compound [SiH4] BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910006453 Si—Sn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052771 Terbium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XBDYBAVJXHJMNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydroanthracene Natural products C1=CC=C2C=C(CCCC3)C3=CC2=C1 XBDYBAVJXHJMNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trioxochromium Chemical compound O=[Cr](=O)=O WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000005811 Viola adunca Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000009038 Viola odorata Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000013487 Viola odorata Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000002254 Viola papilionacea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000172533 Viola sororia Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000700605 Viruses Species 0.000 description 1
- HYWNGEYOXQESBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N [1]benzofuro[2,3-b]pyrazine Chemical group C1=CN=C2C3=CC=CC=C3OC2=N1 HYWNGEYOXQESBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ITOKSWHFPQBNSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [1]benzofuro[3,2-d]pyrimidine Chemical group N1=CN=C2C3=CC=CC=C3OC2=C1 ITOKSWHFPQBNSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BJHVGSLMZTVDRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N [1]benzothiolo[2,3-b]pyrazine Chemical group C1=CN=C2C3=CC=CC=C3SC2=N1 BJHVGSLMZTVDRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OICJTSLHQGDCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [1]benzothiolo[3,2-d]pyrimidine Chemical group N1=CN=C2C3=CC=CC=C3SC2=C1 OICJTSLHQGDCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XHCLAFWTIXFWPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[V+5].[V+5] Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[V+5].[V+5] XHCLAFWTIXFWPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OEEBMHFZRDUQFW-UHFFFAOYSA-L [Pt](Cl)Cl.C(C)C1=C(C=2C=C3C(=C(C(=CC=4C(=C(C(=CC5=C(C(=C(N5)C=C1N2)CC)CC)N4)CC)CC)N3)CC)CC)CC Chemical compound [Pt](Cl)Cl.C(C)C1=C(C=2C=C3C(=C(C(=CC=4C(=C(C(=CC5=C(C(=C(N5)C=C1N2)CC)CC)N4)CC)CC)N3)CC)CC)CC OEEBMHFZRDUQFW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- FYNZMQVSXQQRNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-J [Sn](F)(F)(F)F.C(C)C1=C(C=2C=C3C(=C(C(=CC=4C(=C(C(=CC5=C(C(=C(N5)C=C1N2)CC)CC)N4)CC)CC)N3)CC)CC)CC Chemical compound [Sn](F)(F)(F)F.C(C)C1=C(C=2C=C3C(=C(C(=CC=4C(=C(C(=CC5=C(C(=C(N5)C=C1N2)CC)CC)N4)CC)CC)N3)CC)CC)CC FYNZMQVSXQQRNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- SORGEQQSQGNZFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N [azido(phenoxy)phosphoryl]oxybenzene Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1OP(=O)(N=[N+]=[N-])OC1=CC=CC=C1 SORGEQQSQGNZFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000641 acridinyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC2=NC3=CC=CC=C3C=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- FZEYVTFCMJSGMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N acridone Chemical group C1=CC=C2C(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3NC2=C1 FZEYVTFCMJSGMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000122 acrylonitrile butadiene styrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- REDXJYDRNCIFBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium(3+) Chemical compound [Al+3] REDXJYDRNCIFBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940054051 antipsychotic indole derivative Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000004760 aramid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003235 aromatic polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 210000001367 artery Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000003190 augmentative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- SJKRCWUQJZIWQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N azane;chromium Chemical compound N.[Cr] SJKRCWUQJZIWQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GPBUGPUPKAGMDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N azanylidynemolybdenum Chemical compound [Mo]#N GPBUGPUPKAGMDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007611 bar coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- PQIUGRLKNKSKTC-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzo[h]quinazoline Chemical group N1=CN=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C=CC2=C1 PQIUGRLKNKSKTC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RWCCWEUUXYIKHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzophenone Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 RWCCWEUUXYIKHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012965 benzophenone Substances 0.000 description 1
- DMVOXQPQNTYEKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N biphenyl-4-amine Chemical compound C1=CC(N)=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 DMVOXQPQNTYEKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFVXQDWNSAGPHN-UHFFFAOYSA-K bis[(2-methylquinolin-8-yl)oxy]-(4-phenylphenoxy)alumane Chemical compound [Al+3].C1=CC=C([O-])C2=NC(C)=CC=C21.C1=CC=C([O-])C2=NC(C)=CC=C21.C1=CC([O-])=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 UFVXQDWNSAGPHN-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 210000000988 bone and bone Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000005252 bulbus oculi Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- XZCJVWCMJYNSQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl pbd Chemical compound C1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=CC=C1C1=NN=C(C=2C=CC(=CC=2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)O1 XZCJVWCMJYNSQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QHIWVLPBUQWDMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl prop-2-enoate;methyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate;prop-2-enoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C=C.COC(=O)C(C)=C.CCCCOC(=O)C=C QHIWVLPBUQWDMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001634 calcium fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000420 cerium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000423 chromium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000005578 chrysene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- JRUYYVYCSJCVMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N coumarin 30 Chemical compound C1=CC=C2N(C)C(C=3C4=CC=C(C=C4OC(=O)C=3)N(CC)CC)=NC2=C1 JRUYYVYCSJCVMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004775 coumarins Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000332 coumarinyl group Chemical group O1C(=O)C(=CC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 150000001907 coumarones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- BHQBDOOJEZXHPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N ctk3i0272 Chemical group C1=CC=CC=C1C(C(=C(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C(=C1C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C3=CC=CC=C3C(C=3C4=CC=CC=C4C(C=4C(=C(C=5C=CC=CC=5)C(C=5C=CC=CC=5)=C(C=5C=CC=CC=5)C=4C=4C=CC=CC=4)C=4C=CC=CC=4)=C4C=CC=CC4=3)=C3C=CC=CC3=2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 BHQBDOOJEZXHPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007766 curtain coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001925 cycloalkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001995 cyclobutyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001511 cyclopentyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001559 cyclopropyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C1([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000412 dendrimer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000736 dendritic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000000994 depressogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- XNKVIGSNRYAOQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibenzofluorene Chemical group C12=CC=CC=C2C2=CC=CC=C2C2=C1CC1=CC=CC=C12 XNKVIGSNRYAOQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QKBTTXJHJNXCOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibenzofuran-4-amine Chemical compound O1C2=CC=CC=C2C2=C1C(N)=CC=C2 QKBTTXJHJNXCOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007607 die coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- ALKZAGKDWUSJED-UHFFFAOYSA-N dinuclear copper ion Chemical compound [Cu].[Cu] ALKZAGKDWUSJED-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003618 dip coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005674 electromagnetic induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- YQGOJNYOYNNSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N eosin Chemical class [Na+].OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C1=C2C=C(Br)C(=O)C(Br)=C2OC2=C(Br)C(O)=C(Br)C=C21 YQGOJNYOYNNSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- LNBHUCHAFZUEGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N europium(3+) Chemical compound [Eu+3] LNBHUCHAFZUEGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007687 exposure technique Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013213 extrapolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004424 eye movement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002189 fluorescence spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 description 1
- YZZNJYQZJKSEER-UHFFFAOYSA-N gallium tin Chemical compound [Ga].[Sn] YZZNJYQZJKSEER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YBMRDBCBODYGJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium oxide Inorganic materials O=[Ge]=O YBMRDBCBODYGJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000012447 hatching Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- BDVZHDCXCXJPSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium(3+) oxygen(2-) titanium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[Ti+4].[In+3] BDVZHDCXCXJPSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002475 indoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001041 indolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000009616 inductively coupled plasma Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007733 ion plating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010884 ion-beam technique Methods 0.000 description 1
- CECAIMUJVYQLKA-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium 1-phenylisoquinoline Chemical compound [Ir].C1=CC=CC=C1C1=NC=CC2=CC=CC=C12.C1=CC=CC=C1C1=NC=CC2=CC=CC=C12.C1=CC=CC=C1C1=NC=CC2=CC=CC=C12 CECAIMUJVYQLKA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000007644 letterpress printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000031700 light absorption Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001459 lithography Methods 0.000 description 1
- FQPSGWSUVKBHSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N methacrylamide Chemical compound CC(=C)C(N)=O FQPSGWSUVKBHSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005395 methacrylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- WOYDRSOIBHFMGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,9-diphenyl-n-(9-phenylcarbazol-3-yl)carbazol-3-amine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1N(C=1C=C2C3=CC=CC=C3N(C=3C=CC=CC=3)C2=CC=1)C1=CC=C(N(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C3=CC=CC=2)C3=C1 WOYDRSOIBHFMGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NCCYEOZLSGJEDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n,9-triphenyl-10h-anthracen-9-amine Chemical compound C12=CC=CC=C2CC2=CC=CC=C2C1(C=1C=CC=CC=1)N(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 NCCYEOZLSGJEDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VTSAYWZCLNPTGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-bis(4-dibenzofuran-4-ylphenyl)-4-(4-phenylphenyl)aniline Chemical group C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=C(C=2C=CC(=CC=2)N(C=2C=CC(=CC=2)C=2C=3OC4=CC=CC=C4C=3C=CC=2)C=2C=CC(=CC=2)C=2C=3OC4=CC=CC=C4C=3C=CC=2)C=C1 VTSAYWZCLNPTGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HGKFUGDYVSGRAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-bis(4-phenylphenyl)-9,9'-spirobi[fluorene]-2-amine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=C(N(C=2C=CC(=CC=2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=C3C4(C5=CC=CC=C5C5=CC=CC=C54)C4=CC=CC=C4C3=CC=2)C=C1 HGKFUGDYVSGRAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MJNGJYRNDATJHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-bis(4-phenylphenyl)-9,9'-spirobi[fluorene]-4-amine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=C(N(C=2C=CC(=CC=2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C3=C(C4(C5=CC=CC=C5C5=CC=CC=C54)C4=CC=CC=C43)C=CC=2)C=C1 MJNGJYRNDATJHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CRWAGLGPZJUQQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-(4-carbazol-9-ylphenyl)-4-[2-[4-(n-(4-carbazol-9-ylphenyl)anilino)phenyl]ethenyl]-n-phenylaniline Chemical compound C=1C=C(N(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC(=CC=2)N2C3=CC=CC=C3C3=CC=CC=C32)C=CC=1C=CC(C=C1)=CC=C1N(C=1C=CC(=CC=1)N1C2=CC=CC=C2C2=CC=CC=C21)C1=CC=CC=C1 CRWAGLGPZJUQQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DKQKUOFOSZLDGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-(4-carbazol-9-ylphenyl)-n-phenyl-9,10-bis(2-phenylphenyl)anthracen-2-amine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1N(C=1C=C2C(C=3C(=CC=CC=3)C=3C=CC=CC=3)=C3C=CC=CC3=C(C=3C(=CC=CC=3)C=3C=CC=CC=3)C2=CC=1)C1=CC=C(N2C3=CC=CC=C3C3=CC=CC=C32)C=C1 DKQKUOFOSZLDGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KJTIVHBWABAUOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-(4-naphthalen-1-ylphenyl)-n-[4-(9-phenylcarbazol-3-yl)phenyl]-9,9'-spirobi[fluorene]-2-amine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1N1C2=CC=C(C=3C=CC(=CC=3)N(C=3C=CC(=CC=3)C=3C4=CC=CC=C4C=CC=3)C=3C=C4C5(C6=CC=CC=C6C6=CC=CC=C65)C5=CC=CC=C5C4=CC=3)C=C2C2=CC=CC=C21 KJTIVHBWABAUOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AJNJGJDDJIBTBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-(9,10-diphenylanthracen-2-yl)-n,9-diphenylcarbazol-3-amine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1N(C=1C=C2C(C=3C=CC=CC=3)=C3C=CC=CC3=C(C=3C=CC=CC=3)C2=CC=1)C1=CC=C(N(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C3=CC=CC=2)C3=C1 AJNJGJDDJIBTBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NYRQYDOTDXVFCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-(9,9-dimethylfluoren-2-yl)-n-(2-phenylphenyl)-9,9'-spirobi[fluorene]-4-amine Chemical compound C1=C2C(C)(C)C3=CC=CC=C3C2=CC=C1N(C=1C2=C(C3(C4=CC=CC=C4C4=CC=CC=C43)C3=CC=CC=C32)C=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 NYRQYDOTDXVFCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UMFJAHHVKNCGLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Nitrosodimethylamine Chemical compound CN(C)N=O UMFJAHHVKNCGLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RVHDEFQSXAYURV-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[4-(9,10-diphenylanthracen-2-yl)phenyl]-n,9-diphenylcarbazol-3-amine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1N(C=1C=C2C3=CC=CC=C3N(C=3C=CC=CC=3)C2=CC=1)C1=CC=C(C=2C=C3C(C=4C=CC=CC=4)=C4C=CC=CC4=C(C=4C=CC=CC=4)C3=CC=2)C=C1 RVHDEFQSXAYURV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IBHBKWKFFTZAHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[4-[4-(n-naphthalen-1-ylanilino)phenyl]phenyl]-n-phenylnaphthalen-1-amine Chemical group C1=CC=CC=C1N(C=1C2=CC=CC=C2C=CC=1)C1=CC=C(C=2C=CC(=CC=2)N(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C3=CC=CC=C3C=CC=2)C=C1 IBHBKWKFFTZAHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KUGSVDXBPQUXKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[9,10-bis(2-phenylphenyl)anthracen-2-yl]-n,9-diphenylcarbazol-3-amine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1N(C=1C=C2C(C=3C(=CC=CC=3)C=3C=CC=CC=3)=C3C=CC=CC3=C(C=3C(=CC=CC=3)C=3C=CC=CC=3)C2=CC=1)C1=CC=C(N(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C3=CC=CC=2)C3=C1 KUGSVDXBPQUXKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001280 n-hexyl group Chemical group C(CCCCC)* 0.000 description 1
- COVCYOMDZRYBNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-naphthalen-1-yl-9-phenyl-n-(9-phenylcarbazol-3-yl)carbazol-3-amine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1N1C2=CC=C(N(C=3C=C4C5=CC=CC=C5N(C=5C=CC=CC=5)C4=CC=3)C=3C4=CC=CC=C4C=CC=3)C=C2C2=CC=CC=C21 COVCYOMDZRYBNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002121 nanofiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- LKKPNUDVOYAOBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalocyanine Chemical class N1C(N=C2C3=CC4=CC=CC=C4C=C3C(N=C3C4=CC5=CC=CC=C5C=C4C(=N4)N3)=N2)=C(C=C2C(C=CC=C2)=C2)C2=C1N=C1C2=CC3=CC=CC=C3C=C2C4=N1 LKKPNUDVOYAOBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002835 noble gases Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000007645 offset printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012044 organic layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- AHLBNYSZXLDEJQ-FWEHEUNISA-N orlistat Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCC[C@H](OC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC=O)C[C@@H]1OC(=O)[C@H]1CCCCCC AHLBNYSZXLDEJQ-FWEHEUNISA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001151 other effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- WCPAKWJPBJAGKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxadiazole Chemical group C1=CON=N1 WCPAKWJPBJAGKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- MPQXHAGKBWFSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxidophosphanium Chemical group [PH3]=O MPQXHAGKBWFSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoceriooxy)cerium Chemical compound [Ce]=O.O=[Ce]=O BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PVADDRMAFCOOPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxogermanium Chemical compound [Ge]=O PVADDRMAFCOOPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- SLIUAWYAILUBJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentacene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC4=CC5=CC=CC=C5C=C4C=C3C=C21 SLIUAWYAILUBJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920005548 perfluoropolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- FVDOBFPYBSDRKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic acid Chemical class C=12C3=CC=C(C(O)=O)C2=C(C(O)=O)C=CC=1C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C2=C1C3=CC=C2C(=O)O FVDOBFPYBSDRKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002987 phenanthrenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001792 phenanthrenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=2C3=CC=CC=C3C=CC12)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001791 phenazinyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC2=NC3=CC=CC=C3N=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- BZBAYMUKLAYQEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylborane Chemical compound BC1=CC=CC=C1 BZBAYMUKLAYQEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000036211 photosensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001020 plasma etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003057 platinum Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920000078 poly(4-vinyltriphenylamine) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000553 poly(phenylenevinylene) Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006350 polyacrylonitrile resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002312 polyamide-imide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001225 polyester resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004645 polyester resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011112 polyethylene naphthalate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002098 polyfluorene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000193 polymethacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005591 polysilicon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005990 polystyrene resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229940005642 polystyrene sulfonic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920000123 polythiophene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005749 polyurethane resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005033 polyvinylidene chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004033 porphyrin derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004032 porphyrins Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 230000009993 protective function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000003226 pyrazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005581 pyrene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- BUAWIRPPAOOHKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrene-1,2-diamine Chemical class C1=CC=C2C=CC3=C(N)C(N)=CC4=CC=C1C2=C43 BUAWIRPPAOOHKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003233 pyrroles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000006862 quantum yield reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002294 quinazolinyl group Chemical group N1=C(N=CC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 150000004053 quinones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005871 repellent Substances 0.000 description 1
- PYWVYCXTNDRMGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodamine B Chemical class [Cl-].C=12C=CC(=[N+](CC)CC)C=C2OC2=CC(N(CC)CC)=CC=C2C=1C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O PYWVYCXTNDRMGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001925 ruthenium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WOCIAKWEIIZHES-UHFFFAOYSA-N ruthenium(iv) oxide Chemical compound O=[Ru]=O WOCIAKWEIIZHES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005488 sandblasting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010980 sapphire Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052594 sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007650 screen-printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000679 solder Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010186 staining Methods 0.000 description 1
- PJANXHGTPQOBST-UHFFFAOYSA-N stilbene Chemical group C=1C=CC=CC=1C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PJANXHGTPQOBST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SEEPANYCNGTZFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfadiazine Chemical compound C1=CC(N)=CC=C1S(=O)(=O)NC1=NC=CC=N1 SEEPANYCNGTZFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010897 surface acoustic wave method Methods 0.000 description 1
- MZLGASXMSKOWSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum nitride Chemical compound [Ta]#N MZLGASXMSKOWSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010345 tape casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- DKWSBNMUWZBREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N terbium Chemical compound [Tb][Tb][Tb][Tb][Tb][Tb][Tb][Tb][Tb][Tb][Tb][Tb][Tb][Tb][Tb][Tb][Tb][Tb][Tb][Tb][Tb][Tb][Tb][Tb][Tb][Tb][Tb][Tb][Tb][Tb][Tb][Tb][Tb][Tb][Tb][Tb][Tb][Tb][Tb][Tb][Tb][Tb][Tb][Tb][Tb][Tb][Tb][Tb][Tb][Tb][Tb][Tb][Tb] DKWSBNMUWZBREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- IFLREYGFSNHWGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetracene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC4=CC=CC=C4C=C3C=C21 IFLREYGFSNHWGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005579 tetracene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003518 tetracenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- UGNWTBMOAKPKBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrachloro-1,4-benzoquinone Chemical compound ClC1=C(Cl)C(=O)C(Cl)=C(Cl)C1=O UGNWTBMOAKPKBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003698 tetramethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003685 thermal hair damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- LLVONELOQJAYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin(ii) phthalocyanine Chemical compound N1=C(C2=CC=CC=C2C2=NC=3C4=CC=CC=C4C(=N4)N=3)N2[Sn]N2C4=C(C=CC=C3)C3=C2N=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C1=N2 LLVONELOQJAYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003918 triazines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003852 triazoles Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- FAQYAMRNWDIXMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichloroborane Chemical compound ClB(Cl)Cl FAQYAMRNWDIXMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JLTRXTDYQLMHGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylaluminium Chemical compound C[Al](C)C JLTRXTDYQLMHGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001935 vanadium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012808 vapor phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000003462 vein Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000004580 weight loss Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000037303 wrinkles Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000001834 xanthenyl group Chemical group C1=CC=CC=2OC3=CC=CC=C3C(C12)* 0.000 description 1
- OYQCBJZGELKKPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc indium(3+) oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Zn+2].[O-2].[In+3] OYQCBJZGELKKPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YVTHLONGBIQYBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc indium(3+) oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O--].[Zn++].[In+3] YVTHLONGBIQYBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OPCPDIFRZGJVCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc indium(3+) oxygen(2-) titanium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[Zn+2].[In+3].[Ti+4] OPCPDIFRZGJVCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BNEMLSQAJOPTGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc;dioxido(oxo)tin Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-][Sn]([O-])=O BNEMLSQAJOPTGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HTPBWAPZAJWXKY-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc;quinolin-8-olate Chemical compound [Zn+2].C1=CN=C2C([O-])=CC=CC2=C1.C1=CN=C2C([O-])=CC=CC2=C1 HTPBWAPZAJWXKY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K59/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one organic light-emitting element covered by group H10K50/00
- H10K59/10—OLED displays
- H10K59/12—Active-matrix OLED [AMOLED] displays
- H10K59/121—Active-matrix OLED [AMOLED] displays characterised by the geometry or disposition of pixel elements
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09F—DISPLAYING; ADVERTISING; SIGNS; LABELS OR NAME-PLATES; SEALS
- G09F9/00—Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the information is built-up on a support by selection or combination of individual elements
- G09F9/30—Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the information is built-up on a support by selection or combination of individual elements in which the desired character or characters are formed by combining individual elements
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
- H10K50/10—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED]
- H10K50/11—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED] characterised by the electroluminescent [EL] layers
- H10K50/125—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED] characterised by the electroluminescent [EL] layers specially adapted for multicolour light emission, e.g. for emitting white light
- H10K50/13—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED] characterised by the electroluminescent [EL] layers specially adapted for multicolour light emission, e.g. for emitting white light comprising stacked EL layers within one EL unit
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
- H10K50/10—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED]
- H10K50/19—Tandem OLEDs
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
- H10K50/80—Constructional details
- H10K50/84—Passivation; Containers; Encapsulations
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K59/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one organic light-emitting element covered by group H10K50/00
- H10K59/10—OLED displays
- H10K59/12—Active-matrix OLED [AMOLED] displays
- H10K59/122—Pixel-defining structures or layers, e.g. banks
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K59/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one organic light-emitting element covered by group H10K50/00
- H10K59/80—Constructional details
- H10K59/805—Electrodes
- H10K59/8051—Anodes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K59/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one organic light-emitting element covered by group H10K50/00
- H10K59/80—Constructional details
- H10K59/805—Electrodes
- H10K59/8052—Cathodes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K59/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one organic light-emitting element covered by group H10K50/00
- H10K59/90—Assemblies of multiple devices comprising at least one organic light-emitting element
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/30—Coordination compounds
- H10K85/341—Transition metal complexes, e.g. Ru(II)polypyridine complexes
- H10K85/342—Transition metal complexes, e.g. Ru(II)polypyridine complexes comprising iridium
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/60—Organic compounds having low molecular weight
- H10K85/631—Amine compounds having at least two aryl rest on at least one amine-nitrogen atom, e.g. triphenylamine
- H10K85/633—Amine compounds having at least two aryl rest on at least one amine-nitrogen atom, e.g. triphenylamine comprising polycyclic condensed aromatic hydrocarbons as substituents on the nitrogen atom
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/60—Organic compounds having low molecular weight
- H10K85/649—Aromatic compounds comprising a hetero atom
- H10K85/657—Polycyclic condensed heteroaromatic hydrocarbons
- H10K85/6572—Polycyclic condensed heteroaromatic hydrocarbons comprising only nitrogen in the heteroaromatic polycondensed ring system, e.g. phenanthroline or carbazole
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/60—Organic compounds having low molecular weight
- H10K85/649—Aromatic compounds comprising a hetero atom
- H10K85/657—Polycyclic condensed heteroaromatic hydrocarbons
- H10K85/6576—Polycyclic condensed heteroaromatic hydrocarbons comprising only sulfur in the heteroaromatic polycondensed ring system, e.g. benzothiophene
Definitions
- One embodiment of the present invention relates to a display device, a display module, and an electronic device.
- one embodiment of the present invention is not limited to the above technical field.
- Technical fields of one embodiment of the present invention include semiconductor devices, display devices, light-emitting devices, power storage devices, storage devices, electronic devices, lighting devices, input devices (e.g., touch sensors), input/output devices (e.g., touch panels), Their driving method or their manufacturing method can be mentioned as an example.
- display devices are expected to be applied to various uses.
- applications of large display devices include home television devices (also referred to as televisions or television receivers), digital signage (digital signage), and PID (Public Information Display).
- home television devices also referred to as televisions or television receivers
- digital signage digital signage
- PID Public Information Display
- mobile information terminals such as smart phones and tablet terminals with touch panels are being developed.
- Devices that require high-definition display devices include, for example, virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), alternative reality (SR), and mixed reality (MR) ) are being actively developed.
- VR virtual reality
- AR augmented reality
- SR alternative reality
- MR mixed reality
- a light-emitting device having a light-emitting device As a display device, for example, a light-emitting device having a light-emitting device (also referred to as a light-emitting element) has been developed.
- a light-emitting device also referred to as an EL device or EL element
- EL the phenomenon of electroluminescence
- EL is a DC constant-voltage power supply that can easily be made thin and light, can respond quickly to an input signal, and It is applied to a display device.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a display device for VR using an organic EL device (also referred to as an organic EL element). Further, Patent Document 2 discloses a light-emitting device having a low driving voltage and good reliability, which uses a mixed film of a transition metal and an organic compound having a lone pair of electrons as an electron injection layer.
- An object of one embodiment of the present invention is to provide a display device with high display quality. Another object of one embodiment of the present invention is to provide a high-definition display device. Another object of one embodiment of the present invention is to provide a high-resolution display device. Another object of one embodiment of the present invention is to provide a highly reliable display device. Another object of one embodiment of the present invention is to provide a novel display device that is highly convenient, useful, or reliable. Another object of one embodiment of the present invention is to provide a novel display module that is highly convenient, useful, or reliable. Another object is to provide a novel electronic device that is highly convenient, useful, or reliable. Another object is to provide a novel display device, a novel display module, a novel electronic device, or a novel semiconductor device.
- One aspect of the present invention has a first light emitting device and a second light emitting device, the second light emitting device is adjacent to the first light emitting device, and the second light emitting device is the second light emitting device.
- the first light emitting device has a first pixel electrode, a common electrode, a first unit, a second unit and a first intermediate layer, the first unit between the first pixel electrode and the common electrode.
- the second unit is sandwiched between the common electrode and the first unit, and the first intermediate layer is sandwiched between the second unit and the first unit.
- the first unit is in contact with the first intermediate layer, and the first unit contains the first organic compound L.
- the first organic compound L has a plurality of 2,2'-bipyridine skeletons or 1,10'-phenanthroline skeletons.
- the second light emitting device has a second pixel electrode, a common electrode, a third unit, a fourth unit and a second intermediate layer, wherein the second pixel electrode is connected to the first pixel electrode. a third unit sandwiched between the second pixel electrode and the common electrode; a fourth unit sandwiched between the common electrode and the third unit; The intermediate layer is sandwiched between the fourth unit and the third unit. Also, the third unit is in contact with the second intermediate layer, the third unit contains the first organic compound L, and the third unit has a third gap with the first unit. Also, the third gap overlaps with the second gap.
- A1 and A2 each independently represent a 2,2'-bipyridine skeleton or a 1,10'-phenanthroline skeleton.
- the 2,2'-bipyridine skeleton or 1,10'-phenanthroline skeleton may have one or more substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups or substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl groups, or both.
- the substituents in the above substitution may be bonded to each other to form a condensed ring.
- Ar represents a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C26 arylene group or a substituted or unsubstituted C2-C26 heteroarylene group.
- Ar may be composed of a plurality of aromatic rings, in which case the plurality of aromatic rings may be bonded to each other to form a condensed ring.
- i is an integer of 0 or more and 2 or less.
- the organic compound L can interact with the electron-donating substance to exhibit excellent electron-transporting or electron-injecting properties.
- the driving voltages of the first light emitting device and the second light emitting device can be suppressed.
- power consumption of the display device can be suppressed.
- the interaction with electron-donating substances becomes more stable, and resistance to exposure to the atmosphere or chemicals increases.
- resistance to an etching process during the manufacturing process can be enhanced.
- the molecular weight can be increased without impairing the electron transport properties, so that the element characteristics and heat resistance of the light-emitting device can be improved. can be done.
- resistance to a heating step during the manufacturing process can be increased.
- the range of selection of processing means applicable to the manufacturing process of the display device can be widened.
- the photolithography method can be used to process the first unit, the third unit, the second unit, and the fourth unit into predetermined shapes.
- the second light emitting device can be formed at an adjacent position separated from the first light emitting device without using a fine metal mask. As a result, it is possible to provide a novel display device with excellent convenience, usefulness, or reliability.
- Another embodiment of the present invention is the above display device in which the second unit contains the first organic compound L.
- the fourth unit contains the first organic compound L, and the fourth unit has a fourth gap between it and the second unit. Also, the fourth gap overlaps with the second gap.
- Another embodiment of the present invention is the above display device including a first insulating layer and a second insulating layer.
- the first insulating layer covers part of the top surface and side surfaces of the first intermediate layer and part of the top surface and side surfaces of the second intermediate layer.
- the second insulating layer overlaps part of the top surface and side surfaces of the first intermediate layer and part of the top surface and side surfaces of the second intermediate layer with the first insulating layer interposed therebetween to form a second insulating layer.
- the top surface of the layer is covered with a common electrode.
- the end portion of the second insulating layer has a tapered shape in which the angle formed by the inclined side surface and the substrate surface (hereinafter referred to as a taper angle) is less than 90°. At least part of the side surface of the insulating layer 1 is covered.
- one aspect of the present invention is the above display device, wherein the first unit contains an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal, and the third unit contains an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal. .
- the first intermediate layer includes a first layer and a second layer.
- a second layer is sandwiched between the first layer and the first unit, the second layer is in contact with the first unit, and the second layer comprises an alkali metal compound.
- the second intermediate layer comprises a third layer and a fourth layer, the fourth layer sandwiched between the third layer and the third unit, the fourth layer sandwiching the third unit and the fourth layer comprises an alkali metal compound.
- the second light emitting device can be arranged separately from the first light emitting device. In addition, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of a phenomenon in which the adjacent second light emitting device unintentionally emits light due to the operation of the first light emitting device. As a result, it is possible to provide a novel display device with excellent convenience, usefulness, or reliability.
- Another embodiment of the present invention is the above display device in which the first layer contains a second organic compound or transition metal oxide containing a halogen group or a cyano group.
- the third layer includes a second organic compound or transition metal oxide containing a halogen group or a cyano group, and the third layer has a fifth gap with the first layer. Note that the fifth gap overlaps with the second gap.
- one embodiment of the present invention is the above display device in which the first light-emitting device includes a fifth layer.
- a fifth layer is sandwiched between the first unit and the first pixel electrode, the fifth layer including a third organic compound or transition metal oxide containing a halogen group or a cyano group.
- the second light-emitting device comprises a sixth layer, the sixth layer sandwiched between the first unit and the second pixel electrode, the sixth layer comprising a third layer comprising a halogen group or a cyano group. organic compounds or transition metal oxides. Note that the sixth layer has a sixth gap between it and the fifth layer, and the sixth gap overlaps the second gap.
- the current flowing between the fifth layer and the sixth layer can be suppressed.
- the display device in which the first light-emitting device includes a seventh layer. Note that the seventh layer is sandwiched between the common electrode and the second unit, the seventh layer is in contact with the second unit, and the seventh layer contains an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal.
- the second light emitting device comprises a seventh layer, the seventh layer sandwiched between the common electrode and the fourth unit, the seventh layer in contact with the fourth unit. Also, the seventh layer contains an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal.
- one embodiment of the present invention is the above display device in which an end portion of the second insulating layer is located outside an end portion of the first insulating layer.
- Another embodiment of the present invention is the above display device in which the second insulating layer has a convex curved top surface.
- Another embodiment of the present invention is the above display device, in which an end portion of the first insulating layer has a tapered shape with a taper angle of less than 90° in a cross-sectional view.
- Another embodiment of the present invention is the above display device, in which the second insulating layer has a concave curved side surface.
- one embodiment of the present invention includes a third insulating layer and a fourth insulating layer, and the third insulating layer is formed between the top surface of the first intermediate layer and the first insulating layer.
- the second insulating layer covers at least part of the side surface of the third insulating layer and at least part of the side surface of the fourth insulating layer. It is a display device.
- the end portion of the third insulating layer and the end portion of the fourth insulating layer each have a tapered shape with a taper angle of less than 90°. It is a display device.
- the first insulating layer and the second insulating layer each have a portion overlapping with the top surface of the first pixel electrode and a portion overlapping with the top surface of the second pixel electrode.
- One embodiment of the present invention is the above display device, in which the first intermediate layer covers the side surface of the first pixel electrode, and the second intermediate layer covers the side surface of the second pixel electrode. be.
- an end portion of the first pixel electrode and an end portion of the second pixel electrode each have a tapered shape with a taper angle of less than 90°. It is a display device.
- Another embodiment of the present invention is the above display device, in which the first insulating layer is an inorganic insulating layer and the second insulating layer is an organic insulating layer.
- Another embodiment of the present invention is the above display device in which the first insulating layer contains aluminum oxide.
- Another embodiment of the present invention is the above display device, in which the second insulating layer contains an acrylic resin.
- Another aspect of the present invention is a display module including the above display device and at least one of a connector and an integrated circuit.
- Another embodiment of the present invention is an electronic device including the above display module and at least one of a housing, a battery, a camera, a speaker, and a microphone.
- One embodiment of the present invention can provide a display device with high display quality.
- one embodiment of the present invention can provide a high-definition display device.
- one embodiment of the present invention can provide a high-resolution display device.
- one embodiment of the present invention can provide a highly reliable display device.
- one embodiment of the present invention can provide a novel display device with excellent convenience, usefulness, or reliability.
- one embodiment of the present invention can provide a novel display module with excellent convenience, usefulness, or reliability.
- a novel display device, a novel display module, a novel electronic device, or a novel semiconductor device can be provided.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a display device.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a display device.
- FIG. 3A is a top view showing an example of a display device.
- 5A and 5B are cross-sectional views showing an example of the display device.
- 6A and 6B are cross-sectional views showing an example of the display device.
- 7A and 7B are cross-sectional views showing an example of a display device.
- 8A and 8B are cross-sectional views showing an example of a display device.
- FIG. 10A is a top view showing an example of a display device.
- FIG. 10B is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a display device;
- 11A to 11C are cross-sectional views illustrating an example of a method for manufacturing a display device.
- 12A to 12C are cross-sectional views illustrating an example of a method for manufacturing a display device.
- 13A to 13C are cross-sectional views illustrating an example of a method for manufacturing a display device.
- 14A and 14B are cross-sectional views illustrating an example of a method for manufacturing a display device.
- 15A and 15B are cross-sectional views illustrating an example of a method for manufacturing a display device.
- 16A to 16D are cross-sectional views illustrating an example of a method for manufacturing a display device.
- 17A to 17F are diagrams showing examples of pixels.
- 18A to 18K are diagrams showing examples of pixels.
- 19A and 19B are perspective views showing an example of a display device.
- 20A and 20B are cross-sectional views showing examples of display devices.
- FIG. 21 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a display device.
- FIG. 22 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a display device.
- FIG. 23 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a display device.
- FIG. 24 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a display device.
- FIG. 25 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a display device.
- FIG. 21 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a display device.
- FIG. 26 is a perspective view showing an example of a display device.
- FIG. 27A is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a display device; 27B and 27C are cross-sectional views showing examples of transistors.
- 28A to 28D are cross-sectional views showing examples of display devices.
- FIG. 29 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a display device.
- 30A to 30F are diagrams showing configuration examples of light-emitting devices.
- 31A and 31B are diagrams showing configuration examples of light receiving devices.
- 31C to 31E are diagrams showing configuration examples of display devices.
- 32A to 32D are diagrams illustrating examples of electronic devices.
- 33A to 33F are diagrams showing examples of electronic devices.
- 34A to 34G are diagrams showing examples of electronic devices.
- 35A and 35B are diagrams illustrating the configuration of a light-emitting device according to an example.
- FIG. 36 is a diagram explaining the current density-luminance characteristics of the light emitting device according to the example.
- FIG. 37 is a diagram illustrating luminance-current efficiency characteristics of a light-emitting device according to an example.
- FIG. 38 is a diagram explaining the voltage-luminance characteristics of the light-emitting device according to the example.
- FIG. 39 is a diagram explaining the voltage-current characteristics of the light-emitting device according to the example.
- FIG. 40 is a diagram explaining the emission spectrum of the light emitting device according to the example.
- film and “layer” can be interchanged depending on the case or situation.
- conductive layer can be changed to the term “conductive film.”
- insulating film can be changed to the term “insulating layer”.
- a device manufactured using a metal mask or FMM may be referred to as a device with an MM (metal mask) structure.
- a device manufactured without using a metal mask or FMM may be referred to as a device with an MML (metal maskless) structure.
- holes or electrons are sometimes referred to as “carriers”.
- the hole injection layer or electron injection layer is referred to as a "carrier injection layer”
- the hole transport layer or electron transport layer is referred to as a “carrier transport layer”
- the hole blocking layer or electron blocking layer is referred to as a "carrier It is sometimes called a block layer.
- the carrier injection layer, the carrier transport layer, and the carrier block layer described above may not be clearly distinguished from each other due to their cross-sectional shape, characteristics, or the like.
- one layer may serve as two or three functions of the carrier injection layer, the carrier transport layer, and the carrier block layer.
- a light-emitting device (light-emitting element) has an EL layer between a pair of electrodes.
- the EL layer has at least a light-emitting layer.
- a light-receiving device (also referred to as a light-receiving element) has at least an active layer functioning as a photoelectric conversion layer between a pair of electrodes.
- one of a pair of electrodes may be referred to as a pixel electrode and the other may be referred to as a common electrode.
- a tapered shape refers to a shape in which at least a part of the side surface of the structure is inclined with respect to the substrate surface. For example, it is preferable to have a region with a taper angle of less than 90°.
- the side surfaces of the structure and the substrate surface are not necessarily completely flat, and may be substantially planar with a fine curvature or substantially planar with fine unevenness.
- a display device of one embodiment of the present invention includes a first light-emitting device and a second light-emitting device, the second light-emitting device adjacent to the first light-emitting device, and the second light-emitting device adjacent to the first light-emitting device.
- a first gap is provided between the one light emitting device.
- the first light emitting device has a first pixel electrode, a common electrode, a first unit, a second unit and a first intermediate layer, wherein the first unit is between the first pixel electrode and the common electrode. a second unit sandwiched between the common electrode and the first unit; a first intermediate layer sandwiched between the second unit and the first unit; the first unit sandwiching the first unit; In contact with one intermediate layer, the first unit contains the first organic compound L.
- the first organic compound L has a plurality of 2,2'-bipyridine skeletons or 1,10'-phenanthroline skeletons.
- the second light emitting device has a second pixel electrode, the common electrode, a third unit, a fourth unit and a second intermediate layer, wherein the second pixel electrode and the first pixel electrode. a second gap between, a third unit sandwiched between the second pixel electrode and the common electrode, a fourth unit sandwiched between the common electrode and the third unit; The second intermediate layer is sandwiched between the fourth unit and the third unit, the third unit is in contact with the second intermediate layer, the third unit contains the first organic compound L, the third unit The three units have a third gap with the first unit, and the third gap overlaps the second gap.
- the organic compound L can interact with the electron-donating substance to exhibit excellent electron-transporting or electron-injecting properties.
- the driving voltages of the first light emitting device and the second light emitting device can be suppressed.
- power consumption of the display device can be suppressed.
- the interaction with electron-donating substances becomes more stable, and resistance to exposure to the atmosphere or chemicals increases.
- resistance to an etching process during the manufacturing process can be improved.
- the molecular weight can be increased without impairing the electron transport properties, so that the element characteristics and heat resistance of the light-emitting device can be improved. can be done.
- resistance to a heating step during the manufacturing process can be increased.
- the range of selection of processing means applicable to the manufacturing process of the display device can be widened.
- the photolithography method can be used to process the first unit, the third unit, the second unit, and the fourth unit into predetermined shapes.
- the second light emitting device can be formed at an adjacent position separated from the first light emitting device without using a fine metal mask. As a result, it is possible to provide a novel display device with excellent convenience, usefulness, or reliability.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view illustrating the structure of a display device of one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a structure of a light-emitting device that can be used for the display device of one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3A is a top view illustrating an example of a display device of one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3B is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a display device;
- the display device described in this embodiment includes a light-emitting device 130a and a light-emitting device 130b (see FIG. 3B).
- the light emitting device 130b is adjacent to the light emitting device 130a, and the light emitting device 130b has a gap 130ab between the light emitting device 130a (see FIG. 1).
- the light emitting device 130a has a pixel electrode 111a, a common electrode 115, a unit 703a, a unit 703a2 and an intermediate layer 706a.
- Light emitting device 130 a also includes layer 704 a and common layer 114 .
- the light emitting device 130a has a first layer 113a between the pixel electrode 111a and the common electrode 115 (see FIGS. 1 and 3B).
- the first layer 113a has a unit 703a, a unit 703a2, an intermediate layer 706a and a layer 704a.
- Unit 703a is sandwiched between pixel electrode 111a and common electrode 115, and unit 703a2 is sandwiched between common electrode 115 and unit 703a.
- Intermediate layer 706a is sandwiched between unit 703a2 and unit 703a.
- Unit 703a contacts intermediate layer 706a.
- Intermediate layer 706a also comprises layer 706a1 and layer 706a2.
- Layer 706a2 is sandwiched between layer 706a1 and unit 703a, and layer 706a2 contacts unit 703a.
- Unit 703a contains an organic compound L, and the organic compound L has a plurality of 2,2'-bipyridine skeletons or 1,10'-phenanthroline skeletons.
- the organic compound L has a structure represented by general formula (G0).
- A1 and A2 each independently represent a 2,2'-bipyridine skeleton or a 1,10'-phenanthroline skeleton.
- the 2,2'-bipyridine skeleton or 1,10'-phenanthroline skeleton may have one or more substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups or substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl groups, or both. , the substituents in the above substitution may be bonded to each other to form a condensed ring.
- A1 or A2 represents a 2,2'-bipyridine skeleton
- substituents (A-01) to (A-04) having the following structures can be used.
- a 1 or A 2 represents a 1,10′-phenanthroline skeleton
- substituents (A-05) to (A-07) having the following structures can be used.
- Ar represents a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group having 6 to 26 carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene group having 2 to 26 carbon atoms.
- Ar may be composed of a plurality of aromatic rings, and in that case, the plurality of aromatic rings may be bonded to each other to form a condensed ring.
- substituents (Ar-01) to (Ar-08) having the structures shown below can be used for Ar.
- a substitution position is not limited to these.
- i is an integer of 0 or more and 2 or less.
- aryl group of the 2,2'-bipyridine skeleton or 1,10'-phenanthroline skeleton a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 25 carbon atoms can be used, for example, phenyl groups, naphthyl groups, biphenyl groups, fluorenyl groups, spirofluorenyl groups, and the like.
- a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaromatic ring having 1 to 30 carbon atoms can be used.
- pyridine ring, diazine ring (pyrimidine ring, pyrazine ring, pyridazine ring), triazine ring, quinoline ring, quinoxaline ring, quinazoline ring, benzoquinazoline ring, phenanthroline ring, azafluoranthene ring, imidazole ring, oxazole ring, oxa A diazole ring etc. can be mentioned.
- substituents substituted on the aryl group or the heteroaryl group include, for example, an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl group having 3 to 7 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted carbon
- An aromatic hydrocarbon group having a number of 6 or more and 25 or less, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaromatic hydrocarbon group having a carbon number of 3 or more and 30 or less, or the like can be used.
- alkyl group examples include methyl group, ethyl group, propyl group, isopropyl group, butyl group, isobutyl group, tert-butyl group and n-hexyl group.
- cycloalkyl group examples include cyclopropyl group, cyclobutyl group, cyclopentyl group, cyclohexyl group and the like.
- aryl group include phenyl group, naphthyl group, biphenyl group, fluorenyl group and spirofluorenyl group.
- the organic compound L can interact with the electron-donating substance to exhibit excellent electron-transporting or electron-injecting properties.
- the driving voltage of the light emitting device 130a and the light emitting device 130b can be suppressed.
- power consumption of the display device can be suppressed.
- the interaction with electron-donating substances becomes more stable, and resistance to exposure to the atmosphere or chemicals increases.
- resistance to an etching process during the manufacturing process can be improved.
- the molecular weight can be increased without impairing the electron transport properties, so that the element characteristics and heat resistance of the light-emitting device can be improved. can be done.
- resistance to a heating step during the manufacturing process can be increased.
- the range of selection of processing means applicable to the manufacturing process of the display device can be widened.
- the photolithography method can be used to process the unit 703a, unit 703b, unit 703a2, and unit 703b2 into a predetermined shape.
- the light emitting device 130b can be formed at an adjacent position separated from the light emitting device 130a without using a fine metal mask. As a result, it is possible to provide a novel display device with excellent convenience, usefulness, or reliability.
- Unit 703a2 contains an organic compound L.
- the light emitting device 130b has a pixel electrode 111b, a common electrode 115, a unit 703b, a unit 703b2 and an intermediate layer 706b.
- the pixel electrode 111b has a gap 111ab between it and the pixel electrode 111a.
- Light-emitting device 130b also has layer 704b and common layer 114 .
- Layer 704b has a gap 704ab with layer 704a, and gap 704ab overlaps gap 111ab. Thereby, for example, current flowing between layers 704a and 704b can be suppressed.
- Second layer 113b has unit 703b, unit 703b2, intermediate layer 706b and layer 704b.
- Unit 703b is sandwiched between pixel electrode 111b and common electrode 115, and unit 703b2 is sandwiched between common electrode 115 and unit 703b.
- Middle layer 706b is sandwiched between unit 703b2 and unit 703b.
- Unit 703b contacts middle layer 706b.
- Intermediate layer 706b also comprises layer 706b1 and layer 706b2.
- Layer 706b2 is sandwiched between layer 706b1 and unit 703b, and layer 706b2 contacts unit 703b.
- Unit 703b contains organic compound L, and unit 703b has gap 703ab with unit 703a. Also, the gap 703ab overlaps with the gap 111ab.
- Unit 703b2 contains organic compound L, and unit 703b2 has gap 703ab2 with unit 703a2. Also, the gap 703ab2 overlaps with the gap 111ab.
- Intermediate layer 706b is sandwiched between unit 703b2 and unit 703b, and unit 703b contacts intermediate layer 706b.
- the intermediate layer 706b has a gap 706ab between itself and the intermediate layer 706a. Gap 706ab overlaps gap 111ab. Thereby, for example, the current flowing between the intermediate layers 706a and 706b can be suppressed. In addition, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of a phenomenon in which the adjacent light emitting device 130b unintentionally emits light due to the operation of the light emitting device 130a.
- the light emitting device 130b can be arranged separately from the light emitting device 130a.
- the display device described in this embodiment also includes the insulating layer 125 and the insulating layer 127 .
- insulating layer 125 covers part of the upper surface and side surfaces of the intermediate layer 706a and part of the upper surface and side surfaces of the intermediate layer 706b.
- insulating layer 127 overlaps with part of the upper surface and side surfaces of the intermediate layer 706a and part of the upper surface and side surfaces of the intermediate layer 706b with the insulating layer 125 interposed therebetween.
- the end of the insulating layer 127 has a tapered shape with a taper angle of less than 90°, and the insulating layer 127 covers at least part of the side surface of the insulating layer 125 . Also, the upper surface of the insulating layer 127 is covered with the common electrode 115 . Note that the details of the structure of the insulating layer 125 and the structure of the insulating layer 127 will be described in Embodiment Mode 2. FIG.
- the light-emitting device 130X can be used for the display device of one embodiment of the present invention.
- the description of the configuration of the light emitting device 130X can be applied to the light emitting device 130a.
- the symbol "X" used in the configuration of the light-emitting device 130X can be read as "a” and used in the description of the light-emitting device 130a.
- the configuration of the light-emitting device 130X can be applied to the light-emitting device 130b or the light-emitting device 130c.
- the configuration of the light emitting device 130X can be applied to the light emitting device 130B, the light emitting device 130G, or the light emitting device 130R.
- the light emitting device 130X has an electrode 111X, an electrode 115X, a unit 703X, a unit 703X2, and an intermediate layer 706X (see FIG. 2).
- the electrode 115X overlaps with the electrode 111X. Also, unit 703X is sandwiched between electrode 115X and electrode 111X, unit 703X2 is sandwiched between electrode 115X and unit 703X, and intermediate layer 706X comprises a region sandwiched between unit 703X2 and unit 703X.
- the unit 703X has a function of emitting light ELX, and the unit 703X2 has a function of emitting light ELX2.
- the light-emitting device 130X has multiple stacked units between the electrodes 111X and 115X.
- the number of stacked units is not limited to two, and three or more units can be stacked.
- a structure including a plurality of stacked units sandwiched between the electrodes 111X and the electrodes 115X and an intermediate layer 706X sandwiched between the plurality of units is referred to as a stacked light emitting device or a tandem light emitting device. It may be called a device. This makes it possible to obtain high-luminance light emission while keeping the current density low. Alternatively, reliability can be improved. Alternatively, the drive voltage can be reduced by comparing the same luminance. Alternatively, power consumption can be suppressed.
- Unit 703X has a single-layer structure or a laminated structure.
- unit 703X comprises layer 711X, layer 712X and layer 713X (see FIG. 2).
- Unit 703X has a function of emitting light ELX.
- Layer 711X comprises a region sandwiched between layers 712X and 713X
- layer 712X comprises a region sandwiched between electrode 111X and layer 711X
- layer 713X comprises a region sandwiched between electrode 115X and layer 711X.
- a layer selected from functional layers such as a light-emitting layer, a hole transport layer, an electron transport layer, and a carrier block layer can be used for the unit 703X.
- a layer selected from functional layers such as a hole injection layer, an electron injection layer, an exciton blocking layer, and a charge generation layer can be used in the unit 703X.
- a material having a hole-transport property can be used for the layer 712X.
- the layer 712X can be referred to as a hole transport layer. Note that a structure in which a material having a larger bandgap than the light-emitting material contained in the layer 711X is used for the layer 712X is preferable. Accordingly, energy transfer from excitons generated in the layer 711X to the layer 712X can be suppressed.
- a material having a hole mobility of 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 cm 2 /Vs or more can be suitably used as a material having a hole-transport property.
- an amine compound or an organic compound having a ⁇ -electron rich heteroaromatic ring skeleton can be used as a material having a hole-transport property.
- a compound having an aromatic amine skeleton, a compound having a carbazole skeleton, a compound having a thiophene skeleton, a compound having a furan skeleton, and the like can be used.
- a compound having an aromatic amine skeleton or a compound having a carbazole skeleton is preferable because it has good reliability, high hole-transport properties, and contributes to reduction in driving voltage.
- Examples of compounds having an aromatic amine skeleton include 4,4'-bis[N-(1-naphthyl)-N-phenylamino]biphenyl (abbreviation: NPB), N,N'-bis(3-methylphenyl )-N,N'-diphenyl-[1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-diamine (abbreviation: TPD), 4,4'-bis[N-(spiro-9,9'-bifluorene-2 -yl)-N-phenylamino]biphenyl (abbreviation: BSPB), 4-phenyl-4′-(9-phenylfluoren-9-yl)triphenylamine (abbreviation: BPAFLP), 4-phenyl-3′-( 9-phenylfluoren-9-yl)triphenylamine (abbreviation: mBPAFLP), 4-phenyl-4′-(9-phenyl-9H-carba
- Examples of compounds having a carbazole skeleton include 1,3-bis(N-carbazolyl)benzene (abbreviation: mCP), 4,4′-di(N-carbazolyl)biphenyl (abbreviation: CBP), 3,6-bis (3,5-diphenylphenyl)-9-phenylcarbazole (abbreviation: CzTP), 3,3′-bis(9-phenyl-9H-carbazole) (abbreviation: PCCP), and the like can be used.
- mCP 1,3-bis(N-carbazolyl)benzene
- CBP 4,4′-di(N-carbazolyl)biphenyl
- CzTP 3,6-bis (3,5-diphenylphenyl)-9-phenylcarbazole
- PCCP 3,3′-bis(9-phenyl-9H-carbazole)
- Compounds having a thiophene skeleton include, for example, 4,4′,4′′-(benzene-1,3,5-triyl)tri(dibenzothiophene) (abbreviation: DBT3P-II), 2,8-diphenyl-4 -[4-(9-phenyl-9H-fluoren-9-yl)phenyl]dibenzothiophene (abbreviation: DBTFLP-III), 4-[4-(9-phenyl-9H-fluoren-9-yl)phenyl]- 6-phenyldibenzothiophene (abbreviation: DBTFLP-IV), etc. can be used.
- DBT3P-II 4,4′,4′′-(benzene-1,3,5-triyl)tri(dibenzothiophene)
- DBTFLP-III 2,8-diphenyl-4 -[4-(9-phenyl-9H-fluoren-9-yl)
- Examples of compounds having a furan skeleton include 4,4′,4′′-(benzene-1,3,5-triyl)tri(dibenzofuran) (abbreviation: DBF3P-II), 4- ⁇ 3-[3- (9-phenyl-9H-fluoren-9-yl)phenyl]phenyl ⁇ dibenzofuran (abbreviation: mmDBFFLBi-II), and the like can be used.
- DBF3P-II 4,4′,4′′-(benzene-1,3,5-triyl)tri(dibenzofuran)
- mmDBFFLBi-II 4- ⁇ 3-[3- (9-phenyl-9H-fluoren-9-yl)phenyl]phenyl ⁇ dibenzofuran
- ⁇ Configuration Example 1 of Layer 713X>> For example, a material having an electron-transporting property, a material having an anthracene skeleton, a mixed material, or the like can be used for the layer 713X. Also, the layer 713X can be referred to as an electron-transporting layer. Note that a structure in which a material having a larger bandgap than the light-emitting material contained in the layer 711X is used for the layer 713X is preferable. Accordingly, energy transfer from excitons generated in the layer 711X to the layer 713X can be suppressed.
- a metal complex or an organic compound having a ⁇ -electron-deficient heteroaromatic ring skeleton can be used as the electron-transporting material.
- a material having an electron mobility of 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 7 cm 2 /Vs or more and 5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 cm 2 /Vs or less under the condition that the square root of the electric field strength [V/cm] is 600 is considered to have an electron transport property. It can be suitably used for materials having Thereby, the electron transport property in the electron transport layer can be suppressed. Alternatively, the injection amount of electrons into the light-emitting layer can be controlled. Alternatively, it is possible to prevent the light-emitting layer from being in a state of excess electrons.
- metal complexes include bis(10-hydroxybenzo[h]quinolinato)beryllium(II) (abbreviation: BeBq2 ), bis(2-methyl-8-quinolinolato)(4-phenylphenolato)aluminum(III) (abbreviation: BAlq), bis(8-quinolinolato)zinc(II) (abbreviation: Znq), bis[2-(2-benzoxazolyl)phenolato]zinc(II) (abbreviation: ZnPBO), bis[2- (2-benzothiazolyl)phenolato]zinc(II) (abbreviation: ZnBTZ), and the like can be used.
- Examples of the organic compound having a ⁇ -electron-deficient heteroaromatic ring skeleton include a heterocyclic compound having a polyazole skeleton, a heterocyclic compound having a diazine skeleton, a heterocyclic compound having a pyridine skeleton, a heterocyclic compound having a triazine skeleton, and the like. can be used.
- a heterocyclic compound having a diazine skeleton or a heterocyclic compound having a pyridine skeleton is preferable because of its high reliability.
- a heterocyclic compound having a diazine (pyrimidine or pyrazine) skeleton has a high electron-transport property and can reduce driving voltage.
- heterocyclic compounds having a polyazole skeleton examples include 2-(4-biphenylyl)-5-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole (abbreviation: PBD), 3-(4 -biphenylyl)-4-phenyl-5-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-1,2,4-triazole (abbreviation: TAZ), 1,3-bis[5-(p-tert-butylphenyl)-1 ,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]benzene (abbreviation: OXD-7), 9-[4-(5-phenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)phenyl]-9H -carbazole (abbreviation: CO11), 2,2′,2′′-(1,3,5-benzenetriyl)tris(1-phenyl-1H-benzimidazole) (abbreviation: TPBI), 2-[3-
- heterocyclic compounds having a diazine skeleton examples include 2-[3-(dibenzothiophen-4-yl)phenyl]dibenzo[f,h]quinoxaline (abbreviation: 2mDBTPDBq-II), 2-[3′-(dibenzo thiophen-4-yl)biphenyl-3-yl]dibenzo[f,h]quinoxaline (abbreviation: 2mDBTBPDBq-II), 2-[3′-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)biphenyl-3-yl]dibenzo[ f,h]quinoxaline (abbreviation: 2mCzBPDBq), 4,6-bis[3-(phenanthren-9-yl)phenyl]pyrimidine (abbreviation: 4,6mPnP2Pm), 4,6-bis[3-(4-dibenzothienyl) ) phenyl]pyrimidine (abbreviation:
- Heterocyclic compounds having a pyridine skeleton include, for example, 3,5-bis[3-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)phenyl]pyridine (abbreviation: 35DCzPPy), 1,3,5-tri[3-(3 -pyridyl)phenyl]benzene (abbreviation: TmPyPB), and the like can be used.
- 35DCzPPy 3,5-bis[3-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)phenyl]pyridine
- TmPyPB 1,3,5-tri[3-(3 -pyridyl)phenyl]benzene
- heterocyclic compounds having a triazine skeleton examples include 2-[3′-(9,9-dimethyl-9H-fluoren-2-yl)biphenyl-3-yl]-4,6-diphenyl-1,3, 5-triazine (abbreviation: mFBPTzn), 2-[(1,1′-biphenyl)-4-yl]-4-phenyl-6-[9,9′-spirobi(9H-fluoren)-2-yl]- 1,3,5-triazine (abbreviation: BP-SFTzn), 2- ⁇ 3-[3-(benzo[b]naphtho[1,2-d]furan-8-yl)phenyl]phenyl ⁇ -4,6 -diphenyl-1,3,5-triazine (abbreviation: mBnfBPTZn), 2- ⁇ 3-[3-(benzo[b]naphtho[1,2-d]furan-6-yl)pheny
- An organic compound having an anthracene skeleton can be used for the layer 713X.
- an organic compound containing both an anthracene skeleton and a heterocyclic skeleton can be preferably used.
- an organic compound containing both an anthracene skeleton and a nitrogen-containing five-membered ring skeleton can be used.
- an organic compound containing both a nitrogen-containing five-membered ring skeleton containing two heteroatoms in the ring and an anthracene skeleton can be used.
- a pyrazole ring, imidazole ring, oxazole ring, thiazole ring, and the like can be suitably used for the heterocyclic skeleton.
- an organic compound containing both an anthracene skeleton and a nitrogen-containing 6-membered ring skeleton can be used.
- an organic compound containing both a nitrogen-containing 6-membered ring skeleton containing two heteroatoms in the ring and an anthracene skeleton can be used.
- a pyrazine ring, a pyrimidine ring, a pyridazine ring, or the like can be suitably used for the heterocyclic skeleton.
- the unit 703X contains alkali metal or alkaline earth metal.
- a mixed material containing an alkali metal, an alkali metal compound, or an alkali metal complex and an organic compound L can be used for the layer 713X.
- a layer containing an alkali metal, an alkali metal compound or an alkali metal complex can be used in contact with a layer containing the organic compound L.
- ⁇ Configuration Example 1 of Layer 711X>> For example, a light-emitting material, or a light-emitting material and a host material, can be used for layer 711X. Further, the layer 711X can be called a light-emitting layer. Note that a structure in which the layer 711X is arranged in a region where holes and electrons recombine is preferable. As a result, energy generated by recombination of carriers can be efficiently converted into light and emitted.
- the layer 711X away from the metal used for the electrode or the like. As a result, it is possible to suppress the quenching phenomenon caused by the metal used for the electrode or the like.
- the layer 711X at an appropriate position according to the emission wavelength by adjusting the distance from the reflective electrode or the like to the layer 711X.
- the amplitude can be strengthened by using the interference phenomenon between the light reflected by the electrode and the like and the light emitted from the layer 711X.
- the spectrum of light can be narrowed by intensifying light of a predetermined wavelength.
- bright luminescent colors can be obtained with high intensity.
- the layers 711X can be placed at appropriate locations between the electrodes and the like to form a microresonator structure (microcavity).
- a fluorescent light-emitting substance a phosphorescent light-emitting substance, or a substance exhibiting thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) (also referred to as a TADF material) can be used as the light-emitting material.
- TADF thermally activated delayed fluorescence
- energy generated by recombination of carriers can be emitted as light ELX from the luminescent material (see FIG. 2).
- a fluorescent emitting material can be used for layer 711X.
- the layer 711X can be made of a fluorescent light-emitting material exemplified below. Note that the layer 711X is not limited to this, and various known fluorescent materials can be used for the layer 711X.
- condensed aromatic diamine compounds typified by pyrenediamine compounds such as 1,6FLPAPrn, 1,6mMemFLPAPrn, and 1,6BnfAPrn-03 are preferable because of their high hole-trapping properties and excellent luminous efficiency or reliability.
- N-[4-(9,10-diphenyl-2-anthryl)phenyl]-N,N',N'-triphenyl-1,4-phenylenediamine abbreviation: 2DPAPPA
- N,N,N' ,N′,N′′,N′′,N′′′,N′′′-octaphenyldibenzo[g,p]chrysene-2,7,10,15-tetramine abbreviation: DBC1
- DBC1 dibenzo[g,p]chrysene-2,7,10,15-tetramine
- 2PCAPA 9,10-diphenyl-2-[N-phenyl-N-(9-phenyl-carbazol-3-yl)-amino]-anthracene
- 2PCAPA N-[9,10-bis(1,1' -biphenyl-2-yl)-2-anthryl]-N,9-diphenyl-9H-carbazol-3
- DCM1 2-(2- ⁇ 2-[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]ethenyl ⁇ -6-methyl-4H-pyran-4-ylidene)propanedinitrile
- DCM2 2- ⁇ 2-methyl- 6-[2-(2,3,6,7-tetrahydro-1H,5H-benzo[ij]quinolidin-9-yl)ethenyl]-4H-pyran-4-ylidene ⁇ propandinitrile
- DCM2 N,N,N',N'-tetrakis(4-methylphenyl)tetracene-5,11-diamine
- p-mPhTD 7,14-diphenyl-N,N,N',N'-tetrakis
- 4-methylphenyl)acenaphtho[1,2-a]fluoranthene-3,10-diamine abbreviation: p-mPhAFD
- a phosphorescent emissive material can be used for layer 711X.
- a phosphorescent substance given below can be used for the layer 711X.
- various known phosphorescent light-emitting substances can be used for the layer 711X without being limited thereto.
- an organometallic iridium complex having a 4H-triazole skeleton, an organometallic iridium complex having a 1H-triazole skeleton, an organometallic iridium complex having an imidazole skeleton, and an organometallic iridium having a phenylpyridine derivative having an electron-withdrawing group as a ligand A complex, an organometallic iridium complex having a pyrimidine skeleton, an organometallic iridium complex having a pyrazine skeleton, an organometallic iridium complex having a pyridine skeleton, a rare earth metal complex, a platinum complex, or the like can be used for the layer 711X.
- Organometallic iridium complexes having a 4H-triazole skeleton include tris ⁇ 2-[5-(2-methylphenyl)-4-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3 -yl- ⁇ N2]phenyl- ⁇ C ⁇ iridium(III) (abbreviation: [Ir(mpptz-dmp) 3 ]), tris(5-methyl-3,4-diphenyl-4H-1,2,4-triazolato)iridium (III) (abbreviation: [Ir(Mptz) 3 ]), tris[4-(3-biphenyl)-5-isopropyl-3-phenyl-4H-1,2,4-triazolato]iridium (III) (abbreviation: [Ir(iPrptz-3b) 3 ]), etc. can be used.
- organometallic iridium complexes having a 1H-triazole skeleton examples include tris[3-methyl-1-(2-methylphenyl)-5-phenyl-1H-1,2,4-triazolato]iridium (III) (abbreviation: [Ir(Mptz1-mp) 3 ]), tris(1-methyl-5-phenyl-3-propyl-1H-1,2,4-triazolato)iridium (III) (abbreviation: [Ir(Prptz1-Me) 3 ) ]), etc. can be used.
- organometallic iridium complexes having an imidazole skeleton examples include fac-tris[1-(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-2-phenyl-1H-imidazole]iridium(III) (abbreviation: [Ir(iPrpmi) 3 ]) , tris[3-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-7-methylimidazo[1,2-f]phenanthridinato]iridium (III) (abbreviation: [Ir(dmpimpt-Me) 3 ]), etc. can be used.
- organometallic iridium complexes having a phenylpyridine derivative having an electron-withdrawing group as a ligand include bis[2-(4′,6′-difluorophenyl)pyridinato-N,C 2′ ]iridium(III) tetrakis ( 1-pyrazolyl)borate (abbreviation: FIr6), bis[2-(4′,6′-difluorophenyl)pyridinato-N,C 2′ ]iridium(III) picolinate (abbreviation: FIrpic), bis ⁇ 2-[3 ',5'-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyridinato-N,C2 ' ⁇ iridium(III) picolinate (abbreviation: [Ir( CF3ppy ) 2 (pic)]), bis[2-(4',6'-difluorophenyl)pyridinato-N, C2' ]i
- These compounds are compounds that emit blue phosphorescence and have a peak emission wavelength from 440 nm to 520 nm.
- Organometallic iridium complexes having a pyrimidine skeleton include tris(4-methyl-6-phenylpyrimidinato)iridium(III) (abbreviation: [Ir(mpm) 3 ]), tris(4-t-butyl-6 -phenylpyrimidinato)iridium (III) (abbreviation: [Ir(tBuppm) 3 ]), (acetylacetonato)bis(6-methyl-4-phenylpyrimidinato)iridium (III) (abbreviation: [Ir( mppm) 2 (acac)]), (acetylacetonato)bis(6-tert-butyl-4-phenylpyrimidinato)iridium (III) (abbreviation: [Ir(tBuppm) 2 (acac)]), (acetyl acetonato)bis[6-(2-norborny
- organometallic iridium complexes having a pyrazine skeleton examples include (acetylacetonato)bis(3,5-dimethyl-2-phenylpyrazinato)iridium (III) (abbreviation: [Ir(mppr-Me) 2 (acac) ]), (acetylacetonato)bis(5-isopropyl-3-methyl-2-phenylpyrazinato)iridium(III) (abbreviation: [Ir(mppr-iPr) 2 (acac)]), etc. can be done.
- organometallic iridium complexes having a pyridine skeleton examples include tris(2-phenylpyridinato-N,C2 ' )iridium(III) (abbreviation: [Ir(ppy) 3 ]), bis(2-phenylpyridina to-N,C2 ' )iridium(III) acetylacetonate (abbreviation: [Ir(ppy) 2 (acac)]), bis(benzo[h]quinolinato)iridium(III) acetylacetonate (abbreviation: [Ir (bzq) 2 (acac)]), tris(benzo[h]quinolinato)iridium (III) (abbreviation: [Ir(bzq) 3 ]), tris(2-phenylquinolinato-N,C 2′ )iridium ( III) (abbreviation: [Ir(pq) 3 ]), bis(2-phenylquinolinato-N
- Rare earth metal complexes include tris(acetylacetonato)(monophenanthroline)terbium(III) (abbreviation: [Tb(acac) 3 (Phen)]), and the like.
- These compounds mainly emit green phosphorescence and have a peak emission wavelength between 500 nm and 600 nm. Also, an organometallic iridium complex having a pyrimidine skeleton is remarkably excellent in reliability or luminous efficiency.
- organometallic iridium complexes having a pyrimidine skeleton examples include (diisobutyrylmethanato)bis[4,6-bis(3-methylphenyl)pyrimidinato]iridium(III) (abbreviation: [Ir(5mdppm) 2 (dibm)] ), bis[4,6-bis(3-methylphenyl)pyrimidinato](dipivaloylmethanato)iridium (III) (abbreviation: [Ir(5mdppm) 2 (dpm)]), bis[4,6-di (naphthalen-1-yl)pyrimidinato](dipivaloylmethanato)iridium(III) (abbreviation: [Ir(d1npm) 2 (dpm)]), and the like can be used.
- organometallic iridium complexes having a pyrazine skeleton examples include (acetylacetonato)bis(2,3,5-triphenylpyrazinato)iridium (III) (abbreviation: [Ir(tppr) 2 (acac)]), bis(2,3,5-triphenylpyrazinato)(dipivaloylmethanato)iridium(III) (abbreviation: [Ir(tppr) 2 (dpm)]), (acetylacetonato)bis[2,3 -Bis(4-fluorophenyl)quinoxalinato]iridium(III) (abbreviation: [Ir(Fdpq) 2 (acac)]) and the like can be used.
- Organometallic iridium complexes having a pyridine skeleton include tris(1-phenylisoquinolinato-N,C2 ' )iridium(III) (abbreviation: [Ir(piq) 3 ]), bis(1-phenylisoquino linato-N,C2 ' )iridium(III) acetylacetonate (abbreviation: [Ir(piq) 2 (acac)]), and the like can be used.
- rare earth metal complexes include tris(1,3-diphenyl-1,3-propanedionate)(monophenanthroline)europium(III) (abbreviation: [Eu(DBM) 3 (Phen)]), tris[1- (2-thenoyl)-3,3,3-trifluoroacetonato](monophenanthroline) europium (III) (abbreviation: [Eu(TTA) 3 (Phen)]) and the like can be used.
- PtOEP 2,3,7,8,12,13,17,18-octaethyl-21H,23H-porphyrinplatinum(II) (abbreviation: PtOEP) or the like can be used.
- an organometallic iridium complex having a pyrazine skeleton provides red light emission with chromaticity suitable for use in display devices.
- TADF material can be used for layer 711X.
- a TADF material exemplified below can be used as a luminescent material.
- Various known TADF materials can be used as the luminescent material without being limited to this.
- a TADF material has a small difference between the S1 level and the T1 level, and can reverse intersystem crossing (up-convert) from a triplet excited state to a singlet excited state with a small amount of thermal energy. Thereby, a singlet excited state can be efficiently generated from a triplet excited state. Also, triplet excitation energy can be converted into luminescence.
- an exciplex also called exciplex, exciplex, or Exciplex
- an exciplex in which two kinds of substances form an excited state has an extremely small difference between the S1 level and the T1 level, and the triplet excitation energy is replaced by the singlet excitation energy. It functions as a TADF material that can be converted into
- a phosphorescence spectrum observed at a low temperature may be used as an index of the T1 level.
- a tangent line is drawn at the tail of the fluorescence spectrum on the short wavelength side
- the energy of the wavelength of the extrapolated line is the S1 level
- a tangent line is drawn at the tail of the phosphorescence spectrum on the short wavelength side
- the extrapolation When the energy of the wavelength of the line is the T1 level, the difference between S1 and T1 is preferably 0.3 eV or less, more preferably 0.2 eV or less.
- the S1 level of the host material is preferably higher than the S1 level of the TADF material.
- the T1 level of the host material is preferably higher than the T1 level of the TADF material.
- fullerene and its derivatives, acridine and its derivatives, eosin derivatives, etc. can be used as the TADF material.
- Metal-containing porphyrins containing magnesium (Mg), zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd), tin (Sn), platinum (Pt), indium (In), or palladium (Pd) can also be used as TADF materials. can.
- protoporphyrin-tin fluoride complex SnF2 (Proto IX)
- mesoporphyrin-tin fluoride complex SnF2 (Meso IX)
- hematoporphyrin-tin fluoride which have the following structural formulas complex (SnF 2 (Hemato IX)), coproporphyrin tetramethyl ester-tin fluoride complex (SnF 2 (Copro III-4Me)), octaethylporphyrin-tin fluoride complex (SnF 2 (OEP)), ethioporphyrin- Tin fluoride complex (SnF 2 (Etio I)), octaethylporphyrin-platinum chloride complex (PtCl 2 OEP), and the like can be used.
- a heterocyclic compound having one or both of a ⁇ -electron-rich heteroaromatic ring and a ⁇ -electron-deficient heteroaromatic ring can be used as the TADF material.
- the heterocyclic compound has a ⁇ -electron-rich heteroaromatic ring and a ⁇ -electron-deficient heteroaromatic ring, the heterocyclic compound has both high electron-transporting properties and high hole-transporting properties, which is preferable.
- skeletons having a ⁇ -electron-deficient heteroaromatic ring a pyridine skeleton, a diazine skeleton (pyrimidine skeleton, pyrazine skeleton, pyridazine skeleton), and a triazine skeleton are particularly preferable because they are stable and reliable.
- a benzofuropyrimidine skeleton, a benzothienopyrimidine skeleton, a benzofuropyrazine skeleton, and a benzothienopyrazine skeleton are preferred because they have high acceptor properties and good reliability.
- an acridine skeleton, a phenoxazine skeleton, a phenothiazine skeleton, a furan skeleton, a thiophene skeleton, and a pyrrole skeleton are stable and reliable. It is preferred to have A dibenzofuran skeleton is preferable as the furan skeleton, and a dibenzothiophene skeleton is preferable as the thiophene skeleton.
- an indole skeleton As the pyrrole skeleton, an indole skeleton, a carbazole skeleton, an indolocarbazole skeleton, a bicarbazole skeleton, and a 3-(9-phenyl-9H-carbazol-3-yl)-9H-carbazole skeleton are particularly preferred.
- a substance in which a ⁇ -electron-rich heteroaromatic ring and a ⁇ -electron-deficient heteroaromatic ring are directly bonded has both the electron-donating property of the ⁇ -electron-rich heteroaromatic ring and the electron-accepting property of the ⁇ -electron-deficient heteroaromatic ring. It is particularly preferable because it becomes stronger and the energy difference between the S1 level and the T1 level becomes smaller, so that thermally activated delayed fluorescence can be efficiently obtained.
- An aromatic ring to which an electron-withdrawing group such as a cyano group is bonded may be used instead of the ⁇ -electron-deficient heteroaromatic ring.
- an aromatic amine skeleton, a phenazine skeleton, or the like can be used as the ⁇ -electron-rich skeleton.
- the ⁇ -electron-deficient skeleton includes a xanthene skeleton, a thioxanthene dioxide skeleton, an oxadiazole skeleton, a triazole skeleton, an imidazole skeleton, an anthraquinone skeleton, a boron-containing skeleton such as phenylborane or borantrene, and a nitrile such as benzonitrile or cyanobenzene.
- An aromatic ring or heteroaromatic ring having a group or a cyano group, a carbonyl skeleton such as benzophenone, a phosphine oxide skeleton, a sulfone skeleton, or the like can be used.
- a ⁇ -electron-deficient skeleton and a ⁇ -electron-rich skeleton can be used in place of at least one of the ⁇ -electron-deficient heteroaromatic ring and the ⁇ -electron-rich heteroaromatic ring.
- a material having a carrier-transport property can be used as the host material.
- a material having a hole-transporting property, a material having an electron-transporting property, a substance exhibiting thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF), a material having an anthracene skeleton, a mixed material, or the like can be used as the host material.
- TADF thermally activated delayed fluorescence
- a material having an anthracene skeleton a mixed material, or the like
- TADF thermally activated delayed fluorescence
- a material having an anthracene skeleton a mixed material, or the like
- a structure in which a material having a larger bandgap than the light-emitting material contained in the layer 711X is used as the host material is preferable. Accordingly, energy transfer from excitons generated in the layer 711X to the host material can be suppressed.
- a material having a hole mobility of 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 cm 2 /Vs or more can be suitably used as a material having a hole-transport property.
- a material having a hole-transport property that can be used for the layer 712X can be used for the layer 711X.
- a material having a hole-transport property that can be used for the hole-transport layer can be used for the layer 711X.
- a metal complex or an organic compound having a ⁇ -electron-deficient heteroaromatic ring skeleton can be used as the electron-transporting material.
- an electron-transporting material that can be used for the layer 713X can be used for the layer 711X.
- a material having an electron-transport property that can be used for the electron-transport layer can be used for the layer 711X.
- An organic compound having an anthracene skeleton can be used as the host material.
- an organic compound having an anthracene skeleton is suitable. This makes it possible to realize a light-emitting device with good luminous efficiency and durability.
- an organic compound having an anthracene skeleton an organic compound having a diphenylanthracene skeleton, particularly a 9,10-diphenylanthracene skeleton is preferable because it is chemically stable.
- the host material has a carbazole skeleton because the hole injection/transport properties are enhanced.
- the HOMO level is about 0.1 eV shallower than that of carbazole. is.
- a benzofluorene skeleton or a dibenzofluorene skeleton may be used instead of the carbazole skeleton.
- a substance having both a 9,10-diphenylanthracene skeleton and a carbazole skeleton, a substance having both a 9,10-diphenylanthracene skeleton and a benzocarbazole skeleton, and a substance having both a 9,10-diphenylanthracene skeleton and a dibenzocarbazole skeleton are It is preferable as a host material.
- 6-[3-(9,10-diphenyl-2-anthryl)phenyl]-benzo[b]naphtho[1,2-d]furan abbreviation: 2mBnfPPA
- 9-phenyl-10- ⁇ 4-( 9-phenyl-9H-fluoren-9-yl)biphenyl-4′-yl ⁇ anthracene abbreviation: FLPPA
- 9-(1-naphthyl)-10-[4-(2-naphthyl)phenyl]anthracene abbreviation: ⁇ N- ⁇ NPAnth
- PCzPA 9-phenyl-3-[4-(10-phenyl-9-anthryl)phenyl]-9H-carbazole
- CzPA 7-[4-[4-[4-(10-phenyl-9-anthracenyl)phenyl ]-9H-carbazole
- CzPA 7-[4-[4-
- CzPA, cgDBCzPA, 2mBnfPPA and PCzPA exhibit very good properties.
- a TADF material can be used as the host material.
- TADF materials can convert triplet excitation energy to singlet excitation energy through reverse intersystem crossing.
- a configuration in which carriers recombine is preferable.
- the excitation energy can be transferred to the luminescent material.
- the TADF material acts as an energy donor and the luminescent material acts as an energy acceptor. This can increase the luminous efficiency of the light emitting device.
- a fluorescence-emitting substance can be preferably used.
- high luminous efficiency can be obtained when the S1 level of the TADF material is higher than the S1 level of the fluorescent material.
- the T1 level of the TADF material is higher than the S1 level of the fluorescent material.
- the T1 level of the TADF material is higher than the T1 level of the fluorescent material.
- a TADF material that emits light that overlaps the wavelength of the absorption band on the lowest energy side of the fluorescent light-emitting substance. This facilitates the transfer of excitation energy from the TADF material to the fluorescent light-emitting substance, making it possible to efficiently obtain light emission.
- the fluorescent light-emitting substance used as the energy acceptor preferably has a luminophore (skeleton that causes luminescence) and a protecting group around the luminophore. Moreover, it is more preferable to have a plurality of protecting groups. This can suppress the phenomenon that the triplet excitation energy generated in the TADF material is transferred to the triplet excitation energy of the fluorescence-emitting substance.
- the luminophore refers to an atomic group (skeleton) that causes luminescence in a fluorescent light-emitting substance.
- the luminophore preferably has a skeleton having a ⁇ bond, preferably contains an aromatic ring, and preferably has a condensed aromatic ring or a condensed heteroaromatic ring.
- the condensed aromatic ring or condensed heteroaromatic ring includes a phenanthrene skeleton, a stilbene skeleton, an acridone skeleton, a phenoxazine skeleton, a phenothiazine skeleton, and the like.
- a naphthalene skeleton, anthracene skeleton, fluorene skeleton, chrysene skeleton, triphenylene skeleton, tetracene skeleton, pyrene skeleton, perylene skeleton, coumarin skeleton, quinacridone skeleton, and naphthobisbenzofuran skeleton are preferred because of their high fluorescence quantum yield. .
- a substituent having no ⁇ bond is preferable.
- saturated hydrocarbons are preferable, and specifically, a methyl group, a branched alkyl group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms forming a ring, A trialkylsilyl group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms can be used as a protecting group.
- Substituents that do not have a ⁇ bond are poor in the function of transporting carriers.
- TADF material that can be used as a light-emitting material can be used as a host material.
- composition example 1 of mixed material A material in which a plurality of kinds of substances are mixed can be used as the host material.
- a material having an electron-transporting property and a material having a hole-transporting property can be used as a mixed material.
- composition example 2 of mixed material A material mixed with a phosphorescent substance can be used as the host material.
- a phosphorescent light-emitting substance can be used as an energy donor that provides excitation energy to a fluorescent light-emitting substance when a fluorescent light-emitting substance is used as the light-emitting substance.
- the phosphorescent substance When a material mixed with a phosphorescent substance is used as the host material, the phosphorescent substance preferably has a protective group. Moreover, it is more preferable to have a plurality of protecting groups.
- a substituent having no ⁇ bond is preferable.
- saturated hydrocarbons are preferable, and specifically, branched alkyl groups having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl groups having 3 to 10 carbon atoms forming a ring, and 3 carbon atoms.
- Above 10 trialkylsilyl groups can be used as protective groups.
- Substituents that do not have a ⁇ bond are poor in the function of transporting carriers. This allows the lumophores of the fluorescent emitters to be kept away from the phosphorescent emitters and the distance between the phosphorescent and fluorescent emitters to be adequate, with little effect on carrier transport or carrier recombination. can.
- energy transfer by the Dexter mechanism can be suppressed, and energy transfer by the Forster mechanism can be promoted.
- the fluorescent light-emitting substance has a luminophore (skeleton that causes light emission) and a protective group around the luminophore. is preferred. Moreover, it is more preferable to have a plurality of protecting groups.
- composition example 3 of mixed material A mixed material containing a material that forms an exciplex can be used as the host material.
- a material in which the emission spectrum of the formed exciplex overlaps with the wavelength of the absorption band on the lowest energy side of the light-emitting substance can be used as the host material.
- the drive voltage can be suppressed.
- ExTET Exciplex-Triplet Energy Transfer
- At least one of the materials that form an exciplex can be a phosphorescent substance. This makes it possible to take advantage of reverse intersystem crossing. Alternatively, triplet excitation energy can be efficiently converted into singlet excitation energy.
- the HOMO level of the material having a hole-transporting property is higher than or equal to the HOMO level of the material having an electron-transporting property.
- the LUMO level of the material having a hole-transporting property is preferably higher than or equal to the LUMO level of the material having an electron-transporting property. Accordingly, an exciplex can be efficiently formed.
- the LUMO level and HOMO level of the material can be derived from the electrochemical properties (reduction potential and oxidation potential). Specifically, cyclic voltammetry (CV) measurements can be used to measure reduction potentials and oxidation potentials.
- an exciplex is performed by comparing, for example, the emission spectrum of a material having a hole-transporting property, the emission spectrum of a material having an electron-transporting property, and the emission spectrum of a mixed film in which these materials are mixed. can be confirmed by observing the phenomenon that the emission spectrum of each material shifts to a longer wavelength (or has a new peak on the longer wavelength side).
- the transient photoluminescence (PL) of a material having a hole-transporting property, the transient PL of a material having an electron-transporting property, and the transient PL of a mixed film in which these materials are mixed are compared, and the transient PL lifetime of the mixed film is This can be confirmed by observing the difference in transient response, such as having a component with a longer lifetime than the transient PL lifetime of each material, or having a larger proportion of a delayed component.
- the transient PL described above may be read as transient electroluminescence (EL).
- the formation of an exciplex can also be confirmed. can be confirmed.
- the intermediate layer 706X has a function of supplying electrons to one of the units 703X and 703X2 and supplying holes to the other.
- intermediate layer 706X comprises layer 706X1, layer 706X2 and layer 706X3.
- Layer 706X2 is sandwiched between layer 706X1 and unit 703X, and layer 706X2 contacts unit 703X.
- Layer 706X3 is also sandwiched between layers 706X1 and 706X2.
- ⁇ Configuration example of layer 706X2>> a material with electron injection properties can be used for the layer 706X2.
- the layer 706X2 can be referred to as an electron injection layer.
- an electron-donating substance can be used for the layer 706X2.
- a material obtained by combining an electron-donating substance and an electron-transporting material can be used for the layer 706X2. Note that when the layer 706X2 is stacked on the layer 713X, the electron-donating substance contained in the layer 706X2 diffuses into the layer 713X, forming a mixed layer of the organic compound L contained in the layer 713X and the electron-donating substance. may be
- Electrode donating substance For example, alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, rare earth metals, or compounds thereof (oxides, halides, carbonates, etc.) can be used as electron-donating substances.
- an organic compound such as tetrathianaphthacene (abbreviation: TTN), nickelocene, decamethylnickelocene, or the like can be used as the electron-donating substance.
- Alkali metal compounds include lithium oxide, lithium fluoride (LiF), cesium fluoride (CsF), lithium carbonate, cesium carbonate, 8-hydroxyquinolinato-lithium (abbreviation : Liq), etc. can be used.
- Calcium fluoride (CaF 2 ) and the like can be used as alkaline earth metal compounds (including oxides, halides, and carbonates).
- a material in which a plurality of kinds of substances are combined can be used as the material having an electron-injecting property.
- a substance having an electron-donating property and a material having an electron-transporting property can be used as a composite material.
- a metal complex or an organic compound having a ⁇ -electron-deficient heteroaromatic ring skeleton can be used as the electron-transporting material.
- an electron-transporting material that can be used for the unit 703X can be used for the composite material.
- the organic compound L can be suitably used for composite materials.
- ⁇ Configuration example of layer 706X1>> For example, a material that supplies electrons to the anode side and holes to the cathode side by applying a voltage can be used for layer 706X1. Specifically, electrons can be supplied to the unit 703X arranged on the anode side, and holes can be supplied to the unit 703X2 arranged on the cathode side. Also, the layer 706X1 can be referred to as a charge generation layer.
- a substance having acceptor properties can be used for the layer 706X1.
- a composite material containing multiple substances can be used for layer 706X1.
- the layer 706X1 containing the composite material preferably has an electrical resistivity of 1 ⁇ 10 2 [ ⁇ cm] or more and 1 ⁇ 10 8 [ ⁇ cm] or less.
- Organic compounds and inorganic compounds can be used as substances having acceptor properties.
- a substance having an acceptor property can extract electrons from an adjacent hole-transporting layer or a material having a hole-transporting property by application of an electric field.
- an organic compound having an electron-withdrawing group (a halogen group or a cyano group) can be used as a substance having acceptor properties.
- an organic compound having an acceptor property is easily vapor-deposited and easily formed into a film. Thereby, the productivity of the light-emitting device can be improved.
- a compound in which an electron-withdrawing group is bound to a condensed aromatic ring having a plurality of heteroatoms such as HAT-CN, is thermally stable and preferable.
- Radialene derivatives having an electron-withdrawing group are preferred because they have very high electron-accepting properties.
- a transition metal oxide can be used as a substance having an acceptor property.
- molybdenum oxide, vanadium oxide, ruthenium oxide, tungsten oxide, manganese oxide, or the like can be used as the substance having acceptor properties.
- phthalocyanine-based complex compounds such as phthalocyanine (abbreviation: H 2 Pc) and copper phthalocyanine (CuPc), 4,4′-bis[N-(4-diphenylaminophenyl)-N-phenylamino]biphenyl (abbreviation: DPAB), N,N'-bis ⁇ 4-[bis(3-methylphenyl)amino]phenyl ⁇ -N,N'-diphenyl-(1,1'-biphenyl)-4,4'-diamine (abbreviation: A compound having an aromatic amine skeleton such as DNTPD) can be used.
- DPAB 4,4′-bis[N-(4-diphenylaminophenyl)-N-phenylamino]biphenyl
- DPAB 4,4′-bis[N-(4-diphenylaminophenyl)-N-phenylamino]biphenyl
- DPAB 4,4
- Polymers such as poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/polystyrenesulfonic acid (PEDOT/PSS) can also be used.
- compounds with an aromatic amine skeleton, carbazole derivatives, aromatic hydrocarbons, aromatic hydrocarbons with a vinyl group, polymer compounds (oligomers, dendrimers, polymers, etc.) can be used as hole transporters in composite materials. It can be used for materials having properties.
- a material having a hole mobility of 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 cm 2 /Vs or more can be suitably used as a material having a hole-transport property of the composite material.
- a substance having a relatively deep HOMO level can be suitably used as a hole-transporting material of the composite material.
- the HOMO level is preferably ⁇ 5.7 eV or more and ⁇ 5.3 eV or less. This facilitates the injection of holes into the unit 703X2. Alternatively, hole injection into layer 712X2 can be facilitated. Alternatively, the reliability of the light emitting device can be improved.
- Examples of compounds having an aromatic amine skeleton include N,N'-di(p-tolyl)-N,N'-diphenyl-p-phenylenediamine (abbreviation: DTDPPA), 4,4'-bis[N- (4-diphenylaminophenyl)-N-phenylamino]biphenyl (abbreviation: DPAB), N,N'-bis ⁇ 4-[bis(3-methylphenyl)amino]phenyl ⁇ -N,N'-diphenyl-( 1,1′-biphenyl)-4,4′-diamine (abbreviation: DNTPD), 1,3,5-tris[N-(4-diphenylaminophenyl)-N-phenylamino]benzene (abbreviation: DPA3B), etc. can be used.
- DTDPPA 4,4'-bis[N- (4-diphenylaminophenyl)-N-phenylamino]b
- Carbazole derivatives include, for example, 3-[N-(9-phenylcarbazol-3-yl)-N-phenylamino]-9-phenylcarbazole (abbreviation: PCzPCA1), 3,6-bis[N-(9- phenylcarbazol-3-yl)-N-phenylamino]-9-phenylcarbazole (abbreviation: PCzPCA2), 3-[N-(1-naphthyl)-N-(9-phenylcarbazol-3-yl)amino]- 9-phenylcarbazole (abbreviation: PCzPCN1), 4,4′-di(N-carbazolyl)biphenyl (abbreviation: CBP), 1,3,5-tris[4-(N-carbazolyl)phenyl]benzene (abbreviation: TCPB) ), 9-[4-(10-phenyl-9-anthracenyl
- aromatic hydrocarbons examples include 2-tert-butyl-9,10-di(2-naphthyl)anthracene (abbreviation: t-BuDNA), 2-tert-butyl-9,10-di(1-naphthyl) anthracene, 9,10-bis(3,5-diphenylphenyl)anthracene (abbreviation: DPPA), 2-tert-butyl-9,10-bis(4-phenylphenyl)anthracene (abbreviation: t-BuDBA), 9, 10-di(2-naphthyl)anthracene (abbreviation: DNA), 9,10-diphenylanthracene (abbreviation: DPAnth), 2-tert-butylanthracene (abbreviation: t-BuAnth), 9,10-bis(4-methyl) -1-naphthyl)anthracene (abbreviation: DM
- aromatic hydrocarbons having a vinyl group examples include 4,4′-bis(2,2-diphenylvinyl)biphenyl (abbreviation: DPVBi), 9,10-bis[4-(2,2- Diphenylvinyl)phenyl]anthracene (abbreviation: DPVPA) and the like can be used.
- DPVBi 4,4′-bis(2,2-diphenylvinyl)biphenyl
- DPVPA 9,10-bis[4-(2,2- Diphenylvinyl)phenyl]anthracene
- polymer compounds include poly(N-vinylcarbazole) (abbreviation: PVK), poly(4-vinyltriphenylamine) (abbreviation: PVTPA), poly[N-(4- ⁇ N'-[4- (4-diphenylamino)phenyl]phenyl-N′-phenylamino ⁇ phenyl)methacrylamide] (abbreviation: PTPDMA), poly[N,N′-bis(4-butylphenyl)-N,N′-bis(phenyl ) benzidine] (abbreviation: Poly-TPD), etc. can be used.
- PVK poly(N-vinylcarbazole)
- PVTPA poly(4-vinyltriphenylamine)
- PTPDMA poly[N-(4- ⁇ N'-[4- (4-diphenylamino)phenyl]phenyl-N′-phenylamino ⁇ phenyl)methacrylamide]
- a substance having any one of a carbazole skeleton, a dibenzofuran skeleton, a dibenzothiophene skeleton, and an anthracene skeleton can be suitably used as a hole-transporting material of the composite material.
- a substance comprising an aromatic amine having a substituent containing a dibenzofuran ring or a dibenzothiophene ring, an aromatic monoamine having a naphthalene ring, or an aromatic monoamine having a 9-fluorenyl group bonded to the nitrogen of the amine via an arylene group. can be used for materials having hole-transport properties in composite materials. Note that the reliability of the light-emitting device can be improved by using a substance having an N,N-bis(4-biphenyl)amino group.
- BnfABP N-(4-biphenyl)-6,N-diphenylbenzo[b]naphtho[1,2-d]furan-8-amine
- BnfABP N,N-bis( 4-biphenyl)-6-phenylbenzo[b]naphtho[1,2-d]furan-8-amine
- BBABnf 4,4′-bis(6-phenylbenzo[b]naphtho[1,2 -d]furan-8-yl)-4′′-phenyltriphenylamine
- BnfBB1BP N,N-bis(4-biphenyl)benzo[b]naphtho[1,2-d]furan-6- amine
- BBABnf(6) N,N-bis(4-biphenyl)benzo[b]naphtho[1,2-d]furan-8-amine
- layer 706X3 a material having an electron-transport property can be used for the layer 706X3.
- layer 706X3 can be referred to as an electron relay layer.
- the layer contacting the anode side of layer 706X3 can be kept away from the layer contacting the cathode side of layer 706X3.
- the interaction between the layer on the anode side of layer 706X3 and the layer on the cathode side of layer 706X3 can be mitigated.
- electrons can be smoothly supplied to the layer in contact with the anode side of the layer 706X3.
- a material having a LUMO level in the range of ⁇ 5.0 eV or more, preferably ⁇ 5.0 eV or more and ⁇ 3.0 eV or less, more preferably ⁇ 4.0 eV or more and ⁇ 3.3 eV or less, is used for the layer 706X3. can be done.
- a material having unpaired electrons can be used.
- a phthalocyanine-based material can be used for the layer 706X3.
- a metal complex with metal-oxygen bonds and aromatic ligands can be used for layer 706X3.
- Light-emitting device 130X has electrode 111X, electrode 115X, unit 703X, and layer 704X.
- Layer 704X comprises the area sandwiched between electrode 111X and unit 703X.
- a conductive material can be used for electrode 111X.
- a film containing a metal, an alloy, or a conductive compound can be used as the electrode 111X in a single layer or a laminated layer.
- a film that efficiently reflects light can be used for the electrode 111X.
- an alloy containing silver, copper, or the like, an alloy containing silver, palladium, or the like, or a metal film such as aluminum can be used for the electrode 111X.
- a metal film that transmits part of the light and reflects the other part of the light can be used for the electrode 111X.
- a microresonator structure microwavecavity
- light with a predetermined wavelength can be extracted more efficiently than other light.
- light with a narrow half width of the spectrum can be extracted. Or you can take out bright colors of light.
- a film that transmits visible light can be used for the electrode 111X.
- a metal film, an alloy film, a conductive oxide film, or the like thin enough to transmit light can be used as the electrode 111X in a single layer or stacked layers.
- a material having a work function of 4.0 eV or more can be suitably used for the electrode 111X.
- a conductive oxide containing indium can be used.
- indium oxide, indium oxide-tin oxide (abbreviation: ITO), indium oxide-tin oxide containing silicon or silicon oxide (abbreviation: ITSO), indium oxide-zinc oxide, tungsten oxide and zinc oxide are included.
- IWZO Indium oxide
- a conductive oxide containing zinc can be used.
- zinc oxide, gallium-added zinc oxide, aluminum-added zinc oxide, or the like can be used.
- gold Au
- platinum Pt
- nickel Ni
- tungsten W
- Cr chromium
- Mo molybdenum
- iron Fe
- Co cobalt
- Cu copper
- palladium Pd
- a nitride of a metal material eg, titanium nitride
- graphene can be used.
- ⁇ Configuration example of layer 704X>> For example, a material with hole injection properties can be used for layer 704X. Layer 704X can also be referred to as a hole injection layer.
- a substance having acceptor properties can be used for the layer 704X.
- a composite material containing multiple substances can be used for layer 704X. This makes it easier to inject holes from the electrode 111X, for example. Alternatively, the driving voltage of the light emitting device can be reduced.
- a substance having an acceptor property that can be used for the layer 706X1 can be used for the layer 704X.
- a composite material containing a substance having an acceptor property and a material having a hole-transport property can be used for the layer 704X.
- the composite material that can be used for layer 706X1 can be used for layer 704X.
- the layer 704X containing the composite material preferably has an electrical resistivity of 1 ⁇ 10 2 [ ⁇ cm] or more and 1 ⁇ 10 8 [ ⁇ cm] or less.
- the light emitting device 130X has an electrode 111X, an electrode 115X, a unit 703X2, and a layer 114X.
- Electrode 115X comprises an area overlapping electrode 111X, and unit 703X2 comprises an area sandwiched between electrode 115X and electrode 111X.
- Layer 114X also comprises a region sandwiched between electrode 115X and unit 703X2.
- a conductive material can be used for electrode 115X.
- a film containing a metal, an alloy, or a conductive compound can be used as the electrode 115X in a single layer or a laminated layer.
- the conductive material can be shared with other light emitting devices.
- a portion of common electrode 115 can be used as electrode 115X.
- a material that can be used for the electrode 111X can be used for the electrode 115X.
- a material whose work function is smaller than that of the electrode 111X can be suitably used for the electrode 115X.
- a material having a work function of 3.8 eV or less is preferable.
- an element belonging to Group 1 of the periodic table, an element belonging to Group 2 of the periodic table, a rare earth metal, and an alloy containing these can be used for the electrode 115X.
- lithium (Li), cesium (Cs), etc., magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), strontium (Sr), etc., europium (Eu), ytterbium (Yb), etc. and alloys containing these (MgAg, AlLi) can be used for electrode 115X.
- an electron-injecting material can be used for the layer 114X.
- the layer 114X can be referred to as an electron injection layer.
- the electron-injecting material can be used in common with other light-emitting devices.
- a portion of common layer 114 can be used for layer 114X.
- an electron-donating substance can be used for the layer 114X.
- a material obtained by combining an electron-donating substance and an electron-transporting material can be used for the layer 114X.
- an electride can be used for layer 114X. This makes it easier to inject electrons from the electrode 115X, for example.
- the material used for the electrode 115X can be selected from a wide range of materials without depending on the work function. Specifically, Al, Ag, ITO, indium oxide-tin oxide containing silicon or silicon oxide, or the like can be used for the electrode 115X.
- the driving voltage of the light emitting device can be reduced.
- Electrode donating substance For example, alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, rare earth metals, or compounds thereof (oxides, halides, carbonates, etc.) can be used as electron-donating substances.
- an organic compound such as tetrathianaphthacene (abbreviation: TTN), nickelocene, decamethylnickelocene, or the like can be used as the electron-donating substance.
- Alkali metal compounds include lithium oxide (Li 2 O), lithium fluoride (LiF), cesium fluoride (CsF), lithium carbonate, cesium carbonate, 8-hydroxyquino Linato-lithium (abbreviation: Liq), etc. can be used.
- Calcium fluoride (CaF 2 ) and the like can be used as alkaline earth metal compounds (including oxides, halides, and carbonates).
- a material in which a plurality of kinds of substances are combined can be used as the material having an electron-injecting property.
- a substance having an electron-donating property and a material having an electron-transporting property can be used as a composite material.
- a metal complex or an organic compound having a ⁇ -electron-deficient heteroaromatic ring skeleton can be used as the electron-transporting material.
- a material having an electron-transport property that can be used for the unit 703X can be used for the composite material.
- a microcrystalline alkali metal fluoride and a material having an electron-transporting property can be used for the composite material.
- a microcrystalline alkaline earth metal fluoride and a material having an electron-transporting property can be used for the composite material.
- a composite material containing 50 wt % or more of an alkali metal fluoride or an alkaline earth metal fluoride can be preferably used.
- a composite material containing an organic compound having a bipyridine skeleton can be preferably used. Thereby, the refractive index of the layer 114X can be lowered. Alternatively, the external quantum efficiency of the light emitting device can be improved.
- a composite material including a first organic compound with a lone pair of electrons and a first metal can be used for layer 114X. Further, it is preferable that the sum of the number of electrons of the first organic compound and the number of electrons of the first metal is an odd number. Further, the molar ratio of the first metal to 1 mol of the first organic compound is preferably 0.1 or more and 10 or less, more preferably 0.2 or more and 2 or less, and still more preferably 0.2 or more and 0.8 or less. be.
- the first organic compound having the lone pair of electrons can interact with the first metal to form a singly occupied molecular orbital (SOMO).
- SOMO singly occupied molecular orbital
- the spin density measured using an electron spin resonance method is preferably 1 ⁇ 10 16 spins/cm 3 or more, more preferably 5 ⁇ 10 16 spins/cm 3 or more, and still more preferably Composite materials with 1 ⁇ 10 17 spins/cm 3 or greater can be used for layer 114X.
- ESR electron spin resonance method
- Organic compound with lone pair of electrons materials with electron-transporting properties can be used in organic compounds with lone pairs of electrons.
- a compound having an electron-deficient heteroaromatic ring can be used.
- a compound having at least one of a pyridine ring, diazine ring (pyrimidine ring, pyrazine ring, pyridazine ring), and triazine ring can be used. Thereby, the driving voltage of the light emitting device can be reduced.
- the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) level of the organic compound having an unshared electron pair is preferably ⁇ 3.6 eV or more and ⁇ 2.3 eV or less.
- the HOMO level and LUMO level of an organic compound can generally be estimated by cyclic voltammetry (CV), photoelectron spectroscopy, light absorption spectroscopy, inverse photoelectron spectroscopy, or the like.
- BPhen 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline
- NBPhen 2,9-di(naphthalen-2-yl)-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline
- HATNA diquinoxalino [2,3-a:2′,3′-c]phenazine
- TmPPPyTz 2,4,6-tris[3′-(pyridin-3-yl)biphenyl-3-yl]-1,3 , 5-triazine
- copper phthalocyanine can be used in organic compounds with lone pairs of electrons. Note that the number of electrons in copper phthalocyanine is an odd number.
- group metals aluminum (Al) and indium (In) are odd numbered groups in the periodic table.
- Elements of Group 11 have a lower melting point than Group 7 or Group 9 elements, and are suitable for vacuum deposition. Ag is particularly preferred because of its low melting point.
- a composite material of the first metal and the first organic compound which are even-numbered groups in the periodic table, may be used for the layer 114X.
- a composite material of the first metal and the first organic compound which are even-numbered groups in the periodic table, may be used for the layer 114X.
- Iron (Fe) a Group 8 metal, is an even group in the periodic table.
- Electrode For example, a material in which electrons are added to a mixed oxide of calcium and aluminum at a high concentration, or the like can be used as an electron-injecting material.
- a display device of one embodiment of the present invention includes a light-emitting device manufactured for each emission color, and is capable of full-color display.
- a structure in which light-emitting layers are separately produced or painted separately for light-emitting devices of each color is sometimes called an SBS (side-by-side) structure.
- SBS side-by-side
- the material and configuration can be optimized for each light-emitting device, so the degree of freedom in selecting the material and configuration increases, and it becomes easy to improve luminance and reliability.
- an island shape indicates a state in which two or more layers using the same material formed in the same step are physically separated.
- an island-shaped light-emitting layer means that the light-emitting layer is physically separated from an adjacent light-emitting layer.
- an island-shaped light-emitting layer can be formed by a vacuum deposition method using a metal mask.
- island-like structures are formed due to various influences such as precision of the metal mask, misalignment between the metal mask and the substrate, bending of the metal mask, and broadening of the contour of the deposited film due to vapor scattering.
- the shape and position of the light-emitting layer in (1) deviate from the design, it is difficult to increase the definition and aperture ratio of the display device.
- the layer profile may be blurred and the edge thickness may be reduced. In other words, the thickness of the island-shaped light-emitting layer may vary depending on the location.
- the manufacturing yield will be low due to low dimensional accuracy of the metal mask and deformation due to heat or the like.
- the light-emitting layer is processed into a fine pattern by a photolithography method without using a shadow mask such as a metal mask. Specifically, after forming a pixel electrode for each sub-pixel, a light-emitting layer is formed over a plurality of pixel electrodes. After that, the light-emitting layer is processed by photolithography to form one island-shaped light-emitting layer for one pixel electrode. Thereby, the light-emitting layer is divided for each sub-pixel, and an island-shaped light-emitting layer can be formed for each sub-pixel.
- the light-emitting layer when processing the light-emitting layer into an island shape, a structure in which the light-emitting layer is processed using a photolithography method right above the light-emitting layer is conceivable. In the case of such a structure, the light-emitting layer may be damaged (damage due to processing, etc.) and the reliability may be significantly impaired.
- a layer located above the light-emitting layer for example, a carrier-transport layer or a carrier-injection layer, more specifically an electron-transport layer or an electron-injection layer
- a mask layer also referred to as a sacrificial layer, a protective layer, or the like
- the light-emitting layer is processed into an island shape.
- a mask film and a mask layer are each positioned above at least a light-emitting layer (more specifically, a layer processed into an island shape among layers constituting an EL layer). , has the function of protecting the light-emitting layer during the manufacturing process.
- the layers (also referred to as functional layers) included in the EL layer include a light-emitting layer, a carrier-injection layer (hole-injection layer and electron-injection layer), a carrier-transport layer (hole-transport layer and electron-transport layer), and A carrier block layer (a hole block layer and an electron block layer) and the like are included.
- a carrier-injection layer hole-injection layer and electron-injection layer
- a carrier-transport layer hole-transport layer and electron-transport layer
- a carrier block layer a hole block layer and an electron block layer
- a layer (sometimes referred to as a common layer) and a common electrode (also referred to as an upper electrode) are formed in common (as one film) for each color.
- a carrier injection layer and a common electrode can be formed in common for each color.
- the carrier injection layer is often a layer with relatively high conductivity among the EL layers. Therefore, the light-emitting device may be short-circuited when the carrier injection layer comes into contact with the side surface of a part of the EL layer formed like an island or the side surface of the pixel electrode. Note that even in the case where the carrier injection layer is provided in an island shape and the common electrode is formed in common for each color, the common electrode is in contact with the side surface of the EL layer or the side surface of the pixel electrode. there is a risk of
- the display device of one embodiment of the present invention includes an insulating layer covering at least side surfaces of the island-shaped light-emitting layer. Further, the insulating layer preferably covers part of the top surface of the island-shaped light-emitting layer.
- the end portion of the insulating layer preferably has a tapered shape with a taper angle of less than 90°.
- discontinuity refers to a phenomenon in which a layer, film, or electrode is divided due to the shape of a formation surface (for example, a step).
- the island-shaped light-emitting layer manufactured by the method for manufacturing a display device of one embodiment of the present invention is not formed using a fine metal mask, but is processed after the light-emitting layer is formed over the entire surface. formed by Therefore, it is possible to realize a high-definition display device or a display device with a high aperture ratio, which has hitherto been difficult to achieve. Furthermore, since the light-emitting layer can be separately formed for each color, a display device with extremely vivid, high-contrast, and high-quality display can be realized. Further, by providing the mask layer over the light-emitting layer, damage to the light-emitting layer during the manufacturing process of the display device can be reduced, and the reliability of the light-emitting device can be improved.
- the spacing between adjacent light emitting devices, the spacing between adjacent EL layers, or the spacing between adjacent pixel electrodes is less than 10 ⁇ m, 5 ⁇ m or less, 3 ⁇ m or less, 2 ⁇ m or less, 1.5 ⁇ m or less, or 1 ⁇ m or less. , or can be narrowed down to 0.5 ⁇ m or less.
- the distance between adjacent light emitting devices, the distance between adjacent EL layers, or the distance between adjacent pixel electrodes can be reduced to, for example, 500 nm or less, 200 nm or less. Below, it can be narrowed down to 100 nm or less, and further to 50 nm or less. As a result, the area of the non-light-emitting region that can exist between the two light-emitting devices can be greatly reduced, and the aperture ratio can be brought close to 100%.
- the aperture ratio is 40% or more, 50% or more, 60% or more, 70% or more, 80% or more, further 90% or more and less than 100%. It can also be realized.
- the reliability of the display device can be improved by increasing the aperture ratio of the display device. More specifically, when the lifetime of a display device using an organic EL device and having an aperture ratio of 10% is used as a reference, the life of the display device has an aperture ratio of 20% (that is, the aperture ratio is twice the reference). The life is about 3.25 times longer, and the life of a display device with an aperture ratio of 40% (that is, the aperture ratio is four times the reference) is about 10.6 times longer. As described above, the current density flowing through the organic EL device can be reduced as the aperture ratio is improved, so that the life of the display device can be extended. Since the aperture ratio of the display device of one embodiment of the present invention can be improved, the display quality of the display device can be improved. Further, as the aperture ratio of the display device is improved, the reliability (especially life) of the display device is significantly improved, which is an excellent effect.
- the pattern of the light emitting layer itself can be made much smaller than when a fine metal mask is used.
- the thickness varies between the center and the edge of the pattern, so the effective area that can be used as the light emitting region is smaller than the area of the entire pattern.
- the manufacturing method described above since a film having a uniform thickness is processed, an island-shaped light-emitting layer can be formed with a uniform thickness. Therefore, almost the entire area of even a fine pattern can be used as a light emitting region. Therefore, a display device having both high definition and high aperture ratio can be manufactured. In addition, it is possible to reduce the size and weight of the display device.
- the definition of the display device of one embodiment of the present invention is, for example, 2000 ppi or more, preferably 3000 ppi or more, more preferably 5000 ppi or more, and still more preferably 6000 ppi or more, and 20000 ppi or less, or 30000 ppi or less. can do.
- FIG. 3A shows a top view of the display device 100.
- the display device 100 has a display section in which a plurality of pixels 110 are arranged, and a connection section 140 outside the display section. A plurality of sub-pixels are arranged in a matrix in the display section.
- FIG. 3A shows sub-pixels of 2 rows and 6 columns, which form 2 rows and 2 columns of pixels.
- the connection portion 140 can also be called a cathode contact portion.
- the top surface shape of the sub-pixel shown in FIG. 3A corresponds to the top surface shape of the light emitting region.
- the top surface shape means a shape in plan view, that is, a shape seen from above.
- top surface shapes of sub-pixels include triangles, quadrilaterals (including rectangles and squares), polygons such as pentagons, polygons with rounded corners, ellipses, and circles.
- the circuit layout forming the sub-pixels is not limited to the range of the sub-pixels shown in FIG. 3A, and may be arranged outside the sub-pixels.
- the transistors included in sub-pixel 110a may be located within sub-pixel 110b shown in FIG. 3A, or some or all may be located outside sub-pixel 110a.
- FIG. 3A shows that the sub-pixels 110a, 110b, and 110c have the same or approximately the same aperture ratio (size, which can also be called the size of the light-emitting region), one embodiment of the present invention is not limited to this.
- the aperture ratios of the sub-pixels 110a, 110b, and 110c can be determined as appropriate.
- the sub-pixels 110a, 110b, and 110c may have different aperture ratios, and two or more of them may have the same or substantially the same aperture ratio.
- the pixel 110 shown in FIG. 3A is composed of three sub-pixels, sub-pixels 110a, 110b and 110c.
- the sub-pixels 110a, 110b, 110c each have light emitting devices that emit different colors of light.
- the sub-pixels 110a, 110b, and 110c include sub-pixels of three colors of red (R), green (G), and blue (B), and three colors of yellow (Y), cyan (C), and magenta (M). sub-pixels and the like.
- the number of types of sub-pixels is not limited to three, and may be four or more.
- the four sub-pixels are R, G, B, and white (W) sub-pixels, R, G, B, and Y sub-pixels, and R, G, B, infrared light ( IR), four sub-pixels, and so on.
- the row direction is sometimes called the X direction
- the column direction is sometimes called the Y direction.
- the X and Y directions intersect, for example perpendicularly (see FIG. 3A).
- FIG. 3A shows an example in which sub-pixels of different colors are arranged side by side in the X direction and sub-pixels of the same color are arranged side by side in the Y direction.
- FIG. 3A shows an example in which the connecting portion 140 is positioned below the display portion when viewed from above
- the connecting portion 140 may be provided at least one of the upper side, the right side, the left side, and the lower side of the display portion when viewed from above, and may be provided so as to surround the four sides of the display portion.
- the shape of the upper surface of the connecting portion 140 may be strip-shaped, L-shaped, U-shaped, frame-shaped, or the like.
- the number of connection parts 140 may be singular or plural.
- FIG. 3B shows a cross-sectional view along the dashed-dotted line X1-X2 in FIG. 3A.
- 4A and 4B show enlarged views of a portion of the cross-sectional view shown in FIG. 3B.
- 5 to 8 show modifications of FIG. 9A and 9B show cross-sectional views along the dashed-dotted line Y1-Y2 in FIG. 3A.
- an insulating layer is provided on a layer 101 including a transistor, light emitting devices 130a, 130b, and 130c are provided on the insulating layer, and the light emitting devices are covered.
- a protective layer 131 is provided.
- a substrate 120 is bonded onto the protective layer 131 with a resin layer 122 .
- An insulating layer 125 and an insulating layer 127 on the insulating layer 125 are provided in a region between adjacent light emitting devices.
- FIG. 3B shows a plurality of cross sections of the insulating layers 125 and 127, but when the display device 100 is viewed from above, the insulating layers 125 and 127 are each connected to one.
- the display device 100 can be configured to have one insulating layer 125 and one insulating layer 127, for example.
- the display device 100 may have a plurality of insulating layers 125 separated from each other, and may have a plurality of insulating layers 127 separated from each other.
- a display device of one embodiment of the present invention is a top emission type in which light is emitted in a direction opposite to a substrate over which a light-emitting device is formed, and light is emitted toward a substrate over which a light-emitting device is formed.
- a bottom emission type bottom emission type
- a double emission type dual emission type in which light is emitted from both sides may be used.
- a stacked-layer structure in which a plurality of transistors are provided over a substrate and an insulating layer is provided to cover the transistors can be applied.
- An insulating layer over a transistor may have a single-layer structure or a stacked-layer structure.
- FIG. 3B shows an insulating layer 255a, an insulating layer 255b over the insulating layer 255a, and an insulating layer 255c over the insulating layer 255b among the insulating layers over the transistor.
- These insulating layers may have recesses between adjacent light emitting devices.
- FIG. 3B and the like show examples in which recesses are provided in the insulating layer 255c. Note that the insulating layers (the insulating layers 255a to 255c) over the transistors can also be regarded as part of the layer 101 including the transistors.
- various inorganic insulating films such as an oxide insulating film, a nitride insulating film, an oxynitride insulating film, and a nitride oxide insulating film can be preferably used.
- an oxide insulating film or an oxynitride insulating film such as a silicon oxide film, a silicon oxynitride film, or an aluminum oxide film is preferably used.
- a nitride insulating film or a nitride oxide insulating film such as a silicon nitride film or a silicon nitride oxide film is preferably used. More specifically, a silicon oxide film is preferably used for the insulating layers 255a and 255c, and a silicon nitride film is preferably used for the insulating layer 255b.
- the insulating layer 255b preferably functions as an etching protection film.
- oxynitride refers to a material whose composition contains more oxygen than nitrogen
- nitride oxide refers to a material whose composition contains more nitrogen than oxygen. point to the material.
- silicon oxynitride refers to a material whose composition contains more oxygen than nitrogen
- silicon nitride oxide refers to a material whose composition contains more nitrogen than oxygen. indicates
- FIG. 1 A structural example of the layer 101 including a transistor will be described later in Embodiment 5.
- FIG. 1 A structural example of the layer 101 including a transistor will be described later in Embodiment 5.
- Light emitting devices 130a, 130b, 130c each emit different colors of light.
- Light-emitting devices 130a, 130b, and 130c are preferably a combination that emits three colors of light, red (R), green (G), and blue (B), for example.
- an OLED Organic Light Emitting Diode
- a QLED Quadantum-dot Light Emitting Diode
- Examples of light-emitting substances included in the light-emitting device include substances that emit fluorescence (fluorescent materials), substances that emit phosphorescence (phosphorescent materials), inorganic compounds (quantum dot materials, etc.), and substances that exhibit thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF materials).
- LEDs such as micro LED (Light Emitting Diode), can also be used as a light emitting device.
- the emission color of the light emitting device can be infrared, red, green, blue, cyan, magenta, yellow, white, or the like.
- color purity can be enhanced by providing a light-emitting device with a microcavity structure.
- Embodiment Mode 6 can be referred to for the structure and material of the light-emitting device.
- one electrode functions as an anode and the other electrode functions as a cathode.
- the case where the pixel electrode functions as an anode and the common electrode functions as a cathode may be taken as an example.
- the light-emitting device 130a includes the pixel electrode 111a on the insulating layer 255c, the island-shaped first layer 113a on the pixel electrode 111a, the common layer 114 on the island-shaped first layer 113a, and the common layer 114 on the common layer 114. and a common electrode 115 .
- first layer 113a and common layer 114 can be collectively referred to as EL layers.
- the light-emitting device 130b includes the pixel electrode 111b on the insulating layer 255c, the island-shaped second layer 113b on the pixel electrode 111b, the common layer 114 on the island-shaped second layer 113b, and the common layer 114 on the common layer 114. and a common electrode 115 .
- second layer 113b and common layer 114 can be collectively referred to as an EL layer.
- the light-emitting device 130c includes the pixel electrode 111c on the insulating layer 255c, the island-shaped third layer 113c on the pixel electrode 111c, the common layer 114 on the island-shaped third layer 113c, and the common layer 114 on the common layer 114. and a common electrode 115 .
- the third layer 113c and the common layer 114 can be collectively called an EL layer.
- a layer provided in an island shape for each light-emitting device is referred to as a first layer 113a, a second layer 113b, or a third layer 113c.
- a layer shared by the light emitting devices is shown as a common layer 114 .
- the first layer 113a, the second layer 113b, and the third layer 113c, excluding the common layer 114 are referred to as an island-shaped EL layer and an island-shaped EL layer. They are sometimes called layers.
- the first layer 113a, the second layer 113b and the third layer 113c are separated from each other.
- an island-shaped EL layer for each light-emitting device, leakage current between adjacent light-emitting devices can be suppressed. Thereby, crosstalk due to unintended light emission can be prevented, and a display device with extremely high contrast can be realized. In particular, a display device with high current efficiency at low luminance can be realized.
- Each end of the pixel electrode 111a, the pixel electrode 111b, and the pixel electrode 111c preferably has a tapered shape. Specifically, it is preferable that each end of the pixel electrode 111a, the pixel electrode 111b, and the pixel electrode 111c has a taper shape with a taper angle of less than 90°.
- the first layer 113a, the second layer 113b, and the third layer 113c provided along the side surfaces of the pixel electrodes also have tapered shapes.
- the side surface of the pixel electrode is tapered because foreign matter (eg, dust or particles) in the manufacturing process can be easily removed by a treatment such as cleaning.
- no insulating layer is provided between the pixel electrode 111a and the first layer 113a to cover the edge of the upper surface of the pixel electrode 111a. Further, no insulating layer is provided between the pixel electrode 111b and the second layer 113b to cover the edge of the upper surface of the pixel electrode 111b. Therefore, the interval between adjacent light emitting devices can be made very narrow. Therefore, a high-definition or high-resolution display device can be obtained. Moreover, a mask for forming the insulating layer is not required, and the manufacturing cost of the display device can be reduced.
- the viewing angle dependency of the display device of one embodiment of the present invention can be extremely reduced. By reducing the viewing angle dependency, it is possible to improve the visibility of the image on the display device.
- the viewing angle (the maximum angle at which a constant contrast ratio is maintained when the screen is viewed obliquely) is 100° or more and less than 180°, preferably 150°. It can be in the range of 170° or more. It should be noted that the viewing angle described above can be applied to each of the vertical and horizontal directions.
- a single structure (structure having only one light emitting unit) or a tandem structure (structure having a plurality of light emitting units) may be applied to the light emitting device of this embodiment.
- the light-emitting unit has at least one light-emitting layer.
- the first layer 113a, the second layer 113b, and the third layer 113c have at least a light-emitting layer.
- the first layer 113a has a light-emitting layer that emits red light
- the second layer 113b has a light-emitting layer that emits green light
- the third layer 113c has a light-emitting layer that emits blue light.
- a structure having layers is preferable.
- the first layer 113a has a structure having a plurality of light-emitting units each having a light-emitting unit that emits red light
- the second layer 113b has a light-emitting unit that emits green light
- the third layer 113c preferably has a structure including a plurality of light-emitting units that emit blue light.
- a charge generating layer is preferably provided between each light emitting unit.
- the first layer 113a, the second layer 113b, and the third layer 113c are respectively a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, a hole blocking layer, a charge generation layer, an electron blocking layer, and an electron transport layer. , and an electron injection layer.
- the first layer 113a, the second layer 113b, and the third layer 113c may have a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, a light emitting layer, and an electron transport layer in that order. . Moreover, you may have an electron block layer between a hole transport layer and a light emitting layer. Moreover, you may have an electron injection layer on the electron transport layer.
- the first layer 113a, the second layer 113b, and the third layer 113c may have an electron injection layer, an electron transport layer, a light emitting layer, and a hole transport layer in this order. good. Further, a hole blocking layer may be provided between the electron transport layer and the light emitting layer. Also, a hole injection layer may be provided on the hole transport layer.
- the first layer 113a, the second layer 113b, and the third layer 113c preferably have a light-emitting layer and a carrier-transport layer (electron-transport layer or hole-transport layer) over the light-emitting layer.
- the surfaces of the first layer 113a, the second layer 113b, and the third layer 113c are exposed during the manufacturing process of the display device. exposure to light can be suppressed, and damage to the light-emitting layer can be reduced. This can improve the reliability of the light emitting device.
- first layer 113a for example, a first light-emitting unit, a charge generation layer, and a second light-emitting unit are stacked in this order over the pixel electrode.
- the second light-emitting unit preferably has a light-emitting layer and a carrier-transporting layer (electron-transporting layer or hole-transporting layer) on the light-emitting layer. Since the surface of the second light-emitting unit is exposed during the manufacturing process of the display device, by providing the carrier transport layer on the light-emitting layer, the exposure of the light-emitting layer to the outermost surface is suppressed and damage to the light-emitting layer is prevented. can be reduced. This can improve the reliability of the light emitting device.
- a carrier-transporting layer electron-transporting layer or hole-transporting layer
- the light-emitting unit provided in the uppermost layer preferably has a light-emitting layer and a carrier-transporting layer (electron-transporting layer or hole-transporting layer) on the light-emitting layer.
- the common layer 114 has, for example, an electron injection layer or a hole injection layer.
- the common layer 114 may have a laminate of an electron transport layer and an electron injection layer, or may have a laminate of a hole transport layer and a hole injection layer.
- Common layer 114 is shared by light emitting devices 130a, 130b, 130c.
- FIG. 3B shows an example in which the edge of the first layer 113a is located outside the edge of the pixel electrode 111a.
- the pixel electrode 111a and the first layer 113a are described as an example, the same applies to the pixel electrode 111b and the second layer 113b, and the pixel electrode 111c and the third layer 113c.
- the first layer 113a is formed to cover the edge of the pixel electrode 111a.
- the entire upper surface of the pixel electrode can be used as a light-emitting region, and the edge of the island-shaped EL layer is located inside the edge of the pixel electrode. It becomes easy to increase the rate.
- the side surface of the pixel electrode with the EL layer, contact between the pixel electrode and the common electrode 115 can be suppressed, so short-circuiting of the light-emitting device can be suppressed. Also, the distance between the light emitting region of the EL layer (that is, the region overlapping with the pixel electrode) and the edge of the EL layer can be increased. Since the edges of the EL layer may be damaged by processing, the reliability of the light-emitting device may be improved by using a region away from the edges of the EL layer as the light-emitting region.
- the common electrode 115 is shared by the light emitting devices 130a, 130b, and 130c.
- a common electrode 115 shared by a plurality of light-emitting devices is electrically connected to the conductive layer 123 provided in the connecting portion 140 (see FIGS. 9A and 9B).
- the conductive layer 123 is preferably formed using the same material and in the same process as the pixel electrodes 111a, 111b, and 111c.
- FIG. 9A shows an example in which a common layer 114 is provided over the conductive layer 123 and the conductive layer 123 and the common electrode 115 are electrically connected through the common layer 114 .
- the common layer 114 may not be provided in the connecting portion 140 .
- conductive layer 123 and common electrode 115 are directly connected.
- a mask also referred to as an area mask or a rough metal mask to distinguish from a fine metal mask
- the common layer 114 and the common electrode 115 are formed into a region where a film is formed. can be changed.
- a mask layer 118a is positioned on the first layer 113a of the light emitting device 130a, and a mask layer 118b is positioned on the second layer 113b of the light emitting device 130b.
- a mask layer 118c is located on the third layer 113c of 130c.
- the mask layer 118a is part of the remaining mask layer provided in contact with the upper surface of the first layer 113a when the first layer 113a is processed.
- the mask layers 118b and 118c are part of the mask layers that were provided when the second layer 113b and the third layer 113c were formed, respectively.
- part of the mask layer used to protect the EL layer may remain during manufacturing.
- the same material may be used for any two or all of the mask layers 118a to 118c, or different materials may be used.
- the mask layer 118a, the mask layer 118b, and the mask layer 118c may be collectively called the mask layer 118 below.
- one edge of mask layer 118a is aligned or nearly aligned with an edge of first layer 113a, and the other edge of mask layer 118a is on top of first layer 113a.
- the other end of the mask layer 118a preferably overlaps with the first layer 113a and the pixel electrode 111a.
- the other end of the mask layer 118a is likely to be formed on the flat or substantially flat surface of the first layer 113a.
- the mask layer 118 remains, for example, between the upper surface of the island-shaped EL layer (the first layer 113a, the second layer 113b, or the third layer 113c) and the insulating layer 125. .
- the mask layer will be described in detail in the third embodiment.
- the ends are aligned or substantially aligned, and when the top surface shapes are matched or substantially matched, at least part of the outline overlaps between the stacked layers when viewed from the top.
- the upper layer and the lower layer may be processed with the same mask pattern, or partially with the same mask pattern.
- the outlines do not overlap, and the top layer may be located inside the bottom layer, or the top layer may be located outside the bottom layer, and in this case also the edges are roughly aligned, or the shape of the top surface are said to roughly match.
- Each side surface of the first layer 113a, the second layer 113b, and the third layer 113c is covered with an insulating layer 125. As shown in FIG. The insulating layer 127 overlaps side surfaces of the first layer 113a, the second layer 113b, and the third layer 113c with the insulating layer 125 interposed therebetween.
- a mask layer 118 covers part of the upper surface of each of the first layer 113a, the second layer 113b, and the third layer 113c.
- the insulating layer 125 and the insulating layer 127 partially overlap with the upper surfaces of the first layer 113a, the second layer 113b, and the third layer 113c with the mask layer 118 interposed therebetween.
- the top surface of each of the first layer 113a, the second layer 113b, and the third layer 113c is not limited to the top surface of the flat portion overlapping with the top surface of the pixel electrode. It may include top surfaces of ramps and flats (see region 103 in FIG. 8A).
- the common layer 114 (or the common electrode 115) is prevented from being in contact with the side surfaces of the pixel electrodes 111a, 111b, 111c, the first layer 113a, the second layer 113b, and the third layer 113c, thereby improving the light emitting device. Short circuits can be suppressed. This can improve the reliability of the light emitting device.
- the film thicknesses of the first layer 113a to the third layer 113c are all shown as the same thickness, but the present invention is not limited to this.
- Each thickness of the first layer 113a to the third layer 113c may be different.
- the insulating layer 125 is preferably in contact with the side surfaces of the first layer 113a, the second layer 113b, and the third layer 113c (the edges of the first layer 113a and the second layer 113b shown in FIG. 4A). (See the part enclosed by the dashed line in the part and its vicinity). With the structure in which the insulating layer 125 is in contact with the first layer 113a, the second layer 113b, and the third layer 113c, the films of the first layer 113a, the second layer 113b, and the third layer 113c are formed. Peeling can be prevented.
- the insulating layer and the first layer 113a, the second layer 113b, or the third layer 113c are in close contact with each other, so that the adjacent first layers 113a and the like are fixed or adhered by the insulating layer. Effective. This can improve the reliability of the light emitting device. Moreover, the production yield of the light-emitting device can be increased.
- the insulating layer 125 and the insulating layer 127 cover both a part of the upper surface and the side surface of the first layer 113a, the second layer 113b, and the third layer 113c. Film peeling of the EL layer can be further prevented, and the reliability of the light-emitting device can be improved. Moreover, the manufacturing yield of the light-emitting device can be further increased.
- FIG. 3B shows an example in which a laminated structure of a first layer 113a, a mask layer 118a, an insulating layer 125, and an insulating layer 127 is positioned on the edge of the pixel electrode 111a.
- a laminated structure of a second layer 113b, a mask layer 118b, an insulating layer 125, and an insulating layer 127 is positioned over the end of the pixel electrode 111b, and a third layer is formed over the end of the pixel electrode 111c.
- a laminate structure of layer 113c, mask layer 118c, insulating layer 125, and insulating layer 127 is located.
- FIG. 3B shows a configuration in which the end of the pixel electrode 111a is covered with the first layer 113a, and the insulating layer 125 is in contact with the side surface of the first layer 113a.
- the edge of the pixel electrode 111b is covered with the second layer 113b
- the edge of the pixel electrode 111c is covered with the third layer 113c
- the insulating layer 125 is formed on the side surface of the second layer 113b. and the side surface of the third layer 113c.
- the insulating layer 127 is provided on the insulating layer 125 so as to fill the recess formed in the insulating layer 125 .
- the insulating layer 127 can overlap with part of the top surface and side surfaces of the first layer 113a, the second layer 113b, and the third layer 113c with the insulating layer 125 interposed therebetween.
- the insulating layer 127 preferably covers at least part of the side surface of the insulating layer 125 .
- insulating layer 125 and the insulating layer 127 By providing the insulating layer 125 and the insulating layer 127, a space between adjacent island-shaped layers can be filled; It is possible to reduce unevenness with a large height difference on the formation surface and make it more flat. Therefore, coverage of the carrier injection layer, the common electrode, and the like can be improved.
- the common layer 114 and the common electrode 115 are provided on the first layer 113a, the second layer 113b, the third layer 113c, the mask layer 118, the insulating layer 125, and the insulating layer 127.
- FIG. Before the insulating layer 125 and the insulating layer 127 are provided, a region where the pixel electrode and the island-shaped EL layer are provided, a region where the pixel electrode and the island-shaped EL layer are not provided (region between the light emitting devices), There is a step due to Since the display device of one embodiment of the present invention includes the insulating layer 125 and the insulating layer 127 , the steps can be planarized, and coverage with the common layer 114 and the common electrode 115 can be improved. Therefore, it is possible to suppress poor connection due to disconnection. In addition, it is possible to prevent the common electrode 115 from being locally thinned due to the steps and increasing the electrical resistance.
- the top surface of the insulating layer 127 preferably has a highly flat shape, but may have a convex portion, a convex curved surface, a concave curved surface, or a concave portion.
- the upper surface of the insulating layer 127 preferably has a highly flat and smooth convex shape.
- Insulating layer 125 can be an insulating layer comprising an inorganic material.
- an inorganic insulating film such as an oxide insulating film, a nitride insulating film, an oxynitride insulating film, or a nitride oxide insulating film can be used, for example.
- the insulating layer 125 may have a single-layer structure or a laminated structure.
- the oxide insulating film includes a silicon oxide film, an aluminum oxide film, a magnesium oxide film, an indium gallium zinc oxide film, a gallium oxide film, a germanium oxide film, an yttrium oxide film, a zirconium oxide film, a lanthanum oxide film, a neodymium oxide film, and an oxide film.
- a hafnium film, a tantalum oxide film, and the like are included.
- the nitride insulating film include a silicon nitride film and an aluminum nitride film.
- Examples of the oxynitride insulating film include a silicon oxynitride film, an aluminum oxynitride film, and the like.
- the nitride oxide insulating film examples include a silicon nitride oxide film, an aluminum nitride oxide film, and the like.
- aluminum oxide is preferable because it has a high etching selectivity with respect to the EL layer and has a function of protecting the EL layer during formation of the insulating layer 127 described later.
- an inorganic insulating film such as an aluminum oxide film, a hafnium oxide film, or a silicon oxide film formed by an atomic layer deposition (ALD) method to the insulating layer 125, there are few pinholes and the EL layer can be used.
- An insulating layer 125 having an excellent protective function can be formed.
- the insulating layer 125 may have a layered structure of a film formed by an ALD method and a film formed by a sputtering method.
- the insulating layer 125 may have a laminated structure of, for example, an aluminum oxide film formed by ALD and a silicon nitride film formed by sputtering.
- the insulating layer 125 preferably functions as a barrier insulating layer against at least one of water and oxygen. Further, the insulating layer 125 preferably has a function of suppressing diffusion of at least one of water and oxygen. Further, the insulating layer 125 preferably has a function of capturing or fixing at least one of water and oxygen (also referred to as gettering).
- a barrier insulating layer means an insulating layer having a barrier property.
- the barrier property is defined as a function of suppressing diffusion of a corresponding substance (also referred to as low permeability).
- the corresponding substance has a function of capturing or fixing (gettering).
- the insulating layer 125 has a function as a barrier insulating layer or a gettering function to suppress entry of impurities (typically, at least one of water and oxygen) that can diffuse into each light-emitting device from the outside. is possible. With such a structure, a highly reliable light-emitting device and a highly reliable display device can be provided.
- impurities typically, at least one of water and oxygen
- the insulating layer 125 preferably has a low impurity concentration. Accordingly, it is possible to suppress deterioration of the EL layer due to entry of impurities from the insulating layer 125 into the EL layer. In addition, by reducing the impurity concentration in the insulating layer 125, the barrier property against at least one of water and oxygen can be improved.
- the insulating layer 125 preferably has a sufficiently low hydrogen concentration or carbon concentration, or preferably both.
- any one of the mask layers 118a, 118b, and 118c and the insulating layer 125 may be recognized as one layer. That is, one layer is provided in contact with part of the top surface and the side surface of each of the first layer 113a, the second layer 113b, and the third layer 113c, and the insulating layer 127 is provided in contact with the one layer. It may be observed to cover at least part of the sides.
- the insulating layer 127 provided on the insulating layer 125 has a function of planarizing unevenness with a large height difference of the insulating layer 125 formed between adjacent light emitting devices. In other words, the presence of the insulating layer 127 has the effect of improving the flatness of the surface on which the common electrode 115 is formed.
- an insulating layer containing an organic material can be preferably used.
- the organic material it is preferable to use a photosensitive organic resin, for example, it is preferable to use a photosensitive acrylic resin.
- acrylic resin does not only refer to polymethacrylate esters or methacrylic resins, but may refer to all acrylic polymers in a broad sense.
- an acrylic resin, a polyimide resin, an epoxy resin, an imide resin, a polyamide resin, a polyimideamide resin, a silicone resin, a siloxane resin, a benzocyclobutene-based resin, a phenolic resin, precursors of these resins, or the like is used.
- an organic material such as polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyvinyl butyral, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyethylene glycol, polyglycerin, pullulan, water-soluble cellulose, or alcohol-soluble polyamide resin may be used as the insulating layer 127 .
- a photoresist may be used as the photosensitive resin.
- the photosensitive organic resin either a positive material or a negative material may be used.
- a material that absorbs visible light may be used for the insulating layer 127 . Since the insulating layer 127 absorbs light emitted from the light emitting device, leakage of light (stray light) from the light emitting device to an adjacent light emitting device via the insulating layer 127 can be suppressed. Thereby, the display quality of the display device can be improved. In addition, since the display quality can be improved without using a polarizing plate for the display device, the weight and thickness of the display device can be reduced.
- Materials that absorb visible light include materials containing pigments such as black, materials containing dyes, light-absorbing resin materials (e.g., polyimide), and resin materials that can be used for color filters (color filter materials ).
- resin materials that can be used for color filters color filter materials
- by mixing color filter materials of three or more colors it is possible to obtain a black or nearly black resin layer.
- the material used for the insulating layer 127 preferably has a low volumetric shrinkage rate. This facilitates formation of the insulating layer 127 in a desired shape. Insulating layer 127 preferably has a low volumetric shrinkage after curing. This makes it easier to maintain the shape of the insulating layer 127 in various processes after forming the insulating layer 127 .
- the volume shrinkage rate of the insulating layer 127 after heat curing, after photo-curing, or after photo-curing and heat-curing is preferably 10% or less, more preferably 5% or less, and 1% or less. More preferred.
- the volume shrinkage rate one of the volume shrinkage rate due to light irradiation and the volume shrinkage rate due to heating, or the sum of both can be used.
- FIG. 4A is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a region including insulating layer 127 and its periphery between light emitting device 130a and light emitting device 130b.
- the insulating layer 127 between the light emitting device 130a and the light emitting device 130b will be described below as an example. The same can be said for the insulating layer 127 and the like.
- FIG. 4B is an enlarged view of the end portion of the insulating layer 127 on the second layer 113b and its vicinity shown in FIG. 4A.
- an end portion of the insulating layer 127 on the second layer 113b may be taken as an example. The same can be said for the edge of the insulating layer 127 and the like.
- a first layer 113a is provided over the pixel electrode 111a, and a second layer 113b is provided over the pixel electrode 111b.
- a mask layer 118a is provided in contact with part of the upper surface of the first layer 113a, and a mask layer 118b is provided in contact with part of the upper surface of the second layer 113b.
- An insulating layer 125 is provided in contact with the top and side surfaces of the mask layer 118a, the side surfaces of the first layer 113a, the top surface of the insulating layer 255c, the top and side surfaces of the mask layer 118b, and the side surfaces of the second layer 113b.
- the insulating layer 125 also covers part of the top surface of the first layer 113a and part of the top surface of the second layer 113b.
- An insulating layer 127 is provided in contact with the upper surface of the insulating layer 125 .
- the insulating layer 127 overlaps with part of the top surface and side surfaces of the first layer 113a and part of the top surface and side surfaces of the second layer 113b with the insulating layer 125 interposed therebetween. at least partly touch.
- a common layer 114 is provided over the first layer 113a, the mask layer 118a, the second layer 113b, the mask layer 118b, the insulating layer 125, and the insulating layer 127, and the common electrode 115 is provided on the common layer 114. .
- the insulating layer 127 preferably has a taper shape with a taper angle ⁇ 1 at the end portion in a cross-sectional view of the display device.
- the taper angle ⁇ 1 is the angle between the side surface of the insulating layer 127 and the substrate surface.
- the corner formed by the side surface of the insulating layer 127 and the upper surface of the flat portion of the second layer 113b or the upper surface of the flat portion of the pixel electrode 111b may be used instead of the substrate surface.
- the taper angle ⁇ 1 of the insulating layer 127 is less than 90°, preferably 60° or less, more preferably 45° or less, and even more preferably 20° or less.
- the upper surface of the insulating layer 127 preferably has a convex shape.
- the convex curved surface shape of the upper surface of the insulating layer 127 is preferably a shape that gently swells toward the center. Further, it is preferable that the convex curved portion at the center of the upper surface of the insulating layer 127 has a shape that is continuously connected to the tapered portion at the end.
- the edge of insulating layer 127 is preferably located outside the edge of insulating layer 125 . Thereby, unevenness of the surface on which the common layer 114 and the common electrode 115 are formed can be reduced, and coverage of the common layer 114 and the common electrode 115 can be improved.
- the insulating layer 125 preferably has a taper shape with a taper angle ⁇ 2 at the end portion in a cross-sectional view of the display device.
- the taper angle ⁇ 2 is the angle between the side surface of the insulating layer 125 and the substrate surface.
- the corner is not limited to the substrate surface, and may be the angle formed by the upper surface of the flat portion of the second layer 113b or the upper surface of the flat portion of the pixel electrode 111b and the side surface of the insulating layer 125 .
- the taper angle ⁇ 2 of the insulating layer 125 is less than 90°, preferably 60° or less, more preferably 45° or less, and even more preferably 20° or less.
- the mask layer 118b preferably has a taper shape with a taper angle ⁇ 3 at the end portion in a cross-sectional view of the display device.
- the taper angle ⁇ 3 is the angle between the side surface of the mask layer 118b and the substrate surface.
- the corner formed by the side surface of the insulating layer 127 and the upper surface of the flat portion of the second layer 113b or the upper surface of the flat portion of the pixel electrode 111b may be used instead of the substrate surface.
- the taper angle ⁇ 3 of the mask layer 118b is less than 90°, preferably 60° or less, more preferably 45° or less, and even more preferably 20° or less.
- the end of the mask layer 118 a and the end of the mask layer 118 b be located outside the end of the insulating layer 125 . Thereby, unevenness of the surface on which the common layer 114 and the common electrode 115 are formed can be reduced, and coverage of the common layer 114 and the common electrode 115 can be improved.
- the insulating layer 125 and the mask layer 118 are etched at the same time, the insulating layer 125 and the mask layer under the edge of the insulating layer 127 disappear due to side etching, and a cavity is formed. (which can be said to be a hole) may be formed. Due to the cavities, the surfaces on which the common layer 114 and the common electrode 115 are formed become uneven, and the common layer 114 and the common electrode 115 are likely to be disconnected. Therefore, by performing the etching treatment in two steps and performing heat treatment between the two etching treatments, even if a cavity is formed in the first etching treatment, the insulating layer 127 is deformed by the heat treatment. The cavity can be filled.
- the taper angle ⁇ 2 and the taper angle ⁇ 3 may be different angles. Also, the taper angle ⁇ 2 and the taper angle ⁇ 3 may be the same angle. Also, the taper angles .theta.2 and .theta.3 may each be smaller than the taper angle .theta.1.
- the insulating layer 127 may cover at least part of the sides of the mask layer 118a and at least part of the sides of the mask layer 118b.
- insulating layer 127 abuts and covers the sloping surface located at the edge of mask layer 118b formed by the first etching process, and covers the edge of mask layer 118b formed by the second etching process.
- An example in which the inclined surface located at the part is exposed is shown.
- the two inclined surfaces can sometimes be distinguished from each other by their different taper angles. Moreover, there is almost no difference in the taper angles of the side surfaces formed by the two etching processes, and it may not be possible to distinguish between them.
- FIG. 5A and 5B show an example in which the insulating layer 127 covers the entire side surface of the mask layer 118a and the entire side surface of the mask layer 118b. Specifically, in FIG. 5B, the insulating layer 127 contacts and covers both of the two inclined surfaces. This is preferable because unevenness of the surface on which the common layer 114 and the common electrode 115 are formed can be further reduced.
- FIG. 5B shows an example in which the edge of the insulating layer 127 is located outside the edge of the mask layer 118b. The edge of the insulating layer 127 may be located inside the edge of the mask layer 118b, as shown in FIG. 4B, and may be aligned or substantially aligned with the edge of the mask layer 118b. Also, as shown in FIG. 5B, the insulating layer 127 may contact the second layer 113b.
- the ends are aligned or substantially aligned, and when the top surface shapes are matched or substantially matched, at least part of the outline overlaps between the stacked layers when viewed from the top.
- the upper layer and the lower layer may be processed with the same mask pattern, or partially with the same mask pattern.
- the outlines do not overlap, and the top layer may be located inside the bottom layer, or the top layer may be located outside the bottom layer, and in this case also the edges are roughly aligned, or the shape of the top surface are said to roughly match.
- 6A, 6B, 7A, and 7B show an example in which the insulating layer 127 has a concave surface shape (also referred to as a constricted portion, recess, dent, depression, etc.) on the side surface.
- the side surface of the insulating layer 127 may have a concave curved shape.
- 6A and 6B show an example in which insulating layer 127 covers a portion of the side surfaces of mask layer 118b, leaving the remaining portion of the side surfaces of mask layer 118b exposed.
- 7A and 7B show an example in which the insulating layer 127 is in contact with and covers the entire side surface of the mask layer 118a and the entire side surface of the mask layer 118b.
- the taper angles .theta.1 to .theta.3 are preferably within the above ranges, respectively.
- one end of the insulating layer 127 overlaps with the upper surface of the pixel electrode 111a and the other end of the insulating layer 127 overlaps with the upper surface of the pixel electrode 111b.
- the end portion of the insulating layer 127 can be formed over flat or substantially flat regions of the first layer 113a and the second layer 113b. Therefore, it becomes relatively easy to form the tapered shapes of the insulating layer 127, the insulating layer 125, and the mask layer 118, respectively.
- peeling of the pixel electrodes 111a and 111b, the first layer 113a, and the second layer 113b can be suppressed.
- the smaller the portion where the upper surface of the pixel electrode and the insulating layer 127 overlap the wider the light emitting region of the light emitting device and the higher the aperture ratio, which is preferable.
- the insulating layer 127 does not have to overlap with the top surface of the pixel electrode. As shown in FIG. 8A, the insulating layer 127 does not overlap the top surface of the pixel electrode, one end of the insulating layer 127 overlaps the side surface of the pixel electrode 111a, and the other end of the insulating layer 127 overlaps the pixel electrode 111b. may overlap the sides of the Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 8B, the insulating layer 127 may be provided in a region sandwiched between the pixel electrodes 111a and 111b without overlapping the pixel electrodes.
- the insulating layer 127, the insulating layer 125, the mask layer 118a, and the mask layer 118b are provided to change the substantially planar region of the first layer 113a to the second layer.
- the common layer 114 and the common electrode 115 can be formed with high coverage up to the substantially flat region of the layer 113b.
- the protective layer 131 may have a single layer structure or a laminated structure of two or more layers.
- the conductivity of the protective layer 131 does not matter. At least one of an insulating film, a semiconductor film, and a conductive film can be used as the protective layer 131 .
- the protective layer 131 By including an inorganic film in the protective layer 131, deterioration of the light-emitting device is suppressed, such as prevention of oxidation of the common electrode 115 and entry of impurities (moisture, oxygen, etc.) into the light-emitting device. Reliability can be improved.
- an inorganic insulating film such as an oxide insulating film, a nitride insulating film, an oxynitride insulating film, or a nitride oxide insulating film can be used. Specific examples of these inorganic insulating films are as described for the insulating layer 125 .
- the protective layer 131 preferably includes a nitride insulating film or a nitride oxide insulating film, and more preferably includes a nitride insulating film.
- the protective layer 131 includes In—Sn oxide (also referred to as ITO), In—Zn oxide, Ga—Zn oxide, Al—Zn oxide, or indium gallium zinc oxide (In—Ga—Zn oxide).
- ITO In—Sn oxide
- In—Zn oxide Ga—Zn oxide
- Al—Zn oxide Al—Zn oxide
- indium gallium zinc oxide In—Ga—Zn oxide
- An inorganic film containing a material such as IGZO can also be used.
- the inorganic film preferably has a high resistance, and specifically, preferably has a higher resistance than the common electrode 115 .
- the inorganic film may further contain nitrogen.
- the protective layer 131 When the light emitted from the light-emitting device is taken out through the protective layer 131, the protective layer 131 preferably has high transparency to visible light.
- the protective layer 131 preferably has high transparency to visible light.
- ITO, IGZO, and aluminum oxide are preferable because they are inorganic materials with high transparency to visible light.
- the protective layer 131 for example, a stacked structure of an aluminum oxide film and a silicon nitride film over the aluminum oxide film, or a stacked structure of an aluminum oxide film and an IGZO film over the aluminum oxide film, or the like can be used. can be done. By using the stacked-layer structure, impurities (such as water and oxygen) entering the EL layer can be suppressed.
- the protective layer 131 may have an organic film.
- protective layer 131 may have both an organic film and an inorganic film.
- organic materials that can be used for the protective layer 131 include organic insulating materials that can be used for the insulating layer 127 .
- the protective layer 131 may have a two-layer structure formed using different film formation methods. Specifically, the first layer of the protective layer 131 may be formed using the ALD method, and the second layer of the protective layer 131 may be formed using the sputtering method.
- a light shielding layer may be provided on the surface of the substrate 120 on the resin layer 122 side.
- various optical members can be arranged outside the substrate 120 .
- optical members include polarizing plates, retardation plates, light diffusion layers (diffusion films, etc.), antireflection layers, light collecting films, and the like.
- an antistatic film that suppresses adhesion of dust, a water-repellent film that prevents adhesion of dirt, a hard coat film that suppresses the occurrence of scratches due to use, a shock absorption layer, etc. Layers may be arranged.
- a glass layer or a silica layer (SiO 2 x layer) as the surface protective layer, because surface contamination and scratching can be suppressed.
- the surface protective layer DLC (diamond-like carbon), aluminum oxide (AlO x ), polyester-based material, polycarbonate-based material, or the like may be used.
- a material having a high visible light transmittance is preferably used for the surface protective layer.
- Glass, quartz, ceramics, sapphire, resin, metal, alloy, semiconductor, or the like can be used for the substrate 120 .
- a material that transmits the light is used for the substrate on the side from which the light from the light-emitting device is extracted.
- Using a flexible material for the substrate 120 can increase the flexibility of the display device.
- a polarizing plate may be used as the substrate 120 .
- polyester resins such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), polyacrylonitrile resins, acrylic resins, polyimide resins, polymethyl methacrylate resins, polycarbonate (PC) resins, polyethersulfone (PES) resins, respectively.
- resin polyamide resin (nylon, aramid, etc.), polysiloxane resin, cycloolefin resin, polystyrene resin, polyamideimide resin, polyurethane resin, polyvinyl chloride resin, polyvinylidene chloride resin, polypropylene resin, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) Resin, ABS resin, cellulose nanofiber, etc.
- glass having a thickness that is flexible may be used.
- a substrate having high optical isotropy is preferably used as the substrate of the display device.
- a substrate with high optical isotropy has small birefringence (it can be said that the amount of birefringence is small).
- the absolute value of the retardation (retardation) value of the substrate with high optical isotropy is preferably 30 nm or less, more preferably 20 nm or less, and even more preferably 10 nm or less.
- Films with high optical isotropy include triacetyl cellulose (TAC, also called cellulose triacetate) films, cycloolefin polymer (COP) films, cycloolefin copolymer (COC) films, and acrylic resin films.
- TAC triacetyl cellulose
- COP cycloolefin polymer
- COC cycloolefin copolymer
- the film when a film is used as the substrate, the film may absorb water, which may cause shape change such as wrinkles in the display device. Therefore, it is preferable to use a film having a low water absorption rate as the substrate. For example, it is preferable to use a film with a water absorption of 1% or less, more preferably 0.1% or less, and even more preferably 0.01% or less.
- various curable adhesives such as photocurable adhesives such as ultraviolet curable adhesives, reaction curable adhesives, thermosetting adhesives, and anaerobic adhesives can be used.
- These adhesives include epoxy resins, acrylic resins, silicone resins, phenol resins, polyimide resins, imide resins, PVC (polyvinyl chloride) resins, PVB (polyvinyl butyral) resins, EVA (ethylene vinyl acetate) resins, and the like.
- a material with low moisture permeability such as epoxy resin is preferable.
- a two-liquid mixed type resin may be used.
- an adhesive sheet or the like may be used.
- FIG. 10A shows a top view of the display device 100 different from FIG. 3A.
- a pixel 110 shown in FIG. 10A is composed of four types of sub-pixels: sub-pixels 110a, 110b, 110c, and 110d.
- Sub-pixels 110a, 110b, 110c, and 110d may each have a light-emitting device that emits light of a different color.
- the sub-pixels 110a, 110b, 110c, and 110d include sub-pixels of four colors of R, G, B, and W; sub-pixels of four colors of R, G, B, and Y; For example, four sub-pixels of IR.
- the display device of one embodiment of the present invention may include a light-receiving device in a pixel.
- three may have a light-emitting device and the remaining one may have a light-receiving device.
- a pn-type or pin-type photodiode can be used as the light receiving device.
- a light-receiving device functions as a photoelectric conversion device (also referred to as a photoelectric conversion element) that detects light incident on the light-receiving device and generates an electric charge. The amount of charge generated from the light receiving device is determined based on the amount of light incident on the light receiving device.
- the light receiving device can detect one or both of visible light and infrared light.
- visible light for example, one or more of colors such as blue, purple, violet, green, yellow-green, yellow, orange, and red can be detected.
- infrared light it is possible to detect an object even in a dark place, which is preferable.
- organic photodiode having a layer containing an organic compound as the light receiving device.
- Organic photodiodes can be easily made thinner, lighter, and larger, and have a high degree of freedom in shape and design, so that they can be applied to various display devices.
- an organic EL device is used as the light-emitting device and an organic photodiode is used as the light-receiving device.
- An organic EL device and an organic photodiode can be formed on the same substrate. Therefore, an organic photodiode can be incorporated in a display device using an organic EL device.
- the light-receiving device can be driven by applying a reverse bias between the pixel electrode and the common electrode, thereby detecting light incident on the light-receiving device, generating electric charge, and extracting it as a current.
- a manufacturing method similar to that for the light-emitting device can also be applied to the light-receiving device.
- the island-shaped active layer (also referred to as a photoelectric conversion layer) of the light receiving device is not formed using a fine metal mask, but is formed by processing after forming a film that will be the active layer over the entire surface. Therefore, the island-shaped active layer can be formed with a uniform thickness. Further, by providing the mask layer over the active layer, the damage to the active layer during the manufacturing process of the display device can be reduced, and the reliability of the light-receiving device can be improved.
- Embodiment 7 can be referred to for the structure and material of the light receiving device.
- FIG. 10B shows a cross-sectional view along dashed-dotted line X3-X4 in FIG. 10A. Note that FIG. 3B can be referred to for the cross-sectional view along the dashed-dotted line X1-X2 in FIG. 10A, and FIG. 9A or 9B can be referred to for the cross-sectional view along the dashed-dotted line Y1-Y2.
- the display device 100 includes an insulating layer provided on a layer 101 including a transistor, a light emitting device 130a and a light receiving device 150 provided on the insulating layer, and covering the light emitting device and the light receiving device.
- a protective layer 131 is provided, and the substrate 120 is bonded by a resin layer 122 .
- An insulating layer 125 and an insulating layer 127 on the insulating layer 125 are provided in a region between the adjacent light emitting device and light receiving device.
- FIG. 10B shows an example of light emitted from the light emitting device 130a toward the substrate 120 (light Lem) and light entering the light receiving device 150 from the substrate 120 side (light Lin).
- the configuration of the light emitting device 130a is as described above.
- the light receiving device 150 includes a pixel electrode 111d on the insulating layer 255c, a fourth layer 113d on the pixel electrode 111d, a common layer 114 on the fourth layer 113d, and a common electrode 115 on the common layer 114. have.
- the fourth layer 113d includes at least the active layer.
- the fourth layer 113d is a layer provided in the light receiving device 150 and not provided in the light emitting device.
- the common layer 114 is a sequence of layers shared by the light-emitting and light-receiving devices.
- a layer shared by the light-receiving device and the light-emitting device may have different functions in the light-emitting device and in the light-receiving device. Components are sometimes referred to herein based on their function in the light emitting device.
- a hole-injecting layer functions as a hole-injecting layer in light-emitting devices and as a hole-transporting layer in light-receiving devices.
- an electron-injecting layer functions as an electron-injecting layer in light-emitting devices and as an electron-transporting layer in light-receiving devices.
- a layer shared by the light-receiving device and the light-emitting device may have the same function in the light-emitting device as in the light-receiving device.
- a hole-transporting layer functions as a hole-transporting layer in both a light-emitting device and a light-receiving device
- an electron-transporting layer functions as an electron-transporting layer in both a light-emitting device and a light-receiving device.
- a mask layer 118 a is positioned between the first layer 113 a and the insulating layer 125
- a mask layer 118 d is positioned between the fourth layer 113 d and the insulating layer 125 .
- the mask layer 118a is part of the remaining mask layer provided on the first layer 113a when the first layer 113a is processed.
- the mask layer 118d is part of the remaining mask layer provided in contact with the upper surface of the fourth layer 113d when processing the fourth layer 113d, which is the layer containing the active layer.
- Mask layer 118a and mask layer 118d may have the same material or may have different materials.
- FIG. 10A shows an example in which a sub-pixel 110d has a larger aperture ratio (also referred to as size, size of a light-emitting region or light-receiving region) than those of the sub-pixels 110a, 110b, and 110c; however, one embodiment of the present invention is not limited thereto. .
- the aperture ratios of the sub-pixels 110a, 110b, 110c, and 110d can be determined as appropriate.
- the aperture ratios of the sub-pixels 110a, 110b, 110c, and 110d may be different, and two or more may be equal or substantially equal.
- the sub-pixel 110d may have a higher aperture ratio than at least one of the sub-pixels 110a, 110b, and 110c.
- a wide light receiving area of the sub-pixel 110d may make it easier to detect an object.
- the aperture ratio of the sub-pixel 110d may be higher than that of the other sub-pixels depending on the definition of the display device, the circuit configuration of the sub-pixels, and the like.
- the sub-pixel 110d may have a lower aperture ratio than at least one of the sub-pixels 110a, 110b, and 110c. If the light-receiving area of the sub-pixel 110d is narrow, the imaging range is narrowed, and blurring of the imaging result can be suppressed and the resolution can be improved. Therefore, high-definition or high-resolution imaging can be performed, which is preferable.
- the sub-pixel 110d can have a detection wavelength, definition, and aperture ratio that suit the application.
- an island-shaped EL layer is provided for each light-emitting device, so that leakage current between subpixels can be suppressed. Thereby, crosstalk due to unintended light emission can be prevented, and a display device with extremely high contrast can be realized.
- an insulating layer having a tapered shape at the end between adjacent island-shaped EL layers, the occurrence of discontinuity in forming the common electrode can be suppressed, and the film can be locally formed on the common electrode. It is possible to prevent the formation of thin portions. As a result, in the common layer and the common electrode, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of poor connection due to the divided portions and an increase in electrical resistance due to the portions where the film thickness is locally thin. Accordingly, the display device of one embodiment of the present invention can achieve both high definition and high display quality.
- FIG. 11 to 15 show side by side a cross-sectional view taken along the dashed-dotted line X1-X2 shown in FIG. 3A and a cross-sectional view taken along the dashed-dotted line Y1-Y2.
- FIG. 16 shows an enlarged view of the edge of the insulating layer 127 and its vicinity.
- the thin films (insulating films, semiconductor films, conductive films, etc.) that make up the display device are formed by sputtering, chemical vapor deposition (CVD), vacuum deposition, pulsed laser deposition (PLD). ) method, atomic layer deposition (ALD) method, or the like.
- CVD methods include a plasma enhanced CVD (PECVD) method, a thermal CVD method, and the like. Also, one of the thermal CVD methods is the metal organic CVD (MOCVD) method.
- the thin films (insulating film, semiconductor film, conductive film, etc.) that make up the display device can be applied by spin coating, dipping, spray coating, inkjet, dispensing, screen printing, offset printing, doctor knife method, slit coating, and roll coating. , curtain coating, or knife coating.
- a vacuum process such as a vapor deposition method and a solution process such as a spin coating method or an ink jet method can be used for manufacturing a light-emitting device.
- vapor deposition methods include physical vapor deposition (PVD) such as sputtering, ion plating, ion beam vapor deposition, molecular beam vapor deposition, and vacuum vapor deposition, and chemical vapor deposition (CVD).
- the functional layers included in the EL layer, vapor deposition ( vacuum deposition method, etc.), coating method (dip coating method, die coating method, bar coating method, spin coating method, spray coating method, etc.), printing method (inkjet method, screen (stencil printing) method, offset (lithographic printing) method, It can be formed by a method such as a flexographic (letterpress printing) method, a gravure method, or a microcontact method.
- the processing can be performed using a photolithography method or the like.
- the thin film may be processed by a nanoimprint method, a sandblast method, a lift-off method, or the like.
- an island-shaped thin film may be directly formed by a film formation method using a shielding mask such as a metal mask.
- the photolithography method there are typically the following two methods.
- One is a method of forming a resist mask on a thin film to be processed, processing the thin film by etching or the like, and removing the resist mask.
- the other is a method of forming a thin film having photosensitivity and then exposing and developing the thin film to process the thin film into a desired shape.
- the light used for exposure can be, for example, i-line (wavelength 365 nm), g-line (wavelength 436 nm), h-line (wavelength 405 nm), or a mixture thereof.
- ultraviolet light also referred to as ultraviolet light
- KrF laser light ArF laser light, or the like
- extreme ultraviolet light EUV: Extreme Ultra-violet
- X-rays may be used.
- An electron beam can also be used instead of the light used for exposure.
- the use of extreme ultraviolet light, X-rays, or electron beams is preferable because extremely fine processing is possible.
- a photomask is not necessary when exposure is performed by scanning a beam such as an electron beam.
- a dry etching method, a wet etching method, a sandblasting method, or the like can be used for etching the thin film.
- the insulating layer 255a, the insulating layer 255b, and the insulating layer 255c are formed in this order over the layer 101 including the transistor.
- the pixel electrodes 111a, 111b, and 111c and the conductive layer 123 are formed over the insulating layer 255c.
- a sputtering method or a vacuum deposition method can be used to form the pixel electrode.
- the pixel electrode it is preferable to perform a hydrophobic treatment on the pixel electrode.
- a hydrophobic treatment By subjecting the pixel electrode to hydrophobic treatment, the adhesion between the pixel electrode and a film (here, the film 113A) formed in a later step can be improved, and film peeling can be suppressed. Note that the hydrophobic treatment may not be performed.
- Hydrophobization treatment can be performed, for example, by modifying the pixel electrode with fluorine.
- Fluorine modification can be performed, for example, by treatment with a fluorine-containing gas, heat treatment, plasma treatment in a fluorine-containing gas atmosphere, or the like.
- the gas containing fluorine for example, fluorine gas can be used, and for example, fluorocarbon gas can be used.
- fluorocarbon gas lower fluorocarbon gases such as carbon tetrafluoride (CF 4 ) gas, C 4 F 6 gas, C 2 F 6 gas, C 4 F 8 gas, and C 5 F 8 gas can be used.
- As the gas containing fluorine for example, SF6 gas, NF3 gas, CHF3 gas, etc. can be used.
- helium gas, argon gas, hydrogen gas, or the like can be added to these gases as appropriate.
- the surface of the pixel electrode is subjected to plasma treatment in a gas atmosphere containing a group 18 element such as argon, and then treated with a silylating agent to make the surface of the pixel electrode hydrophobic. be able to.
- a silylating agent hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS), trimethylsilylimidazole (TMSI), or the like can be used.
- the surface of the pixel electrode is also subjected to plasma treatment in a gas atmosphere containing a Group 18 element such as argon, and then to treatment using a silane coupling agent to make the surface of the pixel electrode hydrophobic. can do.
- the surface of the pixel electrode By subjecting the surface of the pixel electrode to plasma treatment in a gas atmosphere containing a group 18 element such as argon, the surface of the pixel electrode can be damaged. This makes it easier for the methyl group contained in the silylating agent such as HMDS to bond to the surface of the pixel electrode. In addition, silane coupling by the silane coupling agent is likely to occur. As described above, the surface of the pixel electrode is subjected to plasma treatment in a gas atmosphere containing a Group 18 element such as argon, and then to treatment using a silylating agent or a silane coupling agent. The surface of the electrodes can be made hydrophobic.
- the treatment using a silylating agent, a silane coupling agent, or the like can be performed by applying the silylating agent, the silane coupling agent, or the like using, for example, a spin coating method, a dipping method, or the like.
- a vapor phase method is used to form a film containing a silylating agent or a film containing a silane coupling agent on a pixel electrode or the like.
- the material containing the silylating agent or the material containing the silane coupling agent is volatilized so that the atmosphere contains the silylating agent, the silane coupling agent, or the like.
- a substrate on which pixel electrodes and the like are formed is placed in the atmosphere.
- a film containing a silylating agent, a silane coupling agent, or the like can be formed on the pixel electrode, and the surface of the pixel electrode can be made hydrophobic.
- a film 113A which will later become the first layer 113a, is formed on the pixel electrode (FIG. 11A).
- the film 113A is not formed on the conductive layer 123 in the cross-sectional view along the dashed-dotted line Y1-Y2.
- the film 113A can be formed only in a desired region by using a mask for defining a film formation area (also called an area mask or a rough metal mask to distinguish it from a fine metal mask).
- a mask for defining a film formation area also called an area mask or a rough metal mask to distinguish it from a fine metal mask.
- Employing a film formation process using an area mask and a processing process using a resist mask makes it possible to manufacture a light-emitting device in a relatively simple process.
- the film 113A can be formed, for example, by a vapor deposition method, specifically a vacuum vapor deposition method.
- the film 113A may be formed by a transfer method, a printing method, an inkjet method, a coating method, or the like.
- a mask film 118A that will later become the mask layer 118a and a mask film 119A that will later become the mask layer 119a are sequentially formed on the film 113A and the conductive layer 123 (FIG. 11A).
- the mask film may have a single-layer structure or a laminated structure of three or more layers.
- the damage to the film 113A during the manufacturing process of the display device can be reduced, and the reliability of the light-emitting device can be improved.
- a film having high resistance to the processing conditions of the film 113A specifically, a film having a high etching selectivity with respect to the film 113A is used.
- a film having a high etching selectivity with respect to the mask film 118A is used for the mask film 119A.
- the mask films 118A and 119A are formed at a temperature lower than the heat-resistant temperature of the film 113A.
- the substrate temperature when forming the mask film 118A and the mask film 119A is typically 200° C. or less, preferably 150° C. or less, more preferably 120° C. or less, more preferably 100° C. or less, and still more preferably. is below 80°C.
- the heat-resistant temperature of the films 113A to 113C (that is, the first layer 113a to the third layer 113c) can be any of these temperatures, preferably the lowest temperature among them.
- a film that can be removed by a wet etching method is preferably used for the mask film 118A and the mask film 119A.
- damage to the film 113A during processing of the mask films 118A and 119A can be reduced as compared with the case of using the dry etching method.
- a sputtering method for example, a sputtering method, an ALD method (thermal ALD method, PEALD method), a CVD method, and a vacuum deposition method can be used. Alternatively, it may be formed using the wet film forming method described above.
- the mask film 118A formed on and in contact with the film 113A is preferably formed using a formation method that causes less damage to the film 113A than the mask film 119A.
- a formation method that causes less damage to the film 113A than the mask film 119A.
- the mask films 118A and 119A for example, one or more of metal films, alloy films, metal oxide films, semiconductor films, organic insulating films, and inorganic insulating films can be used.
- the mask film 118A and the mask film 119A are made of, for example, gold, silver, platinum, magnesium, nickel, tungsten, chromium, molybdenum, iron, cobalt, copper, palladium, titanium, aluminum, yttrium, zirconium, tantalum, and the like.
- a metallic material or an alloy material containing the metallic material can be used.
- In--Ga--Zn oxide indium oxide, In--Zn oxide, In--Sn oxide, indium titanium oxide (In--Ti oxide), and indium Contains tin zinc oxide (In-Sn-Zn oxide), indium titanium zinc oxide (In-Ti-Zn oxide), indium gallium tin zinc oxide (In-Ga-Sn-Zn oxide), silicon Metal oxides such as indium tin oxide can be used.
- element M is aluminum, silicon, boron, yttrium, copper, vanadium, beryllium, titanium, iron, nickel, germanium, zirconium, molybdenum, lanthanum, cerium, neodymium, hafnium, tantalum, tungsten , or one or more selected from magnesium
- M is preferably one or more selected from gallium, aluminum, and yttrium.
- a film containing a material that blocks light, particularly ultraviolet light can be used.
- a film that reflects ultraviolet light or a film that absorbs ultraviolet light can be used.
- the light shielding material various materials such as metals, insulators, semiconductors, and semi-metals that are light shielding against ultraviolet light can be used. Since the film is removed in the step of (1), it is preferably a film that can be processed by etching, and particularly preferably has good workability.
- a semiconductor material such as silicon or germanium can be used as a material that has a high affinity with a semiconductor manufacturing process.
- oxides or nitrides of the above semiconductor materials can be used.
- non-metallic materials such as carbon or compounds thereof can be used.
- metals such as titanium, tantalum, tungsten, chromium, aluminum, or alloys containing one or more of these.
- oxides containing the above metals such as titanium oxide or chromium oxide, or nitrides such as titanium nitride, chromium nitride, or tantalum nitride can be used.
- the mask film By using a film containing a material that blocks ultraviolet light as the mask film, irradiation of the EL layer with ultraviolet light in an exposure step or the like can be suppressed. By preventing the EL layer from being damaged by ultraviolet light, the reliability of the light-emitting device can be improved.
- a film containing a material having a light shielding property against ultraviolet light can be used as a material for the insulating film 125A, which will be described later, with the same effect.
- Various inorganic insulating films that can be used for the protective layer 131 can be used as the mask film 118A and the mask film 119A.
- an oxide insulating film is preferable because it has higher adhesion to the film 113A than a nitride insulating film.
- inorganic insulating materials such as aluminum oxide, hafnium oxide, and silicon oxide can be used for the mask films 118A and 119A, respectively.
- an aluminum oxide film can be formed using the ALD method. Use of the ALD method is preferable because damage to the base (especially the EL layer) can be reduced.
- an inorganic insulating film for example, an aluminum oxide film
- an inorganic film for example, an In--Ga--Zn oxide film
- metal film, aluminum film, or tungsten film can be used.
- the same inorganic insulating film can be used for both the mask film 118A and the insulating layer 125 to be formed later.
- an aluminum oxide film formed using the ALD method can be used for both the mask film 118A and the insulating layer 125 .
- the same film formation conditions may be applied to the mask film 118A and the insulating layer 125, or different film formation conditions may be applied.
- the mask film 118A can be an insulating layer having a high barrier property against at least one of water and oxygen.
- the mask film 118A is a layer from which most or all of it will be removed in a later step, it is preferable that the mask film 118A be easily processed. Therefore, it is preferable to form the mask film 118A under the condition that the substrate temperature during film formation is lower than that of the insulating layer 125 .
- An organic material may be used for one or both of the mask film 118A and the mask film 119A.
- a material that can be dissolved in a chemically stable solvent may be used for at least the film positioned at the top of the film 113A.
- materials that dissolve in water or alcohol can be preferably used.
- it is preferable to dissolve the material in a solvent such as water or alcohol apply the material by a wet film forming method, and then perform heat treatment to evaporate the solvent. At this time, the solvent can be removed at a low temperature in a short time by performing heat treatment in a reduced pressure atmosphere, so that thermal damage to the film 113A can be reduced, which is preferable.
- the mask film 118A and the mask film 119A are each made of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyvinyl butyral, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyethylene glycol, polyglycerin, pullulan, water-soluble cellulose, alcohol-soluble polyamide resin, or perfluoropolymer. You may use organic resins, such as a fluororesin.
- an organic film e.g., PVA film
- an inorganic film e.g., PVA film
- a silicon nitride film can be used.
- part of the mask film may remain as a mask layer in the display device of one embodiment of the present invention.
- a resist mask 190a is formed on the mask film 119A (FIG. 11A).
- the resist mask 190a can be formed by applying a photosensitive resin (photoresist) and performing exposure and development.
- the resist mask 190a may be manufactured using either a positive resist material or a negative resist material.
- the resist mask 190a is provided at a position overlapping with the pixel electrode 111a.
- the resist mask 190 a is preferably provided also at a position overlapping with the conductive layer 123 . Accordingly, damage to the conductive layer 123 during the manufacturing process of the display device can be suppressed. Note that the resist mask 190 a is not necessarily provided over the conductive layer 123 .
- the resist mask 190a extends from the end of the first layer 113a to the end of the conductive layer 123 (the end on the first layer 113a side). It is preferable to provide it so as to cover it. As a result, even after the mask films 118A and 119A are processed, the end portions of the mask layers 118a and 119a overlap the end portions of the first layer 113a. In addition, since the mask layers 118a and 119a are provided so as to cover from the end of the first layer 113a to the end of the conductive layer 123 (the end on the first layer 113a side), the insulating layer 255c is exposed. can be suppressed (see the cross-sectional view between Y1-Y2 in FIG. 11C).
- the insulating layers 255a to 255c and part of the insulating layer included in the layer 101 including the transistor are removed by etching or the like, so that the conductive layer included in the layer 101 including the transistor can be prevented from being exposed. . Therefore, unintentional electrical connection of the conductive layer to another conductive layer can be suppressed. For example, short-circuiting between the conductive layer and the common electrode 115 can be suppressed.
- a resist mask 190a is used to partially remove the mask film 119A to form a mask layer 119a (FIG. 11B).
- the mask layer 119 a remains on the pixel electrode 111 a and the conductive layer 123 .
- the resist mask 190a is removed.
- using the mask layer 119a as a mask also referred to as a hard mask, part of the mask film 118A is removed to form a mask layer 118a (FIG. 11C).
- the mask film 118A and the mask film 119A can each be processed by a wet etching method or a dry etching method.
- the mask film 118A and the mask film 119A are preferably processed by anisotropic etching.
- a wet etching method By using the wet etching method, damage to the film 113A during processing of the mask films 118A and 119A can be reduced as compared with the case of using the dry etching method.
- a wet etching method for example, a developer, a tetramethylammonium hydroxide aqueous solution (TMAH), dilute hydrofluoric acid, oxalic acid, phosphoric acid, acetic acid, nitric acid, or a chemical solution using a mixed liquid thereof can be used. preferable.
- the selection of processing methods is wider than in the processing of the mask film 118A. Specifically, deterioration of the film 113A can be further suppressed even when a gas containing oxygen is used as an etching gas when processing the mask film 119A.
- a gas containing a noble gas such as CF 4 , C 4 F 8 , SF 6 , CHF 3 , Cl 2 , H 2 O, BCl 3 , or He is used for etching. Gases are preferred.
- the mask film 118A is processed by dry etching using CHF 3 and He, or CHF 3 , He and CH 4 . can be done.
- the mask film 119A can be processed by wet etching using diluted phosphoric acid. Alternatively, it may be processed by a dry etching method using CH 4 and Ar. Alternatively, the mask film 119A can be processed by a wet etching method using diluted phosphoric acid.
- mask film 119A When a tungsten film formed by sputtering is used as mask film 119A, mask film 119A is removed by dry etching using SF 6 , CF 4 and O 2 , or CF 4 and Cl 2 and O 2 . can be processed.
- the resist mask 190a can be removed by, for example, ashing using oxygen plasma.
- an oxygen gas and a noble gas such as CF4 , C4F8 , SF6 , CHF3 , Cl2 , H2O , BCl3 , or He may be used.
- the resist mask 190a may be removed by wet etching. At this time, since the mask film 118A is positioned on the outermost surface and the film 113A is not exposed, damage to the film 113A can be suppressed in the process of removing the resist mask 190a. In addition, it is possible to widen the range of selection of methods for removing the resist mask 190a.
- the film 113A is processed to form the first layer 113a.
- the film 113A is processed to form the first layer 113a.
- a portion of film 113A is removed to form first layer 113a (FIG. 11C).
- a layered structure of the first layer 113a, the mask layer 118a, and the mask layer 119a remains on the pixel electrode 111a. Also, the pixel electrode 111b and the pixel electrode 111c are exposed.
- FIG. 11C shows an example in which the edge of the first layer 113a is located outside the edge of the pixel electrode 111a. With such a structure, the aperture ratio of the pixel can be increased. Although not shown in FIG. 11C, the etching treatment may form a recess in a region of the insulating layer 255c that does not overlap with the first layer 113a.
- the subsequent steps can be performed without exposing the pixel electrode 111a. If the edge of the pixel electrode 111a is exposed, corrosion may occur during an etching process or the like. A product generated by the corrosion of the pixel electrode 111a may be unstable. For example, in the case of wet etching, the product may dissolve in a solution, and in the case of dry etching, there is a concern that it may scatter in the atmosphere. Dissolution of the product in the solution or scattering in the atmosphere causes the product to adhere to, for example, the surface to be processed and the side surface of the first layer 113a, adversely affecting the characteristics of the light emitting device.
- a leak path may be formed between multiple light emitting devices.
- the adhesion between the layers that are in contact with each other may be lowered, and the first layer 113a or the pixel electrode 111a may be easily peeled off.
- the yield and characteristics of the light-emitting device can be improved.
- a layered structure of the mask layers 118a and 119a remains on the conductive layer 123. As shown in FIG.
- the mask layers 118a and 119a are provided so as to cover the end portions of the first layer 113a and the conductive layer 123, and the insulating layer 255c. is not exposed. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the insulating layers 255a to 255c and part of the insulating layer included in the layer 101 including the transistor from being removed by etching or the like and exposing the conductive layer included in the layer 101 including the transistor. Therefore, unintentional electrical connection of the conductive layer to another conductive layer can be suppressed.
- the film 113A is preferably processed by anisotropic etching.
- Anisotropic dry etching is particularly preferred.
- wet etching may be used.
- deterioration of the film 113A can be suppressed by not using an oxygen-containing gas as an etching gas.
- a gas containing oxygen may be used as the etching gas.
- the etching rate can be increased by including oxygen in the etching gas. Therefore, etching can be performed under low power conditions while maintaining a sufficiently high etching rate. Therefore, damage to the film 113A can be suppressed. Furthermore, problems such as adhesion of reaction products that occur during etching can be suppressed.
- H 2 , CF 4 , C 4 F 8 , SF 6 , CHF 3 , Cl 2 , H 2 O, BCl 3 , or noble gases such as He and Ar. is preferably used as the etching gas.
- a gas containing one or more of these and oxygen is preferably used as an etching gas.
- oxygen gas may be used as the etching gas.
- a gas containing H 2 and Ar or a gas containing CF 4 and He can be used as the etching gas.
- a gas containing CF 4 , He, and oxygen can be used as the etching gas.
- a gas containing H 2 and Ar and a gas containing oxygen can be used as the etching gas.
- the mask layer 119a is formed by forming the resist mask 190a over the mask film 119A and removing part of the mask film 119A using the resist mask 190a.
- the first layer 113a is formed by removing part of the film 113A using the mask layer 119a as a hard mask. Therefore, it can be said that the first layer 113a is formed by processing the film 113A using the photolithography method. Note that part of the film 113A may be removed using the resist mask 190a. After that, the resist mask 190a may be removed.
- the surface state of the pixel electrode may change to be hydrophilic.
- adhesion between the pixel electrode and a film (here, the film 113B) formed in a later step can be increased, and film peeling can be suppressed.
- the hydrophobic treatment may not be performed.
- a film 113B that will later become the second layer 113b is formed on the pixel electrodes 111b and 111c and on the mask layer 119a (FIG. 12A).
- Membrane 113B can be formed by methods similar to those that can be used to form membrane 113A.
- a mask film 118B that will later become the mask layer 118b and a mask film 119B that will later become the mask layer 119b are sequentially formed on the film 113B, and then a resist mask 190b is formed (FIG. 12A).
- the materials and formation methods of the mask films 118B and 119B are the same as the conditions applicable to the mask films 118A and 119A.
- the material and formation method of the resist mask 190b are the same as the conditions applicable to the resist mask 190a.
- the resist mask 190b is provided at a position overlapping with the pixel electrode 111b.
- a resist mask 190b is used to partially remove the mask film 119B to form a mask layer 119b.
- the mask layer 119b remains on the pixel electrode 111b.
- the resist mask 190b is removed.
- a portion of the mask film 118B is removed to form a mask layer 118b.
- the film 113B is processed to form the second layer 113b. For example, using mask layer 119b and mask layer 118b as a hard mask, portions of film 113B are removed to form second layer 113b (FIG. 12B).
- a layered structure of the second layer 113b, the mask layer 118b, and the mask layer 119b remains on the pixel electrode 111b. Also, the mask layer 119a and the pixel electrode 111c are exposed.
- the surface state of the pixel electrode may change to be hydrophilic.
- the adhesion between the pixel electrode and a film (here, the film 113C) formed in a later step can be enhanced, and film peeling can be suppressed.
- the hydrophobic treatment may not be performed.
- a film 113C that will later become the third layer 113c is formed on the pixel electrode 111c and mask layers 119a and 119b (FIG. 12B).
- Membrane 113C can be formed by methods similar to those that can be used to form membrane 113A.
- a mask film 118C that will later become the mask layer 118c and a mask film 119C that will later become the mask layer 119c are sequentially formed on the film 113C, and then a resist mask 190c is formed (FIG. 12B).
- the materials and formation methods of the mask films 118C and 119C are the same as the conditions applicable to the mask films 118A and 119A.
- the material and formation method of the resist mask 190c are similar to the conditions applicable to the resist mask 190a.
- the resist mask 190c is provided at a position overlapping with the pixel electrode 111c.
- a resist mask 190c is used to partially remove the mask film 119C to form a mask layer 119c.
- the mask layer 119c remains on the pixel electrode 111c.
- the resist mask 190c is removed.
- a portion of the mask film 118C is removed to form a mask layer 118c.
- the film 113C is processed to form the third layer 113c. For example, using mask layer 119c and mask layer 118c as a hard mask, a portion of film 113C is removed to form third layer 113c (FIG. 12C).
- a layered structure of the third layer 113c, the mask layer 118c, and the mask layer 119c remains on the pixel electrode 111c. Also, the mask layers 119a and 119b are exposed.
- the side surfaces of the first layer 113a, the second layer 113b, and the third layer 113c are preferably perpendicular or substantially perpendicular to the formation surface.
- the angle formed by the surface to be formed and these side surfaces be 60° or more and 90° or less.
- the distance between adjacent two of the first layer 113a, the second layer 113b, and the third layer 113c formed by photolithography is 8 ⁇ m or less, 5 ⁇ m or less, or 3 ⁇ m or less. , 2 ⁇ m or less, or even 1 ⁇ m or less.
- the distance can be defined by, for example, the distance between two adjacent opposing ends of the first layer 113a, the second layer 113b, and the third layer 113c.
- the fourth layer 113d included in the light receiving device is replaced by the first layer 113a to the third layer. It is formed similarly to layer 113c.
- the formation order of the first layer 113a to the fourth layer 113d is not particularly limited. For example, by forming a layer having high adhesion to the pixel electrode first, film peeling during the process can be suppressed. For example, when the first layer 113a to the third layer 113c have higher adhesion to the pixel electrode than the fourth layer 113d, the first layer 113a to the third layer 113c are formed first. preferably formed.
- the thickness of the layer formed first may affect the distance between the substrate and the mask for defining the film formation area in the subsequent layer formation process. Shadowing (formation of a layer in a shadow portion) can be suppressed by forming the thin layer first.
- the first layer 113a to the third layer 113c are often thicker than the fourth layer 113d, so the fourth layer 113d may be formed first. preferable.
- the fourth layer 113d when a polymer material is used for the active layer, it is preferable to form the fourth layer 113d first. As described above, by determining the formation order according to the material, the film formation method, and the like, the yield in manufacturing the display device can be increased.
- the mask layers 119a, 119b, 119c are then preferably removed (FIG. 13A).
- the mask layers 118a, 118b, 118c, 119a, 119b, and 119c may remain in the display device depending on subsequent steps. By removing the mask layers 119a, 119b, and 119c at this stage, it is possible to prevent the mask layers 119a, 119b, and 119c from remaining in the display device.
- the mask layers 119a, 119b, and 119c when a conductive material is used for the mask layers 119a, 119b, and 119c, by removing the mask layers 119a, 119b, and 119c in advance, the remaining mask layers 119a, 119b, and 119c generate leak current, and It is possible to suppress the formation of capacitance and the like.
- the mask layers 119a, 119b, and 119c may not be removed.
- the mask layers 119a, 119b, and 119c may not be removed.
- the EL layer is protected from ultraviolet light by proceeding to the next step without removing the material. possible and preferable.
- the same method as in the mask layer processing step can be used for the mask layer removing step.
- the first layer 113a, the second layer 113b, and the third layer 113c are less damaged when removing the mask layer than when the dry etching method is used. can be reduced.
- the mask layer may be removed by dissolving it in a solvent such as water or alcohol.
- a solvent such as water or alcohol.
- Alcohols include ethyl alcohol, methyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol (IPA), glycerin, and the like.
- a drying treatment may be performed to remove the water adsorbed to.
- heat treatment can be performed in an inert gas atmosphere or a reduced pressure atmosphere.
- the heat treatment can be performed at a substrate temperature of 50° C. to 200° C., preferably 60° C. to 150° C., more preferably 70° C. to 120° C.
- a reduced-pressure atmosphere is preferable because drying can be performed at a lower temperature.
- an insulating film 125A that will later become the insulating layer 125 is formed so as to cover the pixel electrode, the first layer 113a, the second layer 113b, the third layer 113c, the mask layers 118a, 118b, and 118c. (FIG. 13A). Subsequently, an insulating film 127a is formed on the insulating film 125A (FIG. 13B).
- the insulating film 125A and the insulating film 127a are preferably formed by a formation method that causes less damage to the first layer 113a, the second layer 113b, and the third layer 113c.
- the thickness of the insulating film 125A is higher than that of the insulating film 127a. It is preferable to form the layers 113b and 113c by a formation method that causes less damage to the layers 113b and 113c.
- the insulating films 125A and 127a are formed at temperatures lower than the heat-resistant temperatures of the first layer 113a, the second layer 113b, and the third layer 113c, respectively.
- the insulating film 125A can have a low impurity concentration and a high barrier property against at least one of water and oxygen even if the film is thin by raising the substrate temperature when forming the insulating film 125A.
- the substrate temperature when forming the insulating film 125A and the insulating film 127a is 60° C. or higher, 80° C. or higher, 100° C. or higher, or 120° C. or higher and 200° C. or lower, 180° C. or lower, 160° C. or lower, respectively. , 150° C. or lower, or 140° C. or lower.
- the insulating film 125A is preferably formed using, for example, the ALD method.
- the use of the ALD method is preferable because film formation damage can be reduced and a film with high coverage can be formed.
- As the insulating film 125A for example, an aluminum oxide film is preferably formed using the ALD method.
- the insulating film 125A may be formed using a sputtering method, a CVD method, or a PECVD method, which has a higher deposition rate than the ALD method. Accordingly, a highly reliable display device can be manufactured with high productivity.
- the insulating film 127a is preferably formed using the wet film formation method described above.
- the insulating film 127a is preferably formed using a photosensitive resin by, for example, spin coating, and more specifically, it is preferably formed using a photosensitive acrylic resin.
- heat treatment is preferably performed after the insulating film 127a is formed.
- the heat treatment is performed at a temperature lower than the heat-resistant temperatures of the first layer 113a, the second layer 113b, and the third layer 113c.
- the substrate temperature during the heat treatment is preferably 50° C. or higher and 200° C. or lower, more preferably 60° C. or higher and 150° C. or lower, and even more preferably 70° C. or higher and 120° C. or lower.
- the solvent contained in the insulating film 127a can be removed.
- FIG. 13C exposure is performed to expose a portion of the insulating film 127a to visible light or ultraviolet light.
- a region where the insulating layer 127 is not formed in a later step is irradiated with visible light or ultraviolet rays using a mask.
- the insulating layer 127 is formed around the conductive layer 123 and a region sandwiched between any two of the pixel electrodes 111a, 111b, and 111c. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 13C, the pixel electrode 111a, the pixel electrode 111b, the pixel electrode 111c, and the conductive layer 123 are irradiated with visible light or ultraviolet light using a mask.
- the width of the insulating layer 127 to be formed later can be controlled depending on the region to be exposed to light.
- the insulating layer 127 is processed so as to have a portion overlapping with the top surface of the pixel electrode (FIGS. 4A and 4B). As shown in FIG. 8A or 8B, the insulating layer 127 does not need to have a portion that overlaps the upper surface of the pixel electrode.
- Light used for exposure preferably includes i-line (wavelength: 365 nm). Also, the light used for exposure may include at least one of g-line (wavelength: 436 nm) and h-line (wavelength: 405 nm).
- FIG. 13C shows an example in which a positive photosensitive resin is used for the insulating film 127a and visible light or ultraviolet rays are irradiated to the region where the insulating layer 127 is not formed, but the present invention is limited to this. not a thing
- a negative photosensitive resin may be used for the insulating film 127a.
- the region where the insulating layer 127 is formed is irradiated with visible light or ultraviolet light.
- FIGS. 14A and 16A development is performed to remove the exposed regions of the insulating film 127a to form an insulating layer 127b.
- FIG. 16A is an enlarged view of the second layer 113b and the end portion of the insulating layer 127b shown in FIG. 14A and the vicinity thereof.
- the insulating layer 127b is formed around the conductive layer 123 and a region sandwiched between any two of the pixel electrodes 111a, 111b, and 111c.
- an acrylic resin is used for the insulating film 127a
- an alkaline solution is preferably used as the developer, and for example, a tetramethylammonium hydroxide aqueous solution (TMAH) can be used.
- TMAH tetramethylammonium hydroxide aqueous solution
- residues during development may be removed.
- the residue can be removed by ashing using oxygen plasma.
- etching may be performed to adjust the height of the surface of the insulating layer 127b.
- the insulating layer 127b may be processed, for example, by ashing using oxygen plasma. Even when a non-photosensitive material is used for the insulating film 127a, the height of the surface of the insulating film 127a can be adjusted by the ashing or the like.
- the entire substrate may be exposed, and the insulating layer 127b may be irradiated with visible light or ultraviolet light.
- the energy density of the exposure is preferably greater than 0 mJ/cm 2 and less than or equal to 800 mJ/cm 2 , more preferably greater than 0 mJ/cm 2 and less than or equal to 500 mJ/cm 2 .
- Such exposure after development can improve the transparency of the insulating layer 127b in some cases.
- the substrate temperature required for heat treatment for deforming the insulating layer 127b into a tapered shape in a later step can be lowered.
- the insulating layer 127b when the insulating layer 127b is not exposed to light, it becomes easy to change the shape of the insulating layer 127b or to deform the insulating layer 127 into a tapered shape in a later step. There is therefore, it may be preferable not to expose insulating layer 127b or 127 after development.
- the insulating layer 127b is exposed to light to initiate polymerization and cure the insulating layer 127b.
- the insulating layer 127b is not exposed to light, and the first etching treatment, post-baking, and second etching treatment, which will be described later, are performed while the insulating layer 127b is maintained in a state where the shape thereof is relatively easily changed. You may do at least one.
- the insulating layer 127b (or the insulating layer 127) may be exposed after any one of the first etching treatment, post-baking, and second etching treatment, which will be described later.
- FIGS. 14B and 16B etching is performed using the insulating layer 127b as a mask to partially remove the insulating film 125A and partially reduce the film thickness of the mask layers 118a, 118b, and 118c. make it thin.
- the insulating layer 125 is formed under the insulating layer 127b.
- the surfaces of thin portions of the mask layers 118a, 118b, and 118c are exposed.
- FIG. 16B is an enlarged view of the second layer 113b and the end portion of the insulating layer 127b and the vicinity thereof shown in FIG. 14B.
- the etching treatment using the insulating layer 127b as a mask may be referred to as the first etching treatment.
- the first etching process can be performed by dry etching or wet etching. Note that it is preferable to form the insulating film 125A using a material similar to that of the mask layers 118a, 118b, and 118c, because the first etching treatment can be performed collectively.
- etching is performed using the insulating layer 127b having tapered side surfaces as a mask, so that the side surfaces of the insulating layer 125 and the upper end portions of the side surfaces of the mask layers 118a, 118b, and 118c are relatively easily tapered.
- chlorine-based gas When performing dry etching, it is preferable to use a chlorine-based gas.
- Cl 2 , BCl 3 , SiCl 4 , CCl 4 or the like can be used alone or in combination of two or more gases.
- oxygen gas, hydrogen gas, helium gas, argon gas, and the like can be added to the chlorine-based gas singly or as a mixture of two or more gases.
- a dry etching apparatus having a high-density plasma source can be used as the dry etching apparatus.
- a dry etching apparatus having a high-density plasma source can be, for example, an inductively coupled plasma (ICP) etching apparatus.
- a capacitively coupled plasma (CCP) etching apparatus having parallel plate electrodes can be used.
- a capacitively coupled plasma etching apparatus having parallel plate electrodes may be configured to apply a high frequency voltage to one electrode of the parallel plate electrodes. Alternatively, a plurality of different high-frequency voltages may be applied to one of the parallel plate electrodes. Alternatively, a high-frequency voltage having the same frequency may be applied to each of the parallel plate electrodes. Alternatively, high-frequency voltages having different frequencies may be applied to parallel plate electrodes.
- etching gas when dry etching is performed, byproducts and the like generated by the dry etching may be deposited on the upper surface, side surfaces, and the like of the insulating layer 127b. Therefore, components contained in the etching gas, components contained in the insulating film 125A, components contained in the mask layers 118a, 118b, and 118c may be contained in the insulating layer 127 after the completion of the display device.
- wet etching can be performed using an alkaline solution or the like.
- TMAH tetramethylammonium hydroxide aqueous solution
- wet etching can be performed by a puddle method. Note that it is preferable to form the insulating film 125A using a material similar to that of the mask layers 118a, 118b, and 118c, because the etching treatment can be performed collectively.
- the mask layers 118a, 118b, and 118c are not completely removed, and the etching process is stopped when the film thickness is reduced.
- the mask layers 118a, 118b, and 118c can be removed in a later process. Damage to the first layer 113a, the second layer 113b, and the third layer 113c can be prevented.
- the film thickness of the mask layers 118a, 118b, and 118c is reduced, but the present invention is not limited to this.
- the first etching process may be stopped before the insulating film 125A is processed into the insulating layer 125 in some cases. Specifically, the first etching process may be stopped only by partially thinning the insulating film 125A.
- the boundary between the insulating film 125A and the mask layers 118a, 118b, and 118c becomes unclear, and the insulating layer 125 is formed. In some cases, it cannot be determined whether the film thickness of the mask layers 118a, 118b, and 118c has decreased.
- the edge of the insulating layer 127b may sag to cover the edge of the insulating layer 125 .
- the edge of the insulating layer 127b may come into contact with the upper surfaces of the mask layers 118a, 118b, and 118c. As described above, when the insulating layer 127b after development is not exposed to light, the shape of the insulating layer 127b may easily change.
- heat treatment also referred to as post-baking
- the insulating layer 127b can be transformed into the insulating layer 127 having tapered side surfaces.
- the shape of the insulating layer 127b may already change and have a tapered side surface when the first etching process is completed.
- the heat treatment is performed at a temperature lower than the heat-resistant temperature of the EL layer.
- the heat treatment can be performed at a substrate temperature of 50° C. to 200° C., preferably 60° C. to 150° C., more preferably 70° C. to 130° C.
- the heating atmosphere may be an air atmosphere or an inert gas atmosphere. Moreover, the heating atmosphere may be an atmospheric pressure atmosphere or a reduced pressure atmosphere. A reduced-pressure atmosphere is preferable because drying can be performed at a lower temperature.
- the substrate temperature is preferably higher than that in the heat treatment (prebaking) after the formation of the insulating film 127a. Thereby, the adhesion between the insulating layer 127 and the insulating layer 125 can be improved, and the corrosion resistance of the insulating layer 127 can also be improved.
- FIG. 16C is an enlarged view of the second layer 113b, the end portion of the insulating layer 127, and the vicinity thereof shown in FIG. 15A.
- the first layer 113a, the second layer 113b, and the third layer 113c can be prevented from being damaged and degraded. Therefore, the reliability of the light emitting device can be enhanced.
- the side surface of the insulating layer 127 may be concavely curved as shown in FIGS. 6A and 6B.
- the higher the temperature or the longer the time the easier it is for the insulating layer 127 to change its shape, which may result in the formation of a concave curved surface.
- the shape of the insulating layer 127 may easily change during post-baking.
- FIGS. 15B and 16D etching is performed using the insulating layer 127 as a mask to partially remove the mask layers 118a, 118b, and 118c. Note that part of the insulating layer 125 may also be removed. As a result, openings are formed in the mask layers 118a, 118b, and 118c, respectively, and the upper surfaces of the first layer 113a, the second layer 113b, the third layer 113c, and the conductive layer 123 are exposed.
- FIG. 16D is an enlarged view of the second layer 113b, the end portion of the insulating layer 127, and the vicinity thereof shown in FIG. 15B. Note that hereinafter, the etching treatment using the insulating layer 127 as a mask may be referred to as a second etching treatment.
- an edge of the insulating layer 125 is covered with an insulating layer 127 .
- the insulating layer 127 covers part of the end of the mask layer 118b (specifically, the tapered portion formed by the first etching process), and the second etching process is performed.
- An example in which the tapered portion formed by is exposed is shown. That is, it corresponds to the structure shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B.
- the insulating layer 125 and the mask layer under the edge of the insulating layer 127 disappear due to side etching. , cavities may form. Due to the cavities, the surfaces on which the common layer 114 and the common electrode 115 are formed become uneven, and the common layer 114 and the common electrode 115 are likely to be disconnected. Even if the insulating layer 125 and the mask layer are side-etched in the first etching treatment and cavities are generated, the cavities can be filled with the insulating layer 127 by performing post-baking after that.
- the second etching process since the mask layer with a thinner thickness is etched, the amount of side etching is small, and the formation of cavities becomes difficult. Therefore, the surface on which the common layer 114 and the common electrode 115 are formed can be made flatter.
- the insulating layer 127 may cover the entire edge of the mask layer 118b. In some cases, an edge of the insulating layer 127 hangs down to cover an edge of the mask layer 118b, and, for example, an edge of the insulating layer 127 overlaps at least one of the first layer 113a, the second layer 113b, and the third layer 113c. As described above, if the insulating layer 127b after development is not exposed to light, the shape of the insulating layer 127 may easily change.
- the second etching treatment is preferably wet etching.
- damage to the first layer 113a, the second layer 113b, and the third layer 113c can be reduced compared to the case of using the dry etching method.
- Wet etching can be performed using an alkaline solution or the like.
- the display device of one embodiment of the present invention can have improved display quality.
- heat treatment may be performed after part of the first layer 113a, the second layer 113b, and the third layer 113c is exposed.
- the heat treatment water contained in the EL layer, water adsorbed to the surface of the EL layer, and the like can be removed.
- the shape of the insulating layer 127 might be changed by the heat treatment. Specifically, the insulating layer 127 covers the edges of the insulating layer 125, the edges of the mask layers 118a, 118b, and 118c, and the top surfaces of the first layer 113a, the second layer 113b, and the third layer 113c. may spread to cover at least one of them.
- insulating layer 127 may have the shape shown in FIGS. 5A and 5B.
- heat treatment can be performed in an inert gas atmosphere or a reduced pressure atmosphere.
- the heat treatment can be performed at a substrate temperature of 50° C. to 200° C., preferably 60° C. to 150° C., more preferably 70° C. to 120° C.
- a reduced-pressure atmosphere is preferable because dehydration can be performed at a lower temperature.
- the temperature range of the above heat treatment is preferably set as appropriate in consideration of the heat resistance temperature of the EL layer. In consideration of the heat resistance temperature of the EL layer, a temperature of 70° C. or more and 120° C. or less is particularly suitable in the above temperature range.
- the common layer 114, the common electrode 115, and the protective layer 131 are formed in this order over the insulating layer 127, the first layer 113a, the second layer 113b, and the third layer 113c. Furthermore, by using the resin layer 122 and bonding the substrate 120 onto the protective layer 131, the display device can be manufactured (FIG. 3B).
- the common layer 114 can be formed by a vapor deposition method (including a vacuum vapor deposition method), a transfer method, a printing method, an inkjet method, a coating method, or the like.
- a sputtering method or a vacuum deposition method can be used for forming the common electrode 115.
- a film formed by an evaporation method and a film formed by a sputtering method may be stacked.
- Methods for forming the protective layer 131 include a vacuum deposition method, a sputtering method, a CVD method, an ALD method, and the like.
- the island-shaped first layer 113a, the island-shaped second layer 113b, and the third island-shaped layer 113c are formed using a fine metal mask.
- the island-like layer can be formed with a uniform thickness because it is formed by processing after forming a film over the entire surface, rather than by forming the film on the entire surface. Then, a high-definition display device or a display device with a high aperture ratio can be realized.
- the first layer 113a, the second layer 113b, and the third layer 113c are in contact with each other in adjacent subpixels. can be suppressed. Therefore, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of leakage current between sub-pixels. Thereby, crosstalk due to unintended light emission can be prevented, and a display device with extremely high contrast can be realized.
- the display device of one embodiment of the present invention can achieve both high definition and high display quality.
- the arrangement of sub-pixels includes, for example, a stripe arrangement, an S-stripe arrangement, a matrix arrangement, a delta arrangement, a Bayer arrangement, and a pentile arrangement.
- the top surface shape of the sub-pixel shown in the drawings in this embodiment mode corresponds to the top surface shape of the light emitting region (or the light receiving region).
- top surface shapes of sub-pixels include triangles, quadrilaterals (including rectangles and squares), polygons such as pentagons, polygons with rounded corners, ellipses, and circles.
- circuit layout forming the sub-pixels is not limited to the range of the sub-pixels shown in the drawing, and may be arranged outside the sub-pixels.
- a pixel 110 shown in FIG. 17A is composed of three sub-pixels, sub-pixels 110a, 110b, and 110c.
- the pixel 110 shown in FIG. 17B includes a sub-pixel 110a having a substantially triangular or substantially trapezoidal top shape with rounded corners, a sub-pixel 110b having a substantially triangular or substantially trapezoidal top shape with rounded corners, and a substantially quadrangular or substantially quadrangular with rounded corners. and a sub-pixel 110c having a substantially hexagonal top surface shape. Also, the sub-pixel 110b has a larger light emitting area than the sub-pixel 110a. Thus, the shape and size of each sub-pixel can be determined independently. For example, sub-pixels with more reliable light emitting devices can be smaller in size.
- FIG. 17C shows an example in which pixels 124a having sub-pixels 110a and 110b and pixels 124b having sub-pixels 110b and 110c are alternately arranged.
- Pixels 124a, 124b shown in FIGS. 17D and 17E have a delta arrangement applied.
- Pixel 124a has two sub-pixels (sub-pixels 110a and 110b) in the upper row (first row) and one sub-pixel (sub-pixel 110c) in the lower row (second row).
- Pixel 124b has one sub-pixel (sub-pixel 110c) in the upper row (first row) and two sub-pixels (sub-pixels 110a and 110b) in the lower row (second row).
- FIG. 17D is an example in which each sub-pixel has a substantially square top surface shape with rounded corners
- FIG. 17E is an example in which each sub-pixel has a circular top surface shape.
- FIG. 17F is an example in which sub-pixels of each color are arranged in a zigzag pattern. Specifically, when viewed from above, the positions of the upper sides of two sub-pixels (for example, sub-pixel 110a and sub-pixel 110b or sub-pixel 110b and sub-pixel 110c) aligned in the column direction are shifted.
- the sub-pixel 110a is a sub-pixel R that emits red light
- the sub-pixel 110b is a sub-pixel G that emits green light
- the sub-pixel 110c is a sub-pixel that emits blue light.
- Sub-pixel B is preferred. Note that the configuration of the sub-pixels is not limited to this, and the colors exhibited by the sub-pixels and the order in which the sub-pixels are arranged can be determined as appropriate.
- the sub-pixel 110b may be a sub-pixel R that emits red light
- the sub-pixel 110a may be a sub-pixel G that emits green light.
- the top surface shape of the sub-pixel may be a polygonal shape with rounded corners, an elliptical shape, a circular shape, or the like.
- the EL layer is processed into an island shape using a resist mask.
- the resist film formed on the EL layer needs to be cured at a temperature lower than the heat resistance temperature of the EL layer. Therefore, curing of the resist film may be insufficient depending on the heat resistance temperature of the EL layer material and the curing temperature of the resist material.
- a resist film that is insufficiently hardened may take a shape away from the desired shape during processing.
- the top surface shape of the EL layer may be a polygon with rounded corners, an ellipse, or a circle. For example, when a resist mask having a square top surface is formed, a resist mask having a circular top surface is formed, and the EL layer may have a circular top surface.
- a technique for correcting the mask pattern in advance so that the design pattern and the transfer pattern match.
- OPC Optical Proximity Correction
- a pattern for correction is added to a corner portion of a figure on a mask pattern.
- a pixel can have four types of sub-pixels.
- a stripe arrangement is applied to the pixels 110 shown in FIGS. 18A to 18C.
- FIG. 18A is an example in which each sub-pixel has a rectangular top surface shape
- FIG. 18B is an example in which each sub-pixel has a top surface shape connecting two semicircles and a rectangle
- FIG. This is an example where the sub-pixel has an elliptical top surface shape.
- a matrix arrangement is applied to the pixels 110 shown in FIGS. 18D to 18F.
- FIG. 18D is an example in which each sub-pixel has a square top surface shape
- FIG. 18E is an example in which each sub-pixel has a substantially square top surface shape with rounded corners
- FIG. which have a circular top shape.
- FIGS. 18G and 18H show an example in which one pixel 110 is composed of 2 rows and 3 columns.
- the pixel 110 shown in FIG. 18G has three sub-pixels (sub-pixels 110a, 110b, 110c) in the upper row (first row) and one sub-pixel ( sub-pixel 110d).
- pixel 110 has sub-pixel 110a in the left column (first column), sub-pixel 110b in the middle column (second column), and sub-pixel 110b in the right column (third column). It has pixels 110c and sub-pixels 110d over these three columns.
- the pixel 110 shown in FIG. 18H has three sub-pixels (sub-pixels 110a, 110b, 110c) in the upper row (first row) and three sub-pixels 110d in the lower row (second row). have In other words, pixel 110 has sub-pixels 110a and 110d in the left column (first column), sub-pixels 110b and 110d in the center column (second column), and sub-pixels 110b and 110d in the middle column (second column).
- a column (third column) has a sub-pixel 110c and a sub-pixel 110d.
- FIG. 18I shows an example in which one pixel 110 is composed of 3 rows and 2 columns.
- the pixel 110 shown in FIG. 18I has sub-pixels 110a in the upper row (first row) and sub-pixels 110b in the middle row (second row). It has a sub-pixel 110c and one sub-pixel (sub-pixel 110d) in the lower row (third row).
- the pixel 110 has sub-pixels 110a and 110b in the left column (first column), sub-pixel 110c in the right column (second column), and sub-pixels 110c and 110c in the right column (second column). It has a pixel 110d.
- the pixel 110 shown in FIGS. 18A-18I is composed of four sub-pixels, sub-pixels 110a, 110b, 110c and 110d.
- Sub-pixels 110a, 110b, 110c, and 110d may each have a light-emitting device that emits light of a different color.
- As the sub-pixels 110a, 110b, 110c, and 110d four-color sub-pixels of R, G, B, and white (W), four-color sub-pixels of R, G, B, and Y, or R, G, and B , infrared light (IR) sub-pixels, and the like.
- the sub-pixel 110a is a sub-pixel R that emits red light
- the sub-pixel 110b is a sub-pixel G that emits green light
- the sub-pixel 110c is a sub-pixel that emits blue light.
- the sub-pixel 110d be the sub-pixel B that emits white light, the sub-pixel Y that emits yellow light, or the sub-pixel IR that emits near-infrared light.
- the pixel 110 shown in FIGS. 18G and 18H has a stripe layout for R, G, and B, which can improve the display quality.
- the layout of R, G, and B is a so-called S-stripe arrangement, so the display quality can be improved.
- Pixel 110 may also have sub-pixels with light-receiving devices.
- any one of sub-pixels 110a to 110d may be a sub-pixel having a light receiving device.
- the sub-pixel 110a is a sub-pixel R that emits red light
- the sub-pixel 110b is a sub-pixel G that emits green light
- the sub-pixel 110c is a sub-pixel that emits blue light.
- the sub-pixel B is the sub-pixel B
- the sub-pixel 110d is the sub-pixel S having the light-receiving device.
- the pixel 110 shown in FIGS. 18G and 18H has a stripe layout for R, G, and B, which can improve the display quality.
- the layout of R, G, and B is a so-called S-stripe arrangement, so the display quality can be improved.
- the wavelength of light detected by the sub-pixel S having a light receiving device is not particularly limited.
- the sub-pixel S can be configured to detect one or both of visible light and infrared light.
- a pixel can be configured with five types of sub-pixels.
- FIG. 18J shows an example in which one pixel 110 is composed of 2 rows and 3 columns.
- the pixel 110 shown in FIG. 18J has three sub-pixels (sub-pixels 110a, 110b, and 110c) in the upper row (first row) and two sub-pixels ( sub-pixels 110d and 110e).
- pixel 110 has sub-pixels 110a and 110d in the left column (first column), sub-pixel 110b in the center column (second column), and right column (third column). has sub-pixels 110c in the second and third columns, and sub-pixels 110e in the second and third columns.
- FIG. 18K shows an example in which one pixel 110 is composed of 3 rows and 2 columns.
- the pixel 110 shown in FIG. 18K has sub-pixels 110a in the upper row (first row) and sub-pixels 110b in the middle row (second row). It has a sub-pixel 110c and two sub-pixels (sub-pixels 110d and 110e) in the lower row (third row). In other words, pixel 110 has sub-pixels 110a, 110b, and 110d in the left column (first column) and sub-pixels 110c and 110e in the right column (second column).
- the subpixel 110a is a subpixel R that emits red light
- the subpixel 110b is a subpixel G that emits green light
- the subpixel 110c is a subpixel that emits blue light.
- the pixel 110 shown in FIG. 18J has a stripe arrangement of R, G, and B, so that the display quality can be improved.
- the layout of R, G, and B is a so-called S-stripe arrangement, so the display quality can be improved.
- each pixel 110 shown in FIGS. 18J and 18K it is preferable to apply a sub-pixel S having a light receiving device to at least one of the sub-pixel 110d and the sub-pixel 110e.
- the configurations of the light receiving devices may be different from each other.
- at least a part of the wavelength regions of the light to be detected may be different.
- one of the sub-pixel 110d and the sub-pixel 110e may have a light receiving device that mainly detects visible light, and the other may have a light receiving device that mainly detects infrared light.
- one of the sub-pixel 110d and the sub-pixel 110e can be applied with a sub-pixel S having a light receiving device, and the other can be used as a light source. It is preferable to apply sub-pixels with light-emitting devices.
- one of the sub-pixel 110d and the sub-pixel 110e is a sub-pixel IR that emits infrared light, and the other is a sub-pixel S that has a light receiving device that detects infrared light.
- a pixel having sub-pixels R, G, B, IR, and S an image is displayed using the sub-pixels R, G, and B, and the sub-pixel IR is used as a light source at the sub-pixel S. Reflected infrared light can be detected.
- various layouts can be applied to pixels each including a subpixel including a light-emitting device. Further, a structure in which a pixel includes both a light-emitting device and a light-receiving device can be applied to the display device of one embodiment of the present invention. Also in this case, various layouts can be applied.
- the display device of this embodiment can be a high-definition display device. Therefore, the display device of the present embodiment includes, for example, display units of information terminals (wearable devices) such as wristwatch-type and bracelet-type devices, devices for VR such as head-mounted displays (HMD), and glasses. It can be used for the display part of a wearable device that can be worn on the head, such as a model AR device.
- wearable devices such as wristwatch-type and bracelet-type devices
- VR head-mounted displays (HMD)
- glasses can be used for the display part of a wearable device that can be worn on the head, such as a model AR device.
- the display device of this embodiment can be a high-resolution display device or a large-sized display device. Therefore, the display device of the present embodiment can be used, for example, in televisions, desktop or notebook personal computers, monitors for computers, digital signage, and relatively large screens such as large game machines such as pachinko machines. It can be used for display portions of digital cameras, digital video cameras, digital photo frames, mobile phones, portable game machines, personal digital assistants, and sound reproducing devices, in addition to electronic devices equipped with
- Display module A perspective view of the display module 280 is shown in FIG. 19A.
- the display module 280 has a display device 100A and an FPC 290 .
- the display device included in the display module 280 is not limited to the display device 100A, and may be any one of the display devices 100B to 100F, which will be described later.
- the display module 280 has substrates 291 and 292 .
- the display module 280 has a display section 281 .
- the display unit 281 is an area for displaying an image in the display module 280, and is an area where light from each pixel provided in the pixel unit 284, which will be described later, can be visually recognized.
- FIG. 19B shows a perspective view schematically showing the configuration on the substrate 291 side.
- a circuit section 282 , a pixel circuit section 283 on the circuit section 282 , and a pixel section 284 on the pixel circuit section 283 are stacked on the substrate 291 .
- a terminal portion 285 for connecting to the FPC 290 is provided on a portion of the substrate 291 that does not overlap with the pixel portion 284 .
- the terminal portion 285 and the circuit portion 282 are electrically connected by a wiring portion 286 composed of a plurality of wirings.
- the pixel section 284 has a plurality of periodically arranged pixels 284a.
- An enlarged view of one pixel 284a is shown on the right side of FIG. 19B.
- FIG. 19B shows, as an example, the case of having the same configuration as the pixel 110 shown in FIG. 3A.
- the pixel circuit section 283 has a plurality of pixel circuits 283a arranged periodically.
- One pixel circuit 283a is a circuit that controls driving of a plurality of elements included in one pixel 284a.
- One pixel circuit 283a can have a structure in which three circuits for controlling light emission of one light-emitting device are provided.
- the pixel circuit 283a can have at least one selection transistor, one current control transistor (drive transistor), and a capacitor for each light emitting device. At this time, a gate signal is inputted to the gate of the selection transistor, and a source signal is inputted to the source thereof. This realizes an active matrix display device.
- the circuit section 282 has a circuit that drives each pixel circuit 283 a of the pixel circuit section 283 .
- a circuit that drives each pixel circuit 283 a of the pixel circuit section 283 For example, it is preferable to have one or both of a gate line driver circuit and a source line driver circuit.
- at least one of an arithmetic circuit, a memory circuit, a power supply circuit, and the like may be provided.
- the FPC 290 functions as wiring for supplying a video signal, power supply potential, or the like to the circuit section 282 from the outside. Also, an IC may be mounted on the FPC 290 .
- the aperture ratio (effective display area ratio) of the display portion 281 can be significantly increased. can be higher.
- the aperture ratio of the display section 281 can be 40% or more and less than 100%, preferably 50% or more and 95% or less, more preferably 60% or more and 95% or less.
- the pixels 284a can be arranged at an extremely high density, and the definition of the display portion 281 can be extremely high.
- the pixels 284a may be arranged with a resolution of 2000 ppi or more, preferably 3000 ppi or more, more preferably 5000 ppi or more, and still more preferably 6000 ppi or more, and 20000 ppi or less, or 30000 ppi or less. preferable.
- a display module 280 has extremely high definition, it can be suitably used for a VR device such as an HMD or a glasses-type AR device. For example, even in the case of a configuration in which the display portion of the display module 280 is viewed through a lens, the display module 280 has an extremely high-definition display portion 281, so pixels cannot be viewed even if the display portion is enlarged with the lens. , a highly immersive display can be performed.
- the display module 280 is not limited to this, and can be suitably used for electronic equipment having a relatively small display unit. For example, it can be suitably used for a display part of a wearable electronic device such as a wristwatch.
- a display device 100A illustrated in FIG. 20A includes a substrate 301, a light-emitting device 130R, a light-emitting device 130G, a light-emitting device 130B, a capacitor 240, and a transistor 310.
- FIG. 20A A display device 100A illustrated in FIG. 20A includes a substrate 301, a light-emitting device 130R, a light-emitting device 130G, a light-emitting device 130B, a capacitor 240, and a transistor 310.
- Substrate 301 corresponds to substrate 291 in FIGS. 19A and 19B.
- a stacked structure from the substrate 301 to the insulating layer 255c corresponds to the layer 101 including the transistor in Embodiment 1.
- a transistor 310 has a channel formation region in the substrate 301 .
- the substrate 301 for example, a semiconductor substrate such as a single crystal silicon substrate can be used.
- Transistor 310 includes a portion of substrate 301 , conductive layer 311 , low resistance region 312 , insulating layer 313 and insulating layer 314 .
- the conductive layer 311 functions as a gate electrode.
- An insulating layer 313 is located between the substrate 301 and the conductive layer 311 and functions as a gate insulating layer.
- the low-resistance region 312 is a region in which the substrate 301 is doped with impurities and functions as either a source or a drain.
- the insulating layer 314 is provided to cover the side surface of the conductive layer 311 and functions as an insulating layer.
- a device isolation layer 315 is provided between two adjacent transistors 310 so as to be embedded in the substrate 301 .
- An insulating layer 261 is provided to cover the transistor 310 and a capacitor 240 is provided over the insulating layer 261 .
- the capacitor 240 has a conductive layer 241, a conductive layer 245, and an insulating layer 243 positioned therebetween.
- the conductive layer 241 functions as one electrode of the capacitor 240
- the conductive layer 245 functions as the other electrode of the capacitor 240
- the insulating layer 243 functions as the dielectric of the capacitor 240 .
- the conductive layer 241 is provided over the insulating layer 261 and embedded in the insulating layer 254 .
- Conductive layer 241 is electrically connected to one of the source or drain of transistor 310 by plug 271 embedded in insulating layer 261 .
- An insulating layer 243 is provided over the conductive layer 241 .
- the conductive layer 245 is provided in a region overlapping with the conductive layer 241 with the insulating layer 243 provided therebetween.
- An insulating layer 255a is provided to cover the capacitor 240, an insulating layer 255b is provided over the insulating layer 255a, and an insulating layer 255c is provided over the insulating layer 255b.
- a light emitting device 130R, a light emitting device 130G, and a light emitting device 130B are provided on the insulating layer 255c.
- FIG. 20A shows an example in which the light emitting device 130R, the light emitting device 130G, and the light emitting device 130B have the laminated structure shown in FIG. 3B.
- An insulator is provided in the region between adjacent light emitting devices. In FIG. 20A and the like, an insulating layer 125 and an insulating layer 127 over the insulating layer 125 are provided in the region.
- a mask layer 118a is positioned on the first layer 113a of the light emitting device 130R, a mask layer 118b is positioned on the second layer 113b of the light emitting device 130G, and a third layer 113b of the light emitting device 130B.
- a mask layer 118c is located on layer 113c.
- the pixel electrode 111a, the pixel electrode 111b, and the pixel electrode 111c are composed of the insulating layer 243, the insulating layer 255a, the insulating layer 255b, and the plug 256 embedded in the insulating layer 255c, the conductive layer 241 embedded in the insulating layer 254, and the It is electrically connected to one of the source and drain of transistor 310 by plug 271 embedded in insulating layer 261 .
- the height of the upper surface of the insulating layer 255c and the height of the upper surface of the plug 256 match or substantially match.
- Various conductive materials can be used for the plug.
- FIG. 20A and the like show an example in which the pixel electrode has a two-layer structure of a reflective electrode and a transparent electrode on the reflective electrode.
- a protective layer 131 is provided on the light emitting device 130R, the light emitting device 130G, and the light emitting device 130B.
- a substrate 120 is bonded onto the protective layer 131 with a resin layer 122 .
- Embodiment 1 can be referred to for details of the components from the light emitting device to the substrate 120 .
- Substrate 120 corresponds to substrate 292 in FIG. 19A.
- the display device shown in FIG. 20B is an example having light emitting devices 130R and 130G and a light receiving device 150.
- FIG. The light receiving device 150 has a pixel electrode 111d, a fourth layer 113d, a common layer 114, and a common electrode 115 which are stacked.
- Embodiments 2 and 7 can be referred to for details of the display device including the light receiving device.
- a display device 100B shown in FIG. 21 has a structure in which a transistor 310A and a transistor 310B each having a channel formed in a semiconductor substrate are stacked.
- the description of the same parts as those of the previously described display device may be omitted.
- the display device 100B has a structure in which a substrate 301B provided with a transistor 310B, a capacitor 240, and a light emitting device and a substrate 301A provided with a transistor 310A are bonded together.
- an insulating layer 345 on the lower surface of the substrate 301B.
- an insulating layer 346 is preferably provided over the insulating layer 261 provided over the substrate 301A.
- the insulating layers 345 and 346 are insulating layers that function as protective layers, and can suppress diffusion of impurities into the substrates 301B and 301A.
- an inorganic insulating film that can be used for the protective layer 131 or the insulating layer 332 described later can be used.
- the substrate 301B is provided with a plug 343 penetrating through the substrate 301B and the insulating layer 345 .
- an insulating layer 344 covering the side surface of the plug 343 .
- the insulating layer 344 is an insulating layer that functions as a protective layer and can suppress diffusion of impurities into the substrate 301B.
- an inorganic insulating film that can be used for the protective layer 131 can be used.
- a conductive layer 342 is provided under the insulating layer 345 on the back surface side (surface opposite to the substrate 120 side) of the substrate 301B.
- the conductive layer 342 is preferably embedded in the insulating layer 335 .
- the lower surfaces of the conductive layer 342 and the insulating layer 335 are preferably planarized.
- the conductive layer 342 is electrically connected with the plug 343 .
- the conductive layer 341 is provided on the insulating layer 346 on the substrate 301A.
- the conductive layer 341 is preferably embedded in the insulating layer 336 . It is preferable that top surfaces of the conductive layer 341 and the insulating layer 336 be planarized.
- the substrate 301A and the substrate 301B are electrically connected.
- the conductive layer 341 and the conductive layer 342 are bonded together. can be improved.
- the same conductive material is preferably used for the conductive layers 341 and 342 .
- a metal film containing an element selected from Al, Cr, Cu, Ta, Ti, Mo, and W, or a metal nitride film (titanium nitride film, molybdenum nitride film, tungsten nitride film) containing the above elements as components etc. can be used.
- copper is preferably used for the conductive layers 341 and 342 .
- a Cu—Cu (copper-copper) direct bonding technique (a technique for achieving electrical continuity by connecting Cu (copper) pads) can be applied.
- a display device 100 ⁇ /b>C shown in FIG. 22 has a configuration in which a conductive layer 341 and a conductive layer 342 are bonded via bumps 347 .
- the conductive layers 341 and 342 can be electrically connected.
- the bumps 347 can be formed using a conductive material containing, for example, gold (Au), nickel (Ni), indium (In), tin (Sn), or the like. Also, for example, solder may be used as the bumps 347 . Further, an adhesive layer 348 may be provided between the insulating layer 345 and the insulating layer 346 . Further, when the bump 347 is provided, the insulating layer 335 and the insulating layer 336 may not be provided.
- Display device 100D A display device 100D shown in FIG. 23 is mainly different from the display device 100A in that the configuration of transistors is different.
- the transistor 320 is a transistor (OS transistor) in which a metal oxide (also referred to as an oxide semiconductor) is applied to a semiconductor layer in which a channel is formed.
- OS transistor a transistor in which a metal oxide (also referred to as an oxide semiconductor) is applied to a semiconductor layer in which a channel is formed.
- the transistor 320 has a semiconductor layer 321 , an insulating layer 323 , a conductive layer 324 , a pair of conductive layers 325 , an insulating layer 326 , and a conductive layer 327 .
- the substrate 331 corresponds to the substrate 291 in FIGS. 19A and 19B.
- a stacked structure from the substrate 331 to the insulating layer 255c corresponds to the layer 101 including the transistor in Embodiment 1.
- the substrate 331 an insulating substrate or a semiconductor substrate can be used.
- An insulating layer 332 is provided over the substrate 331 .
- the insulating layer 332 functions as a barrier layer that prevents impurities such as water or hydrogen from diffusing from the substrate 331 into the transistor 320 and oxygen from the semiconductor layer 321 toward the insulating layer 332 side.
- a film into which hydrogen or oxygen is less likely to diffuse than a silicon oxide film such as an aluminum oxide film, a hafnium oxide film, or a silicon nitride film, can be used.
- a conductive layer 327 is provided over the insulating layer 332 and an insulating layer 326 is provided to cover the conductive layer 327 .
- the conductive layer 327 functions as a first gate electrode of the transistor 320, and part of the insulating layer 326 functions as a first gate insulating layer.
- An oxide insulating film such as a silicon oxide film is preferably used for at least a portion of the insulating layer 326 that is in contact with the semiconductor layer 321 .
- the upper surface of the insulating layer 326 is preferably planarized.
- the semiconductor layer 321 is provided over the insulating layer 326 .
- the semiconductor layer 321 preferably has a metal oxide (oxide semiconductor) film having semiconductor properties.
- a pair of conductive layers 325 is provided on and in contact with the semiconductor layer 321 and functions as a source electrode and a drain electrode.
- An insulating layer 328 is provided to cover the top and side surfaces of the pair of conductive layers 325 , the side surface of the semiconductor layer 321 , and the like, and the insulating layer 264 is provided over the insulating layer 328 .
- the insulating layer 328 functions as a barrier layer that prevents impurities such as water or hydrogen from diffusing into the semiconductor layer 321 from the insulating layer 264 or the like and oxygen from leaving the semiconductor layer 321 .
- an insulating film similar to the insulating layer 332 can be used as the insulating layer 328.
- An opening reaching the semiconductor layer 321 is provided in the insulating layer 328 and the insulating layer 264 .
- the insulating layer 323 and the conductive layer 324 are buried in contact with the side surfaces of the insulating layer 264 , the insulating layer 328 , and the conductive layer 325 and the top surface of the semiconductor layer 321 .
- the conductive layer 324 functions as a second gate electrode, and the insulating layer 323 functions as a second gate insulating layer.
- the top surface of the conductive layer 324, the top surface of the insulating layer 323, and the top surface of the insulating layer 264 are planarized so that their heights are the same or substantially the same, and the insulating layers 329 and 265 are provided to cover them. ing.
- the insulating layers 264 and 265 function as interlayer insulating layers.
- the insulating layer 329 functions as a barrier layer that prevents impurities such as water or hydrogen from diffusing into the transistor 320 from the insulating layer 265 or the like.
- an insulating film similar to the insulating layers 328 and 332 can be used.
- a plug 274 electrically connected to one of the pair of conductive layers 325 is provided so as to be embedded in the insulating layers 265 , 329 , and 264 .
- the plug 274 includes a conductive layer 274a that covers the side surfaces of the openings of the insulating layers 265, the insulating layers 329, the insulating layers 264, and the insulating layer 328 and part of the top surface of the conductive layer 325, and the conductive layer 274a. It is preferable to have a conductive layer 274b in contact with the top surface. At this time, a conductive material into which hydrogen and oxygen are difficult to diffuse is preferably used for the conductive layer 274a.
- a display device 100E illustrated in FIG. 24 has a structure in which a transistor 320A and a transistor 320B each including an oxide semiconductor as a semiconductor in which a channel is formed are stacked.
- the display device 100D can be used for the structure of the transistor 320A, the transistor 320B, and their peripherals.
- transistors each including an oxide semiconductor are stacked here, the structure is not limited to this.
- a structure in which three or more transistors are stacked may be employed.
- a display device 100F illustrated in FIG. 25 has a structure in which a transistor 310 in which a channel is formed over a substrate 301 and a transistor 320 including a metal oxide in a semiconductor layer in which the channel is formed are stacked.
- An insulating layer 261 is provided to cover the transistor 310 , and a conductive layer 251 is provided over the insulating layer 261 .
- An insulating layer 262 is provided to cover the conductive layer 251 , and the conductive layer 252 is provided over the insulating layer 262 .
- the conductive layers 251 and 252 each function as wirings.
- An insulating layer 263 and an insulating layer 332 are provided to cover the conductive layer 252 , and the transistor 320 is provided over the insulating layer 332 .
- An insulating layer 265 is provided to cover the transistor 320 and a capacitor 240 is provided over the insulating layer 265 . Capacitor 240 and transistor 320 are electrically connected by plug 274 .
- the transistor 320 can be used as a transistor forming a pixel circuit. Further, the transistor 310 can be used as a transistor forming a pixel circuit or a transistor forming a driver circuit (a gate line driver circuit or a source line driver circuit) for driving the pixel circuit. Further, the transistors 310 and 320 can be used as transistors included in various circuits such as an arithmetic circuit and a memory circuit.
- FIG. 26 shows a perspective view of the display device 100G
- FIG. 27A shows a cross-sectional view of the display device 100G.
- the display device 100G has a configuration in which a substrate 152 and a substrate 151 are bonded together.
- the substrate 152 is clearly indicated by dashed lines.
- the display device 100G includes a display portion 162, a connection portion 140, a circuit 164, wirings 165, and the like.
- FIG. 26 shows an example in which an IC 173 and an FPC 172 are mounted on the display device 100G. Therefore, the configuration shown in FIG. 26 can also be said to be a display module including the display device 100G, an IC (integrated circuit), and an FPC.
- the connecting portion 140 is provided outside the display portion 162 .
- the connection portion 140 can be provided along one side or a plurality of sides of the display portion 162 .
- the number of connection parts 140 may be singular or plural.
- FIG. 26 shows an example in which connecting portions 140 are provided so as to surround the four sides of the display portion.
- the connection part 140 the common electrode of the light emitting device and the conductive layer are electrically connected, and a potential can be supplied to the common electrode.
- a scanning line driver circuit can be used.
- the wiring 165 has a function of supplying signals and power to the display portion 162 and the circuit 164 .
- the signal and power are input to the wiring 165 from the outside through the FPC 172 or from the IC 173 .
- FIG. 26 shows an example in which the IC 173 is provided on the substrate 151 by a COG (Chip On Glass) method, a COF (Chip on Film) method, or the like.
- a COG Chip On Glass
- COF Chip on Film
- the IC 173 for example, an IC having a scanning line driver circuit or a signal line driver circuit can be applied.
- the display device 100G and the display module may be configured without an IC.
- the IC may be mounted on the FPC by the COF method or the like.
- part of the area including the FPC 172, part of the circuit 164, part of the display part 162, part of the connection part 140, and part of the area including the end of the display device 100G are cut off.
- An example of a cross section is shown.
- a display device 100G illustrated in FIG. 27A includes a transistor 201 and a transistor 205, a light-emitting device 130R that emits red light, a light-emitting device 130G that emits green light, a light-emitting device 130B, and the like, between substrates 151 and 152. .
- the light-emitting devices 130R, 130G, and 130B each have the laminated structure shown in FIG. 3B, except that the configuration of the pixel electrode is different.
- Embodiment 1 can be referred to for details of the light-emitting device.
- the light emitting device 130R has a conductive layer 112a, a conductive layer 126a on the conductive layer 112a, and a conductive layer 129a on the conductive layer 126a. All of the conductive layers 112a, 126a, and 129a can be called pixel electrodes, and some of them can be called pixel electrodes.
- Light emitting device 130G has conductive layer 112b, conductive layer 126b on conductive layer 112b, and conductive layer 129b on conductive layer 126b.
- the light emitting device 130B has a conductive layer 112c, a conductive layer 126c on the conductive layer 112c, and a conductive layer 129c on the conductive layer 126c.
- the conductive layer 112 a is connected to the conductive layer 222 b included in the transistor 205 through an opening provided in the insulating layer 214 .
- the end of the conductive layer 126a is located outside the end of the conductive layer 112a.
- the end of the conductive layer 126a and the end of the conductive layer 129a are aligned or substantially aligned.
- a conductive layer functioning as a reflective electrode can be used for the conductive layers 112a and 126a
- a conductive layer functioning as a transparent electrode can be used for the conductive layer 129a.
- the conductive layers 112b, 126b, and 129b in the light-emitting device 130G and the conductive layers 112c, 126c, and 129c in the light-emitting device 130B are the same as the conductive layers 112a, 126a, and 129a in the light-emitting device 130R, so detailed description thereof is omitted. .
- Concave portions are formed in the conductive layers 112 a , 112 b , and 112 c so as to cover the openings provided in the insulating layer 214 .
- a layer 128 is embedded in the recess.
- the layer 128 has the function of planarizing recesses of the conductive layers 112a, 112b, 112c.
- Conductive layers 126a, 126b, and 126c electrically connected to the conductive layers 112a, 112b, and 112c are provided over the conductive layers 112a, 112b, and 112c and the layer 128, respectively. Therefore, regions overlapping with the concave portions of the conductive layers 112a, 112b, and 112c can also be used as light emitting regions, and the aperture ratio of pixels can be increased.
- Layer 128 may be an insulating layer or a conductive layer.
- Various inorganic insulating materials, organic insulating materials, and conductive materials can be used as appropriate for layer 128 .
- layer 128 is preferably formed using an insulating material, and particularly preferably formed using an organic insulating material.
- an organic insulating material that can be used for the insulating layer 127 described above can be applied.
- the top and side surfaces of the conductive layers 126a and 129a are covered with the first layer 113a.
- the top and side surfaces of the conductive layers 126b and 129b are covered with the second layer 113b
- the top and side surfaces of the conductive layers 126c and 129c are covered with the third layer 113c. Therefore, the entire regions where the conductive layers 126a, 126b, and 126c are provided can be used as the light-emitting regions of the light-emitting devices 130R, 130G, and 130B, so that the aperture ratio of pixels can be increased.
- a portion of the upper surface and side surfaces of the first layer 113a, the second layer 113b, and the third layer 113c are covered with insulating layers 125 and 127, respectively.
- a mask layer 118a is located between the first layer 113a and the insulating layer 125 .
- a mask layer 118 b is positioned between the second layer 113 b and the insulating layer 125
- a mask layer 118 c is positioned between the third layer 113 c and the insulating layer 125 .
- a common layer 114 is provided over the first layer 113 a , the second layer 113 b , the third layer 113 c , and the insulating layers 125 and 127 , and the common electrode 115 is provided over the common layer 114 .
- Each of the common layer 114 and the common electrode 115 is a series of films provided in common to a plurality of light emitting devices.
- a protective layer 131 is provided on the light emitting devices 130R, 130G, and 130B.
- the protective layer 131 and the substrate 152 are adhered via the adhesive layer 142 .
- a light shielding layer 117 is provided on the substrate 152 .
- a solid sealing structure, a hollow sealing structure, or the like can be applied to sealing the light-emitting device.
- the space between substrates 152 and 151 is filled with an adhesive layer 142 to apply a solid sealing structure.
- the space may be filled with an inert gas (such as nitrogen or argon) to apply a hollow sealing structure.
- the adhesive layer 142 may be provided so as not to overlap the light emitting device.
- the space may be filled with a resin different from the adhesive layer 142 provided in a frame shape.
- a conductive layer 123 is provided over the insulating layer 214 in the connection portion 140 .
- the conductive layer 123 includes a conductive film obtained by processing the same conductive film as the conductive layers 112a, 112b, and 112c and a conductive film obtained by processing the same conductive film as the conductive layers 126a, 126b, and 126c. , and a conductive film obtained by processing the same conductive film as the conductive layers 129a, 129b, and 129c.
- the ends of the conductive layer 123 are covered with a mask layer 118 a , an insulating layer 125 and an insulating layer 127 .
- a common layer 114 is provided over the conductive layer 123 , and a common electrode 115 is provided over the common layer 114 .
- the conductive layer 123 and the common electrode 115 are electrically connected through the common layer 114 .
- the common layer 114 may not be formed in the connecting portion 140 . In this case, the conductive layer 123 and the common electrode 115 are directly contacted and electrically connected.
- the display device 100G is of a top emission type. Light emitted by the light emitting device is emitted to the substrate 152 side. A material having high visible light transmittance is preferably used for the substrate 152 .
- the pixel electrode contains a material that reflects visible light, and the counter electrode (common electrode 115) contains a material that transmits visible light.
- a stacked structure from the substrate 151 to the insulating layer 214 corresponds to the layer 101 including the transistor in Embodiment 1.
- FIG. 1 A stacked structure from the substrate 151 to the insulating layer 214 corresponds to the layer 101 including the transistor in Embodiment 1.
- Both the transistor 201 and the transistor 205 are formed over the substrate 151 . These transistors can be made with the same material and the same process.
- An insulating layer 211 , an insulating layer 213 , an insulating layer 215 , and an insulating layer 214 are provided in this order over the substrate 151 .
- Part of the insulating layer 211 functions as a gate insulating layer of each transistor.
- Part of the insulating layer 213 functions as a gate insulating layer of each transistor.
- An insulating layer 215 is provided over the transistor.
- An insulating layer 214 is provided over the transistor and functions as a planarization layer. Note that the number of gate insulating layers and the number of insulating layers covering a transistor are not limited, and each may have a single layer or two or more layers.
- a material into which impurities such as water and hydrogen are difficult to diffuse is preferably used for at least one insulating layer covering the transistor. This allows the insulating layer to function as a barrier layer. With such a structure, diffusion of impurities from the outside into the transistor can be effectively suppressed, and the reliability of the display device can be improved.
- An inorganic insulating film is preferably used for each of the insulating layers 211 , 213 , and 215 .
- the inorganic insulating film for example, a silicon nitride film, a silicon oxynitride film, a silicon oxide film, a silicon oxynitride film, an aluminum oxide film, an aluminum nitride film, or the like can be used.
- a hafnium oxide film, an yttrium oxide film, a zirconium oxide film, a gallium oxide film, a tantalum oxide film, a magnesium oxide film, a lanthanum oxide film, a cerium oxide film, a neodymium oxide film, or the like may be used.
- two or more of the insulating films described above may be laminated and used.
- An organic insulating layer is suitable for the insulating layer 214 that functions as a planarization layer.
- Materials that can be used for the organic insulating layer include acrylic resins, polyimide resins, epoxy resins, polyamide resins, polyimideamide resins, siloxane resins, benzocyclobutene-based resins, phenolic resins, precursors of these resins, and the like.
- the insulating layer 214 may have a laminated structure of an organic insulating layer and an inorganic insulating layer. The outermost layer of the insulating layer 214 preferably functions as an etching protection layer.
- the insulating layer 214 may be provided with recesses during processing of the conductive layer 112a, the conductive layer 126a, or the conductive layer 129a.
- the transistors 201 and 205 include a conductive layer 221 functioning as a gate, an insulating layer 211 functioning as a gate insulating layer, conductive layers 222a and 222b functioning as sources and drains, a semiconductor layer 231, and an insulating layer functioning as a gate insulating layer. It has a layer 213 and a conductive layer 223 that functions as a gate. Here, the same hatching pattern is applied to a plurality of layers obtained by processing the same conductive film.
- the insulating layer 211 is located between the conductive layer 221 and the semiconductor layer 231 .
- the insulating layer 213 is located between the conductive layer 223 and the semiconductor layer 231 .
- the structure of the transistor included in the display device of this embodiment there is no particular limitation on the structure of the transistor included in the display device of this embodiment.
- a planar transistor, a staggered transistor, an inverted staggered transistor, or the like can be used.
- the transistor structure may be either a top-gate type or a bottom-gate type.
- gates may be provided above and below a semiconductor layer in which a channel is formed.
- a structure in which a semiconductor layer in which a channel is formed is sandwiched between two gates is applied to the transistors 201 and 205 .
- a transistor may be driven by connecting two gates and applying the same signal to them.
- the threshold voltage of the transistor may be controlled by applying a potential for controlling the threshold voltage to one of the two gates and applying a potential for driving to the other.
- Crystallinity of a semiconductor material used for a transistor is not particularly limited, either an amorphous semiconductor or a semiconductor having crystallinity (a microcrystalline semiconductor, a polycrystalline semiconductor, a single crystal semiconductor, or a semiconductor partially including a crystal region). may be used. It is preferable to use a crystalline semiconductor because deterioration of transistor characteristics can be suppressed.
- a semiconductor layer of a transistor preferably includes a metal oxide (oxide semiconductor).
- the display device of this embodiment preferably uses a transistor (OS transistor) in which a metal oxide is used for a channel formation region.
- crystalline oxide semiconductors examples include CAAC (c-axis-aligned crystalline)-OS, nc (nanocrystalline)-OS, and the like.
- a transistor using silicon for a channel formation region may be used.
- silicon examples include monocrystalline silicon, polycrystalline silicon, amorphous silicon, and the like.
- a transistor including low-temperature polysilicon (LTPS) in a semiconductor layer hereinafter also referred to as an LTPS transistor
- the LTPS transistor has high field effect mobility and good frequency characteristics.
- a Si transistor such as an LTPS transistor
- a circuit that needs to be driven at a high frequency for example, a source driver circuit
- OS transistors have much higher field-effect mobility than transistors using amorphous silicon.
- an OS transistor has extremely low source-drain leakage current (hereinafter also referred to as an off-state current) in an off state, and can retain charge accumulated in a capacitor connected in series with the transistor for a long time. is possible. Further, by using the OS transistor, power consumption of the display device can be reduced.
- the amount of current flowing through the light emitting device it is necessary to increase the amount of current flowing through the light emitting device.
- the OS transistor when the transistor operates in the saturation region, the OS transistor can reduce the change in the source-drain current with respect to the change in the gate-source voltage as compared with the Si transistor. Therefore, by applying an OS transistor as a drive transistor included in a pixel circuit, the current flowing between the source and the drain can be finely determined according to the change in the voltage between the gate and the source. can be controlled. Therefore, it is possible to increase the gradation in the pixel circuit.
- the OS transistor flows a more stable current (saturation current) than the Si transistor even when the source-drain voltage gradually increases. be able to. Therefore, by using the OS transistor as the driving transistor, a stable current can be supplied to the light-emitting device even when the current-voltage characteristics of the EL device vary, for example. That is, when the OS transistor operates in the saturation region, even if the source-drain voltage is increased, the source-drain current hardly changes, so that the light emission luminance of the light-emitting device can be stabilized.
- an OS transistor as a driving transistor included in a pixel circuit, it is possible to suppress black floating, increase emission luminance, provide multiple gradations, and suppress variations in light emitting devices. can be planned.
- the semiconductor layer includes, for example, indium and M (M is gallium, aluminum, silicon, boron, yttrium, tin, copper, vanadium, beryllium, titanium, iron, nickel, germanium, zirconium, molybdenum, lanthanum, cerium, neodymium, one or more selected from hafnium, tantalum, tungsten, and magnesium) and zinc.
- M is preferably one or more selected from aluminum, gallium, yttrium, and tin.
- an oxide containing indium (In), gallium (Ga), and zinc (Zn) (also referred to as IGZO) is preferably used for the semiconductor layer.
- an oxide containing indium, tin, and zinc is preferably used.
- oxides containing indium, gallium, tin, and zinc are preferably used.
- an oxide containing indium (In), aluminum (Al), and zinc (Zn) (also referred to as IAZO) is preferably used.
- an oxide containing indium (In), aluminum (Al), gallium (Ga), and zinc (Zn) (also referred to as IAGZO) is preferably used.
- the In atomic ratio in the In-M-Zn oxide is preferably equal to or higher than the M atomic ratio.
- the transistors included in the circuit 164 and the transistors included in the display portion 162 may have the same structure or different structures.
- the plurality of transistors included in the circuit 164 may all have the same structure, or may have two or more types.
- the structures of the plurality of transistors included in the display portion 162 may all be the same, or may be of two or more types.
- All of the transistors in the display portion 162 may be OS transistors, all of the transistors in the display portion 162 may be Si transistors, or some of the transistors in the display portion 162 may be OS transistors and the rest may be Si transistors. good.
- LTPS transistors and OS transistors in the display portion 162
- a display device with low power consumption and high driving capability can be realized.
- a structure in which an LTPS transistor and an OS transistor are combined is sometimes called an LTPO.
- an OS transistor as a transistor or the like that functions as a switch for controlling conduction/non-conduction between wirings, and use an LTPS transistor as a transistor or the like that controls current.
- one of the transistors included in the display portion 162 functions as a transistor for controlling current flowing through the light-emitting device and can also be called a driving transistor.
- One of the source and drain of the driving transistor is electrically connected to the pixel electrode of the light emitting device.
- An LTPS transistor is preferably used as the driving transistor. This makes it possible to increase the current flowing through the light emitting device in the pixel circuit.
- the other transistor included in the display portion 162 functions as a switch for controlling selection/non-selection of pixels and can also be called a selection transistor.
- the gate of the selection transistor is electrically connected to the gate line, and one of the source and the drain is electrically connected to the source line (signal line).
- An OS transistor is preferably used as the selection transistor.
- the display device of one embodiment of the present invention can have high aperture ratio, high definition, high display quality, and low power consumption.
- the display device of one embodiment of the present invention includes an OS transistor and a light-emitting device with an MML (metal maskless) structure.
- MML metal maskless
- leakage current that can flow through the transistor and leakage current that can flow between adjacent light-emitting devices also referred to as lateral leakage current, side leakage current, or the like
- an observer can observe any one or more of sharpness of the image, sharpness of the image, high saturation, and high contrast ratio.
- a layer provided between light-emitting devices (for example, an organic layer commonly used between light-emitting devices, also referred to as a common layer) is Due to the divided structure, side leaks can be eliminated or extremely reduced.
- 27B and 27C show other configuration examples of the transistor.
- the transistor 209 and the transistor 210 each include a conductive layer 221 functioning as a gate, an insulating layer 211 functioning as a gate insulating layer, a semiconductor layer 231 having a channel formation region 231i and a pair of low-resistance regions 231n, and one of the pair of low-resistance regions 231n.
- a conductive layer 222a connected to a pair of low-resistance regions 231n, a conductive layer 222b connected to the other of a pair of low-resistance regions 231n, an insulating layer 225 functioning as a gate insulating layer, a conductive layer 223 functioning as a gate, and an insulating layer 215 covering the conductive layer 223 have
- the insulating layer 211 is located between the conductive layer 221 and the channel formation region 231i.
- the insulating layer 225 is located at least between the conductive layer 223 and the channel formation region 231i.
- an insulating layer 218 may be provided to cover the transistor.
- the transistor 209 illustrated in FIG. 27B illustrates an example in which the insulating layer 225 covers the top surface and side surfaces of the semiconductor layer 231 .
- the conductive layers 222a and 222b are connected to the low-resistance region 231n through openings provided in the insulating layers 225 and 215, respectively.
- One of the conductive layers 222a and 222b functions as a source and the other functions as a drain.
- the insulating layer 225 overlaps with the channel formation region 231i of the semiconductor layer 231 and does not overlap with the low resistance region 231n.
- the insulating layer 215 is provided to cover the insulating layer 225 and the conductive layer 223, and the conductive layers 222a and 222b are connected to the low resistance region 231n through openings in the insulating layer 215, respectively.
- a connection portion 204 is provided in a region of the substrate 151 where the substrate 152 does not overlap.
- the wiring 165 is electrically connected to the FPC 172 via the conductive layer 166 and the connecting layer 242 .
- the conductive layer 166 includes a conductive film obtained by processing the same conductive film as the conductive layers 112a, 112b, and 112c and a conductive film obtained by processing the same conductive film as the conductive layers 126a, 126b, and 126c. , and a conductive film obtained by processing the same conductive film as the conductive layers 129a, 129b, and 129c.
- the conductive layer 166 is exposed on the upper surface of the connecting portion 204 . Thereby, the connecting portion 204 and the FPC 172 can be electrically connected via the connecting layer 242 .
- a light shielding layer 117 is preferably provided on the surface of the substrate 152 on the substrate 151 side.
- the light shielding layer 117 can be provided between adjacent light emitting devices, the connection portion 140, the circuit 164, and the like. Also, various optical members can be arranged outside the substrate 152 .
- Materials that can be used for the substrate 120 can be used for the substrates 151 and 152, respectively.
- the adhesive layer 142 a material that can be used for the resin layer 122 can be applied.
- connection layer 242 an anisotropic conductive film (ACF), an anisotropic conductive paste (ACP), or the like can be used.
- ACF anisotropic conductive film
- ACP anisotropic conductive paste
- Display device 100H A display device 100H shown in FIG. 28A is mainly different from the display device 100G in that it is a bottom emission type display device.
- Light emitted by the light emitting device is emitted to the substrate 151 side.
- a material having high visible light transmittance is preferably used for the substrate 151 .
- the material used for the substrate 152 may or may not be translucent.
- a light-blocking layer 117 is preferably formed between the substrate 151 and the transistor 201 and between the substrate 151 and the transistor 205 .
- FIG. 28A shows an example in which the light-blocking layer 117 is provided over the substrate 151 , the insulating layer 153 is provided over the light-blocking layer 117 , and the transistors 201 and 205 and the like are provided over the insulating layer 153 .
- the light emitting device 130R has a conductive layer 112a, a conductive layer 126a on the conductive layer 112a, and a conductive layer 129a on the conductive layer 126a.
- Light emitting device 130G has conductive layer 112b, conductive layer 126b on conductive layer 112b, and conductive layer 129b on conductive layer 126b.
- a material having high visible light transmittance is used for each of the conductive layers 112a, 112b, 126a, 126b, 129a, and 129b.
- a material that reflects visible light is preferably used for the common electrode 115 .
- FIGS. 27A and 28A show an example in which the layer 128 has a flat portion on the upper surface, but the shape of the layer 128 is not particularly limited.
- a variation of layer 128 is shown in Figures 28B-28D.
- the upper surface of the layer 128 can be configured to have a shape in which the center and the vicinity thereof are depressed in a cross-sectional view, that is, a shape having a concave curved surface.
- the upper surface of the layer 128 can be configured to have a shape in which the center and the vicinity thereof bulge in a cross-sectional view, that is, have a convex curved surface.
- the top surface of layer 128 may have one or both of convex and concave surfaces.
- the number of convex curved surfaces and concave curved surfaces that the upper surface of the layer 128 has is not limited, and may be one or more.
- the height of the top surface of the layer 128 and the height of the top surface of the conductive layer 112a may be the same or substantially the same, or may be different from each other.
- the height of the top surface of layer 128 may be lower or higher than the height of the top surface of conductive layer 112a.
- FIG. 28B can also be said to be an example in which the layer 128 is accommodated inside a recess formed in the conductive layer 112a.
- the layer 128 may exist outside the recess formed in the conductive layer 112a, that is, the upper surface of the layer 128 may be wider than the recess.
- Display device 100J A display device 100J shown in FIG. 28A is mainly different from the display device 100G in that it has a light receiving device 150 .
- the light receiving device 150 has a conductive layer 112d, a conductive layer 126d on the conductive layer 112d, and a conductive layer 129d on the conductive layer 126d.
- the conductive layer 112 d is connected to the conductive layer 222 b included in the transistor 205 through an opening provided in the insulating layer 214 .
- the top and side surfaces of the conductive layer 126d and the top and side surfaces of the conductive layer 129d are covered with the fourth layer 113d.
- the fourth layer 113d has at least an active layer.
- a portion of the upper surface and side surfaces of the fourth layer 113 d are covered with insulating layers 125 and 127 .
- insulating layers 125 and 127 Between the fourth layer 113d and the insulating layer 125 is a mask layer 118d.
- a common layer 114 is provided over the fourth layer 113 d and the insulating layers 125 and 127 , and a common electrode 115 is provided over the common layer 114 .
- the common layer 114 is a continuous film that is commonly provided for the light receiving device and the light emitting device.
- the display device 100J for example, the pixel layout shown in FIGS. 18A to 18K described in Embodiment 4 can be applied. Further, Embodiments 2 and 7 can be referred to for details of the display device including the light receiving device.
- SBS Scheme By Side
- the emission color of the light emitting device can be red, green, blue, cyan, magenta, yellow, white, or the like.
- color purity can be enhanced by providing a light-emitting device with a microcavity structure.
- the light emitting device has an EL layer 763 between a pair of electrodes (lower electrode 761 and upper electrode 762).
- EL layer 763 can be composed of multiple layers, such as layer 780 , light-emitting layer 771 , and layer 790 .
- the light-emitting layer 771 includes at least a light-emitting substance (also referred to as a light-emitting material).
- the layer 780 includes a layer containing a substance with high hole injection property (hole injection layer), a layer containing a substance with high hole transport property (positive hole-transporting layer) and a layer containing a highly electron-blocking substance (electron-blocking layer).
- the layer 790 includes a layer containing a substance with high electron injection properties (electron injection layer), a layer containing a substance with high electron transport properties (electron transport layer), and a layer containing a substance with high hole blocking properties (positive layer). pore blocking layer).
- a structure having layer 780, light-emitting layer 771, and layer 790 provided between a pair of electrodes can function as a single light-emitting unit, and the structure of FIG. 30A is referred to herein as a single structure.
- FIG. 30B is a modification of the EL layer 763 included in the light emitting device shown in FIG. 30A. Specifically, the light-emitting device shown in FIG. It has a top layer 792 and a top electrode 762 on layer 792 .
- layer 781 is a hole injection layer
- layer 782 is a hole transport layer
- layer 791 is an electron transport layer
- layer 792 is an electron injection layer.
- the layer 781 is an electron injection layer
- the layer 782 is an electron transport layer
- the layer 791 is a hole transport layer
- the layer 792 is a hole injection layer.
- a configuration in which a plurality of light-emitting layers (light-emitting layers 771, 772, and 773) are provided between layers 780 and 790 is also a variation of the single structure.
- tandem structure a structure in which a plurality of light emitting units (EL layers 763a and 763b) are connected in series via an intermediate layer 785 is referred to as a tandem structure in this specification.
- the tandem structure may also be called a stack structure. Note that the tandem structure enables a light-emitting device capable of emitting light with high luminance.
- the light-emitting layers 771, 772, and 773 may be made of a light-emitting material that emits the same color of light, or even the same light-emitting material.
- a light-emitting substance that emits blue light may be used for the light-emitting layers 771 , 772 , and 773 .
- a color conversion layer may be provided as layer 764 shown in FIG. 30D.
- light-emitting substances that emit light of different colors may be used for the light-emitting layers 771, 772, and 773, respectively.
- white light emission can be obtained.
- a color filter also referred to as a colored layer
- a desired color of light can be obtained by passing the white light through the color filter.
- a light-emitting device that emits white light preferably contains two or more types of light-emitting substances.
- two or more light-emitting substances may be selected so that the light emission of each light-emitting substance has a complementary color relationship.
- the emission color of the first light-emitting layer and the emission color of the second light-emitting layer have a complementary color relationship, it is possible to obtain a light-emitting device that emits white light as a whole. The same applies to light-emitting devices having three or more light-emitting layers.
- the light-emitting layer 771 and the light-emitting layer 772 may be made of a light-emitting material that emits light of the same color, or may be the same light-emitting material.
- light-emitting substances that emit light of different colors may be used for the light-emitting layers 771 and 772 .
- the light emitted from the light-emitting layer 771 and the light emitted from the light-emitting layer 772 are complementary colors, white light emission is obtained.
- FIG. 30F shows an example in which an additional layer 764 is provided. As the layer 764, one or both of a color conversion layer and a color filter (colored layer) can be used.
- the layers 780 and 790 may each independently have a laminated structure consisting of two or more layers.
- a conductive film that transmits visible light is used for the electrode on the light extraction side of the lower electrode 761 and the upper electrode 762 .
- a conductive film that reflects visible light is preferably used for the electrode on the side from which light is not extracted.
- the display device has a light-emitting device that emits infrared light
- a conductive film that transmits visible light and infrared light is used for the electrode on the side from which light is extracted
- a conductive film is used for the electrode on the side that does not extract light.
- a conductive film that reflects visible light and infrared light is preferably used.
- a conductive film that transmits visible light may also be used for the electrode on the side from which light is not extracted.
- the electrode is preferably placed between the reflective layer and the EL layer 763 . That is, the light emitted from the EL layer 763 may be reflected by the reflective layer and extracted from the display device.
- metals, alloys, electrically conductive compounds, mixtures thereof, and the like can be appropriately used.
- ITO In—Si—Sn oxide
- ITSO In—Zn oxide
- dium zinc oxide In—W—Zn oxide
- Aluminum-containing alloys aluminum alloys
- Al-Ni-La alloys of aluminum, nickel, and lanthanum
- APC alloys of silver, palladium and copper
- elements belonging to Group 1 or Group 2 of the periodic table of elements not exemplified above e.g., lithium (Li), cesium (Cs), calcium (Ca), strontium (Sr)), europium (Eu), ytterbium
- Yb rare earth metal
- an alloy containing an appropriate combination thereof, graphene, or the like can be used.
- the light-emitting device preferably employs a micro-optical resonator (microcavity) structure. Therefore, one of the pair of electrodes of the light-emitting device preferably has an electrode (semi-transmissive/semi-reflective electrode) that is transparent and reflective to visible light, and the other is an electrode that is reflective to visible light ( reflective electrode). Since the light-emitting device has a microcavity structure, the light emitted from the light-emitting layer can be resonated between both electrodes, and the light emitted from the light-emitting device can be enhanced.
- microcavity micro-optical resonator
- the semi-transmissive/semi-reflective electrode can have a laminated structure of a reflective electrode and an electrode (also referred to as a transparent electrode) having transparency to visible light.
- the light transmittance of the transparent electrode is set to 40% or more.
- the light-emitting device preferably uses an electrode having a transmittance of 40% or more for visible light (light with a wavelength of 400 nm or more and less than 750 nm).
- the visible light reflectance of the semi-transmissive/semi-reflective electrode is 10% or more and 95% or less, preferably 30% or more and 80% or less.
- the visible light reflectance of the reflective electrode is 40% or more and 100% or less, preferably 70% or more and 100% or less.
- the resistivity of these electrodes is preferably 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 2 ⁇ cm or less.
- Both low-molecular-weight compounds and high-molecular-weight compounds can be used in the light-emitting device, and inorganic compounds may be included.
- Each of the layers constituting the light-emitting device can be formed by a vapor deposition method (including a vacuum vapor deposition method), a transfer method, a printing method, an inkjet method, a coating method, or the like.
- the emissive layer can have one or more emissive materials.
- a substance emitting light of blue, purple, blue-violet, green, yellow-green, yellow, orange, red, or the like is used as appropriate.
- a substance that emits near-infrared light can be used as the light-emitting substance.
- Luminescent materials include fluorescent materials, phosphorescent materials, TADF materials, quantum dot materials, and the like.
- fluorescent materials include pyrene derivatives, anthracene derivatives, triphenylene derivatives, fluorene derivatives, carbazole derivatives, dibenzothiophene derivatives, dibenzofuran derivatives, dibenzoquinoxaline derivatives, quinoxaline derivatives, pyridine derivatives, pyrimidine derivatives, phenanthrene derivatives, and naphthalene derivatives. mentioned.
- Examples of phosphorescent materials include organometallic complexes (especially iridium complexes) having a 4H-triazole skeleton, 1H-triazole skeleton, imidazole skeleton, pyrimidine skeleton, pyrazine skeleton, or pyridine skeleton, and phenylpyridine derivatives having an electron-withdrawing group.
- organometallic complexes especially iridium complexes
- platinum complexes, rare earth metal complexes, and the like, which serve as ligands, can be mentioned.
- the light-emitting layer may contain one or more organic compounds (host material, assist material, etc.) in addition to the light-emitting substance (guest material).
- organic compounds host material, assist material, etc.
- One or both of a highly hole-transporting substance (hole-transporting material) and a highly electron-transporting substance (electron-transporting material) can be used as the one or more organic compounds.
- Bipolar materials or TADF materials may also be used as one or more organic compounds.
- the light-emitting layer preferably includes, for example, a phosphorescent material and a combination of a hole-transporting material and an electron-transporting material that easily form an exciplex.
- a phosphorescent material preferably includes, for example, a phosphorescent material and a combination of a hole-transporting material and an electron-transporting material that easily form an exciplex.
- ExTET which is energy transfer from an exciplex to a light-emitting substance (phosphorescent material)
- energy transfer becomes smooth and light emission can be efficiently obtained. With this configuration, high efficiency, low-voltage driving, and long life of the light-emitting device can be realized at the same time.
- the EL layer 763 includes, as layers other than the light-emitting layer, a substance with a high hole-injection property, a substance with a high hole-transport property, a hole-blocking material, a substance with a high electron-transport property, a substance with a high electron-injection property, and an electron-blocking material. , a layer containing a bipolar substance (a substance with high electron-transport properties and high hole-transport properties), or the like.
- the hole-injecting layer is a layer that injects holes from the anode to the hole-transporting layer, and contains a material with high hole-injecting properties.
- highly hole-injecting materials include aromatic amine compounds and composite materials containing a hole-transporting material and an acceptor material (electron-accepting material).
- the hole-transporting layer is a layer that transports holes injected from the anode to the light-emitting layer by means of the hole-injecting layer.
- a hole-transporting layer is a layer containing a hole-transporting material.
- a substance having a hole mobility of 10 ⁇ 6 cm 2 /Vs or more is preferable as the hole-transporting material. Note that substances other than these can be used as long as they have a higher hole-transport property than electron-transport property.
- hole-transporting materials include ⁇ -electron-rich heteroaromatic compounds (e.g., carbazole derivatives, thiophene derivatives, furan derivatives, etc.), aromatic amines (compounds having an aromatic amine skeleton), and other highly hole-transporting materials. is preferred.
- ⁇ -electron-rich heteroaromatic compounds e.g., carbazole derivatives, thiophene derivatives, furan derivatives, etc.
- aromatic amines compounds having an aromatic amine skeleton
- other highly hole-transporting materials is preferred.
- the electron-transporting layer is a layer that transports electrons injected from the cathode to the light-emitting layer by the electron-injecting layer.
- the electron-transporting layer is a layer containing an electron-transporting material.
- an electron-transporting material a substance having an electron mobility of 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 cm 2 /Vs or more is preferable. Note that substances other than these substances can be used as long as they have a higher electron-transport property than hole-transport property.
- electron-transporting materials include metal complexes having a quinoline skeleton, metal complexes having a benzoquinoline skeleton, metal complexes having an oxazole skeleton, metal complexes having a thiazole skeleton, oxadiazole derivatives, triazole derivatives, imidazole derivatives, ⁇ electron deficient including oxazole derivatives, thiazole derivatives, phenanthroline derivatives, quinoline derivatives with quinoline ligands, benzoquinoline derivatives, quinoxaline derivatives, dibenzoquinoxaline derivatives, pyridine derivatives, bipyridine derivatives, pyrimidine derivatives, and other nitrogen-containing heteroaromatic compounds
- a material having a high electron transport property such as a type heteroaromatic compound can be used.
- the electron injection layer is a layer that injects electrons from the cathode into the electron transport layer, and is a layer containing a material with high electron injection properties.
- Alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, or compounds thereof can be used as materials with high electron injection properties.
- a composite material containing an electron-transporting material and a donor material (electron-donating material) can also be used as a material with high electron-injecting properties.
- the LUMO level of the material with high electron injection properties has a small difference (specifically, 0.5 eV or less) from the value of the work function of the material used for the cathode.
- the electron injection layer includes, for example, lithium, cesium, ytterbium, lithium fluoride (LiF), cesium fluoride (CsF), calcium fluoride (CaF x , X is an arbitrary number), 8-(quinolinolato)lithium (abbreviation: Liq), 2-(2-pyridyl)phenoratritium (abbreviation: LiPP), 2-(2-pyridyl)-3-pyridinolatritium (abbreviation: LiPPy), 4-phenyl-2-(2-pyridyl)pheno Alkali metals such as latolithium (abbreviation: LiPPP), lithium oxide (LiO x ), cesium carbonate, alkaline earth metals, or compounds thereof can be used.
- the electron injection layer may have a laminated structure of two or more layers. Examples of the laminated structure include a structure in which lithium fluoride is used for the first layer and ytterbium is provided for the second layer.
- the electron injection layer may have an electron-transporting material.
- a compound having a lone pair of electrons and an electron-deficient heteroaromatic ring can be used as the electron-transporting material.
- a compound having at least one of a pyridine ring, diazine ring (pyrimidine ring, pyrazine ring, pyridazine ring), and triazine ring can be used.
- the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) level of an organic compound having an unshared electron pair is preferably ⁇ 3.6 eV or more and ⁇ 2.3 eV or less.
- CV cyclic voltammetry
- photoelectron spectroscopy optical absorption spectroscopy
- inverse photoemission spectroscopy etc. are used to determine the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) level and LUMO level of an organic compound. can be estimated.
- BPhen 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline
- NBPhen 2,9-di(naphthalen-2-yl)-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline
- HATNA diquinoxalino [2,3-a:2′,3′-c]phenazine
- TmPPPyTz 2,4,6-tris[3′-(pyridin-3-yl)biphenyl-3-yl]-1,3 , 5-triazine
- an intermediate layer (also referred to as a charge-generating layer) is provided between two light-emitting units.
- the intermediate layer has a function of injecting electrons into one of the two light-emitting units and holes into the other when a voltage is applied between the pair of electrodes.
- a material applicable to the hole injection layer can be suitably used.
- a layer containing a hole-transporting material and an acceptor material can be used for the intermediate layer.
- Materials applicable to the electron injection layer can be suitably used for the intermediate layer.
- a layer containing an electron-transporting material and a donor material can be used for the intermediate layer.
- a pn-type or pin-type photodiode can be used as the light receiving device.
- a light-receiving device functions as a photoelectric conversion device (photoelectric conversion element) that detects light incident on the light-receiving device and generates an electric charge. The amount of charge generated from the light receiving device is determined based on the amount of light incident on the light receiving device.
- organic photodiode having a layer containing an organic compound as the light receiving device.
- Organic photodiodes can be easily made thinner, lighter, and larger, and have a high degree of freedom in shape and design, so that they can be applied to various display devices.
- the light receiving device has a layer 765 between a pair of electrodes (lower electrode 761 and upper electrode 762).
- Layer 765 has at least one active layer and may have other layers.
- FIG. 31B is a modification of the layer 765 included in the light receiving device shown in FIG. 31A. Specifically, the light-receiving device shown in FIG. have.
- the active layer 767 functions as a photoelectric conversion layer.
- layer 766 comprises a hole transport layer and/or an electron blocking layer.
- Layer 768 also includes one or both of an electron-transporting layer and a hole-blocking layer.
- a layer shared by the light-receiving device and the light-emitting device may exist.
- Such layers may have different functions in light-emitting devices than in light-receiving devices.
- Components are sometimes referred to herein based on their function in the light emitting device.
- a hole-injecting layer functions as a hole-injecting layer in light-emitting devices and as a hole-transporting layer in light-receiving devices.
- an electron-injecting layer functions as an electron-injecting layer in light-emitting devices and as an electron-transporting layer in light-receiving devices.
- a layer shared by the light-receiving device and the light-emitting device may have the same function in the light-emitting device as in the light-receiving device.
- a hole-transporting layer functions as a hole-transporting layer in both a light-emitting device and a light-receiving device
- an electron-transporting layer functions as an electron-transporting layer in both a light-emitting device and a light-receiving device.
- Either a low-molecular-weight compound or a high-molecular-weight compound can be used for the light-receiving device, and an inorganic compound may be included.
- the layers constituting the light-receiving device can be formed by methods such as a vapor deposition method (including a vacuum vapor deposition method), a transfer method, a printing method, an inkjet method, and a coating method.
- the active layer of the light receiving device contains a semiconductor.
- the semiconductor include inorganic semiconductors such as silicon and organic semiconductors including organic compounds.
- an organic semiconductor is used as the semiconductor included in the active layer.
- the light-emitting layer and the active layer can be formed by the same method (for example, a vacuum deposition method), and a manufacturing apparatus can be shared, which is preferable.
- Electron-accepting organic semiconductor materials such as fullerenes (eg, C60 fullerene, C70 fullerene, etc.) and fullerene derivatives can be used as n-type semiconductor materials for the active layer.
- fullerene derivatives include [6,6]-phenyl- C71 -butyric acid methyl ester (abbreviation: PC71BM), [6,6]-phenyl- C61 -butyric acid methyl ester (abbreviation: PC61BM), 1', 1′′,4′,4′′-tetrahydro-di[1,4]methanonaphthaleno[1,2:2′,3′,56,60:2′′,3′′][5,6]fullerene- and C 60 (abbreviation: ICBA).
- PC71BM [6,6]-phenyl- C71 -butyric acid methyl ester
- PC61BM [6,6]-phenyl- C61 -butyric acid methyl ester
- n-type semiconductor materials include perylenetetracarboxylic acid derivatives such as N,N′-dimethyl-3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic acid diimide (abbreviation: Me-PTCDI), and 2 ,2′-(5,5′-(thieno[3,2-b]thiophene-2,5-diyl)bis(thiophene-5,2-diyl))bis(methan-1-yl-1-ylidene) Dimalononitrile (abbreviation: FT2TDMN) can be mentioned.
- Me-PTCDI N,N′-dimethyl-3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic acid diimide
- FT2TDMN 2 ,2′-(5,5′-(thieno[3,2-b]thiophene-2,5-diyl)bis(thiophene-5,2-diyl))bis(methan-1-yl-1-ylid
- Materials for the n-type semiconductor include metal complexes having a quinoline skeleton, metal complexes having a benzoquinoline skeleton, metal complexes having an oxazole skeleton, metal complexes having a thiazole skeleton, oxadiazole derivatives, triazole derivatives, imidazole derivatives, Oxazole derivatives, thiazole derivatives, phenanthroline derivatives, quinoline derivatives, benzoquinoline derivatives, quinoxaline derivatives, dibenzoquinoxaline derivatives, pyridine derivatives, bipyridine derivatives, pyrimidine derivatives, naphthalene derivatives, anthracene derivatives, coumarin derivatives, rhodamine derivatives, triazine derivatives, and quinones derivatives and the like.
- Materials for the p-type semiconductor of the active layer include copper (II) phthalocyanine (abbreviation: CuPc), tetraphenyl dibenzoperiflanthene (abbreviation: DBP), zinc phthalocyanine (abbreviation: ZnPc), and tin (II) phthalocyanine (abbreviation: ZnPc). : SnPc), quinacridone, and electron-donating organic semiconductor materials such as rubrene.
- CuPc copper
- DBP tetraphenyl dibenzoperiflanthene
- ZnPc zinc phthalocyanine
- ZnPc tin (II) phthalocyanine
- SnPc quinacridone
- electron-donating organic semiconductor materials such as rubrene.
- Examples of p-type semiconductor materials include carbazole derivatives, thiophene derivatives, furan derivatives, and compounds having an aromatic amine skeleton.
- materials for p-type semiconductors include naphthalene derivatives, anthracene derivatives, pyrene derivatives, triphenylene derivatives, fluorene derivatives, pyrrole derivatives, benzofuran derivatives, benzothiophene derivatives, indole derivatives, dibenzofuran derivatives, dibenzothiophene derivatives, indolocarbazole derivatives, porphyrin derivatives, phthalocyanine derivatives, naphthalocyanine derivatives, quinacridone derivatives, rubrene derivatives, tetracene derivatives, polyphenylenevinylene derivatives, polyparaphenylene derivatives, polyfluorene derivatives, polyvinylcarbazole derivatives, and polythiophene derivatives.
- the HOMO level of the electron-donating organic semiconductor material is preferably shallower (higher) than the HOMO level of the electron-accepting organic semiconductor material.
- the LUMO level of the electron-donating organic semiconductor material is preferably shallower (higher) than the LUMO level of the electron-accepting organic semiconductor material.
- a spherical fullerene as the electron-accepting organic semiconductor material and an organic semiconductor material having a nearly planar shape as the electron-donating organic semiconductor material. Molecules with similar shapes tend to gather together, and when molecules of the same type aggregate, the energy levels of the molecular orbitals are close to each other, so the carrier transportability can be enhanced.
- 6-diyl]-2,5-thiophenediyl[5,7-bis(2-ethylhexyl)-4,8-dioxo-4H,8H-benzo[1,2-c:4,5-c′]dithiophene-1 ,3-diyl]]polymer (abbreviation: PBDB-T) or a polymer compound such as a PBDB-T derivative can be used.
- a method of dispersing an acceptor material in PBDB-T or a PBDB-T derivative can be used.
- the active layer is preferably formed by co-depositing an n-type semiconductor and a p-type semiconductor.
- the active layer may be formed by laminating an n-type semiconductor and a p-type semiconductor.
- three or more kinds of materials may be mixed in the active layer.
- a third material may be mixed in addition to the n-type semiconductor material and the p-type semiconductor material.
- the third material may be a low-molecular compound or a high-molecular compound.
- the light-receiving device further includes, as layers other than the active layer, a layer containing a highly hole-transporting substance, a highly electron-transporting substance, a bipolar substance (substances having high electron-transporting and hole-transporting properties), or the like. may have.
- the layer is not limited to the above, and may further include a layer containing a highly hole-injecting substance, a hole-blocking material, a highly electron-injecting material, an electron-blocking material, or the like.
- materials that can be used in the above-described light-emitting device can be used.
- polymer compounds such as poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/poly(styrenesulfonic acid) (PEDOT/PSS), molybdenum oxide, and iodide Inorganic compounds such as copper (CuI) can be used.
- Inorganic compounds such as zinc oxide (ZnO) and organic compounds such as polyethyleneimine ethoxylate (PEIE) can be used as the electron-transporting material or the hole-blocking material.
- the light receiving device may have, for example, a mixed film of PEIE and ZnO.
- Display device having photodetection function In the display device of one embodiment of the present invention, light-emitting devices are arranged in matrix in the display portion, and an image can be displayed on the display portion. Further, light receiving devices are arranged in a matrix in the display section, and the display section has one or both of an imaging function and a sensing function in addition to an image display function.
- the display part can be used for an image sensor or a touch sensor. That is, by detecting light on the display portion, an image can be captured, or proximity or contact of an object (a finger, hand, pen, or the like) can be detected.
- the display device of one embodiment of the present invention can use a light-emitting device as a light source of a sensor.
- the light-receiving device can detect the reflected light (or scattered light).
- imaging or touch detection is possible.
- a display device of one embodiment of the present invention includes a light-emitting device and a light-receiving device in a pixel.
- a display device of one embodiment of the present invention uses an organic EL device as a light-emitting device and an organic photodiode as a light-receiving device.
- An organic EL device and an organic photodiode can be formed on the same substrate. Therefore, an organic photodiode can be incorporated in a display device using an organic EL device.
- a display device including a light-emitting device and a light-receiving device in a pixel
- contact or proximity of an object can be detected while displaying an image.
- an image can be displayed by all the sub-pixels of the display device, but also some sub-pixels can emit light as a light source and the remaining sub-pixels can be used to display an image.
- the display device can capture an image using the light receiving device.
- the display device of this embodiment can be used as a scanner.
- an image sensor can be used to capture an image for personal authentication using a fingerprint, palm print, iris, pulse shape (including vein shape and artery shape), face, or the like.
- an image sensor can be used to capture images around the eye, on the surface of the eye, or inside the eye (such as the fundus) of the user of the wearable device. Therefore, the wearable device can have a function of detecting any one or more selected from the user's blink, black eye movement, and eyelid movement.
- the light receiving device can be used as a touch sensor (also referred to as a direct touch sensor) or a near touch sensor (also referred to as a hover sensor, hover touch sensor, non-contact sensor, or touchless sensor).
- a touch sensor also referred to as a direct touch sensor
- a near touch sensor also referred to as a hover sensor, hover touch sensor, non-contact sensor, or touchless sensor.
- a touch sensor or near-touch sensor can detect the proximity or contact of an object (such as a finger, hand, or pen).
- a touch sensor can detect an object by direct contact between the display device and the object. Also, the near-touch sensor can detect the object even if the object does not touch the display device. For example, it is preferable that the display device can detect the object when the distance between the display device and the object is 0.1 mm or more and 300 mm or less, preferably 3 mm or more and 50 mm or less. With this structure, the display device can be operated without direct contact with the object, in other words, the display device can be operated without contact. With the above configuration, the risk of staining or scratching the display device can be reduced, or the object can be displayed without directly touching the stain (for example, dust or virus) attached to the display device. It becomes possible to operate the device.
- the stain for example, dust or virus
- the display device of one embodiment of the present invention can have a variable refresh rate.
- the power consumption can be reduced by adjusting the refresh rate (for example, in the range of 1 Hz to 240 Hz) according to the content displayed on the display device.
- the drive frequency of the touch sensor or the near-touch sensor may be changed according to the refresh rate. For example, when the refresh rate of the display device is 120 Hz, the driving frequency of the touch sensor or the near-touch sensor can be higher than 120 Hz (typically 240 Hz). With this structure, low power consumption can be achieved and the response speed of the touch sensor or the near touch sensor can be increased.
- the display device 100 shown in FIGS. 31C to 31E has a layer 353 having light receiving devices, a functional layer 355 and a layer 357 having light emitting devices between substrates 351 and 359 .
- the functional layer 355 has circuitry for driving the light receiving device and circuitry for driving the light emitting device.
- One or more of switches, transistors, capacitors, resistors, wirings, terminals, and the like can be provided in the functional layer 355 . Note that in the case of driving the light-emitting device and the light-receiving device by a passive matrix method, a structure in which the switch and the transistor are not provided may be employed.
- a finger 352 touching the display device 100 reflects light emitted by a light-emitting device in a layer 357 having a light-emitting device, so that a light-receiving device in a layer 353 having a light-receiving device reflects the light. Detect light. Thereby, it is possible to detect that the finger 352 touches the display device 100 .
- FIGS. 31D and 31E it may have a function of detecting or imaging an object that is close to (not in contact with) the display device.
- FIG. 31D shows an example of detecting a finger of a person
- FIG. 31E shows an example of detecting information (number of blinks, movement of an eyeball, movement of an eyelid, etc.) around, on the surface of, or inside a human eye.
- the electronic devices of this embodiment each include the display device of one embodiment of the present invention in a display portion.
- the display device of one embodiment of the present invention can easily have high definition and high resolution. Therefore, it can be used for display portions of various electronic devices.
- Examples of electronic devices include televisions, desktop or notebook personal computers, monitors for computers, digital signage, large game machines such as pachinko machines, and other electronic devices with relatively large screens. Examples include cameras, digital video cameras, digital photo frames, mobile phones, mobile game machines, mobile information terminals, and sound reproducing devices.
- the display device of one embodiment of the present invention can have high definition, it can be suitably used for an electronic device having a relatively small display portion.
- electronic devices include wristwatch-type and bracelet-type information terminals (wearable devices), VR devices such as head-mounted displays, glasses-type AR devices, and MR devices.
- wearable devices include wristwatch-type and bracelet-type information terminals (wearable devices), VR devices such as head-mounted displays, glasses-type AR devices, and MR devices.
- a wearable device that can be attached to a part is exemplified.
- a display device of one embodiment of the present invention includes HD (1280 ⁇ 720 pixels), FHD (1920 ⁇ 1080 pixels), WQHD (2560 ⁇ 1440 pixels), WQXGA (2560 ⁇ 1600 pixels), 4K (2560 ⁇ 1600 pixels), 3840 ⁇ 2160) and 8K (7680 ⁇ 4320 pixels).
- the resolution it is preferable to set the resolution to 4K, 8K, or higher.
- the pixel density (definition) of the display device of one embodiment of the present invention is preferably 100 ppi or more, preferably 300 ppi or more, more preferably 500 ppi or more, more preferably 1000 ppi or more, more preferably 2000 ppi or more, and 3000 ppi or more.
- the display device can support various screen ratios such as 1:1 (square), 4:3, 16:9, 16:10.
- the electronic device of this embodiment includes sensors (force, displacement, position, velocity, acceleration, angular velocity, number of revolutions, distance, light, liquid, magnetism, temperature, chemical substance, sound, time, hardness, electric field, current, voltage , power, radiation, flow, humidity, gradient, vibration, odor or infrared).
- the electronic device of this embodiment can have various functions. For example, functions to display various information (still images, moving images, text images, etc.) on the display unit, touch panel functions, calendars, functions to display the date or time, functions to execute various software (programs), wireless communication function, a function of reading a program or data recorded on a recording medium, and the like.
- FIGS. 32A to 32D An example of a wearable device that can be worn on the head will be described with reference to FIGS. 32A to 32D.
- These wearable devices have at least one of a function of displaying AR content, a function of displaying VR content, a function of displaying SR content, and a function of displaying MR content.
- the electronic device has a function of displaying at least one content such as AR, VR, SR, and MR, it is possible to enhance the immersive feeling of the user.
- Electronic device 700A shown in FIG. 32A and electronic device 700B shown in FIG. It has a control section (not shown), an imaging section (not shown), a pair of optical members 753 , a frame 757 and a pair of nose pads 758 .
- the display device of one embodiment of the present invention can be applied to the display panel 751 . Therefore, the electronic device can display images with extremely high definition.
- Each of the electronic devices 700A and 700B can project an image displayed on the display panel 751 onto the display area 756 of the optical member 753 . Since the optical member 753 has translucency, the user can see the image displayed in the display area superimposed on the transmitted image visually recognized through the optical member 753 . Therefore, the electronic device 700A and the electronic device 700B are electronic devices capable of AR display.
- the electronic device 700A and the electronic device 700B may be provided with a camera capable of capturing an image of the front as an imaging unit. Further, the electronic devices 700A and 700B each include an acceleration sensor such as a gyro sensor to detect the orientation of the user's head and display an image corresponding to the orientation in the display area 756. You can also
- the communication unit has a wireless communication device, and can supply a video signal or the like by the wireless communication device.
- a connector to which a cable to which a video signal and a power supply potential are supplied may be provided.
- the electronic device 700A and the electronic device 700B are provided with batteries, and can be charged wirelessly and/or wiredly.
- the housing 721 may be provided with a touch sensor module.
- the touch sensor module has a function of detecting that the outer surface of the housing 721 is touched.
- the touch sensor module can detect a user's tap operation or slide operation and execute various processes. For example, it is possible to perform processing such as pausing or resuming a moving image by a tap operation, and fast-forward or fast-reverse processing can be performed by a slide operation. Further, by providing a touch sensor module for each of the two housings 721, the range of operations can be expanded.
- Various touch sensors can be applied as the touch sensor module.
- various methods such as a capacitance method, a resistive film method, an infrared method, an electromagnetic induction method, a surface acoustic wave method, and an optical method can be adopted.
- a photoelectric conversion device (photoelectric conversion element) can be used as the light receiving device.
- One or both of an inorganic semiconductor and an organic semiconductor can be used for the active layer of the photoelectric conversion device.
- Electronic device 800A shown in FIG. 32C and electronic device 800B shown in FIG. It has a pair of imaging units 825 and a pair of lenses 832 .
- the display device of one embodiment of the present invention can be applied to the display portion 820 . Therefore, the electronic device can display images with extremely high definition. This allows the user to feel a high sense of immersion.
- the display unit 820 is provided inside the housing 821 at a position where it can be viewed through the lens 832 . By displaying different images on the pair of display portions 820, three-dimensional display using parallax can be performed.
- Each of the electronic device 800A and the electronic device 800B can be said to be an electronic device for VR.
- a user wearing electronic device 800 ⁇ /b>A or electronic device 800 ⁇ /b>B can view an image displayed on display unit 820 through lens 832 .
- the electronic device 800A and the electronic device 800B each have a mechanism that can adjust the left and right positions of the lens 832 and the display unit 820 so that they are optimally positioned according to the position of the user's eyes. preferably. In addition, it is preferable to have a mechanism for adjusting focus by changing the distance between the lens 832 and the display portion 820 .
- Mounting portion 823 allows the user to mount electronic device 800A or electronic device 800B on the head.
- the shape is illustrated as a temple of spectacles (also referred to as a temple), but the shape is not limited to this.
- the mounting portion 823 may be worn by the user, and may be, for example, a helmet-type or band-type shape.
- the imaging unit 825 has a function of acquiring external information. Data acquired by the imaging unit 825 can be output to the display unit 820 . An image sensor can be used for the imaging unit 825 . Also, a plurality of cameras may be provided so as to be able to deal with a plurality of angles of view such as telephoto and wide angle.
- a distance measuring sensor capable of measuring the distance to an object
- the imaging unit 825 is one aspect of the detection unit.
- the detection unit for example, an image sensor or a distance image sensor such as LIDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) can be used.
- LIDAR Light Detection and Ranging
- the electronic device 800A may have a vibration mechanism that functions as bone conduction earphones.
- a vibration mechanism that functions as bone conduction earphones.
- one or more of the display portion 820, the housing 821, and the mounting portion 823 can be provided with the vibration mechanism.
- the user can enjoy video and audio simply by wearing the electronic device 800A without the need for separate audio equipment such as headphones, earphones, or speakers.
- Each of the electronic device 800A and the electronic device 800B may have an input terminal.
- the input terminal can be connected to a cable that supplies a video signal from a video output device or the like and power or the like for charging a battery provided in the electronic device.
- An electronic device of one embodiment of the present invention may have a function of wirelessly communicating with the earphone 750 .
- Earphone 750 has a communication unit (not shown) and has a wireless communication function.
- the earphone 750 can receive information (eg, audio data) from the electronic device by wireless communication function.
- information eg, audio data
- electronic device 700A shown in FIG. 32A has a function of transmitting information to earphone 750 by a wireless communication function.
- electronic device 800A shown in FIG. 32C has a function of transmitting information to earphone 750 by a wireless communication function.
- the electronic device may have an earphone section.
- Electronic device 700B shown in FIG. 32B has earphone section 727 .
- the earphone section 727 and the control section can be configured to be wired to each other.
- a part of the wiring connecting the earphone section 727 and the control section may be arranged inside the housing 721 or the mounting section 723 .
- electronic device 800B shown in FIG. 32D has earphone section 827.
- the earphone unit 827 and the control unit 824 can be configured to be wired to each other.
- a part of the wiring connecting the earphone section 827 and the control section 824 may be arranged inside the housing 821 or the mounting section 823 .
- the earphone section 827 and the mounting section 823 may have magnets. Accordingly, the earphone section 827 can be fixed to the mounting section 823 by magnetic force, which is preferable because it facilitates storage.
- the electronic device may have an audio output terminal to which earphones, headphones, or the like can be connected. Also, the electronic device may have one or both of an audio input terminal and an audio input mechanism.
- the voice input mechanism for example, a sound collecting device such as a microphone can be used.
- the electronic device may function as a so-called headset.
- the electronic device of one embodiment of the present invention includes both glasses type (electronic device 700A, electronic device 700B, etc.) and goggle type (electronic device 800A, electronic device 800B, etc.). preferred.
- the electronic device of one embodiment of the present invention can transmit information to the earphone by wire or wirelessly.
- An electronic device 6500 illustrated in FIG. 33A is a personal digital assistant that can be used as a smart phone.
- An electronic device 6500 includes a housing 6501, a display portion 6502, a power button 6503, a button 6504, a speaker 6505, a microphone 6506, a camera 6507, a light source 6508, and the like.
- a display portion 6502 has a touch panel function.
- the display device of one embodiment of the present invention can be applied to the display portion 6502 .
- FIG. 33B is a schematic cross-sectional view including the end of housing 6501 on the microphone 6506 side.
- a light-transmitting protective member 6510 is provided on the display surface side of the housing 6501, and a display panel 6511, an optical member 6512, a touch sensor panel 6513, and a printer are placed in a space surrounded by the housing 6501 and the protective member 6510.
- a substrate 6517, a battery 6518, and the like are arranged.
- a display panel 6511, an optical member 6512, and a touch sensor panel 6513 are fixed to the protective member 6510 with an adhesive layer (not shown).
- a portion of the display panel 6511 is folded back in a region outside the display portion 6502, and the FPC 6515 is connected to the folded portion.
- An IC6516 is mounted on the FPC6515.
- the FPC 6515 is connected to terminals provided on the printed circuit board 6517 .
- the flexible display of one embodiment of the present invention can be applied to the display panel 6511 . Therefore, an extremely lightweight electronic device can be realized. In addition, since the display panel 6511 is extremely thin, the thickness of the electronic device can be reduced and the large-capacity battery 6518 can be mounted. In addition, by folding back part of the display panel 6511 and arranging a connection portion with the FPC 6515 on the back side of the pixel portion, an electronic device with a narrow frame can be realized.
- FIG. 33C shows an example of a television device.
- a television set 7100 has a display portion 7000 incorporated in a housing 7101 .
- a configuration in which a housing 7101 is supported by a stand 7103 is shown.
- the display device of one embodiment of the present invention can be applied to the display portion 7000 .
- the operation of the television apparatus 7100 shown in FIG. 33C can be performed using operation switches provided in the housing 7101 and a separate remote controller 7111 .
- the display portion 7000 may be provided with a touch sensor, and the television device 7100 may be operated by touching the display portion 7000 with a finger or the like.
- the remote controller 7111 may have a display section for displaying information output from the remote controller 7111 .
- a channel and a volume can be operated with operation keys or a touch panel provided in the remote controller 7111 , and an image displayed on the display portion 7000 can be operated.
- the television device 7100 is configured to include a receiver, a modem, and the like.
- the receiver can receive general television broadcasts. Also, by connecting to a wired or wireless communication network via a modem, one-way (from the sender to the receiver) or two-way (between the sender and the receiver, or between the receivers, etc.) information communication is performed. is also possible.
- FIG. 33D shows an example of a notebook personal computer.
- a notebook personal computer 7200 has a housing 7211, a keyboard 7212, a pointing device 7213, an external connection port 7214, and the like.
- the display portion 7000 is incorporated in the housing 7211 .
- the display device of one embodiment of the present invention can be applied to the display portion 7000 .
- FIGS. 33E and 33F An example of digital signage is shown in FIGS. 33E and 33F.
- a digital signage 7300 illustrated in FIG. 33E includes a housing 7301, a display portion 7000, speakers 7303, and the like. Furthermore, it can have an LED lamp, an operation key (including a power switch or an operation switch), connection terminals, various sensors, a microphone, and the like.
- FIG. 33F is a digital signage 7400 mounted on a cylindrical post 7401.
- FIG. A digital signage 7400 has a display section 7000 provided along the curved surface of a pillar 7401 .
- the display device of one embodiment of the present invention can be applied to the display portion 7000 in FIGS. 33E and 33F.
- the display portion 7000 As the display portion 7000 is wider, the amount of information that can be provided at one time can be increased. In addition, the wider the display unit 7000, the more conspicuous it is, and the more effective the advertisement can be, for example.
- a touch panel By applying a touch panel to the display portion 7000, not only an image or a moving image can be displayed on the display portion 7000 but also the user can intuitively operate the display portion 7000, which is preferable. Further, when used for providing information such as route information or traffic information, usability can be enhanced by intuitive operation.
- the digital signage 7300 or 7400 is preferably capable of cooperating with an information terminal 7311 or 7411 such as a smartphone possessed by the user through wireless communication.
- advertisement information displayed on the display unit 7000 can be displayed on the screen of the information terminal 7311 or the information terminal 7411 .
- display on the display portion 7000 can be switched.
- the digital signage 7300 or the digital signage 7400 can execute a game using the screen of the information terminal 7311 or 7411 as an operation means (controller). This allows an unspecified number of users to simultaneously participate in and enjoy the game.
- the electronic device shown in FIGS. 34A to 34G includes a housing 9000, a display unit 9001, a speaker 9003, operation keys 9005 (including a power switch or an operation switch), connection terminals 9006, sensors 9007 (force, displacement, position, speed , acceleration, angular velocity, number of rotations, distance, light, liquid, magnetism, temperature, chemical substances, sound, time, hardness, electric field, current, voltage, power, radiation, flow rate, humidity, gradient, vibration, smell, or infrared rays function), a microphone 9008, and the like.
- the electronic devices shown in FIGS. 34A-34G have various functions. For example, a function to display various information (still images, moving images, text images, etc.) on the display unit, a touch panel function, a calendar, a function to display the date or time, a function to control processing by various software (programs), It can have a wireless communication function, a function of reading and processing programs or data recorded on a recording medium, and the like. Note that the functions of the electronic device are not limited to these, and can have various functions.
- the electronic device may have a plurality of display units.
- the electronic device is equipped with a camera, etc., and has the function of capturing still images or moving images and storing them in a recording medium (external or built into the camera), or the function of displaying the captured image on the display unit, etc. good.
- FIG. 34A is a perspective view showing a mobile information terminal 9101.
- the mobile information terminal 9101 can be used as a smart phone, for example.
- the portable information terminal 9101 may be provided with a speaker 9003, a connection terminal 9006, a sensor 9007, and the like.
- the mobile information terminal 9101 can display text and image information on its multiple surfaces.
- FIG. 34A shows an example in which three icons 9050 are displayed.
- Information 9051 indicated by a dashed rectangle can also be displayed on another surface of the display portion 9001 . Examples of the information 9051 include notification of incoming e-mail, SNS, telephone call, title of e-mail or SNS, sender name, date and time, remaining battery power, radio wave intensity, and the like.
- an icon 9050 or the like may be displayed at the position where the information 9051 is displayed.
- FIG. 34B is a perspective view showing the mobile information terminal 9102.
- the portable information terminal 9102 has a function of displaying information on three or more sides of the display portion 9001 .
- information 9052, information 9053, and information 9054 are displayed on different surfaces.
- the user can confirm the information 9053 displayed at a position where the mobile information terminal 9102 can be viewed from above the mobile information terminal 9102 while the mobile information terminal 9102 is stored in the chest pocket of the clothes.
- the user can check the display without taking out the portable information terminal 9102 from the pocket, and can determine, for example, whether to receive a call.
- the tablet terminal 9103 can execute various applications such as mobile phone, e-mail, reading and creating text, playing music, Internet communication, and computer games.
- the tablet terminal 9103 has a display portion 9001, a camera 9002, a microphone 9008, and a speaker 9003 on the front of the housing 9000, operation keys 9005 as operation buttons on the left side of the housing 9000, and connection terminals on the bottom. 9006.
- FIG. 34D is a perspective view showing a wristwatch-type personal digital assistant 9200.
- the mobile information terminal 9200 can be used as a smart watch (registered trademark), for example.
- the display portion 9001 has a curved display surface, and display can be performed along the curved display surface.
- the mobile information terminal 9200 can also make hands-free calls by mutual communication with a headset capable of wireless communication, for example.
- the portable information terminal 9200 can transmit data to and from another information terminal through the connection terminal 9006, and can be charged. Note that the charging operation may be performed by wireless power supply.
- FIGS. 34E-34G are perspective views showing a foldable personal digital assistant 9201.
- FIG. 34E is a state in which the portable information terminal 9201 is unfolded
- FIG. 34G is a state in which it is folded
- FIG. 34F is a perspective view in the middle of changing from one of FIGS. 34E and 34G to the other.
- the portable information terminal 9201 has excellent portability in the folded state, and has excellent display visibility due to a seamless wide display area in the unfolded state.
- a display portion 9001 included in the portable information terminal 9201 is supported by three housings 9000 connected by hinges 9055 .
- the display portion 9001 can be bent with a curvature radius of 0.1 mm or more and 150 mm or less.
- Example 2 In this example, a manufactured display device of one embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.
- FIG. 35A is a perspective view illustrating configurations of the display device, the light emitting device 130X, and the light emitting device 130Y
- FIG. 35B is a cross-sectional view taken along the line X1-X2 shown in FIG. 35A.
- FIG. 36 is a diagram explaining the current density-luminance characteristics of the light emitting device according to the example.
- FIG. 37 is a diagram illustrating luminance-current efficiency characteristics of a light-emitting device according to an example.
- FIG. 38 is a diagram explaining the voltage-luminance characteristics of the light-emitting device according to the example.
- FIG. 39 is a diagram explaining the voltage-current characteristics of the light-emitting device according to the example.
- FIG. 40 is a diagram illustrating an emission spectrum when the light emitting device according to the example emits light with a luminance of 1000 cd/m 2 .
- the manufactured display device described in this example has a light-emitting device 130X and a light-emitting device 130Y (see FIGS. 35A and 35B).
- Light-emitting device 130Y is adjacent to light-emitting device 130X, and light-emitting device 130Y is spaced from light-emitting device 130X.
- the manufactured light-emitting device D111 described in this example has the same configuration as the light-emitting device 130X and the light-emitting device 130Y.
- Light emitting device 130X has electrode 111X, electrode 115X, unit 703X, unit 703X2 and intermediate layer 706X, unit 703X sandwiched between electrode 111X and electrode 115X, unit 703X2 between electrode 115X and unit 703X.
- the intermediate layer 706X is sandwiched between the unit 703X2 and the unit 703X, the unit 703X is in contact with the intermediate layer 706X, and the unit 703X contains the organic compound L.
- Light emitting device 130X also has layer 114X, which is sandwiched between electrode 115X and unit 703X2.
- the organic compound L has a plurality of 2,2'-bipyridine skeletons or 1,10'-phenanthroline skeletons.
- Light-emitting device 130Y has electrode 111Y, electrode 115Y, unit 703Y, unit 703Y2 and intermediate layer 706Y, electrode 111Y with gap 111XY between electrode 111X and unit 703Y between electrode 111Y and electrode 115Y.
- unit 703Y2 is sandwiched between electrode 115Y and unit 703Y
- intermediate layer 706Y is sandwiched between unit 703Y2 and unit 703Y
- unit 703Y is in contact with intermediate layer 706Y
- unit 703Y is an organic Contains Compound L.
- Light emitting device 130Y also has layer 114Y, which is sandwiched between electrode 115Y and unit 703Y2.
- Unit 703Y has a gap with unit 703X, and the gap overlaps with gap 111XY.
- Table 1 shows the configuration of the light-emitting device D111. Structural formulas of materials used for the light-emitting device described in this example are shown below.
- subscripts and superscripts are shown in standard sizes for convenience. For example, subscripts used for abbreviations and superscripts used for units are shown in standard sizes in the tables. These descriptions in the table can be read in consideration of the description in the specification.
- a reflective film REF was formed. Specifically, an alloy (abbreviation: APC) containing silver (Ag), palladium (Pd), and copper (Cu) was used as a target and formed by a sputtering method.
- APC alloy containing silver (Ag), palladium (Pd), and copper (Cu) was used as a target and formed by a sputtering method.
- the reflective film REF includes APC and has a thickness of 100 nm.
- an electrode 111X was formed on the reflective film REF. Specifically, it was formed by a sputtering method using indium oxide-tin oxide (abbreviation: ITSO) containing silicon or silicon oxide as a target.
- ITSO indium oxide-tin oxide
- the electrode 111X contains ITSO and has a thickness of 100 nm and an area of 4 mm 2 (2 mm ⁇ 2 mm).
- the substrate on which the electrodes 111X were formed was washed with water, baked at 200° C. for 1 hour, and then subjected to UV ozone treatment for 370 seconds. After that, the base material was introduced into a vacuum deposition apparatus whose inside was evacuated to about 10 ⁇ 4 Pa, and subjected to vacuum baking at 170° C. for 30 minutes in a heating chamber in the vacuum deposition apparatus. After that, the substrate was allowed to cool for about 30 minutes.
- layer 704X was formed over electrode 111X. Specifically, the materials were co-evaporated using a resistance heating method.
- OCHD-003 contains fluorine and has a molecular weight of 672.
- layer 712X was formed over layer 704X. Specifically, the materials were deposited using a resistance heating method.
- layer 712X is N-(1,1′-biphenyl-4-yl)-N-[4-(9-phenyl-9H-carbazol-3-yl)phenyl]-9,9-dimethyl-9H-fluorene -2-amine (abbreviation: PCBBiF) with a thickness of 70 nm.
- layer 711X was formed over layer 712X. Specifically, the materials were co-evaporated using a resistance heating method.
- layer 713X11 was formed over layer 711X. Specifically, the materials were deposited using a resistance heating method.
- Layer 713X11 contains 2- ⁇ 3-[3-(N-phenyl-9H-carbazol-3-yl)-9H-carbazol-9-yl]phenyl ⁇ dibenzo[f,h]quinoxaline (abbreviation: 2mPCCzPDBq). with a thickness of 10 nm.
- layer 713X12 was formed over layer 713X11. Specifically, the materials were deposited using a resistance heating method.
- the layer 713X12 contains 2,2'-(3,3'-phenylene)bis(9-phenyl-1,10-phenanthroline) (abbreviation: mPPhen2P) and has a thickness of 20 nm.
- layer 706X2 was formed over layer 713X12. Specifically, the materials were deposited using a resistance heating method.
- the layer 706X2 contains lithium oxide (abbreviation: Li2O) and has a thickness of 0.1 nm.
- layer 706X3 was formed over layer 706X2. Specifically, the materials were deposited using a resistance heating method.
- the layer 706X3 contains copper phthalocyanine (abbreviation: CuPc) and has a thickness of 2 nm.
- layer 712X2 was formed over layer 706X1. Specifically, the materials were deposited using a resistance heating method.
- layer 712X2 comprises PCBBiF and has a thickness of 40 nm.
- layer 713X21 comprises 2mPCCzPDBq and has a thickness of 20 nm.
- layer 713X22 was formed over layer 713X21. Specifically, the materials were deposited using a resistance heating method.
- layer 713X22 contains mPPhen2P and has a thickness of 20 nm.
- Step 15-1 After the sample was taken out from the vacuum deposition apparatus and exposed to the atmosphere, a sacrificial layer SCR1 was formed on the layer 713X22 in step 15-1. Specifically, trimethylaluminum (abbreviation: TMA) was used as a precursor and water vapor was used as an oxidizing agent to form a film by the ALD method.
- TMA trimethylaluminum
- the sacrificial layer SCR1 contains aluminum oxide and has a thickness of 30 nm.
- the sacrificial layer SCR2 was formed on the sacrificial layer SCR1. Specifically, the film was formed by a sputtering method using a composite oxide (abbreviation: IGZO) containing indium, gallium, zinc, and oxygen as a target.
- IGZO composite oxide
- the sacrificial layer SCR2 contains IGZO and has a thickness of 50 nm.
- a resist is formed on the sacrificial layer SCR2 using a photoresist, and a sacrificial layer SCR2, a sacrificial layer SCR1, layers 713X22, 713X21, layers 711X2, layers 712X2, and 706X1 are formed by lithography. , 706X3, 706X2, layer 713X12, layer 713X11, layer 711X, layer 712X and layer 704X were processed into predetermined shapes.
- CHF3 fluoroform
- He helium
- the sacrificial layer SCR1 was processed using gas. Furthermore, after that, the etching conditions were changed, and the laminated film from the layer 704X to the layer 713X22 was processed into a predetermined shape. Specifically, the processing was performed using an etching gas containing oxygen (abbreviation: O2).
- a shape in which a slit is formed in a region of the laminated film that does not overlap with the electrode 111X was adopted. Specifically, a slit having a width of 3 ⁇ m was formed at a position 3.5 ⁇ m away from the edge of the electrode 111X in a region overlapping the gap 111XY between the electrodes 111X and 111Y (see FIG. 35B). Thereby, a gap 706XY2 is formed.
- Step 15-4 In the fifteenth-4th step, the sacrificial layer SCR2, the sacrificial layer SCR1 and the resist are removed to expose the layer 713X22.
- the base material was introduced into a vacuum deposition apparatus whose inside was evacuated to about 10 ⁇ 4 Pa, and was subjected to vacuum baking at 80° C. for 1 hour in a heating chamber in the vacuum deposition apparatus. After that, the substrate was allowed to cool for about 30 minutes.
- LiF lithium fluoride
- Yb ytterbium
- Electrodes 115X were formed on layer 114X. Specifically, the materials were co-evaporated using a resistance heating method.
- a layer CAP was formed on electrode 115X. Specifically, the materials were deposited using a resistance heating method.
- the layer CAP contains 4,4',4''-(benzene-1,3,5-triyl)tri(dibenzothiophene) (abbreviation: DBT3P-II) and has a thickness of 70 nm.
- Table 2 shows main initial characteristics when the fabricated light-emitting device emits light at a luminance of about 1000 cd/m 2 . Table 2 also lists the properties of other light-emitting devices whose constructions are described below.
- Light-emitting device D111 was found to exhibit good properties. For example, light-emitting device D111 exhibited comparable current efficiency to light-emitting device D101. In addition, the effects of the steps 15-1 to 15-4 for forming the slits on the current efficiency were suppressed.
- Light-emitting device D111 also exhibited higher current efficiency than comparative device D110, which used NBPhen for layers 713X12 and 713X22. In addition, light was emitted at a low driving voltage.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Geometry (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
- Electroluminescent Light Sources (AREA)
- Devices For Indicating Variable Information By Combining Individual Elements (AREA)
Abstract
Description
図2は、表示装置の一例を示す断面図である。
図3Aは、表示装置の一例を示す上面図である。図3Bは、表示装置の一例を示す断面図である。
図4A及び図4Bは、表示装置の一例を示す断面図である。
図5A及び図5Bは、表示装置の一例を示す断面図である。
図6A及び図6Bは、表示装置の一例を示す断面図である。
図7A及び図7Bは、表示装置の一例を示す断面図である。
図8A及び図8Bは、表示装置の一例を示す断面図である。
図9A及び図9Bは、表示装置の一例を示す断面図である。
図10Aは、表示装置の一例を示す上面図である。図10Bは、表示装置の一例を示す断面図である。
図11A乃至図11Cは、表示装置の作製方法の一例を示す断面図である。
図12A乃至図12Cは、表示装置の作製方法の一例を示す断面図である。
図13A乃至図13Cは、表示装置の作製方法の一例を示す断面図である。
図14A及び図14Bは、表示装置の作製方法の一例を示す断面図である。
図15A及び図15Bは、表示装置の作製方法の一例を示す断面図である。
図16A乃至図16Dは、表示装置の作製方法の一例を示す断面図である。
図17A乃至図17Fは、画素の一例を示す図である。
図18A乃至図18Kは、画素の一例を示す図である。
図19A及び図19Bは、表示装置の一例を示す斜視図である。
図20A及び図20Bは、表示装置の一例を示す断面図である。
図21は、表示装置の一例を示す断面図である。
図22は、表示装置の一例を示す断面図である。
図23は、表示装置の一例を示す断面図である。
図24は、表示装置の一例を示す断面図である。
図25は、表示装置の一例を示す断面図である。
図26は、表示装置の一例を示す斜視図である。
図27Aは、表示装置の一例を示す断面図である。図27B及び図27Cは、トランジスタの一例を示す断面図である。
図28A乃至図28Dは、表示装置の一例を示す断面図である。
図29は、表示装置の一例を示す断面図である。
図30A乃至図30Fは、発光デバイスの構成例を示す図である。
図31A及び図31Bは、受光デバイスの構成例を示す図である。図31C乃至図31Eは、表示装置の構成例を示す図である。
図32A乃至図32Dは、電子機器の一例を示す図である。
図33A乃至図33Fは、電子機器の一例を示す図である。
図34A乃至図34Gは、電子機器の一例を示す図である。
図35Aおよび図35Bは、実施例に係る発光デバイスの構成を説明する図である。
図36は、実施例に係る発光デバイスの電流密度−輝度特性を説明する図である。
図37は、実施例に係る発光デバイスの輝度−電流効率特性を説明する図である。
図38は、実施例に係る発光デバイスの電圧−輝度特性を説明する図である。
図39は、実施例に係る発光デバイスの電圧−電流特性を説明する図である。
図40は、実施例に係る発光デバイスの発光スペクトルを説明する図である。
本実施の形態では、本発明の一態様の表示装置の構成について、図1乃至図3を参照しながら説明する。
本実施の形態で説明する表示装置は、発光デバイス130aと、発光デバイス130bと、を有する(図3B参照)。発光デバイス130bは、発光デバイス130aに隣接し、発光デバイス130bは、発光デバイス130aとの間に間隙130abを備える(図1参照)。
発光デバイス130aは、画素電極111a、共通電極115、ユニット703a、ユニット703a2および中間層706aを有する。また、発光デバイス130aは、層704aおよび共通層114を有する。
ユニット703aは有機化合物Lを含み、有機化合物Lは、2,2’−ビピリジン骨格または1,10’−フェナントロリン骨格を複数備える。
有機化合物Lは、一般式(G0)で表される構造を備える。
上記一般式(G0)において、A1およびA2は、それぞれ独立に、2,2’−ビピリジン骨格または1,10’−フェナントロリン骨格を表す。
また、上記一般式(G0)において、Arは、置換もしくは無置換の炭素数6乃至26のアリーレン基または置換もしくは無置換の炭素数2乃至26のヘテロアリーレン基を表す。なお、Arは、複数の芳香環から構成されても良く、その場合、当該複数の芳香環は、互いに結合して縮合環を形成しても良い。
また、上記一般式(G0)において、iは、0以上2以下の整数である。
上記構成を有する有機化合物Lの具体的な例を以下に示す。
ユニット703a2は、有機化合物Lを含む。
発光デバイス130bは、画素電極111b、共通電極115、ユニット703b、ユニット703b2および中間層706bを有する。画素電極111bは、画素電極111aとの間に間隙111abを備える。また、発光デバイス130bは、層704bおよび共通層114を有する。層704bは、層704aとの間に間隙704abを備え、間隙704abは、間隙111abと重なる。これにより、例えば、層704aおよび層704bの間を流れる電流を抑制できる。また、発光デバイス130aの動作に伴い、隣接する発光デバイス130bが意図せず発光してしまう現象の発生を抑制することができる。
ユニット703bは有機化合物Lを含み、ユニット703bはユニット703aとの間に間隙703abを備える。また、間隙703abは、間隙111abと重なる。
ユニット703b2は、有機化合物Lを含み、ユニット703b2は、ユニット703a2との間に間隙703ab2を備える。また、間隙703ab2は、間隙111abと重なる。
また、本実施の形態で説明する表示装置は、絶縁層125と、絶縁層127と、を有する。
絶縁層125は、中間層706aの上面の一部及び側面、並びに、中間層706bの上面の一部及び側面を覆う。
絶縁層127は、絶縁層125を介して、中間層706aの上面の一部及び側面、並びに、中間層706bの上面の一部及び側面と重なる。
本実施の形態で説明する表示装置に用いることができる発光デバイスの構成について、図2を参照しながら説明する。
ユニット703Xは単層構造または積層構造を備える。例えば、ユニット703Xは、層711X、層712Xおよび層713Xを備える(図2参照)。ユニット703Xは光ELXを射出する機能を備える。
例えば、正孔輸送性を有する材料を、層712Xに用いることができる。また、層712Xを正孔輸送層ということができる。なお、層711Xに含まれる発光性の材料より大きいバンドギャップを備える材料を、層712Xに用いる構成が好ましい。これにより、層711Xにおいて生じる励起子から層712Xへのエネルギー移動を、抑制することができる。
正孔移動度が、1×10−6cm2/Vs以上である材料を、正孔輸送性を有する材料に好適に用いることができる。
例えば、電子輸送性を有する材料、アントラセン骨格を有する材料および混合材料等を、層713Xに用いることができる。また、層713Xを電子輸送層ということができる。なお、層711Xに含まれる発光性の材料より大きいバンドギャップを有する材料を、層713Xに用いる構成が好ましい。これにより、層711Xにおいて生じる励起子から層713Xへのエネルギー移動を、抑制することができる。
例えば、金属錯体またはπ電子不足型複素芳香環骨格を有する有機化合物を、電子輸送性を有する材料に用いることができる。
アントラセン骨格を有する有機化合物を、層713Xに用いることができる。特に、アントラセン骨格と複素環骨格の両方を含む有機化合物を好適に用いることができる。
また、本実施の形態で説明する表示装置は、ユニット703Xが、アルカリ金属またはアルカリ土類金属を含む。具体的には、アルカリ金属、アルカリ金属化合物またはアルカリ金属錯体と、有機化合物Lを含む混合材料を、層713Xに用いることができる。または、アルカリ金属、アルカリ金属化合物またはアルカリ金属錯体を含む層を、有機化合物Lを含む層に接して用いることができる。これにより、発光デバイス130Xの駆動電圧の上昇を抑制することができる。また、電流密度を抑制しながら高い輝度の発光を得ることができる。
例えば、発光性の材料、または発光性の材料およびホスト材料を、層711Xに用いることができる。また、層711Xを発光層ということができる。なお、正孔と電子が再結合する領域に層711Xを配置する構成が好ましい。これにより、キャリアの再結合により生じるエネルギーを、効率よく光にして射出することができる。
蛍光発光物質を層711Xに用いることができる。例えば、以下に例示する蛍光発光物質を層711Xに用いることができる。なお、これに限定されず、さまざまな公知の蛍光性発光物質を層711Xに用いることができる。
りん光発光物質を層711Xに用いることができる。例えば、以下に例示するりん光発光物質を層711Xに用いることができる。なお、これに限定されず、さまざまな公知のりん光性発光物質を層711Xに用いることができる。
4H−トリアゾール骨格を有する有機金属イリジウム錯体等としては、トリス{2−[5−(2−メチルフェニル)−4−(2,6−ジメチルフェニル)−4H−1,2,4−トリアゾール−3−イル−κN2]フェニル−κC}イリジウム(III)(略称:[Ir(mpptz−dmp)3])、トリス(5−メチル−3,4−ジフェニル−4H−1,2,4−トリアゾラト)イリジウム(III)(略称:[Ir(Mptz)3])、トリス[4−(3−ビフェニル)−5−イソプロピル−3−フェニル−4H−1,2,4−トリアゾラト]イリジウム(III)(略称:[Ir(iPrptz−3b)3])、等を用いることができる。
ピリミジン骨格を有する有機金属イリジウム錯体等としては、トリス(4−メチル−6−フェニルピリミジナト)イリジウム(III)(略称:[Ir(mppm)3])、トリス(4−t−ブチル−6−フェニルピリミジナト)イリジウム(III)(略称:[Ir(tBuppm)3])、(アセチルアセトナト)ビス(6−メチル−4−フェニルピリミジナト)イリジウム(III)(略称:[Ir(mppm)2(acac)])、(アセチルアセトナト)ビス(6−tert−ブチル−4−フェニルピリミジナト)イリジウム(III)(略称:[Ir(tBuppm)2(acac)])、(アセチルアセトナト)ビス[6−(2−ノルボルニル)−4−フェニルピリミジナト]イリジウム(III)(略称:[Ir(nbppm)2(acac)])、(アセチルアセトナト)ビス[5−メチル−6−(2−メチルフェニル)−4−フェニルピリミジナト]イリジウム(III)(略称:[Ir(mpmppm)2(acac)])、(アセチルアセトナト)ビス(4,6−ジフェニルピリミジナト)イリジウム(III)(略称:[Ir(dppm)2(acac)])、等を用いることができる。
ピリミジン骨格を有する有機金属イリジウム錯体等としては、(ジイソブチリルメタナト)ビス[4,6−ビス(3−メチルフェニル)ピリミジナト]イリジウム(III)(略称:[Ir(5mdppm)2(dibm)])、ビス[4,6−ビス(3−メチルフェニル)ピリミジナト](ジピバロイルメタナト)イリジウム(III)(略称:[Ir(5mdppm)2(dpm)])、ビス[4,6−ジ(ナフタレン−1−イル)ピリミジナト](ジピバロイルメタナト)イリジウム(III)(略称:[Ir(d1npm)2(dpm)])、等を用いることができる。
TADF材料を層711Xに用いることができる。例えば、以下に例示するTADF材料を発光性の材料に用いることができる。なお、これに限定されず、さまざまな公知のTADF材料を、発光性の材料に用いることができる。
キャリア輸送性を備える材料をホスト材料に用いることができる。例えば、正孔輸送性を有する材料、電子輸送性を有する材料、熱活性化遅延蛍光(TADF)を示す物質、アントラセン骨格を有する材料および混合材料等をホスト材料に用いることができる。なお、層711Xに含まれる発光性の材料より大きいバンドギャップを備える材料を、ホスト材料に用いる構成が好ましい。これにより、層711Xにおいて生じる励起子からホスト材料へのエネルギー移動を、抑制することができる。
正孔移動度が、1×10−6cm2/Vs以上である材料を、正孔輸送性を有する材料に好適に用いることができる。
例えば、金属錯体またはπ電子不足型複素芳香環骨格を有する有機化合物を、電子輸送性を有する材料に用いることができる。
アントラセン骨格を有する有機化合物を、ホスト材料に用いることができる。特に、発光物質に蛍光発光物質を用いる場合において、アントラセン骨格を有する有機化合物は好適である。これにより、発光効率および耐久性が良好な発光デバイスを実現することができる。
TADF材料をホスト材料に用いることができる。TADF材料は、三重項励起エネルギーを、逆項間交差によって一重項励起エネルギーに変換することができる。また、TADF材料において、キャリアが再結合する構成が好ましい。これにより、キャリアの再結合により生じた三重項励起エネルギーを一重項励起エネルギーに、逆項間交差により効率よく変換することができる。また、励起エネルギーを発光物質に移動することができる。換言すれば、TADF材料はエネルギードナーとして機能し、発光物質はエネルギーアクセプターとして機能する。これにより、発光デバイスの発光効率を高めることができる。
また、複数種の物質を混合した材料を、ホスト材料に用いることができる。例えば、電子輸送性を有する材料と正孔輸送性を有する材料を、混合材料に用いることができる。混合材料に含まれる正孔輸送性を有する材料と電子輸送性を有する材料の重量比の値は、(正孔輸送性を有する材料/電子輸送性を有する材料)=(1/19)以上(19/1)以下とすればよい。これにより、層711Xのキャリア輸送性を容易に調整することができる。また、再結合領域の制御も簡便に行うことができる。
りん光発光物質を混合した材料を、ホスト材料に用いることができる。りん光発光物質は、発光物質として蛍光発光物質を用いる際に蛍光発光物質へ励起エネルギーを供与するエネルギードナーとして用いることができる。
励起錯体を形成する材料を含む混合材料を、ホスト材料に用いることができる。例えば、形成される励起錯体の発光スペクトルが、発光物質の最も低エネルギー側の吸収帯の波長と重なる材料を、ホスト材料に用いることができる。これにより、エネルギー移動がスムーズとなり、発光効率を向上することができる。または、駆動電圧を抑制することができる。このような構成とすることにより、励起錯体から発光物質(燐光材料)へのエネルギー移動であるExTET(Exciplex−Triplet Energy Transfer)を用いた発光を効率よく得ることができる。
中間層706Xは、ユニット703Xまたはユニット703X2の一方に電子を供給し、他方に正孔を供給する機能を備える。
例えば、電子注入性を有する材料を、層706X2に用いることができる。また、層706X2を電子注入層ということができる。
例えば、アルカリ金属、アルカリ土類金属、希土類金属またはこれらの化合物(酸化物、ハロゲン化物、炭酸塩等)を、電子供与性を有する物質に用いることができる。または、テトラチアナフタセン(略称:TTN)、ニッケロセン、デカメチルニッケロセン等の有機化合物を、電子供与性を有する物質に用いることもできる。
また、複数種の物質を複合した材料を、電子注入性を有する材料に用いることができる。例えば、電子供与性を有する物質と電子輸送性を有する材料を、複合材料に用いることができる。
例えば、金属錯体またはπ電子不足型複素芳香環骨格を有する有機化合物を、電子輸送性を有する材料に用いることができる。
例えば、電圧を加えることにより、陽極側に電子を供給し、陰極側に正孔を供給する材料を、層706X1に用いることができる。具体的には、陽極側に配置されるユニット703Xに電子を供給することができ、陰極側に配置されるユニット703X2に正孔を供給することができる。また、層706X1を電荷発生層ということができる。
有機化合物および無機化合物を、アクセプタ性を有する物質に用いることができる。アクセプタ性を有する物質は、電界の印加により、隣接する正孔輸送層あるいは正孔輸送性を有する材料から電子を引き抜くことができる。
また、例えば、アクセプタ性を有する物質と正孔輸送性を有する材料を含む複合材料を、層706X1に用いることができる。
例えば、電子輸送性を有する材料を層706X3に用いることができる。また、層706X3を電子リレー層ということができる。層706X3を用いると、層706X3の陽極側に接する層を、層706X3の陰極側に接する層から遠ざけることができる。層706X3の陽極側に接する層と、層706X3の陰極側に接する層の間の相互作用を軽減することができる。また、層706X3の陽極側に接する層に電子をスムーズに供給することができる。
発光デバイス130Xは、電極111Xと、電極115Xと、ユニット703Xと、層704Xと、を有する。
例えば、導電性材料を電極111Xに用いることができる。具体的には、金属、合金または導電性化合物を含む膜を、単層または積層で電極111Xに用いることができる。
例えば、正孔注入性を有する材料を、層704Xに用いることができる。また、層704Xを正孔注入層ということができる。
例えば、層706X1に用いることができるアクセプタ性を有する物質を、層704Xに用いることができる。
また、例えば、アクセプタ性を有する物質と正孔輸送性を有する材料を含む複合材料を、層704Xに用いることができる。具体的には、層706X1に用いることができる複合材料を、層704Xに用いることができる。なお、当該複合材料を含む層704Xは、好ましくは、1×102[Ω・cm]以上1×108[Ω・cm]以下の電気抵抗率を備える。
また、発光デバイス130Xは、電極111Xと、電極115Xと、ユニット703X2と、層114Xと、を有する。
例えば、導電性材料を電極115Xに用いることができる。具体的には、金属、合金または導電性化合物を含む膜を、単層または積層で電極115Xに用いることができる。なお、導電性材料を他の発光デバイスと共用することができる。例えば、共通電極115の一部を電極115Xに用いることができる。
例えば、電子注入性を有する材料を、層114Xに用いることができる。また、層114Xを電子注入層ということができる。なお、電子注入性を有する材料を他の発光デバイスと共用することができる。例えば、共通層114の一部を層114Xに用いることができる。
例えば、アルカリ金属、アルカリ土類金属、希土類金属またはこれらの化合物(酸化物、ハロゲン化物、炭酸塩等)を、電子供与性を有する物質に用いることができる。または、テトラチアナフタセン(略称:TTN)、ニッケロセン、デカメチルニッケロセン等の有機化合物を、電子供与性を有する物質に用いることもできる。
また、複数種の物質を複合した材料を、電子注入性を有する材料に用いることができる。例えば、電子供与性を有する物質と電子輸送性を有する材料を、複合材料に用いることができる。
例えば、金属錯体またはπ電子不足型複素芳香環骨格を有する有機化合物を、電子輸送性を有する材料に用いることができる。
また、微結晶状態のアルカリ金属のフッ化物と電子輸送性を有する材料を、複合材料に用いることができる。または、微結晶状態のアルカリ土類金属のフッ化物と電子輸送性を有する材料を、複合材料に用いることができる。特に、アルカリ金属のフッ化物またはアルカリ土類金属のフッ化物を50wt%以上含む複合材料を好適に用いることができる。または、ビピリジン骨格を有する有機化合物を含む複合材料を好適に用いることができる。これにより、層114Xの屈折率を低下することができる。または、発光デバイスの外部量子効率を向上することができる。
例えば、非共有電子対を備える第1の有機化合物および第1の金属を含む複合材料を、層114Xに用いることができる。また、第1の有機化合物の電子数と第1の金属の電子数の合計が奇数であると好ましい。また、第1の有機化合物1モルに対する第1の金属のモル比率は、好ましくは0.1以上10以下、より好ましくは0.2以上2以下、さらに好ましくは0.2以上0.8以下である。
例えば、電子輸送性を有する材料を、非共有電子対を備える有機化合物に用いることができる。例えば、電子不足型複素芳香環を有する化合物を用いることができる。具体的には、ピリジン環、ジアジン環(ピリミジン環、ピラジン環、ピリダジン環)、トリアジン環の少なくとも一つを有する化合物を用いることができる。これにより、発光デバイスの駆動電圧を低減することができる。
例えば、非共有電子対を備える第1の有機化合物の電子数が偶数である場合、周期表における奇数の族である金属および第1の有機化合物の複合材料を、層114Xに用いることができる。
例えば、カルシウムとアルミニウムの混合酸化物に電子を高濃度添加した物質等を、電子注入性を有する材料に用いることができる。
本実施の形態では、本発明の一態様の表示装置について図3乃至図10を用いて説明する。
本実施の形態では、本発明の一態様の表示装置の作製方法について図11乃至図16を用いて説明する。なお、各要素の材料及び形成方法について、先に実施の形態1で説明した部分と同様の部分については説明を省略することがある。
本実施の形態では、本発明の一態様の表示装置について図17及び図18を用いて説明する。
本実施の形態では、主に、図3Aとは異なる画素レイアウトについて説明する。副画素の配列に特に限定はなく、様々な方法を適用することができる。副画素の配列としては、例えば、ストライプ配列、Sストライプ配列、マトリクス配列、デルタ配列、ベイヤー配列、ペンタイル配列などが挙げられる。
本実施の形態では、本発明の一態様の表示装置について図19乃至図29を用いて説明する。
図19Aに、表示モジュール280の斜視図を示す。表示モジュール280は、表示装置100Aと、FPC290と、を有する。なお、表示モジュール280が有する表示装置は表示装置100Aに限られず、後述する表示装置100B乃至表示装置100Fのいずれかであってもよい。
図20Aに示す表示装置100Aは、基板301、発光デバイス130R、発光デバイス130G、発光デバイス130B、容量240、及び、トランジスタ310を有する。
図21に示す表示装置100Bは、それぞれ半導体基板にチャネルが形成されるトランジスタ310Aと、トランジスタ310Bとが積層された構成を有する。なお、以降の表示装置の説明では、先に説明した表示装置と同様の部分については説明を省略することがある。
図22に示す表示装置100Cは、導電層341と導電層342を、バンプ347を介して接合する構成を有する。
図23に示す表示装置100Dは、トランジスタの構成が異なる点で、表示装置100Aと主に相違する。
図24に示す表示装置100Eは、それぞれチャネルが形成される半導体に酸化物半導体を有するトランジスタ320Aと、トランジスタ320Bとが積層された構成を有する。
図25に示す表示装置100Fは、基板301にチャネルが形成されるトランジスタ310と、チャネルが形成される半導体層に金属酸化物を含むトランジスタ320とが積層された構成を有する。
図26に、表示装置100Gの斜視図を示し、図27Aに、表示装置100Gの断面図を示す。
図28Aに示す表示装置100Hは、ボトムエミッション型の表示装置である点で、表示装置100Gと主に相違する。
図28Aに示す表示装置100Jは、受光デバイス150を有する点で、表示装置100Gと主に相違する。
本実施の形態では、本発明の一態様の表示装置に用いることができる発光デバイスについて説明する。
図30Aに示すように、発光デバイスは、一対の電極(下部電極761及び上部電極762)の間に、EL層763を有する。EL層763は、層780、発光層771、及び、層790などの複数の層で構成することができる。
本実施の形態では、本発明の一態様の表示装置に用いることができる受光デバイスと、受発光機能を有する表示装置と、について説明する。
図31Aに示すように、受光デバイスは、一対の電極(下部電極761及び上部電極762)の間に層765を有する。層765は、少なくとも1層の活性層を有し、さらに他の層を有していてもよい。
本発明の一態様の表示装置は、表示部に、発光デバイスがマトリクス状に配置されており、当該表示部で画像を表示することができる。また、当該表示部には、受光デバイスがマトリクス状に配置されており、表示部は、画像表示機能に加えて、撮像機能及びセンシング機能の一方または双方を有する。表示部は、イメージセンサまたはタッチセンサに用いることができる。つまり、表示部で光を検出することで、画像を撮像すること、または、対象物(指、手、またはペンなど)の近接もしくは接触を検出することができる。
本実施の形態では、本発明の一態様の電子機器について、図32乃至図34を用いて説明する。
本実施例で説明する作製した表示装置は、発光デバイス130Xと、発光デバイス130Yと、を有する(図35Aおよび図35B参照)。発光デバイス130Yは、発光デバイス130Xに隣接し、発光デバイス130Yは、発光デバイス130Xとの間に間隙を備える。
発光デバイスD111の構成を表1に示す。また、本実施例で説明する発光デバイスに用いた材料の構造式を以下に示す。なお、本実施例の表中において、下付き文字および上付き文字は、便宜上、標準の大きさで記載される。例えば、略称に用いる下付き文字および単位に用いる上付き文字は、表中において、標準の大きさで記載される。表中のこれらの記載は、明細書の記載を参酌して読み替えることができる。
下記のステップを有する方法を用いて、本実施例で説明する発光デバイスD111を作製した。
第1のステップにおいて、反射膜REFを形成した。具体的には、ターゲットに銀(Ag)、パラジウム(Pd)および銅(Cu)を含む合金(略称:APC)を用いて、スパッタリング法により形成した。
第2のステップにおいて、反射膜REF上に電極111Xを形成した。具体的には、ターゲットにケイ素若しくは酸化ケイ素を含有した酸化インジウム−酸化スズ(略称:ITSO)を用いて、スパッタリング法により形成した。
第3のステップにおいて、電極111X上に層704Xを形成した。具体的には、抵抗加熱法を用いて材料を共蒸着した。
第4のステップにおいて、層704X上に層712Xを形成した。具体的には、抵抗加熱法を用いて材料を蒸着した。
第5のステップにおいて、層712X上に層711Xを形成した。具体的には、抵抗加熱法を用いて材料を共蒸着した。
第6のステップにおいて、層711X上に層713X11を形成した。具体的には、抵抗加熱法を用いて材料を蒸着した。
第7のステップにおいて、層713X11上に層713X12を形成した。具体的には、抵抗加熱法を用いて材料を蒸着した。
第8のステップにおいて、層713X12上に層706X2を形成した。具体的には、抵抗加熱法を用いて材料を蒸着した。
第9のステップにおいて、層706X2上に層706X3を形成した。具体的には、抵抗加熱法を用いて材料を蒸着した。
第10のステップにおいて、層706X3上に層706X1を形成した。具体的には、抵抗加熱法を用いて材料を共蒸着した。
第11のステップにおいて、層706X1上に層712X2を形成した。具体的には、抵抗加熱法を用いて材料を蒸着した。
第12のステップにおいて、層712X2上に層711X2を形成した。具体的には、抵抗加熱法を用いて材料を共蒸着した。
第13のステップにおいて、層711X2上に層713X21を形成した。具体的には、抵抗加熱法を用いて材料を蒸着した。
第14のステップにおいて、層713X21上に層713X22を形成した。具体的には、抵抗加熱法を用いて材料を蒸着した。
試料を真空蒸着装置から取り出し、大気に暴露したのち、第15−1のステップにおいて、層713X22上に犠牲層SCR1を形成した。具体的には、トリメチルアルミニウム(略称:TMA)をプリカーサーに用い、水蒸気を酸化剤に用いて、ALD法により成膜した。
第15−2のステップにおいて、犠牲層SCR1上に犠牲層SCR2を形成した。具体的には、ターゲットにインジウム、ガリウム、亜鉛および酸素を含む複合酸化物(略称:IGZO)を用いて、スパッタリング法により成膜した。
第15−3のステップにおいて、犠牲層SCR2上にフォトレジストを用いてレジストを形成し、リソグラフィ法を用いて、犠牲層SCR2、犠牲層SCR1、層713X22、層713X21、層711X2、層712X2、706X1、706X3、706X2、層713X12、層713X11、層711X、層712Xおよび層704Xを所定の形状に加工した。
第15−4のステップにおいて、犠牲層SCR2、犠牲層SCR1およびレジストを除去し、層713X22が露出した状態に加工した。
第16のステップにおいて、層713X22上に層114Xを形成した。具体的には、抵抗加熱法を用いて材料を共蒸着した。
第17のステップにおいて、層114X上に電極115Xを形成した。具体的には、抵抗加熱法を用いて材料を共蒸着した。
第18のステップにおいて、電極115X上に層CAPを形成した。具体的には、抵抗加熱法を用いて材料を蒸着した。
電力を供給すると発光デバイスD111は光EL1Xおよび光EL2Xを射出した(図35B参照)。発光デバイスD111の動作特性を、室温にて測定した(図36乃至図40参照)。なお、輝度、CIE色度および発光スペクトルの測定には、分光放射計(トプコン社製、SR−UL1R)を用いた。
本実施例で説明する作製した発光デバイスD211は、発光デバイス130Xと同様の構成を備える(図35B参照)。発光デバイスD211の構成は、層114Xにおいて発光デバイスD111と異なる。具体的には、層114Xの厚さが、0.1nmに換えて0.5nmである点が発光デバイスD111とは異なる(表3参照)。ここでは、異なる部分について詳細に説明し、同様の構成を備える部分については、上記の説明を援用する。
下記のステップを有する方法を用いて、本実施例で説明する発光デバイスD211を作製した。
第8のステップにおいて、層713X12上に層706X2を形成した。具体的には、抵抗加熱法を用いて材料を蒸着した。
電力を供給すると発光デバイスD211は光EL1を射出した(図35B参照)。発光デバイスD211の動作特性を、室温にて測定した(図36乃至図40参照)。
本参考例で説明する作製した比較デバイスは、2,9−ジ(ナフタレン−2−イル)−4,7−ジフェニル−1,10−フェナントロリン(略称:NBPhen)を層713X12および層713X22に用いる点が、発光デバイスD111および発光デバイスD211とは異なる。ここでは、異なる部分について詳細に説明し、同様の構成を用いた部分については、上記の説明を援用する。
比較デバイスD110と発光デバイスD111の間にある構成の相違点および比較デバイスD210と発光デバイスD211の間にある構成の相違点を表3に示す。
下記のステップを有する方法を用いて、比較デバイスD110および比較デバイスD210を作製した。
第7のステップにおいて、層713X11上に層713X12を形成した。具体的には、抵抗加熱法を用いて材料を蒸着した。
第14のステップにおいて、層713X21上に層713X22を形成した。具体的には、抵抗加熱法を用いて材料を蒸着した。
比較デバイスD110および比較デバイスD210の動作特性を測定した。なお、測定は室温で行った。
本参考例で説明する作製した比較デバイスは、隣接する比較デバイス間にスリットが形成されていない点が、発光デバイスD111および発光デバイスD211とは異なる。ここでは、異なる部分について詳細に説明し、同様の構成を用いた部分については、上記の説明を援用する。
比較デバイスD101と発光デバイスD111の間にある構成の相違点および比較デバイスD201と発光デバイスD211の間にある構成の相違点を表3に示す。
下記のステップを有する方法を用いて、比較デバイスD101および比較デバイスD201を作製した。
第14のステップにおいて、層713X21上に層713X22を形成した。具体的には、抵抗加熱法を用いて材料を蒸着した。
第14のステップに続く第16のステップにおいて、層713X22上に層114Xを形成した。具体的には、抵抗加熱法を用いて材料を共蒸着した。
比較デバイスD101および比較デバイスD201の動作特性を測定した。なお、測定は室温で行った。
本参考例で説明する作製した比較デバイスは、2,9−ジ(ナフタレン−2−イル)−4,7−ジフェニル−1,10−フェナントロリン(略称:NBPhen)を層713X12および層713X22に用いる点および隣接する比較デバイス間にスリットが形成されていない点が、発光デバイスD111および発光デバイスD211とは異なる。ここでは、異なる部分について詳細に説明し、同様の構成を用いた部分については、上記の説明を援用する。
比較デバイスD100と発光デバイスD111の間にある構成の相違点および比較デバイスD200と発光デバイスD211の間にある構成の相違点を表3に示す。
下記のステップを有する方法を用いて、比較デバイスD100および比較デバイスD200を作製した。
第7のステップにおいて、層713X11上に層713X12を形成した。具体的には、抵抗加熱法を用いて材料を蒸着した。
第14のステップにおいて、層713X21上に層713X22を形成した。具体的には、抵抗加熱法を用いて材料を蒸着した。
第14のステップに続く第16のステップにおいて、層713X22上に層114Xを形成した。具体的には、抵抗加熱法を用いて材料を共蒸着した。
比較デバイスD110および比較デバイスD210の動作特性を測定した。なお、測定は室温で行った。
Claims (24)
- 第1の発光デバイスと、
第2の発光デバイスと、を有し、
前記第2の発光デバイスは、前記第1の発光デバイスに隣接し、
前記第2の発光デバイスは、前記第1の発光デバイスとの間に第1の間隙を備え、
前記第1の発光デバイスは、第1の画素電極、共通電極、第1のユニット、第2のユニットおよび第1の中間層を有し、
前記第1のユニットは、前記第1の画素電極および前記共通電極の間に挟まれ、
前記第2のユニットは、前記共通電極および前記第1のユニットの間に挟まれ、
前記第1の中間層は、前記第2のユニットおよび前記第1のユニットの間に挟まれ、
前記第1のユニットは、前記第1の中間層と接し、
前記第1のユニットは、第1の有機化合物を含み、
前記第1の有機化合物は、2,2’−ビピリジン骨格または1,10’−フェナントロリン骨格を複数備え、
前記第2の発光デバイスは、第2の画素電極、前記共通電極、第3のユニット、第4のユニットおよび第2の中間層を有し、
前記第2の画素電極は、前記第1の画素電極との間に第2の間隙を備え、
前記第3のユニットは、前記第2の画素電極および前記共通電極の間に挟まれ、
前記第4のユニットは、前記共通電極および前記第3のユニットの間に挟まれ、
前記第2の中間層は、前記第4のユニットおよび前記第3のユニットの間に挟まれ、
前記第3のユニットは、前記第2の中間層と接し、
前記第3のユニットは、前記第1の有機化合物を含み、
前記第3のユニットは、前記第1のユニットとの間に第3の間隙を備え、
前記第3の間隙は、前記第2の間隙と重なる、表示装置。 - 前記第1の有機化合物は、一般式(G0)で表される、請求項1に記載の表示装置。
A1およびA2は、それぞれ独立に、2,2’−ビピリジン骨格または1,10’−フェナントロリン骨格を表し、
前記2,2’−ビピリジン骨格または前記1,10’−フェナントロリン骨格は、置換もしくは無置換のアリール基、または置換もしくは無置換のヘテロアリール基のいずれか一方または両方をそれぞれ単数または複数有しても良く、前記置換の場合の置換基同士が互いに結合して縮合環を形成しても良く、
Arは、置換もしくは無置換の炭素数6乃至26のアリーレン基または置換もしくは無置換の炭素数2乃至26のヘテロアリーレン基を表し、
前記Arは、複数の芳香環から構成されても良く、その場合、前記複数の芳香環は、互いに結合して縮合環を形成しても良く、
iは、0以上2以下の整数である。 - 前記第2のユニットは、前記第1の有機化合物を含み、
前記第4のユニットは、前記第1の有機化合物を含み、
前記第4のユニットは、前記第2のユニットとの間に第4の間隙を備え、
前記第4の間隙は、前記第2の間隙と重なる、請求項1に記載の表示装置。 - 第1の絶縁層と、
第2の絶縁層と、を有し、
前記第1の絶縁層は、前記第1の中間層の上面の一部及び側面、並びに、前記第2の中間層の上面の一部及び側面を覆い、
前記第2の絶縁層は、前記第1の絶縁層を介して、前記第1の中間層の上面の一部及び側面、並びに、前記第2の中間層の上面の一部及び側面と重なり、
前記第2の絶縁層の上面は、前記共通電極に覆われ、
断面視において、前記第2の絶縁層の端部は、テーパ角90°未満のテーパ形状を有し、
前記第2の絶縁層は、前記第1の絶縁層の側面の少なくとも一部を覆う、請求項1に記載の表示装置。 - 前記第1のユニットは、アルカリ金属またはアルカリ土類金属を含み、
前記第3のユニットは、アルカリ金属またはアルカリ土類金属を含む、請求項1に記載の表示装置。 - 前記第1の中間層は、第1の層および第2の層を備え、
前記第2の層は、前記第1の層および前記第1のユニットの間に挟まれ、
前記第2の層は、前記第1のユニットと接し、
前記第2の層は、アルカリ金属化合物を含み、
前記第2の中間層は、第3の層および第4の層を備え、
前記第4の層は、前記第3の層および前記第3のユニットの間に挟まれ、
前記第4の層は、前記第3のユニットと接し、
前記第4の層は、アルカリ金属化合物を含む、請求項1に記載の表示装置。 - 前記第1の層は、ハロゲン基もしくはシアノ基を含む第2の有機化合物または遷移金属酸化物を含み、
前記第3の層は、ハロゲン基もしくはシアノ基を含む前記第2の有機化合物または前記遷移金属酸化物を含み、
前記第3の層は、前記第1の層との間に第5の間隙を備え、
前記第5の間隙は、前記第2の間隙と重なる、請求項6に記載の表示装置。 - 前記第1の発光デバイスは、第5の層を備え、
前記第5の層は、前記第1のユニットおよび前記第1の画素電極の間に挟まれ、
前記第5の層は、ハロゲン基もしくはシアノ基を含む第3の有機化合物または遷移金属酸化物を含み、
前記第2の発光デバイスは、第6の層を備え、
前記第6の層は、前記第1のユニットおよび前記第2の画素電極の間に挟まれ、
前記第6の層は、ハロゲン基もしくはシアノ基を含む前記第3の有機化合物または前記遷移金属酸化物を含み、
前記第6の層は、前記第5の層との間に第6の間隙を備え、
前記第6の間隙は、前記第2の間隙と重なる、請求項1に記載の表示装置。 - 前記第1の発光デバイスは、第7の層を備え、
前記第7の層は、前記共通電極および前記第2のユニットの間に挟まれ、
前記第7の層は、前記第2のユニットと接し、
前記第7の層は、アルカリ金属またはアルカリ土類金属を含み、
前記第2の発光デバイスは、前記第7の層を備え、
前記第7の層は、前記共通電極および前記第4のユニットの間に挟まれ、
前記第7の層は、前記第4のユニットと接し、
前記第7の層は、アルカリ金属またはアルカリ土類金属を含む、請求項1に記載の表示装置。 - 前記第2の絶縁層の端部は、前記第1の絶縁層の端部よりも外側に位置する、請求項4に記載の表示装置。
- 前記第2の絶縁層は、上面に凸曲面形状を有する、請求項4に記載の表示装置。
- 断面視において、前記第1の絶縁層の端部は、テーパ角90°未満のテーパ形状を有する、請求項4に記載の表示装置。
- 前記第2の絶縁層は、側面に凹曲面形状を有する、請求項4に記載の表示装置。
- 第3の絶縁層及び第4の絶縁層を有し、
前記第3の絶縁層は、前記第1の中間層の上面と、前記第1の絶縁層との間に位置し、
前記第4の絶縁層は、前記第2の中間層の上面と、前記第1の絶縁層との間に位置し、
前記第3の絶縁層の端部及び前記第4の絶縁層の端部は、それぞれ、前記第1の絶縁層の端部よりも外側に位置する、請求項4に記載の表示装置。 - 前記第2の絶縁層は、前記第3の絶縁層の側面の少なくとも一部と、前記第4の絶縁層の側面の少なくとも一部と、を覆う、請求項14に記載の表示装置。
- 断面視において、前記第3の絶縁層の端部及び前記第4の絶縁層の端部は、それぞれ、テーパ角90°未満のテーパ形状を有する、請求項14に記載の表示装置。
- 前記第1の絶縁層及び前記第2の絶縁層は、それぞれ、前記第1の画素電極の上面と重なる部分と、前記第2の画素電極の上面と重なる部分と、を有する、請求項4に記載の表示装置。
- 前記第1の中間層は、前記第1の画素電極の側面を覆い、
前記第2の中間層は、前記第2の画素電極の側面を覆う、請求項1に記載の表示装置。 - 断面視において、前記第1の画素電極の端部及び前記第2の画素電極の端部は、それぞれ、テーパ角90°未満のテーパ形状を有する、請求項1に記載の表示装置。
- 前記第1の絶縁層は、無機絶縁層であり、
前記第2の絶縁層は、有機絶縁層である、請求項4に記載の表示装置。 - 前記第1の絶縁層は、酸化アルミニウムを有する、請求項4に記載の表示装置。
- 前記第2の絶縁層は、アクリル樹脂を有する、請求項4に記載の表示装置。
- 請求項1乃至請求項22のいずれか一に記載の表示装置と、
コネクタ及び集積回路のうち少なくとも一方と、を有する、表示モジュール。 - 請求項23に記載の表示モジュールと、
筐体、バッテリ、カメラ、スピーカ、及びマイクのうち少なくとも一つと、を有する、電子機器。
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
KR1020247020886A KR20240113924A (ko) | 2021-11-26 | 2022-11-17 | 표시 장치, 표시 모듈, 및 전자 기기 |
JP2023563356A JPWO2023094944A1 (ja) | 2021-11-26 | 2022-11-17 | |
CN202280076418.3A CN118355745A (zh) | 2021-11-26 | 2022-11-17 | 显示装置、显示模块及电子设备 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2021-191685 | 2021-11-26 | ||
JP2021191685 | 2021-11-26 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2023094944A1 true WO2023094944A1 (ja) | 2023-06-01 |
Family
ID=86538912
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/IB2022/061052 WO2023094944A1 (ja) | 2021-11-26 | 2022-11-17 | 表示装置、表示モジュールおよび電子機器 |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
JP (1) | JPWO2023094944A1 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR20240113924A (ja) |
CN (1) | CN118355745A (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2023094944A1 (ja) |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2014082133A (ja) * | 2012-10-17 | 2014-05-08 | Semiconductor Energy Lab Co Ltd | 発光装置 |
JP2017168796A (ja) * | 2015-05-15 | 2017-09-21 | 株式会社半導体エネルギー研究所 | 発光素子、発光装置、電子機器及び照明装置 |
WO2020004086A1 (ja) * | 2018-06-25 | 2020-01-02 | ソニーセミコンダクタソリューションズ株式会社 | 有機el素子および有機el素子の製造方法 |
Family Cites Families (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN109937443A (zh) | 2016-11-10 | 2019-06-25 | 株式会社半导体能源研究所 | 显示装置及显示装置的驱动方法 |
CN116456742A (zh) | 2017-04-07 | 2023-07-18 | 株式会社半导体能源研究所 | 发光元件、显示装置、电子设备以及照明装置 |
-
2022
- 2022-11-17 KR KR1020247020886A patent/KR20240113924A/ko unknown
- 2022-11-17 CN CN202280076418.3A patent/CN118355745A/zh active Pending
- 2022-11-17 WO PCT/IB2022/061052 patent/WO2023094944A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2022-11-17 JP JP2023563356A patent/JPWO2023094944A1/ja active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2014082133A (ja) * | 2012-10-17 | 2014-05-08 | Semiconductor Energy Lab Co Ltd | 発光装置 |
JP2017168796A (ja) * | 2015-05-15 | 2017-09-21 | 株式会社半導体エネルギー研究所 | 発光素子、発光装置、電子機器及び照明装置 |
WO2020004086A1 (ja) * | 2018-06-25 | 2020-01-02 | ソニーセミコンダクタソリューションズ株式会社 | 有機el素子および有機el素子の製造方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
KR20240113924A (ko) | 2024-07-23 |
JPWO2023094944A1 (ja) | 2023-06-01 |
CN118355745A (zh) | 2024-07-16 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
WO2023094944A1 (ja) | 表示装置、表示モジュールおよび電子機器 | |
WO2023047249A1 (ja) | 表示装置、表示モジュールおよび電子機器 | |
WO2023131854A1 (ja) | 表示装置 | |
US20240381687A1 (en) | Display apparatus, display module, and electronic device | |
US20230200198A1 (en) | Light-emitting element, display device, and method for manufacturing the light-emitting element | |
US20240008352A1 (en) | Fabrication method of light-emitting device | |
WO2024116032A1 (ja) | 発光デバイス | |
WO2024141864A1 (ja) | 発光デバイス | |
US20230200104A1 (en) | Light-emitting element, display device, and method for manufacturing the light-emitting element | |
US20230337512A1 (en) | Light-Emitting Device And Fabrication Method Thereof | |
WO2024141881A1 (ja) | 発光デバイスおよび発光デバイスの作製方法 | |
US20220367831A1 (en) | Light-Emitting Device, Light-Emitting Apparatus, Electronic Appliance, and Lighting Device | |
WO2024141886A1 (ja) | 発光デバイス | |
US20240065016A1 (en) | Light-emitting device | |
WO2023002279A1 (ja) | 表示装置、表示モジュール、電子機器、及び、表示装置の作製方法 | |
WO2023139444A1 (ja) | 発光デバイス | |
US20240224574A1 (en) | Light-emitting device | |
US20240206217A1 (en) | Light-Emitting Device | |
WO2023187545A1 (ja) | 発光デバイスの作製方法 | |
WO2024141880A1 (ja) | 発光デバイス | |
US20230416201A1 (en) | Organic compound, light-emitting device, and light-receiving device | |
WO2024218626A1 (ja) | 発光デバイス | |
US20240341171A1 (en) | Light-receiving device, light-emitting and light-receiving apparatus, and electronic device | |
KR20240164533A (ko) | 발광 디바이스의 제작 방법 | |
JP2023164316A (ja) | 有機化合物、発光デバイス、発光装置 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 22898030 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2023563356 Country of ref document: JP Kind code of ref document: A |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 18707662 Country of ref document: US |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 202280076418.3 Country of ref document: CN |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 20247020886 Country of ref document: KR Kind code of ref document: A |
|
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |