WO2023052314A1 - Materials for electronic devices - Google Patents
Materials for electronic devices Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2023052314A1 WO2023052314A1 PCT/EP2022/076741 EP2022076741W WO2023052314A1 WO 2023052314 A1 WO2023052314 A1 WO 2023052314A1 EP 2022076741 W EP2022076741 W EP 2022076741W WO 2023052314 A1 WO2023052314 A1 WO 2023052314A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- aromatic
- groups
- substituted
- radicals
- formula
- Prior art date
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title description 47
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 124
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 144
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 125
- -1 heteroaliphatic Chemical group 0.000 claims description 82
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 50
- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 38
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 26
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000005525 hole transport Effects 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- JYEUMXHLPRZUAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3-triazine Chemical group C1=CN=NN=C1 JYEUMXHLPRZUAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052805 deuterium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 125000000304 alkynyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 12
- 125000006165 cyclic alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012044 organic layer Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- NGDCLPXRKSWRPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triptycene Chemical compound C12=CC=CC=C2C2C3=CC=CC=C3C1C1=CC=CC=C12 NGDCLPXRKSWRPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002346 layers by function Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000412 dendrimer Substances 0.000 claims 3
- 229920000736 dendritic polymer Polymers 0.000 claims 3
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 41
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 41
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 39
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 13
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 13
- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Naphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- YJTKZCDBKVTVBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-Diphenylbenzene Chemical group C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 YJTKZCDBKVTVBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 239000004305 biphenyl Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229910052751 metal Chemical group 0.000 description 11
- 239000002184 metal Chemical group 0.000 description 11
- YNPNZTXNASCQKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenanthrene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C=CC2=C1 YNPNZTXNASCQKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- FCEHBMOGCRZNNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-benzothiophene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2SC=CC2=C1 FCEHBMOGCRZNNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- UJOBWOGCFQCDNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9H-carbazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3NC2=C1 UJOBWOGCFQCDNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- SIKJAQJRHWYJAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Indole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC=CC2=C1 SIKJAQJRHWYJAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Quinoline Chemical compound N1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- TXCDCPKCNAJMEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibenzofuran Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3OC2=C1 TXCDCPKCNAJMEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- IYYZUPMFVPLQIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibenzothiophene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3SC2=C1 IYYZUPMFVPLQIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 description 10
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 10
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 9
- ICPSWZFVWAPUKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1'-spirobi[fluorene] Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C=C3C4(C=5C(C6=CC=CC=C6C=5)=CC=C4)C=CC=C3C2=C1 ICPSWZFVWAPUKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- KYQCOXFCLRTKLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrazine Chemical compound C1=CN=CC=N1 KYQCOXFCLRTKLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- CZPWVGJYEJSRLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrimidine Chemical compound C1=CN=CN=C1 CZPWVGJYEJSRLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000006069 Suzuki reaction reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthracene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC=CC=C3C=C21 MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 235000010290 biphenyl Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thiophene Chemical compound C=1C=CSC=1 YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 7
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- BBEAQIROQSPTKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C=CC3=CC=CC4=CC=C1C2=C43 BBEAQIROQSPTKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- JWVCLYRUEFBMGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N quinazoline Chemical compound N1=CN=CC2=CC=CC=C21 JWVCLYRUEFBMGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- DDGPPAMADXTGTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chloro-4,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-triazine Chemical compound N=1C(Cl)=NC(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=NC=1C1=CC=CC=C1 DDGPPAMADXTGTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- GVEPBJHOBDJJJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoranthrene Natural products C1=CC(C2=CC=CC=C22)=C3C2=CC=CC3=C1 GVEPBJHOBDJJJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- RMBPEFMHABBEKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluorene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=C[CH]C=CC3=CC2=C1 RMBPEFMHABBEKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- NIHNNTQXNPWCJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N o-biphenylenemethane Natural products C1=CC=C2CC3=CC=CC=C3C2=C1 NIHNNTQXNPWCJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Furan Chemical compound C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- PCNDJXKNXGMECE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenazine Natural products C1=CC=CC2=NC3=CC=CC=C3N=C21 PCNDJXKNXGMECE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- SLGBZMMZGDRARJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triphenylene Natural products C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C3=CC=CC=C3C2=C1 SLGBZMMZGDRARJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- RFRXIWQYSOIBDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzarone Chemical compound CCC=1OC2=CC=CC=C2C=1C(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 RFRXIWQYSOIBDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000005401 electroluminescence Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000004128 high performance liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 description 5
- WUNJCKOTXFSWBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N indeno[2,1-a]carbazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C=C3C4=NC5=CC=CC=C5C4=CC=C3C2=C1 WUNJCKOTXFSWBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- PZOUSPYUWWUPPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N indole Natural products CC1=CC=CC2=C1C=CN2 PZOUSPYUWWUPPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- RKJUIXBNRJVNHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N indolenine Natural products C1=CC=C2CC=NC2=C1 RKJUIXBNRJVNHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen Substances N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 5
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 5
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 125000005580 triphenylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- DXBHBZVCASKNBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Benz(a)anthracene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=CC4=CC=CC=C4C=C3C=CC2=C1 DXBHBZVCASKNBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QPUYECUOLPXSFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methylnaphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(C)=CC=CC2=C1 QPUYECUOLPXSFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- HYZJCKYKOHLVJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1H-benzimidazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC=NC2=C1 HYZJCKYKOHLVJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- DMEVMYSQZPJFOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,4,5,6,9,10-hexazatetracyclo[12.4.0.02,7.08,13]octadeca-1(18),2(7),3,5,8(13),9,11,14,16-nonaene Chemical group N1=NN=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C3=CC=NN=C3C2=N1 DMEVMYSQZPJFOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 101100457453 Saccharomyces cerevisiae (strain ATCC 204508 / S288c) MNL1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- IOJUPLGTWVMSFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzothiazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2SC=NC2=C1 IOJUPLGTWVMSFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000012043 crude product Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 4
- 125000004986 diarylamino group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- VVVPGLRKXQSQSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N indolo[3,2-c]carbazole Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=NC3=C4C5=CC=CC=C5N=C4C=CC3=C21 VVVPGLRKXQSQSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229960005544 indolocarbazole Drugs 0.000 description 4
- AWJUIBRHMBBTKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N isoquinoline Chemical compound C1=NC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 AWJUIBRHMBBTKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 description 4
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- PBMFSQRYOILNGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridazine Chemical compound C1=CC=NN=C1 PBMFSQRYOILNGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000012258 stirred mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- KAESVJOAVNADME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1H-pyrrole Natural products C=1C=CNC=1 KAESVJOAVNADME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- RAFKCLFWELPONH-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetonitrile;dichloromethane Chemical compound CC#N.ClCCl RAFKCLFWELPONH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000004982 aromatic amines Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 238000004587 chromatography analysis Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010549 co-Evaporation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002274 desiccant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 3
- RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidazole Natural products C1=CNC=N1 RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000008204 material by function Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- MPQXHAGKBWFSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxidophosphanium Chemical class [PH3]=O MPQXHAGKBWFSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HXITXNWTGFUOAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylboronic acid Chemical compound OB(O)C1=CC=CC=C1 HXITXNWTGFUOAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 description 3
- CXWXQJXEFPUFDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetralin Chemical compound C1=CC=C2CCCCC2=C1 CXWXQJXEFPUFDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229930192474 thiophene Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 3
- 125000005259 triarylamine group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- BFIMMTCNYPIMRN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3,5-tetramethylbenzene Chemical compound CC1=CC(C)=C(C)C(C)=C1 BFIMMTCNYPIMRN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IVSZLXZYQVIEFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-Dimethylbenzene Natural products CC1=CC=CC(C)=C1 IVSZLXZYQVIEFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CHLICZRVGGXEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Methoxy-4-methylbenzene Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1 CHLICZRVGGXEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LBNXAWYDQUGHGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Phenylheptane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1 LBNXAWYDQUGHGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NPDIDUXTRAITDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methyl-3-phenylbenzene Chemical group CC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 NPDIDUXTRAITDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WJFKNYWRSNBZNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 10H-phenothiazine Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC3=CC=CC=C3SC2=C1 WJFKNYWRSNBZNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- TZMSYXZUNZXBOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 10H-phenoxazine Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC3=CC=CC=C3OC2=C1 TZMSYXZUNZXBOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005160 1H NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- DXYYSGDWQCSKKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylbenzothiazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2SC(C)=NC2=C1 DXYYSGDWQCSKKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VQGHOUODWALEFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-phenylpyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=N1 VQGHOUODWALEFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KDCGOANMDULRCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7H-purine Chemical compound N1=CNC2=NC=NC2=C1 KDCGOANMDULRCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BPMFPOGUJAAYHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9H-Pyrido[2,3-b]indole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3NC2=N1 BPMFPOGUJAAYHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KWOLFJPFCHCOCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetophenone Chemical compound CC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 KWOLFJPFCHCOCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium chloride Substances [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ROFVEXUMMXZLPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bipyridyl Chemical compound N1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=N1 ROFVEXUMMXZLPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bromide Chemical compound [Br-] CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LTEQMZWBSYACLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hexylbenzene Chemical compound CCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1 LTEQMZWBSYACLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- URLKBWYHVLBVBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Para-Xylene Chemical group CC1=CC=C(C)C=C1 URLKBWYHVLBVBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PWATWSYOIIXYMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentylbenzene Chemical compound CCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1 PWATWSYOIIXYMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DZBUGLKDJFMEHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N acridine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC=CC=C3N=C21 DZBUGLKDJFMEHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia Natural products N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- RDOXTESZEPMUJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N anisole Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC=C1 RDOXTESZEPMUJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000005577 anthracene group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000008365 aromatic ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical group [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- IPWKHHSGDUIRAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(pinacolato)diboron Chemical compound O1C(C)(C)C(C)(C)OB1B1OC(C)(C)C(C)(C)O1 IPWKHHSGDUIRAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000006795 borylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- XSIFPSYPOVKYCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl benzoate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 XSIFPSYPOVKYCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- RMNIZOOYFMNEJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-K tripotassium;phosphate;hydrate Chemical compound O.[K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O RMNIZOOYFMNEJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- YGPLLMPPZRUGTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N truxene Chemical compound C1C2=CC=CC=C2C(C2=C3C4=CC=CC=C4C2)=C1C1=C3CC2=CC=CC=C21 YGPLLMPPZRUGTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001930 tungsten oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007738 vacuum evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002061 vacuum sublimation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001935 vanadium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001947 vapour-phase growth Methods 0.000 description 1
- ABDKAPXRBAPSQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N veratrole Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC=C1OC ABDKAPXRBAPSQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PXXNTAGJWPJAGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N vertaline Natural products C1C2C=3C=C(OC)C(OC)=CC=3OC(C=C3)=CC=C3CCC(=O)OC1CC1N2CCCC1 PXXNTAGJWPJAGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 150000003751 zinc Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- YVTHLONGBIQYBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc indium(3+) oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O--].[Zn++].[In+3] YVTHLONGBIQYBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003754 zirconium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- C07D251/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3,5-triazine rings not condensed with other rings having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to at least one ring carbon atom
- C07D251/24—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3,5-triazine rings not condensed with other rings having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to at least one ring carbon atom to three ring carbon atoms
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to materials for use in electronic devices, in particular in organic electroluminescent devices, and electronic devices, in particular organic electroluminescent devices containing these materials.
- Organic-based charge transport materials e.g. triarylamine-based hole transporters
- organic or polymer light-emitting diodes OLEDs or PLEDs
- O-SC organic solar cells
- O-FET organic field effect transistors
- O-TFT organic thin-film transistors
- O-IC organic switching elements
- O-lasers organic laser diodes
- Electronic devices within the meaning of this invention are understood to mean organic electronic devices which contain organic semiconductor materials as functional materials.
- the electronic devices stand for electroluminescent devices such as OLEDs.
- OLEDs in which organic compounds are used as functional materials are known to the person skilled in the art from the prior art.
- OLEDs are electronic devices that have one or more layers that include organic compounds and emit light when a voltage is applied.
- Electronic devices usually comprise a cathode, an anode and at least one functional, preferably emissive, layer. In addition to these layers, they can also contain further layers, for example one or more hole injection layers, hole transport layers, hole blocking layers, electron transport layers, electron injection layers, exciton blocking layers, electron blocking layers and/or charge generation layers. .
- the object of the present invention is to provide compounds which are suitable for use in an electronic device, in particular an OLED, in particular as material for hole-transport layers or material for electron-transport layers, and lead to good properties there.
- the present invention relates to a compound of the formula (1),
- X is the same or different on each occurrence of CR or N with the proviso that a maximum of two groups of X per cycle are N;
- R is the same or different on each occurrence and is an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 60 aromatic ring atoms, preferably having 5 to 40 aromatic ring atoms, which can each be substituted by one or more R 1 radicals;
- Ar' is identical or different on each occurrence and is an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 40 aromatic ring atoms, which can be substituted by one or more R 1 radicals, where two or more R 1 groups can form an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system together;
- R 2 is the same or different on each occurrence and is H, D, F, CN or an aliphatic, aromatic or heteroaromatic organic radical having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, in which one or more H atoms can also be replaced by D or F; two or more substituents R 2 can be linked to one another and form a ring.
- An aryl group within the meaning of this invention contains 6 to 40 carbon atoms; a heteroaryl group within the meaning of this invention contains 5 to 40 carbon atoms and at least one heteroatom, with the proviso that the sum of carbon atoms and heteroatoms is at least 5.
- the heteroatoms are preferably selected from N, O and/or S.
- An aryl group or heteroaryl group is either a simple aromatic cycle, ie benzene, or a simple heteroaromatic cycle, for example pyridine, pyrimidine, thiophene, etc., or one fused (fused) aryl or heteroaryl group, for example naphthalene, anthracene, phenanthrene, quinoline, isoquinoline, etc. understood.
- aromatics linked to one another by a single bond, such as biphenyl are not referred to as aryl or heteroaryl groups, but as aromatic ring systems.
- An aromatic ring system within the meaning of this invention contains 6 to 60 carbon atoms, preferably 6 to 40 carbon atoms in the ring system.
- a heteroaromatic ring system within the meaning of this invention contains 1 to 60 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 40 carbon atoms and at least one heteroatom in the ring system, with the proviso that the sum of carbon atoms and heteroatoms is at least 5.
- the heteroatoms are preferably selected from N, O and/or S.
- An aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system in the context of this invention is to be understood as meaning a system which does not necessarily only contain aryl or heteroaryl groups, but also in which several aryl or heteroaryl groups a non-aromatic moiety (preferably less than 10% of the non-H atoms), such as e.g. B. a C, N or O atom or carbonyl group can be connected.
- aryl or heteroaryl groups preferably less than 10% of the non-H atoms
- two or more aryl or heteroaryl groups are linked directly to each other, such as. B. biphenyl, terphenyl, bipyridine or phenylpyridine.
- systems such as fluorene, 9,9'-spirobifluorene, 9,9-diarylfluorene, triarylamine, diaryl ether, stilbene, etc. should also be understood as aromatic ring systems for the purposes of this invention, and also systems in which two or more aryl groups, for example are linked by a linear or cyclic alkyl group or by a Si ly I group.
- Preferred aromatic or heteroaromatic ring systems are simple aryl or heteroaryl groups and groups in which two or more aryl or heteroaryl groups are linked directly to one another, for example biphenyl, terphenyl, quaterphenyl or bipyridine, and also fluorene or spirobifluorene.
- An electron-rich heteroaromatic ring system is characterized in that it is a heteroaromatic ring system that does not contain any electron-deficient heteroaryl groups.
- An electron-deficient heteroaryl group is a six-membered-membered heteroaryl group containing at least one nitrogen atom or a five-membered-membered heteroaryl group containing at least two heteroatoms, one of which is a nitrogen atom and the other is oxygen, sulfur or a substituted nitrogen atom, further aryl or heteroaryl groups being attached to each of these groups can be condensed.
- electron-rich heteroaryl groups are five-membered-membered heteroaryl groups with exactly one heteroatom selected from oxygen, sulfur or substituted nitrogen, to which further aryl groups and/or further electron-rich five-membered-membered heteroaryl groups can be fused.
- electron-rich heteroaryl groups are pyrrole, furan, thiophene, indole, benzofuran, benzothiophene, carbazole, dibenzofuran, dibenzothiophene or indenocarbazole.
- An electron-rich heteroaryl group is also referred to as an electron-rich heteroaromatic radical.
- An electron-deficient heteroaromatic ring system is characterized as containing at least one electron-deficient heteroaryl group, and more preferably no electron-rich heteroaryl groups.
- alkyl group is used as a generic term both for linear or branched alkyl groups and for cyclic alkyl groups.
- alkenyl group and alkynyl group are used as generic terms both for linear or branched alkenyl or alkynyl groups and for cyclic alkenyl or alkynyl groups.
- a cyclic alkyl, alkoxy or thioalkoxy group in the context of this invention is understood as meaning a monocyclic, a bicyclic or a polycyclic group.
- an aliphatic hydrocarbon radical or an alkyl group or an alkenyl or alkynyl group which can contain 1 to 40 carbon atoms, and in which individual H atoms or CH 2 groups are also substituted by the abovementioned groups can be, preferably the radicals methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, i-propyl, n-butyl, i-butyl, s-butyl, t-butyl, 2-methylbutyl, n-pentyl, s-pentyl, t-pentyl, 2-pentyl, neo-pentyl, cyclopentyl, n-hexyl, s-hexyl, t-hexyl, 2-hexyl, 3-hexyl, neo-hexyl, cyclohexyl, 1-methylcyclopentyl, 2-methylpentyl, n-
- An alkoxy group OR 1 having 1 to 40 carbon atoms is preferably methoxy, trifluoromethoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, i-propoxy, n-butoxy, i-butoxy, s-butoxy, t-butoxy, n-pentoxy, s-pentoxy, 2-methylbutoxy, n-hexoxy, cyclohexyloxy, n-heptoxy, cycloheptyloxy, n-Octyloxy, cyclooctyloxy, 2-ethylhexyloxy, pentafluoroethoxy and 2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy understood.
- a thioalkyl group SR 1 having 1 to 40 carbon atoms is, in particular, methylthio, ethylthio, n-propylthio, i-propylthio, n-butylthio, i-butylthio, s-butylthio, t-butylthio, n-pentylthio, s-pentylthio, n-hexylthio, cyclohexylthio, n-heptylthio, cycloheptylthio, n-octylthio, cyclooctylthio, 2-ethylhexylthio, trifluoromethylthio, pentafluoroethylthio, 2,2,2-trifluoroethylthio, ethenylthio, propenylthio, butenylthio, pentenylthio, cyclopenten
- alkyl, alkoxy or thioalkyl groups according to the present invention can be straight-chain, branched or cyclic, it being possible for one or more non-adjacent CH2 groups to be replaced by the groups mentioned above; furthermore, one or more H atoms can also be replaced by D, F, Cl, Br, I, CN or NO2, preferably F, Cl or CN, particularly preferably F or CN.
- aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system with 5 - 60 aromatic ring atoms, preferably 5 - 40 aromatic ring atoms, which can be substituted in each case with the above-mentioned radicals or a hydrocarbon radical and which can be linked via any positions on the aromatic or heteroaromatic, in particular Understood groups derived from benzene, naphthalene, anthracene, benzanthracene, phenanthrene, pyrene, chrysene, perylene, fluoranthene, naphthacene, pentacene, benzopyrene, biphenyl, biphenylene, terphenyl, triphenylene, fluorene, spirobifluorene, dihydrophenanthrene, dihydropyrene, tetrahydropyrene, cis - or trans-indenofluorene, cis- or trans-indenocarbazole, cis-
- the above formulation should also be understood to mean that if one of the two radicals is hydrogen, the second radical binds to the position to which the hydrogen atom was bonded, forming a ring. This should be illustrated by the following scheme:
- Ar 1 is identical or different on each occurrence, a bivalent aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 60 aromatic ring atoms, preferably having 5 to 40 aromatic ring atoms, which can be substituted by one or more radicals R 1 ;
- X is CR
- all Xs are CR, where R is
- Preferred embodiments of the compounds of the formulas (2), (3) and (4) are the following compounds of the formulas (2-1) to (4-1):
- the compounds of formulas (2) and (3) or their preferred embodiments may form a pair of enantiomers depending on the substitution.
- the compound according to the invention is preferably present as a racemate, but it can also be present as a pure enantiomer.
- R, Ar 1 , Ar', R', R", R 1 and R 2 are described below.
- the preferences given below for R, Ar 1 , Ar′, R′, R′′, R 1 and R 2 occur simultaneously and apply to the structures of the formula (1) and to all preferred ones listed above embodiments.
- R is selected identically or differently on each occurrence from the group consisting of H, D, F, CN, OR 1 , a straight-chain alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms or an alkenyl group having 2 to 10 carbon Atoms or a branched or cyclic alkyl group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, in which case the alkyl or alkenyl group can be substituted by one or more radicals R 1 , but is preferably unsubstituted, and in which one or more non-adjacent CH 2 groups can be replaced by 0 , or an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 6 to 30 aromatic ring atoms, each of which can be substituted by one or more radicals R 1 ; two radicals R can also form an aliphatic, aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system with one another.
- R is particularly preferably selected identically or differently on each occurrence from the group consisting of H, F, CN, a straight-chain alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, in particular having 1, 2, 3 or 4 carbon atoms, or a branched or cyclic alkyl group having 3 to 6 carbon atoms, where each alkyl group may be substituted by one or more radicals R 1 , but is preferably unsubstituted, or an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 6 to 24 aromatic ring atoms, each of which is substituted by one or more radicals R 1 , preferably non-aromatic radicals R 1 , can be substituted.
- R is very particularly preferably selected on each occurrence, identically or differently, from the group consisting of H or an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 6 to 24 aromatic ring atoms, which can be substituted by one or more radicals R 2 , preferably non-aromatic radicals R 2 .
- Suitable aromatic or heteroaromatic ring systems R are selected from phenyl, biphenyl, in particular ortho-, meta- or para-biphenyl, terphenyl, in particular ortho-, meta-, para- or branched terphenyl, quaterphenyl, in particular ortho-, meta-, para - or branched quaterphenyl, fluorene, which can be linked via the 1-, 2-, 3- or 4-position, spirobifluorene, which can be linked via the 1-, 2-, 3- or 4-position, naphthalene, which can be linked via the 1- or 2-position, indole, benzofuran, benzothiophene, which can be linked via the 1-, 2-, 3- or 4-position, dibenzofuran, carbazole, which can be linked via the 1-, 2- -, 3- or 4-position, dibenzothiophene, which can be linked via the 1-, 2-, 3- or 4-position, indenocarbazole, indolocarbazole
- the groups R are preferably selected from the groups of the following formulas R-1 to R-163,
- Ar 3 is identical or different on each occurrence, a bivalent aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 6 to 18 aromatic ring atoms, which can be substituted by one or more radicals R 1 ;
- a 1 is identical or different on each occurrence, BR 1 , C(R 1 ) 2 , NR 1 , O or S, preferably C(R 1 ) 2 , NR 1 , O or S;
- Ar 3 comprises divalent aromatic or heteroaromatic ring systems based on the groups of R-1 to R-163, where p is 0 and the dashed bond and an R 1 is the bond to the aromatic or heteroaromatic group is after R-1 to R-163.
- the substituent R 1 which is bonded to the nitrogen atom is preferably an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 24 aromatic ring atoms, which can also be substituted by one or more R 2 radicals.
- this substituent R 1 is identical or different on each occurrence for an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 6 to 24 aromatic ring atoms, preferably having 6 to 12 aromatic ring atoms, which has no fused aryl groups or heteroaryl groups in which two or more aromatic or heteroaromatic 6-ring groups are fused directly to one another, and which can each also be substituted by one or more R 2 radicals.
- phenyl, biphenyl, terphenyl and quaterphenyl with linkage patterns as listed above for R-1 to R-35 it being possible for these structures to be substituted by one or more radicals R 1 , but they are preferably unsubstituted.
- a 1 is C(R 1 ) 2
- the substituents R 1 bonded to this carbon atom are preferably identical or different on each occurrence for a linear alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms or for a branched or cyclic alkyl group with 3 to 10 carbon atoms or for an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system with 5 to 24 aromatic ring atoms, which can also be substituted by one or more radicals R 2 .
- R 1 very particularly preferably represents a methyl group or a phenyl group.
- the radicals R 1 can also form a ring system with one another, which leads to a spiro system.
- Suitable aromatic or heteroaromatic ring systems R" are selected from phenyl, biphenyl, in particular ortho-, meta- or para-biphenyl, terphenyl, in particular ortho-, meta-, para- or branched terphenyl, quaterphenyl, in particular ortho-, meta-, para- or branched quaterphenyl, fluorene, which can be linked via the 1-, 2-, 3- or 4-position, spirobifluorene, which can be linked via the 1-, 2-, 3- or 4-position, naphthalene, which can be linked via the 1- or 2-position, indole, benzofuran, benzothiophene, which can be linked via the 1-, 2-, 3- or 4-position, dibenzofuran, carbazole, which can be linked via the 1-, 2-, 3- or 4-position can be linked, dibenzothiophene, which can be linked via the 1-, 2-, 3- or 4-position, indenocarbazole, indolocarbazol
- the groups R" represent an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system, they are preferably selected from the groups of the formulas R-1 to R-163, preferably R-1 to R-26, R-36 to R-38, R-44 to R-69.
- R' is selected identically or differently on each occurrence from the group consisting of D, F, CN, OR 1 , an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 6 to 30 aromatic ring atoms, each of which is replaced by one or more radicals R 1 may be substituted, provided that at least when two R' are present, one or both R' comprise at least one triazine group substituted with two R'' groups.
- R' is particularly preferably selected identically or differently on each occurrence from the group consisting of D, F, CN or an aromatic tic or heteroaromatic ring system having 6 to 24 aromatic ring atoms, each of which can be substituted by one or more radicals R 2 , preferably non-aromatic radicals R 2 , with the proviso that at least when two R 'are present, one or both R 'Include at least one triazine group which is substituted with two radicals R'.
- Suitable aromatic or heteroaromatic ring systems R' are selected from phenyl, biphenyl, in particular ortho-, meta- or para-biphenyl, terphenyl, in particular ortho-, meta-, para- or branched terphenyl, quaterphenyl, in particular ortho-, meta-, para- or branched quaterphenyl, fluorene, which can be linked via the 1-, 2-, 3- or 4-position, spirobifluorene, which can be linked via the 1-, 2-, 3- or 4-position, naphthalene, which can be linked via the 1- or 2-position, indole, benzofuran, benzothiophene, which can be linked via the 1-, 2-, 3- or 4-position, dibenzofuran, carbazole, which can be linked via the 1-, 2-, 3- or 4-position can be linked, dibenzothiophene, which can be linked via the 1-, 2-, 3- or 4-position, indenocarbazole, indolocarbazol
- the groups R′ if they represent an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system, are preferably selected from the groups of the following formulas R-1 to R-163, where if two groups R′ are present, at least one represents R-79 .
- R 1 is identical or different on each occurrence selected from the group consisting of H, D, F, CN, OR 2 , a straight-chain alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms or an alkenyl group having 2 to 10 C atoms or a branched or cyclic alkyl group with 3 to 10 C atoms, the alkyl or alkenyl group each having one or more radicals R 2 may be substituted and where one or more non-adjacent CH2 groups may be replaced by 0, or an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 6 to 30 aromatic ring atoms, each of which may be substituted by one or more R 2 radicals; two or more radicals R 1 can form an aliphatic ring system with one another.
- R 1 is identical or different on each occurrence selected from the group consisting of H, a straight-chain alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, in particular having 1, 2, 3 or 4 carbon atoms, or one branched or cyclic alkyl group having 3 to 6 carbon atoms, where the alkyl group may be substituted by one or more radicals R 2 , but is preferably unsubstituted, or an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 6 to 24 aromatic ring atoms, each of which is substituted by one or more R 2 radicals may be substituted, but is preferably unsubstituted.
- R 2 is the same or different on each occurrence of H, F, an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or an aryl group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms which is linked to an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms. Atoms may be substituted, but is preferably unsubstituted.
- all radicals R 1 if they represent an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system, or R 2 if they represent aromatic or heteroaromatic groups, are selected from the groups R-1 to R-163, which, however, then are each substituted accordingly with R 2 or the groups mentioned for R 2 .
- radicals R do not form any further aromatic or heteroaromatic groups fused onto the basic structure of the formula (1).
- R on each occurrence is identical or different for H, D, F, CN or a group selected from the groups R-1 to R-163, with the proviso that p is 0 and R 1 represents H, D, F or CN for these groups, the groups R-1 to R-48, R-114 to R-120 being preferred.
- R is the same or different on each occurrence on all cycles of the compound of formula (1) for H, D, F or CN, preferably H, except on the cycle to which the triazine group is attached.
- R′′ is the same or different on each occurrence for a group R-1 to R-163, where R 1 is H, D, F or CN for these groups.
- R'' and R' on each occurrence represent a group R-1 to R-163, where R 1 represents H, D, F or CN for these groups.
- At least one Ar 1 , R'' and/or R' comprises more than 6 aromatic ring atoms.
- At least one Ar 1 , R" and/or R' is selected from one of the groups R-44 to R-78, R-112, R-113, R-143, R-146, R-153 to R-163 with the proviso that p is 0, and in the case of Ar 1 there is a divalent group in which an R 1 represents the further bond to the triazine.
- the alkyl groups in compounds according to the invention which are processed by vacuum evaporation preferably have no more than five carbon atoms, particularly preferably no more than 4 carbon atoms, very particularly preferably no more than 1 carbon atom.
- compounds that are processed from solution are also compounds that are substituted with alkyl groups, especially branched alkyl groups, having up to 10 carbon atoms or with oligoarylene groups, such as ortho-, meta-, para- or branched terphenyl or quaterphenyl groups are substituted.
- alkyl groups especially branched alkyl groups, having up to 10 carbon atoms or with oligoarylene groups, such as ortho-, meta-, para- or branched terphenyl or quaterphenyl groups are substituted.
- the preferred embodiments mentioned above can be combined with one another at will within the limitations defined in claim 1. In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the preferences mentioned above occur simultaneously.
- the compounds according to the invention can be prepared by synthesis steps known to those skilled in the art, such as, for. B. bromination, Suzuki coupling, Ullmann coupling, Heck reaction, Hartwig-Buchwald coupling, etc., are shown.
- a further subject of the present invention is therefore a process for the preparation of the compounds according to the invention, characterized by the following steps: (A) Synthesis of the basic structure according to formula (1);
- the cyanation can also take place starting from the triflate.
- Trz triazine
- Suzuki coupling with an aryl/heteroaryl boronic acid or ester ((HO)2B-Ar), followed by a ruthenium-catalyzed triflate bromide Exchange, palladium-catalyzed borylation of the bromide, and final Suzuki coupling with a chlorotriazine: being represented.
- Formulations of the compounds according to the invention are required for the processing of the compounds according to the invention from the liquid phase, for example by spin coating or by printing processes. These formulations can be, for example, solutions, dispersions or emulsions. It may be preferable to use mixtures of two or more solvents for this.
- Suitable and preferred solvents are, for example, toluene, anisole, o-, m- or p-xylene, methyl benzoate, mesitylene, tetralin, veratrol, THF, methyl-THF, THP, chlorobenzene, dioxane, phenoxytoluene, in particular 3-phenoxytoluene, (-) - fenchone, 1,2,3,5-tetramethylbenzene, 1,2,4,5-tetramethylbenzene, 1-methylnaphthalene, 2-methylbenzothiazole, 2-phenoxyethanol, 2-pyrrolidinone, 3-methylanisole, 4-methylanisole, 3,4 -dimethylanisole, 3,5-dimethylanisole, acetophenone, a-terpineol, benzothiazole, butyl benzoate, cumene, cyclohexanol, cyclohexanone, cyclohexylbenzene, decal
- a further subject matter of the present invention is therefore a formulation, in particular a solution, dispersion or emulsion, comprising at least one compound according to the invention and at least one further compound.
- the further compound can be a solvent, for example, in particular one of the abovementioned solvents or a mixture of these solvents.
- the preparation of such solutions is known to the person skilled in the art and is described, for example, in WO 2002/072714, WO 2003/019694 and the literature cited therein.
- the further compound can also be at least one further organic or inorganic compound which is also used in the electronic device, for example an emitting compound and/or a matrix material. This further connection can also be polymeric.
- the compounds according to the invention are suitable for use in an electronic device, in particular in an organic electroluminescent device (OLED). Depending on the substitution, the compounds can be used in different functions and layers.
- OLED organic electroluminescent device
- a further subject matter of the present invention is therefore the use of a connection according to the invention in an electronic device.
- Yet another subject matter of the present invention is an electronic device containing at least one connection according to the invention.
- the compounds according to the invention can be present as a racemate or as a pure enantiomer, in particular when they are used.
- An electronic device within the meaning of the present invention is a device which contains at least one layer which contains at least one organic compound.
- the component can also contain inorganic materials or also layers which are made up entirely of inorganic materials.
- the electronic device is preferably selected from the group consisting of organic electroluminescent devices (OLEDs), organic integrated circuits (O-ICs), organic field effect transistors (O-FETs), organic thin-film transistors (O-TFTs), organic light-emitting transistors ( O-LETs), organic solar cells (O-SCs), dye-sensitized organic solar cells (DSSCs), organic optical detectors, organic photoreceptors, organic field quench devices (O-FQDs), light-emitting electrochemical cells (LECs), organic laser diodes (O -laser) and organic plasmon emitting devices, but preferably organic electroluminescent devices (OLEDs).
- O-ICs organic integrated circuits
- O-FETs organic field effect transistors
- OF-TFTs organic thin-film transistors
- O-LETs organic light-emitting transistors
- O-SCs organic solar cells
- DSSCs dye-sensitized organic solar cells
- organic optical detectors organic photore
- the device is particularly preferably an organic electroluminescent device comprising cathode, anode and at least one emitting layer, wherein at least one organic layer, which can be an emitting layer, hole transport layer, electron transport layer, hole blocking layer, electron blocking layer or another functional layer, comprises at least one compound according to the invention.
- the layer depends on the substitution of the compound.
- the organic electroluminescent device can contain other layers, for example one or more hole injection layers, hole transport layers, hole blocking layers, electron transport layers, electron injection layers, exciton blocking layers, electron blocking layers, charge generation layers (charge generation layers) and/or organic or inorganic p/n transitions.
- interlayers can be introduced between two emitting layers, which, for example, have an exciton-blocking function.
- each of these layers does not necessarily have to be present.
- the organic electroluminescence device can contain an emitting layer, or it can contain a plurality of emitting layers. If several emission layers are present, these preferably have a total of several emission maxima between 380 nm and 750 nm, resulting in white emission overall, i. H. in the emitting layers different emitting compounds are used which can fluoresce or phosphoresce. Systems with three emitting layers are particularly preferred, with the three layers exhibiting blue, green and orange or red emission (the basic structure is described, for example, in WO 2005/011013).
- the organic electroluminescence device according to the invention can also be a tandem OLED, in particular for white-emitting OLEDs.
- the compound of the formula (1) is preferably used in an organic electroluminescent device which comprises one or more phosphorescent emitters.
- the connection according to the invention according to the embodiments listed above can be used in different layers, depending on the exact structure.
- the organic electroluminescence device can contain an emitting layer or it can contain a plurality of emitting layers, with at least one layer containing at least one compound according to the invention. Furthermore, the compound according to the invention can also be used in an electron transport layer and/or in a hole blocking layer and/or in a hole transport layer and/or in an exciton blocking layer.
- phosphorescent compound typically refers to compounds where the emission of light occurs through a spin-forbidden transition, e.g. B. a transition from a excited triplet state or a state with a higher spin quantum number, e.g. B. a quintet state.
- Suitable phosphorescent compounds are, in particular, compounds which, when suitably excited, emit light, preferably in the visible range, and also at least one atom with an atomic number greater than 20, preferably greater than 38 and less than 84, particularly preferably greater than 56 and less than 80 included. All luminescent complexes with transition metals or lanthanides are considered to be preferred as phosphorescent compounds, particularly if they contain copper, molybdenum, tungsten, rhenium, ruthenium, osmium, rhodium, indium, palladium, platinum, silver, gold or europium, particularly compounds containing indium, contain platinum or copper. In the context of the present invention, all luminescent indium, platinum or copper complexes are considered to be phosphorescent emitting compounds.
- Examples of the emitters described above can be found in applications WO 00/70655, WO 2001/41512, WO 2002/02714, WO 2002/15645, EP 1191613, EP 1191612, EP 1191614, WO 05/033244, WO 05/019373, US 2005/ 0258742 WO 2009/146770 WO 2010/015307 WO 2010/031485 WO 2010/054731 WO 2010/054728 WO 2010/086089 WO 2010/099852 WO 2010/102709 WO 2010/099852 066898, WO 2011/157339, WO 2012/007086, WO 2014/008982, WO 2014/023377, WO 2014/094961, WO 2014/094960, WO 2015/036074, WO 2015/104045, WO 2015/104045, WO 2015/12018/12015/ 015815, WO 2016/124304, WO 2017/032439, WO 2018/011186, WO
- all phosphorescent complexes are suitable as are used according to the prior art for phosphorescent OLEDs and as are known to the person skilled in the field of organic electroluminescence, and the person skilled in the art can use further phosphorescent complexes without any inventive step. It is also possible for the person skilled in the art, without any inventive activity, to produce further phosphorescent complexes in combination with the compounds of the formula (1) in organic form to use electroluminescent devices. Further examples are listed in a table below.
- the compound of formula (1) in an electronic device which contains one or more fluorescent emitting compounds.
- the compounds of the formula (1) are used as hole-transporting material.
- the compounds are preferably contained in a hole transport layer, an electron blocking layer or a hole injection layer. Use in an electron blocking layer is particularly preferred.
- a hole-transporting layer within the meaning of the present application is a layer with a hole-transporting function between the anode and the emitting layer.
- hole-injection layers and electron-blocking layers are understood as meaning specific embodiments of hole-transport layers.
- a hole-injection layer is a hole-transport layer which is directly adjacent to the anode or is only separated from the anode by a single coating.
- an electron blocking layer is that hole transport layer which is directly adjacent to the emitting layer on the anode side.
- the OLED according to the invention preferably comprises two, three or four hole-transporting layers between the anode and the emitting layer, of which preferably at least one, particularly preferably precisely one or two, contain a compound of the formula (1).
- the compound of formula (1) as Lochtransportmatenal in a hole-transport layer, a hole-injection layer or a Electron blocking layer used, the compound can be used as pure material, ie in a proportion of 100%, in the hole transport layer, or it can be used in combination with one or more other compounds.
- the organic layer which contains the compound of the formula (1) then additionally contains one or more p-type dopants.
- P-type dopants used in accordance with the present invention are preferably those organic electron acceptor compounds capable of oxidizing one or more of the other compounds in the mixture.
- p-dopants are those in WO 2011/073149, EP 1968131, EP 2276085, EP 2213662, EP 1722602, EP 2045848, DE 102007031220, US 8044390, US 8057712, WO 2009/003417, WO 2009/003455 2011/120709, US 2010/0096600, WO 2012/095143 and DE 102012209523.
- Particularly preferred p-dopants are quinodimethane compounds, azaindenofluorenediones, azaphenylenes, azatriphenylenes, h, metal halides, preferably transition metal halides, metal oxides, preferably metal oxides containing at least one transition metal or a metal of main group 3, and transition metal complexes, preferably complexes of Cu, Co, Ni , Pd, and Pt with ligands containing at least one oxygen atom as a binding site.
- Transition metal oxides are also preferred as dopants, preferably oxides of rhenium, molybdenum and tungsten, particularly preferably Re2O?, MoOs, WO3 and ReOs.
- the p-type dopants are preferably present in a substantially homogeneous distribution in the p-type layers. This can e.g. B. be achieved by co-evaporation of the p-dopant and the hole transport material matrix.
- Preferred p-dopants are in particular the following compounds:
- the compound of the formula (1) is used as a hole-transport material in combination with a hexaazatriphenylene derivative, as described in US 2007/0092755.
- the hexaazatriphenylene derivative is particularly preferably used here in a separate layer.
- the compound of the formula (1) is used in an emitting layer as matrix material in combination with one or more emitting compounds, preferably phosphorescent compounds.
- the proportion of the matrix material in the emitting layer is between 50.0 and 99.9% by volume, preferably between 80.0 and 99.5% by volume, particularly preferably between 92.0 and 99.5% by volume -%. for fluorescent emitting layers and between 85.0 and 97.0% by volume for phosphorescent emitting layers.
- the proportion of the emitting compound is between 0.1 and 50.0% by volume, preferably between 0.5 and 20.0% by volume, particularly preferably between 0.5 and 8.0% by volume for fluorescent ones emissive layers and between 3.0 and 15.0% by volume. for phosphorescent emitting layers.
- An emitting layer of an organic electroluminescent device can also comprise systems that contain a multiplicity of matrix materials (mixed matrix systems) and/or a multiplicity of emitting compounds.
- the emitting compounds are usually those that have the smaller proportion in the system and the matrix materials are those that have the larger proportion in the system.
- the proportion of a single matrix material in the system can be lower than the proportion of a single emitting compound.
- the compounds of the formula (1) are preferably used as a component of mixed matrix systems.
- the mixed matrix systems exist preferably from two or three different matrix materials, particularly preferably from two different matrix materials.
- one of the two materials is preferably a material with hole-transporting properties and the other material is a material with electron-transporting properties.
- the compound of formula (1) is preferably the matrix material with hole-transporting properties.
- the desired electron-transporting and hole-transporting properties of the mixed matrix components can also be predominantly or completely combined in a single mixed matrix component, with the further mixed matrix component(s) fulfilling other functions.
- the two different matrix materials can be present in a ratio of 1:50 to 1:1, preferably 1:20 to 1:1, more preferably 1:10 to 1:1 and most preferably 1:4 to 1:1.
- Mixed matrix systems are preferably used in phosphorescent organic electroluminescent devices. A source for more detailed information on mixed matrix systems is the application WO 2010/108579.
- the mixed matrix systems can contain one or more emissive compounds, preferably one or more phosphorescent compounds.
- mixed matrix systems are preferably used in phosphorescent organic electroluminescent devices.
- Particularly suitable matrix materials which can be used in combination with the compounds according to the invention as matrix components of a mixed matrix system are selected from the preferred matrix materials for phosphorescent compounds mentioned below or the preferred matrix materials for fluorescent compounds, depending on which type of emitting compound is used in the mixed matrix system becomes.
- Preferred phosphorescent compounds for use in mixed matrix systems are the same as described above generally preferred phosphorescent emitter materials described.
- Examples of phosphorescent compounds are listed below.
- Preferred fluorescent emitting compounds are selected from the class of arylamines.
- an arylamine or an aromatic amine is understood as meaning a compound which contains three substituted or unsubstituted aromatic or heteroaromatic ring systems which are bonded directly to the nitrogen.
- at least one of these aromatic or heteroaromatic ring systems is a fused ring system, more preferably having at least 14 aromatic ring atoms.
- Preferred examples of these are aromatic anthracenamines, aromatic anthracenediamines, aromatic pyrenamines, aromatic pyrenediamines, aromatic chrysenamines or aromatic chrysenediamines.
- An aromatic anthracenamine is understood as meaning a compound in which a diarylamino group is attached directly to an anthracene group, preferably in the 9-position.
- An aromatic anthracenediamine is understood to mean a compound in which two diarylamino groups are bonded directly to an anthracene group, preferably in the 9, 10-positions or 1, 6-position are attached to the pyrene.
- Further preferred emitting compounds are indenofluorenamines or fluorenediamines, for example according to WO 2006/108497 or WO 2006/122630, benzoindenofluorenamines or -fluorenediamines, for example according to WO 2008/006449, and dibenzoindenofluorenamines or -diamines, for example according to WO 2007/140847, and those in WO 2010/012328 disclosed indenofluorene derivatives with fused aryl groups.
- the pyrenearylamines disclosed in WO 2012/048780 and in WO 2013/185871 are also preferred.
- benzoindenofluoreneamines disclosed in WO 2014/037077 are also preferred.
- benzofluoreneamines disclosed in WO 2014/106522 are also preferred.
- the extended benzoindenofluorenes disclosed in WO 2014/111269 and in WO 2017/036574 are also preferred.
- the extended benzoindenofluorenes disclosed in WO 2017/028940 and in WO 2017/028941 Phenoxazines and the fluorine derivatives bonded to furan units or to thiophene units disclosed in WO 2016/150544.
- boron compounds according to WO2020208051, WO2015102118, WO2016152418, WO2018095397, WO2019004248, WO2019132040, US20200161552, WO2021089450 can be used.
- Useful matrix materials include materials from different classes of substances.
- Preferred matrix materials are selected from the classes of oligoaryls (e.g. 2,2',7,7'-tetraphenylspirobifluorene according to EP 676461 or dinaphthylanthracene), in particular the oligoaryls with fused aromatic groups, the oligoarylenevinylenes (e.g. DPVBi or spiro-DPVBi according to EP 676461) , the polypodal metal complexes (e.g. according to WO 2004/081017), the hole-conducting compounds (e.g.
- the electron-conducting compounds in particular ketones, phosphine oxides, sulfoxides etc. (e.g. according to WO 2005/084081 and WO 2005/084082 ), the atropisomers (for example according to WO 2006/048268), the boronic acid derivatives (for example according to WO 2006/117052) or the benzanthracenes (for example according to WO 2008/145239).
- Particularly preferred matrix materials are selected from the classes of oligoarylenes with naphthalene, anthracene, benzanthracene and/or pyrene or atropisomers of these compounds, oligoarylenevinylenes, ketones, phosphine oxides and sulfoxides.
- Very particularly preferred matrix materials are selected from the classes of oligoarylenes, which include anthracene, benzanthracene, benzophenanthrene and/or pyrene or atropisomers of these compounds.
- an oligoarylene is a compound in which at least three aryl or arylene groups are connected to one another.
- anracthene derivatives disclosed in WO 2006/097208, WO 2006/131192, WO 2007/065550, WO 2007/110129, WO 2007/065678, WO 2008/145239, WO 2009/100925, WO 2011/054442 and EP 1553154 the pyrene compounds disclosed in EP 1749809, EP 1905754 and US 2012/0187826, the benzanthracenylanthracene compounds disclosed in WO 2015/158409, the indenobenzofurans disclosed in WO 2017/025165 and the phenanthrylanthracenes disclosed in WO 2017/036573.
- Preferred matrix materials for phosphorescent compounds are, as are compounds of the formula (1), aromatic ketones, aromatic phosphine oxides or aromatic sulfoxides or sulfones, e.g. B. according to WO 2004/013080, WO 2004/093207, WO 2006/005627 or WO 2010/006680, triarylamines, carbazole derivatives, z. B. CBP (N, N-bis carbazolylbiphenyl) or WO 2005/039246, US 2005/0069729, JP 2004/288381, EP 1205527, WO 2008/086851 or WO 2013/041176, indolocarbazole derivatives, z. B.
- CBP N, N-bis carbazolylbiphenyl
- WO 2005/039246 US 2005/0069729, JP 2004/288381
- WO 2012/048781 lactams, z. B. according to WO 2011/116865 or WO 2011/137951, or dibenzofuran derivatives, z. according to WO 2015/169412, WO 2016/015810, WO 2016/023608, WO 2017/148564 or WO 2017/148565.
- another phosphorescent emitter which emits at a shorter wavelength than the actual emitter, can be present as a co-host in the mixture, or a compound that does not participate, or does not participate to a significant extent, in charge transport, as described, for example, in WO 2010/108579.
- Suitable charge transport materials can be used in the hole injection or hole transport layer or in the electron blocking layer or in the electron transport layer of the electronic component according to the invention, in addition to the compounds of formula (1), for example those in Y. Shirota et al., Chem. Rev. 2007 , 107(4), 953-1010, or other materials used in these prior art layers.
- the OLED according to the invention preferably comprises two or more different hole-transporting layers.
- the compound of the formula (1) can be used in one or more or in all of the hole-transporting layers.
- the compound of the formula (1) is used in exactly one or exactly two hole-transporting layers, and other compounds, preferably aromatic amine compounds, are used in the other hole-transporting layers present.
- Further compounds which, in addition to the compounds of the formula (1), are preferably used in hole-transporting layers of the OLEDs according to the invention are, in particular, indenofluorenamine derivatives (for example according to WO 06/122630 or WO 06/100896), the amine derivatives disclosed in EP 1661888, hexaazatriphenylene Derivatives (e.g.
- WO 01/049806 amine derivatives with fused aromatics
- WO 95/09147 monobenzoindenofluorenamines (for example according to WO 08/006449), dibenzoindenofluorenamines (for example according to WO 07/140847), spirobifluorenamines (for example according to WO 2012 /034627 or WO 2013/120577), fluorenamines (for example according to WO 2014/015937, WO 2014/015938, WO 2014/015935 and WO 2015/082056), spirodibenzopyranamines (for example according to WO 2013/083216), dihydroacridine derivatives (for example according to WO 2012/150001), spirodibenzofurans and spirodibenzothiophenes (for example according to WO 2015/022051, WO 2016/102048 and WO 2016/
- spirobifluorenes substituted by diarylamino groups in the 4-position as hole-transporting compounds is very particularly preferred, in particular the use of those compounds which are claimed and disclosed in WO 2013/120577 and the use of spirobifluorenes substituted by diarylamino groups in the 2-position as hole-transporting compounds Compounds, in particular the use of those compounds claimed and disclosed in WO 2012/034627.
- Aluminum complexes e.g. Alq3, zirconium complexes, e.g. Zrq4, lithium complexes, e.g. Liq, benzimidazole derivatives, triazine derivatives, pyrimidine derivatives, pyridine derivatives, pyrazine derivatives, quinoxaline derivatives, quinoline derivatives, oxadiazole derivatives are particularly suitable.
- Preferred cathodes of the electronic component are metals with a low work function, metal alloys or multilayer structures made of different metals, e.g. B. alkaline earth metals, alkali metals, main group metals or lanthanides (e.g. Ca, Ba, Mg, Al, In, Mg, Yb, Sm, etc.). Additionally suitable are alloys of an alkali or alkaline earth metal and silver, e.g. B. an alloy of magnesium and silver. In the case of multilayer structures, in addition to the metals mentioned, other metals with a relatively high work function can also be used, e.g. B. Ag or Al, usually combinations of metals such. B.
- Ca / Ag, Mg / Ag or Ba / Ag can be used. It can also be advantageous to introduce a thin intermediate layer of a material with a high dielectric constant between a metallic cathode and the organic semiconductor.
- suitable materials are alkali or alkaline earth metal fluorides, but also the corresponding oxides or carbonates (e.g. LiF, Li2O, BaF2, MgO, NaF, CsF, CS2CO3, etc.). It is also possible to use lithium quinolinate (LiQ) for this purpose.
- the layer thickness of this layer is preferably between 0.5 and 5 nm.
- Preferred anodes are high work function materials.
- the anode has a work function greater than 4.5 eV versus vacuum.
- metals with a high redox potential e.g. B. Ag, Pt or Au.
- metal/metal oxide electrodes e.g. Al/Ni/NiOx, Al/PtOx
- at least one of the electrodes must be transparent or partially transparent in order to allow the irradiation of the organic material (organic solar cell) or the emission of light (OLED, O-laser).
- Preferred anode materials here are conductive mixed metal oxides. Indium tin oxide (ITO) or indium zinc oxide (IZO) are particularly preferred.
- the anode can also consist of two or more layers, for example an inner layer of ITO and an outer layer of a metal oxide, preferably tungsten oxide, molybdenum oxide or vanadium oxide.
- the device is structured, contacted and finally sealed accordingly (depending on the application) in order to exclude harmful influences from water and air.
- an organic electroluminescence device characterized in that one or more layers are coated using a sublimation process.
- the materials are vapour-deposited in vacuum sublimation systems at an initial pressure of less than 10' 5 mbar, preferably less than 10' 6 mbar. However, it is also possible for the initial pressure to be even lower, for example less than 10-7 mbar.
- An organic electroluminescent device is also preferred, characterized in that one or more layers are coated using the OVPD (organic vapor phase deposition) method or with the aid of carrier gas sublimation.
- the materials are applied at a pressure of between 10'5 mbar and 1 bar.
- OVJP Organic Vapor Jet Printing
- an organic electroluminescent device characterized in that one or more layers of solution, such as. B. by spin coating, or with any printing process, such as B. screen printing, flexographic printing, offset printing, LITI (Light Induced Thermal Imaging, thermal transfer printing), ink-jet printing (ink jet printing) or nozzle printing.
- any printing process such as B. screen printing, flexographic printing, offset printing, LITI (Light Induced Thermal Imaging, thermal transfer printing), ink-jet printing (ink jet printing) or nozzle printing.
- Hybrid processes are also possible, in which, for example, one or more layers are applied from solution and one or more further layers are vapor-deposited.
- the electronic devices containing one or more compounds of the formula (1) can be used in displays, as light sources in lighting applications and as light sources in medical and/or cosmetic applications (e.g. light therapy).
- the compounds according to the invention and the organic electroluminescent devices according to the invention are distinguished by one or more of the following properties:
- the compounds according to the invention lead to high efficiencies, in particular to a high EQE.
- the following syntheses are carried out under a protective gas atmosphere in dried solvents.
- the metal complexes are also handled with the exclusion of light or under yellow light.
- the solvents and reagents can e.g. B. from Sigma-ALDRICH or ABCR.
- the respective information in square brackets or the numbers given for individual compounds relate to the CAS numbers of the compounds known from the literature. For compounds that may have multiple enantiomeric, diastereomeric, or tautomeric forms, one form is shown as representative.
- the glass beads are decanted off, the NMP is removed in vacuo, the residue is taken up in 500 ml of ethyl acetate (EA), washed twice with 300 ml of water each time, once with 200 ml of sat. saline and dried over magnesium sulfate.
- EA ethyl acetate
- the desiccant is filtered off over a silica gel bed preslurried with EE, the filtrate is concentrated to dryness, the residue is stirred with 200 ml of hot methanol, the product is filtered off with suction, washed with a little methanol and dried in vacuo. Yield: 36.9 g (90 mmol) 90%; Purity: approx. 97% according to 1 H-NMR.
- a well-stirred mixture of 64.1 g (100 mmol) S302, 26.9 g (300 mmol) copper(I) cyanide, 100 g glass beads (3 mm diameter) and 400 ml NMP is stirred at 170° C. for 24 h. It is filtered while still hot over a silica gel bed pre-slurried with NMP and the filtrate is stirred into 1000 ml of 10% strength by weight aqueous ammonia solution. The precipitated crude product is filtered off with suction, washed three times with 100 ml of 10% strength by weight aqueous ammonia solution, twice with 100 ml of water and twice with 50 ml of methanol and dried in vacuo.
- the mixture is allowed to cool and is decanted from the glass beads, most of the DMSO is removed in vacuo, the residue is treated with 300 ml of methanol and 200 ml of water, the crude product is filtered off with suction, washed twice with 200 ml of methanol each time and dried in vacuo.
- the crude product is taken up in 300 ml DCM, filtered through a bed of silica gel pre-slurried with DCM, the filtrate is evaporated to dryness, the residue is stirred hot with 200 ml methanol, the crude product is filtered off and washed twice with 50 ml each time methanol and dried in vacuo.
- the bromides S200-S306 can be used
- Variant A via Grignard connection From a mixture of 40.9 g (100 mmol) S200, 7.9 mL (100 mmol)
- a Grignard reagent is prepared with 4.9 g (200 mmol) of magnesium from 1,2-dichloroethane and 500 ml of THF. After the magnesium has been completely consumed, it is allowed to cool to room temperature and a solution of 28.1 g (105 mmol) of 2-chloro-4,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-triazine [3842-55-5] is added dropwise with ice cooling 300 ml THF to.
- the salts are filtered off while still warm through a bed of Celite pre-slurried with dioxane, the filtrate is concentrated to dryness, the boron ester is stirred out twice with 200 ml of hot methanol each time, filtered off and dried in vacuo.
- the desiccant is filtered off over a silica gel bed pre-slurried with toluene, the filtrate is concentrated to dryness, the residue is stirred with 200 ml of hot methanol, filtered off and dried in vacuo.
- OLEDs according to the invention and OLEDs according to the prior art are produced using a general method according to WO 2004/058911, which is adapted to the conditions described here (layer thickness variation, materials used).
- the compounds T according to the invention can be used in the electron transport layer (ETL) and the hole blocking layer (HBL). All materials are thermally evaporated in a vacuum chamber.
- the emission layer (EML) always consists of at least one matrix material (host material, host material) SMB (see Table 1) and an emitting dopant (dopant, emitter) D, which is added to the matrix material or matrix materials by co-evaporation in a certain volume fraction is added.
- a specification such as SMB:D (97:3%) means that the material SMB is present in the layer in a volume proportion of 97% and the dopant D in a proportion of 3%.
- the electron transport layer can also consist of a mixture of two materials, see Table 1. The materials used to produce the OLEDs are shown in Table 5.
- the OLEDs are characterized by default.
- the electroluminescence spectra, the current efficiency (measured in cd/A), the power efficiency (measured in lm/W) and the external quantum efficiency (EQE, measured in percent) are calculated as a function of the luminance determined from current-voltage-luminance characteristics (IIIL characteristics) assuming a Lambertian emission characteristic and the service life.
- the EQE is specified in (%) and the voltage in (V) at a luminance of 1000 cd/m 2
- the service life is determined at an initial luminance of 10000 cd/m 2 .
- the LT80 in (h) is the measured time in which the brightness has fallen to 80% of the initial brightness.
- the OLEDs have the following layer structure:
- HIL Hole injection layer made of HTM1 doped with 5% NDP-9 (commercially available from Novaled), 20 nm
- HTL Hole transport layer
- Emission layer see Table 1
- HBL Hole Blocker Layer
- Electron transport layer see Table 1
- the compounds T according to the invention can be used in the electron transport layer (ETL), the hole blocking layer (HBL) and in the emission layer (EML) as matrix material (host material, host material) M (see Table 5) or T (see materials according to the invention).
- matrix material host material, host material
- EML emission layer
- all materials are thermally vapor-deposited in a vacuum chamber.
- the emission layer always consists of at least one or more matrix materials M and a phosphorescent dopant Ir, which is admixed to the matrix material or matrix materials by co-evaporation in a certain proportion by volume.
- a specification such as M1 :M2:lr (55%:35%:10%) means that the material M1 accounts for 55% by volume, M2 for 35% by volume and Ir for 10% by volume in the layer present.
- the electron transport layer can also consist of a mixture of two materials. The precise structure of the OLEDs can be found in Table 3. The materials used to fabricate the OLEDs are shown in Table 5.
- the OLEDs are characterized by default.
- the electroluminescence spectra, the current efficiency (measured in cd/A), the power efficiency (measured in lm/W) and the external quantum efficiency (EQE, measured in percent) as a function of the luminance are calculated from current-voltage-luminance characteristics (IUL characteristics) assuming a Lambertian radiation characteristic and the service life.
- the specification of the EQE in (%) and the voltage in (V) takes place at a luminance of 1000 cd/m 2
- the service life is at an initial luminance of 1000 cd/m 2 for blue and red, 10000 cd/m 2 for green and yellow emitting components.
- the specification LT80 in (h) is the measured time in which the brightness falls to 80% of the initial brightness.
- the OLEDs have the following layer structure:
- HIL Hole injection layer made of HTM1 doped with 5% NDP-9 (commercially available from Novaled), 20 nm
- HTL Hole transport layer from HTM1, 180 nm for blue, 50 nm for green, 40 nm for yellow, 90 nm for red
- Electron blocking layer (EBL) 20nm of EBM2 for blue, 20nm of EBM1 for green and yellow, 10nm for red
- Emission layer see Table 3
- HBL Hole Blocker Layer
- Electron transport layer see Table 3
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Abstract
The present invention relates to compounds, which are suitable for use in electronic devices, and to electronic devices, in particular organic electroluminescent devices, containing said compounds.
Description
Materialien für elektronische Vorrichtungen materials for electronic devices
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft Materialien für die Verwendung in elektronischen Vorrichtungen, insbesondere in organischen Elektrolumineszenzvorrichtungen, sowie elektronische Vorrichtungen, insbesondere organische Elektrolumineszenzvorrichtungen enthaltend diese Materialien. The present invention relates to materials for use in electronic devices, in particular in organic electroluminescent devices, and electronic devices, in particular organic electroluminescent devices containing these materials.
Elektronische Vorrichtungen, welche organische, metallorganische und/oder polymere Halbleiter enthalten, gewinnen zunehmend an Bedeutung, wobei diese aus Kostengründen und aufgrund ihrer Leistungsfähigkeit in vielen kommerziellen Produkten eingesetzt werden. Als Beispiele seien hier Ladungstransportmatenalien auf organischer Basis (z.B. Lochtransporter auf Triarylamin-Basis) in Kopiergeräten, organischen oder polymeren Leuchtdioden (OLEDs oder PLEDs) in Anzeige- und Displayvorrichtungen oder organische Photorezeptoren in Kopierern genannt. Organische Solarzellen (O-SC), organische Feldeffekt- Transistoren (O-FET), organische Dünnfilm-Transistoren (O-TFT), organische Schaltelemente (O-IC), organische optische Verstärker und organische Laserdioden (O-Laser) sind in einem fortgeschrittenen Entwicklungsstand und können in der Zukunft große Bedeutung erlangen. Electronic devices containing organic, organometallic and/or polymeric semiconductors are becoming increasingly important and are used in many commercial products for cost reasons and because of their performance. Examples are organic-based charge transport materials (e.g. triarylamine-based hole transporters) in copiers, organic or polymer light-emitting diodes (OLEDs or PLEDs) in display devices or organic photoreceptors in copiers. Organic solar cells (O-SC), organic field effect transistors (O-FET), organic thin-film transistors (O-TFT), organic switching elements (O-IC), organic optical amplifiers and organic laser diodes (O-lasers) are all in one advanced stage of development and may gain great importance in the future.
Als elektronische Vorrichtungen im Sinne dieser Erfindung werden organische elektronische Vorrichtungen verstanden, welche organische Halbleitermaterialien als funktionelle Materialien enthalten. Insbesondere stehen die elektronischen Vorrichtungen für Elektrolumineszenzvorrichtungen wie OLEDs. Electronic devices within the meaning of this invention are understood to mean organic electronic devices which contain organic semiconductor materials as functional materials. In particular, the electronic devices stand for electroluminescent devices such as OLEDs.
Der Aufbau von OLEDs, in welchen organische Verbindungen als funktionelle Materialien verwendet werden, ist dem Fachmann aus dem Stand der Technik bekannt. Im Allgemeinen werden unter OLEDs elektronische Vorrichtungen verstanden, welche eine oder mehrere Schichten haben, welche organische Verbindungen umfassen, und beim Anlegen einer Spannung Licht emittieren. The construction of OLEDs in which organic compounds are used as functional materials is known to the person skilled in the art from the prior art. In general, OLEDs are electronic devices that have one or more layers that include organic compounds and emit light when a voltage is applied.
In elektronischen Vorrichtungen, insbesondere OLEDs, gibt es einen großen Bedarf die Leistungsdaten, insbesondere Lebensdauer, Effizienz
und Betriebsspannung zu verbessern. Für diese Aspekte konnte bisher keine zufriedenstellende Lösung gefunden werden. In electronic devices, especially OLEDs, there is a great need for performance data, especially lifespan, efficiency and improve operating voltage. No satisfactory solution has yet been found for these aspects.
Elektronische Vorrichtungen umfassen üblicherweise Kathode, Anode und mindestens eine funktionale, bevorzugt emittierende Schicht. Außer diesen Schichten können sie noch weitere Schichten enthalten, beispielsweise jeweils eine oder mehrere Lochinjektionsschichten, Loch-'transport-'schichten, Lochblockienschichten, Elektronen-'transportschichten, Elektroneninjektionsschichten, Exzitonenblockierschichten, Elektronenblockierschichten und/oder Ladungs-'erzeugungsschichten (Charge-Generation Layers). Electronic devices usually comprise a cathode, an anode and at least one functional, preferably emissive, layer. In addition to these layers, they can also contain further layers, for example one or more hole injection layers, hole transport layers, hole blocking layers, electron transport layers, electron injection layers, exciton blocking layers, electron blocking layers and/or charge generation layers. .
Einen großen Einfluss auf die Leistungsdaten von elektronischen Vorrichtungen haben die Lochtransportschichten und Elektronentransportschichten. Hole transport layers and electron transport layers have a major impact on the performance of electronic devices.
Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist die Bereitstellung von Verbindungen, welche sich für den Einsatz in einer elektronischen Vorrichtung, insbesondere einer OLED, eignen, insbesondere als Material von Lochtransportschichten oder Material von Elektronentransportschichten, und dort zu guten Eigenschaften führen. The object of the present invention is to provide compounds which are suitable for use in an electronic device, in particular an OLED, in particular as material for hole-transport layers or material for electron-transport layers, and lead to good properties there.
Überraschend wurde gefunden, dass bestimmte, unten näher beschriebene Triptycene diese Aufgabe lösen und sich gut für die Verwendung in elektronischen Vorrichtungen, insbesondere OLEDs eignen. Dabei weisen die OLEDs insbesondere eine lange Lebensdauer, eine hohe Effizienz und eine geringere Betriebsspannung auf. Diese Verbindungen sowie elektronische Vorrichtungen, insbesondere organische Elektrolumineszenzvorrichtungen, welche diese Verbindungen enthalten, sind daher der Gegenstand der vorliegenden Erfindung. It has surprisingly been found that certain triptycenes, which are described in more detail below, solve this problem and are well suited for use in electronic devices, in particular OLEDs. In particular, the OLEDs have a long service life, high efficiency and a lower operating voltage. These compounds and electronic devices, in particular organic electroluminescent devices, which contain these compounds are therefore the subject matter of the present invention.
Gegenstand der vorliegenden Erfindung ist eine Verbindung gemäß Formel (1 ),
The present invention relates to a compound of the formula (1),
Formel (1 ) wobei für die verwendeten Symbole gilt: Formula (1) where the following applies to the symbols used:
X ist gleich oder verschieden bei jedem Auftreten CR oder N mit der Maßgabe, dass maximal zwei Gruppen X pro Zyklus für N stehen; X is the same or different on each occurrence of CR or N with the proviso that a maximum of two groups of X per cycle are N;
R‘ ist bei jedem Auftreten gleich oder verschieden D, F, CI, Br, I, N(Ar‘)2, N(R1)2, OAr‘, SAr‘, B(OR1)2, CHO, C(=O)R1, CR1=C(R1)2, CN, C(=O)OR1 , C(=O)NR1 , Si(R1)3, NO2, P(=O)(R1)2, OSO2R1 , OR1, S(=O)R1, S(=O)2R1 , SR1, ein aromatisches oder heteroaromatisches Ringsystem mit 5 bis 60 aromatischen Ringatomen, bevorzugt mit 5 bis 40 aromatischen Ringatomen, das jeweils durch einen oder mehrere Reste R1 substituiert sein kann, mit der Maßgabe, dass mindestens einer oder beide R‘ mindestens eine Triazingruppe umfassen, welche mit zwei Resten R“ substituiert ist; R' is the same or different on each occurrence D, F, CI, Br, I, N(Ar')2, N(R 1 ) 2 , OAr', SAr', B(OR 1 ) 2 , CHO, C( =O) R1 , CR1 =C( R1 ) 2 , CN, C(=O) OR1 , C(=O) NR1 , Si( R1 ) 3 , NO2, P(=O)(R 1 ) 2 , OSO2R 1 , OR 1 , S(=O)R 1 , S(=O)2R 1 , SR 1 , an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 60 aromatic ring atoms, preferably having 5 to 40 aromatic ring atoms, that each may be substituted by one or more R 1 groups, provided that at least one or both R' groups comprise at least one triazine group substituted with two R"groups;
R“ ist bei jedem Auftreten gleich oder verschieden ein aromatisches oder heteroaromatisches Ringsystem mit 5 bis 60 aromatischen Ringatomen, bevorzugt mit 5 bis 40 aromatischen Ringatomen, das jeweils durch einen oder mehrere Reste R1 substituiert sein kann; R” is the same or different on each occurrence and is an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 60 aromatic ring atoms, preferably having 5 to 40 aromatic ring atoms, which can each be substituted by one or more R 1 radicals;
R ist bei jedem Auftreten gleich oder verschieden H, D, F, CI, Br, I, N(Ar‘)2, N(R1)2, OAr‘, SAr‘, B(OR1)2, CHO, C(=O)R1, CR1=C(R1)2, CN, C(=O)OR1 , C(=O)NR1 , Si(R1)3, NO2, P(=O)(R1)2, OSO2R1 , OR1, S(=O)R1, S(=O)2R1 , SR1, eine geradkettige Alkylgruppe mit 1 bis 20 C-Atomen oder eine Alkenyl- oder Alkinylgruppe mit 2 bis 20 C- Atomen oder eine verzweigte oder zyklische Alkylgruppe mit 3 bis 20
C-Atomen, wobei die Alkyl-, Alkenyl- oder Alkinylgruppe jeweils mit einem oder mehreren Resten R1 substituiert sein kann, wobei eine oder mehrere nicht benachbarte CH2-Gruppen durch -R1C=CR1-, -
S-, SO oder SO2 ersetzt sein können, oder ein aromatisches oder heteroaromatisches Ringsystem mit 5 bis 60 aromatischen Ringatomen, bevorzugt mit 5 bis 40 aromatischen Ringatomen, das jeweils durch einen oder mehrere Reste R1 substituiert sein kann, wobei zwei oder mehr bevorzugt an den gleichen Zyklus gebundene Reste R miteinander ein aliphatisches, heteroaliphatisches, aromatisches oder heteroaromatisches Ringsystem bilden können, das mit einem oder mehreren Resten R1 substituiert sein kann; R is the same or different on each occurrence H, D, F, CI, Br, I, N(Ar') 2 , N(R 1 ) 2 , OAr', SAr', B(OR 1 ) 2 , CHO, C (=O) R1 , CR1 =C( R1 ) 2 , CN, C(=O) OR1 , C(=O) NR1 , Si( R1 ) 3 , NO2, P(=O)( R 1 ) 2 , OSO2R 1 , OR 1 , S(=O)R 1 , S(=O)2R 1 , SR 1 , a straight-chain alkyl group with 1 to 20 carbon atoms or an alkenyl or alkynyl group with 2 to 20 C atoms or a branched or cyclic alkyl group with 3 to 20 C atoms, where the alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl group can each be substituted by one or more radicals R 1 , where one or more non-adjacent CH2 groups are replaced by -R 1 C=CR 1 -, - S, SO or SO2 can be replaced, or an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 60 aromatic ring atoms, preferably having 5 to 40 aromatic ring atoms, which can each be substituted by one or more radicals R 1 , with two or more preferably on R groups attached to the same cycle may together form an aliphatic, heteroaliphatic, aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system which may be substituted by one or more R 1 groups;
Ar' ist bei jedem Auftreten gleich oder verschieden ein aromatisches oder heteroaromatisches Ringsystem mit 5 bis 40 aromatischen Ringatomen, das durch einen oder mehrere Reste R1 substituiert sein kann, wobei zwei oder mehr R1 miteinander ein aromatisches oder heteroaromatisches Ringsystem bilden können; Ar' is identical or different on each occurrence and is an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 40 aromatic ring atoms, which can be substituted by one or more R 1 radicals, where two or more R 1 groups can form an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system together;
R1 ist bei jedem Auftreten gleich oder verschieden H, D, F, I, B(OR2)2, N(R2)2, CHO, C(=O)R2, CR2=C(R2)2, CN, C(=O)OR2, Si(R2)3, NO2, P(=O)(R2)2, OSO2R2, SR2, OR2, S(=O)R2, S(=O)2R2, eine geradkettige Alkylgruppe mit 1 bis 20 C-Atomen oder eine Alkenyl- oder Alkinylgruppe mit 2 bis 20 C-Atomen oder eine verzweigte oder zyklische Alkylgruppe mit 3 bis 20 C-Atomen, wobei die Alkyl-, Alkenyl- oder Alkinylgruppe jeweils mit einem oder mehreren Resten R2 substituiert sein kann und wobei eine oder mehrere CH2-Gruppen in den oben genannten Gruppen durch -R2C=CR2-, -CEC-, Si(R2)2, C=O, C=S, -C(=O)O-, NR2, CONR2, P(=O)(R2), -O-, -S-, SO oder SO2 ersetzt sein können und wobei ein oder mehrere H-Atome in den oben genannten Gruppen durch D, F, CI, Br, I, CN oder NO2 ersetzt sein können, oder ein aromatisches oder heteroaromatisches Ringsystem mit 5 bis 30 aromatischen Ringatomen, das jeweils durch einen oder mehrere Reste R2 substituiert sein kann, wobei zwei oder mehr Reste R1 miteinander ein aliphatisches,
heteroaliphatisches, aromatisches oder heteroaromatisches Ringsystem bilden können; R 1 is the same or different on each occurrence H, D, F, I, B(OR 2 )2, N(R 2 ) 2 , CHO, C(=O)R 2 , CR 2 =C(R 2 ) 2 , CN, C(=O)OR 2 , Si(R 2 ) 3 , NO2, P(=O)(R 2 ) 2 , OSO2R 2 , SR 2 , OR 2 , S(=O)R 2 , S( = O) 2 R 2 , a straight-chain alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms or an alkenyl or alkynyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms or a branched or cyclic alkyl group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, the alkyl, alkenyl - or alkynyl group can each be substituted by one or more radicals R 2 and one or more CH2 groups in the above groups can be replaced by -R 2 C=CR 2 -, -CEC-, Si(R 2 )2, C= O, C=S, -C(=O)O-, NR 2 , CONR 2 , P(=O)(R 2 ), -O-, -S-, SO or SO 2 may be substituted and one or more H atoms in the groups mentioned above can be replaced by D, F, CI, Br, I, CN or NO2, or an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system with 5 to 30 aromatic ring atoms, each of which can be substituted by one or more R 2 radicals can, where two or more radicals R 1 together form an aliphatic, heteroaliphatic, aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system;
R2 ist bei jedem Auftreten gleich oder verschieden H, D, F, CN oder ein aliphatischer, aromatischer oder heteroaromatischer organischer Rest mit 1 bis 20 C-Atomen, in dem auch ein oder mehrere H-Atome durch D oder F ersetzt sein können; dabei können zwei oder mehr Substituenten R2 miteinander verknüpft sein und einen Ring bilden. R 2 is the same or different on each occurrence and is H, D, F, CN or an aliphatic, aromatic or heteroaromatic organic radical having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, in which one or more H atoms can also be replaced by D or F; two or more substituents R 2 can be linked to one another and form a ring.
Eine Arylgruppe im Sinne dieser Erfindung enthält 6 bis 40 C-Atome; eine Heteroarylgruppe im Sinne dieser Erfindung enthält 5 bis 40 C-Atome und mindestens ein Heteroatom, mit der Maßgabe, dass die Summe aus C-Atomen und Heteroatomen mindestens 5 ergibt. Die Heteroatome sind bevorzugt ausgewählt aus N, O und/oder S. Dabei wird unter einer Arylgruppe bzw. Heteroarylgruppe entweder ein einfacher aromatischer Zyklus, also Benzol, bzw. ein einfacher heteroaromatischer Zyklus, beispielsweise Pyridin, Pyrimidin, Thiophen, etc., oder eine kondensierte (anellierte) Aryl- oder Heteroarylgruppe, beispielsweise Naphthalin, Anthracen, Phenanthren, Chinolin, Isochinolin, etc., verstanden. Miteinander durch Einfachbindung verknüpfte Aromaten, wie zum Beispiel Biphenyl, werden dagegen nicht als Aryl- oder Heteroarylgruppe, sondern als aromatisches Ringsystem bezeichnet. An aryl group within the meaning of this invention contains 6 to 40 carbon atoms; a heteroaryl group within the meaning of this invention contains 5 to 40 carbon atoms and at least one heteroatom, with the proviso that the sum of carbon atoms and heteroatoms is at least 5. The heteroatoms are preferably selected from N, O and/or S. An aryl group or heteroaryl group is either a simple aromatic cycle, ie benzene, or a simple heteroaromatic cycle, for example pyridine, pyrimidine, thiophene, etc., or one fused (fused) aryl or heteroaryl group, for example naphthalene, anthracene, phenanthrene, quinoline, isoquinoline, etc. understood. On the other hand, aromatics linked to one another by a single bond, such as biphenyl, are not referred to as aryl or heteroaryl groups, but as aromatic ring systems.
Ein aromatisches Ringsystem im Sinne dieser Erfindung enthält 6 bis 60 C-Atome, bevorzugt 6 bis 40 C-Atome im Ringsystem. Ein heteroaromatisches Ringsystem im Sinne dieser Erfindung enthält 1 bis 60 C-Atome, bevorzugt 1 bis 40 C-Atome und mindestens ein Heteroatom im Ringsystem, mit der Maßgabe, dass die Summe aus C-Atomen und Heteroatomen mindestens 5 ergibt. Die Heteroatome sind bevorzugt ausgewählt aus N, O und/oder S. Unter einem aromatischen oder heteroaromatischen Ringsystem im Sinne dieser Erfindung soll ein System verstanden werden, das nicht notwendigerweise nur Aryl- oder Heteroarylgruppen enthält, sondern in dem auch mehrere Aryl- oder Heteroarylgruppen durch eine nicht-aromatische Einheit (bevorzugt weniger als 10 % der von H verschiedenen Atome), wie z. B. ein C-, N- oder O-Atom oder Carbonylgruppe, verbunden sein können. Ebenso sollen hierunter
Systeme verstanden werden, in denen zwei oder mehr Aryl- bzw. Heteroarylgruppen direkt miteinander verknüpft sind, wie z. B. Biphenyl, Terphenyl, Bipyridin oder Phenylpyridin. So sollen beispielsweise auch Systeme wie Fluoren, 9,9‘-Spirobifluoren, 9,9-Diarylfluoren, Triarylamin, Diarylether, Stilben, etc. als aromatische Ringsysteme im Sinne dieser Erfindung verstanden werden, und ebenso Systeme, in denen zwei oder mehrere Arylgruppen beispielsweise durch eine lineare oder cyclische Alkylgruppe oder durch eine Si ly Igruppe verbunden sind. Bevorzugte aromatische bzw. heteroaromatische Ringsysteme sind einfache Aryl- bzw. Heteroarylgruppen sowie Gruppen, in denen zwei oder mehr Aryl- bzw. Heteroarylgruppen direkt miteinander verknüpft sind, beispielsweise Biphenyl, Terphenyl, Quaterphenyl oder Bipyridin, sowie Fluoren oder Spirobifluoren. An aromatic ring system within the meaning of this invention contains 6 to 60 carbon atoms, preferably 6 to 40 carbon atoms in the ring system. A heteroaromatic ring system within the meaning of this invention contains 1 to 60 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 40 carbon atoms and at least one heteroatom in the ring system, with the proviso that the sum of carbon atoms and heteroatoms is at least 5. The heteroatoms are preferably selected from N, O and/or S. An aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system in the context of this invention is to be understood as meaning a system which does not necessarily only contain aryl or heteroaryl groups, but also in which several aryl or heteroaryl groups a non-aromatic moiety (preferably less than 10% of the non-H atoms), such as e.g. B. a C, N or O atom or carbonyl group can be connected. Likewise below Systems are understood in which two or more aryl or heteroaryl groups are linked directly to each other, such as. B. biphenyl, terphenyl, bipyridine or phenylpyridine. For example, systems such as fluorene, 9,9'-spirobifluorene, 9,9-diarylfluorene, triarylamine, diaryl ether, stilbene, etc. should also be understood as aromatic ring systems for the purposes of this invention, and also systems in which two or more aryl groups, for example are linked by a linear or cyclic alkyl group or by a Si ly I group. Preferred aromatic or heteroaromatic ring systems are simple aryl or heteroaryl groups and groups in which two or more aryl or heteroaryl groups are linked directly to one another, for example biphenyl, terphenyl, quaterphenyl or bipyridine, and also fluorene or spirobifluorene.
Ein elektronenreiches heteroaromatisches Ringsystem ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es sich dabei um ein heteroaromatisches Ringsystem handelt, das keine elektronenarmen Heteroarylgruppen enthält. Eine elektronenarme Heteroarylgruppe ist eine Sechsring-Heteroarylgruppe mit mindestens einem Stickstoffatom oder eine Fünfring-Heteroarylgruppe mit mindestens zwei Heteroatomen, von denen eines ein Stickstoffatom und das andere Sauerstoff, Schwefel oder ein substituiertes Stickstoffatom ist, wobei an diese Gruppen jeweils noch weitere Aryl- oder Heteroarylgruppen ankondensiert sein können. Dagegen sind elektronenreiche Heteroarylgruppen Fünfring-Heteroarylgruppen mit genau einem Heteroatom, ausgewählt aus Sauerstoff, Schwefel oder substituiertem Stickstoff, an welche noch weitere Arylgruppen und/oder weitere elektronenreiche Fünfring-Heteroarylgruppen ankondensiert sein können. So sind Beispiele für elektronenreiche Heteroarylgruppen Pyrrol, Furan, Thiophen, Indol, Benzofuran, Benzothiophen, Carbazol, Dibenzofuran, Dibenzothiophen oder Indenocarbazol. Eine elektronenreiche Heteroarylgruppe wird auch als elektronenreicher heteroaromatischer Rest bezeichnet. An electron-rich heteroaromatic ring system is characterized in that it is a heteroaromatic ring system that does not contain any electron-deficient heteroaryl groups. An electron-deficient heteroaryl group is a six-membered-membered heteroaryl group containing at least one nitrogen atom or a five-membered-membered heteroaryl group containing at least two heteroatoms, one of which is a nitrogen atom and the other is oxygen, sulfur or a substituted nitrogen atom, further aryl or heteroaryl groups being attached to each of these groups can be condensed. In contrast, electron-rich heteroaryl groups are five-membered-membered heteroaryl groups with exactly one heteroatom selected from oxygen, sulfur or substituted nitrogen, to which further aryl groups and/or further electron-rich five-membered-membered heteroaryl groups can be fused. Thus, examples of electron-rich heteroaryl groups are pyrrole, furan, thiophene, indole, benzofuran, benzothiophene, carbazole, dibenzofuran, dibenzothiophene or indenocarbazole. An electron-rich heteroaryl group is also referred to as an electron-rich heteroaromatic radical.
Ein elektronenarmes heteroaromatisches Ringsystem ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es mindestens eine elektronenarme Heteroarylgruppe enthält, und insbesondere bevorzugt keine elektronenreiche Heteroarylgruppen.
Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Erfindung wird der Begriff Alkylgruppe als Oberbegriff sowohl für lineare oder verzweigte Alkylgruppen wie auch für zyklische Alkylgruppen verwendet. Analog werden die Begriffe Alkenyl- gruppe bzw. Alkinylgruppe als Oberbegriffe sowohl für lineare oder verzweigte Alkenyl- bzw. Alkinylgruppen wie auch für zyklische Alkenyl- bzw. Alkinylgruppen verwendet. An electron-deficient heteroaromatic ring system is characterized as containing at least one electron-deficient heteroaryl group, and more preferably no electron-rich heteroaryl groups. In the context of the present invention, the term alkyl group is used as a generic term both for linear or branched alkyl groups and for cyclic alkyl groups. Analogously, the terms alkenyl group and alkynyl group are used as generic terms both for linear or branched alkenyl or alkynyl groups and for cyclic alkenyl or alkynyl groups.
Unter einer cyclischen Alkyl-, Alkoxy- oder Thioalkoxygruppe im Sinne dieser Erfindung wird eine monocyclische, eine bicyclische oder eine polycyclische Gruppe verstanden. A cyclic alkyl, alkoxy or thioalkoxy group in the context of this invention is understood as meaning a monocyclic, a bicyclic or a polycyclic group.
Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Erfindung werden unter einem aliphatischen Kohlenwasserstoffrest bzw. einer Alkylgruppe bzw. einer Alkenyl- oder Alkinylgruppe, die 1 bis 40 C-Atome enthalten kann, und in der auch einzelne H-Atome oder CH2-Gruppen durch die oben genannten Gruppen substituiert sein können, bevorzugt die Reste Methyl, Ethyl, n-Propyl, i- Propyl, n-Butyl, i-Butyl, s-Butyl, t-Butyl, 2-Methylbutyl, n-Pentyl, s-Pentyl, t- Pentyl, 2-Pentyl, neo-Pentyl, Cyclopentyl, n-Hexyl, s-Hexyl, t-Hexyl, 2-Hexyl, 3-Hexyl, neo-Hexyl, Cyclohexyl, 1 -Methylcyclopentyl, 2- Methylpentyl, n-Heptyl, 2-Heptyl, 3-Heptyl, 4-Heptyl, Cycloheptyl, 1 - Methylcyclohexyl, n-Octyl, Cyclooctyl, 2-Ethylhexyl, 1 -Bicyclo[2,2,2]octyl, 2-Bicyclo[2,2,2]octyl, 2-(2,6-Dimethyl)octyl, 3-(3,7-Dimethyl)octyl, Adamantyl, Trifluormethyl, Pentafluorethyl, 2,2,2-Trifluorethyl, 1 ,1 - Dimethyl-n-hex-1 -yl, 1 ,1 -Dimethyl-n-hept-1 -yl, 1 ,1 -Dimethyl-n-oct-1 -yl, 1 ,1 - Dimethyl-n-dec-1 -yl, 1 , 1 -Dimethyl-n-dodec-1 -yl, 1 , 1 -Dimethyl-n-tetradec-1 - yl, 1 ,1 -Dimethyl-n-hexadec-1 -yl, 1 ,1 -Dimethyl-n-octadec-1 -yl, 1 ,1 -Diethyl- n-hex-1 -yl, 1 , 1 -Diethyl-n-hept-1 -yl, 1 , 1 -Diethyl-n-oct-1 -yl, 1 , 1 -Diethyl-n- dec-1 -yl, 1 ,1 -Diethyl-n-dodec-1 -yl, 1 ,1 -Diethyl-n-tetradec-1 -yl, 1 ,1 - Diethyln-n-hexadec-1 -yl, 1 , 1 -Diethyl-n-octadec-1 -yl, 1 -(n-Propyl)-cyclohex- 1 -yl, 1 -(n-Butyl)-cyclohex-1 -yl, 1 -(n-Hexyl)-cyclohex-1 -yl, l -(n-Octyl)- cyclohex-1 -yl und 1 -(n-Decyl)-cyclohex-1 -yl, Ethenyl, Propenyl, Butenyl, Pentenyl, Cyclopentenyl, Hexenyl, Cyclohexenyl, Heptenyl, Cycloheptenyl, Octenyl, Cyclooctenyl, Cyclooctadienyl, Ethinyl, Propinyl, Butinyl, Pentinyl, Hexinyl, Heptinyl oder Octinyl verstanden. Unter einer Alkoxygruppe OR1 mit 1 bis 40 C-Atomen werden bevorzugt Methoxy, Trifluormethoxy,
Ethoxy, n-Propoxy, i-Propoxy, n-Butoxy, i-Butoxy, s-Butoxy, t-Butoxy, n- Pentoxy, s-Pentoxy, 2-Methylbutoxy, n-Hexoxy, Cyclohexyloxy, n-Heptoxy, Cycloheptyloxy, n-Octyloxy, Cyclooctyloxy, 2-Ethylhexyloxy, Pentafluor- ethoxy und 2,2,2-Trifluorethoxy verstanden. Unter einer Thioalkylgruppe SR1 mit 1 bis 40 C-Atomen werden insbesondere Methylthio, Ethylthio, n- Propylthio, i-Propylthio, n-Butylthio, i-Butylthio, s-Butylthio, t-Butylthio, n- Pentylthio, s-Pentylthio, n-Hexylthio, Cyclohexylthio, n-Heptylthio, Cycloheptylthio, n-Octylthio, Cyclooctylthio, 2-Ethylhexylthio, Trifluormethylthio, Pentafluorethylthio, 2,2,2-Trifluorethylthio, Ethenylthio, Propenylthio, Butenylthio, Pentenylthio, Cyclopentenylthio, Hexenylthio, Cyclohexenylthio, Heptenylthio, Cycloheptenylthio, Octenylthio, Cyclooctenylthio, Ethinylthio, Propinylthio, Butinylthio, Pentinylthio, Hexinylthio, Heptinylthio oder Octinylthio verstanden. Allgemein können Alkyl-, Alkoxy- oder Thioalkylgruppen gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung geradkettig, verzweigt oder zyklisch sein, wobei eine oder mehrere nichtbenachbarte CH2-Gruppen durch die oben genannten Gruppen ersetzt sein können; weiterhin können auch ein oder mehrere H-Atome durch D, F, CI, Br, I, CN oder NO2, bevorzugt F, CI oder CN, besonders bevorzugt F oder CN ersetzt sein. In the context of the present invention, an aliphatic hydrocarbon radical or an alkyl group or an alkenyl or alkynyl group, which can contain 1 to 40 carbon atoms, and in which individual H atoms or CH 2 groups are also substituted by the abovementioned groups can be, preferably the radicals methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, i-propyl, n-butyl, i-butyl, s-butyl, t-butyl, 2-methylbutyl, n-pentyl, s-pentyl, t-pentyl, 2-pentyl, neo-pentyl, cyclopentyl, n-hexyl, s-hexyl, t-hexyl, 2-hexyl, 3-hexyl, neo-hexyl, cyclohexyl, 1-methylcyclopentyl, 2-methylpentyl, n-heptyl, 2- heptyl, 3-heptyl, 4-heptyl, cycloheptyl, 1-methylcyclohexyl, n-octyl, cyclooctyl, 2-ethylhexyl, 1-bicyclo[2.2.2]octyl, 2-bicyclo[2.2.2]octyl, 2-(2,6-dimethyl)octyl, 3-(3,7-dimethyl)octyl, adamantyl, trifluoromethyl, pentafluoroethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, 1,1-dimethyl-n-hex-1-yl, 1,1-dimethyl-n-hept-1-yl, 1,1-dimethyl-n-oct-1-yl, 1,1-dimethyl-n-dec-1-yl, 1,1-dimethyl-n- dodec-1-yl, 1,1-dimethyl-n-tetradec-1-yl, 1,1-dimethyl-n-hexadec-1-yl, 1,1-dimethyl-n-octadec-1-yl, 1, 1-diethyl-n-hex-1-yl, 1,1-diethyl-n-hept-1-yl, 1,1-diethyl-n-oct-1-yl, 1,1-diethyl-n-dec- 1-yl, 1,1-diethyl-n-dodec-1-yl, 1,1-diethyl-n-tetradec-1-yl, 1,1-diethyln-n-hexadec-1-yl, 1,1- Diethyl-n-octadec-1-yl, 1-(n-propyl)-cyclohex-1-yl, 1-(n-butyl)-cyclohex-1-yl, 1-(n-hexyl)-cyclohex-1- yl, 1-(n-octyl)-cyclohex-1-yl and 1-(n-decyl)-cyclohex-1-yl, ethenyl, propenyl, butenyl, pentenyl, cyclopentenyl, hexenyl, cyclohexenyl, heptenyl, cycloheptenyl, octenyl, Cyclooctenyl, cyclooctadienyl, ethynyl, propynyl, butynyl, pentynyl, hexynyl, heptynyl or octynyl understood. An alkoxy group OR 1 having 1 to 40 carbon atoms is preferably methoxy, trifluoromethoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, i-propoxy, n-butoxy, i-butoxy, s-butoxy, t-butoxy, n-pentoxy, s-pentoxy, 2-methylbutoxy, n-hexoxy, cyclohexyloxy, n-heptoxy, cycloheptyloxy, n-Octyloxy, cyclooctyloxy, 2-ethylhexyloxy, pentafluoroethoxy and 2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy understood. A thioalkyl group SR 1 having 1 to 40 carbon atoms is, in particular, methylthio, ethylthio, n-propylthio, i-propylthio, n-butylthio, i-butylthio, s-butylthio, t-butylthio, n-pentylthio, s-pentylthio, n-hexylthio, cyclohexylthio, n-heptylthio, cycloheptylthio, n-octylthio, cyclooctylthio, 2-ethylhexylthio, trifluoromethylthio, pentafluoroethylthio, 2,2,2-trifluoroethylthio, ethenylthio, propenylthio, butenylthio, pentenylthio, cyclopentenylthio, hexenylthio, cyclohexenylthio, heptenylthio, Cycloheptenylthio, octenylthio, cyclooctenylthio, ethynylthio, propynylthio, butynylthio, pentynylthio, hexynylthio, heptynylthio or octynylthio understood. In general, alkyl, alkoxy or thioalkyl groups according to the present invention can be straight-chain, branched or cyclic, it being possible for one or more non-adjacent CH2 groups to be replaced by the groups mentioned above; furthermore, one or more H atoms can also be replaced by D, F, Cl, Br, I, CN or NO2, preferably F, Cl or CN, particularly preferably F or CN.
Unter einem aromatischen oder heteroaromatischen Ringsystem mit 5 - 60 aromatischen Ringatomen, vorzugsweise 5 - 40 aromatischen Ringatomen, welches noch jeweils mit den oben genannten Resten oder einem Kohlenwasserstoffrest substituiert sein kann und welches über beliebige Positionen am Aromaten bzw. Heteroaromaten verknüpft sein kann, werden insbesondere Gruppen verstanden, die abgeleitet sind von Benzol, Naphthalin, Anthracen, Benzanthracen, Phenanthren, Pyren, Chrysen, Perylen, Fluoranthen, Naphthacen, Pentacen, Benzpyren, Biphenyl, Biphenylen, Terphenyl, Triphenylen, Fluoren, Spirobifluoren, Dihydrophenanthren, Dihydropyren, Tetrahydropyren, cis- oder trans- Indenofluoren, cis- oder trans-lndenocarbazol, cis- oder trans-lndolo- carbazol, cis- oder trans-Monobenzoindenofluoren, cis- oder trans- Dibenzoindenofluoren, Truxen, Isotruxen, Spirotruxen, Spiroisotruxen, Furan, Benzofuran, Isobenzofuran, Dibenzofuran, Thiophen, Benzothio- phen, Isobenzothiophen, Dibenzothiophen, Pyrrol, Indol, Isoindol, Carba- zol, Pyridin, Chinolin, Isochinolin, Acridin, Phenanthridin, Benzo-5,6-chino-
lin, Benzo-6,7-chinolin, Benzo-7,8-chinolin, Phenothiazin, Phenoxazin, Pyrazol, Indazol, Imidazol, Benzimidazol, Naphthimidazol, Phenanthrimi- dazol, Pyridimidazol, Pyrazinimidazol, Chinoxalinimidazol, Oxazol, Benz- oxazol, Naphthoxazol, Anthroxazol, Phenanthroxazol, Isoxazol, 1 ,2- Thiazol, 1 ,3-Thiazol, Benzothiazol, Pyridazin, Hexaazatriphenylen, Benzo- pyridazin, Pyrimidin, Benzpyrimidin, Chinoxalin, 1 ,5-Diazaanthracen, 2,7- Diazapyren, 2,3-Diazapyren, 1 ,6-Diazapyren, 1 ,8-Diazapyren, 4,5-Diaza- pyren, 4,5,9, 10-Tetraazaperylen, Pyrazin, Phenazin, Phenoxazin, Pheno- thiazin, Fluorubin, Naphthyridin, Azacarbazol, Benzocarbolin, Phenan- throlin, 1 ,2,3-Triazol, 1 ,2,4-Triazol, Benzotriazol, 1 ,2,3-Oxadiazol, 1 ,2,4- Oxadiazol, 1 ,2,5-Oxadiazol, 1 ,3,4-Oxadiazol, 1 ,2,3-Thiadiazol, 1 ,2,4-Thia- diazol, 1 ,2,5-Thiadiazol, 1 ,3,4-Thiadiazol, 1 ,3,5-Triazin, 1 ,2,4-Triazin, 1 ,2,3-Triazin, Tetrazol, 1 ,2,4,5-Tetrazin, 1 ,2,3,4-Tetrazin, 1 ,2,3,5-Tetrazin, Purin, Pteridin, Indolizin und Benzothiadiazol oder Gruppen, die abgeleitet sind von Kombinationen dieser Systeme. Under an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system with 5 - 60 aromatic ring atoms, preferably 5 - 40 aromatic ring atoms, which can be substituted in each case with the above-mentioned radicals or a hydrocarbon radical and which can be linked via any positions on the aromatic or heteroaromatic, in particular Understood groups derived from benzene, naphthalene, anthracene, benzanthracene, phenanthrene, pyrene, chrysene, perylene, fluoranthene, naphthacene, pentacene, benzopyrene, biphenyl, biphenylene, terphenyl, triphenylene, fluorene, spirobifluorene, dihydrophenanthrene, dihydropyrene, tetrahydropyrene, cis - or trans-indenofluorene, cis- or trans-indenocarbazole, cis- or trans-indolocarbazole, cis- or trans-monobenzoindenofluorene, cis- or trans-dibenzoindenofluorene, truxene, isotruxene, spirotruxene, spiroisotruxene, furan, benzofuran, isobenzofuran, Dibenzofuran, thiophene, benzothiophene, isobenzothiophene, dibenzothiophene, pyrrole, indole, isoindole, carbazole, pyridine, quinoline, isoquinoline, acridine, phenanthridine, benzo-5,6-quino- lin, benzo-6,7-quinoline, benzo-7,8-quinoline, phenothiazine, phenoxazine, pyrazole, indazole, imidazole, benzimidazole, naphthimidazole, phenanthrimidazole, pyridimidazole, pyrazineimidazole, quinoxalineimidazole, oxazole, benzoxazole, naphthoxazole, Anthroxazole, phenanthroxazole, isoxazole, 1,2-thiazole, 1,3-thiazole, benzothiazole, pyridazine, hexaazatriphenylene, benzopyridazine, pyrimidine, benzopyrimidine, quinoxaline, 1,5-diazaanthracene, 2,7-diazapyrene, 2,3- Diazapyrene, 1,6-diazapyrene, 1,8-diazapyrene, 4,5-diazapyrene, 4,5,9,10-tetraazaperylene, pyrazine, phenazine, phenoxazine, phenothiazine, fluorubine, naphthyridine, azacarbazole, benzocarboline, Phenanthroline, 1,2,3-triazole, 1,2,4-triazole, benzotriazole, 1,2,3-oxadiazole, 1,2,4-oxadiazole, 1,2,5-oxadiazole, 1,3, 4-oxadiazole, 1,2,3-thiadiazole, 1,2,4-thiadiazole, 1,2,5-thiadiazole, 1,3,4-thiadiazole, 1,3,5-triazine, 1,2, 4-triazine, 1,2,3-triazine, tetrazole, 1,2,4,5-tetrazine, 1,2,3,4-tetrazine, 1,2,3,5-tetrazine, purine, pteridine, and indolizine benzothiadiazole or groups derived from combinations of these systems.
Unter der Formulierung, dass zwei oder mehr Reste miteinander ein Ringsystem bilden können, soll im Rahmen der vorliegenden Beschreibung unter anderem verstanden werden, dass die beiden Reste miteinander durch eine chemische Bindung unter formaler Abspaltung von zwei Wasserstoffatomen verknüpft sind. Dies wird durch das folgende Schema verdeutlicht: The wording that two or more radicals can form a ring system with one another is to be understood in the context of the present description, inter alia, as meaning that the two radicals are linked to one another by a chemical bond with formal splitting off of two hydrogen atoms. This is illustrated by the following scheme:
Weiterhin soll unter der oben genannten Formulierung aber auch verstanden werden, dass für den Fall, dass einer der beiden Reste Wasserstoff darstellt, der zweite Rest unter Bildung eines Rings an die Position, an die das Wasserstoffatom gebunden war, bindet. Dies soll durch das folgende Schema verdeutlicht werden:
Furthermore, the above formulation should also be understood to mean that if one of the two radicals is hydrogen, the second radical binds to the position to which the hydrogen atom was bonded, forming a ring. This should be illustrated by the following scheme:
Weitere bevorzugte Ausführungsformen zeigen die folgenden Formeln (2) bis (4):
The following formulas (2) to (4) show further preferred embodiments:
Formel (2) Formel (3)
formula (2) formula (3)
Formel (4) wobei die verwendeten Symbole die oben für Formeln (1 ) genannten Bedeutungen aufweisen, wobei folgendes zusätzlich gilt: Formula (4) where the symbols used have the meanings given above for formula (1), with the following additionally applying:
Ar1 ist bei jedem Auftreten gleich oder verschieden ein bivalentes aromatisches oder heteroaromatisches Ringsystem mit 5 bis 60 aromatischen Ringatomen, bevorzugt mit 5 bis 40 aromatischen Ringatomen, das jeweils durch einen oder mehrere Reste R1 substituiert sein kann; Ar 1 is identical or different on each occurrence, a bivalent aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 60 aromatic ring atoms, preferably having 5 to 40 aromatic ring atoms, which can be substituted by one or more radicals R 1 ;
R‘ ist bei jedem Auftreten gleich oder verschieden D, F, CI, Br, I, N(Ar‘)2, N(R1)2, OAr‘, SAr‘, B(OR1)2, CHO, C(=O)R1, CR1=C(R1)2, CN, C(=O)OR1 , C(=O)NR1 , Si(R1)3, NO2, P(=O)(R1)2, OSO2R1 , OR1, S(=O)R1, S(=O)2R1 , SR1, ein aromatisches oder heteroaromatisches Ringsystem mit 5 bis 60 aromatischen Ringatomen, bevorzugt mit 5 bis 40 aromatischen Ringatomen, das jeweils durch einen oder mehrere Reste R1 substituiert sein kann; s ist bei jedem Auftreten gleich oder verschieden und steht für 0 oder 1 , wobei 0 bedeutet, dass das Triazin direkt an das Triptycen gebunden ist.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung stehen maximal zwei Symbole X pro Zyklus für N, besonders bevorzugt maximal ein Symbol X. R' is the same or different on each occurrence D, F, CI, Br, I, N(Ar')2, N(R 1 ) 2 , OAr', SAr', B(OR 1 ) 2 , CHO, C( =O) R1 , CR1 =C( R1 ) 2 , CN, C(=O) OR1 , C(=O) NR1 , Si( R1 ) 3 , NO2 , P(=O)( R 1 ) 2 , OSO2R 1 , OR 1 , S(=O)R 1 , S(=O)2R 1 , SR 1 , an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 60 aromatic ring atoms, preferably having 5 to 40 aromatic ring atoms, each of which may be substituted by one or more R 1 radicals; s is the same or different on each occurrence and is 0 or 1, where 0 means that the triazine is bonded directly to the triptycene. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, a maximum of two symbols X per cycle stand for N, particularly preferably a maximum of one symbol X.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung steht X für CR. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, X is CR.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform stehen alle X für CR, wobei R fürIn a preferred embodiment, all Xs are CR, where R is
H, D, F oder CN steht. H, D, F or CN.
Bevorzugte Ausführungsformen der Verbindungen der Formeln (2), (3) und (4) sind die folgenden Verbindungen der Formeln (2-1 ) bis (4-1 ):
Preferred embodiments of the compounds of the formulas (2), (3) and (4) are the following compounds of the formulas (2-1) to (4-1):
Formel (4-1 ) wobei die Symbole soweit vorhanden die für die Formeln (2) bis (4) genannten Bedeutungen aufweisen. Formula (4-1) where the symbols, if present, have the meanings given for formulas (2) to (4).
Die Verbindungen der Formeln (2) und (3) oder ihre bevorzugten Ausführungsformen können abhängig von der Substitution ein Enantiomerenpaar bilden. Bevorzugt liegt die erfindungsgemäße Verbindung als Racemat vor, sie kann aber auch als reines Enantiomer vorliegen. The compounds of formulas (2) and (3) or their preferred embodiments may form a pair of enantiomers depending on the substitution. The compound according to the invention is preferably present as a racemate, but it can also be present as a pure enantiomer.
Im Folgenden werden bevorzugte Substituenten R, Ar1 , Ar‘, R‘, R“, R1 und R2 beschrieben. In einer besonders bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung treten die nachfolgend genannten Bevorzugungen für R, Ar1, Ar‘, R‘, R“, R1 und R2 gleichzeitig auf und gelten für die Strukturen der Formel (1 ) sowie für alle oben aufgeführten bevorzugten Ausführungsformen. Preferred substituents R, Ar 1 , Ar', R', R", R 1 and R 2 are described below. In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the preferences given below for R, Ar 1 , Ar′, R′, R″, R 1 and R 2 occur simultaneously and apply to the structures of the formula (1) and to all preferred ones listed above embodiments.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist R bei jedem Auftreten gleich oder verschieden ausgewählt aus der Gruppe bestehend aus H, D, F, CN, OR1, einer geradkettigen Alkylgruppe mit 1 bis 10 C-Atomen oder einer Alkenylgruppe mit 2 bis 10 C-Atomen oder einer verzweigten
oder zyklischen Alkylgruppe mit 3 bis 10 C-Atomen, wobei die Alkyl- bzw. Alkenylgruppe jeweils mit einem oder mehreren Resten R1 substituiert sein kann, bevorzugt jedoch unsubstituiert ist, und wobei eine oder mehrere nicht benachbarte CH2-Gruppen durch 0 ersetzt sein können, oder einem aromatischen oder heteroaromatischen Ringsystem mit 6 bis 30 aromatischen Ringatomen, das jeweils durch einen oder mehrere Reste R1 substituiert sein kann; dabei können zwei Reste R auch miteinander ein aliphatisches, aromatisches oder heteroaromatisches Ringsystem bilden. Besonders bevorzugt ist R bei jedem Auftreten gleich oder verschieden ausgewählt aus der Gruppe bestehend aus H, F, CN, einer geradkettigen Alkylgruppe mit 1 bis 6 C-Atomen, insbesondere mit 1 , 2, 3 oder 4 C-Atomen, oder einer verzweigten oder zyklischen Alkylgruppe mit 3 bis 6 C-Atomen, wobei die Alkylgruppe jeweils mit einem oder mehreren Resten R1 substituiert sein kann, bevorzugt aber unsubstituiert ist, oder einem aromatischen oder heteroaromatischen Ringsystem mit 6 bis 24 aromatischen Ringatomen, das jeweils durch einen oder mehrere Reste R1 , bevorzugt nicht-aromatische Reste R1, substituiert sein kann. Ganz besonders bevorzugt ist R bei jedem Auftreten gleich oder verschieden ausgewählt aus der Gruppe bestehend aus H oder einem aromatischen oder heteroaromatischen Ringsystem mit 6 bis 24 aromatischen Ringatomen, das jeweils durch einen oder mehrere Reste R2, bevorzugt nichtaromatische Reste R2, substituiert sein kann. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, R is selected identically or differently on each occurrence from the group consisting of H, D, F, CN, OR 1 , a straight-chain alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms or an alkenyl group having 2 to 10 carbon Atoms or a branched or cyclic alkyl group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, in which case the alkyl or alkenyl group can be substituted by one or more radicals R 1 , but is preferably unsubstituted, and in which one or more non-adjacent CH 2 groups can be replaced by 0 , or an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 6 to 30 aromatic ring atoms, each of which can be substituted by one or more radicals R 1 ; two radicals R can also form an aliphatic, aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system with one another. R is particularly preferably selected identically or differently on each occurrence from the group consisting of H, F, CN, a straight-chain alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, in particular having 1, 2, 3 or 4 carbon atoms, or a branched or cyclic alkyl group having 3 to 6 carbon atoms, where each alkyl group may be substituted by one or more radicals R 1 , but is preferably unsubstituted, or an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 6 to 24 aromatic ring atoms, each of which is substituted by one or more radicals R 1 , preferably non-aromatic radicals R 1 , can be substituted. R is very particularly preferably selected on each occurrence, identically or differently, from the group consisting of H or an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 6 to 24 aromatic ring atoms, which can be substituted by one or more radicals R 2 , preferably non-aromatic radicals R 2 .
Geeignete aromatische bzw. heteroaromatische Ringsysteme R sind ausgewählt aus Phenyl, Biphenyl, insbesondere ortho-, meta- oder para- Biphenyl, Terphenyl, insbesondere ortho-, meta-, para- oder verzweigtem Terphenyl, Quaterphenyl, insbesondere ortho-, meta-, para- oder verzweigtem Quaterphenyl, Fluoren, welches über die 1 -, 2-, 3- oder 4- Position verknüpft sein kann, Spirobifluoren, welches über die 1 -, 2-, 3- oder 4-Position verknüpft sein kann, Naphthalin, welches über die 1 - oder 2-Position verknüpft sein kann, Indol, Benzofuran, Benzothiophen, welches über die 1 -, 2-, 3- oder 4-Position verknüpft sein kann, Dibenzo- furan, Carbazol, welches über die 1 -, 2-, 3- oder 4-Position verknüpft sein kann, Dibenzothiophen, welches über die 1 -, 2-, 3- oder 4-Position verknüpft sein kann, Indenocarbazol, Indolocarbazol, Pyridin, Pyrimidin, Pyrazin, Pyridazin, Triazin, Chinolin, Chinazolin, Benzimidazol,
Phenanthren, Triphenylen oder einer Kombination aus zwei oder drei dieser Gruppen, welche jeweils mit einem oder mehreren Resten R1 substituiert sein können. Wenn R für eine Heteroarylgruppe, insbesondere für Triazin, Pyrimidin oder Chinazolin steht, können auch aromatische oder heteroaromatische Reste R1 an dieser Heteroarylgruppe bevorzugt sein. Suitable aromatic or heteroaromatic ring systems R are selected from phenyl, biphenyl, in particular ortho-, meta- or para-biphenyl, terphenyl, in particular ortho-, meta-, para- or branched terphenyl, quaterphenyl, in particular ortho-, meta-, para - or branched quaterphenyl, fluorene, which can be linked via the 1-, 2-, 3- or 4-position, spirobifluorene, which can be linked via the 1-, 2-, 3- or 4-position, naphthalene, which can be linked via the 1- or 2-position, indole, benzofuran, benzothiophene, which can be linked via the 1-, 2-, 3- or 4-position, dibenzofuran, carbazole, which can be linked via the 1-, 2- -, 3- or 4-position, dibenzothiophene, which can be linked via the 1-, 2-, 3- or 4-position, indenocarbazole, indolocarbazole, pyridine, pyrimidine, pyrazine, pyridazine, triazine, quinoline, quinazoline , benzimidazole, Phenanthrene, triphenylene or a combination of two or three of these groups, which can each be substituted with one or more R 1 radicals. If R is a heteroaryl group, in particular triazine, pyrimidine or quinazoline, preference may also be given to aromatic or heteroaromatic radicals R 1 on this heteroaryl group.
Dabei sind die Gruppen R, wenn sie für ein aromatisches bzw. heteroaromatisches Ringsystem stehen, bevorzugt gewählt aus den Gruppen der folgenden Formeln R-1 bis R-163,
The groups R, if they represent an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system, are preferably selected from the groups of the following formulas R-1 to R-163,
R-19 R-20 R-21
R-19 R-20 R-21
R-72 R-73 R-74
R-72 R-73 R-74
R-156 R-157 R-158
wobei R1 die oben genannten Bedeutungen aufweist, die gestrichelte Bindung die Bindung zu Formel (1 ) darstellt und weiterhin gilt: R-156 R-157 R-158 where R 1 has the meanings given above, the dashed bond represents the bond to formula (1) and the following also applies:
Ar3 ist bei jedem Auftreten gleich oder verschieden ein bivalentes aromatisches oder heteroaromatisches Ringsystem mit 6 bis 18 aromatischen Ringatomen, welches jeweils mit einem oder mehreren Resten R1 substituiert sein kann; Ar 3 is identical or different on each occurrence, a bivalent aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 6 to 18 aromatic ring atoms, which can be substituted by one or more radicals R 1 ;
A1 ist bei jedem Auftreten gleich oder verschieden BR1 , C(R1)2, NR1, O oder S, bevorzugt C(R1)2, NR1, O oder S; A 1 is identical or different on each occurrence, BR 1 , C(R 1 ) 2 , NR 1 , O or S, preferably C(R 1 ) 2 , NR 1 , O or S;
A2 ist bei jedem Auftreten gleich oder verschieden C(R1)2, NR1, O oder S; p ist 0 oder 1 , wobei p = 0 bedeutet, dass die Gruppe Ar3 nicht vorhanden ist und dass die entsprechende aromatische bzw. heteroaromatische Gruppe direkt das zugehörige Atom, beispielsweise ein Kohlenstoffatom oder an ein Heteroatom wie ein Stickstoff gebunden ist, wobei im Fall von Bindung an ein Heteroatom für die Formeln R- 44, R-49, R-53, R-57, R-58, R-62, R-66, R-70, R-71 , R-112, R-152, R- 153, R-154, R-155, R-156, R-157, R-158, R-159, R-160 p gleich 1 ist; r ist 0 oder 1 , wobei r = 0 bedeutet, dass an dieser Position keine Gruppe A1 gebunden ist und an die entsprechenden Kohlenstoffatome stattdessen Reste R1 gebunden sind. A 2 is, identically or differently, on each occurrence C(R 1 )2, NR 1 , O or S; p is 0 or 1, where p=0 means that the Ar 3 group is not present and that the corresponding aromatic or heteroaromatic group is directly attached to the associated atom, for example a carbon atom or to a heteroatom such as a nitrogen, in which case from bonding to a heteroatom for formulas R-44, R-49, R-53, R-57, R-58, R-62, R-66, R-70, R-71, R-112, R- 152, R-153, R-154, R-155, R-156, R-157, R-158, R-159, R-160 p is 1; r is 0 or 1, where r=0 means that no group A 1 is bonded to this position and radicals R 1 are bonded to the corresponding carbon atoms instead.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform umfasst Ar3 bivalente aromatische oder heteroaromatische Ringsysteme basierend auf den Gruppen der R-1 bis R-163, wobei p gleich 0 gilt und die gestrichelte Bindung und ein R1 für
die Bindung zur aromatischen oder heteroaromatischen Gruppe nach R-1 bis R-163 steht. In a preferred embodiment, Ar 3 comprises divalent aromatic or heteroaromatic ring systems based on the groups of R-1 to R-163, where p is 0 and the dashed bond and an R 1 is the bond to the aromatic or heteroaromatic group is after R-1 to R-163.
Wenn die oben genannten Gruppen R-1 bis R-163 für R mehrere Gruppen A1 aufweisen, so kommen hierfür alle Kombinationen aus der Definition von A1 in Frage. Bevorzugte Ausführungsformen sind dann solche, in denen eine Gruppe A1 für C(R1)2, NR1, 0 oder S und die andere Gruppe A1 für C(R1)2 steht oder in denen beide Gruppen A1 für S oder 0 stehen oder in denen beide Gruppen A1 für 0 bzw. S stehen. If the groups R-1 to R-163 mentioned above have several groups A 1 for R, all combinations from the definition of A 1 are suitable for this. Preferred embodiments are then those in which one group A 1 is C(R 1 ) 2 , NR 1 , O or S and the other group A 1 is C(R 1 ) 2 or in which both groups A 1 are S or 0 or in which both groups A 1 are 0 or S.
Wenn A1 für NR1 steht, steht der Substituent R1 , der an das Stickstoffatom gebunden ist, bevorzugt für ein aromatisches oder heteroaromatisches Ringsystem mit 5 bis 24 aromatischen Ringatomen, welches auch durch einen oder mehrere Reste R2 substituiert sein kann. In einer besonders bevorzugten Ausführungsform steht dieser Substituent R1 gleich oder verschieden bei jedem Auftreten für ein aromatisches oder heteroaromatisches Ringsystem mit 6 bis 24 aromatischen Ringatomen, bevorzugt mit 6 bis 12 aromatischen Ringatomen, welches keine kondensierten Arylgruppen oder Heteroarylgruppen, in denen zwei oder mehr aromatische bzw. heteroaromatische 6-Ring-Gruppen direkt aneinander ankondensiert sind, aufweist, und welches jeweils auch durch einen oder mehrere Reste R2 substituiert sein kann. Besonders bevorzugt sind Phenyl, Biphenyl, Terphenyl und Quaterphenyl mit Verknüpfungsmustern, wie vorne für R-1 bis R-35 aufgeführt, wobei diese Strukturen durch einen oder mehrere Reste R1 substituiert sein können, bevorzugt aber unsubstituiert sind. If A 1 is NR 1 , the substituent R 1 which is bonded to the nitrogen atom is preferably an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 24 aromatic ring atoms, which can also be substituted by one or more R 2 radicals. In a particularly preferred embodiment, this substituent R 1 is identical or different on each occurrence for an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 6 to 24 aromatic ring atoms, preferably having 6 to 12 aromatic ring atoms, which has no fused aryl groups or heteroaryl groups in which two or more aromatic or heteroaromatic 6-ring groups are fused directly to one another, and which can each also be substituted by one or more R 2 radicals. Particular preference is given to phenyl, biphenyl, terphenyl and quaterphenyl with linkage patterns as listed above for R-1 to R-35, it being possible for these structures to be substituted by one or more radicals R 1 , but they are preferably unsubstituted.
Wenn A1 für C(R1)2 steht, stehen die Substituenten R1, die an dieses Kohlenstoffatom gebunden sind, bevorzugt gleich oder verschieden bei jedem Auftreten für eine lineare Alkylgruppe mit 1 bis 10 C-Atomen oder für eine verzweigte oder zyklische Alkylgruppe mit 3 bis 10 C-Atomen oder für ein aromatisches oder heteroaromatisches Ringsystem mit 5 bis 24 aromatischen Ringatomen, welches auch durch einen oder mehrere Reste R2 substituiert sein kann. Ganz besonders bevorzugt steht R1 für eine Methylgruppe oder für eine Phenylgruppe. Dabei können die Reste R1 auch miteinander ein Ringsystem bilden, was zu einem Spirosystem führt.
Geeignete aromatische bzw. heteroaromatische Ringsysteme R“ sind ausgewählt aus Phenyl, Biphenyl, insbesondere ortho-, meta- oder para- Biphenyl, Terphenyl, insbesondere ortho-, meta-, para- oder verzweigtem Terphenyl, Quaterphenyl, insbesondere ortho-, meta-, para- oder verzweigtem Quaterphenyl, Fluoren, welches über die 1-, 2-, 3- oder 4- Position verknüpft sein kann, Spirobifluoren, welches über die 1-, 2-, 3- oder 4-Position verknüpft sein kann, Naphthalin, welches über die 1 - oder 2-Position verknüpft sein kann, Indol, Benzofuran, Benzothiophen, welches über die 1-, 2-, 3- oder 4-Position verknüpft sein kann, Dibenzo- furan, Carbazol, welches über die 1-, 2-, 3- oder 4-Position verknüpft sein kann, Dibenzothiophen, welches über die 1-, 2-, 3- oder 4-Position verknüpft sein kann, Indenocarbazol, Indolocarbazol, Pyridin, Pyrimidin, Pyrazin, Pyridazin, Triazin, Chinolin, Chinazolin, Benzimidazol, Phenanthren, Triphenylen oder einer Kombination aus zwei oder drei dieser Gruppen, welche jeweils mit einem oder mehreren Resten R1 substituiert sein können. Wenn R“ für eine Heteroarylgruppe, insbesondere für Triazin, Pyrimidin oder Chinazolin steht, können auch aromatische oder heteroaromatische Reste R1 an dieser Heteroarylgruppe bevorzugt sein. If A 1 is C(R 1 ) 2 , the substituents R 1 bonded to this carbon atom are preferably identical or different on each occurrence for a linear alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms or for a branched or cyclic alkyl group with 3 to 10 carbon atoms or for an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system with 5 to 24 aromatic ring atoms, which can also be substituted by one or more radicals R 2 . R 1 very particularly preferably represents a methyl group or a phenyl group. The radicals R 1 can also form a ring system with one another, which leads to a spiro system. Suitable aromatic or heteroaromatic ring systems R" are selected from phenyl, biphenyl, in particular ortho-, meta- or para-biphenyl, terphenyl, in particular ortho-, meta-, para- or branched terphenyl, quaterphenyl, in particular ortho-, meta-, para- or branched quaterphenyl, fluorene, which can be linked via the 1-, 2-, 3- or 4-position, spirobifluorene, which can be linked via the 1-, 2-, 3- or 4-position, naphthalene, which can be linked via the 1- or 2-position, indole, benzofuran, benzothiophene, which can be linked via the 1-, 2-, 3- or 4-position, dibenzofuran, carbazole, which can be linked via the 1-, 2-, 3- or 4-position can be linked, dibenzothiophene, which can be linked via the 1-, 2-, 3- or 4-position, indenocarbazole, indolocarbazole, pyridine, pyrimidine, pyrazine, pyridazine, triazine, quinoline, quinazoline, benzimidazole, phenanthrene, triphenylene or a combination of two or three of these groups, which can each be substituted with one or more radicals R 1 . If R" represents a heteroaryl group, in particular triazine, pyrimidine or quinazoline, preference may also be given to aromatic or heteroaromatic radicals R 1 on this heteroaryl group.
Dabei sind die Gruppen R“, wenn sie für ein aromatisches bzw. heteroaromatisches Ringsystem stehen, bevorzugt gewählt aus den Gruppen der Formeln R-1 bis R-163, bevorzugt R-1 bis R-26, R-36 bis R-38, R-44 bis R-69. If the groups R" represent an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system, they are preferably selected from the groups of the formulas R-1 to R-163, preferably R-1 to R-26, R-36 to R-38, R-44 to R-69.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist R‘ bei jedem Auftreten gleich oder verschieden ausgewählt aus der Gruppe bestehend aus D, F, CN, OR1, einem aromatischen oder heteroaromatischen Ringsystem mit 6 bis 30 aromatischen Ringatomen, das jeweils durch einen oder mehrere Reste R1 substituiert sein kann, mit der Maßgabe, dass mindestens wenn zwei R‘ vorhanden sind, einer oder beide R‘ mindestens eine Triazingruppe umfassen, welche mit zwei Resten R“ substituiert ist. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, R' is selected identically or differently on each occurrence from the group consisting of D, F, CN, OR 1 , an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 6 to 30 aromatic ring atoms, each of which is replaced by one or more radicals R 1 may be substituted, provided that at least when two R' are present, one or both R' comprise at least one triazine group substituted with two R'' groups.
Besonders bevorzugt ist R‘ bei jedem Auftreten gleich oder verschieden ausgewählt aus der Gruppe bestehend aus D, F, CN oder einem aroma-
tischen oder heteroaromatischen Ringsystem mit 6 bis 24 aromatischen Ringatomen, das jeweils durch einen oder mehrere Reste R2, bevorzugt nicht-aromatische Reste R2, substituiert sein kann, mit der Maßgabe, dass mindestens wenn zwei R‘ vorhanden sind, einer oder beide R‘ mindestens eine Triazingruppe umfassen, welche mit zwei Resten R“ substituiert ist. R' is particularly preferably selected identically or differently on each occurrence from the group consisting of D, F, CN or an aromatic tic or heteroaromatic ring system having 6 to 24 aromatic ring atoms, each of which can be substituted by one or more radicals R 2 , preferably non-aromatic radicals R 2 , with the proviso that at least when two R 'are present, one or both R 'Include at least one triazine group which is substituted with two radicals R'.
Geeignete aromatische bzw. heteroaromatische Ringsysteme R‘ sind ausgewählt aus Phenyl, Biphenyl, insbesondere ortho-, meta- oder para- Biphenyl, Terphenyl, insbesondere ortho-, meta-, para- oder verzweigtem Terphenyl, Quaterphenyl, insbesondere ortho-, meta-, para- oder verzweigtem Quaterphenyl, Fluoren, welches über die 1-, 2-, 3- oder 4- Position verknüpft sein kann, Spirobifluoren, welches über die 1-, 2-, 3- oder 4-Position verknüpft sein kann, Naphthalin, welches über die 1 - oder 2-Position verknüpft sein kann, Indol, Benzofuran, Benzothiophen, welches über die 1-, 2-, 3- oder 4-Position verknüpft sein kann, Dibenzo- furan, Carbazol, welches über die 1-, 2-, 3- oder 4-Position verknüpft sein kann, Dibenzothiophen, welches über die 1-, 2-, 3- oder 4-Position verknüpft sein kann, Indenocarbazol, Indolocarbazol, Pyridin, Pyrimidin, Pyrazin, Pyridazin, Triazin, Chinolin, Chinazolin, Benzimidazol, Phenanthren, Triphenylen oder einer Kombination aus zwei oder drei dieser Gruppen, welche jeweils mit einem oder mehreren Resten R1 substituiert sein können. Wenn R für eine Heteroarylgruppe, insbesondere für Triazin, Pyrimidin oder Chinazolin steht, können auch aromatische oder heteroaromatische Reste R1 an dieser Heteroarylgruppe bevorzugt sein. Suitable aromatic or heteroaromatic ring systems R' are selected from phenyl, biphenyl, in particular ortho-, meta- or para-biphenyl, terphenyl, in particular ortho-, meta-, para- or branched terphenyl, quaterphenyl, in particular ortho-, meta-, para- or branched quaterphenyl, fluorene, which can be linked via the 1-, 2-, 3- or 4-position, spirobifluorene, which can be linked via the 1-, 2-, 3- or 4-position, naphthalene, which can be linked via the 1- or 2-position, indole, benzofuran, benzothiophene, which can be linked via the 1-, 2-, 3- or 4-position, dibenzofuran, carbazole, which can be linked via the 1-, 2-, 3- or 4-position can be linked, dibenzothiophene, which can be linked via the 1-, 2-, 3- or 4-position, indenocarbazole, indolocarbazole, pyridine, pyrimidine, pyrazine, pyridazine, triazine, quinoline, quinazoline, benzimidazole, phenanthrene, triphenylene or a combination of two or three of these groups, which can each be substituted with one or more radicals R 1 . If R is a heteroaryl group, in particular triazine, pyrimidine or quinazoline, preference may also be given to aromatic or heteroaromatic radicals R 1 on this heteroaryl group.
Dabei sind die Gruppen R‘, wenn sie für ein aromatisches bzw. heteroaromatisches Ringsystem stehen, bevorzugt gewählt aus den Gruppen der folgenden Formeln R-1 bis R-163, wobei wenn zwei Gruppen R‘ vorhanden sind, mindestens eine für R-79 steht. The groups R′, if they represent an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system, are preferably selected from the groups of the following formulas R-1 to R-163, where if two groups R′ are present, at least one represents R-79 .
In einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist R1 gleich oder verschieden bei jedem Auftreten ausgewählt aus der Gruppe bestehend aus H, D, F, CN, OR2, einer geradkettigen Alkylgruppe mit 1 bis 10 C-Atomen oder einer Alkenylgruppe mit 2 bis 10 C-Atomen oder einer verzweigten oder zyklischen Alkylgruppe mit 3 bis 10 C-Atomen, wobei die Alkyl- bzw. Alkenylgruppe jeweils mit einem oder mehreren Resten R2
substituiert sein kann und wobei eine oder mehrere nicht benachbarte CH2-Gruppen durch 0 ersetzt sein können, oder einem aromatischen oder heteroaromatischen Ringsystem mit 6 bis 30 aromatischen Ringatomen, das jeweils durch einen oder mehrere Reste R2 substituiert sein kann; dabei können zwei oder mehrere Reste R1 miteinander ein aliphatisches Ringsystem bilden. In einer besonders bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist R1 gleich oder verschieden bei jedem Auftreten ausgewählt aus der Gruppe bestehend aus H, einer geradkettigen Alkylgruppe mit 1 bis 6 C-Atomen, insbesondere mit 1 , 2, 3 oder 4 C-Atomen, oder einer verzweigten oder zyklischen Alkylgruppe mit 3 bis 6 C-Atomen, wobei die Alkylgruppe mit einem oder mehreren Resten R2 substituiert sein kann, bevorzugt aber unsubstituiert ist, oder einem aromatischen oder heteroaromatischen Ringsystem mit 6 bis 24 aromatischen Ringatomen, das jeweils durch einen oder mehrere Reste R2 substituiert sein kann, bevorzugt aber unsubstituiert ist. In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, R 1 is identical or different on each occurrence selected from the group consisting of H, D, F, CN, OR 2 , a straight-chain alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms or an alkenyl group having 2 to 10 C atoms or a branched or cyclic alkyl group with 3 to 10 C atoms, the alkyl or alkenyl group each having one or more radicals R 2 may be substituted and where one or more non-adjacent CH2 groups may be replaced by 0, or an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 6 to 30 aromatic ring atoms, each of which may be substituted by one or more R 2 radicals; two or more radicals R 1 can form an aliphatic ring system with one another. In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, R 1 is identical or different on each occurrence selected from the group consisting of H, a straight-chain alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, in particular having 1, 2, 3 or 4 carbon atoms, or one branched or cyclic alkyl group having 3 to 6 carbon atoms, where the alkyl group may be substituted by one or more radicals R 2 , but is preferably unsubstituted, or an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 6 to 24 aromatic ring atoms, each of which is substituted by one or more R 2 radicals may be substituted, but is preferably unsubstituted.
In einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist R2 gleich oder verschieden bei jedem Auftreten H, F, eine Alkylgruppe mit 1 bis 4 C- Atomen oder eine Arylgruppe mit 6 bis 10 C-Atomen, welche mit einer Alkylgruppe mit 1 bis 4 C-Atomen substituiert sein kann, bevorzugt aber unsubstituiert ist. In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, R 2 is the same or different on each occurrence of H, F, an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or an aryl group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms which is linked to an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms. Atoms may be substituted, but is preferably unsubstituted.
In einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung sind alle Reste R1, soweit sie für ein aromatisches oder heteroaromatisches Ringsystem, bzw. R2 soweit sie für aromatische oder heteroaromatische Gruppen stehen, ausgewählt aus den Gruppen R-1 bis R-163, welche allerdings dann jeweils entsprechend mit R2, bzw. den bei R2 genannten Gruppen substituiert sind. In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, all radicals R 1 , if they represent an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system, or R 2 if they represent aromatic or heteroaromatic groups, are selected from the groups R-1 to R-163, which, however, then are each substituted accordingly with R 2 or the groups mentioned for R 2 .
In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform bilden die Reste R keine weiteren an das Grundgerüst der Formel (1 ) ankondensierten aromatischen oder heteroaromatischen Gruppen. In a preferred embodiment, the radicals R do not form any further aromatic or heteroaromatic groups fused onto the basic structure of the formula (1).
In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung steht R bei jedem Auftreten gleich oder verschieden für H, D, F, CN oder eine Gruppe ausgewählt aus den Gruppen R-1 bis R-163, mit der Maßgabe dass p
gleich 0 ist und R1 für diese Gruppen für H, D, F oder CN steht, bevorzugt sind die Gruppen R-1 bis R-48, R-114 bis R-120. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, R on each occurrence is identical or different for H, D, F, CN or a group selected from the groups R-1 to R-163, with the proviso that p is 0 and R 1 represents H, D, F or CN for these groups, the groups R-1 to R-48, R-114 to R-120 being preferred.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform steht R bei jedem Auftreten gleich oder verschieden an allen Zyklen der Verbindung der Formel (1 ) für H, D, F oder CN, bevorzugt H, außer an dem Zyklus, an welchen die Triazingruppe gebunden ist. In a preferred embodiment, R is the same or different on each occurrence on all cycles of the compound of formula (1) for H, D, F or CN, preferably H, except on the cycle to which the triazine group is attached.
In einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform steht R“ bei jedem Auftreten gleich oder verschieden für eine Gruppe R-1 bis R-163, wobei R1 für diese Gruppen für H, D, F oder CN steht. In a further preferred embodiment, R″ is the same or different on each occurrence for a group R-1 to R-163, where R 1 is H, D, F or CN for these groups.
In einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform stehen R“ und R‘ bei jedem Auftreten gleich oder verschieden für eine Gruppe R-1 bis R-163, wobei R1 für diese Gruppen für H, D, F oder CN steht. In a further preferred embodiment, R'' and R' on each occurrence, identically or differently, represent a group R-1 to R-163, where R 1 represents H, D, F or CN for these groups.
In einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform umfasst mindestens ein Ar1 , R“ und/oder R‘ mehr als 6 aromatische Ringatome. In a further preferred embodiment, at least one Ar 1 , R'' and/or R' comprises more than 6 aromatic ring atoms.
In einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist mindestens ein Ar1 , R“ und/oder R‘ ausgewählt aus einer der Gruppen R-44 bis R-78, R-112, R- 113, R-143, R-146, R-153 bis R-163 mit der Maßgabe, dass p gleich 0 ist, und im Falle von Ar1 eine bivalente Gruppe vorliegt, bei welcher ein R1 die weitere Bindung zum Triazin darstellt. In a further preferred embodiment, at least one Ar 1 , R" and/or R' is selected from one of the groups R-44 to R-78, R-112, R-113, R-143, R-146, R-153 to R-163 with the proviso that p is 0, and in the case of Ar 1 there is a divalent group in which an R 1 represents the further bond to the triazine.
Dabei haben die Alkylgruppen in erfindungsgemäßen Verbindungen, die durch Vakuumverdampfung verarbeitet werden, bevorzugt nicht mehr als fünf C-Atome, besonders bevorzugt nicht mehr als 4 C-Atome, ganz besonders bevorzugt nicht mehr als 1 C-Atom. Für Verbindungen, die aus Lösung verarbeitet werden, eignen sich auch Verbindungen, die mit Alkylgruppen, insbesondere verzweigten Alkylgruppen, mit bis zu 10 C-Atomen substituiert sind oder die mit Oligoarylengruppen, beispielsweise ortho-, meta-, para- oder verzweigten Terphenyl- oder Quaterphenylgruppen, substituiert sind.
Die oben genannten bevorzugten Ausführungsformen können beliebig innerhalb der in Anspruch 1 definierten Einschränkungen miteinander kombiniert werden. In einer besonders bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung treten die oben genannten Bevorzugungen gleichzeitig auf. The alkyl groups in compounds according to the invention which are processed by vacuum evaporation preferably have no more than five carbon atoms, particularly preferably no more than 4 carbon atoms, very particularly preferably no more than 1 carbon atom. For compounds that are processed from solution, are also compounds that are substituted with alkyl groups, especially branched alkyl groups, having up to 10 carbon atoms or with oligoarylene groups, such as ortho-, meta-, para- or branched terphenyl or quaterphenyl groups are substituted. The preferred embodiments mentioned above can be combined with one another at will within the limitations defined in claim 1. In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the preferences mentioned above occur simultaneously.
Beispiele für bevorzugte Verbindungen gemäß den oben aufgeführten Ausführungsformen sind die in der folgenden Tabelle aufgeführten Verbindungen.
Examples of preferred compounds according to the embodiments listed above are the compounds listed in the table below.
Die erfindungsgemäßen Verbindungen können nach dem Fachmann bekannten Syntheseschritten, wie z. B. Bromierung, Suzuki-Kupplung, Ullmann-Kupplung, Heck-Reaktion, Hartwig-Buchwald-Kupplung, etc., dargestellt werden. The compounds according to the invention can be prepared by synthesis steps known to those skilled in the art, such as, for. B. bromination, Suzuki coupling, Ullmann coupling, Heck reaction, Hartwig-Buchwald coupling, etc., are shown.
Ein weiterer Gegenstand der vorliegenden Erfindung ist daher ein Verfahren zur Herstellung der erfindungsgemäßen Verbindungen, gekennzeichnet durch die folgenden Schritte:
(A) Synthese des Grundgerüsts nach Formel (1 ); A further subject of the present invention is therefore a process for the preparation of the compounds according to the invention, characterized by the following steps: (A) Synthesis of the basic structure according to formula (1);
(B) Einführen der Reste R‘ durch Kupplungsreaktionen. (B) Introduction of R' groups by coupling reactions.
Die erfindungsgemäßen Verbindungen können ausgehend von 9,10- Dihydro-4-iodo-9, 10[1 ',2']-benzenoanthracen-1 -yl-trifluormethansulfon- säureester [1370032-72-6] durch: Starting from 9,10-dihydro-4-iodo-9,10[1',2']-benzoanthracene-1-yl-trifluoromethanesulfonic acid ester [1370032-72-6], the compounds according to the invention can be prepared by:
1 ) Suzuki-Kupplung, unter Einführung eines Aryl-Triazins, gefolgt von einem Ruthenium-katalysierten Triflat-Bromid-Austausch nach Y. Imazaki et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2012, 134, 14760 und anschließender Cyanierung:
1 ) Suzuki coupling, introducing an aryl triazine, followed by a ruthenium-catalyzed triflate bromide exchange according to Y. Imazaki et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2012, 134, 14760 and subsequent cyanation:
Alternativ kann die Cyanierung auch ausgehend vom Triflat erfolgen. Alternatively, the cyanation can also take place starting from the triflate.
2) Suzuki-Kupplungen, mit einer Aryl-/Heteroaryl-Boronsäure bzw. -ester ((HO)2B-Ar), gefolgt von einem Ruthenium-katalysierten Triflat-Bromid- Austausch und erneuter Suzuki-Kupplung unter Einführung eines Aryl- Triazins:
2) Suzuki couplings, with an aryl/heteroaryl boronic acid or ester ((HO)2B-Ar), followed by a ruthenium-catalyzed triflate bromide exchange and Suzuki coupling again introducing an aryl triazine:
Ar-Trz: Aryl-Trianzin Ar-Trz: aryl triazine
Alternativ kann die zweite Suzuki-Kupplung auch ausgehend vomAlternatively, the second Suzuki clutch starting from
Triflat erfolgen. ) Suzuki-Kupplung, mit einer Aryl-/Heteroaryl-Boronsäure bzw. -ester ((H0)2B-Ar), gefolgt von einem Ruthenium-katalysierten Triflat-Bromid- Austausch, Transmetallierung des Bromids mit einem Alkyl-Lithium- Reagenz oder mit Magnesium unter Darstellung einer Grignard- Verbindung und abschließende Reaktion mit einem Triazinyl- Elektrophil, bevorzugt einem Chlortriazin:
take place triflate. ) Suzuki coupling, with an aryl/heteroaryl boronic acid or ester ((H0)2B-Ar), followed by a ruthenium-catalyzed triflate bromide exchange, transmetalation of the bromide with an alkyllithium reagent, or with Magnesium to form a Grignard compound and final reaction with a triazinyl electrophile, preferably a chlorotriazine:
Trz: Trianzin ) Suzuki-Kupplung, mit einer Aryl-/Heteroaryl-Boronsäure bzw. -ester ((HO)2B-Ar), gefolgt von einem Ruthenium-katalysierten Triflat-Bromid-
Austausch, Palladium-katalysierte Borylierung des Bromids und abschließende Suzuki-Kupplung mit einem Chlortriazin:
dargestellt werden. Trz: triazine ) Suzuki coupling, with an aryl/heteroaryl boronic acid or ester ((HO)2B-Ar), followed by a ruthenium-catalyzed triflate bromide Exchange, palladium-catalyzed borylation of the bromide, and final Suzuki coupling with a chlorotriazine: being represented.
Für die Verarbeitung der erfindungsgemäßen Verbindungen aus flüssiger Phase, beispielsweise durch Spin-Coating oder durch Druckverfahren, sind Formulierungen der erfindungsgemäßen Verbindungen erforderlich. Diese Formulierungen können beispielsweise Lösungen, Dispersionen oder Emulsionen sein. Es kann bevorzugt sein, hierfür Mischungen aus zwei oder mehr Lösemitteln zu verwenden. Geeignete und bevorzugte Lösemittel sind beispielsweise Toluol, Anisol, o-, m- oder p-Xylol, Methylbenzoat, Mesitylen, Tetralin, Veratrol, THF, Methyl-THF, THP, Chlorbenzol, Dioxan, Phenoxytoluol, insbesondere 3-Phenoxytoluol, (-)- Fenchon, 1 ,2,3,5-Tetramethylbenzol, 1 ,2,4,5-Tetramethylbenzol, 1 -Methylnaphthalin, 2-Methylbenzothiazol, 2-Phenoxyethanol, 2-Pyrrolidinon, 3- Methylanisol, 4-Methylanisol, 3,4-Dimethylanisol, 3,5-Dimethylanisol, Acetophenon, a-Terpineol, Benzothiazol, Butylbenzoat, Cumol, Cyclo- hexanol, Cyclohexanon, Cyclohexylbenzol, Decalin, Dodecylbenzol, Ethyl- benzoat, Indan, NMP, p-Cymol, Phenetol, 1 ,4-Diisopropylbenzol, Dibenzylether, Diethylenglycolbutylmethylether, T riethylenglycolbutylmethyl- ether, Diethylenglycoldibutylether, Triethylenglycoldimethylether, Di- ethylenglycolmonobutylether, Tripropyleneglycoldimethylether, Tetra- ethylenglycoldimethylether, 2-lsopropylnaphthalin, Pentylbenzol, Hexylbenzol, Heptylbenzol, Octylbenzol, 1 ,1 -Bis(3,4-dimethylphenyl)ethan, 2-
Methylbiphenyl, 3-Methylbiphenyl, 1 -Methylnaphthalin, 1 -Ethylnaphthalin, Ethyloctanoat, Sebacinsäure-diethylester, Octyloctanoat, Heptylbenzol, Menthyl-isovalerat, Cyclohexylhexanoat oder Mischungen dieser Lösemittel. Formulations of the compounds according to the invention are required for the processing of the compounds according to the invention from the liquid phase, for example by spin coating or by printing processes. These formulations can be, for example, solutions, dispersions or emulsions. It may be preferable to use mixtures of two or more solvents for this. Suitable and preferred solvents are, for example, toluene, anisole, o-, m- or p-xylene, methyl benzoate, mesitylene, tetralin, veratrol, THF, methyl-THF, THP, chlorobenzene, dioxane, phenoxytoluene, in particular 3-phenoxytoluene, (-) - fenchone, 1,2,3,5-tetramethylbenzene, 1,2,4,5-tetramethylbenzene, 1-methylnaphthalene, 2-methylbenzothiazole, 2-phenoxyethanol, 2-pyrrolidinone, 3-methylanisole, 4-methylanisole, 3,4 -dimethylanisole, 3,5-dimethylanisole, acetophenone, a-terpineol, benzothiazole, butyl benzoate, cumene, cyclohexanol, cyclohexanone, cyclohexylbenzene, decalin, dodecylbenzene, ethyl benzoate, indane, NMP, p-cymene, phenetole, 1,4 -Diisopropylbenzene, dibenzyl ether, diethylene glycol butyl methyl ether, triethylene glycol butyl methyl ether, diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, triethylene glycol dimethyl ether, diethylene glycol monobutyl ether, tripropylene glycol dimethyl ether, tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether, 2-isopropylnaphthalene, pentylbenzene, hexylbenzene, heptylbenzene, octylbenzene, 1,1-bis(3,4-dimethylphenyl) ethane, 2- Methylbiphenyl, 3-methylbiphenyl, 1-methylnaphthalene, 1-ethylnaphthalene, ethyl octanoate, diethyl sebacate, octyl octanoate, heptyl benzene, menthyl isovalerate, cyclohexyl hexanoate or mixtures of these solvents.
Ein weiterer Gegenstand der vorliegenden Erfindung ist daher eine Formulierung, insbesondere eine Lösung, Dispersion oder Emulsion, umfassend mindestens eine erfindungsgemäße Verbindung und mindestens eine weitere Verbindung. Die weitere Verbindung kann beispielsweise ein Lösemittel sein, insbesondere eines der oben genannten Lösemittel oder eine Mischung dieser Lösemittel. Die Herstellung solcher Lösungen ist dem Fachmann bekannt und ist beispielsweise beschrieben in WO 2002/072714, WO 2003/019694 und der darin zitierten Literatur. Die weitere Verbindung kann aber auch mindestens eine weitere organische oder anorganische Verbindung sein, die ebenfalls in der elektronischen Vorrichtung eingesetzt wird, beispielsweise eine emittierende Verbindung und/oder ein Matrixmaterial. Diese weitere Verbindung kann auch polymer sein. A further subject matter of the present invention is therefore a formulation, in particular a solution, dispersion or emulsion, comprising at least one compound according to the invention and at least one further compound. The further compound can be a solvent, for example, in particular one of the abovementioned solvents or a mixture of these solvents. The preparation of such solutions is known to the person skilled in the art and is described, for example, in WO 2002/072714, WO 2003/019694 and the literature cited therein. However, the further compound can also be at least one further organic or inorganic compound which is also used in the electronic device, for example an emitting compound and/or a matrix material. This further connection can also be polymeric.
Die erfindungsgemäßen Verbindungen eignen sich für die Verwendung in einer elektronischen Vorrichtung, insbesondere in einer organischen Elektrolumineszenzvorrichtung (OLED). Abhängig von der Substituierung können die Verbindungen in unterschiedlichen Funktionen und Schichten verwendet werden. The compounds according to the invention are suitable for use in an electronic device, in particular in an organic electroluminescent device (OLED). Depending on the substitution, the compounds can be used in different functions and layers.
Ein weiterer Gegenstand der vorliegenden Erfindung ist daher die Verwendung einer erfindungsgemäßen Verbindung in einer elektronischen Vorrichtung. A further subject matter of the present invention is therefore the use of a connection according to the invention in an electronic device.
Ein nochmals weiterer Gegenstand der vorliegenden Erfindung ist eine elektronische Vorrichtung enthaltend mindestens eine erfindungsgemäße Verbindung. Yet another subject matter of the present invention is an electronic device containing at least one connection according to the invention.
Die erfindungsgemäßen Verbindungen können insbesondere bei ihrer Verwendung als Racemat oder als reines Enantiomer vorliegen.
Eine elektronische Vorrichtung im Sinne der vorliegenden Erfindung ist eine Vorrichtung, welche mindestens eine Schicht enthält, die mindestens eine organische Verbindung enthält. Das Bauteil kann dabei auch anorganische Materialien enthalten oder auch Schichten, welche vollständig aus anorganischen Materialien aufgebaut sind. The compounds according to the invention can be present as a racemate or as a pure enantiomer, in particular when they are used. An electronic device within the meaning of the present invention is a device which contains at least one layer which contains at least one organic compound. In this case, the component can also contain inorganic materials or also layers which are made up entirely of inorganic materials.
Die elektronische Vorrichtung ist bevorzugt ausgewählt aus der Gruppe bestehend aus organischen Elektrolumineszenzvorrichtungen (OLEDs), organischen integrierten Schaltungen (O-ICs), organischen Feld-Effekt- Transistoren (O-FETs), organischen Dünnfilmtransistoren (O-TFTs), organischen lichtemittierenden Transistoren (O-LETs), organischen Solarzellen (O-SCs), farbstoffsensibilisierten organischen Solarzellen (DSSCs), organischen optischen Detektoren, organischen Photorezeptoren, organischen Feld-Quench-Devices (O-FQDs), lichtemittierenden elektrochemischen Zellen (LECs), organischen Laserdioden (O-Laser) und „organic plasmon emitting devices“, bevorzugt aber organischen Elektrolumineszenzvorrichtungen (OLEDs). The electronic device is preferably selected from the group consisting of organic electroluminescent devices (OLEDs), organic integrated circuits (O-ICs), organic field effect transistors (O-FETs), organic thin-film transistors (O-TFTs), organic light-emitting transistors ( O-LETs), organic solar cells (O-SCs), dye-sensitized organic solar cells (DSSCs), organic optical detectors, organic photoreceptors, organic field quench devices (O-FQDs), light-emitting electrochemical cells (LECs), organic laser diodes (O -laser) and organic plasmon emitting devices, but preferably organic electroluminescent devices (OLEDs).
Die Vorrichtung ist besonders bevorzugt eine organische Elektrolumineszenzvorrichtung umfassend Kathode, Anode und mindestens eine emittierende Schicht, wobei mindestens eine organische Schicht, welche eine emittierende Schicht, Lochtransportschicht, Elektronentransportschicht, Lochblockierschicht, Elektronenblockierschicht oder eine andere funktionelle Schicht sein kann, mindestens eine erfindungsgemäße Verbindung umfasst. Die Schicht ist abhängig von der Substitution der Verbindung. The device is particularly preferably an organic electroluminescent device comprising cathode, anode and at least one emitting layer, wherein at least one organic layer, which can be an emitting layer, hole transport layer, electron transport layer, hole blocking layer, electron blocking layer or another functional layer, comprises at least one compound according to the invention. The layer depends on the substitution of the compound.
Außer diesen Schichten kann die organische Elektrolumineszenzvorrichtung noch weitere Schichten enthalten, beispielsweise jeweils eine oder mehrere Lochinjektionsschichten, Lochtransportschichten, Lochblockierschichten, Elektronentransportschichten, Elektroneninjektionsschichten, Exzitonenblockierschichten, Elektronenblockierschichten, Ladungserzeugungsschichten (Charge- Generation Layers) und/oder organische oder anorganische p/n Übergänge. Ebenso können zwischen zwei emittierende Schichten Interlayer eingebracht sein, welche beispielsweise eine
exzitonenblockierende Funktion aufweisen. Es sei aber darauf hingewiesen, dass nicht notwendigerweise jede dieser Schichten vorhanden sein muss. In addition to these layers, the organic electroluminescent device can contain other layers, for example one or more hole injection layers, hole transport layers, hole blocking layers, electron transport layers, electron injection layers, exciton blocking layers, electron blocking layers, charge generation layers (charge generation layers) and/or organic or inorganic p/n transitions. Likewise, interlayers can be introduced between two emitting layers, which, for example, have an exciton-blocking function. However, it should be pointed out that each of these layers does not necessarily have to be present.
Dabei kann die organische Elektrolumineszenzvorrichtung eine emittierende Schicht enthalten, oder sie kann mehrere emittierende Schichten enthalten. Wenn mehrere Emissionsschichten vorhanden sind, weisen diese bevorzugt insgesamt mehrere Emissionsmaxima zwischen 380 nm und 750 nm auf, sodass insgesamt weiße Emission resultiert, d. h. in den emittierenden Schichten werden verschiedene emittierende Verbindungen verwendet, die fluoreszieren oder phosphoreszieren können. Insbesondere bevorzugt sind Systeme mit drei emittierenden Schichten, wobei die drei Schichten blaue, grüne und orange oder rote Emission zeigen (Der prinzipielle Aufbau ist beispielsweise in WO 2005/011013 beschrieben). Es kann sich bei der erfindungsgemäßen organischen Elektrolumineszenzvorrichtung auch um eine Tandem-OLED handeln, insbesondere für weiß emittierende OLEDs. In this case, the organic electroluminescence device can contain an emitting layer, or it can contain a plurality of emitting layers. If several emission layers are present, these preferably have a total of several emission maxima between 380 nm and 750 nm, resulting in white emission overall, i. H. in the emitting layers different emitting compounds are used which can fluoresce or phosphoresce. Systems with three emitting layers are particularly preferred, with the three layers exhibiting blue, green and orange or red emission (the basic structure is described, for example, in WO 2005/011013). The organic electroluminescence device according to the invention can also be a tandem OLED, in particular for white-emitting OLEDs.
Bevorzugt wird die Verbindung gemäß Formel (1 ) in einer organischen Elektrolumineszenzvorrichtung verwendet, welche eine oder mehrere phosphoreszierende Emitter umfasst. Die erfindungsgemäße Verbindung gemäß den oben aufgeführten Ausführungsformen kann dabei in unterschiedlichen Schichten eingesetzt werden, je nach genauer Struktur. The compound of the formula (1) is preferably used in an organic electroluminescent device which comprises one or more phosphorescent emitters. The connection according to the invention according to the embodiments listed above can be used in different layers, depending on the exact structure.
Dabei kann die organische Elektrolumineszenzvorrichtung eine emittierende Schicht enthalten, oder sie kann mehrere emittierende Schichten enthalten, wobei mindestens eine Schicht mindestens eine erfindungsgemäße Verbindung enthält. Weiterhin kann die erfindungsgemäße Verbindung auch in einer Elektronentransportschicht und/oder in einer Lochblockierschicht und/oder in einer Lochtransportschicht und/oder in einer Exzitonenblockierschicht eingesetzt werden. The organic electroluminescence device can contain an emitting layer or it can contain a plurality of emitting layers, with at least one layer containing at least one compound according to the invention. Furthermore, the compound according to the invention can also be used in an electron transport layer and/or in a hole blocking layer and/or in a hole transport layer and/or in an exciton blocking layer.
Der Ausdruck „phosphoreszierende Verbindung“ bezeichnet typischerweise Verbindungen, bei denen die Aussendung von Licht durch einen spin-verbotenen Übergang erfolgt, z. B. einen Übergang von einem
angeregten Triplett-Zustand oder einem Zustand mit einer höheren Spin- Quantenzahl, z. B. einem Quintett-Zustand. The term "phosphorescent compound" typically refers to compounds where the emission of light occurs through a spin-forbidden transition, e.g. B. a transition from a excited triplet state or a state with a higher spin quantum number, e.g. B. a quintet state.
Geeignete phosphoreszierende Verbindungen (= Triplett-Emitter) sind insbesondere Verbindungen, die bei geeigneter Anregung Licht, vorzugsweise im sichtbaren Bereich, emittieren und außerdem mindestens ein Atom der Ordnungszahl größer als 20, vorzugsweise größer als 38 und kleiner als 84, besonders bevorzugt größer als 56 und kleiner als 80 enthalten. Bevorzugt werden als phosphoreszierende Verbindungen alle lumineszierenden Komplexe mit Übergangsmetallen oder Lanthaniden angesehen, insbesondere wenn sie Kupfer, Molybdän, Wolfram, Rhenium, Ruthenium, Osmium, Rhodium, Indium, Palladium, Platin, Silber, Gold oder Europium enthalten, insbesondere Verbindungen, die Indium, Platin oder Kupfer enthalten. Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Erfindung werden alle lumineszierenden Indium-, Platin- oder Kupferkomplexe als phosphoreszierende emittierende Verbindungen betrachtet. Suitable phosphorescent compounds (= triplet emitters) are, in particular, compounds which, when suitably excited, emit light, preferably in the visible range, and also at least one atom with an atomic number greater than 20, preferably greater than 38 and less than 84, particularly preferably greater than 56 and less than 80 included. All luminescent complexes with transition metals or lanthanides are considered to be preferred as phosphorescent compounds, particularly if they contain copper, molybdenum, tungsten, rhenium, ruthenium, osmium, rhodium, indium, palladium, platinum, silver, gold or europium, particularly compounds containing indium, contain platinum or copper. In the context of the present invention, all luminescent indium, platinum or copper complexes are considered to be phosphorescent emitting compounds.
Beispiele der oben beschriebenen Emitter können den Anmeldungen WO 00/70655, WO 2001/41512, WO 2002/02714, WO 2002/15645, EP 1191613, EP 1191612, EP 1191614, WO 05/033244, WO 05/019373, US 2005/0258742, WO 2009/146770, WO 2010/015307, WO 2010/031485, WO 2010/054731 , WO 2010/054728, WO 2010/086089, WO 2010/099852, WO 2010/102709, WO 2011/032626, WO 2011/066898, WO 2011/157339, WO 2012/007086, WO 2014/008982, WO 2014/023377, WO 2014/094961 , WO 2014/094960, WO 2015/036074, WO 2015/104045, WO 2015/117718, WO 2016/015815, WO 2016/124304, WO 2017/032439, WO 2018/011186, WO 2018/041769, WO 2019/020538, WO 2018/178001 , WO 2019/115423 und WO 2019/158453 entnommen werden. Generell eignen sich alle phosphoreszierenden Komplexe, wie sie gemäß dem Stand der Technik für phosphoreszierende OLEDs verwendet werden und wie sie dem Fachmann auf dem Gebiet der organischen Elektrolumineszenz bekannt sind, und der Fachmann kann ohne erfinderisches Zutun weitere phosphoreszierende Komplexe verwenden. Für den Fachmann ist es auch ohne erfinderische Tätigkeit möglich, weitere phosphoreszierende Komplexe in Kombination mit den Verbindungen der Formel (1 ) in organischen
Elektrolumineszenzvorrichtungen zu verwenden. Weitere Beispiele sind in einer nachfolgenden Tabelle aufgeführt. Examples of the emitters described above can be found in applications WO 00/70655, WO 2001/41512, WO 2002/02714, WO 2002/15645, EP 1191613, EP 1191612, EP 1191614, WO 05/033244, WO 05/019373, US 2005/ 0258742 WO 2009/146770 WO 2010/015307 WO 2010/031485 WO 2010/054731 WO 2010/054728 WO 2010/086089 WO 2010/099852 WO 2010/102709 WO 2010/099852 066898, WO 2011/157339, WO 2012/007086, WO 2014/008982, WO 2014/023377, WO 2014/094961, WO 2014/094960, WO 2015/036074, WO 2015/104045, WO 2015/104045, WO 2015/12018/12015/ 015815, WO 2016/124304, WO 2017/032439, WO 2018/011186, WO 2018/041769, WO 2019/020538, WO 2018/178001, WO 2019/115423 and WO 2019/158453. In general, all phosphorescent complexes are suitable as are used according to the prior art for phosphorescent OLEDs and as are known to the person skilled in the field of organic electroluminescence, and the person skilled in the art can use further phosphorescent complexes without any inventive step. It is also possible for the person skilled in the art, without any inventive activity, to produce further phosphorescent complexes in combination with the compounds of the formula (1) in organic form to use electroluminescent devices. Further examples are listed in a table below.
Erfindungsgemäß ist es auch möglich, die Verbindung der Formel (1 ) in einer elektronischen Vorrichtung zu verwenden, die eine oder mehrere fluoreszierende emittierende Verbindungen enthält. According to the invention it is also possible to use the compound of formula (1) in an electronic device which contains one or more fluorescent emitting compounds.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung werden die Verbindungen der Formel (1 ) als löchertransportierendes Material verwendet. In diesem Fall sind die Verbindungen vorzugsweise in einer Lochtransportschicht, einer Elektronenblockierschicht oder einer Lochinjektionsschicht enthalten. Besonders bevorzugt ist die Verwendung in einer Elektronenblockierschicht. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the compounds of the formula (1) are used as hole-transporting material. In this case, the compounds are preferably contained in a hole transport layer, an electron blocking layer or a hole injection layer. Use in an electron blocking layer is particularly preferred.
Eine Lochtransportschicht im Sinne der vorliegenden Anmeldung ist eine Schicht mit lochtransportierender Funktion zwischen der Anode und der emittierenden Schicht. A hole-transporting layer within the meaning of the present application is a layer with a hole-transporting function between the anode and the emitting layer.
Unter Lochinjektionsschichten und Elektronenblockierschichten werden im Rahmen der vorliegenden Anmeldung bestimmte Ausführungsformen von Lochtransportschichten verstanden. Eine Lochinjektionsschicht ist im Falle einer Mehrzahl von Lochtransportschichten zwischen Anode und emittierender Schicht eine Lochtransportschicht, die direkt an die Anode angrenzt oder nur durch eine einzige Beschichtung der Anode von dieser getrennt ist. Eine Elektronenblockierschicht ist im Falle mehrerer Lochtransportschichten zwischen Anode und emittierender Schicht diejenige Lochtransportschicht, die anodenseitig direkt an die emittierende Schicht angrenzt. Vorzugsweise umfasst die erfindungsgemäße OLED zwischen Anode und emittierender Schicht zwei, drei oder vier löchertransportierende Schichten, von denen vorzugsweise mindestens eine, besonders bevorzugt genau eine oder zwei eine Verbindung der Formel (1 ) enthalten. In the context of the present application, hole-injection layers and electron-blocking layers are understood as meaning specific embodiments of hole-transport layers. In the case of a plurality of hole-transport layers between the anode and the emitting layer, a hole-injection layer is a hole-transport layer which is directly adjacent to the anode or is only separated from the anode by a single coating. In the case of a plurality of hole transport layers between the anode and the emitting layer, an electron blocking layer is that hole transport layer which is directly adjacent to the emitting layer on the anode side. The OLED according to the invention preferably comprises two, three or four hole-transporting layers between the anode and the emitting layer, of which preferably at least one, particularly preferably precisely one or two, contain a compound of the formula (1).
Wird die Verbindung der Formel (1 ) als Lochtransportmatenal in einer Lochtransportschicht, einer Lochinjektionsschicht oder einer
Elektronenblockierschicht verwendet, so kann die Verbindung als reines Material, d.h. in einem Anteil von 100 %, in der Lochtransportschicht eingesetzt werden, oder sie kann in Kombination mit einer oder mehreren weiteren Verbindungen verwendet werden. In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform enthält die organische Schicht, die die Verbindung der Formel (1 ) enthält, dann zusätzlich ein oder mehrere p-Dotiermittel. p- Dotiermittel, die gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung verwendet werden, sind vorzugsweise solche organischen Elektronenakzeptorverbindungen, die in der Lage sind, eine oder mehrere der anderen Verbindungen in der Mischung zu oxidieren. If the compound of formula (1) as Lochtransportmatenal in a hole-transport layer, a hole-injection layer or a Electron blocking layer used, the compound can be used as pure material, ie in a proportion of 100%, in the hole transport layer, or it can be used in combination with one or more other compounds. In a preferred embodiment, the organic layer which contains the compound of the formula (1) then additionally contains one or more p-type dopants. P-type dopants used in accordance with the present invention are preferably those organic electron acceptor compounds capable of oxidizing one or more of the other compounds in the mixture.
Besonders bevorzugte Ausführungsformen von p-Dotiermitteln sind die in WO 2011/073149, EP 1968131 , EP 2276085, EP 2213662, EP 1722602, EP 2045848, DE 102007031220, US 8044390, US 8057712, WO 2009/003455, WO 2010/094378, WO 2011/120709, US 2010/0096600, WO 2012/095143 und DE 102012209523 offenbarten Verbindungen. Particularly preferred embodiments of p-dopants are those in WO 2011/073149, EP 1968131, EP 2276085, EP 2213662, EP 1722602, EP 2045848, DE 102007031220, US 8044390, US 8057712, WO 2009/003417, WO 2009/003455 2011/120709, US 2010/0096600, WO 2012/095143 and DE 102012209523.
Besonders bevorzugte p-Dotiermittel sind Chinodimethanverbindungen, Azaindenofluorendione, Azaphenylene, Azatriphenylene, h, Metallhalogenide, vorzugsweise Übergangsmetallhalogenide, Metalloxide, vorzugsweise Metalloxide, die mindestens ein Übergangsmetall oder ein Metall der 3. Hauptgruppe enthalten, und Übergangsmetallkomplexe, vorzugsweise Komplexe von Cu, Co, Ni, Pd und Pt mit Liganden, die mindestens ein Sauerstoffatom als Bindungsstelle enthalten. Bevorzugt werden ferner Übergangsmetalloxide als Dotiermittel, vorzugsweise Oxide von Rhenium, Molybdän und Wolfram, besonders bevorzugt Re2O?, MoOs, WO3 und ReOs. Particularly preferred p-dopants are quinodimethane compounds, azaindenofluorenediones, azaphenylenes, azatriphenylenes, h, metal halides, preferably transition metal halides, metal oxides, preferably metal oxides containing at least one transition metal or a metal of main group 3, and transition metal complexes, preferably complexes of Cu, Co, Ni , Pd, and Pt with ligands containing at least one oxygen atom as a binding site. Transition metal oxides are also preferred as dopants, preferably oxides of rhenium, molybdenum and tungsten, particularly preferably Re2O?, MoOs, WO3 and ReOs.
Die p-Dotiermittel liegen vorzugsweise in einer im Wesentlichen homogenen Verteilung in den p-dotierten Schichten vor. Dies kann z. B. durch Coevaporation des p-Dotiermittels und der Lochtransportmaterialmatrix erreicht werden. The p-type dopants are preferably present in a substantially homogeneous distribution in the p-type layers. This can e.g. B. be achieved by co-evaporation of the p-dopant and the hole transport material matrix.
Bevorzugte p-Dotiermittel sind insbesondere die folgenden Verbindungen:
In einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung wird die Verbindung der Formel (1 ) als Lochtransportmatenal in Kombination mit einem Hexaazatriphenylenderivat, wie in US 2007/0092755 beschrieben, eingesetzt. Besonders bevorzugt wird hier das Hexaazatriphenylen- Derivat in einer separaten Schicht eingesetzt. Preferred p-dopants are in particular the following compounds: In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the compound of the formula (1) is used as a hole-transport material in combination with a hexaazatriphenylene derivative, as described in US 2007/0092755. The hexaazatriphenylene derivative is particularly preferably used here in a separate layer.
In einer weiteren Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung wird die Verbindung der Formel (1 ) in einer emittierenden Schicht als Matrixmaterial in Kombination mit einer oder mehreren emittierenden Verbindungen, vorzugsweise phosphoreszierenden Verbindungen, eingesetzt. In a further embodiment of the present invention, the compound of the formula (1) is used in an emitting layer as matrix material in combination with one or more emitting compounds, preferably phosphorescent compounds.
Der Anteil des Matrixmaterials in der emittierenden Schicht liegt in diesem Fall zwischen 50,0 und 99,9 Vol.-%, bevorzugt zwischen 80,0 und 99,5 Vol.-%, besonders bevorzugt zwischen 92,0 und 99,5 Vol-%. für fluoreszierende emittierende Schichten und zwischen 85,0 und 97,0 Vol.- % für phosphoreszierende emittierende Schichten. In this case, the proportion of the matrix material in the emitting layer is between 50.0 and 99.9% by volume, preferably between 80.0 and 99.5% by volume, particularly preferably between 92.0 and 99.5% by volume -%. for fluorescent emitting layers and between 85.0 and 97.0% by volume for phosphorescent emitting layers.
Entsprechend liegt der Anteil der emittierenden Verbindung zwischen 0,1 und 50,0 Vol.-%, bevorzugt zwischen 0,5 und 20,0 Vol.-%, besonders bevorzugt zwischen 0,5 und 8,0 Vol.-% für fluoreszierende emittierende Schichten und zwischen 3,0 und 15,0 Vol.-%. für phosphoreszierende emittierende Schichten. Correspondingly, the proportion of the emitting compound is between 0.1 and 50.0% by volume, preferably between 0.5 and 20.0% by volume, particularly preferably between 0.5 and 8.0% by volume for fluorescent ones emissive layers and between 3.0 and 15.0% by volume. for phosphorescent emitting layers.
Eine emittierende Schicht einer organischen Elektrolumineszenzvorrichtung kann auch Systeme umfassen, die eine Vielzahl von Matrixmaterialien (Mischmatrixsysteme) und/oder eine Vielzahl von emittierenden Verbindungen enthalten. Auch in diesem Fall sind in der Regel die emittierenden Verbindungen diejenigen, die den kleineren Anteil im System haben und die Matrixmaterialien diejenigen, die den größeren Anteil im System haben. In Einzelfällen kann jedoch der Anteil eines einzelnen Matrixmaterials im System geringer sein als der Anteil einer einzelnen emittierenden Verbindung. An emitting layer of an organic electroluminescent device can also comprise systems that contain a multiplicity of matrix materials (mixed matrix systems) and/or a multiplicity of emitting compounds. In this case, too, the emitting compounds are usually those that have the smaller proportion in the system and the matrix materials are those that have the larger proportion in the system. In individual cases, however, the proportion of a single matrix material in the system can be lower than the proportion of a single emitting compound.
Vorzugsweise werden die Verbindungen der Formel (1 ) als Bestandteil von Mischmatrixsystemen eingesetzt. Die Mischmatrixsysteme bestehen
vorzugsweise aus zwei oder drei verschiedenen Matrixmaterialien, besonders bevorzugt aus zwei verschiedenen Matrixmaterialien. Vorzugsweise ist in diesem Fall eines der beiden Materialien ein Material mit löchertransportierenden Eigenschaften und das andere Material ist ein Material mit elektronentransportierenden Eigenschaften. Die Verbindung der Formel (1 ) ist vorzugsweise das Matrixmaterial mit löchertransportierenden Eigenschaften. Die gewünschten elektronentransportierenden und löchertransportierenden Eigenschaften der gemischten Matrixkomponenten können jedoch auch überwiegend oder vollständig in einer einzigen gemischten Matrixkom ponente kombiniert sein, wobei die weitere(n) gemischte(n) Matrixkomponente(n) andere Funktionen erfüllt (erfüllen). Die beiden unterschiedlichen Matrixmaterialien können in einem Verhältnis von 1 :50 bis 1 :1 , bevorzugt 1 :20 bis 1 : 1 , noch bevorzugter 1 : 10 bis 1 : 1 und am meisten bevorzugt 1 :4 bis 1 :1 vorliegen. Bevorzugt werden Mischmatrixsysteme in phosphoreszierenden organischen Elektrolumineszenzvorrichtungen eingesetzt. Eine Quelle für detailliertere Informationen über Mischmatrixsysteme ist die Anmeldung WO 2010/108579. The compounds of the formula (1) are preferably used as a component of mixed matrix systems. The mixed matrix systems exist preferably from two or three different matrix materials, particularly preferably from two different matrix materials. In this case, one of the two materials is preferably a material with hole-transporting properties and the other material is a material with electron-transporting properties. The compound of formula (1) is preferably the matrix material with hole-transporting properties. However, the desired electron-transporting and hole-transporting properties of the mixed matrix components can also be predominantly or completely combined in a single mixed matrix component, with the further mixed matrix component(s) fulfilling other functions. The two different matrix materials can be present in a ratio of 1:50 to 1:1, preferably 1:20 to 1:1, more preferably 1:10 to 1:1 and most preferably 1:4 to 1:1. Mixed matrix systems are preferably used in phosphorescent organic electroluminescent devices. A source for more detailed information on mixed matrix systems is the application WO 2010/108579.
Die Mischmatrixsysteme können eine oder mehrere emittierende Verbindungen enthalten, vorzugsweise eine oder mehrere phosphoreszierende Verbindungen. Im Allgemeinen werden Mischmatrixsysteme bevorzugt in phosphoreszierenden organischen Elektrolumineszenzvorrichtungen eingesetzt. The mixed matrix systems can contain one or more emissive compounds, preferably one or more phosphorescent compounds. In general, mixed matrix systems are preferably used in phosphorescent organic electroluminescent devices.
Besonders geeignete Matrixmaterialien, die in Kombination mit den erfindungsgemäßen Verbindungen als Matrixbestandteile eines Mischmatrixsystems verwendet werden können, werden aus den unten genannten bevorzugten Matrixmaterialien für phosphoreszierende Verbindungen oder den bevorzugten Matrixmaterialien für fluoreszierende Verbindungen ausgewählt, je nachdem, welche Art von emittierender Verbindung in dem Mischmatrixsystem verwendet wird. Particularly suitable matrix materials which can be used in combination with the compounds according to the invention as matrix components of a mixed matrix system are selected from the preferred matrix materials for phosphorescent compounds mentioned below or the preferred matrix materials for fluorescent compounds, depending on which type of emitting compound is used in the mixed matrix system becomes.
Bevorzugte phosphoreszierende Verbindungen zur Verwendung in gemischten Matrixsystemen sind die gleichen, wie weiter oben als
allgemein bevorzugte phosphoreszierende Emittermaterialien beschrieben. Preferred phosphorescent compounds for use in mixed matrix systems are the same as described above generally preferred phosphorescent emitter materials described.
Bevorzugte Ausführungsformen der verschiedenen Funktionsmatenalien in der elektronischen Vorrichtung sind im Folgenden aufgeführt. Preferred embodiments of the various functional materials in the electronic device are listed below.
Beispiele für phosphoreszierende Verbindungen sind nachfolgend aufgeführt.
Examples of phosphorescent compounds are listed below.
Bevorzugte fluoreszierende emittierende Verbindungen sind ausgewählt aus der Klasse der Arylamine. Unter einem Arylamin oder einem aromatischen Amin wird im Rahmen der vorliegenden Erfindung eine Verbindung verstanden, die drei substituierte oder unsubstituierte aromatische oder heteroaromatische Ringsysteme enthält, die direkt an den Stickstoff gebunden sind. Vorzugsweise ist mindestens eines dieser aromatischen oder heteroaromatischen Ringsysteme ein kondensiertes Ringsystem, besonders bevorzugt mit mindestens 14 aromatischen Ringatomen. Bevorzugte Beispiele hierfür sind aromatische Anthracenamine, aromatische Anthracendiamine, aromatische Pyrenamine, aromatische Pyrenediamine, aromatische Chrysenamine oder aromatische Chrysendiamine. Unter einem aromatischen Anthracenamin versteht man eine Verbindung, bei der eine
Diarylaminogruppe direkt an eine Anthracengruppe, vorzugsweise in Position 9, gebunden ist. Unter einem aromatischen Anthracendiamin ist eine Verbindung zu verstehen, in der zwei Diarylaminogruppen direkt an eine Anthracengruppe gebunden sind, vorzugsweise in den Positionen 9, 10. Analog sind aromatische Pyrenamine, Pyrendiamine, Chrysenamine und Chrysendiamine definiert, bei denen die Diarylaminogruppen vorzugsweise in 1 -Position oder 1 ,6-Position an das Pyren gebunden sind. Weitere bevorzugte emittierende Verbindungen sind Indenofluorenamine oder Fluorendiamine, beispielsweise nach WO 2006/108497 oder WO 2006/122630, Benzoindenofluorenamine oder -fluorendiamine, beispielsweise nach WO 2008/006449, und Dibenzoindenofluorenamine oder -diamine, beispielsweise nach WO 2007/140847, sowie die in WO 2010/012328 offenbarten Indenofluorenderivate mit kondensierten Arylgruppen. Ebenso bevorzugt sind die in WO 2012/048780 und in WO 2013/185871 offenbarten Pyrenearylamine. Ebenfalls bevorzugt sind die in WO 2014/037077 offenbarten Benzoindenofluorenamine, die in WO 2014/106522 offenbarten Benzofluorenamine, die in WO 2014/111269 und in WO 2017/036574 offenbarten verlängerten Benzoindenofluorene, die in WO 2017/028940 und in WO 2017/028941 offenbarten Phenoxazine und die in WO 2016/150544 offenbarten an Furaneinheiten oder an Thiopheneinheiten gebundenen Fluorderivate. Weiterhin können Bor- Verbindung gemäß W02020208051 , W02015102118, WO2016152418 , WO201 8095397, WO2019004248 , WO2019132040, US20200161552, WO2021 089450 Verwendung finden. Preferred fluorescent emitting compounds are selected from the class of arylamines. In the context of the present invention, an arylamine or an aromatic amine is understood as meaning a compound which contains three substituted or unsubstituted aromatic or heteroaromatic ring systems which are bonded directly to the nitrogen. Preferably, at least one of these aromatic or heteroaromatic ring systems is a fused ring system, more preferably having at least 14 aromatic ring atoms. Preferred examples of these are aromatic anthracenamines, aromatic anthracenediamines, aromatic pyrenamines, aromatic pyrenediamines, aromatic chrysenamines or aromatic chrysenediamines. An aromatic anthracenamine is understood as meaning a compound in which a diarylamino group is attached directly to an anthracene group, preferably in the 9-position. An aromatic anthracenediamine is understood to mean a compound in which two diarylamino groups are bonded directly to an anthracene group, preferably in the 9, 10-positions or 1, 6-position are attached to the pyrene. Further preferred emitting compounds are indenofluorenamines or fluorenediamines, for example according to WO 2006/108497 or WO 2006/122630, benzoindenofluorenamines or -fluorenediamines, for example according to WO 2008/006449, and dibenzoindenofluorenamines or -diamines, for example according to WO 2007/140847, and those in WO 2010/012328 disclosed indenofluorene derivatives with fused aryl groups. The pyrenearylamines disclosed in WO 2012/048780 and in WO 2013/185871 are also preferred. Also preferred are the benzoindenofluoreneamines disclosed in WO 2014/037077, the benzofluoreneamines disclosed in WO 2014/106522, the extended benzoindenofluorenes disclosed in WO 2014/111269 and in WO 2017/036574, the extended benzoindenofluorenes disclosed in WO 2017/028940 and in WO 2017/028941 Phenoxazines and the fluorine derivatives bonded to furan units or to thiophene units disclosed in WO 2016/150544. Furthermore, boron compounds according to WO2020208051, WO2015102118, WO2016152418, WO2018095397, WO2019004248, WO2019132040, US20200161552, WO2021089450 can be used.
Nützliche Matrixmaterialien, vorzugsweise für fluoreszierende Verbindungen, umfassen Materialien verschiedener Substanzklassen. Bevorzugte Matrixmaterialien sind ausgewählt aus den Klassen der Oligoaryle (z.B. 2,2',7,7'-Tetraphenylspirobifluoren nach EP 676461 oder Dinaphthylanthracen), insbesondere der Oligoaryle mit anellierten aromatischen Gruppen, der Oligoarylenvinylene (z.B. DPVBi oder Spiro- DPVBi gemäß EP 676461 ), der polypodalen Metallkomplexe (z.B. gemäß WO 2004/081017), der lochleitenden Verbindungen (z.B. gemäß WO 2004/058911 ), der elektronenleitenden Verbindungen, insbesondere Ketone, Phosphinoxide, Sulfoxide etc. (zum Beispiel nach WO 2005/084081 und WO 2005/084082), die Atropisomere (zum Beispiel
nach WO 2006/048268), die Boronsäurederivate (zum Beispiel nach WO 2006/117052) oder die Benzanthracene (zum Beispiel nach WO 2008/145239). Besonders bevorzugte Matrixmaterialien sind ausgewählt aus den Klassen der Oligoarylene mit Naphthalin, Anthracen, Benzanthracen und/oder Pyren oder Atropisomeren dieser Verbindungen, den Oligoarylenvinylenen, den Ketonen, den Phosphinoxiden und den Sulfoxiden. Ganz besonders bevorzugte Matrixmaterialien sind ausgewählt aus den Klassen der Oligoarylene, die Anthracen, Benzanthracen, Benzophenanthren und/oder Pyren oder Atropisomere dieser Verbindungen umfassen. Unter einem Oligoarylen ist im Rahmen der vorliegenden Erfindung eine Verbindung zu verstehen, in der mindestens drei Aryl- oder Arylengruppen miteinander verbunden sind. Weiter bevorzugt sind die in WO 2006/097208, WO 2006/131192, WO 2007/065550, WO 2007/110129, WO 2007/065678, WO 2008/145239, WO 2009/100925, WO 2011/054442 und EP 1553154 offenbarten Anthracenderivate, die in EP 1749809, EP 1905754 und US 2012/0187826 offenbarten Pyrenverbindungen, die in WO 2015/158409 offenbarten Benzanthracenylanthracenverbindungen, die in WO 2017/025165 offenbarten Indenobenzofurane und die in WO 2017/036573 offenbarten Phenanthrylanthracene. Useful matrix materials, preferably for fluorescent compounds, include materials from different classes of substances. Preferred matrix materials are selected from the classes of oligoaryls (e.g. 2,2',7,7'-tetraphenylspirobifluorene according to EP 676461 or dinaphthylanthracene), in particular the oligoaryls with fused aromatic groups, the oligoarylenevinylenes (e.g. DPVBi or spiro-DPVBi according to EP 676461) , the polypodal metal complexes (e.g. according to WO 2004/081017), the hole-conducting compounds (e.g. according to WO 2004/058911), the electron-conducting compounds, in particular ketones, phosphine oxides, sulfoxides etc. (e.g. according to WO 2005/084081 and WO 2005/084082 ), the atropisomers (for example according to WO 2006/048268), the boronic acid derivatives (for example according to WO 2006/117052) or the benzanthracenes (for example according to WO 2008/145239). Particularly preferred matrix materials are selected from the classes of oligoarylenes with naphthalene, anthracene, benzanthracene and/or pyrene or atropisomers of these compounds, oligoarylenevinylenes, ketones, phosphine oxides and sulfoxides. Very particularly preferred matrix materials are selected from the classes of oligoarylenes, which include anthracene, benzanthracene, benzophenanthrene and/or pyrene or atropisomers of these compounds. In the context of the present invention, an oligoarylene is a compound in which at least three aryl or arylene groups are connected to one another. More preferred are the anracthene derivatives disclosed in WO 2006/097208, WO 2006/131192, WO 2007/065550, WO 2007/110129, WO 2007/065678, WO 2008/145239, WO 2009/100925, WO 2011/054442 and EP 1553154 the pyrene compounds disclosed in EP 1749809, EP 1905754 and US 2012/0187826, the benzanthracenylanthracene compounds disclosed in WO 2015/158409, the indenobenzofurans disclosed in WO 2017/025165 and the phenanthrylanthracenes disclosed in WO 2017/036573.
Bevorzugte Matrixmaterialien für phosphoreszierende Verbindungen sind, ebenso wie Verbindungen gemäß Formel (1 ), aromatische Ketone, aromatische Phosphinoxide oder aromatische Sulfoxide oder Sulfone, z. B. gemäß WO 2004/013080, WO 2004/093207, WO 2006/005627 oder WO 2010/006680, Triarylamine, Carbazolderivate, z. B. CBP (N,N-Bis- carbazolylbiphenyl) oder WO 2005/039246, US 2005/0069729, JP 2004/288381 , EP 1205527, WO 2008/086851 oder WO 2013/041176, Indolocarbazolderivate, z. B. gemäß WO 2007/063754 oder WO 2008/056746, Indenocarbazolderivate, z. B. gemäß WO 2010/136109, WO 2011/000455, WO 2013/041176 oder WO 2013/056776, Azacarbazol- derivate, z. B. gemäß EP 1617710, EP 1617711 , EP 1731584, JP 2005/347160, bipolare Matrixmaterialien, z. B. gemäß WO 2007/137725, Silane, z. B. gemäß WO 2005/111172, Azaborole oder Boronester, z. B. gemäß WO 2006/117052, Triazinderivate, z. B. gemäß WO 2007/063754, WO 2008/056746, WO 2010/015306, WO 2011/057706, WO 2011/060859
oder WO 2011/060877, Zinkkomplexe, z. B. gemäß EP 652273 oder WO 2009/062578, Diazasilol- bzw. Tetraazasilol-Derivate, z. B. gemäß WO 2010/054729, Diazaphosphol-Derivate, z. B. gemäß WO 2010/054730, verbrückte Carbazol-Derivate, z. B. gemäß WO 2011/042107, WO 2011/060867, WO 2011/088877 und WO 2012/143080, Triphenylenderivate, z. B. gemäß WO 2012/048781 , Lactame, z. B. gemäß WO 2011/116865 oder WO 2011/137951 , oder Dibenzofuranderivate, z. B. gemäß WO 2015/169412, WO 2016/015810, WO 2016/023608, WO 2017/148564 oder WO 2017/148565. Ebenso kann ein weiterer phosphoreszierender Emitter, welcher kürzerwellig als der eigentliche Emitter emittiert, als Co-Host in der Mischung vorhanden sein oder eine Verbindung, die nicht oder nicht in wesentlichem Umfang am Ladungstransport teilnimmt, wie beispielsweise in WO 2010/108579 beschrieben. Preferred matrix materials for phosphorescent compounds are, as are compounds of the formula (1), aromatic ketones, aromatic phosphine oxides or aromatic sulfoxides or sulfones, e.g. B. according to WO 2004/013080, WO 2004/093207, WO 2006/005627 or WO 2010/006680, triarylamines, carbazole derivatives, z. B. CBP (N, N-bis carbazolylbiphenyl) or WO 2005/039246, US 2005/0069729, JP 2004/288381, EP 1205527, WO 2008/086851 or WO 2013/041176, indolocarbazole derivatives, z. B. according to WO 2007/063754 or WO 2008/056746, indenocarbazole derivatives, z. B. according to WO 2010/136109, WO 2011/000455, WO 2013/041176 or WO 2013/056776, azacarbazole derivatives, z. B. according to EP 1617710, EP 1617711, EP 1731584, JP 2005/347160, bipolar matrix materials, z. B. according to WO 2007/137725, silanes, z. B. according to WO 2005/111172, azaboroles or boron esters, z. B. according to WO 2006/117052, triazine derivatives, z. according to WO 2007/063754, WO 2008/056746, WO 2010/015306, WO 2011/057706, WO 2011/060859 or WO 2011/060877, zinc complexes, e.g. B. according to EP 652273 or WO 2009/062578, diazasilol or tetraazasilol derivatives, z. B. according to WO 2010/054729, diazaphosphole derivatives, z. B. according to WO 2010/054730, bridged carbazole derivatives, z. B. according to WO 2011/042107, WO 2011/060867, WO 2011/088877 and WO 2012/143080, triphenylene derivatives, z. B. according to WO 2012/048781, lactams, z. B. according to WO 2011/116865 or WO 2011/137951, or dibenzofuran derivatives, z. according to WO 2015/169412, WO 2016/015810, WO 2016/023608, WO 2017/148564 or WO 2017/148565. Likewise, another phosphorescent emitter, which emits at a shorter wavelength than the actual emitter, can be present as a co-host in the mixture, or a compound that does not participate, or does not participate to a significant extent, in charge transport, as described, for example, in WO 2010/108579.
Geeignete Ladungstransportmatenalien, wie sie in der Lochinjektionsoder Lochtransportschicht oder in der Elektronensperrschicht oder in der Elektronentransportschicht des erfindungsgemäßen elektronischen Bauelements verwendet werden können, sind neben den Verbindungen der Formel (1 ) zum Beispiel die in Y. Shirota et al., Chem. Rev. 2007, 107(4), 953-1010, oder andere Materialien, wie sie in diesen Schichten gemäß dem Stand der Technik verwendet werden. Suitable charge transport materials, as they can be used in the hole injection or hole transport layer or in the electron blocking layer or in the electron transport layer of the electronic component according to the invention, in addition to the compounds of formula (1), for example those in Y. Shirota et al., Chem. Rev. 2007 , 107(4), 953-1010, or other materials used in these prior art layers.
Vorzugsweise umfasst die erfindungsgemäße OLED zwei oder mehr verschiedene löchertransportierende Schichten. Die Verbindung der Formel (1 ) kann dabei in einer oder mehreren oder in allen löchertransportierenden Schichten verwendet werden. In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform wird die Verbindung der Formel (1 ) in genau einer oder genau zwei löchertransportierenden Schichten eingesetzt, und in den weiteren vorhandenen löchertransportierenden Schichten werden andere Verbindungen, vorzugsweise aromatische Aminverbindungen, eingesetzt. Weitere Verbindungen, die neben den Verbindungen der Formel (1 ) vorzugsweise in löchertransportierenden Schichten der erfindungsgemäßen OLEDs eingesetzt werden, sind insbesondere Indenofluorenamin-Derivate (z.B. nach WO 06/122630 oder WO 06/100896), die in EP 1661888 offenbarten Aminderivate, Hexaazatriphenylen-Derivate (z.B. nach WO 01/049806), Aminderivate mit
anellierten Aromaten (zum Beispiel nach US 5,061 ,569), die in WO 95/09147 offenbarten Aminderivate, Monobenzoindenofluorenamine (zum Beispiel nach WO 08/006449), Dibenzoindenofluorenamine (zum Beispiel nach WO 07/140847), Spirobifluorenamine (zum Beispiel nach WO 2012/034627 oder WO 2013/120577), Fluorenamine (zum Beispiel nach WO 2014/015937, WO 2014/015938, WO 2014/015935 und WO 2015/082056), Spirodibenzopyranamine (zum Beispiel gemäß WO 2013/083216), Dihydroacridin-Derivate (zum Beispiel gemäß WO 2012/150001 ), Spirodibenzofurane und Spirodibenzothiophene (zum Beispiel nach WO 2015/022051 , WO 2016/102048 und WO 2016/131521 ), Phenanthrendiarylamine (zum Beispiel nach WO 2015/131976), Spirotribenzotropolone (zum Beispiel gemäß WO 2016/087017), Spirobifluorene mit meta-Phenyldiamingruppen (zum Beispiel gemäß WO 2016/078738), Spirobisacridine (zum Beispiel gemäß WO 2015/158411 ), Xanthendiarylamine (zum Beispiel gemäß WO 2014/072017), und 9,10-Dihydroanthracen-Spiroverbindungen mit Diarylaminogruppen gemäß WO 2015/086108. The OLED according to the invention preferably comprises two or more different hole-transporting layers. The compound of the formula (1) can be used in one or more or in all of the hole-transporting layers. In a preferred embodiment, the compound of the formula (1) is used in exactly one or exactly two hole-transporting layers, and other compounds, preferably aromatic amine compounds, are used in the other hole-transporting layers present. Further compounds which, in addition to the compounds of the formula (1), are preferably used in hole-transporting layers of the OLEDs according to the invention are, in particular, indenofluorenamine derivatives (for example according to WO 06/122630 or WO 06/100896), the amine derivatives disclosed in EP 1661888, hexaazatriphenylene Derivatives (e.g. according to WO 01/049806), amine derivatives with fused aromatics (for example according to US Pat. No. 5,061,569), the amine derivatives disclosed in WO 95/09147, monobenzoindenofluorenamines (for example according to WO 08/006449), dibenzoindenofluorenamines (for example according to WO 07/140847), spirobifluorenamines (for example according to WO 2012 /034627 or WO 2013/120577), fluorenamines (for example according to WO 2014/015937, WO 2014/015938, WO 2014/015935 and WO 2015/082056), spirodibenzopyranamines (for example according to WO 2013/083216), dihydroacridine derivatives ( for example according to WO 2012/150001), spirodibenzofurans and spirodibenzothiophenes (for example according to WO 2015/022051, WO 2016/102048 and WO 2016/131521), phenanthrene diarylamines (for example according to WO 2015/131976), spirotribenzotropolone (for example according to WO 2016 /087017), spirobifluorenes with meta-phenyldiamine groups (for example according to WO 2016/078738), spirobisacridine (for example according to WO 2015/158411), xanthendiarylamine (for example according to WO 2014/072017), and 9,10-dihydroanthracene spiro compounds Diarylamino groups according to WO 2015/086108.
Ganz besonders bevorzugt ist die Verwendung von durch Diarylaminogruppen in 4-Position substituierten Spirobifluorenen als löchertransportierende Verbindungen, insbesondere die Verwendung derjenigen Verbindungen, die in WO 2013/120577 beansprucht und offenbart sind, und die Verwendung von durch Diarylaminogruppen in 2- Position substituierten Spirobifluorenen als löchertransportierende Verbindungen, insbesondere die Verwendung derjenigen Verbindungen, die in WO 2012/034627 beansprucht und offenbart sind. The use of spirobifluorenes substituted by diarylamino groups in the 4-position as hole-transporting compounds is very particularly preferred, in particular the use of those compounds which are claimed and disclosed in WO 2013/120577 and the use of spirobifluorenes substituted by diarylamino groups in the 2-position as hole-transporting compounds Compounds, in particular the use of those compounds claimed and disclosed in WO 2012/034627.
Als Materialien für die Elektronentransportschicht können alle Materialien verwendet werden, die nach dem Stand der Technik als Elektronentransportmatenalien in der Elektronentransportschicht eingesetzt werden. Besonders geeignet sind Aluminiumkomplexe, z.B. Alq3, Zirkoniumkomplexe, z.B. Zrq4, Lithiumkomplexe, z.B. Liq, Benzimidazol-Derivate, Triazin-Derivate, Pyrimidin-Derivate, Pyridin- Derivate, Pyrazin-Derivate, Chinoxalin-Derivate, Chinolin-Derivate, Oxadiazol-Derivate, aromatische Ketone, Lactame, Borane, Diazaphosphol-Derivate und Phosphinoxid-Derivate. Weitere geeignete
Materialien sind Derivate der vorgenannten Verbindungen, wie sie in JP 2000/053957, WO 2003/060956, WO 2004/028217, WO 2004/080975 und WO 2010/072300 offenbart sind. All materials which are used as electron transport materials in the electron transport layer according to the prior art can be used as materials for the electron transport layer. Aluminum complexes, e.g. Alq3, zirconium complexes, e.g. Zrq4, lithium complexes, e.g. Liq, benzimidazole derivatives, triazine derivatives, pyrimidine derivatives, pyridine derivatives, pyrazine derivatives, quinoxaline derivatives, quinoline derivatives, oxadiazole derivatives are particularly suitable. aromatic ketones, lactams, boranes, diazaphosphole derivatives and phosphine oxide derivatives. More suitable Materials are derivatives of the aforementioned compounds as disclosed in JP 2000/053957, WO 2003/060956, WO 2004/028217, WO 2004/080975 and WO 2010/072300.
Bevorzugte Kathoden des elektronischen Bauelements sind Metalle mit geringer Austrittsarbeit, Metalllegierungen oder Mehrschichtstrukturen aus verschiedenen Metallen, z. B. Erdalkalimetallen, Alkalimetallen, Hauptgruppenmetallen oder Lanthanoiden (z. B. Ca, Ba, Mg, AI, In, Mg, Yb, Sm, etc.). Zusätzlich geeignet sind Legierungen aus einem Alkalioder Erdalkalimetall und Silber, z. B. eine Legierung aus Magnesium und Silber. Bei Mehrschichtstrukturen können neben den genannten Metallen auch weitere Metalle mit einer relativ hohen Austrittsarbeit verwendet werden, z. B. Ag oder AI, wobei in der Regel Kombinationen der Metalle wie z. B. Ca/Ag, Mg/Ag oder Ba/Ag eingesetzt werden. Es kann auch vorteilhaft sein, eine dünne Zwischenschicht aus einem Material mit einer hohen Dielektrizitätskonstante zwischen einer metallischen Kathode und dem organischen Halbleiter einzuführen. Beispiele für geeignete Materialien sind Alkali- oder Erdalkalimetallfluoride, aber auch die entsprechenden Oxide oder Carbonate (z. B. LiF, Li2O, BaF2, MgO, NaF, CsF, CS2CO3 usw.). Es ist auch möglich, Lithiumchinolinat (LiQ) zu diesem Zweck zu verwenden. Die Schichtdicke dieser Schicht liegt vorzugsweise zwischen 0,5 und 5 nm. Preferred cathodes of the electronic component are metals with a low work function, metal alloys or multilayer structures made of different metals, e.g. B. alkaline earth metals, alkali metals, main group metals or lanthanides (e.g. Ca, Ba, Mg, Al, In, Mg, Yb, Sm, etc.). Additionally suitable are alloys of an alkali or alkaline earth metal and silver, e.g. B. an alloy of magnesium and silver. In the case of multilayer structures, in addition to the metals mentioned, other metals with a relatively high work function can also be used, e.g. B. Ag or Al, usually combinations of metals such. B. Ca / Ag, Mg / Ag or Ba / Ag can be used. It can also be advantageous to introduce a thin intermediate layer of a material with a high dielectric constant between a metallic cathode and the organic semiconductor. Examples of suitable materials are alkali or alkaline earth metal fluorides, but also the corresponding oxides or carbonates (e.g. LiF, Li2O, BaF2, MgO, NaF, CsF, CS2CO3, etc.). It is also possible to use lithium quinolinate (LiQ) for this purpose. The layer thickness of this layer is preferably between 0.5 and 5 nm.
Bevorzugte Anoden sind Materialien mit einer hohen Austrittsarbeit. Vorzugsweise hat die Anode eine Austrittsarbeit von mehr als 4,5 eV gegen Vakuum. Dazu eignen sich erstens Metalle mit hohem Redoxpotential, z. B. Ag, Pt oder Au. Zum anderen können auch Metall/Metalloxid-Elektroden (z. B. AI/Ni/NiOx, Al/PtOx) bevorzugt werden. Für einige Anwendungen muss mindestens eine der Elektroden transparent oder teiltransparent sein, um die Bestrahlung des organischen Materials (organische Solarzelle) oder die Emission von Licht (OLED, O- Laser) zu ermöglichen. Bevorzugte Anodenmaterialien sind hier leitfähige Metallmischoxide. Besonders bevorzugt werden Indiumzinnoxid (ITO) oder Indiumzinkoxid (IZO). Weiter bevorzugt werden leitfähig dotierte organische Materialien, insbesondere leitfähig dotierte Polymere. Darüber hinaus kann die Anode auch aus zwei oder mehr Schichten bestehen,
zum Beispiel aus einer inneren Schicht aus ITO und einer äußeren Schicht aus einem Metalloxid, vorzugsweise Wolframoxid, Molybdänoxid oder Vanadiumoxid. Preferred anodes are high work function materials. Preferably, the anode has a work function greater than 4.5 eV versus vacuum. Firstly, metals with a high redox potential, e.g. B. Ag, Pt or Au. On the other hand, metal/metal oxide electrodes (e.g. Al/Ni/NiOx, Al/PtOx) can also be preferred. For some applications, at least one of the electrodes must be transparent or partially transparent in order to allow the irradiation of the organic material (organic solar cell) or the emission of light (OLED, O-laser). Preferred anode materials here are conductive mixed metal oxides. Indium tin oxide (ITO) or indium zinc oxide (IZO) are particularly preferred. Also preferred are conductively doped organic materials, in particular conductively doped polymers. In addition, the anode can also consist of two or more layers, for example an inner layer of ITO and an outer layer of a metal oxide, preferably tungsten oxide, molybdenum oxide or vanadium oxide.
Die Vorrichtung wird entsprechend (je nach Anwendung) strukturiert, kontaktiert und abschließend versiegelt, um schädliche Einflüsse durch Wasser und Luft auszuschließen. The device is structured, contacted and finally sealed accordingly (depending on the application) in order to exclude harmful influences from water and air.
In den weiteren Schichten der erfindungsgemäßen organischen Elektrolumineszenzvorrichtung können alle Materialien verwendet werden, wie sie üblicherweise gemäß dem Stand der Technik eingesetzt werden. Der Fachmann kann daher ohne erfinderisches Zutun alle für organische Elektrolumineszenzvorrichtungen bekannten Materialien in Kombination mit den erfindungsgemäßen Verbindungen gemäß Formel (1 ) bzw. den oben ausgeführten bevorzugten Ausführungsformen einsetzen. In the further layers of the organic electroluminescent device according to the invention it is possible to use all materials that are customarily used in accordance with the prior art. The person skilled in the art can therefore use all materials known for organic electroluminescent devices in combination with the compounds according to the invention of the formula (1) or the preferred embodiments set out above without any inventive step.
Weiterhin bevorzugt ist eine organische Elektrolumineszenzvorrichtung, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine oder mehrere Schichten mit einem Sublimationsverfahren beschichtet werden. Dabei werden die Materialien in Vakuum-Sublimationsanlagen bei einem Anfangsdruck kleiner 10’5 mbar, bevorzugt kleiner 10’6 mbar aufgedampft. Es ist aber auch möglich, dass der Anfangsdruck noch geringer ist, beispielsweise kleiner 10-7 mbar. Also preferred is an organic electroluminescence device, characterized in that one or more layers are coated using a sublimation process. The materials are vapour-deposited in vacuum sublimation systems at an initial pressure of less than 10' 5 mbar, preferably less than 10' 6 mbar. However, it is also possible for the initial pressure to be even lower, for example less than 10-7 mbar.
Bevorzugt ist ebenfalls eine organische Elektrolumineszenzvorrichtung, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine oder mehrere Schichten mit dem OVPD (Organic Vapour Phase Deposition) Verfahren oder mit Hilfe einer Trägergassublimation beschichtet werden. Dabei werden die Materialien bei einem Druck zwischen 10’5 mbar und 1 bar aufgebracht. Ein Spezialfall dieses Verfahrens ist das OVJP (Organic Vapour Jet Printing) Verfahren, bei dem die Materialien direkt durch eine Düse aufgebracht und so strukturiert werden. An organic electroluminescent device is also preferred, characterized in that one or more layers are coated using the OVPD (organic vapor phase deposition) method or with the aid of carrier gas sublimation. The materials are applied at a pressure of between 10'5 mbar and 1 bar. A special case of this process is the OVJP (Organic Vapor Jet Printing) process, in which the materials are applied directly through a nozzle and thus structured.
Weiterhin bevorzugt ist eine organische Elektrolumineszenzvorrichtung, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine oder mehrere Schichten aus Lösung, wie z. B. durch Spincoating, oder mit einem beliebigen Druckverfahren,
wie z. B. Siebdruck, Flexodruck, Offsetdruck, LITI (Light Induced Thermal Imaging, Thermotransferdruck), Ink-Jet Druck (Tintenstrahldruck) oder Nozzle Printing, hergestellt werden. Hierfür sind lösliche Verbindungen nötig, welche beispielsweise durch geeignete Substitution erhalten werden. Also preferred is an organic electroluminescent device, characterized in that one or more layers of solution, such as. B. by spin coating, or with any printing process, such as B. screen printing, flexographic printing, offset printing, LITI (Light Induced Thermal Imaging, thermal transfer printing), ink-jet printing (ink jet printing) or nozzle printing. This requires soluble compounds, which are obtained, for example, by suitable substitution.
Weiterhin sind Hybridverfahren möglich, bei denen beispielsweise eine oder mehrere Schichten aus Lösung aufgebracht werden und eine oder mehrere weitere Schichten aufgedampft werden. Hybrid processes are also possible, in which, for example, one or more layers are applied from solution and one or more further layers are vapor-deposited.
Diese Verfahren sind dem Fachmann generell bekannt und können von ihm ohne erfinderisches Zutun auf organische Elektrolumineszenzvorrichtungen enthaltend die erfindungsgemäßen Verbindungen angewandt werden. These methods are generally known to the person skilled in the art and can be applied to organic electroluminescent devices containing the compounds according to the invention without any inventive step.
Erfindungsgemäß können die elektronischen Vorrichtungen, die eine oder mehrere Verbindungen der Formel (1 ) enthalten, in Displays, als Lichtquellen in Beleuchtungsanwendungen und als Lichtquellen in medizinischen und/oder kosmetischen Anwendungen (z.B. Lichttherapie) eingesetzt werden. According to the invention, the electronic devices containing one or more compounds of the formula (1) can be used in displays, as light sources in lighting applications and as light sources in medical and/or cosmetic applications (e.g. light therapy).
Die erfindungsgemäßen Verbindungen und die erfindungsgemäßen organischen Elektrolumineszenzvorrichtungen zeichnen sich durch einen oder mehrere der folgenden Eigenschaften aus: The compounds according to the invention and the organic electroluminescent devices according to the invention are distinguished by one or more of the following properties:
1 . Die erfindungsgemäßen Verbindungen führen zu langen Lebensdauern. 1 . The compounds according to the invention lead to long lifetimes.
2. Die erfindungsgemäßen Verbindungen führen zu hohen Effizienzen, insbesondere zu einer hohen EQE. 2. The compounds according to the invention lead to high efficiencies, in particular to a high EQE.
3. Die erfindungsgemäßen Verbindungen führen zu geringen Betriebsspannungen. 3. The connections according to the invention result in low operating voltages.
Die Erfindung wird durch die nachfolgenden Beispiele näher erläutert, ohne sie dadurch einschränken zu wollen. Der Fachmann kann aus den
Schilderungen die Erfindung im gesamten offenbarten Bereich ausführen und ohne erfinderisches Zutun weitere erfindungsgemäße Verbindungen herstellen und diese in elektronischen Vorrichtungen verwenden bzw. das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren anwenden. The invention is explained in more detail by the examples below, without intending to limit it thereby. The expert can from the Descriptions carry out the invention in the entire disclosed area and produce further compounds according to the invention without any inventive step and use them in electronic devices or apply the method according to the invention.
Beispiele: Examples:
Die nachfolgenden Synthesen werden, sofern nicht anders angegeben, unter einer Schutzgasatmosphäre in getrockneten Lösungsmitteln durch-'geführt. Die Metallkomplexe werden zusätzlich unter Ausschluss von Licht bzw. unter Gelblicht gehandhabt. Die Lösungs-rnittel und Reagenzien können z. B. von Sigma-ALDRICH bzw. ABCR bezogen werden. Die jeweiligen Angaben in eckigen Klammem bzw. die zu einzelnen Verbindungen angegebenen Nummern beziehen sich auf die CAS-Nummern der literaturbekannten Verbindungen. Bei Verbinden die mehrere enantiomere, diastereomere oder tautomere Formen aufweisen können wird eine Form stellvertretend gezeigt.
Unless otherwise stated, the following syntheses are carried out under a protective gas atmosphere in dried solvents. The metal complexes are also handled with the exclusion of light or under yellow light. The solvents and reagents can e.g. B. from Sigma-ALDRICH or ABCR. The respective information in square brackets or the numbers given for individual compounds relate to the CAS numbers of the compounds known from the literature. For compounds that may have multiple enantiomeric, diastereomeric, or tautomeric forms, one form is shown as representative.
Ein gut gerührtes Gemisch aus 52.8 g (100 mmol) LS2, 12.8 g (105 mmol) Phenylboronsäure [98-80-6], 48.9 g (150 mmol) Casiumcarbonat, wasserfrei, 1.43 g (2 mmol) Bis(triphenyphosphino)palladiumdichlorid, 100 g Glaskugeln (3 mm Durchmesser) und 400 ml THF wird 24 h bei 60 °C gerührt. Nach vollständigem Umsatz saugt man noch heiß über ein mit THF vorgeschlämmtes Celite-Bett ab, engt das Filtrat zur Trockene ein, nimmt den Rückstand in 500 ml Dichlormethan (DCM) auf, wäscht zweimal mit je 200 ml Wasser, einmal mit 100 ml ges. Kochsalzlösung und trocknet über Natriumsulfat. Man filtriert vom Trockenmittel über ein mit DCM vorgeschlämmtes Kieselgel-Bett ab, engt das Filtrat langsam ein, ersetzt das DCM sukzessive mit ca. 200 ml Methanol, saugt das auskristallisierte Produkt ab, wäscht mit wenig Methanol nach und trocknet im Vakuum. Ausbeute: 44.5 g (93 mmol) 93 %; Reinheit: ca. 97 % ig n. 1H-NMR. A well-stirred mixture of 52.8 g (100 mmol) LS2, 12.8 g (105 mmol) phenylboronic acid [98-80-6], 48.9 g (150 mmol) cesium carbonate anhydrous, 1.43 g (2 mmol) bis(triphenyphosphino)palladium dichloride, 100 g of glass beads (3 mm in diameter) and 400 ml of THF are stirred at 60° C. for 24 h. After the conversion is complete, it is sucked off while still hot over a Celite bed preslurried with THF, the filtrate is concentrated to dryness, the residue is taken up in 500 ml of dichloromethane (DCM), washed twice with 200 ml of water each time, once with 100 ml of sat. saline solution and dried over sodium sulfate. Desiccant is filtered off over a silica gel bed pre-slurried with DCM, the filtrate is slowly concentrated, the DCM is successively replaced with about 200 ml of methanol, the product which has crystallized out is filtered off with suction, washed with a little methanol and dried in vacuo. Yield: 44.5 g (93 mmol) 93%; Purity: approx. 97% according to 1 H-NMR.
Analog können folgende Verbindungen dargestellt werden:
The following connections can be represented analogously:
Durchführung analog zu Y. Imazaki et al, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2012, 134, 14760. Ein gut gerührtes Gemisch aus 47.9 g (100 mmol) S1 , 130.4 g (150 mmol) Lithiumbromid, 2.54 g (5 mmol) Cp*Ru(MeCN)3OTf [113860-02- 9], 100 g Glaskugeln (3 mm Durchmesser) und 400 ml NMP wird 40 h bei 100 °C gerührt. Nach vollständigem Umsatz dekantiert man von den Glaskugeln ab, entfernt das NMP im Vakuum, nimmt den Rückstand in 500 ml Ethylacetat (EE) auf, wäscht zweimal mit je 300 ml Wasser, einmal mit 200 ml ges. Kochsalzlösung und trocknet über Magnesiumsulfat. Man filtriert vom Trockenmittel über ein mit EE vorgeschlämmtes Kieselgel-Bett ab, engt das Filtrat zur Trockene ein, rührt den Rückstand mit 200 ml Methanol heiß aus, saugt das Produkt ab, wäscht mit wenig Methanol nach und trocknet im Vakuum. Ausbeute: 36.9 g (90 mmol) 90 %; Reinheit: ca. 97 % ig n. 1H-NMR. Implementation analogous to Y. Imazaki et al, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2012, 134, 14760. A well-stirred mixture of 47.9 g (100 mmol) S1, 130.4 g (150 mmol) lithium bromide, 2.54 g (5 mmol) Cp*Ru(MeCN) 3 OTf [113860-02 - 9], 100 g of glass beads (3 mm in diameter) and 400 ml of NMP are stirred at 100° C. for 40 h. After complete conversion, the glass beads are decanted off, the NMP is removed in vacuo, the residue is taken up in 500 ml of ethyl acetate (EA), washed twice with 300 ml of water each time, once with 200 ml of sat. saline and dried over magnesium sulfate. The desiccant is filtered off over a silica gel bed preslurried with EE, the filtrate is concentrated to dryness, the residue is stirred with 200 ml of hot methanol, the product is filtered off with suction, washed with a little methanol and dried in vacuo. Yield: 36.9 g (90 mmol) 90%; Purity: approx. 97% according to 1 H-NMR.
Analog können folgende Verbindungen dargestellt werden:
The following connections can be represented analogously:
A) Synthese der erfindungsgemäßen Verbindungen
A) Synthesis of the compounds according to the invention
Ein gut gerührtes Gemisch aus 64.1 g (100 mmol) S302, 26.9 g (300 mmol) Kupfer(l)cyanid, 100 g Glaskugeln (3 mm Durchmesser) und 400 ml NMP wird 24 h bei 170 °C gerührt. Man filtriert noch heiß über ein mit NMP vorgeschlämmtes Kieselgelbett ab und rührt das Filtrat in 1000 ml 10 Gew.- % ige wässrige Ammoniaklösung ein. Man saugt vom ausgefallenen Rohprodukt ab, wäscht dieses dreimal mit je 100 ml 10 Gew.-% iger wässriger Ammoniaklösung, zweimal mit je 100 ml Wasser, zweimal mit je 50 ml Methanol und trocknet im Vakuum. Die weitere Reinigung erfolgt durch wiederholte Heißextraktions-kristallisation (übliche org. Lösungsmittel bzw. deren Kombinationen, bevorzugt Acetonitril-DCM, 1 :3 bis 3:1 vv) oder Chromatographie und fraktioniere Sublimation bzw. Tempern im Hochvakuum. Ausbeute: 37.1 g (63 mmol) 63 %; Reinheit: ca. 99.9 % ig n. HPLC. A well-stirred mixture of 64.1 g (100 mmol) S302, 26.9 g (300 mmol) copper(I) cyanide, 100 g glass beads (3 mm diameter) and 400 ml NMP is stirred at 170° C. for 24 h. It is filtered while still hot over a silica gel bed pre-slurried with NMP and the filtrate is stirred into 1000 ml of 10% strength by weight aqueous ammonia solution. The precipitated crude product is filtered off with suction, washed three times with 100 ml of 10% strength by weight aqueous ammonia solution, twice with 100 ml of water and twice with 50 ml of methanol and dried in vacuo. Further purification is carried out by repeated hot extraction crystallization (customary organic solvents or combinations thereof, preferably acetonitrile-DCM, 1:3 to 3:1 vv) or chromatography and fractional sublimation or tempering in a high vacuum. Yield: 37.1 g (63 mmol) 63%; Purity: approx. 99.9% according to HPLC.
Analog können folgende Verbindungen dargestellt werden:
The following connections can be represented analogously:
Ein gut gerührtes Gemisch aus 47.9 g (100 mmol) S1 , 47.9 g (110 mmol) 4,6-Diphenyl-2-[4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1 ,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenyl]- 1 ,3,5-triazin [1313018-07-3], 46.1 g (200 mmol) Trikaliumphosphat- Monohydrat, 1.16 (1 mmol) Tetrakis-triphenylphosphino-palladium(O), 500 ml DMSO und 100 g Glaskugeln (3 mm Durchmesser) wird 16 h bei 80 °C gerührt. Nach vollständigem Umsatz lässt man Erkalten, dekantiert
von den Glaskugeln ab, entfernt das DMSO weitgehend im Vakuum, versetzt den Rückstand mit 300 ml Methanol und 200 ml Wasser, saugt vom Rohprodukt ab, wäscht dieses zweimal mit je 200 ml Methanol und trocknet im Vakuum. Man nimmt das Rohprodukt in 300 ml DCM auf, filtriert über ein mit DCM vorgeschlämmtes Kieselgel-Bett ab, engt das Filtrat zur Trockene ein, rührt den Rückstand mit 200 ml Methanol heiß aus, filtriert das Rohprodukt ab, wäscht dieses zweimal mit je 50 ml Methanol und trocknet im Vakuum. Die weitere Reinigung erfolgt durch wiederholte Heißextraktions-kristallisation (übliche org. Lösungsmittel bzw. deren Kombinationen, bevorzugt Acetonitril-DCM, 1 :3 bis 3:1 vv) oder Chromatographie und fraktionierte Sublimation bzw. Tempern im Hochvakuum. Ausbeute: 46.2 g (72 mmol) 72 %; Reinheit: ca. 99.9 % ig n. HPLC. A well-stirred mixture of 47.9 g (100 mmol) S1, 47.9 g (110 mmol) 4,6-diphenyl-2-[4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane-2 -yl)phenyl]- 1,3,5-triazine [1313018-07-3], 46.1 g (200 mmol) tripotassium phosphate monohydrate, 1.16 (1 mmol) tetrakis-triphenylphosphinopalladium(O), 500 ml DMSO and 100 g glass beads (3 mm diameter) is stirred at 80° C. for 16 h. After complete conversion, the mixture is allowed to cool and is decanted from the glass beads, most of the DMSO is removed in vacuo, the residue is treated with 300 ml of methanol and 200 ml of water, the crude product is filtered off with suction, washed twice with 200 ml of methanol each time and dried in vacuo. The crude product is taken up in 300 ml DCM, filtered through a bed of silica gel pre-slurried with DCM, the filtrate is evaporated to dryness, the residue is stirred hot with 200 ml methanol, the crude product is filtered off and washed twice with 50 ml each time methanol and dried in vacuo. Further purification is carried out by repeated hot extraction crystallization (customary organic solvents or combinations thereof, preferably acetonitrile-DCM, 1:3 to 3:1 vv) or chromatography and fractionated sublimation or tempering in a high vacuum. Yield: 46.2 g (72 mmol) 72%; Purity: approx. 99.9% according to HPLC.
Alternativ können die Bromide S200-S306 eingesetzt werden
Alternatively, the bromides S200-S306 can be used
Variante A: via Grignard-Verbindung
Aus einem Gemisch aus 40.9 g (100 mmol) S200, 7.9 ml (100 mmol)Variant A: via Grignard connection From a mixture of 40.9 g (100 mmol) S200, 7.9 mL (100 mmol)
1 ,2-Dichlorethan und 500 ml THF wird mit 4.9 g (200 mmol) Magnesium ein Grignard-Reagenz hergestellt. Nachdem das Magnesium vollständig verbraucht ist, lässt man auf Raumtemperatur abkühlen und tropft unter Eiskühlung eine Lösung von 28.1 g (105 mmol) 2-Chloro-4,6-diphenyl- 1 ,3,5-triazin [3842-55-5] in 300 ml THF zu. Nach beendeter Zugabe rührt man noch 2 h unter schwachem Rückfluss nach, lässt erkalten, gibt unter gutem Rühren 2000 ml Wasser zu, saugt vom ausgefallenen Produkt ab, wäscht dieses zweimal mit je 200 ml Wasser, zweimal mit 100 ml Methanol und trocknet im Vakuum. A Grignard reagent is prepared with 4.9 g (200 mmol) of magnesium from 1,2-dichloroethane and 500 ml of THF. After the magnesium has been completely consumed, it is allowed to cool to room temperature and a solution of 28.1 g (105 mmol) of 2-chloro-4,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-triazine [3842-55-5] is added dropwise with ice cooling 300 ml THF to. After the addition is complete, the mixture is stirred under gentle reflux for a further 2 h, allowed to cool, 2000 ml of water are added with vigorous stirring, the product which has precipitated is filtered off with suction, washed twice with 200 ml of water each time, twice with 100 ml of methanol and dried in vacuo.
Variante B: via Organo-Iithium-Verbindung Variant B: via organo-lithium compound
Eine auf -78 °C gekühlte Lösung von 40.9 g (100 mmol) S200 in 600 ml THF wird während 30 min. tropfenweise mit 65.6 ml (105 mmol) n-BuLi (1 .6 molar in n-Hexan) versetzt und 2 h nachgerührt. Man tropft eine Lösung von 28.1 g (105 mmol) 2-Chloro-4,6-diphenyl-1 ,3,5-triazin [3842-55- 5] in 300 ml THF zu, rührt 30 min. nach und lässt die Reaktionsmischung dann langsam auf Raumtemperatur erwärmen. Man gibt unter gutem Rühren 2000 ml Wasser zu, saugt vom ausgefallenen Produkt ab, wäscht dieses zweimal mit je 200 ml Wasser, zweimal mit 100 ml Methanol und trocknet im Vakuum. A solution of 40.9 g (100 mmol) S200 in 600 ml THF, cooled to -78° C., is treated dropwise over 30 min with 65.6 ml (105 mmol) n-BuLi (1.6 molar in n-hexane) and 2 h stirred. A solution of 28.1 g (105 mmol) of 2-chloro-4,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-triazine [3842-55-5] in 300 ml of THF is added dropwise, stirring is continued for 30 min and the reaction mixture is left to dry then slowly warm to room temperature. 2000 ml of water are added with vigorous stirring, the product which has precipitated is filtered off with suction, washed twice with 200 ml of water each time, twice with 100 ml of methanol and dried in vacuo.
Variante C: via Borylierung und Suzuki-Kupplung Variant C: via borylation and Suzuki coupling
Ein Gemisch aus 40.9 g (100 mmol) S200, 27.9 g (110 mmol) Bis(pinakolato)-diboran [73183-34-3], 19,6 g (200 mmol) Kaliumacetat, 860 mg (2 mmol) S-Phos, 225 mg (1 mmol) Palladium(ll)-acetat und 300 g Glaskugeln (3 mm Durchmesser) und 500 ml Dioxan wird 16 h bei 100 °C gerührt. Man filtriert noch warm von den Salzen über ein mit Dioxan vorgeschlämmtes Celite-Bett ab, engt das Filtrat zur Trockene ein, rührt den Boronester zweimal mit je 200 ml Methanol heiß aus, filtriert ab und trocknet im Vakuum. A mixture of 40.9 g (100 mmol) S200, 27.9 g (110 mmol) bis(pinacolato)diborane [73183-34-3], 19.6 g (200 mmol) potassium acetate, 860 mg (2 mmol) S-Phos , 225 mg (1 mmol) of palladium(II) acetate and 300 g of glass beads (3 mm in diameter) and 500 ml of dioxane are stirred at 100° C. for 16 h. The salts are filtered off while still warm through a bed of Celite pre-slurried with dioxane, the filtrate is concentrated to dryness, the boron ester is stirred out twice with 200 ml of hot methanol each time, filtered off and dried in vacuo.
Ein Gemisch des so erhaltenen Boronesters, 26.8 g (100 mmol) 2-Chloro- 4, 6-diphenyl-1 ,3,5-triazin [3842-55-5], 42.5 g (200 mmol) Trikaliumphosphat, 860 mg (2 mmol) S-Phos, 225 mg (1 mmol) Palladium(ll)-acetat, 400 ml Toluol, 100 ml Dioxan und 300 ml Wasser wird
16 h unter Rückfluss erhitzt. Nach Erkalten trennt man die org. Phase ab, wäscht zweimal mit je 200 ml Wasser einmal mit 200 ml ges. Kochsalzlösung und trocknet über Magnesiumsulfat. Man filtriert vom Trockenmittel über ein mit Toluol vorgeschlämmtes Kieselgelbett ab, engt das Filtrat zur Trockene ein, rührt den Rückstand mit 200 ml Methanol heiß aus, filtriert ab und trocknet im Vakuum. A mixture of the boron ester thus obtained, 26.8 g (100 mmol) 2-chloro-4,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-triazine [3842-55-5], 42.5 g (200 mmol) tripotassium phosphate, 860 mg (2 mmol) S-Phos, 225 mg (1 mmol) palladium (II) acetate, 400 ml toluene, 100 ml dioxane and 300 ml water heated under reflux for 16 h. After cooling, separate the org. Phase off, washed twice with 200 ml of water once with 200 ml sat. saline and dried over magnesium sulfate. The desiccant is filtered off over a silica gel bed pre-slurried with toluene, the filtrate is concentrated to dryness, the residue is stirred with 200 ml of hot methanol, filtered off and dried in vacuo.
Die weitere Reinigung erfolgt jeweils durch wiederholte Heißextraktionskristallisation (übliche org. Lösungsmittel bzw. deren Kombinationen, bevorzugt Acetonitril-DCM, 1 :3 bis 3:1 vv) oder Chromatographie und fraktioniere Sublimation bzw. Tempern im Hochvakuum. Further purification is carried out in each case by repeated hot extraction crystallization (customary organic solvents or combinations thereof, preferably acetonitrile-DCM, 1:3 to 3:1 vv) or chromatography and fractional sublimation or tempering in a high vacuum.
Ausbeute Variante A: 37.0 g (66 mmol) 66 %; Reinheit: ca. 99.9 % ig n. HPLC. Yield variant A: 37.0 g (66 mmol) 66%; Purity: approx. 99.9% according to HPLC.
Ausbeute Variante B: 32.8 g (58 mmol) 58 %; Reinheit: ca. 99.9 % ig n. HPLC. Yield variant B: 32.8 g (58 mmol) 58%; Purity: approx. 99.9% according to HPLC.
Ausbeute Variante C: 41.1 g (73 mmol) 71 %; Reinheit: ca. 99.9 % ig n. HPLC. Yield variant C: 41.1 g (73 mmol) 71%; Purity: approx. 99.9% according to HPLC.
Analog können folgende Verbindungen dargestellt werden. Soweit nicht anders vermerkt wird nachfolgend Variante C verwendet.
Beispiel: Herstellung der OLEDs The following connections can be represented analogously. Unless otherwise noted, variant C is used below. Example: Production of the OLEDs
1) Vakuum-prozessierte Devices: 1) Vacuum-processed devices:
Die Herstellung von erfindungsgemäßen OLEDs sowie OLEDs nach dem Stand der Technik erfolgt nach einem allgemeinen Verfahren gemäß WO 2004/058911 , das auf die hier beschriebenen Gegebenheiten (Schichtdickenvariation, verwendete Materialien) angepasst wird. OLEDs according to the invention and OLEDs according to the prior art are produced using a general method according to WO 2004/058911, which is adapted to the conditions described here (layer thickness variation, materials used).
In den folgenden Beispielen werden die Ergebnisse verschiedener OLEDs vorgestellt. Gereinigte Glasplättchen (Reinigung in Miele Laborspülmaschine, Reiniger Merck Extran), die mit strukturiertem ITO (Indium Zinn Oxid) der Dicke 50 nm beschichtet sind, werden 25 Minuten mit UV-Ozon vorbehandelt (UV-Ozon Generator PR-100, Firma UVP). Diese beschichteten Glasplättchen bilden die Substrate, auf welche die OLEDs aufgebracht werden. The results of various OLEDs are presented in the following examples. Cleaned glass plates (cleaning in a Miele laboratory dishwasher, Merck Extran cleaner), which are coated with structured ITO (indium tin oxide) with a thickness of 50 nm, are pretreated with UV ozone for 25 minutes (UV ozone generator PR-100, UVP company). These coated glass flakes form the substrates on which the OLEDs are applied.
1a) Blaue Fluoreszenz-OLED- Bauteile - BF: 1a) Blue fluorescence OLED devices - BF:
Die erfindungsgemäßen Verbindungen T können in der Elektronentransportschicht (ETL) und der Lochblockierschicht (HBL) verwendet werden. Alle Materialien werden in einer Vakuumkammer thermisch aufgedampft. Dabei besteht die Emissionsschicht (EML) immer aus mindestens einem Matrixmaterial (Hostmaterial, Wirtsmaterial) SMB (s. Tabelle 1 ) und einem emittierenden Dotierstoff (Dotand, Emitter) D, der dem Matrixmaterial bzw. den Matrixmaterialien durch Co-Verdampfung in einem bestimmten Volumenanteil beigemischt wird. Eine Angabe wie SMB:D (97:3%) bedeutet hierbei, dass das Material SMB in einem Volumenanteil von 97% und der Dotand D in einem Anteil von 3% in der Schicht vorliegt. Analog kann auch die Elektronentransportschicht aus einer Mischung zweier Materialien bestehen, s. Tabelle 1. Die zur Herstellung der OLEDs verwendeten Materialien sind in Tabelle 5 gezeigt. The compounds T according to the invention can be used in the electron transport layer (ETL) and the hole blocking layer (HBL). All materials are thermally evaporated in a vacuum chamber. The emission layer (EML) always consists of at least one matrix material (host material, host material) SMB (see Table 1) and an emitting dopant (dopant, emitter) D, which is added to the matrix material or matrix materials by co-evaporation in a certain volume fraction is added. A specification such as SMB:D (97:3%) means that the material SMB is present in the layer in a volume proportion of 97% and the dopant D in a proportion of 3%. Analogously, the electron transport layer can also consist of a mixture of two materials, see Table 1. The materials used to produce the OLEDs are shown in Table 5.
Die OLEDs werden standardmäßig charakterisiert. Hierfür werden die Elektrolumineszenzspektren, die Strom effizienz (gemessen in cd/A), die Leistungseffizienz (gemessen in Im/W) und die externe Quanteneffizienz (EQE, gemessen in Prozent) in Abhängigkeit der Leuchtdichte, berechnet
aus Strom-Spannungs-Leuchtdichte-Kennlinien (IIIL-Kennlinien) unter Annahme einer lambertschen Abstrahlcharakteristik sowie die Lebensdauer bestimmt. Die Angabe der EQE in (%) und der Spannung in (V) erfolgt bei einer Leuchtdichte von 1000 cd/m2 Die Lebensdauer wird bei einer Startleuchtdichte von 10000 cd/m2 bestimmt. Die Angabe LT80 in (h) ist die gemessene Zeit, in der die Helligkeit auf 80 % der Anfangshelligkeit abgefallen ist. The OLEDs are characterized by default. For this purpose, the electroluminescence spectra, the current efficiency (measured in cd/A), the power efficiency (measured in lm/W) and the external quantum efficiency (EQE, measured in percent) are calculated as a function of the luminance determined from current-voltage-luminance characteristics (IIIL characteristics) assuming a Lambertian emission characteristic and the service life. The EQE is specified in (%) and the voltage in (V) at a luminance of 1000 cd/m 2 The service life is determined at an initial luminance of 10000 cd/m 2 . The LT80 in (h) is the measured time in which the brightness has fallen to 80% of the initial brightness.
Die OLEDs haben folgenden Schichtaufbau: The OLEDs have the following layer structure:
Substrat substrate
Lochinjektionsschicht (HIL) aus HTM1 dotiert mit 5 % NDP-9 (kommerziell erhältlich von der Fa. Novaled), 20 nm Hole injection layer (HIL) made of HTM1 doped with 5% NDP-9 (commercially available from Novaled), 20 nm
Lochtransportschicht (HTL) aus HTM1 , 180 nmHole transport layer (HTL) from HTM1, 180 nm
Elektronenblockierschicht (EBL) aus EBM1 , 10 nm Electron Blocking Layer (EBL) from EBM1, 10 nm
Emissionsschicht (EML), s. Tabelle 1 Emission layer (EML), see Table 1
Lochblockerschicht (HBL), s. Tabelle 1 Hole Blocker Layer (HBL), see Table 1
Elektronentransportschicht (ETL), s. Tabelle 1Electron transport layer (ETL), see Table 1
Elektroneninjektionsschicht (EIL) aus ETM2, 1 nm Electron injection layer (EIL) from ETM2, 1 nm
Kathode aus Aluminium, 100 nm Aluminum cathode, 100 nm
Tabelle 1 : Aufbau Blaue Fluoreszenz-OLED- Bauteile
Table 1: Structure of blue fluorescence OLED components
Tabelle 2: Ergebnisse Blaue Fluoreszenz-OLED- Bauteile
Table 2: Results for blue fluorescent OLED devices
1 b) Phosphoreszenz-OLED-Bauteile: 1 b) Phosphorescent OLED devices:
Die erfindungsgemäßen Verbindungen T können in der Elektronentransportschicht (ETL), der Lochblockierschicht (HBL) und in der Emissionsschicht (EML) als Matrixmaterial (Hostmaterial, Wirtsmaterial) M (s. Tabelle 5) bzw. T (s. erfindungsgemäße Materialien) verwendet werden. Hierfür werden alle Materialien in einer Vakuumkammer thermisch aufgedampft. Dabei besteht die Emissionsschicht immer aus mindestens einem bzw. mehreren Matrix- materialien M und einem phosphoreszierenden Dotierstoff Ir, der dem Matrixmaterial bzw. den Matrixmaterialien durch Co-Verdampfung in einem bestimmten Volumenanteil beigemischt wird. Eine Angabe wie M1 :M2:lr (55%:35%:10%) bedeutet hierbei, dass das Material M1 in einem Volumenanteil von 55%, M2 in einem Volumenanteil von 35% und Ir in einem Volumenanteil von 10% in der Schicht vorliegt. Analog kann auch die Elektronentransportschicht aus einer Mischung zweier Materialien bestehen. Der genaue Aufbau der OLEDs ist Tabelle 3 zu entnehmen. Die zur Herstellung der OLEDs verwendeten Materialien sind in Tabelle 5 gezeigt. The compounds T according to the invention can be used in the electron transport layer (ETL), the hole blocking layer (HBL) and in the emission layer (EML) as matrix material (host material, host material) M (see Table 5) or T (see materials according to the invention). For this purpose, all materials are thermally vapor-deposited in a vacuum chamber. The emission layer always consists of at least one or more matrix materials M and a phosphorescent dopant Ir, which is admixed to the matrix material or matrix materials by co-evaporation in a certain proportion by volume. A specification such as M1 :M2:lr (55%:35%:10%) means that the material M1 accounts for 55% by volume, M2 for 35% by volume and Ir for 10% by volume in the layer present. Analogously, the electron transport layer can also consist of a mixture of two materials. The precise structure of the OLEDs can be found in Table 3. The materials used to fabricate the OLEDs are shown in Table 5.
Die OLEDs werden standardmäßig charakterisiert. Hierfür werden die Elektrolumineszenzspektren, die Strom effizienz (gemessen in cd/A), die Leistungseffizienz (gemessen in Im/W) und die externe Quanteneffizienz (EQE, gemessen in Prozent) in Abhängigkeit der Leuchtdichte, berechnet aus Strom-Spannungs-Leuchtdichte-Kennlinien (IUL-Kennlinien) unter Annahme einer lambertschen Abstrahlcharakteristik sowie die Lebensdauer bestimmt. Die Angabe der EQE in (%) und der Spannung in (V) erfolgt bei einer Leuchtdichte von 1000 cd/m2 Die Lebensdauer wird bei einer Startleuchtdichte von 1000 cd/m2 für blau- und rot-, 10000 cd/m2 für
grün- und gelb-emittierende Bauteile bestimmt. Die Angabe LT80 in (h) ist die gemessene Zeit, in der die Helligkeit auf 80 % der Anfangshelligkeit abfällt. The OLEDs are characterized by default. For this purpose, the electroluminescence spectra, the current efficiency (measured in cd/A), the power efficiency (measured in lm/W) and the external quantum efficiency (EQE, measured in percent) as a function of the luminance are calculated from current-voltage-luminance characteristics (IUL characteristics) assuming a Lambertian radiation characteristic and the service life. The specification of the EQE in (%) and the voltage in (V) takes place at a luminance of 1000 cd/m 2 The service life is at an initial luminance of 1000 cd/m 2 for blue and red, 10000 cd/m 2 for green and yellow emitting components. The specification LT80 in (h) is the measured time in which the brightness falls to 80% of the initial brightness.
Die OLEDs haben folgenden Schichtaufbau: The OLEDs have the following layer structure:
Substrat substrate
Lochinjektionsschicht (HIL) aus HTM1 dotiert mit 5 % NDP-9 (kommerziell erhältlich von der Fa. Novaled), 20 nm Hole injection layer (HIL) made of HTM1 doped with 5% NDP-9 (commercially available from Novaled), 20 nm
Lochtransportschicht (HTL) aus HTM1 , 180 nm für Blau, 50 nm für Grün, 40 nm für Gelb, 90 nm für Rot Hole transport layer (HTL) from HTM1, 180 nm for blue, 50 nm for green, 40 nm for yellow, 90 nm for red
Elektronenblockierschicht (EBL) 20 nm aus EBM2 für Blau, 20 nm aus EBM1 für Grün und Gelb, 10 nm für Rot Electron blocking layer (EBL) 20nm of EBM2 for blue, 20nm of EBM1 for green and yellow, 10nm for red
Emissionsschicht (EML), s. Tabelle 3 Emission layer (EML), see Table 3
Lochblockerschicht (HBL), s. Tabelle 3 Hole Blocker Layer (HBL), see Table 3
Elektronentransportschicht (ETL), s. Tabelle 3Electron transport layer (ETL), see Table 3
Elektroneninjektionsschicht (EIL) aus ETM2, 1 nm Electron injection layer (EIL) from ETM2, 1 nm
Kathode aus Aluminium, 100 nm Aluminum cathode, 100 nm
Tabelle 3: Aufbau Phosphoreszenz-OLED-Bauteile
Table 3: Structure of phosphorescence OLED components
Claims
Formel (1 ) wobei für die verwendeten Symbole gilt: Formula (1) where the following applies to the symbols used:
X ist gleich oder verschieden bei jedem Auftreten CR oder N mit der Maßgabe, dass maximal zwei Gruppen X pro Zyklus für N stehen; X is the same or different on each occurrence of CR or N with the proviso that a maximum of two groups of X per cycle are N;
R‘ ist bei jedem Auftreten gleich oder verschieden D, F, CI, Br, I, N(Ar‘)2, N(R1)2, OAr‘, SAr‘, B(OR1)2, CHO, C(=O)R1, CR1=C(R1)2, CN, C(=O)OR1 , C(=O)NR1 , Si(R1)3, NO2, P(=O)(R1)2, OSO2R1 , OR1, S(=O)R1, S(=O)2R1 , SR1, ein aromatisches oder heteroaromatisches Ringsystem mit 5 bis 60 aromatischen Ringatomen, bevorzugt mit 5 bis 40 aromatischen Ringatomen, das jeweils durch einen oder mehrere Reste R1 substituiert sein kann, mit der Maßgabe, dass mindestens einer oder beide R‘ mindestens eine Triazingruppe umfassen, welche mit zwei Resten R“ substituiert ist; R' is the same or different on each occurrence D, F, CI, Br, I, N(Ar')2, N(R 1 ) 2 , OAr', SAr', B(OR 1 ) 2 , CHO, C( =O) R1 , CR1 =C( R1 ) 2 , CN, C(=O) OR1 , C(=O) NR1 , Si( R1 ) 3 , NO2, P(=O)(R 1 ) 2 , OSO2R 1 , OR 1 , S(=O)R 1 , S(=O)2R 1 , SR 1 , an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 60 aromatic ring atoms, preferably having 5 to 40 aromatic ring atoms, that each may be substituted by one or more R 1 groups, provided that at least one or both R' groups comprise at least one triazine group substituted with two R"groups;
R“ ist bei jedem Auftreten gleich oder verschieden ein aromatisches oder heteroaromatisches Ringsystem mit 5 bis 60 aromatischen Ringatomen, bevorzugt mit 5 bis 40 aromatischen Ringatomen, das jeweils durch einen oder mehrere Reste R1 substituiert sein kann; R” is the same or different on each occurrence and is an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 60 aromatic ring atoms, preferably having 5 to 40 aromatic ring atoms, which can each be substituted by one or more R 1 radicals;
R ist bei jedem Auftreten gleich oder verschieden H, D, F, CI, Br, I, N(Ar‘)2, N(R1)2, OAr‘, SAr‘, B(OR1)2, CHO, C(=O)R1, CR1=C(R1)2, CN,
C(=O)OR1 , C(=O)NR1 , Si(R1)3, NO2, P(=O)(R1)2, OSO2R1 , OR1, S(=O)R1, S(=0)2R1 , SR1, eine geradkettige Alkylgruppe mit 1 bis 20 C-Atomen oder eine Alkenyl- oder Alkinylgruppe mit 2 bis 20 C- Atomen oder eine verzweigte oder zyklische Alkylgruppe mit 3 bis 20 C-Atomen, wobei die Alkyl-, Alkenyl- oder Alkinylgruppe jeweils mit einem oder mehreren Resten R1 substituiert sein kann, wobei eine oder mehrere nicht benachbarte CH2-Gruppen durch -R1C=CR1-, -C=C-, Si(R1)2, NR1 , CONR1 , C=O, C=S, -C(=O)O-, P(=O)(R1), -O-, -S-, SO oder SO2 ersetzt sein können, oder ein aromatisches oder heteroaromatisches Ringsystem mit 5 bis 60 aromatischen Ringatomen, bevorzugt mit 5 bis 40 aromatischen Ringatomen, das jeweils durch einen oder mehrere Reste R1 substituiert sein kann, wobei zwei oder mehr bevorzugt an den gleichen Zyklus gebundene Reste R miteinander ein aliphatisches, heteroaliphatisches, aromatisches oder heteroaromatisches Ringsystem bilden können, das mit einem oder mehreren Resten R1 substituiert sein kann; R is the same or different on each occurrence H, D, F, CI, Br, I, N(Ar') 2 , N(R 1 ) 2 , OAr', SAr', B(OR 1 ) 2 , CHO, C (=O) R1 , CR1 =C( R1 ) 2 , CN, C(=O) OR1 , C(=O) NR1 , Si( R1 ) 3 , NO2, P(=O)( R1 ) 2 , OSO2R1 , OR1 , S(=O) R1 , S (= 0) 2R 1 , SR 1 , a straight-chain alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms or an alkenyl or alkynyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms or a branched or cyclic alkyl group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, the Alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl group can each be substituted by one or more radicals R 1 , where one or more non-adjacent CH2 groups are replaced by -R 1 C=CR 1 -, -C=C-, Si(R 1 ) 2 , NR 1 , CONR 1 , C=O, C=S, -C(=O)O-, P(=O)(R 1 ), -O-, -S-, SO or SO2 can be replaced, or an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 60 aromatic ring atoms, preferably having 5 to 40 aromatic ring atoms, each of which may be substituted by one or more R 1 radicals, where two or more R radicals preferably bonded to the same cycle together form an aliphatic, heteroaliphatic , aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system which can be substituted by one or more radicals R 1 ;
Ar' ist bei jedem Auftreten gleich oder verschieden ein aromatisches oder heteroaromatisches Ringsystem mit 5 bis 40 aromatischen Ringatomen, das durch einen oder mehrere Reste R1 substituiert sein kann, wobei zwei oder mehr R1 miteinander ein aromatisches oder heteroaromatisches Ringsystem bilden können; Ar' is identical or different on each occurrence and is an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 40 aromatic ring atoms, which can be substituted by one or more R 1 radicals, where two or more R 1 groups can form an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system together;
R1 ist bei jedem Auftreten gleich oder verschieden H, D, F, I, B(OR2)2, N(R2)2, CHO, C(=O)R2, CR2=C(R2)2, CN, C(=O)OR2, Si(R2)3, NO2, P(=O)(R2)2, OSO2R2, SR2, OR2, S(=O)R2, S(=O)2R2, eine geradkettige Alkylgruppe mit 1 bis 20 C-Atomen oder eine Alkenyl- oder Alkinylgruppe mit 2 bis 20 C-Atomen oder eine verzweigte oder zyklische Alkylgruppe mit 3 bis 20 C-Atomen, wobei die Alkyl-, Alkenyl- oder Alkinylgruppe jeweils mit einem oder mehreren Resten R2 substituiert sein kann und wobei eine oder mehrere CH2-Gruppen in den oben genannten Gruppen durch -R2C=CR2-, -C=C-, Si(R2)2, C=O, C=S, -C(=O)O-, NR2, CONR2, P(=O)(R2), -O-, -S-, SO oder SO2 ersetzt sein können und wobei ein oder mehrere H-Atome in den oben genannten Gruppen durch D, F, CI, Br, I, CN oder NO2 ersetzt sein können, oder ein aromatisches oder heteroaromatisches
Ringsystem mit 5 bis 30 aromatischen Ringatomen, das jeweils durch einen oder mehrere Reste R2 substituiert sein kann, wobei zwei oder mehr Reste R1 miteinander ein aliphatisches, heteroaliphatisches, aromatisches oder heteroaromatisches Ringsystem bilden können; R 1 is the same or different on each occurrence H, D, F, I, B(OR 2 )2, N(R 2 ) 2 , CHO, C(=O)R 2 , CR 2 =C(R 2 ) 2 , CN, C(=O)OR 2 , Si(R 2 ) 3 , NO2, P(=O)(R 2 ) 2 , OSO2R 2 , SR 2 , OR 2 , S(=O)R 2 , S( = O) 2 R 2 , a straight-chain alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms or an alkenyl or alkynyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms or a branched or cyclic alkyl group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, the alkyl, alkenyl - or alkynyl group may each be substituted by one or more R 2 radicals and one or more CH 2 groups in the above groups may be substituted by -R 2 C=CR 2 -, -C=C-, Si(R 2 ) 2 , C=O, C=S, -C(=O)O-, NR 2 , CONR 2 , P(=O)(R 2 ), -O-, -S-, SO or SO 2 can be replaced and where a or more H atoms in the above groups can be replaced by D, F, Cl, Br, I, CN or NO2, or an aromatic or heteroaromatic Ring system with 5 to 30 aromatic ring atoms, each of which can be substituted by one or more R 2 radicals, where two or more R 1 radicals can form an aliphatic, heteroaliphatic, aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system with one another;
R2 ist bei jedem Auftreten gleich oder verschieden H, D, F, CN oder ein aliphatischer, aromatischer oder heteroaromatischer organischer Rest mit 1 bis 20 C-Atomen, in dem auch ein oder mehrere H-Atome durch D oder F ersetzt sein können; dabei können zwei oder mehr Substituenten R2 miteinander verknüpft sein und einen Ring bilden. R 2 is the same or different on each occurrence and is H, D, F, CN or an aliphatic, aromatic or heteroaromatic organic radical having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, in which one or more H atoms can also be replaced by D or F; two or more substituents R 2 can be linked to one another and form a ring.
2. Verbindung nach Anspruch 1 , ausgewählt aus den Verbindungen der2. A compound according to claim 1, selected from the compounds of
Formel (2) Formel Formula (2) Formula
Formel (4) wobei die verwendeten Symbole die in Anspruch 1 genannten Bedeutungen aufweisen und zusätzlich gilt: Formula (4) where the symbols used have the meanings given in claim 1 and the following also applies:
Ar1 ist bei jedem Auftreten gleich oder verschieden ein bivalentes aromatisches oder heteroaromatisches Ringsystem mit 5 bis 60 aromatischen Ringatomen, bevorzugt mit 5 bis 40 aromatischen Ringatomen, das jeweils durch einen oder mehrere Reste R1 substituiert sein kann; Ar 1 is identical or different on each occurrence, a bivalent aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 60 aromatic ring atoms, preferably having 5 to 40 aromatic ring atoms, which can be substituted by one or more radicals R 1 ;
R‘ ist bei jedem Auftreten gleich oder verschieden D, F, CI, Br, I, N(Ar‘)2, N(R1)2, OAr‘, SAr‘, B(OR1)2, CHO, C(=O)R1, CR1=C(R1)2, CN, C(=O)OR1 , C(=O)NR1 , Si(R1)3, NO2, P(=O)(R1)2, OSO2R1 , OR1, S(=O)R1, S(=O)2R1 , SR1, ein aromatisches oder heteroaromatisches Ringsystem mit 5 bis 60 aromatischen Ringatomen, bevorzugt mit 5 bis 40 aromatischen Ringatomen, das jeweils durch einen oder mehrere Reste R1 substituiert sein kann; s ist bei jedem Auftreten gleich oder verschieden und steht für 0 oderR' is the same or different on each occurrence D, F, CI, Br, I, N(Ar')2, N(R 1 ) 2 , OAr', SAr', B(OR 1 ) 2 , CHO, C( =O) R1 , CR1 =C( R1 ) 2 , CN, C(=O) OR1 , C(=O) NR1 , Si( R1 ) 3 , NO2 , P(=O)( R 1 ) 2 , OSO2R 1 , OR 1 , S(=O)R 1 , S(=O)2R 1 , SR 1 , an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 60 aromatic ring atoms, preferably having 5 to 40 aromatic ring atoms, each of which may be substituted by one or more R 1 radicals; s is the same or different on each occurrence and stands for 0 or
1 , wobei 0 bedeutet, dass das Triazin direkt an das Triptycen gebunden ist.
Verbindung nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 oder 2, ausgewählt aus den Verbindungen der Formeln (2-1 ), (3-1 ) oder (4-1 ),
1 , where 0 means that the triazine is linked directly to the triptycene. Compound according to one or more of claims 1 or 2, selected from the compounds of the formulas (2-1 ), (3-1 ) or (4-1 ),
Formel (4-1) wobei die verwendeten Symbole die in Anspruch 2 genannten Bedeutungen aufweisen. Formula (4-1) where the symbols used have the meanings given in claim 2.
4. Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Verbindung nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, gekennzeichnet durch die folgenden Schritte: 4. A method for preparing a compound according to one or more of claims 1 to 3, characterized by the following steps:
(A) Synthese des Grundgerüsts nach Formel (1 ); (A) Synthesis of the basic structure according to formula (1);
(B) Einführen der Reste R‘ durch Kupplungsreaktionen. (B) Introduction of R' groups by coupling reactions.
5. Oligomer, Polymer oder Dendrimer umfassend eine oder mehrere Verbindungen gemäß Formel (1 ) nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, wobei die Bindung(en) zu dem Oligomer, Polymer oder Dendrimer an beliebigen Positionen in Formel (1 ) erfolgen kann (können). 5. Oligomer, polymer or dendrimer comprising one or more compounds according to formula (1) according to one or more of claims 1 to 3, wherein the bond(s) to the oligomer, polymer or dendrimer can take place at any position in formula (1). (can).
6. Formulierung, enthaltend mindestens eine Verbindung nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 3 und mindestens eine weitere Verbindung und/oder mindestens ein Lösemittel.
Verwendung einer Verbindung nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 3 und oder einer Formulierung nach Anspruch 6 in einer elektronischen Vorrichtung. Elektronische Vorrichtung enthaltend mindestens eine Verbindung nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 3 und/oder mindestens ein Oligomer, Polymer oder Dendrimer nach Anspruch 5. Elektronische Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 8, wobei es sich um eine organische Elektrolumineszenzvorrichtung handelt, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Vorrichtung Anode, Kathode und mindestens eine emittierende Schicht umfasst, wobei mindestens eine organische Schicht, welche eine emittierende Schicht, Lochtransportschicht, Elektronentransportschicht, Lochblockierschicht, Elektronenblockierschicht oder eine andere funktionelle Schicht sein kann, mindestens eine Verbindung nach Formel (1 ) umfasst.
6. Formulation containing at least one compound according to one or more of claims 1 to 3 and at least one further compound and/or at least one solvent. Use of a compound according to one or more of claims 1 to 3 and/or a formulation according to claim 6 in an electronic device. Electronic device containing at least one compound according to one or more of claims 1 to 3 and / or at least one oligomer, polymer or dendrimer according to claim 5. Electronic device according to claim 8, which is an organic electroluminescent device, characterized in that the device Anode, cathode and at least one emitting layer, wherein at least one organic layer, which can be an emitting layer, hole transport layer, electron transport layer, hole blocking layer, electron blocking layer or another functional layer, comprises at least one compound of formula (1).
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