WO2022234797A1

WO2022234797A1 - Heat generation device

Info

Publication number: WO2022234797A1
Application number: PCT/JP2022/018979
Authority: WO
Inventors: 翔一村上; 豊治大畑; 康弘岩村; 岳彦伊藤; 英樹吉野
Original assignee: 株式会社クリーンプラネット
Priority date: 2021-05-07
Filing date: 2022-04-26
Publication date: 2022-11-10
Also published as: TW202317923A; JP2022172989A

Abstract

Provided is a heat generation device which efficiently generates heat and efficiently recovers generated heat using a heat medium, and which can be made smaller and more compact. This heat generation device is provided with: a laminated structure (4) having a heat generation element (5) for generating heat by hydrogen absorption and release, a first flow path (6) into which a hydrogen-based gas containing hydrogen is introduced and which supplies hydrogen to the heat generation element (5), a second flow path (7) through which a hydrogen-containing permeation gas that has permeated the heat generation element (5) circulates, and a third flow path (8) through which a heat medium for exchanging heat with the permeation gas flowing through the second flow path (7) circulates, the laminated structure (4) being configured by sequentially and symmetrically laminating, on both sides of the third flow path (8), the second flow path (7), the heat generation element (5), and the first flow path (6) in order from the third flow path (8); and, an electric heater (9) as a heating means for heating the heat generation element (5).

Description

heating device

The present invention relates to an integrated heat generation/heat exchange type heat generating device that simultaneously generates heat and exchanges heat.

It is known that hydrogen storage metals or hydrogen storage alloys have the property of repeatedly absorbing and desorbing a large amount of hydrogen under certain reaction conditions, and that this hydrogen absorption and desorption is accompanied by considerable heat of reaction. . Heat utilization systems such as heat pump systems, heat transport systems, cold heat (refrigeration) systems, and hydrogen storage systems that utilize this heat of reaction have been proposed (see

Patent Documents

1 and 2, for example).

By the way, the present applicant et al. have proposed that, in a heat generating device provided with a heat generating element using a hydrogen storage metal or the like, the heat generating element is configured by a support and a multilayer film supported by the support, and the heat generating element It was found that heat is generated when hydrogen is absorbed by the heating element and when hydrogen is released from the heating element. Based on such findings, the applicant of the present application and others previously proposed a heat generating device and a heat utilization system (see Patent Document 3).

Specifically, the support of the heating element is composed of at least one of a porous body, a hydrogen-permeable membrane, and a proton dielectric. The multilayer film of the heating element includes a first layer having a thickness of less than 1000 nm made of a hydrogen storage metal or a hydrogen storage alloy, and a thickness made of a hydrogen storage metal, a hydrogen storage alloy, or ceramics different from the first layer. It is constructed by alternately stacking second layers of less than 1000 nm. Here, FIG. 19 shows an example of the heat generating device proposed in Patent Document 3. As shown in FIG.

FIG. 19 is a block diagram showing the basic configuration of the heat generating device 201 proposed in Patent Document 3. The heating device 201 includes a control section 202, a sealed container 203, a heating element 205, an electric heater 209 as heating means, a temperature control section T, and a hydrogen circulation line L0.

The heating element 205 is housed inside the sealed container 203 . The sealed container 203 is housed inside a containment container 225 insulated by heat insulating material 224 . An electric heater 209 is wound around the sealed container 203 . The output of the electric heater 209 is controlled by the temperature controller T. The temperature adjustment unit T is composed of a temperature sensor 211 that detects the temperature of the heating element 205 and a control unit 202 that controls the output of the power supply 210 based on the temperature of the heating element 205 detected by the temperature sensor 211. there is

The inside of the sealed container 203 is partitioned into a first chamber R1 and a second chamber R2 by a heating element 205. An introduction pipe 213 of the hydrogen circulation line L0 is connected to the first chamber R1. A recovery pipe 219 of the hydrogen circulation line L0 is connected to the second chamber R2. A circulation pump 212, a buffer tank 215, a pressure control valve 216, and a filter 217 are connected to the hydrogen circulation line L0. ing. The circulation pump 212 and the pressure regulating valve 216 are electrically connected to the controller 202 and their operations are controlled by the controller 202 .

The containment vessel 225 includes a supply pipe 226 for supplying the heat medium heated by the heat generated by the heat generating device 201 to a heat utilization device (heat load) not shown, and a supply pipe 226 for supplying heat to the heat utilization device. A recovery pipe 227 for recovering the heat medium is connected.

In the heat generating device 201 configured as described above, the electric heater 209 whose output is controlled by the control unit 202 heats the heat generating element 205 to an optimum temperature, and the circulation pump 212 is driven to move the hydrogen-based gas to the hydrogen circulation line. When the hydrogen-based gas is introduced into the first chamber R1 of the sealed container 203 from the introduction pipe 213 of L0, the hydrogen contained in this hydrogen-based gas permeates the heating element 205 and moves to the second chamber R2. As hydrogen permeates (absorbs and releases) the heating element 205 in this manner, the heating element 205 generates heat (excess heat) that is larger than the amount of heat required to heat the heating element 205 by the electric heater 209 .

When excess heat is generated in the heating element 205 as described above, the heat medium supplied into the containment vessel 225 is heated by the excess heat. The heated heat medium is supplied to a heat utilization device (not shown) through the supply pipe 226, whereby the heat utilization device uses excess heat as a heat source to perform required work (eg, power generation). Then, the heat medium whose temperature has been lowered by applying heat to the heat utilization device is returned to the containment vessel 225 through the recovery pipe 219 and recovered.

The above operation is continuously repeated, and the heat generated in the heat generating device 201 is supplied to the heat utilization device via the heat medium and used for required work such as power generation.

JP-A-56-100276 JP-A-58-022854 Japanese Patent No. 6749035

However, in the heat generating device 201 shown in FIG. 19 proposed in Patent Document 3, the heat generating elements 205 that generate heat are not incorporated in a state of being integrated at high density, so the heat generating elements 205 efficiently generate heat. and there is room for improvement.

Also, the heat generated by the heating element 205 is transmitted to the heat medium in the containment vessel 225 via the hydrogen-based gas in the closed vessel 203 and the closed vessel 203 to heat the heat medium. Therefore, the heat transfer path from the heat generating element 205 to the heat medium is long, and the heat generated by the heat generating element 205 cannot be efficiently recovered by the heat medium, and there is room for improvement in this respect as well. .

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to provide a heat generating device that can efficiently generate heat, efficiently recover the generated heat using a heat medium, and can be made smaller and more compact. aim.

In order to achieve the above object, a heat generating device according to the present invention includes a heating element that generates heat by occluding and releasing hydrogen; A first flow path, a second flow path through which the permeated gas containing hydrogen that has permeated the heating element flows, and a second flow path in which a heat medium that exchanges heat with the permeated gas that flows through the second flow path flows. The second flow path, the heating element, and the first flow path are sequentially and symmetrically stacked on both sides of the third flow path from the third flow path. A laminated structure and heating means for heating the heating element are provided.

In the heat generating device of the present invention, on both sides of a third flow path through which a heat medium flows, a second flow path through which a permeated gas containing hydrogen that has permeated a heating element flows, in order from the third flow path, a heating element, a heating element, and a heating element. It has a laminated structure constructed by sequentially and symmetrically laminating first flow paths into which hydrogen-based gas for supplying hydrogen to the body is introduced. In the laminated structure, the heating element, the first channel, the second channel, and the third channel are laminated at high density. Therefore, according to the present invention, heat can be efficiently generated, the generated heat can be efficiently recovered by the heat medium, and miniaturization and compactness can be achieved.

1 is a block diagram showing the basic configuration of a heat generating device according to a first embodiment; FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective view of a heat generating module according to a first embodiment; FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective view of a laminated structure according to a first embodiment; FIG. 1 is a plan view of an electric heater according to a first embodiment; FIG. FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing the configuration of a heating element according to the first embodiment; FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating a mechanism of excessive heat generation in the heating element according to the first embodiment; FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing Modification 1 of the heating element; FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view showing Modification 2 of the heating element; BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS It is a block diagram which shows the structure of the heat utilization system which concerns on 1st Embodiment. FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing the basic configuration of a heat generating device according to a second embodiment; FIG. 8 is an exploded perspective view of a laminated structure according to a second embodiment; FIG. 11 is a block diagram showing the basic configuration of a heat generating device according to a third embodiment; FIG. 11 is an exploded perspective view of a laminated structure according to a third embodiment; FIG. 11 is a block diagram showing the basic configuration of a heat generating device according to a fourth embodiment; FIG. 11 is an exploded perspective view of a laminated structure according to a fourth embodiment; FIG. 5 is a schematic plan view showing Modification 1 of the heat generating module. FIG. 8 is a schematic plan view showing Modification 2 of the heat generating module. FIG. 11 is a schematic plan view showing Modification 3 of the heat generating module. 1 is a block diagram showing the basic configuration of a heat generating device proposed in Patent Document 3; FIG.

The embodiments of the present invention will be described below based on the drawings.

1. First Embodiment [Heat generating device]
FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the basic configuration of a heat generating device 1 according to the first embodiment. The heat generating device 1 includes a heat generating module M1, a temperature control section T, a hydrogen circulation line L1, a control section 2, and a sealed container 3. In FIG. 1, connection points of black circles indicate connections between members.

The heat generating module M1 is housed inside the sealed container 3. The heat generating module M1 includes two laminated structures 4 and one electric heater 9. As shown in FIG. The laminated structure 4 includes a heating element 5 that generates heat by occluding and releasing hydrogen, a first channel 6 into which a hydrogen-based gas containing hydrogen is introduced and that supplies hydrogen to the heating element 5 , and the heating element 5 . A second flow path 7 through which a permeated gas containing permeated hydrogen (hereinafter referred to as permeated hydrogen) flows, and a third flow through which a heat medium that exchanges heat between the permeated gas flowing through the second flow path 7 flows. and a second flow path 7, a heating element 5, and a first flow path 6 are sequentially and symmetrically laminated on both sides of the third flow path 8 in order from the third flow path 8. there is The electric heater 9 is an example of heating means for heating the heating element 5 . Here, the hydrogen-based gas contains isotopes of hydrogen. At least one of hydrogen gas and deuterium gas is used as the hydrogen-based gas. Hydrogen gas includes a mixture of naturally occurring hydrogen and deuterium, ie, a mixture with a proportion of hydrogen of 99.985% and a proportion of deuterium of 0.015%. In FIG. 1, the hydrogen-based gas that supplies hydrogen to the heating element 5 is described as "hydrogen", and the permeated gas containing permeated hydrogen that has permeated the heating element 5 is described as "permeated hydrogen". It should be noted that, in manufacturing the heat generating module M1, it is desirable to diffusion-bond each member. A detailed configuration of the heat generating module M1 will be described later.

The temperature adjustment unit T adjusts the temperature of the heating element 5 to maintain the heating element 5 at a temperature at which it can generate heat (for example, 50° C. to 1500° C.). The temperature adjustment unit T includes an electric heater 9, a power supply 10 that supplies electric power to the electric heater 9, a temperature sensor 11 such as a thermocouple that detects the temperature of the electric heater 9, and the temperature detected by the temperature sensor 11. and a control unit 2 for controlling the output of the power supply 10 .

The hydrogen circulation line L1 introduces a hydrogen-based gas containing hydrogen into the first flow path 6 provided in the laminated structure 4 of the heat generating module M1, and permeates the heat generating element 5 from the first flow path 6. The operation of recovering permeated gas containing permeated hydrogen that has been moved to the second channel 7 by the heat generated by the heating element 5 and returning it to the first channel 6 is repeated.

The hydrogen circulation line L1 includes an introduction pipe 12 for introducing a hydrogen-based gas into the first flow path 6 provided in the laminated structure 4 of the heat generating module M1, and a second flow path provided in the laminated structure 4 of the heat generating module M1. It has a recovery pipe 13 for recovering the permeated gas from the passage 7 and a circulation pump 14 connected to the introduction pipe 12 and the recovery pipe 13 . In the heat generating device 1, the heat generating module M1 and the hydrogen circulation line L1 form a closed loop in which gas circulates.

The introduction pipe 12 is connected to the discharge port of the circulation pump 14 . The introduction pipe 12 has a branch pipe 15 connected to each first flow path 6 provided in each laminated structure 4 of the heat generating module M1. The hydrogen-based gas in the introduction pipe 12 is introduced into the first flow path 6 via the branch pipe 15 .

The recovery pipe 13 is connected to the suction port of the circulation pump 14 . The recovery pipe 13 has branch pipes 16 respectively connected to the second flow paths 7 provided in the laminated structures 4 of the heat generating module M1. The permeating gas in the second flow path 7 is heated by the heating element 5 to a high temperature, recovered to the recovery pipe 13 via each branch pipe 16, and reused as a hydrogen-based gas for supplying hydrogen to the heating element 5. be done.

The circulation pump 14 circulates the hydrogen-based gas between the heating module M1 and the hydrogen circulation line L1, which constitute a closed loop. A metal bellows pump, for example, is used as the circulation pump 14 . The circulation pump 14 is electrically connected to the controller 2 and its operation is controlled by a control signal from the controller 2 .

A buffer tank 17 , a pressure regulating valve 18 , and a filter 19 are provided in the middle of the introduction pipe 12 . The buffer tank 17 stores the hydrogen-based gas and absorbs fluctuations in the flow rate of the hydrogen-based gas. The pressure regulating valve 18 is electrically connected to the control unit 2, and adjusts the pressure of the hydrogen-based gas supplied from the buffer tank 17 by adjusting the degree of opening according to a control signal from the control unit 2. fulfill a function.

The filter 19 is for removing impurities contained in the hydrogen-based gas. Here, the amount of hydrogen that permeates the heating element 5 (hydrogen permeation amount) depends on the temperature of the heating element 5, the pressure difference between both sides of the heating element 5, and the surface condition of the heating element 5. If it is contained, the impurities may adhere to the surface of the heating element 5 and deteriorate the surface condition of the heating element 5 . When the surface condition of the heat generating body 5 deteriorates, the adsorption and dissociation of hydrogen molecules on the surface of the heat generating body 5 are hindered, resulting in a decrease in the amount of hydrogen permeation. Examples of substances that inhibit the adsorption and dissociation of hydrogen molecules on the surface of the heating element 5 include water (including water vapor), hydrocarbons (methane, ethane, methanol, ethanol, etc.), C, S, Si, and the like. . Therefore, the filter 19 removes at least water (including water vapor), hydrocarbons, C, S, and Si as impurities. Since the filter 19 removes impurities contained in the hydrogen-based gas, a reduction in the amount of hydrogen permeating through the heating element 5 is suppressed.

The control section 2 is electrically connected to each section of the heating device 1 and controls the operation of each section. The control unit 2 includes a CPU (Central Processing Unit), a storage unit such as a ROM (Read Only Memory) and a RAM (Random Access Memory). The CPU executes various arithmetic processes using programs and data stored in ROM and RAM.

The closed container 3 is configured as a hollow container made of stainless steel (SUS), for example. The material of the sealed container 3 is preferably a material having heat resistance and pressure resistance, such as carbon steel, austenitic stainless steel, or heat-resistant non-ferrous alloy steel. Also, the material of the sealed container 3 may be a material that reflects radiant heat generated by the heating element 5, which will be described later, such as nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), molybdenum (Mo), or the like. Although the shape of the sealed container 3 is a square tube in this embodiment, it is not limited to this, and may be a square tube other than the square tube, a cylinder, an elliptical tube, or the like.

(heat generation module)
The configuration of the heat generating module M1 will be described below with reference to FIGS. 2 to 5. FIG. 2 is an exploded perspective view of the heat generating module M1, FIG. 3 is an exploded perspective view of the laminated structure 4, and FIG. 4 is a plan view of the electric heater 9. As shown in FIG.

As shown in FIG. 2, the heat generating module M1 is configured by stacking two laminated structures 4 in two stages in the vertical direction (the Z-axis direction in FIG. 2). The lowermost first channel 6 of the upper laminated structure 4 and the uppermost first channel 6 of the lower laminated structure 4 face each other. The heat generating module M1 is formed in a quadrangular prism shape in the example shown in FIG. In the heating device 1 and each member constituting the heating device 1, the upper surface in the Z-axis direction is the plane, the lower surface in the Z-axis direction is the bottom surface, the left surface in the Y-axis direction is the front surface, and the Y-axis direction is The right surface is the rear surface, the right surface in the X-axis direction is the right surface, and the left surface in the X-axis direction is the left surface.

As shown in FIG. 3, the first flow path 6 is composed of a flat plate portion 6a and a wall portion 6b provided on the flat plate portion 6a. The flat plate portion 6a and the wall portion 6b are made of, for example, stainless steel. The flat plate portion 6a is formed in a square shape in plan view. The wall portion 6b is provided on three of the four edge portions of the flat plate portion 6a. In FIG. 3, the wall portions 6b are provided at the left and right edge portions in the X-axis direction and the right edge portion in the Y-axis direction among the four edge portions of the flat plate portion 6a. The wall portion 6b forming the lower first flow path 6 protrudes upward in the Z-axis direction, and the wall portion 6b forming the upper first flow path 6 protrudes downward in the Z-axis direction. there is A hydrogen inlet 6c is provided on the front surface of the first flow path 6 (the left side surface in the Y-axis direction), that is, on one of the four edge portions of the flat plate portion 6a where the wall portion 6b is not provided. is provided. The hydrogen inlet 6c is connected to the branch pipe 15 of the hydrogen circulation line L1 (see FIG. 1). The rear surface of the first flow path 6 (the right side surface in the Y-axis direction) is composed of a wall portion 6b.

The second flow path 7 is composed of a flat plate portion 7a and a wall portion 7b provided on the flat plate portion 7a. The flat plate portion 7a and the wall portion 7b are made of, for example, stainless steel. The flat plate portion 7a is formed in a square shape in plan view. The wall portion 7b is provided on three of the four edge portions of the flat plate portion 7a. In FIG. 3, the wall portion 7b is provided on the left and right edge portions in the X-axis direction and the left edge portion in the Y-axis direction among the four edge portions of the flat plate portion 7a. The wall portion 7b forming the lower second flow path 7 protrudes downward in the Z-axis direction, and the wall portion 7b forming the upper second flow path 7 protrudes upward in the Z-axis direction. there is A hydrogen recovery port 7c is provided on the back surface of the second flow path 7 (the right side surface in the Y-axis direction), that is, on one of the four edge portions of the flat plate portion 7a where the wall portion 7b is not provided. is provided. In FIG. 3, the hydrogen recovery port 7c provided on the back surface of the second flow path 7 on the lower side is hidden behind the plane of the paper. The hydrogen recovery port 7c is connected to the branch pipe 16 of the hydrogen circulation line L1 (see FIG. 1).

The third flow path 8 is formed in a flat plate shape and includes two flat plate portions 8a arranged with a gap therebetween, and two walls provided between the two flat plate portions 8a and arranged with a gap therebetween. 8b. The flat plate portion 8a and the wall portion 8b are made of, for example, stainless steel. The flat plate portions 8a are formed in a rectangular shape in a plan view, and are arranged vertically in the Z-axis direction. The wall portions 8b are provided on two edge portions of the four edge portions of the flat plate portion 8a that face each other. In FIG. 3, the wall portions 8b are provided at the left and right edge portions in the Y-axis direction among the four edge portions of the flat plate portion 8a. A heat medium inlet 8c is provided on the right side surface (the right side surface in the X-axis direction) of the third flow path 8, and the heat medium recovery port 8c is provided on the left side surface (the left side surface in the X-axis direction) of the third flow path 8. A mouth 8d is provided. The heat medium inlet 8c is connected to a branch pipe 31e (see FIG. 1) of the heat medium circulation line L2, which will be described later. The heat medium recovery port 8d is connected to a branch pipe 31f (see FIG. 1) of the heat medium circulation line L2, which will be described later. The third flow path 8 forms part of the heat medium circulation line L2.

The electric heater 9 is provided between the two facing first flow paths 6 of the two laminated structures 4 stacked one above the other, that is, between the lowermost first flow path 6 and the lower side of the upper laminated structure 4 . is provided between the uppermost first channel 6 of the laminated structure 4 (see FIG. 2). The electric heater 9 heats the heating element 5 to a temperature capable of generating heat (eg, 50° C. to 1500° C.) via the first flow path 6 . In this embodiment, since the electric heater 9 is provided in the central portion of the heat generating module M1 in the vertical direction, the temperature of the entire heat generating module M1 rises efficiently.

As shown in FIG. 4, the electric heater 9 is composed of a flat base 9a and a heating wire 9b provided on the base 9a. The base 9a is formed in the shape of a rectangular flat plate made of a metal having a high heat resistance such as molybdenum or nickel, a high heat resistance alloy, or ceramics such as alumina or silicon carbide having a high heat resistance and no reactivity with hydrogen. The heating wires 9b are attached to both sides of the base 9a while being repeatedly bent. If the material of the base 9a is conductive such as metal, the heating wire 9b is attached to the base 9a via insulating ceramics. The heating wire 9b is made of a material with high electrical resistance, such as metal such as molybdenum or tungsten. By attaching the heating wire 9b to the base 9a in a repeatedly bent state, the heating area of the electric heater 9 is increased and the amount of heat generated is increased. In this embodiment, the electric heater 9 is configured by attaching the heating wires 9b to both sides of the base 9a, but it may be configured by attaching the heating wires 9b to only one side of the base 9a. Although not shown in FIG. 4, a temperature sensor 11 (see FIG. 1) is provided on the base 9a, and a power source 10 (see FIG. 1) is connected to the heating wire 9b. In this embodiment, the electric heater 9 may be configured by arranging a thin ribbon-like surface heater on the base 9a instead of the heating wire 9b.

<Structure of Heating Element>
The configuration of the heating element 5 will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 5 is a sectional view showing the configuration of the heating element 5. As shown in FIG.

As shown in FIG. 5, the heating element 5 has a support 5A and a multilayer film 5B. The support 5A is composed of a hydrogen storage metal, a hydrogen storage alloy, or a proton dielectric. As the hydrogen storage metal, Ni, Pd, V, Nb, Ta, Ti, etc. are used, for example. For example, LaNi ₅ , CaCu ₅ , MgZn ₂ , ZrNi ₂ , ZrCr ₂ , TiFe, TiCo, Mg ₂ Ni, Mg ₂ Cu, etc. are used as hydrogen storage alloys. Proton dielectrics include, for example, BaCeO ₃ system (eg Ba(Ce _0.95 Y _0.05 )O _3-6 ), SrCeO ₃ system (eg Sr(Ce _0.95 Y _0.05 )O _{3 −6} ), CaZrO ₃ system (e.g. Ca(Zr _0.95 Y _0.05 )O _3-α ), SrZrO ₃ system (e.g. Sr(Zr _0.9 Y _0.1 )O _3-α ), βAl ₂ O ₃ , βGa ₂ O ₃ and the like are used.

The support 5A may be composed of a porous material or a hydrogen permeable membrane. The porous body has a large number of pores with a size that allows passage of the hydrogen-based gas. The porous body is composed of materials such as metals, non-metals, and ceramics, for example. The porous body is preferably made of a material that does not inhibit the exothermic reaction between hydrogen and the multilayer film 5B. The hydrogen-permeable membrane is made of a material that allows hydrogen to permeate. As a material for the hydrogen-permeable membrane, a hydrogen-absorbing metal or a hydrogen-absorbing alloy is preferable. Hydrogen-permeable membranes include those having a mesh sheet.

The multilayer film 5B is formed on the support 5A. The multilayer film 5B is formed on both surfaces (the left end surface and the right end surface in FIG. 5) of the support 5A in this embodiment. FIG. 5 shows only the multilayer film 5B formed on one surface (left end surface in FIG. 5) of the support 5A, and is formed on the other surface (right end surface in FIG. 5) of the support 5A. Illustration of the multilayer film 5B is omitted. The multilayer film 5B is not limited to being formed on both sides of the support 5A, and may be formed only on one side of the support 5A or only on the other side of the support 5A.

The multilayer film 5B has a first layer 51 made of a hydrogen storage metal or hydrogen storage alloy, and a second layer 52 made of a different hydrogen storage metal, hydrogen storage alloy, or ceramics from the first layer 51. is doing. A different material interface 53 is formed between the first layer 51 and the second layer 52 .

In the example shown in FIG. 5, the multilayer film 5B is formed on the support 5A as a ten-layer film structure in which five first layers 51 and five second layers 52 are alternately laminated in this order. The number of first layers 51 and second layers 52 is arbitrary. The multilayer film 5B may be formed on the support 5A as a multilayer film structure in which a plurality of second layers 52 and first layers 51 are alternately laminated in this order. The multilayer film 5B has at least one first layer 51 and at least one second layer 52, and one or more different material interfaces 53 formed between the first layer 51 and the second layer 52. I wish I had.

The first layer 51 is composed of, for example, Ni, Pd, Cu, Mn, Cr, Fe, Mg, Co, and alloys thereof. The alloy forming the first layer 51 is preferably composed of two or more of Ni, Pd, Cu, Mn, Cr, Fe, Mg, and Co. As the alloy forming the first layer 51, Ni, Pd, Cu, Mn, Cr, Fe, Mg, Co may be added with an additive element.

The second layer 52 is composed of, for example, Ni, Pd, Cu, Mn, Cr, Fe, Mg, Co, alloys thereof, or SiC. As the alloy forming the second layer 52, an alloy composed of two or more of Ni, Pd, Cu, Mn, Cr, Fe, Mg, and Co is preferable. As the alloy forming the second layer 52, Ni, Pd, Cu, Mn, Cr, Fe, Mg, Co may be added with an additive element.

As a combination of the first layer 51 and the second layer 52, when the types of elements are expressed as "first layer-second layer", Pd--Ni, Ni--Cu, Ni--Cr, Ni--Fe, Ni-- A combination of Mg and Ni—Co is preferred. When the second layer 52 is made of ceramic, a combination of Ni—SiC is preferable.

The thicknesses of the first layer 51 and the second layer 52 that constitute the multilayer film 5B of the heating element 5 are each preferably less than 1000 nm. When each thickness of the first layer 51 and the second layer 52 is less than 1000 nm, the first layer 51 and the second layer 52 can maintain a nanostructure without exhibiting bulk properties. Incidentally, when the thickness of each of the first layer 51 and the second layer 52 is 1000 nm or more, it becomes difficult for hydrogen to permeate the multilayer film 5B. Each thickness of the first layer 51 and the second layer 52 is preferably less than 500 nm. When each thickness of the first layer 51 and the second layer 52 is less than 500 nm, the first layer 51 and the second layer 52 can maintain a nanostructure that does not exhibit any bulk properties.

As shown in FIG. 5, the heating element 5 is configured so that hydrogen permeates through the multilayer film 5B while hopping. In other words, the foreign material interface 53 formed between the first layer 51 and the second layer 52 is permeable to hydrogen. In FIG. 5, dotted arrows indicate how hydrogen permeates the multilayer film 5B while hopping.

The mechanism of heat generation (excess heat generation) when hydrogen permeates the heating element 5 will be described based on FIG.

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram explaining the mechanism of excessive heat generation in the heating element 5. FIG. FIG. 6 shows that the first layer 51 and the second layer 52 of the multilayer film 5B of the heating element 5 are composed of a hydrogen storage metal having a face-centered cubic structure, and the hydrogen in the metal lattice of the first layer 51 is different. It shows how the particles pass through the material interface 53 and migrate into the metal lattice of the second layer 52 . When hydrogen is supplied to the heating element 5, the support 5A and the multilayer film 5B occlude hydrogen. Here, even if the supply of hydrogen is stopped, the heating element 5 maintains a state in which hydrogen is occluded by the support 5A and the multilayer film 5B.

Then, when the heating of the heating element 5 by the electric heater 9 is started, the hydrogen occluded in the support 5A and the multilayer film 5B is released. Here, it is known that hydrogen is light and undergoes quantum diffusion while hopping between sites (octahedral sites and tetrahedral sites) occupied by hydrogen in substances A and B. The heating element 5 generates heat (excess heat) greater than the amount heated by the electric heater 9 by permeating the heterogeneous substance interface 53 by hydrogen quantum diffusion or by hydrogen permeating the heterogeneous substance interface 53 by diffusion. Occur.

In this embodiment, the first flow is arranged so that one surface (front surface) of the heating element 5 faces the first flow path 6 and the other surface (back surface) of the heating element 5 faces the second flow path 7 . The channel 6, the heating element 5, and the second channel 7 are layered in this order. Therefore, the pressure in the first channel 6 is increased by introducing the hydrogen-based gas, and the pressure in the second channel 7 is decreased by recovering the permeating gas. As a result, the pressure of hydrogen in the first flow passage 6 (referred to as “hydrogen partial pressure”) becomes higher than the hydrogen partial pressure in the second flow passage 7, and the hydrogen pressure difference (“hydrogen partial pressure”) on both sides of the heating element 5 pressure difference”) occurs. When a difference in hydrogen partial pressure occurs on both sides of the heating element 5, hydrogen molecules contained in the hydrogen-based gas introduced into the first flow path 6 are adsorbed on one surface (surface) of the heating element 5, and the hydrogen molecules dissociates into two hydrogen atoms, and the dissociated hydrogen atoms penetrate into the heating element 5 . That is, hydrogen is occluded in the heating element 5 . The hydrogen atoms that have penetrated into the heating element 5 permeate the foreign substance interface 53 by quantum diffusion, or permeate the foreign substance interface 53 by diffusion. On the other surface (back surface) of the heating element 5 located on the low pressure side, the hydrogen atoms that have passed through the heating element 5 are recombined and released into the second flow path 7 as hydrogen molecules. That is, hydrogen is released from the heating element 5 . In this manner, the heating element 5 generates excess heat by permeating hydrogen from the first flow path 6 on the high pressure side to the second flow path 7 on the low pressure side. A state in which hydrogen is absorbed on the surface of the heat generating element 5 and hydrogen is released on the back surface of the heat generating element 5 at the same time by maintaining a state in which the first flow path 6 has a higher pressure than the second flow path 7. can be maintained. Note that "at the same time" is not limited to being completely at the same time, but means within a short period of time to the extent that they can be regarded as being substantially at the same time. Since the absorption and release of hydrogen are performed simultaneously, hydrogen continuously permeates the heating element 5, so that excess heat can be efficiently generated from the heating element 5. FIG.

<Manufacturing method of heating element>
Here, an example of a method for manufacturing the heating element 5 will be described.

For the heating element 5, a plate-like support 5A is prepared, a vapor deposition apparatus is used to vaporize a hydrogen-absorbing metal or hydrogen-absorbing alloy that becomes the first layer 51 and the second layer 52, and the vapor-phase state is obtained. It is manufactured by depositing a hydrogen storage metal or hydrogen storage alloy on the surface of the support 5A, and alternately forming the first layer 51 and the second layer 52 as films. In this case, it is preferable to continuously form the first layer 51 and the second layer 52 in a vacuum state. As a result, only a different material interface 53 is formed between the first layer 51 and the second layer 52 without forming a natural oxide film. A Ni plate, for example, is used as the support 5A.

The vapor deposition device may be a physical vapor deposition device for vapor-depositing a hydrogen-absorbing metal or a hydrogen-absorbing alloy on the surface of the support 5A by a physical method, or a physical vapor-depositing device for vapor-depositing a hydrogen-absorbing metal or a hydrogen-absorbing alloy on the surface of the support 5A by a chemical method. A chemical vapor deposition apparatus or the like is used. A sputtering device, a vacuum deposition device, or the like is used as the physical vapor deposition device. As a chemical vapor deposition device, an ALD (Atomic Layer Deposition) device or the like is used. Alternatively, the first layer 51 and the second layer 52 may be alternately formed on the surface of the support 5A using thermal spraying, spin coating, spray coating, dipping, or electroplating.

As shown in FIG. 5, the heating element 5 according to the present embodiment comprises a multilayer film 5B by alternately laminating first layers 51 and second layers 52 on a support 5A. is not limited to this.

Modifications

1 and 2 of the heating element will be described with reference to FIGS. 7 and 8. FIG.

<Modification 1 of Heating Element>
As shown in FIG. 7, the heating element 60 has a support 60A and a multilayer film 60B. Since the structure of the support 60A is the same as that of the support 5A, the description of the support 60A is omitted.

The multilayer film 60B is formed on the support 60A. In addition to the first layer 61 and the second layer 62, the multilayer film 60B further includes a third layer 63 made of a hydrogen absorbing metal, a hydrogen absorbing alloy, or ceramics different from the first layer 61 and the second layer 62. have. The structure of the first layer 61 is the same as that of the first layer 51, and the structure of the second layer 62 is the same as that of the second layer 52, so the description of the first layer 61 and the second layer 62 is omitted. A different material interface 64 is formed between the first layer 61 and the second layer 62 . A different material interface 65 is formed between the first layer 61 and the third layer 63 . Like the foreign substance interface 53, the foreign substance interface 64 and the foreign substance interface 65 are permeable to hydrogen. The heating element 60 generates excess heat as hydrogen permeates the dissimilar material interface 64 and the dissimilar material interface 65 by quantum diffusion or hydrogen diffuses through the dissimilar material interface 64 and the dissimilar material interface 65 .

The multilayer film 60B is formed on the support 60A as a multilayer film structure in which the first layer 61 is provided between the second layer 62 and the third layer 63. In the example shown in FIG. 7, the multilayer film 60B includes a first layer 61, a second layer 62, a first layer 61, and a third layer 63 in this order on one surface (upper end surface in FIG. 7) of a support 60A. alternately stacked. The multilayer film 60B has a different film structure from the example shown in FIG. It may be formed as a multi-layer film structure in which two layers 62 are alternately laminated in this order. The multilayer film 60B is not limited to being formed on one surface of the support 60A (upper surface in FIG. 7), but also on the other surface of the support 60A (lower surface in FIG. 7) or both surfaces of the support 60A ( 7). The numbers of the first layers 61, the second layers 62, and the third layers 63 are arbitrary. The multilayer film 60B may have one or more third layers 63 .

The third layer 63 is, for example, Ni, Pd, Cu, Cr, Fe, Mg, Co, alloys thereof, or SiC, CaO _, _Y2O3 , TiC, _LaB6 , SrO, or BaO. It is composed by The alloy forming the third layer 63 is preferably composed of two or more of Ni, Pd, Cu, Cr, Fe, Mg, and Co. As the alloy forming the third layer 63, Ni, Pd, Cu, Cr, Fe, Mg, Co may be added with an additive element.

In particular, the third layer 63 is preferably made of any _one of CaO _, Y2O3, TiC, _LaB6 , SrO and BaO. The heating element 60 having the third layer 63 made of one of CaO, Y ₂ O ₃ , TiC, LaB ₆ , SrO, and BaO has an increased amount of hydrogen storage, and a foreign substance interface 64 and a foreign substance Since the amount of hydrogen permeating through the interface 65 increases, the output of excess heat generated by the heating element 60 can be increased.

The thickness of the third layer 63 is preferably less than 1000 nm. If the thickness of the third layer 63 is less than 1000 nm, the third layer 63 can maintain a nanostructure without exhibiting bulk properties. In particular, the _third layer ₆₃ made of any _one of CaO, Y2O3, TiC, LaB6, SrO and BaO preferably has a thickness of 10 nm or less. When the thickness of the third layer 63 is 10 nm or less, the multilayer film 60B can easily transmit hydrogen.

The third layer 63 made of one of CaO, Y ₂ O ₃ , TiC, LaB ₆ , SrO, and BaO may be formed like an island instead of being formed like a complete film.

The first layer 61 and the third layer 63 are preferably formed continuously in a vacuum state. As a result, only a different material interface 65 is formed between the first layer 61 and the third layer 63 without forming a natural oxide film.

As a combination of the first layer 61, the second layer 62, and the third layer 63, when the types of elements are expressed as "first layer-third layer-second layer", Pd-CaO-Ni, Pd-Y _2O3 _- Ni, Pd-TiC-Ni, Pd-LaB6 _- Ni, Ni _- CaO _- Cu, Ni-Y2O3-Cu, Ni-TiC-Cu, Ni-LaB6 _- Cu, Ni-Co -Cu, Ni-CaO-Cr, Ni-Y ₂ O ₃ -Cr, Ni-TiC-Cr, Ni-LaB ₆ -Cr, Ni-CaO-Fe, Ni-Y ₂ O ₃ -Fe, Ni-TiC- Fe, Ni—LaB ₆ —Fe, Ni—Cr—Fe, Ni—CaO—Mg, Ni—Y ₂ O ₃ —Mg, Ni—TiC—Mg, Ni—LaB ₆ —Mg, Ni—CaO—Co, Ni -Y ₂ O ₃ -Co, Ni-TiC-Co, Ni-LaB ₆ -Co, Ni-CaO-SiC, Ni-Y ₂ O ₃ -SiC, Ni-TiC-SiC, Ni-LaB ₆ -SiC It is preferable that

<Modification 2 of Heating Element>
As shown in FIG. 8, the heating element 70 has a support 70A and a multilayer film 70B. Since the structure of the support 70A is the same as that of the support 5A, the description of the support 70A is omitted.

The multilayer film 70B is formed on the support 70A. The multilayer film 70B includes, in addition to the first layer 71, the second layer 72, and the third layer 73, a hydrogen storage metal, a hydrogen storage alloy, or a hydrogen storage alloy different from the first layer 71, the second layer 72, and the third layer 73. It further has a fourth layer 74 made of ceramics. The structure of the first layer 71 is the same as that of the first layer 51, the structure of the second layer 72 is the same as that of the second layer 52, and the structure of the third layer 73 is the same as that of the third layer 63. Descriptions of the first layer 71, the second layer 72, and the third layer 73 are omitted. A different material interface 75 is formed between the first layer 71 and the second layer 72 . A different material interface 76 is formed between the first layer 71 and the third layer 73 . A different material interface 77 is formed between the first layer 71 and the fourth layer 74 . Like the foreign substance interface 53, the foreign substance interface 75, the foreign substance interface 76, and the foreign substance interface 77 are permeable to hydrogen. In the heating element 70 , hydrogen permeates the foreign substance interface 75 , the foreign substance interface 76 , and the foreign substance interface 77 by quantum diffusion, or the hydrogen passes through the foreign substance interface 75 , the foreign substance interface 76 , and the foreign substance interface 77 . Diffusion generates excess heat.

The multilayer film 70B has a second layer 72, a third layer 73, and a fourth layer 74 laminated in an arbitrary order, and a first layer 71 between the second layer 72, the third layer 73, and the fourth layer 74, respectively. is formed on the support 70A as a multi-layer film structure provided with . In the example shown in FIG. 8, the multilayer film 70B includes a first layer 71, a second layer 72, a first layer 71, a third layer 73, a first A layer 71 and a fourth layer 74 are alternately laminated in this order. The multilayer film 70B has a different film structure from the example shown in FIG. A multi-layer film structure in which three layers 73, first layers 71, and second layers 72 are alternately laminated in this order may be formed. The multilayer film 70B is not limited to being formed on one surface of the support 70A (upper end surface in FIG. 8), but the other surface of the support 70A (lower end surface in FIG. 8) or both surfaces of the support 70A ( 8). The numbers of the first layer 71, the second layer 72, the third layer 73, and the fourth layer 74 are arbitrary. The multilayer film 70</b>B may have one or more fourth layers 74 and one or more different material interfaces 77 between the first layer 71 and the fourth layer 74 .

The fourth layer 74 is, for example, Ni, Pd, Cu, Cr, Fe, Mg, Co, and alloys thereof, or SiC, CaO, Y ₂ O ₃ , TiC, LaB ₆ , SrO, or BaO. It is composed by The alloy forming the fourth layer 74 is preferably composed of two or more of Ni, Pd, Cu, Cr, Fe, Mg, and Co. As the alloy forming the fourth layer 74, Ni, Pd, Cu, Cr, Fe, Mg, Co may be added with an additive element.

In particular, the fourth layer 74 is preferably made of _one of CaO _, Y2O3, TiC, _LaB6 , SrO and BaO. The heating element 70 having the fourth layer 74 made of one of CaO, Y ₂ O ₃ , TiC, LaB ₆ , SrO, and BaO has an increased amount of hydrogen storage, a Since the amount of hydrogen permeating through the interface 76 and the interface 77 of different substances increases, the output of excess heat generated by the heating element 70 can be increased.

The thickness of the fourth layer 74 is preferably less than 1000 nm. If the thickness of the fourth layer 74 is less than 1000 nm, the fourth layer 74 can maintain a nanostructure without exhibiting bulk properties. In particular, the thickness of the fourth layer 74 made of any one of CaO, Y ₂ O ₃ , TiC, LaB ₆ , SrO and BaO is preferably 10 nm or less. When the thickness of the fourth layer 74 is 10 nm or less, the multilayer film 70B can easily transmit hydrogen.

The fourth layer 74 made of any one of SiC, CaO, Y ₂ O ₃ , TiC, LaB ₆ , SrO, and BaO may be formed like an island instead of being formed like a complete film. good.

The first layer 71 and the fourth layer 74 are preferably formed continuously in a vacuum state. As a result, only a different material interface 77 is formed between the first layer 71 and the fourth layer 74 without forming a natural oxide film.

As for the combination of the first layer 71, the second layer 72, the third layer 73, and the fourth layer 74, if the types of elements are indicated as "first layer-fourth layer-third layer-second layer", Combinations of Ni--CaO--Cr--Fe, Ni--Y ₂ O ₃ --Cr--Fe, Ni--TiC--Cr--Fe and Ni--LaB ₆ --Cr--Fe are preferred.

(Action of heating device)
Next, the operation of the heating device 1 configured as described above will be described.

When the circulation pump 14 is driven by the control signal from the control unit 2, the hydrogen-based gas discharged from the circulation pump 14 flows through the introduction pipe 12 of the hydrogen circulation line L1 and the four branches branched from the introduction pipe 12. It flows through the pipe 15 and is introduced into each first flow path 6 formed in each laminated structure 4 of the heat generating module M1. The pressure fluctuation of the hydrogen-based gas is suppressed by the buffer tank 17 while flowing through the introduction pipe 12, and the pressure is adjusted to a predetermined value by the pressure regulating valve 18.

The electric heater 9 of the heat generating module M1 generates heat by the electric power supplied from the power source 10, and the temperature (for example, 50° C. to 1500° C.) at which the heating element 5 can generate heat through the hydrogen-based gas in the first flow path 6. heat to The temperature of the heating element 5 is adjusted to an appropriate value by controlling the output of the power supply 10 by the control unit 2 based on the temperature detected by the temperature sensor 11 . Here, since the electric heater 9 is provided between the first flow passages 6 facing each other in the two laminated structures 4, the heat of the electric heater 9 is not dissipated to the surroundings by heat radiation from the sealed container 3. . Further, since the electric heater 9 is provided in the central portion of the heat generating module M1, the entire heat generating module M1 is efficiently heated. Therefore, the heating element 5 is efficiently heated to an appropriate temperature, and the power consumption associated with the heating of the heating element 5 can be kept low.

The hydrogen contained in the hydrogen-based gas introduced into each first channel 6 of the heat generating module M1 permeates the heating element 5 and flows into the second channel 7 as described above. The heating element 5 generates heat by permeating hydrogen from the first channel 6 to the second channel 7 .

Permeated gas containing hydrogen (permeated hydrogen) that has permeated each heat generating element 5 of the heat generating module M1 and is used for heat generation by the heat generating element 5 flows out from each second flow path 7 to each branch pipe 16 and is recovered. After merging in the pipe 13 , the gas is sucked into the circulation pump 14 and recovered, and reused as a hydrogen-based gas for supplying hydrogen to each heating element 5 . Thereafter, the same operation is repeated, and hydrogen contained in the hydrogen-based gas is used for heat generation by the heating elements 5 of the heat generating module M1 while the hydrogen-based gas circulates through the hydrogen circulation line L1. As described above, in the present embodiment, the hydrogen-based gas continuously circulates through the hydrogen circulation line L1 forming a closed loop. In addition, since the high-temperature permeated gas containing the permeated hydrogen is recovered and circulated in the hydrogen circulation line L1 to be reused as a hydrogen-based gas that supplies hydrogen to each heating element 5, supercooling of each heating element 5 is suppressed. , the heat generation of each heating element 5 is maintained or accelerated.

The heat medium flowing through each of the third flow paths 8 of the heat generating module M1 is heated by exchanging heat with the high-temperature permeating gas flowing through the two second flow paths 7 arranged on both sides of the third flow path 8. be. Since the heat medium is efficiently heated by taking heat from the high-temperature permeating gas flowing through the two second flow paths 7, the heat recovery efficiency is enhanced. Therefore, the heat generating module M1 has a heat generating function of generating heat by permeating hydrogen through the heat generating element 5, and a heat exchanging function of exchanging heat between the permeated gas containing permeated hydrogen that has permeated the heat generating element 5 and the heat medium. Combines The heat generating device 1 including the heat generating module M1 has a form of integrated heat generation and heat exchange.

The heat medium heated by heat exchange with the high-temperature permeating gas in the second flow path 7 in the course of flowing through each third flow path 8 passes through the branch pipe 31f from each third flow path 8 and joins in the first pipe 31a. After that, it is supplied to the later-described heat utilization device 30 through the first pipe 31a. The heat utilization device 30 uses the heat supplied from the heat medium to perform required work such as power generation. That is, the heat medium heated by the heat generating device 1 is used as a heat source for the heat utilization device 30 . Then, the heat medium whose temperature has been lowered by supplying heat to the heat utilization device 30 is returned to the heat generating module M1 through the fourth pipe 31d, and is heated again in the heat generating module M1. Thereafter, similar operations are continuously repeated to continuously drive the heat utilization device 30 .

As described above, in the heat generating device 1 according to the present embodiment, the second flow path 7, the heating element 5, the first It is provided with a laminated structure 4 configured by sequentially and symmetrically laminating flow paths 6 and an electric heater 9 for heating a heating element 5 . Each laminated structure 4 is configured by laminating a heating element 5, a first channel 6, a second channel 7, and a third channel 8 at high density. Therefore, according to the heat generating device 1 of the present embodiment, heat can be efficiently generated, and the size and size of the device can be reduced.

In the laminated structure 4, the heat generated by the heating element 5 is generated by the heat medium flowing through the third flow path 8 and the high temperature flowing through the second flow paths 7 arranged on both sides of the third flow path 8. is efficiently given to the heat medium by heat exchange with the permeated gas. Therefore, the heat generating device 1 can efficiently recover the heat generated in the heat generating body 5 by the heat medium.

Although the heat generating device 1 includes two laminated structures 4 in this embodiment, it may be provided with one or more laminated structures 4, and a plurality of laminated structures 4 of three or more may be arranged in multiple stages. It may be configured by stacking on. By increasing the number of laminated structures 4, the heat generating device 1 can generate heat more efficiently and achieve higher output.

In this embodiment, the electric heater 9 is configured in a plate shape and provided between the two laminated structures 4. However, for example, it is configured as a cylindrical electric furnace and provided so as to cover the entire heat generating module. Also good.

[Heat utilization system]
FIG. 9 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the heat utilization system 20 according to this embodiment.

As shown in FIG. 9, the heat utilization system 20 includes a heat generating device 1 and a heat utilization device 30. Here, the heat utilization device 30 is an example of a device that generates power using a heat medium heated by heat generated in the heat generating device 1 as a heat source. The heat utilization device 30 includes a heat medium circulation line L<b>2 , a gas turbine 32 , a steam generator 33 , a steam turbine 34 , a Stirling engine 35 and a thermoelectric conversion section 36 . The heat medium circulation line L2, the gas turbine 32, the steam generator 33, the steam turbine 34, the Stirling engine 35, and the thermoelectric conversion section 36 will be described below.

(heat medium circulation line)
The heat medium circulation line L2 constitutes a closed loop for circulating the heat medium among the heat generating module M1, the gas turbine 32, the steam generator 33, the steam turbine 34, the Stirling engine 35, and the thermoelectric conversion section 36 of the heat generating device 1. there is Specifically, the heat medium circulation line L2 includes a first pipe 31a extending from the heat medium recovery port 8d (see FIG. 3) of the third flow path 8 of the heat generating module M1 and connected to the gas turbine 32, A second pipe 31b connecting the turbine 32 and the steam generator 33; a third pipe 31c connecting the steam generator 33 and the Stirling engine 35; and a fourth pipe 31d connected to the heat medium inlet 8c. Here, a circulation pump 37 and a flow control valve 38 are provided in the middle of the first pipe 31a. A metal bellows pump or the like is used as the circulation pump 37 . A variable leak valve or the like is used for the flow control valve 38 . In this embodiment, the heat medium circulation line L2 is two branch pipes that connect the heat medium inlets 8c (see FIG. 3) of the two third flow paths 8 constituting the heat generating module M1 and the fourth pipe 31d. 31e, and two branch pipes 31f connecting the heat medium recovery ports 8d (see FIG. 3) of the two third flow paths 8 constituting the heat generating module M1 and the first pipe 31a.

(gas turbine)
The gas turbine 32 comprises a compressor 32a and a turbine 32b coaxially connected. The gas turbine 32 is driven by a heat medium introduced from the first pipe 31a. A generator 40 is connected to the output shaft of the turbine 32b.

(steam generator)
The steam generator 33 includes an internal pipe 33a connected to the second pipe 31b, a heat exchange pipe 33b facing the internal pipe 33a, and a steam pipe 33c connecting the heat exchange pipe 33b and the inlet of the steam turbine 34. , and a feed water pipe 33 d connecting the heat exchange pipe 33 b and the outlet of the steam turbine 34 . The steam generator 33 heats the boiler water by heat exchange between the heat medium flowing through the internal pipe 33a and the boiler water flowing through the heat exchange pipe 33b to generate high-temperature, high-pressure steam. The water supply pipe 33d is provided with a condenser and a water supply pump (not shown). 33 d of water supply piping cools the steam discharged|emitted from the exit of the steam turbine 34 with a condenser, returns it to boiler water, and returns this boiler water to the heat exchange piping 33b with a water supply pump.

(steam turbine)
The steam turbine 34 is driven by high-pressure steam generated by the steam generator 33 . A generator 50 is connected to the output shaft of the steam turbine 34 .

(Stirling engine)
The Stirling engine 35 includes a cylinder 35a, a displacer piston 35b, a power piston 35c, a flow path 35d, and a crank portion 35e. Here, the inside of the cylinder 35a is divided into an expansion space S1 and a compression space S2 by the displacer piston 35b. A working fluid is enclosed in the expansion space S1 and the compression space S2. As the working fluid, helium gas, hydrogen-based gas, air, or the like is used. In this embodiment, helium gas is used.

The flow path 35d is provided outside the cylinder 35a, and communicates the expansion space S1 and the compression space S2. The flow path 35d allows working fluid to flow between the expansion space S1 and the compression space S2. The flow path 35d includes a high temperature section 35f, a low temperature section 35g, and a regenerator 35h. The working fluid in the expansion space S1 passes through the high temperature section 35f, the regenerator 35h, and the low temperature section 35g in order and flows into the compression space S2. The working fluid in the compression space S2 flows into the expansion space S1 through the low temperature section 35g, the regenerator 35h, and the high temperature section 35f in sequence.

The high temperature section 35f is a heat exchanger for heating the working fluid. A heat transfer tube 35i is provided outside the high temperature portion 35f. The heat transfer pipe 35i connects the third pipe 31c and the fourth pipe 31d, and circulates the heat medium from the third pipe 31c to the fourth pipe 31d. When the heat medium flows from the third pipe 31c to the heat transfer tube 35i, the heat of the heat medium is transferred to the high temperature portion 35f, and the working fluid passing through the high temperature portion 35f is heated.

The low temperature section 35g is a heat exchanger for cooling the working fluid. A cooling pipe 35j is provided outside the low temperature section 35g. The cooling pipe 35j is connected to a cooling medium supply unit (not shown) that supplies a cooling medium such as water, and allows the cooling medium supplied from the cooling medium supply unit to flow. As the cooling medium flows through the cooling pipe 35j, the working fluid passing through the low temperature portion 35g is cooled by the cooling medium taking away heat.

The regenerator 35h is a heat exchanger for heat storage. The regenerator 35h is provided between the high temperature section 35f and the low temperature section 35g. The regenerator 35h receives and accumulates heat from the working fluid that has passed through the high temperature portion 35f when the working fluid moves from the expansion space S1 to the compression space S2. Further, the regenerator 35h gives the accumulated heat to the working fluid that has passed through the low temperature section 35g to heat the working fluid when the working fluid moves from the compression space S2 to the expansion space S1.

The crank portion 35e is provided at the other end of the cylinder 35a, and includes a crankshaft rotatably supported by a crankcase (not shown), a rod connected to the displacer piston 35b, a rod connected to the power piston 35c, and a rod connected to the power piston 35c. A connecting member or the like for connecting the rod and the crankshaft is provided. The crank portion 35e converts the reciprocating linear motion of the displacer piston 35b and the power piston 35c into rotary motion. A generator 80 is connected to the crankshaft of the Stirling engine 35 .

(Thermoelectric conversion part)
The thermoelectric conversion unit 36 converts the heat of the heat medium flowing through the fourth pipe 31d into electric power using the Seebeck effect. The thermoelectric conversion unit 36 converts, for example, heat of a heat medium of 300° C. or less into electric power. The thermoelectric conversion part 36 is formed in a cylindrical shape and arranged so as to cover the outer circumference of the fourth pipe 31d. The thermoelectric conversion section 36 includes a thermoelectric conversion module 36a provided on the inner surface and a cooling section 36b provided on the outer surface. The thermoelectric conversion module 36a is formed by a heat receiving substrate facing the fourth pipe 31d, a heat receiving side electrode provided on the heat receiving substrate, a heat dissipation substrate facing the cooling portion 36b, a heat dissipation side electrode provided on the heat dissipation substrate, and a p-type semiconductor. It includes a p-type thermoelectric element made of an n-type semiconductor, an n-type thermoelectric element made of an n-type semiconductor, and the like. In the present embodiment, the thermoelectric conversion module 36a has p-type thermoelectric elements and n-type thermoelectric elements arranged alternately, and the adjacent p-type thermoelectric elements and n-type thermoelectric elements are electrically connected by the heat-receiving side electrode and the heat-dissipating side electrode. It is connected to the. In the thermoelectric conversion module 36a, leads are electrically connected to a p-type thermoelectric element arranged at one end and an n-type thermoelectric element arranged at the other end through heat radiation side electrodes. The cooling part 36b is configured by, for example, a pipe through which cooling water flows. The thermoelectric conversion unit 36 generates electric power according to the temperature difference generated between the inner surface and the outer surface.

(Action of heat utilization system)
Next, the operation of the heat utilization system 20 configured as described above will be described.

In the heat generating device 1, as described above, the heat generated by the permeation of hydrogen through each heat generating element 5 of the heat generating module M1 is applied to the heat medium flowing through each third flow path 8, and the heat medium reaches a predetermined temperature. heated. Then, when the circulation pump 37 provided in the first pipe 31a of the heat utilization device 30 is driven, the heated heat medium flows through the third flow paths 8 and the branch pipes 31f of the heat generating module M1 that form a closed loop. , the first pipe 31a, the second pipe 31b, the third pipe 31c, the fourth pipe 31d, and each branch pipe 31e. As a result, the gas turbine 32, the steam turbine 34, the Stirling engine 35, and the thermoelectric converter 36 are sequentially driven by receiving the heat supplied from the heat medium to generate the required power. At this time, the flow control valve 38 controls the flow rate of the heat medium based on the temperature detected by the temperature sensor 11 . That is, when the temperature of the heating element 5 detected by the temperature sensor 11 exceeds the appropriate upper limit temperature, the flow control valve 38 increases the circulation flow rate of the heat medium to suppress the temperature rise of the heating element 5 . Further, when the temperature of the heating element 5 detected by the temperature sensor 11 is below the appropriate lower limit temperature, the flow control valve 38 reduces the circulation flow rate of the heat medium to suppress the temperature drop of the heating element 5 .

A high-temperature (for example, 600° C. to 1500° C.) heat medium that is heated by the heat generating module M1 of the heat generating device 1 and flows from each third flow path 8 through each branch pipe 31f to the first pipe 31a is supplied to the gas turbine 32. It is introduced and compressed by the compressor 32 a of the gas turbine 32 . The compressed heat medium expands and flows through the turbine 32b, thereby rotating the turbine 32b and rotating the generator 40 connected to the output shaft of the turbine 32b to generate the required power. That is, part of the heat possessed by the heat medium is converted into kinetic energy of the gas turbine 32 , and this kinetic energy is converted into electrical energy by the generator 40 .

The heat medium discharged from the gas turbine 32 to the second pipe 31b exchanges heat with the boiler water flowing through the heat exchange pipe 33b in the process of flowing through the internal pipe 33a of the steam generator 33, thereby heating the boiler water. do. As a result, high-temperature (300° C. to 700° C.) and high-pressure steam is generated from the boiler water, and this steam is supplied to the steam turbine 34 through the steam pipe 33c. As a result, the steam turbine 34 is rotationally driven by the steam, and the rotation of the steam turbine 34 simultaneously rotationally drives the power generator 50 to generate the required power. That is, part of the heat possessed by the heat medium is converted into kinetic energy of the steam turbine 34 , and this kinetic energy is converted into electrical energy by the generator 50 . The steam whose temperature has been lowered by driving the steam turbine 34 is cooled in a condenser (not shown) and returned to boiler water. This boiler water flows from the feed water pipe 33d to the heat exchange pipe 33b of the steam generator 33, is heated by heat exchange with the heat medium flowing through the internal pipe 33a, and becomes steam again.

The heat medium having a temperature of 300° C. to 1000° C., which is used to generate steam in the course of flowing through the internal pipe 33a of the steam generator 33, is supplied from the internal pipe 33a through the third pipe 31c to the Stirling engine 35. It serves to drive the Stirling engine 35 by its action. As a result, the crankshaft of the Stirling engine 35 is rotationally driven, and the generator 80 connected to the crankshaft is also rotationally driven to generate the required power. That is, part of the heat possessed by the heat medium is converted into kinetic energy of the Stirling engine 35 and this kinetic energy is converted into electrical energy by the generator 80 .

The heat medium used to drive the Stirling engine 35 is supplied to the thermoelectric conversion unit 36 through the fourth pipe 31d, and part of the heat of this heat medium is converted into electric power by the Seebeck effect as described above. That is, part of the heat of the heat medium is converted into electrical energy by the thermoelectric conversion section 36 .

Then, the heat medium whose temperature has been lowered by being used for power generation in the thermoelectric conversion unit 36 is returned from the fourth pipe 31d through each branch pipe 31e to each third flow path 8 of the heat generating module M1. After that, the same action is continuously repeated, the heat generated in the heat generating module M1 is recovered by the heat medium, and the heat energy is converted into electric energy.

In this embodiment, the heat recovered by the heat medium drives the gas turbine 32, the steam turbine 34, and the Stirling engine 35, and the kinetic energy thereof is converted into electric energy by the

generators

40, 50, and 80, and the thermoelectric conversion section 36 directly converts thermal energy into electrical energy, but the heat utilization device 30 may be configured by arbitrarily combining the gas turbine 32, the steam turbine 34, the Stirling engine 35, and the thermoelectric conversion section 36.

Although the heat utilization device 30 that converts thermal energy into electrical energy has been described in the above embodiment, the heat generated by the heat generating device 1 can be used for other purposes other than power generation, such as combustion air supplied to a boiler. Used for preheating, heating of absorption liquid that has absorbed _CO2 by chemical absorption method, heating of raw material gas containing _CO2 and H2 in methane production equipment, heat pump system, heat transport system, cold heat ₍ refrigeration) system, etc. can do.

2. Second Embodiment In the first embodiment, the electric heater 9 is arranged between the two first flow paths 6 facing each other in the two upper and lower laminated structures 4. As shown in 11 , two electric heaters 9 and one third flow path 8 are arranged between two first flow paths 6 facing each other in the two upper and lower laminated structures 4 . The third flow path 8 is arranged in the center of the heat generating module M1 in the vertical direction. Here, a total of two electric heaters 9 are arranged on both sides (upper and lower surfaces) of the third flow path 8 so as to sandwich the third flow path 6 vertically. A fourth pipe 31d is connected via a branch pipe 31e to the inlet side of the third flow path 8 arranged so as to be sandwiched between the two upper and lower electric heaters 9, and the outlet side of the third flow path 8 is connected to the first pipe 31a via a branch pipe 31f.

FIG. 10 is a block diagram showing the basic configuration of a heat generating device 1' according to the second embodiment, and FIG. 11 is an exploded perspective view of a laminated structure 4 according to the second embodiment. The same elements as those shown in FIG. 2 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the repetitive description of the same elements will be omitted.

In the heat generating device 1 according to the first embodiment, the heat medium flowing through the third flow paths 8 of each laminated structure 4 and the permeation of high temperature flowing through the second flow paths 7 arranged on both sides of the third flow paths 8 Through heat exchange with hydrogen, heat generated in each heating element 5 is recovered (extracted) by the heat medium. In this case, it is considered that the heat generated in the heating element 5 is difficult to be transmitted because the pressure in each of the second flow paths 7 is low, and the heat recovery efficiency of the heat medium flowing through the third flow paths 8 is low.

On the other hand, since the first flow path 6 has a high pressure, the heat generated in the heating element 5 is transmitted more easily. In this embodiment, as described above, two electric heaters 9 and one third flow channel 8 are arranged between the two first flow channels 6 facing each other in the upper and lower laminated structures 4. The heat of the heating element 5 is easily transferred to the heat medium flowing through the third flow path 8 arranged between the two second flow paths 6 and located at the center in the vertical direction via the upper and lower first flow paths 6 and the electric heater 9 . Therefore, the heat recovery efficiency of the heat medium flowing through the third flow path 8 in the center in the vertical direction is increased, and as a result, the heat exchange efficiency of the heat generating device 1' that also functions as a heat exchanger is increased.

Ideally, the electric heater 9 is turned on when the heating device 1′ starts up (starting), and is turned off after the heating element 5 generates heat. Alternatively, the amount of heat generated by the electric heater 9 may be adjusted while the electric heater 5 is kept ON. Further, in the present embodiment, the electric heaters 9 are arranged above and below the third flow path 8 in order to balance the heating of each heating element 5. You may arrange|position only to either.

3. Third Embodiment In the first embodiment, permeated gas containing permeated hydrogen that has permeated the heating element 5 is recovered. In the third embodiment, in addition to the permeated gas, hydrogen ( A hydrogen-based gas containing non-permeable hydrogen (hereinafter referred to as non-permeable gas) is recovered.

FIG. 12 is a block diagram showing the basic configuration of the heating device 90 according to the third embodiment. The heat generating device 90 includes a heat generating module M2, a temperature control section T, a hydrogen circulation line L1, a non-permeating hydrogen recovery line L3, a control section 2, and a closed vessel 3. The same reference numerals are assigned to the same configurations as in the first embodiment, and the description thereof will be omitted as appropriate.

The heat generating module M2 includes two laminated structures 94 and one electric heater 9. Each laminated structure 94 includes a heating element 5 that generates heat by occluding and releasing hydrogen, a first flow path 96 into which a hydrogen-based gas containing hydrogen is introduced and that supplies hydrogen to the heating element 5 , the heating element 5 A second flow path 7 through which a permeated gas containing hydrogen (permeated hydrogen) permeated through the second flow path 7 flows; The second flow path 7 , the heating element 5 , and the first flow path 96 are sequentially and symmetrically laminated on both sides of the third flow path 8 in this order from the third flow path 8 . The heat generating module M2 is formed in a quadrangular prism shape in this example.

The heat generating module M2 is configured by stacking two laminated structures 94 vertically in two stages. The lowermost first channel 96 of the upper laminated structure 94 and the uppermost first channel 96 of the lower laminated structure 94 face each other. The electric heater 9 is provided between the two facing first flow paths 96 of the two laminated structures 94 stacked one above the other, that is, the lowermost first flow path 96 of the upper laminated structure 94 and the lower side is provided between the uppermost first channel 96 of the laminated structure 94 and the first channel 96 .

The non-permeating hydrogen recovery line L3 is a hydrogen-based gas introduced into each first flow path 96 in each laminated structure 94 of the heat generating module M2, which does not permeate each heat generating element 5 and generates heat from the heat generating element 5. It is for recovering the non-permeating gas containing non-permeating hydrogen not supplied to the first flow path 96 from the first flow path 96 and returning the recovered non-permeating gas to the first flow path 96 . In FIG. 12, the non-permeable gas containing non-permeable hydrogen that does not permeate the heating element 5 is described as "non-permeable hydrogen".

The non-permeating hydrogen recovery line L3 has a recovery pipe 97 for recovering the non-permeating gas from the first channel 96 provided in the laminated structure 94 of the heat generating module M2. The recovery pipe 97 connects with the recovery pipe 13 that constitutes the hydrogen circulation line L1. The recovery pipe 97 is connected to the recovery pipe 13 on the upstream side (suction side) of the circulation pump 14 in FIG. good.

The recovery pipe 97 has a branch pipe 98 connected to each first flow path 96 provided in each laminated structure 94 of the heat generating module M2. The non-permeating gas in the first flow path 96 is heated by the heating element 5 to a high temperature, recovered to the recovery pipe 97 via the branch pipe 98, and merged with the permeating gas flowing through the recovery pipe 13 constituting the hydrogen circulation line L1. After that, it is again introduced into each first channel 96 from the introduction pipe 12 and the branch pipe 15 and reused as a hydrogen-based gas for supplying hydrogen to the heating element 5 .

The laminated structure 94 has the same configuration as the laminated structure 4 of the first and second embodiments except that the configuration of the first flow path 96 is different. The configuration of the first flow path 96 will be described below.

13 is an exploded perspective view of the laminated structure 94. FIG. As shown in FIG. 13, the first flow path 96 includes a flat plate portion 96a and a wall portion 96b provided on the flat plate portion 96a. The flat plate portion 96a and the wall portion 96b are made of stainless steel, for example. The flat plate portion 96a is formed in a rectangular shape in plan view. The wall portions 96b are provided on two of the four edge portions of the flat plate portion 96a that face each other. In FIG. 13, the wall portions 96b are provided at the left and right edge portions in the X-axis direction among the four edge portions of the flat plate portion 96a. The wall portion 96b forming the lower first flow path 96 protrudes upward in the Z-axis direction, and the wall portion 96b forming the upper first flow path 96 protrudes downward in the Z-axis direction. there is A hydrogen introduction port 96c is provided on the front surface (the left surface in the Y-axis direction) of the first flow passage 96, and a hydrogen recovery port 96d is provided on the back surface of the first flow passage 96 (the right surface in the Y-axis direction). is provided. The hydrogen inlet 96c is connected to the branch pipe 15 (see FIG. 12) of the hydrogen circulation line L1. The hydrogen recovery port 96d is connected to the branch pipe 98 (see FIG. 12) of the non-permeated hydrogen recovery line L3. In FIG. 13, the hydrogen recovery port 96d provided on the back surface of the upper first flow path 96 is hidden behind the plane of the paper.

As described above, the heating device 90 according to the third embodiment has a laminated structure in which the heating element 5, the first channel 96, the second channel 7, and the third channel 8 are laminated at high density. A body 94 is provided. Therefore, according to the heat generating device 90 according to the third embodiment, heat can be efficiently generated in the same manner as the heat generating devices 1 and 1' according to the first and second embodiments, and the heat generating device 90 can be small and compact. can be improved.

In the heating device 90, the hydrogen-based gas continuously circulates through the hydrogen circulation line L1 that constitutes a closed loop. In addition, since the non-permeated hydrogen recovery line L3 is connected to the hydrogen circulation line L1, a high-temperature permeated gas containing permeated hydrogen and a high-temperature non-permeated gas containing non-permeated hydrogen are recovered, and the hydrogen circulation line L1 is recovered. Since it is circulated and reused as a hydrogen-based gas that supplies hydrogen to each heat generating element 5 , overcooling of each heat generating element 5 is suppressed, and heat generation of each heat generating element 5 is maintained or accelerated.

In the laminated structure 94, the heat generated by the heating element 5 passes through the heat medium flowing through the third flow path 8 and the second flow paths 7 arranged on both sides of the third flow path 8. It is efficiently given to the heat medium by heat exchange with the flowing hot permeate gas. Therefore, the heat generating device 90 can efficiently recover the heat generated in the heat generating body 5 by the heat medium.

Since the heat generating device 90 is provided with the electric heater 9 at the central portion of the heat generating module M2, the entire heat generating module M2 is efficiently heated. Therefore, according to the heat generating device 90, the heat generating element 5 is efficiently heated to an appropriate temperature, and the power consumption associated with the heating of the heat generating element 5 can be kept low.

4. Fourth Embodiment In the above two embodiments, the permeated gas is recovered from the second flow path 7, but in the fourth embodiment, the heat medium is introduced into the second flow path, and the permeated gas and the permeated gas are recovered from the second flow path. Recover the heat transfer medium.

FIG. 14 is a block diagram showing the basic configuration of the heating device 100 according to the fourth embodiment. The heat generating device 100 includes a heat generating module M3, a temperature control section T, a hydrogen circulation line L4, a control section 2, and a sealed container 3. The same reference numerals are assigned to the same configurations as those of the first and second embodiments, and the description thereof will be omitted as appropriate.

The heat generating module M3 includes two laminated structures 104 and one electric heater 9. Each laminated structure 104 includes a heat generating element 5 that generates heat by occluding and releasing hydrogen, a first channel 6 into which a hydrogen-based gas containing hydrogen is introduced and that supplies hydrogen to the heat generating element 5, the heat generating element 5 A second flow path 107 through which a permeated gas containing hydrogen (permeated hydrogen) that has permeated the second flow path 107 flows; A second flow path 107 , a heating element 5 , and a first flow path 6 are sequentially and symmetrically stacked on both sides of the third flow path 8 in this order from the third flow path 8 . The heat generating module M3 is formed in a quadrangular prism shape in this example.

The heat generating module M3 is configured by stacking two laminated structures 104 vertically in two stages. The lowermost first channel 6 of the upper laminated structure 104 and the uppermost first channel 6 of the lower laminated structure 104 face each other. The electric heater 9 is provided between the two facing first flow paths 6 of the two laminated structures 104 stacked one above the other, that is, between the lowermost first flow path 6 of the upper laminated structure 104 and the lowermost first flow path 6 . is provided between the uppermost first channel 6 of the laminated structure 104 and the first channel 6 .

In the fourth embodiment, the heat medium circulation line L2 has six branch pipes 31e branched from the fourth pipe 31d. Of the six branch pipes 31e, two branch pipes 31e are connected to the heat medium recovery ports 8d of the two third flow paths 8, and the four branch pipes 31e are connected to the four second flow paths 107. . Therefore, the heat medium flowing through the fourth pipe 31d is introduced into the second flow channel 107 and the third flow channel 8 via each branch pipe 31e. The heat medium introduced into the second flow path 107 is called "first heat medium", and the heat medium introduced into the third flow path 8 is called "second heat medium". Therefore, in the fourth embodiment, the first heat medium is introduced into the second flow path 107, and the first heat medium flows together with the permeated gas containing permeated hydrogen that has permeated the heating element 5. FIG. The second heat medium that exchanges heat with the permeating gas flowing through the second flow path 107 and the first heat medium flows through the third flow path 8 .

The hydrogen circulation line L4 has an introduction pipe 12, a recovery pipe 13, a circulation pump 14, and a hydrogen separator 108 provided in the middle of the recovery pipe 13. The hydrogen separator 108 is for separating the permeated gas recovered from the second flow path 107 to the recovery pipe 13 via the branch pipe 16 and the first heat medium.

The hydrogen separation unit 108 includes a connection pipe 109 branched from the recovery pipe 13 and connected to the fourth pipe 31d of the heat medium circulation line L2, and a hydrogen permeable membrane 110 provided at a connection portion between the recovery pipe 13 and the connection pipe 109. and have. The connection pipe 109 allows the first heat medium that does not permeate the hydrogen permeable membrane 110 to flow into the fourth pipe 31d of the heat medium circulation line L2. The hydrogen permeable membrane 110 is permeable to the permeable gas.

The laminated structure 104 has the same configuration as the laminated structure 4 of the first and second embodiments except that the configuration of the second flow path 107 is different. The configuration of the second channel 107 will be described below.

15 is an exploded perspective view of the laminated structure 104. FIG. As shown in FIG. 15, the second flow path 107 includes a flat plate portion 107a and a wall portion 107b provided on the flat plate portion 107a. The flat plate portion 107a and the wall portion 107b are made of, for example, stainless steel. The flat plate portion 107a is formed in a rectangular shape in plan view. The wall portions 107b are provided at two edge portions facing each other among the four edge portions of the flat plate portion 107a. In FIG. 15, the wall portions 107b are provided at the left and right edge portions in the X-axis direction among the four edge portions of the flat plate portion 107a. The wall portion 107b forming the lower second flow path 107 protrudes downward in the Z-axis direction, and the wall portion 107b forming the upper second flow path 107 protrudes upward in the Z-axis direction. there is A heat medium inlet 107c is provided on the front surface of the second flow path 107 (the left surface in the Y-axis direction), and hydrogen and heat are provided on the back surface of the second flow path 107 (the right surface in the Y-axis direction). A medium recovery port 107d is provided. The heat medium inlet 107c is connected to the branch pipe 31e (see FIG. 12) of the heat medium circulation line L2. The hydrogen and heat medium recovery port 107d is connected to the branch pipe 16 of the hydrogen circulation line L4 (see FIG. 14). In FIG. 15, the hydrogen and heat medium recovery port 107d provided on the back surface of the second flow path 107 on the lower side is hidden behind the plane of the paper.

As described above, the heating device 100 according to the fourth embodiment has a laminated structure in which the heating element 5, the first channel 6, the second channel 107, and the third channel 8 are laminated at high density. It has a body 104 . Therefore, according to the heat generating device 100 according to the fourth embodiment, heat can be efficiently generated and the size and size can be reduced, as with the heat generating device 1 according to the first embodiment. .

In the heat generating device 100, the hydrogen-based gas continuously circulates through the hydrogen circulation line L4 that constitutes a closed loop.

In the laminated structure 104, the heat generated by the heating element 5 is transferred to the second heat medium flowing through the third flow path 8 and the second flow paths arranged on both sides of the third flow path 8. The heat exchange between the high-temperature permeating gas flowing through 107 and the high-temperature first heat medium is efficiently provided to the second heat medium. Therefore, the heat generating device 100 can efficiently recover the heat generated in the heat generating body 5 by the heat medium.

The application of the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, and various modifications are possible within the scope of the technical ideas described in the claims, the specification and the drawings. is.

The heat generating modules M1, M2, and M3 according to each of the above embodiments are formed in a quadrangular prism shape, but the shape of the heat generating modules is not limited to this. The heat generating module may be formed in, for example, a polygonal columnar shape other than a square columnar shape, a cylindrical columnar shape, or an elliptical columnar shape.

The heat generation module has a direction in which the hydrogen-based gas is introduced into the first flow path, a direction in which the permeated gas flows out from the second flow path, a direction in which the heat medium is introduced into the third flow path, and a direction in which heat is introduced from the third flow path. It is preferable that the directions in which the media flow out are different from each other. As a result, the pipes connected to the first flow path, the second flow path, and the third flow path can be separated from each other, and the piping to the heat generating module can be facilitated. A heat generating module configured such that each direction is different from each other will be described below.

<Modification 1 of heat generation module>
As shown in FIG. 16, in the heat generating module M4, similar to the heat generating module M1 of the first embodiment, the hydrogen-based gas is introduced into the first flow path, and the permeated gas containing the permeated hydrogen that has permeated the heating element is the second gas. It is configured to flow out from the second channel and introduce the heat medium into the third channel. The heat generating module M4 is formed in the shape of an octagonal prism, and the hydrogen-based gas in the first flow path and the hydrogen-based gas in the first flow path flow in different directions orthogonal to three different sets of sides of the octagonal prism. The permeating gas flows through the two passages and the heat medium flows through the third passage. In this way, the heat generating module M4 has a direction in which the hydrogen-based gas is introduced into the first flow path, a direction in which the permeating gas flows out from the second flow path, a direction in which the heat medium is introduced into the third flow path, and a direction in which the heat medium is introduced into the third flow path. The directions in which the heat medium flows out from the three flow paths are different from each other.

<Modification 2 of heat generation module>
As shown in FIG. 17, in the heat generating module M5, similar to the heat generating module M2 of the third embodiment, the hydrogen-based gas is introduced into the first flow path, and the permeated gas containing the permeated hydrogen that has permeated the heating element is the second gas. Non-permeable gas containing non-permeable hydrogen that has flowed out of the second flow path and has not permeated the heating element flows out of the first flow path, and is configured to introduce the heat medium into the third flow path. In the heat generating module M5, the hydrogen-based gas and the non-permeating gas in the first flow path and the non-permeating gas in the second flow path flow in different directions orthogonal to three different sets of sides, each pair of sides of the octagonal prism facing each other. The permeated gas and the heat medium in the third passage flow. In this way, the heat generating module M5 has a direction in which the hydrogen-based gas is introduced into the first channel, a direction in which the non-permeating gas flows out from the first channel, a direction in which the permeating gas flows out from the second channel, A direction in which the heat medium is introduced into the third flow path is different from a direction in which the heat medium flows out from the third flow path.

<Modification 3 of heat generation module>
As shown in FIG. 18, the heat generating module M6 introduces the hydrogen-based gas into the first channel, the first heat medium into the second channel, and It is configured such that the permeated gas containing permeated hydrogen that has permeated the heating element and the first heat medium flow out from the second flow path, and the second heat medium is introduced into the third flow path. The heat generating module M6 is configured such that the hydrogen-based gas in the first flow path, the permeated gas in the second flow path, and the permeated gas in the second The first heat medium and the second heat medium in the third passage flow. In this way, the heat generating module M6 has a direction in which the hydrogen-based gas is introduced into the first channel, a direction in which the first heat medium is introduced into the second channel, and a permeating gas and the first heat medium from the second channel. The direction in which the heat medium flows out, the direction in which the heat medium is introduced into the third flow path, and the direction in which the heat medium flows out from the third flow path are different from each other.

Although not shown, the heat generation module introduces a hydrogen-based gas into the first flow path, introduces the first heat medium into the second flow path, and the permeated gas containing hydrogen permeated through the heating element and the first heat medium are The non-permeable gas containing non-permeable hydrogen that has flowed out of the second flow path and has not permeated the heating element may flow out of the first flow path, and the second heat medium may be introduced into the third flow path. good.

1, 1', 90, 100

heating device

4, 94, 104

laminated structure

5, 60, 70

heating element

5A, 60A,

70A support

5B, 60B,

70B multilayer film

51, 61, 71

first layer

52, 62 , 72

second layer

6, 96

first channel

7, 107 second channel 8 third channel 9 electric heater (heating means)
30

Heat utilization device

63, 73 Third layer 74 Fourth layer L1, L4 Hydrogen circulation line L2 Heat medium circulation line L3 Non-permeable hydrogen recovery line M1, M2, M3, M4, M5, M6 Heat generation module T Temperature control unit

Claims

a heating element that generates heat by occluding and releasing hydrogen; a first channel into which the hydrogen-containing hydrogen-based gas is introduced and that supplies the hydrogen to the heating element; and the hydrogen that has permeated the heating element. a second flow path through which a permeating gas flows; and a third flow path through which a heat medium that exchanges heat with the permeating gas flowing through the second flow path flows, both sides of the third flow path a laminated structure configured by symmetrically laminating the second flow path, the heating element, and the first flow path in order from the third flow path;
heating means for heating the heating element;
A heat generating device comprising:
The heat generating device according to claim 1, wherein a heat generating module is configured by stacking a plurality of said laminated structures in multiple stages.
3. The heat generating device according to claim 2, wherein the heating means is arranged between the two facing first flow paths of the two adjacent laminated structures of the heat generating module.
The heat generating device according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the heating means and the third flow path are arranged between the two facing first flow paths of the two adjacent laminated structures of the heat generating module.
The heat generating device according to claim 4, wherein the heating means are arranged on both sides of the third flow path.
The heat generation module has a direction in which the hydrogen-based gas is introduced into the first flow path, a direction in which the permeated gas flows out from the second flow path, and a direction in which the heat medium is introduced into the third flow path. 6. The heat generating device according to any one of claims 2 to 5, wherein directions in which the heat medium flows out from the third flow path are different from each other.
The heating device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the heating means is an electric heater composed of a flat plate-shaped base and a heating wire or ribbon-shaped surface heater provided on the base.