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WO2022252507A1 - 用于近眼显示的反射光谱成像系统 - Google Patents

用于近眼显示的反射光谱成像系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022252507A1
WO2022252507A1 PCT/CN2021/132016 CN2021132016W WO2022252507A1 WO 2022252507 A1 WO2022252507 A1 WO 2022252507A1 CN 2021132016 W CN2021132016 W CN 2021132016W WO 2022252507 A1 WO2022252507 A1 WO 2022252507A1
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optical
reflection
film
eye display
optical lens
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PCT/CN2021/132016
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English (en)
French (fr)
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李湘裔
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李湘裔
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Publication of WO2022252507A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022252507A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G02B27/017—Head mounted
    • G02B27/0172—Head mounted characterised by optical features
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B1/00—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements
    • G02B1/10—Optical coatings produced by application to, or surface treatment of, optical elements
    • G02B1/11—Anti-reflection coatings
    • G02B1/113—Anti-reflection coatings using inorganic layer materials only
    • G02B1/115—Multilayers

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of optical technology, in particular to a reflection spectrum imaging system for near-eye display.
  • near-eye display device In the application of virtual reality (VR) technology, augmented reality (AR) technology, and mixed reality (MR) technology, all involve imaging information through the retina of the human eye to form a virtual image or a simulation scene close to reality in the air, so that the application
  • the near-eye display device achieves a good effect of fusion of presence, multi-perception and user interaction.
  • its main technical path is to use near-eye display technology, in which the optical system and optical lenses that constitute the near-eye imaging display affect and determine Focus on the complexity of the optical system structure of the near-eye display device, the quality of the imaging display, the physiological adaptability to the user, and the comprehensive effect of the actual experience.
  • imaging The structure of the display system and lens is complicated, the adaptability to the human eye is not strong, and a vision correction device is required separately, the efficiency of light energy utilization is low, the quality of imaging display is difficult to meet the design requirements, the user experience is not good, and the processing technology is complex and large-scale manufacturing Difficulty, high manufacturing costs, etc. have hindered the large-scale manufacturing and market promotion of related technologies and products, making it difficult for them to be popularized and applied quickly.
  • the new near-eye display imaging system and optical lenses are mainly Design and development around optical waveguide technology (including geometric optical waveguide, diffractive optical waveguide, holographic optical waveguide, etc.), free-form surface prism technology, free-form surface micro-nano optical superstructure surface technology, etc.
  • optical waveguide technology including geometric optical waveguide, diffractive optical waveguide, holographic optical waveguide, etc.
  • free-form surface prism technology free-form surface micro-nano optical superstructure surface technology, etc.
  • the optical waveguide lens is considered to be the key development direction of the future AR near-eye display technology due to its light and thin shape structure and high light transmittance, such as the geometric optical waveguide of Israel Lumus Arrays, "Waveguide Components and Near-Eye Display Devices" of China Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. (application number 201910212609.8), etc., diffractive optical waveguides such as the optical waveguide patent of Microsoft's HoloLens (US9372347), and the optical waveguide patent (US2018/0052277) published by Magic Leap ) and so on are surface relief grating waveguides based on lithography technology and holographic optical waveguides based on holographic technology.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to adopt a near-eye display reflection spectrum imaging system different from the prior art, which integrates reflection spectrum imaging, vision correction and good transparency with only one lens.
  • the function replaces the functions that can only be realized by multi-sheet or multi-layer glued structures or other complex surface morphology structures in the prior art, and can greatly simplify the structural design of the prior art.
  • the technical solution adopted by the present invention is a reflection spectrum imaging system for near-eye display, which is characterized in that it is composed of an image projection unit (100) and an optical lens (200) with optical film reflection spectrum imaging function.
  • the image projection unit (100) is red ( ⁇ R ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ R ) / green ( ⁇ G ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ G ) / blue ( ⁇ B ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ B ) / or more monochromatic yellow ( ⁇ Y ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ Y ) LED, laser, OLED lighting, display, imaging optical projection system, or although it does not contain the narrow-band spectral characteristics of monochromatic light source lighting, display, and imaging, the image with the same effect is produced by adding a narrow-band filter method
  • the inner surface of the optical lens (200) has an optical surface matching the image projection unit (100) and is provided with an optical film (201) with reflection spectrum imaging function, and the outer surface is matched with the inner surface It constitutes an optical surface with
  • the optical lens (200) is made of optical glass or optical plastic transparent material through grinding and polishing or molding and injection molding, and the optical film (201) and optical anti-reflection film (202) are coated by optical coating technology .
  • the optical lens (200) is composed of the optical film (201) combined with a material with photochromic or electrochromic function or a color filter lens with reduced light transmittance, and the optical lens (200 ) can improve the contrast and clarity of the imaging display used outdoors or in strong light environments.
  • optical film (201) can be plated on other transparent film substrates and pasted on the inner surface of the optical lens (200) or glued between two lenses as an interlayer.
  • the film structure of the optical film (201) is composed of SUB (substrate)/N M 92nm/N L 64nm/N M 50nm/N L 20nm/N H 18nm/ N L 184nm /N H 112nm/N L 42nm/N H 19nm/N L 30nm/N H 139nm/N H 38nm/N H 106nm/N L 27nm/N H 107nm/N L 56nm/N H 23nm/N M 44nm/N H 89nm/N M 187nm/ N H 66nm/N M 151nm/N H 32nm/N M 34nm/N H 86nm/N L 134nm/N M 78nm/N H 40nm/N M 113nm/N L 12nm/ N M 170nm /N L 48nm/N M 28nm/N L 39nm/N H 83nm/N L 36nm
  • the film structure of the optical anti-reflection coating (202) is composed of SUB (substrate)/N M 22nm/N L 27nm/N H 109nm/N L 86nm/AIR (air), wherein N H , N M , N L , respectively high, medium and low refractive index dielectric materials with a refractive index of 2.15-2.35, 1.85-2.05, 1.35-1.46.
  • the difference between the present invention and the existing published patents and reports is that it adopts a completely different optical film reflection spectrum imaging system and near-eye display optical lens, and the optical lens integrates reflection spectrum imaging, vision correction and good transparency, etc.
  • a variety of functions, one piece replaces the functions that can only be realized by multi-piece or multi-layer glued structures or other complex surface morphology structures in the prior art.
  • the uniqueness of the present invention is manifested in: for example, compared with the optical waveguide technology, the optical film reflection spectrum imaging method is used to replace the optical waveguide structure, which requires optical coupling in and out of the waveguide and transmission process, which improves the efficiency of light energy utilization, and not only eliminates the optical waveguide
  • the "rainbow" phenomenon and halo produced by the dispersion effect of the optical lens expand the field of view and imaging quality of the near-eye display.
  • the super-structured surface reflective grating technology overcomes the outstanding problems of low diffraction efficiency of reflective gratings, complicated surface processing technology, careful protection from dirt, limited service life, and low technology maturity.
  • the optical lens of the present invention adopts transparent materials such as optical glass or optical plastics to be manufactured by methods such as grinding and polishing or molding, injection molding, and the optical film and broadband anti-reflection optical anti-reflection film on its surface adopt optical coating technology methods such as physical vapor deposition. , chemical vapor deposition method, etc., not only the required raw materials are easy to obtain, but also the related process technology and equipment for large-scale manufacturing have a mature industrialization plan, which is significantly different from the processing technology required by the disclosed prior art related lenses.
  • the large-scale production maturity, reliability, high yield rate and low cost controllability can realize rapid application and promotion.
  • Fig. 1 is a structural representation of the present invention
  • Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of the spectral curve of the optical thin film of the present invention.
  • Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of the spectral curve of the broadband anti-reflection optical anti-reflection coating of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an existing optical waveguide technology
  • Fig. 5 is the structural schematic diagram of existing free-form surface prism technology
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the existing free-form surface nanostructure surface technology.
  • the optical waveguide imaging display solution in the prior art the light output by the image projection system is optically coupled and transmitted through the glued laminated film prism or reflection/transmission diffraction grating, etc., and the light enters and exits the waveguide and transmits
  • the process of imaging to the retina of the human eye requires multiple reflections, which not only results in a large loss of light energy and low light efficiency utilization, but also makes it difficult to eliminate the "rainbow" phenomenon and halos caused by its inherent dispersion effect, and the parallel plate structure is similar to that of the human eye.
  • the poor adaptability of the technical solution makes the practical experience effect of the technical solution not good.
  • the light output by the image projection system is imported into the retina of the human eye after multiple reflections through its special morphological structure.
  • the optical thickness of the lens is too thick to make it thinner, and the viewing angle of the imaging display is affected.
  • Limitation, the dispersion effect of the prism it is difficult to adapt to the physiological structure of the human eye and so on.
  • Figure 6 shows the free-form surface micro-nano superstructure surface technology.
  • the reflective grating formed by the micro-nano superstructure array on the surface of the lens reflects the projected light to the retina of the human eye for imaging.
  • the free-form surface nano-superstructure surface grating The design and manufacture are relatively complicated, the technology maturity is not high, the manufacturing cost is relatively high, and the use requires very careful protection. There are strict requirements on the use environment and use methods, and the practical promotion is limited at this stage.
  • Figure 1 shows the reflection spectrum imaging system for near-eye display of the present invention, which is composed of an image projection unit 100 and an optical lens 200 with reflection spectrum imaging function, wherein the optical lens 200 integrates reflection spectrum imaging, vision correction and both Good transparency and other functions, a single lens replaces the functions that the prior art requires multiple or multi-layer glued structures or other complex surface morphology structures to achieve.
  • the light output by the image projection unit 100 is reflected by the surface of the lens once.
  • the retinal imaging of the human eye is introduced, and an enlarged virtual image is formed in front of the human eye to realize the purpose of near-eye display, which greatly simplifies the complex structure of the prior art.
  • the image projection unit 100 is an optical projection system including red (632nm ⁇ 10nm)/green (520nm ⁇ 10nm)/blue (450nm ⁇ 10nm) LED, laser, OLED and other lighting, display and imaging optical projection systems with narrow-band spectral characteristics, or Although it does not contain the narrow-band spectral characteristics of monochromatic light source illumination, display, and imaging, it is an image optical projection system that produces the same effect by adding narrow-band filters and other methods.
  • the optical lens 200 is made of transparent materials such as optical glass or optical plastic through grinding, polishing, molding, injection molding, etc.
  • the surface design of the inner surface matches the image projection unit 100, and has the ability to reflect the light output by the image projection unit 100 to the
  • the curved surface of the retina of the human eye is plated with an optical film 201 with reflective spectrum imaging function, and the outer surface matches the first surface to form an optical surface with vision correction function (diopter is flat light, myopia, hyperopia or astigmatism) and plated
  • vision correction function diopter is flat light, myopia, hyperopia or astigmatism
  • the optical film 201 is within the range of 400nm-760nm of the visible light spectrum, and has both the red (632nm ⁇ 10nm)/green (520nm ⁇ 10nm)/blue (450nm ⁇ 10nm) characteristic spectrum output by the image projection unit 100
  • the matched narrow-band spectrum has high reflectance characteristics, and has the characteristics of high transmission to the rest of the spectrum bands.
  • the red ( ⁇ R ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ R )/green ( ⁇ G ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ G ) of the optical film (201) )/blue ( ⁇ B ⁇ ⁇ B )/or more monochrome such as yellow ( ⁇ Y ⁇ ⁇ Y ) narrow-band spectral reflection characteristics are designed according to the corresponding S polarization state or P polarization state or other polarization states.
  • optical lens 200 that has been ground and polished or injection molded is transported to the magnetron sputtering vacuum coating equipment, and the film is deposited after reaching the coating conditions.
  • the system structure is SUB (substrate)/N M 92nm/N L 64nm/N M 50nm/N L 20nm/N H 18nm/N L 184nm/N H 112nm/N L 42nm/N H 19nm/ N L 30nm /N H 139nm/N L 38nm/N H 106nm/N L 27nm/N H 107nm/N L 56nm/N H 23nm/N M 44nm/N H 89nm/N M 187nm/ N H 66nm /N M 151nm/N H 32nm/ N M 34nm/N H 86nm/N L 134nm/N M 78nm/N H 40nm/N M 113nm/N L 12nm /N M 170nm/N L 48nm/N M 28nm/ N L 39nm /N H 83nm/N L 36nm/N H 112n
  • a specific embodiment of the optical anti-reflection film 202 is coated by magnetron sputtering coating method, and the film structure is SUB (substrate)/N M 22nm/N L 27nm/N H 109nm/N L 86nm/AIR (air) , the total thickness of the film layer is 0.244 ⁇ , where N H , N M , and N L are high, medium, and low refractive index dielectric materials with a refractive index of 2.15-2.35, 1.85-2.05, and 1.35-1.46, respectively.
  • N H , N M , and N L are high, medium, and low refractive index dielectric materials with a refractive index of 2.35, 2.05, and 1.46 for the sputtered film material, respectively, achieving an average reflectance of less than 0.5% in the visible light spectrum range ,
  • the broadband anti-reflection effect with an average transmittance greater than 99.5% effectively reduces the reflected stray light on the outer surface of the optical lens 200 and the overall light transmittance, and improves the imaging quality of the near-eye display.
  • the spectral characteristic curve is shown in Figure 3.
  • the above-mentioned functional optical films composed of TiO2, Al2O3, SiO2, etc. have strong scratch resistance and good environmental resistance.
  • no special protection can be used for a long life;
  • the optical lens 200 of the present invention not only has the function of narrow-band spectral reflection imaging, but also has good transparency and vision correction functions. It has a lens that replaces the prior art and requires multiple or multi-layer glued structures or other complex surface morphology structures. functions that can be realized.
  • the above-mentioned image projection unit 100 is installed on the side of the optical lens 200, and the output image light can be directly projected to the inner surface of the optical lens 200, reflected by the optical film 201 to the retina of the human eye for imaging, and forms an enlarged virtual image in front of the human eye to achieve near-eye display purpose, as shown in Figure 1.

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Abstract

本发明公开了光学技术领域的一种用于近眼显示的反射光谱成像系统，由影像投射单元(100)与具有反射光谱成像功能的光学镜片(200)组合而成，所述影像投射单元(100)为包含红(R)/绿(G)/蓝(G)等单色窄带光谱特征的影像源投射光学系统，所述光学镜片(200)具有与影像投射单元(100)相匹配的光学反射面型并镀制有窄带光谱反射成像功能的光学薄膜(201)，影像投射单元(100)所输出的影像光线可直接投射至光学镜片(200)的内表面，被光学薄膜(201)反射至人眼视网膜成像并在人眼前方形成放大的虚像实现近眼显示的目的。具有与人眼适配性好、成像质量高、显示清晰度高、透视性能优良、可轻薄化小型化设计、易于实现工业化规模生产。

Description

用于近眼显示的反射光谱成像系统 技术领域
本发明属于光学技术领域，具体涉及用于近眼显示的反射光谱成像系统。
背景技术
自1965年Ivan Sutherland发表论文“终极的显示”(Ultimate Display)以来，虚拟现实(VR)技术从概念到理论不断完善并推动着在军事、航空航天、影音娱乐、教育、工业设计、医学等领域的应用，其存在性、多感知性、交互性等特征得到越来越多人的喜爱与认可，各行各业的需求日益增长。随着计算机技术、电子信息技术、仿真技术等科学技术的发展进步，虚拟现实(VR)技术与增强现实(AR)技术、混合现实(MR)技术取长补短竞相发展，在相关领域的应用研究异常活跃并发展迅速，取得了巨大进步，应用场景日益广泛，显现出了广阔和美好的发展前景。
在虚拟现实(VR)技术、增强现实(AR)技术、混合现实(MR)技术的应用中，均涉及将影像信息通过人眼视网膜成像后在空中形成虚拟影像或逼近现实的仿真场景，使应用的近眼显示设备达到存在性、多感知性和使用者交互性融合的良好效果，为实现这一目的其主要技术路径是采用近眼显示技术，其中构成近眼成像显示的光学系统与光学镜片影响并决定着近眼显示设备光学系统结构的复杂程度、成像显示的质量高低、与使用者的生理适配性和实际体验的综合效果等。为使近眼显示设备达到最佳效果，人们研究开发出了诸多结构形态的近眼显示光学系统和光学镜片并已应用在相关产品上，但迄今为止现有技术依然存在以下较为突出的共性问题：成像显示系统与镜片结构复杂、与人眼适配性不强需要另行配置视力矫正装置、光能利用效率较低、成像显示的质量难以达到设计要求、用户体验感不佳、加工工艺复杂规模化制造难度大、制造成本较高等，导致相关技术、产品规模化制造与市场化推广受阻，使其难以得到快速普及应用。
早期的近眼显示成像光学系统与镜片主要采用多片式结构组合而成，该类结构虽然可以实现近眼显示的效果，但由于光学镜片结构相对复杂且光学厚度较厚、重量较重，与人眼适配性较差，佩戴时间稍长就出现眩晕、恶心等不适的生理反应而逐步被新型结构所取代。为解决上述问题并实现近眼显示系统的轻薄化，人们研究开发出了多种结构形态的近眼显示光学系统与镜片，据已公开的相 关专利与信息报道，新型的近眼显示成像系统与光学镜片主要围绕光波导技术(包括几何光波导、衍射光波导、全息光波导等)、自由曲面棱镜技术、自由曲面型微纳光学超结构表面技术等进行设计开发，其中部分专利技术已实现了商品化并推向了市场应用，促进了近眼显示技术的发展进步，但上述现有技术依然存在各种不足使其难以满足相关技术发展的要求。以具有代表性的光波导成像显示技术为例，光波导镜片因具有轻薄的形状结构和较高的透光率而被认为是未来AR近眼显示技术的重点发展方向，如以色列Lumus的几何光波导阵列、中国华为技术有限公司的“波导组件和近眼显示设备”(申请号201910212609.8)等，衍射光波导如美国Microsoft的HoloLens的光波导专利(US9372347)、Magic Leap公布的光波导专利(US2018/0052277)等都是基于光刻技术的表面浮雕光栅波导和基于全息技术的全息光波导，其技术路径主要围绕平面光波导来处理近眼显示系统的光学问题，光线都是从一个圆形的耦入区域耦入，而后分配给扇形的扩展出瞳区域，最终由方形的耦出区域耦出到人眼中，光波导结构的近眼显示光学系统与光学镜片虽然轻薄化效果较好，但还存在以下不足：由于光在耦合进出波导及传输的过程中都会产生光能损失使成像显示的光能利用率低、衍射光波导存在难以消除的衍射色散效应导致图像产生“彩虹”现象和光晕、光波导镜片一般为平行平板结构难以制造与人眼相适配的曲面镜片、光波导镜片加工工艺较为复杂导致良率低成本高等；采用自由曲面棱镜结构虽然实现了单个镜片的近眼显示成像效果，但存在难以实现轻薄化、具有棱镜色散效应、与人眼适配性不强等明显不足；自由曲面型微纳光学超结构表面的新型技术如美国罗切斯特大学(ROCHESTER)申请的专利“用于虚拟和增强现实近眼显示器的自由曲面型纳米结构表面”(专利申请号201680028406，授权公告号CN107771297B，授权公告日2021.04.06)主要采用合并器、副镜、以及具有自由曲面型纳米结构波导，其权利要求书所述的28条权利要求均是围绕纳米结构表面即具有多个超原子、不同长宽比的单元格限定的超光栅结构，其本质是利用了反射式光栅的技术原理，其纳米结构表面虽然可实现镜片的轻薄化，但涉及的加工技术与工艺较为复杂，且纳米结构表面的超光栅需要极为仔细的保护，否则其表面精细的纳米结构不仅容易被划伤且稍沾有脏污将影响成像显示效果，技术成熟度尚需时日。
发明内容
为解决现有技术存在的不足，本发明的目的在于采用一种不同于现有技术的近眼显示反射光谱成像系统，只用一片镜片就集成了反射光谱成像、视力矫正与兼顾良好透明性多种功能，替代了现有技术需要多片或多层胶合结构或其他复杂的表面形态结构才能实现的功能，可大大简化现有技术的结构设计。具有与人眼适配性好、成像质量高、显示清晰度高、透视性能优良、可轻薄化小型化设计、易于实现工业化规模生产且制造成本相对较低特点，可广泛应用在虚拟现实(VR)、增强现实(AR)、混合现实(MR)等应用场景的智能眼镜及其他形态的近眼显示设备与小型化投影显示设备上，对加快推动相关技术的发展进步与应用推广具有较为现实的意义。
为实现上述目的，本发明采用的技术方案：用于近眼显示的反射光谱成像系统，其特征在于：由影像投射单元(100)与具有光学薄膜反射光谱成像功能的光学镜片(200)组合而成；所述影像投射单元(100)为包含窄带光谱特征的红(λ R±δ λR)/绿(λ G±δ λG)/蓝(λ B±δ λB)/或更多单色黄色(λ Y±δ λY)的LED、激光、OLED照明、显示、成像的光学投影系统，或虽不含单色光源照明、显示、成像的窄带光谱特征而附加有窄带滤光片方法产生相同效果的影像光学投射系统；所述光学镜片(200)的内表面具有与影像投射单元(100)相匹配的光学面型并设有反射光谱成像功能的光学薄膜(201)，外表面为与内表面相匹配构成具有屈光度为平光、近视、远视或散光的视力矫正功能的光学面型并设有可见光光谱范围内的宽带消反光光学增透膜(202)，光学薄膜(201)为在可见光光谱400nm-760nm范围内，具有与影像投射单元(100)输出的红(λ R±δ λR)/绿(λ G±δ λG)/蓝(λ B±δ λB)/或更多单色如黄色(λ Y±δ λY)的特征光谱相匹配的窄带光谱高反射特性，又具有对其余光谱波段高透射的特性；光学增透膜(202)可提升光学镜片的整体透光率、有效消除光学镜片外表面反射杂光干扰提升近眼显示的成像质量；上述影像投射单元(100)安装在光学镜片(200)的侧面，所输出的影像光线可直接投射至光学镜片(200)的内表面被光学薄膜(201)反射至人眼视网膜成像并人眼的前方形成放大的虚像实现近眼显示的目的。
进一步地，所述光学镜片(200)采用光学玻璃或光学塑料透明材料通过研磨抛光或模压、注塑方法制造，所述光学薄膜(201)、光学增透膜(202)采 用光学镀膜技术方法镀制。
进一步地，所述影像投射单元(100)输出的光线为偏振光时，所述光学薄膜(201)的红(λ R±δ λR)/绿(λ G±δ λG)/蓝(λ B±δ λB)/或更多单色如黄色(λ Y±δ λY)的窄带光谱反射特性按相应的偏振态设计。
进一步地，所述光学镜片(200)由所述光学薄膜(201)与具有光致变色、电致变色功能的材料或与具有降低透光率的滤色镜片相结合构成，所述光学镜片(200)可提高在室外或强光环境下使用的成像显示对比度与清晰度。
进一步地，所述光学薄膜(201)可以镀制在其他透明薄膜基材上再粘贴在光学镜片(200)的内表面或作为夹层胶合在两个镜片中间。
进一步地，所述光学薄膜(201)其膜系结构由SUB(基底)/N M92nm/N L64nm/N M 50nm/N L 20nm/N H18nm/N L 184nm/N H 112nm/N L 42nm/N H 19nm/N L 30nm/N H 139nm/N L 38nm/N H 106nm/N L 27nm/N H 107nm/N L 56nm/N H 23nm/N M 44nm/N H 89nm/N M 187nm/N H 66nm/N M 151nm/N H 32nm/N M 34nm/N H 86nm/N L134nm/N M 78nm/N H 40nm/N M 113nm/N L 12nm/N M 170nm/N L 48nm/N M 28nm/N L 39nm/N H 83nm/N L 36nm/N H 112nm/N L 22nm/N H 23nm/N M 48nm/N H 105nm/N M 150nm/N H 81nm/N M 39nm/AIR(空气)组成，其中N H、N M、N L、分别为折射率在2.00-2.55、1.60-1.85、1.35-1.48范围内的高、中、低折射率介质材料，上述膜系结构每一层膜的厚度可在±10％范围内调整。
所述光学增透膜(202)的膜系结构为SUB(基底)/N M22nm/N L27nm/N H 109nm/N L 86nm/AIR(空气)组成，其中N H、N M、N L、分别为折射率在2.15-2.35、1.85-2.05、1.35-1.46的高、中、低折射率介质材料。
采用上述技术方案的有益效果：
本发明与现有已公开的专利和报道的不同之处在于：采用了完全不同的光学薄膜反射光谱成像系统与近眼显示光学镜片，光学镜片集成了反射光谱成像、视力矫正与兼顾良好透明性等多种功能，一片就替代了现有技术需要多片或多层胶合结构或其他复杂的表面形态结构才能实现的功能，具有与人眼适配性好、无需另外配置视力矫正装置，光效利用率高、成像质量高、显示清晰度高、透视性能优良、可轻薄化小型化设计、易于实现工业化规模生产且制造成本相对较低等特点，可 广泛应用在虚拟现实(VR)、增强现实(AR)、混合现实(MR)等应用场景的智能眼镜及其他形态的近眼显示设备与小型化投影显示设备上，对加快推动相关技术的发展进步与应用推广具有较为现实的意义。
本发明的独特性表现在：例如与光波导技术相比利用了光学薄膜反射光谱成像方法替代了光波导结构需要光耦合进出波导及传输的过程，提升了光能利用效率，不仅可消除光波导的色散效应产生的“彩虹”现象和光晕，同时扩展了近眼显示的视场角与成像质量，光学镜片其表面形状是与人眼相适的曲面而非光波导所采用的平面型结构，同时可同步矫正视力而无需另外附加视力矫正装置或其他机构；与自由曲面棱镜技术相比，是通过光学镜片表面的光学薄膜一次反射成像，而非自由曲面棱镜结构需要在镜片内部多重反射成像，使镜片的形状更为简单、光学厚度更薄、无棱镜色散效应、成像显示的视场角更大；与自由曲面纳米结构表面超光栅技术相比，采用光学薄膜反射光谱成像技术而非复杂的纳米超结构表面反射式光栅技术，克服了反射式光栅衍射效率较低、表面加工工艺复杂且需要仔细保护防止脏污、使用寿命受限、技术成熟度不高等突出问题。
本发明所述的光学镜片采用光学玻璃或光学塑料等透明材料通过研磨抛光或模压、注塑等方法制造，其表面的光学薄膜、宽带消反光光学增透膜采用光学镀膜技术方法如物理气相沉积法、化学气相沉积法等镀制，不仅所需原材料容易获得，同时大规模化制造的相关工艺技术及装备具有成熟的工业化方案，与已公开的现有技术相关镜片需要的加工工艺相比具有显著的规模化生产成熟性、可靠性、高良品率与低成本可控性，可实现快速的应用与推广。
附图说明
图1为本发明的结构示意图；
图2为本发明的光学薄膜的光谱曲线示意图；
图3为本发明宽带消反光光学增透膜的光谱曲线示意图；
图4为现有光波导技术结构示意图；
图5为现有自由曲面棱镜技术结构示意图；
图6为现有自由曲面纳米结构表面技术示意图。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明实现的技术手段、创作特征、达成目的与功效易于明白了 解，下面结合具体实施例和附图，进一步阐述本发明，但下述实施例仅仅为本发明的优选实施例，并非全部。基于实施方式中的实施例，本领域技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动的前提下所获得其它实施例，都属于本发明的保护范围。
下面结合附图描述现有技术存在的不足。
如图4所示为现有技术的光波导成像显示方案，由影像投射系统输出的光线通过与胶合的叠层薄膜棱镜或反射/透射式衍射光栅等进行光耦合传输，光在进出波导及传输至人眼视网膜成像的过程中需要多次反射，不仅光能损失大、光效利用率低，同时难以消除其固有的色散效应产生的“彩虹”现象和光晕，且平行平板型结构与人眼的适配性较差，使该技术方案的实用体验效果不佳。
图5所示的自由曲面棱镜结构由影像投射系统输出的光线通过其特殊的形态结构在内部多重反射后导入人眼视网膜成像，存在镜片光学厚度较厚难以薄型化、成像显示的视场角受限、棱镜的色散效应、难以与人眼生理结构相适配等不足。
图6所示为自由曲面型微纳超结构表面技术，通过镜片表面的微纳超结构阵列所构成的反射式光栅将投射的光线反射至人眼视网膜成像，自由曲面型纳米超结构表面光栅的设计与制造相对复杂，技术成熟度不高，制造成本相对较高，使用中需要非常仔细的保护对使用环境与使用方法有严苛的要求，在现阶段实用化推广受限。
下面结合附图描述本发明的具体实施例。
图1所示为本发明用于近眼显示的反射光谱成像系统，由影像投射单元100与具有反射光谱成像功能的光学镜片200组合而成，其中光学镜片200集成了反射光谱成像、视力矫正与兼顾良好透明性等多种功能，一片镜片就替代了现有技术需要多片或多层胶合的结构或其他复杂的表面形态结构才能实现的功能，影像投射单元100输出的光线通过镜片表面一次反射就导入了人眼视网膜成像，并在人眼的前方形成放大的虚像实现了近眼显示的目的，大大简化了现有技术的复杂结构。
所述影像投射单元100为包含窄带光谱特征的红(632nm±10nm)/绿(520nm±10nm)/蓝(450nm±10nm)的LED、激光、OLED等照明、显示、成像的光学投影系统，或虽不含单色光源照明、显示、成像的窄带光谱特征而附 加有窄带滤光片等方法产生相同效果的影像光学投射系统。
所述光学镜片200采用光学玻璃或光学塑料等透明材料通过研磨抛光或模压、注塑等方法制造，内表面的面型设计与影像投射单元100相匹配，具有将影像投射单元100输出的光线反射至人眼视网膜成像的曲面并镀制有反射光谱成像功能的光学薄膜201，外表面与第一表面相匹配构成具有视力矫正功能(屈光度为平光、近视、远视或散光)的光学面型并镀制有可见光光谱范围内的宽带消反光增透膜202。
如图2，所述光学薄膜201为在可见光光谱400nm-760nm范围内，既具有与影像投射单元100输出的红(632nm±10nm)/绿(520nm±10nm)/蓝(450nm±10nm)特征光谱相匹配的窄带光谱高反射特性，又具有对其余光谱波段高透射的特性。当所述影像投射单元(100)输出的光线为S偏振光或P偏振光或其他偏振光时，所述光学薄膜(201)的红(λ R±δ λR)/绿(λ G±δ λG)/蓝(λ B±δ λB)/或更多单色如黄色(λ Y±δ λY)的窄带光谱反射特性按相对应的S偏振态或P偏振态或其他偏振态设计。
为进一步说明光学薄膜201的结构特性与制造方法，给出一个具体实施的案例，将研磨抛光或注塑模压好的光学镜片200输送至磁控溅射真空镀膜设备中，达到镀膜条件后镀制膜系结构为SUB(基底)/N M92nm/N L64nm/N M 50nm/N L 20nm/N H18nm/N L 184nm/N H 112nm/N L 42nm/N H 19nm/N L 30nm/N H 139nm/N L 38nm/N H 106nm/N L 27nm/N H 107nm/N L 56nm/N H 23nm/N M 44nm/N H 89nm/N M 187nm/N H 66nm/N M 151nm/N H 32nm/N M 34nm/N H 86nm/N L134nm/N M 78nm/N H 40nm/N M 113nm/N L 12nm/N M 170nm/N L 48nm/N M 28nm/N L 39nm/N H 83nm/N L 36nm/N H 112nm/N L 22nm/N H 23nm/N M 48nm/N H 105nm/N M 150nm/N H 81nm/N M 39nm/AIR(空气)，膜层总厚度为3.177μ，其中N H、N M、N L分别为溅射的膜层材料折射率在2.00-2.55、1.60-1.85、1.35-1.48范围内的高、中、低折射率介质材料，本膜系结构镀制的光学薄膜201的光谱特性曲线示意图如图2所示，实现了在红光(622-642nm)/绿光(510-530nm)/蓝光(440-460nm)三个窄带光谱波段的高反射率，其余光谱波段的高透光率，具有较好的抗角度效应，适合匹配输出光谱为红(R)632nm/绿(G)520nm/蓝(B)450nm的三色LED或激光或OLED发光显示构成的影像 投射单元(100)组成反射光谱成像近眼显示光学系统。
所述光学增透膜202的具体实施例采用磁控溅射镀膜法镀制，膜系结构为SUB(基底)/N M22nm/N L27nm/N H 109nm/N L 86nm/AIR(空气)，膜层总厚度为0.244μ,其中N H、N M、N L、分别为折射率在2.15-2.35、1.85-2.05、1.35-1.46的高、中、低折射率介质材料。优选的，N H、N M、N L分别为溅射的膜层材料折射率在2.35、2.05、1.46的高、中、低折射率介质材料，实现了可见光光谱范围内平均反射率小于0.5％、平均透射率大于99.5％的宽带增透效果，有效降低了光学镜片200镜片外表面的反射杂光与整体透光率，提升了近眼显示的成像质量。光谱特性曲线如图3。
上述光学薄膜能选用的高、中、低折射率介质材料种类较多且容易获得，如TiO2、Al2O3、SiO2等所构成的上述功能光学薄膜具有较强的抗划伤性与较好的耐环境特性，无须特别保护可长寿命使用；
因此本发明的光学镜片200不仅具有窄带光谱反射成像功能同时兼具有较好的透明性与视力矫正功能，具有一个镜片替代现有技术需要多片或多层胶合结构或其他复杂的表面形态结构才能实现的功能。上述影像投射单元100安装在光学镜片200的侧面，所输出的影像光线可直接投射至光学镜片200的内表面被光学薄膜201反射至人眼视网膜成像并在人眼前方形成放大的虚像实现了近眼显示的目的，如图1所示。
以上显示描述了本发明的基本原理、主要特征和本发明的优点。本行业的技术人员应该了解，本发明不受上述实施例的限制，上述实施例和说明书中描述的仅为本发明的优选例，并不用来限制本发明，在不脱离本发明精神和范围的前提下，本发明还会有各种变化和改进，这些变化和改进都落入要求保护的本发明范围内。本发明要求保护范围由所附的权利要求书及其等效物界定。

Claims (7)

  1. 一种用于近眼显示的反射光谱成像系统，其特征在于：由影像投射单元(100)与具有光学薄膜反射光谱成像功能的光学镜片(200)组合而成；所述影像投射单元(100)为包含窄带光谱特征的红(λ R±δ λR)/绿(λ G±δ λG)/蓝(λ B±δ λB)/或更多单色如黄色(λ Y±δ λY)的LED、激光、OLED照明、显示、成像的光学投影系统，或虽不含单色光源照明、显示、成像的窄带光谱特征而附加有窄带滤光片方法产生相同效果的影像光学投射系统；所述光学镜片(200)的内表面具有与影像投射单元(100)相匹配的光学面型并设有反射光谱成像功能的光学薄膜(201)，外表面为与内表面相匹配构成具有屈光度为平光、近视、远视或散光的视力矫正功能的光学面型并设有可见光光谱范围内的宽带消反光光学增透膜(202)，光学薄膜(201)为在可见光光谱400nm-760nm范围内，具有与影像投射单元(100)输出的红(λ R±δ λR)/绿(λ G±δ λG)/蓝(λ B±δ λB)/或更多单色如黄色(λ Y±δ λY)的特征光谱相匹配的窄带光谱高反射特性，又具有对其余光谱波段高透射的特性；光学增透膜(202)可提升光学镜片的整体透光率、有效消除光学镜片外表面反射杂光干扰提升近眼显示的成像质量；上述影像投射单元(100)安装在光学镜片(200)的侧面，所输出的影像光线可直接投射至光学镜片(200)的内表面被光学薄膜(201)反射至人眼视网膜成像并人眼的前方形成放大的虚像实现近眼显示的目的。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的用于近眼显示的反射光谱成像系统，其特征在于：所述光学镜片(200)采用光学玻璃或光学塑料透明材料通过研磨抛光或模压、注塑方法制造，所述光学薄膜(201)、光学增透膜(202)采用光学镀膜技术方法镀制。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的用于近眼显示的反射光谱成像系统，其特征在于：所述影像投射单元(100)输出的光线为偏振光时，所述光学薄膜(201)的红(λ R±δ λR)/绿(λ G±δ λG)/蓝(λ B±δ λB)/或更多单色如黄色(λ Y±δ λY)的窄带光谱反射特性按相应的偏振态设计。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的用于近眼显示的反射光谱成像系统，其特征在于：所述光学镜片(200)由所述光学薄膜(201)与具有光致变色、电致变色功能的材料或与具有降低透光率的滤色镜片相结合构成，所述光学镜片(200)可提高在室外或强光环境下使用的成像显示对比度与清晰度。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的用于近眼显示的反射光谱成像系统，其特征在于：所述光学薄膜(201)可以镀制在其他透明薄膜基材上再粘贴在光学镜片(200)的内表面或作为夹层胶合在两个镜片中间。
  6. 如权利要求1所述的用于近眼显示的反射光谱成像系统，其特征在于：，所述光学薄膜(201)其膜系结构由SUB(基底)/N M92nm/N L64nm/N M50nm/N L20nm/N H18nm/N L184nm/N H112nm/N L42nm/N H19nm/N L30nm/N H139nm/N L38nm/N H106nm/N L27nm/N H107nm/N L56nm/N H23nm/N M44nm/N H89nm/N M187nm/N H66nm/N M151nm/N H32nm/N M34nm/N H86nm/N L134nm/N M78nm/N H40nm/N M113nm/N L12nm/N M170nm/N L48nm/N M28nm/N L39nm/N H83nm/N L36nm/N H112nm/N L22nm/N H23nm/N M48nm/N H105nm/N M150nm/N H81nm/N M39nm/AIR(空气)组成，其中N H、N M、N L、分别为折射率在2.00-2.55、1.60-1.85、1.35-1.48范围内的高、中、低折射率介质材料，上述膜系结构每一层膜的厚度可在±10％范围内调整。
  7. 如权利要求1所述的用于近眼显示的反射光谱成像系统，其特征在于：所述光学增透膜(202)的膜系结构为SUB(基底)/N M22nm/N L27nm/N H109nm/N L86nm/AIR(空气)组成，其中N H、N M、N L、分别为折射率在2.15-2.35、1.85-2.05、1.35-1.46的高、中、低折射率介质材料。
PCT/CN2021/132016 2021-06-01 2021-11-22 用于近眼显示的反射光谱成像系统 WO2022252507A1 (zh)

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