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WO2022105099A1 - 一种摩托车及其发动机 - Google Patents

一种摩托车及其发动机 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022105099A1
WO2022105099A1 PCT/CN2021/086910 CN2021086910W WO2022105099A1 WO 2022105099 A1 WO2022105099 A1 WO 2022105099A1 CN 2021086910 W CN2021086910 W CN 2021086910W WO 2022105099 A1 WO2022105099 A1 WO 2022105099A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
gear
engine
oil
motorcycle according
ring
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2021/086910
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
朱长钦
杨志球
杜琳琳
鞠树利
舒桂明
邹文学
Original Assignee
浙江春风动力股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 浙江春风动力股份有限公司 filed Critical 浙江春风动力股份有限公司
Publication of WO2022105099A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022105099A1/zh

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B61/00—Adaptations of engines for driving vehicles or for driving propellers; Combinations of engines with gearing
    • F02B61/06—Combinations of engines with mechanical gearing
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

Definitions

  • the present application belongs to the technical field of motorcycles, and in particular relates to an engine and a motorcycle using the engine.
  • the engine is the heart of the whole motorcycle. During the development of the motorcycle from the first stage to the fourth stage, the motorcycle engine has been continuously improved, and its performance has been continuously improved. Different motorcycle engines, the engines are classified.
  • the engine is divided into gasoline engine and diesel engine.
  • An internal combustion engine that uses gasoline as fuel is called a gasoline engine; an internal combustion engine that uses a diesel engine as fuel is called a diesel engine.
  • gasoline engines have their own characteristics; gasoline engines have high speed, low quality, low noise, easy starting, and low manufacturing costs; diesel engines have large compression ratios, high thermal efficiency, and better economic performance and emission performance than gasoline engines.
  • the engine to complete a working cycle it can be divided into a four-stroke engine and a two-stroke engine.
  • the crankshaft is rotated twice (720°)
  • the piston reciprocates up and down in the cylinder for four strokes, and an internal combustion engine that completes one working cycle is called a four-stroke engine; while the crankshaft is rotated once (360°), the piston reciprocates up and down in the cylinder.
  • An engine that moves two strokes and completes one working cycle is called a two-stroke engine.
  • the different cooling methods of the engine can be divided into water-cooled engine and air-cooled engine.
  • the water-cooled engine uses the cooling liquid circulating in the cylinder block and the cylinder head cooling water jacket as the cooling medium for cooling; while the air-cooled engine uses the air flowing between the cylinder block and the fins on the outer surface of the cylinder head as the cooling medium For cooling; the water-cooled engine has uniform cooling, reliable operation and good cooling effect.
  • the number of cylinders on the engine it is divided into single-cylinder engine and multi-cylinder engine.
  • An engine with only one cylinder is called a single-cylinder engine; an engine with two or more cylinders is called a multi-cylinder engine.
  • engine cylinders According to the different arrangement of engine cylinders, it can be divided into single row type and double row type.
  • the cylinders of the single-row engine are arranged in a row, generally arranged vertically, but in order to reduce the height, the cylinders are sometimes arranged inclined or even horizontally; the double-row engine arranges the cylinders in two rows, and the clamps between the two rows
  • a balance shaft that rotates synchronously with the crankshaft is generally installed in the existing engine, and the engine can obtain a good balance effect and reduce the vibration of the engine by generating a reverse vibration force when the balance shaft rotates.
  • the balance shaft on the car engine is a metal shaft with two eccentric bumps.
  • the length of the balance shaft is relatively long and the diameter of the shaft is large.
  • the balance shaft occupies a large space, and further There are limitations when installing this balancer shaft, which can only be installed at the bottom of the engine.
  • the present application provides a motorcycle and its engine with reduced vibration and compact structure.
  • a motorcycle includes a frame welded from metal pipes and plates, front wheels, rear wheels, fuel system, body cover, engine, suspension system, etc.
  • the suspension system includes a front suspension and a rear suspension, the front suspension is engaged at the front of the frame, and the front suspension is associated with the front wheels.
  • a rear suspension is engaged at the rear of the frame, and the rear suspension is associated with the rear wheels.
  • a fuel system is provided on the frame, and the fuel system is used to supply fuel to the engine.
  • the engine of the motorcycle drives the sprocket on the hub of the rear wheel to rotate through the chain, and then drives the rear wheel to rotate, and then the rear wheel pushes the motorcycle forward.
  • the engine is supported in the middle of the frame and in a lower position, and the engine is fixed on the frame through a shaft. At least one of the front or rear wheels is drivingly coupled to the engine, the engine including a crankshaft, a connecting rod, a piston coupled to the crankshaft through the connecting rod, a balance device associated with the crankshaft, and a water pump associated with the crankshaft device.
  • the balancing device includes a first balance shaft assembly that rotates synchronously with the crankshaft to generate a counter-vibration force that counteracts the vibration of the crankshaft and/or the piston during operation, and a first balance shaft assembly that rotates synchronously with the crankshaft to offset the vibration of the crankshaft and/or the piston during operation
  • the second balance shaft assembly of the opposite vibration force, the first balance shaft assembly is located on one side of the engine, and the second balance shaft assembly is located on the other side of the engine.
  • the first balance shaft assembly includes a first shaft body, a first gear with a circle center and a first balance block, the first shaft body is arranged along the width direction of the motorcycle, and the first gear is integrated in the first shaft. body, and the first balance weight is integrated on the first gear.
  • the second balance shaft assembly includes a second shaft body, a second gear with a circle center and a second balance block, the second shaft body is arranged along the width direction of the motorcycle, and the second teeth are integrated in the second shaft. body, and the second balance weight is integrated on the second gear.
  • the distance from the edge of the first balance block close to the gear teeth to the center of the first gear is smaller than the distance from the tooth root of the first gear to the center of the first gear.
  • the distance from the edge of the second balance block close to the gear teeth to the center of the second gear is smaller than the distance from the tooth root of the second gear to the center of the second gear.
  • a plurality of first weight reduction holes are provided on the first gear at a position avoiding the first balance block.
  • a plurality of second weight reduction holes are provided on the second gear at a position avoiding the second balance block.
  • the water pump device is located on one side of the engine, and the water pump device includes a water pump and a liquid outlet with an opening direction facing the water pump, the water pump is connected to the first balance shaft assembly; and the first balance shaft assembly There is a lubricating oil flow cavity, an oil inlet hole communicating with the lubricating oil flow cavity, and an oil outlet hole communicating with the lubricating oil flow cavity, and the distance from the oil outlet hole to the water pump is close to the distance from the oil inlet hole to the water pump.
  • a sleeve is sleeved on the first shaft body, a sealing ring is sleeved on the corresponding sleeve, and at least two sealing parts contacting the sleeve are provided on the sealing ring.
  • the sealing ring includes an outer sealing ring, a middle sealing ring and an inner sealing ring, and the cross-sectional shape formed by the outer sealing ring, the middle sealing ring and the inner sealing ring is roughly "I" shape, and the sealing part Set on the inner seal ring.
  • the cross-sectional shape of the inner sealing ring is "W" shape.
  • a wear-resistant coating is provided on the sleeve.
  • the length of the axis in the height direction of the piston is L ⁇
  • the diameter of the section of the piston is L ⁇ , where the ratio of L ⁇ to L ⁇ is 0.30-0.40:1.0.
  • two pin hubs with pin holes are arranged in the middle of the piston, reinforcing ribs are arranged between the two pin hubs, and lubricating oil holes are formed on the reinforcing ribs by cutting.
  • the piston includes a piston head and a piston skirt integrated with the piston head, and a connecting rib connected to the piston skirt is provided on the pin boss.
  • the piston is provided with an air ring groove and an oil ring groove with oil holes from top to bottom, an oil ring is sleeved on the oil ring groove, and the inner wall of the oil ring is recessed outward to form a accommodating cavity, A support spring is arranged in the accommodating cavity.
  • the outer wall of the oil ring is partially convex to form two oil scraping convex rings with a distance, and a plurality of oil inlet holes are opened between the two oil scraping convex rings.
  • a diamond-like coating is provided on the outer wall of the oil ring.
  • the engine further includes a magneto
  • the magneto includes a magneto rotor and a flywheel associated with the magneto rotor
  • the flywheel has a flywheel core sleeved on one end of the crankshaft, and the flywheel core passes through the fixing bolts fixed on the crankshaft.
  • the end of the crankshaft close to the flywheel has a first connecting section and a second connecting section associated with the flywheel core, and the thickness of the first connecting section is greater than that of the second connecting section;
  • the crankshaft is provided with a blind hole,
  • An inner thread is provided on the inner wall of the blind hole corresponding to the first connecting section, and the thread of the fixing bolt is engaged with the inner thread on the inner wall of the blind hole.
  • the fixing bolt includes a bolt rod and a bolt head integrated with the bolt rod, the bolt rod is provided with a threaded section and a smooth section, and the side wall of the smooth section corresponds to the blind hole of the second connecting section. There is no force between the inner walls.
  • the end of the flywheel core away from the crankshaft extends toward the center of the flywheel core to form a bent portion associated with the fixing bolt.
  • the engine further includes an air intake system and an oil-gas separator having an air intake pipe and an air outlet pipe
  • the air intake system includes an air filter box, an air filter element disposed in the air filter box, and an air inlet located in the air filter box.
  • the engine air intake pipe in the filter box, the outlet of the air outlet pipe of the oil-gas separator corresponds to the air inlet of the engine air intake pipe.
  • the oil and gas separator is arranged on the air filter box, and the outlet of the air outlet pipe of the oil and gas separator is arranged in the air filter box.
  • the air filter box includes a box body and a box cover connected to the box body, the box cover is provided with an installation position, and the oil and gas separator is fixed in the installation position.
  • a positioning groove communicated with the installation position is provided on the box cover, and the air outlet pipe of the oil and gas separator is provided on the positioning groove.
  • the oil-gas separator is provided with a plurality of slow-flow chambers that are connected to form a labyrinth structure.
  • the plurality of slow-flow chambers are respectively: a first chamber, a second chamber adjacent to the first chamber, a third chamber adjacent to the second chamber, and a third chamber adjacent to the second chamber
  • the air inlet pipe communicates with the first chamber
  • the air outlet pipe communicates with the fourth chamber.
  • the air intake pipe is located at the lowest position of the first chamber.
  • the oil and gas separator includes a box body and a box cover connected with the box body to close the inner space of the box body, and the box body is provided with a box body bottom wall with an inclined surface and a box body side with an inclined arc surface.
  • One end of the air inlet pipe is connected with the bottom wall of the box body.
  • the box is provided with a first partition extending from the side wall of the box to the bottom wall of the box, and the side wall of the first partition first extends along the width of the box and then turns along the length of the box.
  • a second partition extending to the bottom of the box body and a third partition dividing the space surrounded by the first partition and the second partition into two communicating spaces.
  • the engine further includes an engine casing, the engine casing includes a casing, a noise reduction plate connected to the casing, and a compression bolt connecting the casing and the noise reduction plate.
  • the noise reduction plate is fixed on the casing by pressing bolts, and the pressing bolts are connected to the casing.
  • a shock-absorbing pad is fixed on the noise reduction plate, and the shock-absorbing pad is in contact with the casing.
  • a spacer connected to the noise reduction plate is sleeved on the pressing bolt.
  • the housing is provided with a plurality of positioning columns, and the noise reduction plate is provided with positioning holes sleeved on the positioning columns.
  • the positioning holes are arranged on the noise reduction plate along the circumferential direction of the noise reduction plate, and the positioning holes are U-shaped holes.
  • the noise reduction plate is provided with a plurality of weight reduction holes, and the weight reduction through holes are arranged at equal intervals along the circumferential direction of the noise reduction plate.
  • the inner wall of the casing is provided with a support boss, and the noise reduction plate is connected to the support boss.
  • the engine further includes a shift component
  • the shift component includes a ring gear with gear teeth, a gear seat concentric with the ring gear, and a damping leaf spring, and the damping leaf spring is partially in contact with the ring gear, The other part is in contact with the gear seat; the gear seat rotates relative to the ring gear, and when the gear seat rotates relative to the ring gear, the damping plate spring is deformed by pressure to exert resistance on the gear seat.
  • the gear seat is provided with a plurality of anti-rotation grooves at equal intervals along the circumferential direction of the ring gear.
  • the inner wall of the ring gear is provided with a groove portion
  • the gear seat is provided with a accommodating groove corresponding to the groove portion
  • the damping plate spring is arranged in the accommodating groove
  • the two parts of the damping plate spring are provided. The ends are respectively in contact with the two inner walls of the groove.
  • the length of the groove portion along the circumferential direction of the ring gear is smaller than the length of the damping leaf spring in a flattened state.
  • the gear ring is provided with a first anti-rotation block
  • the gear seat is provided with a second anti-rotation block.
  • the gear seat squeezes the leaf spring and deforms to the first stop.
  • the rotating block is in contact with the second rotating block.
  • the section of the damping leaf spring is arched.
  • a disengagement prevention ring piece corresponding to the side wall and the damping leaf spring is fixed by screws.
  • the engine further includes a shift hub with a plurality of shift grooves and a hall sensor communicatively connected to the instrument panel, and the shift drum is provided with induction magnets corresponding to the hall sensors and having a spacing.
  • the shift drum is provided with a bayonet, and the induction magnet is partially inserted into the bayonet.
  • the inner wall of the bayonet is provided with anti-rotation bumps
  • the induction magnet is provided with anti-rotation openings associated with the anti-rotation bumps.
  • the induction magnet is provided with a raised portion, and the diameter of the raised portion is larger than the diameter of the bayonet.
  • the first balance shaft assembly and the second balance shaft assembly can be installed in different positions of the engine according to the needs.
  • the installation positions of the balance shaft are diverse, and the space occupied on the engine is small, so that the engine structure is compact, and the structure of the motorcycle is compact. When driving, the wind resistance is low and the controllability is good.
  • the first balance shaft assembly and the second balance shaft assembly are separately arranged on the left and right sides of the engine.
  • the two balance shaft assemblies can offset the vibration of the two pistons on the engine separately, reduce the engine vibration and improve the comfort of the motorcycle.
  • the coolant impinges on the water pump, forming a lateral thrust on the water pump towards the first shaft body.
  • the lubricating oil on the upper body of the first shaft exerts a thrust towards the first shaft body in the direction of the water pump. The two thrusts cancel each other out, and the first shaft The body will not be laterally offset on the engine, ensuring the stability of the balance shaft assembly on the engine.
  • FIG. 1 is a left side view of the motorcycle driven by the engine of the application.
  • FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the engine of the application.
  • FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the engine of FIG. 2 from another perspective.
  • FIG. 4 is a perspective view of the crankshaft associated with the balancer in FIG. 2 .
  • FIG. 5 is a perspective view of another form of the balancing device in FIG. 2 .
  • FIG. 6 is a perspective view of the balancing device in FIG. 2 having only one balancing shaft passing through the engine.
  • FIG. 7 is an exploded view of the water pump device and the first balance shaft assembly in FIG. 2 .
  • FIG. 8 is a perspective view of the water pump and the first balance shaft assembly in FIG. 2 associated with each other.
  • FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of the water pump and the first balance shaft assembly in FIG. 2 associated with each other.
  • FIG. 10 is a perspective view of the sealing ring in FIG. 7 .
  • FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view of the sealing ring of FIG. 7 .
  • FIG. 12 is a front view of the piston and connecting rod of FIG. 1 .
  • FIG. 13 is an exploded view of FIG. 12 with the piston pin installed.
  • FIG. 14 is a perspective view of the rotor and the crankshaft in FIG. 1 .
  • FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view at C-C in FIG. 14 .
  • FIG. 16 is an enlarged view of B in FIG. 15 .
  • FIG. 17 is an exploded view of FIG. 15 .
  • FIG. 18 is a perspective view of the hollow filter box of FIG. 1 .
  • Figure 19 is an exploded view of the oil and gas separator in 18.
  • FIG. 20 is a cross-sectional view of FIG. 18 .
  • FIG. 21 is an exploded view of FIG. 18 .
  • FIG. 22 is a perspective view of the shift gear of FIG. 1 .
  • FIG. 23 is an exploded view of the shift gear of FIG. 21 .
  • FIG. 24 is a front view of another shift gear shown in FIG. 23 .
  • FIG. 25 is an exploded view of the shift gear in FIG. 24 using a shock-absorbing spring.
  • FIG. 26 is a perspective view of the engine casing of FIG. 1 .
  • FIG. 27 is a cross-sectional view of FIG. 26 .
  • FIG. 28 is an exploded view of FIG. 26 .
  • FIG. 29 is a perspective view of the oil pump gear in FIG. 1 .
  • FIG. 30 is a perspective view of the Hall sensor and the shift hub in FIG. 1 .
  • FIG. 31 is a cross-sectional view of the Hall sensor associated with the shift hub in FIG. 1 .
  • FIG. 32 is an exploded view of the Hall sensor and shift hub of FIG. 1 .
  • Dynamic refers to the relative action between two parts, that is, one of the parts does not move, and the other part rotates or translates relative to each other; sealing refers to the contact between the two parts, air, liquid and other media cannot pass from the contact point of the two parts. Therefore, dynamic sealing means that between two parts that can rotate or move relative to each other, after contacting each other, liquid and/or gas still cannot pass through.
  • Coolant is an indispensable working medium to ensure the normal operation of a water-cooled engine. It is used to circulate and flow to absorb temperature under the pumping of a water pump. At present, the conventional coolant is mostly water.
  • Transverse in this application is specifically along the length of the crankshaft.
  • the axial pressure refers to the pressure formed along the longitudinal direction of the shaft, and the direction of the force is parallel to the longitudinal direction of the shaft.
  • the surface of the wall has no obvious protrusions and threads; for example, the unthreaded part of the bolt shank of the bolt, or the inner wall of the blind hole has no thread, and only has no thread or no protrusion, the wall surface is smooth.
  • FIG. 1 is a left side view showing a motorcycle 10 driven by an engine 16 according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • a motorcycle 10 includes a frame 11 welded from metal pipes and plates, front wheels 12 , rear wheels 13 , a fuel system 14 , a body cover 15 , an engine 16 , a controller 17 , a dashboard 18 and Suspension system 19 etc.
  • the motorcycle 10 is a large-displacement two-wheel fuel motorcycle.
  • the motorcycle can also be a four-wheel off-road motorcycle.
  • the suspension system 19 includes a front suspension 191 and a rear suspension 192 , which are engaged at the front of the frame 11 , the front suspension 191 being associated with the front wheels 12 .
  • a rear suspension is engaged at the rear of the frame 11 , and the rear suspension is associated with the rear wheels 13 .
  • a fuel system 14 is provided on the vehicle frame 11 , and the fuel system 14 is used to supply fuel to the engine 16 .
  • the engine 16 of the motorcycle 10 drives the sprocket 1311 on the hub 131 of the rear wheel 13 to rotate through a chain (not shown), and then drives the rear wheel 13 to rotate, and then the rear wheel 13 pushes the motorcycle 10 forward.
  • the engine 16 is supported in the middle of the frame 11 at a lower position, and the engine 16 is fixed to the frame 11 by bolts.
  • FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing the engine 16 of the present invention viewed from the front right of 7 , and the engine casing on the right side is not shown in this figure.
  • FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing the engine 16 of the present invention viewed from the left front, and the engine casing on the left side is not shown in this figure.
  • a combustion chamber (not shown) is provided on the engine 16 , and the fuel of the fuel system 14 enters the combustion chamber along the pipeline, and is then ignited by the spark plug (not shown) of the engine 16 Fuel, the fuel generates kinetic energy in the combustion chamber that pushes the piston 40 downward to power the motorcycle 10 .
  • the engine 16 includes a cylinder block 161 , a cylinder head 162 , a cylinder head cover 163 , a crankcase 164 , a water pump device 30 , a crankshaft 60 , a balance device 20 , a piston 40 and an intake system 73 .
  • FIG. 4 shows a perspective view associated with the crankshaft 60 and the balancer 20 in the engine 10 of FIG. 2 .
  • the balancing device 20 is actually one or two balancing shafts that rotate synchronously with the crankshaft 60 .
  • the reverse vibration force generated by the balancing device 20 during rotation is used to obtain a good balance of the engine. As a result, the vibration of the engine 16 is reduced.
  • the balance device 20 has the following components: a first balance shaft assembly 21 offset on the right side of the engine 16 and a second balance shaft assembly 22 offset on the left side of the engine 16 .
  • the first balance shaft assembly 21 and the second balance shaft assembly 22 are not required to be symmetrically arranged on the engine 16 , and are mainly realized according to the positions of the center of mass of the first balance shaft assembly 21 and the center of mass of the second balance shaft assembly 22 on the engine 16 .
  • the balance of the engine 16 reduces the vibration of the engine 16 .
  • the first balance shaft assembly 21 and the second balance shaft assembly 22 are installed in different positions of the engine 16, the installation positions of the first balance shaft assembly 21 and the second balance shaft assembly 22 are diverse, and the space occupied on the engine 16 is small, The structure of the engine 16 of the motorcycle 10 is made compact.
  • the first balance shaft assembly 21 is linked with the right end of the crankshaft 60 through gears or sprockets.
  • the first balance shaft assembly 21 includes a first shaft body 211 , a first gear 212 and a first balance weight 213 .
  • the first shaft body 211 is provided in the crankcase 164 along the width direction of the motorcycle 10 .
  • the first shaft body 211 and the first gear 212 are integrated together and have a one-piece structure; of course, it can also be a split structure, and then the two are connected by pressing or bolting, so as to realize the first shaft body 211 and the The first gear 212 rotates synchronously.
  • the first gear 212 is close to the periphery of the first shaft body 211 and protrudes from left to right to form a convex ring 2122. Nearly one-third of the outer edge of the convex ring 2122 faces the wheel of the first gear 212.
  • the tooth direction extends to form a sector-shaped first balance block 213, so the first balance block 213 is a part of the first gear 212; thus the entire first balance shaft assembly 21 has a compact structure, occupies a small space inside the engine 16, and the structure of the engine 16 compact.
  • the distance from the edge of the first balance weight 213 close to the gear teeth to the center of the first gear 212 is smaller than the distance from the tooth root of the first gear 212 to the center of the first gear 212 . Therefore, the thickness of the gear teeth on the first gear 212 is the same, and after the first gear 212 meshes with the gears on the crankshaft 60 , the force of each gear tooth is the same to ensure the stable operation of the first gear 212 .
  • the first gear 212 has five first weight reduction holes 2121 in the area other than the part occupied by the first balance weight 213, and the five first weight reduction holes 2121 are along the first gear. 212 are arranged in the circumferential direction, and the distance between two adjacent first weight reduction holes 2121 is the same. Only a part of the first gear 212 is provided with the first weight-reducing hole 2121, so that the first gear 212 forms an eccentric gear to generate vibration during rotation, and the vibration generated by the first gear 212 and the vibration generated by the first balance weight 213 are mutually exclusive. Bonus to improve the vibration damping effect of the engine 16 .
  • the second balance shaft assembly 22 meshes with the gears of the left journal of the crankshaft 60 through gears, so that the second balance shaft assembly 22 and the crankshaft 60 are synchronized to operate.
  • the second balance shaft assembly 22 includes a second shaft body 221 , a second gear 222 and a second balance weight 223 .
  • the second shaft body 221 is provided in the crankcase 30 along the width direction of the motorcycle 10 .
  • the second shaft body 221 and the second gear 222 are integrated together and have a one-piece structure; of course, it can also be a split structure, and then the two are connected by pressing or bolting, so that the second shaft body 221 and the The second gear 222 rotates synchronously.
  • the second gear 222 is close to the second shaft body 221 and protrudes from left to right to form a circle of convex rings 2222. Nearly one-third of the outer edge of the convex ring 2222 faces the wheel of the second gear 222.
  • the tooth direction extends to form a fan-shaped second balance weight 223, so the second balance weight 223 is a part of the second gear 222; thus the entire second balance shaft assembly 22 has a compact structure, occupies a small space inside the engine 16, and the structure of the engine 16 compact.
  • the distance from the edge of the second balance weight 223 close to the gear teeth to the center of the second gear 222 is smaller than the distance from the tooth root of the second gear 222 to the center of the second gear 222 . Therefore, the thickness of the gear teeth on the second gear 222 is the same, and after the second gear 222 meshes with the gears on the crankshaft 60 , the force of each gear tooth is the same to ensure the stable operation of the second gear 222 .
  • the second gear 222 is provided with five second weight reduction holes 2221 in the area other than the part occupied by the second balance weight 223, and the five second weight reduction holes 2221 are located along the
  • the second gears 222 are arranged in the circumferential direction, and the distance between two adjacent second weight reduction holes 2221 is the same. Only a part of the second gear 222 is provided with the second weight reduction hole 2221, so that the second gear 222 forms an eccentric gear to generate vibration during rotation, and the vibration generated by the second gear 222 and the vibration generated by the second balance weight 223 are mutually Bonus to improve the vibration damping effect of the engine 16 .
  • FIG. 5 is a perspective view showing another aspect of the balancer 20 in the engine 10 of FIG. 2 .
  • the first balance weight 213b is integrated into the On the first shaft body 211b, the first balance weight 213b is a part of the first shaft body 211b, and then the first shaft body 211b is connected with a gear or a sprocket to be linked with the crankshaft.
  • the second balance weight 223b is integrated with On the second shaft body 221b, the second balance weight 223b is a part of the second shaft body 221b, and then the second shaft body 221b is connected with a gear or a sprocket to be linked with the crankshaft.
  • FIG. 6 is a perspective view showing that the balancer 20 in the engine 10 of FIG. 2 has only one balance shaft passing through the engine 16 .
  • the balance device 20 of the engine 16 has only one balance shaft 23 penetrating the engine 16 .
  • the balance shaft 23 includes a shaft 231 and two balance weights 232 , one of the two balance weights 231 is integrated near the right end of the shaft 231 , and the other is integrated near the left end of the shaft 231 .
  • the balance weights 232 are sector-shaped blocks integrated on the shaft 231 , each balance weight 232 is located on one side of the engine 16 , and the positions of the two balance weights 232 are symmetrical.
  • FIG. 7 shows an exploded view of the water pump device 30 and the first balance shaft assembly 21 in the engine 10 in FIG. 2 .
  • FIG. 8 shows a perspective view associated with the water pump 32 and the first balance shaft assembly 21 in the engine 10 of FIG. 2 .
  • FIG. 9 shows a cross-sectional view of the water pump 32 and the first balance shaft assembly 21 in the engine 10 of FIG. 2 .
  • one of the first balance shaft assembly 21 or the second balance shaft assembly 22 is used to transmit the kinetic energy of the crankshaft 60 to the water pump device 30 . That is to say, one of the first balance shaft assembly 21 or the second balance shaft assembly 22 not only reduces the vibration of the engine 60 , but also drives the water pump device 30 to work.
  • the axial pressure of the coolant on the first balance shaft assembly 21 or the second balance shaft assembly 22 and the axial pressure of the lubricating oil on the first balance shaft assembly 21 or the second balance shaft assembly 22 are opposite and the two forces cancel each other out.
  • the first The first shaft body 211 of the balance shaft assembly 21 serves as the power shaft of the water pump device 30 .
  • the water pump device 30 includes a water pump housing 31 and a water pump 32 .
  • the water pump housing 31 is fixed to the right side of the engine 16 by bolts, and a rubber seal 33 is provided between the water pump housing 31 and the main body of the engine 16 .
  • the water pump casing 31 is provided with a liquid inlet channel 311 extending from front to rear to the middle of the engine 16 , the inner wall of the liquid outlet end of the liquid inlet channel 311 is an arc surface to form a turn, and the coolant enters from the liquid inlet end of the liquid inlet channel 311 . , and then turn at the liquid outlet and enter into the water pump 32 .
  • a water pump cavity 312 connected to the liquid inlet channel 311 is provided on the water pump shell 31 near the liquid outlet end of the liquid inlet channel 311 , and the water pump 32 is arranged in the water pump cavity 312 .
  • a "6"-shaped flow channel 313 is formed around the water pump cavity 312. The cooling liquid enters through the liquid inlet channel, and then enters the water pump 32 located in the water pump cavity 312. The water pump 32 pumps the cooling liquid into the flow channel 313, Then, it flows into the cooling pipe (not shown in the figure) of the engine 16 through the flow channel 313 to cool the engine.
  • the water pump 32 includes an impeller 321 and an end cover 322.
  • the impeller 321 has a curved cover 3211 and a plurality of vanes 3212.
  • the curved shape of the right side wall of the curved cover 3211 is the same as the curved shape of the inner wall of the water pump chamber 312.
  • the curved cover 3211 and the water pump chamber have the same curved shape. 312 fit between the side walls.
  • the curved cover 3211 is provided with a liquid inlet opening 3213.
  • the liquid inlet opening 3213 corresponds to the liquid outlet end of the liquid inlet channel 311. After the cooling liquid turns at the liquid outlet end of the liquid inlet channel 311, it enters the water pump from the liquid inlet opening 3213. 32 of them.
  • the blades 3212 are part of the curved cover 3211 , the number of the blades 3212 is six, and the six blades 3212 are arranged along the circumference of the curved cover 3211 .
  • the end cover 322 is connected with the impeller 321 by bolts.
  • the end cover 322 is provided with six positioning grooves 3221, and the side of the blade 3212 away from the curved cover 3211 is embedded in the positioning grooves 3221.
  • the water pump 32 is connected to the first shaft body 211 through the bolts 34.
  • the first shaft body 211 is provided with a platform 210.
  • the end cover 322 After the end cover 322 is sleeved on the first shaft body 211, the left side wall of the end cover 322 Connected to the platform 210 , the end cover 322 cannot move leftward on the first shaft body 211 . Then, it is connected with the first shaft body 211 by the bolts 34.
  • the bolts 34 press the impeller 321 to the first shaft body 211, and the impeller 321 presses the end cover 322 to realize the installation of the water pump 32 itself and the installation of the water pump 32 and the balance shaft 20. .
  • the first balance shaft assembly 21 has a lubricating oil flow cavity 200, an oil inlet hole 201 communicating with the lubricating oil flow cavity 200, and an oil outlet hole 202 communicating with the lubricating oil flow cavity.
  • the distance of the water pump is close to the distance from the oil inlet hole 201 to the water pump 32, the oil outlet 202 corresponds to the bearing 24 sleeved on the first balance shaft assembly 21, and the bearing 24 sleeved on the first balance shaft assembly 21 is lubricated , reduce the wear of the bearing 24, reduce the heat of the engine, and improve the working efficiency of the engine.
  • the bearing needs lubricating oil, and the water pump needs to pump the cooling liquid.
  • the shaft of the balance shaft needs to be separated from the lubricating oil and the cooling liquid to avoid The lubricating oil is diluted to ensure the working life of the engine 16 .
  • a sleeve 205 is sleeved, and a seal is provided between the shaft of the first shaft body 211 and the inner wall of the sleeve 205
  • the first shaft body 211 and the O-shaped rubber ring 207 on the inner wall of the sleeve 205 limit the contact and mixing of the cooling liquid and the lubricating oil.
  • a sealing ring 206 is sleeved on the corresponding sleeve 205, the inner wall of the sealing ring 206 is in contact with the sleeve 205, the outer wall of the sealing ring 206 is connected with the engine 16, and when the first shaft body 211 is linked with the crankshaft 60, the first shaft body 211 rotates relative to the sealing ring 206 , whereby the first shaft body 211 achieves dynamic sealing relative to the sealing ring 206 .
  • FIG. 10 shows a perspective view of the sealing ring 206 of FIG. 7 .
  • FIG. 11 shows a cross-sectional view of the seal ring 206 of FIG. 7 .
  • the sealing ring 206 has the following structure: an outer sealing ring 2061 where the outer wall of the sealing ring 206 is located, a middle sealing ring 2062 connected with the outer ring 2061 , and an inner sealing ring 2063 in contact with the outer wall of the sleeve 205 .
  • the cross-sectional shape of the outer sealing ring 2061, the middle sealing ring 2062 and the inner sealing ring 2063 is roughly "I" shape, and a ring of skeleton 2064 is arranged inside the outer sealing ring 2061 and the middle sealing ring 2062.
  • the specific cross-sectional shape of the skeleton 2064 is "7" shape
  • the specific cross-sectional shape of the inner sealing ring 2063 is "W” shape
  • the inner sealing ring 2063 has two sealing parts 2066 that are in contact with the sleeve 205.
  • the corresponding contacts on the inner sealing ring 2063 are covered with a retaining spring or a ring spring 2065, so as to ensure that the inner sealing ring 2063 and the sleeve 205 are in close contact.
  • a layer of wear-resistant coating 2031 is provided on the sleeve 205, and the wear-resistant coating 2031 is a diamond-like coating.
  • the wear-resistant layer 2031 improves the wear resistance of the first shaft body 211 , ensures the sealing performance of the sealing ring 205 to the first shaft body 211 , and improves the service life of the engine 16 .
  • FIG. 12 is a front view of the piston 40 and the connecting rod 401 of FIG. 1 .
  • the crankshaft 60 In addition to driving the water pump 32 to work on the engine 16 , the crankshaft 60 mainly moves the piston 40 upward under inertia through the crankshaft 60 . 12, the piston 40 is connected with the crankshaft 60 through the connecting rod 401, so the crankshaft 60 drives the connecting rod 401 to move, so the connecting rod 401 pushes the piston 40 to move upward, and the kinetic energy generated by the combustion of fuel in the combustion chamber pushes the piston 40 to move downward.
  • the piston 40 is a forged piston, and the piston 40 includes two parts, a piston head 41 and a piston skirt 42, and the piston head 41 and the piston skirt 42 are integrally formed.
  • the piston skirt 42 is formed with pin holes connected to the connecting rod of the crankshaft.
  • the length of the axis along the height direction of the piston 40 is L ⁇
  • the diameter of the section of the piston 40 is L ⁇
  • the ratio of L ⁇ to L ⁇ is 0.30 ⁇ 0.40:1.0.
  • the diameter of the piston 40 is 108 mm
  • the height of the piston 40 is 37 mm. It reduces the height of the piston 40 to reduce the frictional force of the piston 40 sliding on the cylinder wall of the engine 16 , and at the same time, the piston 40 is lightweight, and its weight is small, and the efficiency of the back and forth action of the piston 40 in the cylinder of the engine 16 is high. , the power output of the engine 16 is stronger.
  • two pin bosses 43 with pin holes 430 are provided in the middle part of the piston 40 , a gap is left between the two pin bosses 43 , and the upper end of the connecting rod 401 is located in the gap.
  • Connecting ribs 431 are provided on the left and right sides of the pin hole 430 of each pin boss 43. One end of the connecting rib 431 is connected to the pin boss 43, and the other end is extended upwards from the lower end of the pin boss 43 to the bottom of the piston head 41.
  • connecting rib 431 is connected with the pin hub 43, and the other end is connected with the piston skirt at the bottom of the piston 40;
  • the connecting rib 431 belongs to a part of the piston 40 , and the connecting rib 431 enhances the strength of the pin hub 43 on the piston 40 and improves the strength of the piston 40 .
  • two reinforcing ribs 433 are arranged between the two pin hubs 43 , and the reinforcing ribs 433 are on the left and right sides of the pin hole 430 .
  • the reinforcing rib 433 strengthens the connection strength between the two pin hubs 40 and improves the strength of the piston 40, the piston 40 does not deform during operation, and has high stability.
  • a square hole is cut in the middle of the reinforcing rib 433 to form a lubricating oil hole 4330 .
  • the lubricating oil flows through the middle of the lubricating oil hole 4330 to lubricate the connecting rod 401 in the pin hole 430 to reduce wear.
  • two air ring grooves 411 for installing air rings are sequentially arranged on the upper part of the piston 40 from top to bottom.
  • An oil ring groove 412 is provided below the gas ring groove 411 , and a plurality of oil holes 4120 are opened in the oil ring groove 412 along the circumferential direction. Lubricating oil on the cylinder walls of the engine 16 enters between the two piston skirts 42 of the piston 40 from the oil hole 4120 .
  • An oil ring 413 is sleeved on the oil ring groove 412, and the oil ring 413 scrapes off the lubricating oil on the cylinder wall of the engine 16 into the above-mentioned oil hole 4120, so as to realize the oil return effect, prevent the engine 16 from burning oil, and keep the internal parts of the engine 16. lubrication to reduce wear.
  • the inner wall of the oil ring 413 is recessed outward to form an accommodating cavity 4130 , and a supporting spring 4131 is placed inside the accommodating cavity 4130 .
  • the supporting spring 4131 is an annular spring.
  • the cylinder wall of the engine 16 is in close contact to scrape off the lubricating oil on the inner wall of the cylinder of the engine 16 to ensure the oil scraping effect of the oil ring 413, and when installing the oil ring, only two parts need to be installed to improve the installation efficiency of the oil ring 412 .
  • the upper part of the outer wall of the oil ring 413 and the lower part of the oil ring 413 respectively extend outwards away from the inner wall of the oil ring groove 412 to extend a circle of oil scraping convex rings with a gradually decreasing thickness 4133, and a distance is left between the two oil scraping convex rings 4133 to form an oil scraping groove 4135, a plurality of oil inlet holes 4134 are opened at the bottom of the oil scraping groove 4135, and the lubricating oil scraped by the oil scraping convex ring 4133 flows from the oil inlet holes 4134, then through the support spring 4131, and then through the oil hole 4120 into the piston 40. 12, the outer wall of the oil ring 413 is coated with a diamond-like coating 4136, and the diamond-like coating 4136 improves the wear resistance of the oil ring 40.
  • FIG. 14 shows a perspective view of the coupling of the crankshaft 60 and the flywheel 51 of the magneto in the engine 16 .
  • FIG. 15 is a sectional view showing a section along the C-C axis in FIG. 14 , and in FIG. 16 is placed a partial view of B in FIG. 15 .
  • FIG. 17 shows the exploded view of FIG. 15 .
  • the crankshaft 60 not only pushes the piston 40 to move, but also acts as the main shaft of the magneto 50 on the engine 16 to drive the magneto 50 to work.
  • the magneto 50 includes a magneto rotor (not shown in the figure) and a flywheel 51 which is covered outside the magneto rotor.
  • the flywheel 51 includes a magnetic isolation plate 511 close to the crankshaft 60. The edge of the magnetic isolation plate 511 extends away from the crankshaft 60 to form a cylindrical outer cover 512. The outer wall of the overlapping part of the outer cover 512 and the magnetic isolation plate 511 is provided with a Ring gear teeth 513.
  • a circular hole is opened in the middle of the magnetic isolation plate 511, and the hole extends away from the crankshaft 60 to form a hollow truncated flywheel core 514.
  • the end of the crankshaft 60 is inserted into the flywheel core 514, and passes through and the crankshaft 60 connected fixing bolts 52 to press the flywheel wheel core 514 to realize the fixation of the flywheel 51 and the crankshaft 60 .
  • the end of the flywheel core 514 away from the crankshaft 60 extends a circle toward its center to form a bent portion 515 , and the bent portion 515 is in contact with the washer on the fixing bolt 52 to increase the fixing bolt 52
  • the friction force between the flywheel core 514 and the flywheel core 514 is thus firmly fixed to the flywheel 51 .
  • the end of the crankshaft 60 close to the flywheel 51 has a first connecting section 601 and a second connecting section 602 whose thickness gradually becomes thinner toward the flywheel 51 .
  • the thickness of the first connecting section 601 is greater than the thickness of the second connecting section 602 , when the flywheel 51 is installed, the flywheel wheel core 514 is sleeved on the second connecting section 602 .
  • a blind hole 61 is drilled on the crankshaft 60 , and the depth of the blind hole 61 is approximately the sum of the length of the axis of the first connecting segment 601 and the length of the axis of the second connecting segment 602 .
  • the inner wall of the blind hole 61 corresponding to the first connecting section 601 has threads, while the inner wall of the blind hole 61 corresponding to the second connecting section 602 is a smooth surface.
  • the fixing bolt 52 fixes the flywheel 51
  • the thread on the fixing bolt 52 It engages with the thread in the blind hole 61 .
  • the fixing bolt 52 is connected with the crankshaft 60, the thin second connecting section 602 is avoided, the thinnest part of the crankshaft 60 is not stressed, and the engine 16 of the crankshaft 60 works stably.
  • the fixing bolt 52 has a bolt head 522 and a bolt shank 521 composed of a smooth section 5211 and a threaded section 5212, the bolt head 522 is integrated with the bolt shank 521, and the threaded section 5212 on the bolt shank 521 and the blind
  • the inner threads of the hole 61 are screwed together, and the smooth section 5211 of the bolt rod 521 corresponds to the smooth section of the inner wall of the blind hole 61, so the second connecting section 602 of the crankshaft 60 is not stressed and the crankshaft is not deformed.
  • the entire section of the bolt shank may also be provided with external threads. There is no contact between the smooth section of the bolt rod and the inner wall of the blind hole or just sticking together, so there is no interaction force between the bolt rod and the thinnest part of the crankshaft, so the crankshaft is not easily deformed and has good durability.
  • FIG. 18 is a perspective view showing the coupling of the intake system 73 and the oil separator 70 on the engine 16 .
  • Figure 19 shows an exploded view of the oil and gas separator.
  • FIG. 20 shows a cross-sectional view of the coupling of the intake system 73 and the oil separator 70 on the engine 16
  • FIG. 21 also shows an exploded view of the intake system 73 and the oil separator 70 .
  • the combustion of fuel in the combustion chamber generates kinetic energy that pushes the piston 40 to move downward to provide power for the motorcycle 10 , and at the same time, exhaust gas is continuously discharged from the crankcase.
  • the engine 16 when the engine 16 is working, if the exhaust gas discharged from the crankcase is discharged into the atmosphere, it will cause serious pollution to the environment, so the engine 16 also includes an oil-gas separator 70 , and the unburned mixture and oil droplets in the exhaust gas of the engine 16 At the same time, when passing through the oil and gas separator 70, the oil droplets naturally settle back into the engine crankcase under gravity to mix with the lubricating oil, and the rest of the gas enters the engine 16 for re-combustion to achieve effective treatment of crankcase exhaust gas.
  • the oil-gas separator 70 includes a box body 71 and a cover body 72 , and the cover body 72 is connected to the box body 71 .
  • the lower part of the box body 71 is provided with an air inlet pipe 716, and the upper part is provided with an air outlet pipe 717, and the side wall or/and the bottom of the box body 71 are inclined planes.
  • the box body 71 is provided with a plurality of slow-flow chambers 700 that are connected to form a labyrinth structure.
  • the exhaust gas enters the oil-gas separator 70 from the air inlet pipe 716, and after it flows into each slow-flow chamber 700, it will go through multiple backflows and extend the time.
  • the path of the exhaust gas in the slow flow chamber 700 is that the particulate matter and fuel in the exhaust gas gradually settle to the bottom of the box 71 during the back and forth flow of the exhaust gas, and then flow back to the oil collecting pipe of the engine 16 along the pipeline.
  • the oil and gas separator of the labyrinth structure prolongs the passage of the exhaust gas in the inside of the oil and gas separator, the oil and gas separation effect is good, and the volume of the oil and gas separator is small.
  • the exhaust gas flows through the labyrinth-type oil and gas separator, and the oil droplets in the exhaust gas naturally settle back into the crankcase of the engine, and the rest of the gas enters the engine for re-burning.
  • the box body 71 is provided with a first partition plate 710 extending from the side wall of the box body 71 to the bottom wall of the box body 71, extending from the end of the first partition plate 710 along the width direction of the box body 71, and then After turning again, the second partition plate 720 extending along the length direction of the box body 71 to the bottom of the box body 71, and the second partition plate 720 separating the space surrounded by the first partition plate 710 and the second partition plate 720 into two connected spaces. Three separators 730.
  • the first partition plate 710 , the second partition plate 720 and the third partition plate 730 enclose the space inside the box body 71 out of the above-mentioned slow-flow chamber 700 .
  • the first partition 710 is along the box body 71 .
  • the bottom end of the plate body extending in the length direction is provided with a gap 7100, and the first chamber 711 and the second chamber 712 are communicated with each other through the gap 7100, and the fuel and particulate matter in the slow flow chamber can pass through the gap 7100. back into the first chamber 711 .
  • the upper end of the second partition plate 720 that separates the second chamber 712 and the third chamber 713 has an opening 7200 , the end of the first partition plate 710 that separates the third chamber 713 and the third chamber 714 and the inner wall of the box body 71 There is no connection between them, so as to form a through port 7300 for waste circulation; and after the exhaust gas entering from the intake pipe 716 enters the first chamber 711, it will enter the second chamber 712 through the above-mentioned gap, and then there is a second chamber 712. The upper part of the second chamber 712 enters the third chamber 713, and then enters the fourth chamber 740 from the unconnected part between the end of the first partition plate 710 and the inner wall of the box body 71.
  • the exhaust gas of the engine 16 enters the air intake pipe 716 of the oil and gas separator 70 , the air intake pipe 716 is located at the lowest end of the oil and gas separator, and the air intake pipe 716 of the oil and gas separator opens toward the top of the oil and gas separator 70 .
  • the intake pipe 716 of the oil-gas separator 70 communicates with the first chamber 711 .
  • the air outlet pipe 717 of the oil and gas separator 70 is located above the air inlet pipe 716 ;
  • the air intake system 73 includes an air filter box 731 , an air filter element 732 and an engine intake pipe 733 located in the air filter box 731 , and the outlet of the air outlet pipe 717 of the oil-gas separator 70 Towards the intake port 719 of the engine intake pipe 733 .
  • the air filter box 731 includes a box body 7311 and a box cover 7312.
  • the oil and gas separator 70 is arranged on the box cover 7312, and one end of the box cover 7312 is partially recessed downward for a mounting position 7312a, where the oil and gas separator 70 is placed.
  • a section is recessed along the longitudinal direction of the air filter box 731 to form a positioning groove 7312b communicating with the installation position 7312a, and the air outlet pipe 717 of the oil and gas separator 70 is placed on the positioning groove 7312b.
  • Two engine air intake pipes are correspondingly arranged in the box 7311, the two engine air intake pipes 733 are inclined towards the direction of the air filter element 732, and the air outlet of the air outlet pipe 717 of the oil and gas separator 70 corresponds to one of the engine air intake pipes 733, and The air filter element 732 is far away from the engine intake pipe 733 .
  • the air outlet 719 of the air outlet pipe 717 faces the direction of the engine air intake pipe 733 ; the exhaust gas discharged from the air outlet pipe 717 enters the engine air intake pipe 733 .
  • An air filter element 732 is placed in the air filter box 731 , the air filter element 732 is located on one side of the air filter box 731 , and the oil-gas separator 70 is located on the other side of the air filter box 731 .
  • FIG. 22 shows a front view of the shift member 80 on the engine 16 lacking one of the anti-separation rings 84 .
  • FIG. 23 shows an exploded view of the shift member 80 on the engine 16 .
  • the engine 16 further includes a shift member 80 associated with the crankshaft 60 .
  • the shift member 80 includes a ring gear 81 and a gear seat 82 concentric with the ring gear 81 .
  • the gear seat 82 is provided with a plurality of anti-rotation grooves 822
  • the ring gear 81 is provided with a plurality of gear teeth
  • the ring gear 81 is provided with a first anti-rotation block 811
  • the gear seat 82 is provided with a second anti-rotation block 821;
  • the first anti-rotation block 811 and the second anti-rotation block 821 are matched
  • the first anti-rotation block 811 is partially located in the anti-rotation groove 822, so that when the ring gear 81 rotates, the corresponding part between the first anti-rotation block 811 and the second anti-rotation block 821 allows the ring gear 81 to push
  • the gear seat 82 rotates; the inner wall of the ring gear 81 is provided with a groove portion
  • the driving gear in the engine 16 rotates, it drives the gear base 82 to rotate together.
  • the gear base 82 rotates, the inner wall of the accommodating slot 800 squeezes the damping leaf spring 83, and provides resistance to the rotation of the gear base 82 under the elastic force of the damping leaf spring 83 , the resistance constitutes a buffer force; thus, it protects the gears and reduces the noise generated during shifting.
  • the ring gear is connected to the anti-releasing ring piece 84 , and the anti-releasing ring piece 84 is divided into two groups.
  • the rings are connected, and the anti-dropping ring piece 84 limits the damping plate spring.
  • the anti-releasing ring piece 84 may also be one piece.
  • this embodiment is different from the above-mentioned implementation in that the The shock plate spring 83 is replaced with a shock spring 85, the ring gear 81b is provided with a first notch 819, the gear seat 82b is provided with a second notch 829, the first notch 819 and the second notch 829 are combined with each other to form a square through hole , the damping spring 85 is arranged in the square through hole formed by the first notch 819 and the second notch 829 .
  • a first positioning block 851 and a second positioning block 852 are provided in the accommodating opening formed by the first gap 819 and the second gap 829;
  • the first positioning block 851 is provided with a first ring groove 8511, and one end of the shock-absorbing spring 85 Insert into the first ring groove 8511;
  • the second positioning block 852 is provided with a second ring groove 8521, the other end of the damping spring 85 is inserted into the second ring groove, the gear seat 82b rotates relative to the ring gear 81b, and the damping spring 85 is compressed to
  • the first and second positioning blocks abut against each other.
  • the first and second positioning blocks can be replaced with metal posts, the shock-absorbing spring 85 is sleeved on the metal posts, and the axial length of the metal posts is smaller than that of the shock-absorbing spring.
  • FIG. 26 shows a perspective view of the engine housing 90 on the engine 16 .
  • FIG. 27 is a cross-sectional view showing the engine case 90 .
  • the engine 16 further includes a noise reduction engine casing 90, the engine casing 90 includes a housing 91 and a noise reduction plate 92, the noise reduction plate 92 reduces the noise generated by the engine 16 during operation.
  • Eight protruding ribs 912 arranged along the circumference of the housing 91 are integrated on the inner wall of the housing 91 , and each protruding rib 912 is locally thickened near the center of the housing 91 to form a support column 9121 .
  • Eight support columns 9121 are fixed on the left side cover of the engine by bolts (not shown in the figure).
  • the noise reduction plate 92 is connected to the housing 91 by pressing bolts 931 and spacers 932. Specifically, the noise reduction plate 92 is pressed on the boss 915 on the housing 91, and the noise reduction plate 92 thickens the housing 91.
  • the thickness of the shell can reduce the vibration of the casing and realize the noise reduction effect.
  • the upper part of the noise reduction plate 92 is wrapped with a shock-absorbing pad 922 made of vulcanized rubber.
  • the shock-absorbing pad 922 is in contact with the rib 912 on the housing 91, and after the pressing bolt 931 is connected to the housing 91, the pressing bolt 931 exerts pressure on the noise reduction plate 92 so that the noise reduction plate 92 is bent and deformed.
  • the contact surface between the vibration damping pad 922 and the housing 91 is large, the vibration absorption effect is good, and it is ensured that after the noise reduction plate and the vibration damping pad 922 are installed on the housing 91, the thickness of the housing 91 is maintained within a certain range, and further It is ensured that the volume of the engine 10 will not be greatly changed, and it is convenient for the engine to be installed on the frame.
  • a plurality of strip-shaped or fan-shaped weight reduction through holes 923 are opened on the noise reduction plate 92 , and the weight reduction through holes 923 are annularly arranged on the noise reduction plate 92 .
  • the weight-reducing through hole 923 reduces the weight of the engine casing 90 and facilitates installation, and the vibration on the noise reduction plate 92 can be dissipated at the weight-reducing through hole 923 .
  • the shock absorbing pad 922 can also be completely wrapped on the noise reduction plate 92; the shock absorbing pad 922 can also be provided on the casing 91, or the casing 91 and the noise reduction plate 92 can be respectively provided with shock absorbing pads .
  • FIG. 28 there are a plurality of positioning posts 914 on the inner wall of the housing 91, and a plurality of positioning holes 921 with a U-shaped structure on the noise reduction plate 92.
  • the noise reduction plate 92 is connected to the housing 91 or the positioning holes 921 are set into the positioning column 914 to achieve rapid positioning of the noise reduction panel 92 .
  • a plurality of support bosses 915 are provided on the casing 91 , the noise reduction plate 92 or the shock-absorbing pad 922 located on the noise reduction plate 92 is connected with the support bosses 915 , and a part of the noise reduction plate 92 is not in contact with the casing 91 . contact, it is in the floating state.
  • the support boss 915 supports the noise reduction plate 92 so that the noise reduction plate 92 is partially suspended, so that the vibration transmitted to the noise reduction plate 92 can be better dissipated and the noise is reduced.
  • the noise reduction plate 92 is a metal sheet with a through hole 920 in the middle.
  • the through hole 920 corresponds to the screw hole in the middle of the casing 91, and is then connected to the casing 91 by pressing bolts 931. Press The bolts press the noise reduction plate 92 so that the noise reduction plate 92 is partially recessed.
  • a spacer 932 is sleeved on the pressing bolt 931 , and the spacer 932 is in contact with the noise reduction plate 92 .
  • the spacer block 932 is a rubber block, a plastic block or a metal block, and the spacer block 932 is in the shape of a truncated cone.
  • the pressing bolt After the pressing bolt passes through the spacer block 932, it is connected to the housing 91 through the noise reduction plate 92, and the noise reduction plate cushion
  • the bottom surface of the block 932 with a larger area is in contact with the noise reduction plate 92, and the top surface with a smaller area is in contact with the compression bolt.
  • the compression bolts are matched together, which increases the contact area between the compression bolts and the noise reduction plate, so the pressure of the compression bolts on the noise reduction plate will be separated.
  • the noise board is obviously deformed.
  • FIG. 29 shows a perspective view of the driving gear of the oil pump of the engine 16 , the figure only specifically shows the driving gear, and other structures of the oil pump are not shown.
  • the engine 16 further includes an oil pump, and the oil pump is provided with a driving gear 100.
  • the driving gear 100 includes a wheel disc and gear teeth provided on the wheel disc, wherein the wheel disc is disc-shaped, and the gear teeth are along the wheel. In the circumferential direction of the disc, there are multiple arrays on the edge of the roulette.
  • a socket 101 with a diameter slightly smaller than that of the driving gear 100 is opened in the middle of the driving gear 100 , and the center of the socket 101 is on the same axis as that of the driving gear 100 .
  • the driving gear 100 is provided with a pin hole 102 penetrating the driving gear 100, wherein the pin hole 102 and the socket 101 are communicated with each other, so that the cross-section of the pin hole 102 of the two can be "U"-shaped. Therefore, under this structure, The driving gear 100 will reduce the requirements for the distance between the pin rods that cooperate with the pin holes and the diameter of the pin rods. In the case of an inward error in the distance between the two pin rods, it will not affect the machine. performance of the oil pump.
  • the two pin holes 102 are symmetrical along the center axis of the drive gear 100 .
  • the driving gear 100 is also provided with an annular groove 103, which is concentric with the sleeve hole 101, and the distance from the annular groove 103 to the center of the drive gear 100 is greater than the distance from the inner wall of the pin hole to the center of the drive gear.
  • FIG. 30 shows a perspective view of the shift hub on the engine 16 .
  • FIG. 31 shows a cross-sectional view of the shift mechanism 110 of the engine 16 along the axis, which shows the shift hub 111 and the induction magnet 113 of the shift mechanism 110, and the Hall sensor 112.
  • FIG. 32 shows an exploded view of the shift hub 111 of the shift mechanism 110 , the induction magnet 113 , and the Hall sensor 112 .
  • the shifting structure 110 includes an input shaft, an output shaft, a shift paddle, and a shift hub with a shift groove, wherein a plurality of gears are provided on the input shaft, and the input shaft is drive-connected to the crankshaft, and further The crankshaft can drive the input shaft to rotate, the gear on the input shaft is sleeved on the input shaft through the canine teeth, and then can slide back and forth on the input shaft, and the input shaft can also rotate with the gear on the drive; the end of the output shaft is provided with a crankset , the crankset is connected with the rear wheel through a chain drive, a plurality of gears are also sleeved on the output shaft, and the gears on the output shaft and the input shaft are meshed with each other, the shift paddle has one or more, and one end of the shift paddle is It is inserted between the gears of the output shaft and/or the gears of the input shaft, and the other end is clamped into the shift groove of the
  • the inside of the shift hub 111 is a hollow structure, which reduces the weight of the entire engine, reduces the weight of the entire motorcycle 10 , and improves the maneuverability of the motorcycle 10 .
  • Mounting bearings 116 are sleeved at the close two ends of the shift hub 111 , and the mounting bearings 116 are connected to the crankcase of the engine 16 .
  • a positioning star wheel 115 is connected to one end of the shifting hub 111 through a locking screw 1151 .
  • the induction magnet 113 is provided at the other end of the shift hub 111 .
  • a bayonet 1112 with a circular cross-section is provided on the end of the shift hub 111 where the induction magnet 113 is installed, and the bayonet 1112 communicates with the above-mentioned chamber of the shift hub 111.
  • the inner wall of the inductive magnet 1112 extends to the axis of the bayonet 1112 to form the anti-rotation bump 1113, the induction magnet 113 is partially inserted into the bayonet 1112, and the bottom end of the induction magnet 113 is formed with an anti-separation prevention that fits with the inner wall of the bottom end of the bayonet 1112. Convex 1131 .
  • the anti-separation protrusion 1131 is arranged in the cavity of the shift hub 111 and abuts against the inner wall of the upper end of the cavity.
  • the induction magnet 113 is provided with an annular raised portion 1133, the diameter of the raised portion 1133 is larger than the diameter of the bayonet 1112, that is, the minimum diameter of the raised portion 1113 is larger than the diameter of the bayonet 1112, the raised portion 1133 and the shift hub 111
  • the housings cooperate to prevent the induction magnet 113 from sliding into the chamber.
  • two anti-rotation openings 1132 are provided on the side wall of the induction magnet 113.
  • the two anti-rotation openings 1132 are symmetrically arranged and the two anti-rotation openings 1132 are not communicated with each other. 1132 among them.
  • the Hall sensor 112 and the dashboard 18 of the motorcycle 10 are connected by wires.
  • the Hall sensor 112 corresponds to the induction magnet 113, and there is a certain distance between the Hall sensor 112 and the induction magnet 113, so that the two are not in contact.
  • the induction magnet and the Hall sensor will not fail due to wear, and at the same time, the two rotate with each other. Only by measuring the relative rotation angle between the two through the Hall sensor, you can understand the rotation angle of the shift hub, and then understand the change.
  • the position of the gear hub determines the gear position of the vehicle. When shifting gears, after the shifting hub 111 rotates 30°, the relative rotation between the induction magnet and the sensor will cause the current change of the Hall sensor. After these changes are processed by the motorcycle controller 17, the information can be converted into It is displayed on the instrument panel 18 as a digital signal.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Shafts, Cranks, Connecting Bars, And Related Bearings (AREA)
  • Lubrication Details And Ventilation Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Lubrication Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)

Abstract

一种摩托车（10）及其发动机（16），摩托车（10）包括车架（11），前车轮（12），后车轮（13），悬挂系统（19）；悬挂系统（19）包括联接前车轮（12）至车架（11）的前悬架（191）及联接后车轮（13）至车架（11）的后悬架（192）；发动机（16）包括平衡装置（20），平衡装置（20）包括第一平衡轴组件（21）及第二平衡轴组件（22），第一平衡轴组件（21）及第二平衡轴组件（22）分别位于发动机（16）的两侧。

Description

一种摩托车及其发动机 技术领域
本申请属于摩托车技术领域，尤其是涉及一种发动机及采用该发动机的摩托车。
背景技术
发动机作为整台摩托车的心脏，在摩托车经由第一阶段发展到第四阶段的过程中，摩托车发动机一直都在被不断的改进，不断的完善，性能也在不断的提高，同时也根据摩托车发动机的不同，对发动机进行了分类。
关于发动机的分类；
1、按照发动机所使用的燃料不同，将发动机分为汽油机和柴油机。使用汽油为燃料的内燃机称为汽油机；使用柴油机为燃料的内燃机称为柴油机。汽油机与柴油机比较各有特点；汽油机转速高，质量小，噪音小，起动容易，制造成本低；柴油机压缩比大，热效率高，经济性能和排放性能都比汽油机好。
2、按照发动机完成一个工作循环所需的行程数可分为四行程发动机和二行程发动机。把曲轴转两圈(720°)，活塞在气缸内上下往复运动四个行程，完成一个工作循环的内燃机称为四行程发动机；而把曲轴转一圈(360°)，活塞在气缸内上下往复运动两个行程，完成一个工作循环的发动机称为二行程发动机。
3、按照发动机冷却方式的不同，可以分为水冷发动机和风冷发动机。水冷发动机是利用在气缸体和气缸盖冷却水套中进行循环的冷却液作为冷却介质进行冷却的；而风冷发动机是利用流动于气缸体与气缸盖外表面散热片之间的空气作为冷却介质进行冷却的；水冷发动机冷却均匀，工作可靠，冷却效果好。
4、按照发动机上的气缸数目不同，分为单缸发动机和多缸发动机。仅有一个气缸的发动机称为单缸发动机；有两个及两个以上气缸的发动机称为多缸发动机。
5、按照发动机气缸排列方式不同可以分为单列式和双列式。单列式发动机的各个气缸排成一列，一般是垂直布置的，但为了降低高度，有时也把气缸布置成倾斜的甚至水平的；双列式发动机把气缸排成两列，两列之间的夹角<180°(一般为90°)称为V型发动机，若两列之间的夹角＝180°称为对置式发动机。
当发动机处在工作状态时，活塞的运动速度非常快，而且速度很不均匀。当 活塞位于上下止点位置时，其速度为零，但在上下止点中间位置的速度则达到最高。由于活塞在气缸内做反复的高速直线运动，因此必然会在活塞、活塞销和连杆上产生较大的惯性力。虽然连杆上的配重可以有效地平衡这些惯性力，但却只有一部分运动质量参与直线运动，另一部分参与了旋转。因而除了上下止点位置外，其它惯性力并不能完全达到平衡状态，此时的发动机便产生了振动。
为了消除这种振动，现有发动机中普遍采安装有和曲轴同步转动的平衡轴，通过平衡轴在转动时产生反向的振动力使发动机获得良好的平衡效果，降低发动机振动，目前现有摩托车发动机上的平衡轴为一根偏心设置有两块凸块的金属轴，该平衡轴的长度较为长，并且轴径大，在安装到发动机上时，该平衡轴所占用的空间大，进而安装该平衡轴时存在局限性，平衡轴只能安装到发动机的最下面。
申请内容
本申请为了克服现有技术的不足，提供一种减少震动且结构紧凑的摩托车及其发动机。
一种摩托车，包括由金属管、板焊接而成的车架、前车轮、后车轮、燃油系统、车身覆盖件、发动机、及悬挂系统等。悬挂系统包括前悬架和后悬架，在车架的前部接合前悬架，前悬架与前车轮相关联。在车架的后部接合后悬架，后悬架与后车轮相关联。燃油系统设置在车架上，该燃油系统用于给所述发动机提供燃油。摩托车的发动机通过链条驱动后车轮的轮毂上的链轮转动，而后带动后车轮转动，进而后车轮推动摩托车前进。
发动机支撑在车架的中部并靠下位置，且发动机通过轴固定在车架上。所述前车轮或后车轮至少其中之一传动联接至所述发动机，该发动机包括曲轴、连杆、通过连杆与曲轴联接的活塞、与曲轴关联的平衡装置及与所述曲轴相关联的水泵装置。
作为可选的，平衡装置包括与曲轴同步转动以产生抵消曲轴和/或活塞工作时振动的反向振动力的第一平衡轴组件及与曲轴同步转动以产生抵消曲轴和/或活塞工作时振动的反向振动力的第二平衡轴组件，第一平衡轴组件位于发动机一侧，第二平衡轴组件位于发动机另一侧。
可选的，所述第一平衡轴组件包括第一轴体、具有圆心的第一齿轮及第一平 衡块，第一轴体沿着摩托车的宽度方向设置，第一齿轮集成在第一轴体上，且第一平衡块集成在第一齿轮上。
可选的，所述第二平衡轴组件包括第二轴体、具有圆心的第二齿轮及第二平衡块，第二轴体沿着摩托车的宽度方向设置，第二齿集成在第二轴体上，且第二平衡块集成在第二齿轮上。
可选的，所述第一平衡块靠近轮齿的边缘到第一齿轮的圆心的距离小于第一齿轮的齿根到第一齿轮的圆心的距离。
可选的，所述第二平衡块上靠近轮齿的边缘到第二齿轮的圆心的距离小于第二齿轮的齿根到第二齿轮的圆心的距离。
可选的，所述第一齿轮上避开第一平衡块的位置上设置有多个第一减重孔。
可选的，所述第二齿轮上避开第二平衡块的位置上设置有多个第二减重孔。
作为可选的，所述水泵装置位于发动机一侧，且该水泵装置包括水泵及具有开口方向朝向水泵的出液口，所述水泵和所述第一平衡轴组件连接；且第一平衡轴组件上具有润滑油流动腔、连通润滑油流动腔的进油孔及连通润滑油流动腔的出油孔，出油孔到水泵的距离近于进油孔到水泵的距离。
可选的，所述第一轴体上套入有套管，对应套管上套入有密封圈，密封圈上设置有至少两个和套管接触的密封部。
可选的，所述密封圈包括外密封环、中密封环及内密封环，且所述外密封环、中密封环及内密封环构成的截面形状大致为“工”字形，所述密封部设置在内密封环上。
可选的，所述内密封环的截面形状为“W”形。
可选的，所述套管上设置有耐磨涂层。
可选的，所述活塞的高度方向的轴线的长度为Lα，所述活塞的截面的直径为Lφ，其中Lα与Lφ的比值为0.30-0.40:1.0。
可选的，所述活塞的中间设置两个具有销孔的销毂，两个销毂之间设置加强筋，加强筋上通过切削形成有润滑油孔。
可选的，所述活塞包括活塞头和与活塞头集成在一起的活塞裙，所述销毂上设置有与活塞裙连接的连接筋。
可选的，所述活塞由上至下设置有气环槽及具有油孔的油环槽，所述油环槽 上套入有油环，该油环的内壁向外凹陷形成容置腔，容置腔内设置有撑簧。
可选的，所述油环的外壁局部凸起以形成两个具有间距的刮油凸环，且两个刮油凸环之间开有多个进油孔。
可选的，所述油环外壁上设置有类金刚石涂层。
作为可选的，所述发动机还包括磁电机，该磁电机包括磁电机转子及与磁电机转子相关联的飞轮，飞轮上具有套入到曲轴一端上的飞轮轮芯，飞轮轮芯通过固定螺栓固定于曲轴上。
可选的，所述曲轴靠近飞轮的一端具有第一连接段和与飞轮轮芯相关联的第二连接段，第一连接段的厚度大于第二连接段；所述曲轴上设置有盲孔，盲孔对应第一连接段的内壁上设置有内螺纹，所述固定螺栓的螺纹与盲孔的内壁上的内螺纹相啮合。
可选的，所述固定螺栓包括螺栓杆和与所述螺栓杆一体的螺栓头，所述螺栓杆上设置有螺纹段和光滑段，光滑段的侧壁与第二连接段所对应的盲孔的内壁之间不受力。
可选的，所述飞轮轮芯远离曲轴的端部向着飞轮轮芯的圆心方向延伸以形成与固定螺栓相关联的弯折部。
作为可选的，所述发动机还包括进气系统及具有进气管和出气管的油气分离器，所述进气系统包括空滤箱、设置在空滤箱内的空气滤芯及进气口位于空滤箱内的发动机进气管，所述油气分离器的出气管的出口和发动机进气管的进气口相对应。
可选的，所述油气分离器设置在所述空滤箱上，且该油气分离器的出气管的出口设置在空滤箱内。
可选的，所述空滤箱包括箱体及与箱体连接的箱盖，箱盖上设置有安装位，油气分离器固定在安装位内。
可选的，所述箱盖上设置有和与安装位连通的定位槽，油气分离器的出气管设置在定位槽上。
可选的，所述油气分离器上设置有多个相连通以构成迷宫结构的缓流腔。
可选的，多个所述缓流腔分别为：第一腔室、与第一腔室相邻的第二腔室、与第二腔室相邻的第三腔室及与第三腔室相邻的第四腔室，所述进气管与所述第 一腔室连通，所述出气管与所述第四腔室连通。
可选的，所述进气管位于所述第一腔室最低位置处。
可选的，所述油气分离器包括盒体及与盒体连接以封闭盒体内部空间的盒盖，盒体上设置有具有倾斜面的盒体底壁和具有倾斜的弧面的盒体侧壁，进气管的一端与盒体底壁连接。
可选的，盒体内设置有由盒体侧壁延伸到盒体底壁的第一隔板、由第一隔板的侧壁先沿着盒体宽度方向延伸而后再转弯沿着盒体长度方向延伸到盒体底部的第二隔板及将第一隔板与第二隔板围绕出的空间分隔为两个连通的空间的第三隔板。
作为可选的，所述发动机还包括发动机外壳，该发动机外壳包括壳体、与壳体连接的降噪板及连接壳体与降噪板的压紧螺栓。
可选的，所述降噪板通过压紧螺栓固定于壳体上，压紧螺栓与壳体连接。
可选的，降噪板上固定有减震垫，减震垫与壳体相接触。
可选的，所述压紧螺栓上套入有与降噪板连接的垫块。
可选的，所述壳体上设置有多个定位柱，降噪板上设置有套入至定位柱上的定位孔。
可选的，所述定位孔沿着降噪板的圆周方向设置在降噪板上，且定位孔为U形孔。
可选的，所述降噪板上设置有多个减重孔，减重通孔沿着降噪板的圆周方向等间距排列。
可选的，所述壳体内壁上设置有支撑凸台，降噪板与支撑凸台连接。
作为可选的，所述发动机还包括换挡部件，该换挡部件包括具有轮齿的齿圈、与齿圈同心的齿轮座及减震板簧，减震板簧部分与齿圈相接触，另一部分与齿轮座相接触；所述齿轮座相对齿圈转动，且在齿轮座相对齿圈转动时，减震板簧受压力变形而对齿轮座施加阻力。
可选的，所述齿轮座上沿着齿圈圆周方向等间距设置有多个止转槽。
可选的，所述齿圈内壁上设置有槽部，所述齿轮座上设置有与槽部相对应的容置槽，减震板簧设置在容置槽内，且减震板簧的两端分别与凹槽的两个内壁相接触。
可选的，所述槽部沿着所述齿圈周向的长度小于所述减震板簧在展平状态下的长度。
可选的，所述齿圈上设置有第一止转块，所述齿轮座上设置有第二止转块，当齿轮座相对齿圈转动时，齿轮座挤压板簧形变至第一止转块和第二止转块相接触。
可选的，所述减震板簧的截面为拱形。
可选的，所述齿圈的侧壁上通过螺钉固定有侧壁与减震板簧相对应的防脱环片。
作为可选的，所述发动机还包括具有多个变档槽的变档毂及与仪表盘通信连接的霍尔传感器，变档鼓上设置有与霍尔传感器相对应且具有间距的感应磁铁。
可选的，所述变档鼓上设有卡口，感应磁铁部分插入至所述卡口内。
可选的，所述卡口内壁上设有止转凸块,感应磁铁上设有与止转凸块相关联的止转口。
可选的，所述感应磁铁上设有凸起部，凸起部的直径大于所述卡口的口径。
本申请的优点在于：
1、第一平衡轴组件和第二平衡轴组件可根据需要安装到发动机不同位置，平衡轴安装位置具有多样性，在发动机上占用的空间小，进而发动机结构紧凑，摩托车整车机构紧凑，行驶时风阻低，操控性好。
2、第一平衡轴组件和第二平衡轴组件分开设置在发动机左右两侧，两个平衡轴组件可分开抵消发动机上的两个活塞的振动，减少发动机振动，提高摩托车舒适性。
3、冷却液冲击水泵，在水泵上形成朝向第一轴体方向的横向推力，第一轴上体的润滑油对第一轴体施加朝向水泵方向的推力，两个推力相互抵消，第一轴体在发动机上不会发生横向偏移，保障平衡轴组件在发动机上稳定性。
附图说明
图1为本申请发动机驱动下的摩托车的左侧视图。
图2为本申请发动机的立体图。
图3为图2中的发动机的另一视角的立体图。
图4为图2中曲轴和平衡装置相关联的立体图。
图5为图2中平衡装置的另一形态的立体图。
图6为图2中平衡装置为只有一根贯穿发动机的平衡轴的立体图。
图7为图2中水泵装置及第一平衡轴组件的爆炸图。
图8为图2中水泵及第一平衡轴组件相关联的立体图。
图9为图2中水泵及第一平衡轴组件相关联的剖视图。
图10为图7中密封圈的立体图。
图11为图7中密封圈的剖视图。
图12为图1中活塞和连杆的正视图。
图13为图12中安装有活塞销的爆炸图。
图14为图1中的转子与曲轴立体图。
图15为图14中C-C处剖视图。
图16为图15中B处放大图。
图17为图15的爆炸图。
图18为图1中空滤箱的立体图。
图19为18中油气分离器的爆炸图。
图20为图18的剖视图。
图21为图18的爆炸图。
图22为图1中换挡齿轮的立体图。
图23为图21中换挡齿轮的爆炸图。
图24为图23中另一个种换挡齿轮正视图。
图25为图24中换挡齿轮采用减震弹簧的爆炸图。
图26为图1中发动机壳的立体图。
图27为图26中的剖视图。
图28为图26中的爆炸图。
图29为图1中油泵齿轮的立体图。
图30为图1中霍尔传感器和变档毂的立体图。
图31为图1中霍尔传感器和变档毂相关联的剖视图。
图32为图1中霍尔传感器和变档毂的爆炸图。
具体实施方式
为了使本技术领域的人员更好的理解本申请方案，下面将结合本申请实施例 中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整的描述，并且下面对本申请涉及的结构或这些所使用的技术术语做可选的说明，若无特殊指明，按照本领域通用的一般所属进行理解和解释。在本申请中出现的“第一”、“第二”等用语仅是为了方便描述，以区分具有相同名称的不同组成部件，并不表示先后或主次关系。在接下来的说明中，前后方向和左右方向对应基于乘骑者的视角的方向，且将前、后、左、右、上、下的方向的描述为图1中所示的方向。
动态密封
动态是指两零件之间发生相对动作，即其中一个零件不动，另一个零件相对转动或平移；密封是指两个零件之间通过接触，空气、液体等介质无法从两个零件的接触点间通过；由此动态密封是指两个可以发生相对转动或移动的零件之间，相互接触之后仍然保持液体和/或气体无法通过。
冷却液
冷却液是保证水冷式发动机正常工作必不可少的工作介质，用于在水泵的泵送下，循环流动来吸收温度，目前常规的冷却液多为水。
横向
本申请中的横向为具体沿着曲轴长度方向。
轴向压力
轴向压力是指沿着轴的长度方向所形成的压力，该力的方向为与轴的长度方向相平行。
光滑
为壁的表面无明显的凸起、螺纹；例如螺栓的螺栓杆上无螺纹的部分，或者是盲孔的内壁无螺纹，且仅为无螺纹或无凸起则为壁表面光滑。
图1为示出了本申请实施方式发动机16驱动的摩托车10的左侧视图。
参考图1，摩托车10包括由金属管、板焊接而成的车架11、前车轮12、后车轮、13、燃油系统14、车身覆盖件15、发动机16、控制器17、仪表盘18及悬挂系统19等。该摩托车10是大排量两轮燃油摩托车，当然在其他的实施例中，摩托车也可以为四轮越野摩托车。悬挂系统19包括前悬架191和后悬架192，在车架的11前部接合前悬架191，前悬架191与前车轮12相关联。在车架11的后部接合后悬架，后悬架与后车轮13相关联。燃油系统14设置在车架11上， 该燃油系统14用于给所述发动机16提供燃油。
摩托车10的发动机16的通过链条(图未示)驱动后车轮13的轮毂131上的链轮1311转动，而后带动后车轮13转动，进而后车轮13推动摩托车10前进。发动机16支撑在车架11的中部并靠下位置，且发动机16通过螺栓固定在车架11上。
图2为示出由7右前方看本实用新型发动机16的立体图，且该图中未示出右侧的发动机外壳。图3为示出由左前方看本实用新型发动机16的立体图，该图中未示出有左侧的发动机外壳。
参考图2和图3及图7，在发动机16上设置有燃烧室(图未示)，燃油系统14的燃油沿着管路进入到燃烧室内，然后经发动机16的火花塞(图未示)点燃燃油，燃油在燃烧室内产生推动活塞40向下运动的动能，为摩托车10提供动力。该发动机16包括气缸体161、气缸盖162、气缸盖罩163、曲轴箱164、水泵装置30、曲轴60、平衡装置20、活塞40及进气系统73。
图4示出图2中发动机10中的曲轴60和平衡装置20相关联的立体图。
在一些实施例中，参照图4，平衡装置20其实就是一个随着曲轴60同步转动的一个或两个平衡轴，利用平衡装置20在转动时所产生反向振动力，使发动机获得良好的平衡效果，降低发动机16的振动。平衡装置20具有以下部件：偏置在发动机16右侧的第一平衡轴组件21及偏置在发动机16左侧的第二平衡轴组件22。第一平衡轴组件21和第二平衡轴组件22在发动机16上不要求对称设置，主要是根据第一平衡轴组件21的质心和第二平衡轴组件22的质心在发动机16上的位置来实现对发动机16的平衡，降低发动机16的振动。第一平衡轴组件21和第二平衡轴组件22分装在发动机16不同的位置，第一平衡轴组件21和第二平衡轴组件22安装位置具有多样性，在发动机16上占用的空间小，使得摩托车10的发动机16的结构紧凑。
如上所述，第一平衡轴组件21通过齿轮或链轮与曲轴60的右端联动，第一平衡轴组件21包括第一轴体211、第一齿轮212及第一平衡块213。第一轴体211沿着摩托车10的宽度方向设置在曲轴箱164内。第一轴体211与第一齿轮212集成在一起，为一体式结构；当然也可以为分体式结构，然后通过压装或通过螺栓连接的方式进行两者连接，从而实现第一轴体211和第一齿轮212同步转 动。
另外，第一齿轮212靠近第一轴体211的周边一圈由左向右凸出从而形成一圈凸环2122，由凸环2122上将近三分之一的外缘向着第一齿轮212的轮齿方向延伸形成扇形的第一平衡块213，因此第一平衡块213为第一齿轮212的一部分；从而整个第一平衡轴组件21的结构紧凑，在发动机16内部占用空间小，发动机16的结构紧凑。第一平衡块213靠近轮齿的边缘到第一齿轮212的圆心的距离小于第一齿轮212的齿根到第一齿轮212的圆心的距离。从而第一齿轮212上的轮齿厚度一致，第一齿轮212与曲轴60上的齿轮相啮合后，各个轮齿受力一致以保证第一齿轮212工作稳定。
一并参照图4所示，第一齿轮212上在第一平衡块213占用的部分以外的区域，开有五个第一减重孔2121，五个第一减重孔2121沿着第一齿轮212的圆周方向排列，且相邻的两个第一减重孔2121之间的间距相同。第一齿轮212上只有一部分设置第一减重孔2121，从而第一齿轮212形成偏心的齿轮以在转动的时候会形成振动，第一齿轮212产生的振动和第一平衡块213产生的振动相互加成，提高发动机16的减振效果。
如图4所示，第二平衡轴组件22通过齿轮与曲轴60的左轴颈的齿轮啮合，实现第二平衡轴组件22与曲轴60同步动作。第二平衡轴组件22包括第二轴体221、第二齿轮222及第二平衡块223。第二轴体221沿着摩托车10的宽度方向设置在曲轴箱30内。第二轴体221与第二齿轮222集成在一起，为一体式结构；当然也可以为分体式结构，然后通过压装或通过螺栓连接的方式进行两者连接，从而实现第二轴体221和第二齿轮222同步转动。
另外，第二齿轮222靠近第二轴体221周向一圈由左向右凸出从而形成一圈凸环2222,由凸环2222上将近三分之一的外缘向着第二齿轮222的轮齿方向延伸形成扇形的第二平衡块223，因此第二平衡块223为第二齿轮222的一部分；从而整个第二平衡轴组件22的结构紧凑，在发动机16内部占用空间小，发动机16的结构紧凑。第二平衡块223上靠近轮齿的边缘到第二齿轮222的圆心的距离小于第二齿轮222的齿根到第二齿轮222的圆心的距离。从而第二齿轮222上的轮齿厚度一致，第二齿轮222与曲轴60上的齿轮相啮合后，各个轮齿受力一致以保证第二齿轮222工作稳定。
一并参照图3和图4所示，第二齿轮222上在第二平衡块223占用的部分以外的区域，开有五个第二减重孔2221，五个第二减重孔2221沿着第二齿轮222的圆周方向排列，且相邻的两个第二减重孔2221之间的间距相同。第二齿轮222上只有一部分设置第二减重孔2221，从而第二齿轮222形成偏心的齿轮以在转动的时候会形成振动，第二齿轮222产生的振动和第二平衡块223产生的振动相互加成，提高发动机16的减振效果。
图5示出图2中发动机10中平衡装置20的另一形态的立体图。
上述实施例为本申请的一种形态，在不脱离本申请的主旨的范围内，也可以进行适当的变更，一并参照图5，在一些实施例中，其中，第一平衡块213b集成到第一轴体211b上，第一平衡块213b作第一轴体211b的一部分，然后第一轴体211b上再连接齿轮或者是链轮以与曲轴联动。
上述实施例为本申请的一种形态，在不脱离本申请的主旨的范围内，也可以进行适当的变更，一并例如参照图5，在一些实施例中，其中，第二平衡块223b集成到第二轴体221b上，第二平衡块223b作第二轴体221b的一部分，然后第二轴体221b上再连接齿轮或者是链轮以与曲轴联动。
图6示出图2中发动机10中平衡装置20为只有一根贯穿发动机16的平衡轴的立体图。
当然了，除了上述几个实施例的方式以外，参考图6，在一些其他实施例中，发动机16的平衡装置20为只有一根贯穿发动机16的平衡轴23。平衡轴23包括一根轴231和两个平衡块232，两个平衡块231中的一个集成在靠近轴231的右端，另一个集成在靠近轴231的左端。平衡块232为集成在轴231上的扇形块，每个平衡块232位于发动机16的一侧，并且两个平衡块232的位置对称。
图7示出图2中发动机10中水泵装置30及第一平衡轴组件21的爆炸图。图8示出图2中发动机10中水泵32及第一平衡轴组件21相关联的立体图。图9示出图2中发动机10中水泵32及第一平衡轴组件21的剖视图。
参考图7和图8，第一平衡轴组件21或者是第二平衡轴组件22中的一个用来传递曲轴60的动能给水泵装置30。也就是说，第一平衡轴组件21或者是第二平衡轴组件22中的一个不但减轻发动机60的振动，还驱动水泵装置30工作。冷却液对第一平衡轴组件21或者是第二平衡轴组件22的轴向压力和润滑油对第 一平衡轴组件21或者是第二平衡轴组件22的轴向压力相反而两力相互抵消，保持第一平衡轴组件21或者是第二平衡轴组件22在发动机60不会移动，进而第一平衡轴组件21或者是第二平衡轴组件22在发动机60的位置稳定，在本申请中第一平衡轴组件21的第一轴体211作为水泵装置30的动力轴。
其中水泵装置30包括水泵壳31和水泵32，水泵壳31通过螺栓固定到发动机16的右侧，水泵壳31与发动机16主体之间设有一圈橡胶的密封件33。水泵壳31上设置有由前向后延伸形成至发动机16中部的进液通道311，进液通道311的出液端的内壁为弧形面形成转弯，冷却液由进液通道311的进液端进入，然后在出液端转弯进入到水泵32。在水泵壳31靠近进液通道311出液端处设置有连通进液通道311的水泵腔312，水泵32设置在水泵腔312内。水泵腔312的周边形成有“6”字形的流道313，冷却液经过进液通道进入，再进入至位于水泵腔312内的水泵32当中，水泵32泵送冷却液进入至流道313内，然后再经过流道313流入发动机16的冷却管道(图中未示出)内，对发动机进行冷却。
另外，水泵32包括叶轮321和端盖322，叶轮321具有曲面盖3211和多个叶片3212，曲面盖3211的右侧壁的弯曲形状与水泵腔312的内壁弯曲形状相同，曲面盖3211与水泵腔312侧壁之间相贴合。曲面盖3211上设置有进液开口3213，进液开口3213与进液通道311的出液端相对应，冷却液经进液通道311的出液端处转弯后，由进液开口3213进入至水泵32当中。叶片3212为曲面盖3211的一部分，叶片3212的数量为六个，且六个叶片3212沿着曲面盖3211圆周排列。端盖322通过螺栓和叶轮321连接，端盖322上设置有六个定位槽3221，叶片3212远离曲面盖3211的一侧嵌入到定位槽3221中。
另外，水泵32通过螺栓34连接到第一轴体211上，其实是第一轴体211上设置有平台210，端盖322套入到第一轴体211上之后，端盖322的左侧壁和平台210连接，端盖322在第一轴体211上无法再朝左移动。然后再通过螺栓34和第一轴体211连接，螺栓34压紧叶轮321到第一轴体211上，并且叶轮321压紧端盖322实现水泵32自身的安装和水泵32与平衡轴20的安装。
一并参考图9所示，第一平衡轴组件21上具有润滑油流动腔200、连通润滑油流动腔200的进油孔201及连通润滑油流动腔的出油孔202，出油孔202到水泵的距离近于进油孔201到水泵32的距离，出油口202与套于第一平衡轴组 件21上的轴承24相对应，对套于第一平衡轴组件21上的轴承24进行润滑，减少轴承24的磨损，减轻发动机发热，提高发动机工作效率。
从上述中，可以知道的是，轴承需要润滑油润滑，而水泵则需要泵送冷却液，在平衡轴带动水泵转动的情况下，需要对平衡轴的轴来隔开润滑油和冷却液，以免润滑油被稀释，保证发动机16工作的使用寿命。参考图9，从上述平台210处到第一轴体211的从右往左约三分之一处套入有套管205，在第一轴体211的轴和套管205内壁之间设置密封第一轴体211和套管205的内壁的O形橡胶圈207，限制冷却液和润滑油接触混合。在对应套管205上套入有密封圈206，密封圈206的的内壁和套管205接触，密封圈206的外壁和发动机16连接，第一轴体211随曲轴60联动时，第一轴体211相对密封圈206转动，由此第一轴体211相对密封圈206实现动态密封。
图10示出图7中密封圈206的立体图。图11示出图7中密封圈206的剖视图。
参考图10和图11，密封圈206具有如下结构，密封圈206外壁所在的外密封环2061，和外圈2061连接的中密封环2062，及和套管205的外壁接触的内密封环2063。外密封环2061、中密封环2062及内密封环2063构成的截面形状大致为“工”字形，外密封环2061和中密封环2062的内部设有一圈骨架2064，该骨架2064的具体截面形状为“7”形，而且内密封环2063的具体截面形状为“W”形，因此内密封环2063有两个和套管205接触的密封部2066。当然了，在内密封环2063上对应的触点上套有卡簧或者是环形弹簧2065，以此保证内密封环2063和套管205接触紧密。参考图9，为了减少套管205随着平衡轴20同步转动时套管205的磨损，在套管205上为设置一层耐磨涂层2031，耐磨涂层2031为类金刚石涂层，该耐磨层2031提高第一轴体211的耐磨性，保证密封圈205对第一轴体211的密封性，提高发动机16的使用寿命。
图12为图1中活塞40和连杆401的正视图。
曲轴60在发动机16上除了驱动水泵32工作，更主要的是通过曲轴60在惯性下活塞40向上运动。参考图12，活塞40通过连杆401与曲轴60连接，因此曲轴60带动连杆401动作，从而连杆401推动活塞40向上动作，而燃烧室内燃油燃烧后产生的动能推动活塞40向下动作。活塞40为锻造活塞，该活塞40包 括活塞头41和活塞裙42两个部分，活塞头41和活塞裙42为一体成型。活塞裙42上形成有与曲轴的连杆相连的销孔。
其中沿着活塞40高度方向的轴线的长度为Lα，活塞40的截面的直径为Lφ，其中Lα与Lφ的比值为0.30～0.40:1.0。其活塞40的直径为108mm，活塞40的高度为37mm。其减小活塞40的高度，以降低活塞40在发动机16的气缸壁上滑动的摩擦力，同时活塞40具有轻质化，其重量小，实现活塞40在发动机16的气缸内来回动作的效率高，发动机16的功率输出更强。
另外，参考图13，在活塞40的中间部分设置了两个具有销孔430的销毂43，两个销毂43之间留存间隙，连杆401的上端位于间隙当中。每个销毂43的销孔430的左右两侧上设置连接筋431，连接筋431的一端和销毂43连接，另一端由销毂43的下端部向上倾斜延伸到活塞头41的底部，可以预见的，连接筋431一端和销毂43相连，另一端与活塞40底部的活塞裙相连；且每个连接筋431大致为三角形，即连接筋431具有弧形的形线。连接筋431属于活塞40的一部分，连接筋431增强销毂43在活塞40上的强度，提高活塞40的强度。
一并参考图13，为了提高活塞40的强度，在两个销毂43之间设置两个加强筋433，加强筋433在销孔430的左右两侧。加强筋433强化两个销毂40之间的连接强度，提高活塞40的强度，活塞40工作时不变形，稳定性高。在加强筋433的中间切削出方形的孔以形成润滑油孔4330。润滑油从润滑油孔4330中间流过，对销孔430内的连杆401进行润滑，减少磨损。
另外，一并参考图12和图13，在活塞40上部由上至下依次设置有两个安装气环的气环槽411。在气环槽411的下方设置有油环槽412，油环槽412沿着周向方向上开有多个油孔4120。发动机16的气缸壁上的润滑油从油孔4120进入到活塞40的两个活塞裙42之间。在油环槽412上套入油环413，油环413刮下发动机16的气缸壁上的润滑油到上述油孔4120中，实现回油效果，避免发动机16燃烧机油，保持发动机16内部零部件的润滑，减少磨损。参考图12，油环413的内壁向外凹陷形成容置腔4130，容置腔4130内部放置有撑簧4131，撑簧4131为环形弹簧，撑簧4131撑开油环413以保持油环413与发动机16的气缸壁紧密接触以刮下发动机16的气缸内壁上的润滑油，保障油环413的刮油效果，并且在安装油环时，只需安装两个零件，提高油环412的安装效率。
一并参考图12和图13，油环413的外壁靠上的部位和油环413靠下的部位分别向外远离油环槽412内壁的方向延伸出一圈厚度逐渐变小的刮油凸环4133，且两个刮油凸环4133之间留存间距以形成了刮油槽4135，在刮油槽4135的底部开有多个进油孔4134，刮油凸环4133刮下的润滑油从进油孔4134中流入，然后再经过撑簧4131，再经过油孔4120进入活塞40。一并参考图12，油环413外壁上涂覆有类金刚石涂层4136,类金刚石涂层4136提高了油环40的耐磨性。
图14示出了发动机16中曲轴60和磁电机的飞轮51的联接的立体图。图15为示出了沿着图14中C-C轴线的处剖视图，并且在图16中放到了图15中B的局部图。图17示出了图15的爆炸图。
参考图14和图15，曲轴60不但推动活塞40运动，同时也作为发动机16上的磁电机50的主轴，带动磁电机50工作。磁电机50包括磁电机转子(图中未示出)及罩在磁电机转子外的飞轮51。飞轮51包括靠近曲轴60的隔磁板511，隔磁板511的边缘向着远离曲轴60的方向延伸形成一圈筒形的外罩512，外罩512和隔磁板511相重叠的部分的外壁上设置有一圈轮齿513。在隔磁板511的中间开有圆形孔，该孔向着远离曲轴60的方向延伸形成中空的圆台形的飞轮轮芯514，曲轴60的端部插到飞轮轮芯514内，并通过和曲轴60连接的固定螺栓52来压紧飞轮轮芯514，实现飞轮51和曲轴60固定。
参考图16和图17，飞轮轮芯514远离曲轴60的端部向着其圆心方向延伸出一圈形成弯折部515，弯折部515与固定螺栓52上的垫片接触以增大固定螺栓52和飞轮轮芯514之间的摩擦力，从而对飞轮51固定牢固。
具体的，曲轴60靠近飞轮51的一端具有第一连接段601和厚度朝着飞轮51方向逐渐变薄的第二连接段602，第一连接段601到第二连接段602的连接部位处为一台阶，第一连接段601的厚度大于第二连接段602的厚度，安装飞轮51时，飞轮轮芯514套到第二连接段602上。在曲轴60上钻有盲孔61，盲孔61的深度大致为第一连接段601轴线的长度和第二连接段602轴线的长度的和。在第一连接段601所对应的盲孔61内壁上具有螺纹，而第二连接段602所对应的盲孔61的内壁为光滑面，在固定螺栓52固定飞轮51时，固定螺栓52上的螺纹和盲孔61内的螺纹相啮合。固定螺栓52和曲轴60连接时，避开厚度较薄的第二连接段602，曲轴60最薄的部分不受力，曲轴60发动机16工作稳定。
另外，一并参考图17，固定螺栓52具有螺栓头522及由光滑段5211和螺纹段5212构成螺栓杆521，螺栓头522与螺栓杆521集成在一起，螺栓杆521上的螺纹段5212和盲孔61的内螺纹相螺接在一起，而螺栓杆521的光滑段5211和盲孔61内壁的光滑段相对应，由此曲轴60的第二连接段602不受力，曲轴不变形。当然在一些实施例中也可以将螺栓杆整段都设置外螺纹。螺栓杆的光滑段与盲孔的内壁之间无接触或是仅仅为相贴在一起，因此螺栓杆与曲轴最薄的部分之间无相互作用力，由此曲轴不易变形，耐用性好。
图18为示出了发动机16上的进气系统73和油气分离器70的联接的立体图。图19示出了油气分离器的爆炸图。图20示出了发动机16上进气系统73和油气分离器70的联接的剖视图，并且图21还示出了进气系统73和油气分离器70的爆炸图。
燃油在燃烧室内燃烧产生推动活塞40向下运动的动能，为摩托车10提供动力，同时也会不断的从曲轴箱中排放出废气，废气经由油气分离器70进行油气分离。参考图18，发动机16在工作的时候，曲轴箱排出的废气如果排放到大气会对环境造成污染严重，因此发动机16还包括油气分离器70，发动机16的废气中未燃混合气和机油油滴一起在经过油气分离器70的时候，在重力下机油油滴自然沉降回到发动机曲轴箱内与润滑油混合，其余气体进入发动机16重新燃烧，实现曲轴箱废气的有效处理。
参考图19，油气分离器70包括盒体71及盖体72，盖体72与盒体71连接。盒体71下部设置有进气管716，上部设置有出气管717，盒体71的侧壁或/和底部为倾斜设置的斜面。盒体71内设置多个相连通以构成迷宫结构的缓流腔700，废气由进气管716进入至油气分离器70内部，其流入各个缓流腔700内之后，其会经过多次回流，延长废气在缓流腔700内的路径，此时为废气中的颗粒物质和燃油在废气来回流动的过程中，逐渐沉降到盒体71的底部，然后沿着管道回流到发动机16的集油管。迷宫结构的油气分离器延长废气在油气分离器内部流通的路径，油气分离效果好，油气分离器的体积小。废气经过迷宫式的油气分离器中流动，废气中的机油油滴自然沉降回到发动机的曲轴箱内，其余气体进入发动机重新燃烧。
一并参考图19，盒体71内设置有由盒体71侧壁延伸到盒体71底壁的第一 隔板710、由第一隔板710的末端沿着盒体71宽度方向延伸，然后再转弯后沿着盒体71的长度方向延伸到盒体71底部的第二隔板720，及将第一隔板710与第二隔板720围绕出的空间分隔为两个连通的空间的第三隔板730。第一隔板710、第二隔板720及第三隔板730将盒体71内部的空间围出上述的缓流腔700。缓流腔700总数为四个，四个缓流腔分别为第一腔室711、第二腔室712、第二腔室713及第四腔室714，第一隔板710沿着盒体71长度方向延伸的部分的板体的底端设有缺口7100，进而第一腔室711和第二腔室712通过上述缺口7100相互连通，并且缓流腔内的燃油和颗粒物质可以通过上述缺口7100回流到第一腔室711内。分隔第二腔室712和第三腔室713的第二隔板720的上端具有开口7200，分隔第三腔室713和第三腔室714的第一隔板710的末端和盒体71的内壁之间并未连接，以至于形成供废弃流通的通口7300；进而从进气管716进入的废气进入第一腔室711之后，将会由上述缺口进入至第二腔室712内，再有第二腔室712的上部进入第三腔室713内，再由第一隔板710的末端和盒体71的内壁之间并未连接的部分进入至第四腔室740内，在废气的行进过程中，先从第一腔室711进入第二腔室712的底端，再由第二腔室712的顶端进入第三腔室713的顶端，再由第三腔室713的底端进入第四腔室714的底端，再由第四腔室714的顶端从出气管717内排出。
一并参考图19，发动机16的废气进入到油气分离器70的进气管716当中，进气管716位于油气分离器的最低端位置，并且油气分离器的进气管716开口朝向油气分离器70的顶部。油气分离器70的进气管716和第一腔室711相连通。油气分离器70的出气管717位于进气管716的上方；出气管717和油气分离器70内的腔室连通，并且出气管717和第四腔室714相连通。
参考图18、图20和图21，所述进气系统73包括空滤箱731、空气滤芯732及位于空滤箱731内的发动机进气管733，所述油气分离器70的出气管717的出口朝向发动机进气管733的进气口719。其中空滤箱731包括箱体7311以及箱盖7312，油气分离器70设置于箱盖7312上，且在箱盖7312的一端局部向下凹陷出一个为安装位7312a,油气分离器70放置安装位7312a内，并且油气分离器70的顶部的轴线和箱盖顶部轴线之间的夹角为大于120°。在由安装位7312a出发沿着空滤箱731的长度方向方向凹陷出一段，形成和安装位7312a连通的定 位槽7312b,油气分离器70的出气管717放置在定位槽7312b上。箱体7311内对应设置了两个发动机进气管，两个发动机进气管733为朝向为空气滤芯732方向倾斜，而油气分离器70的出气管717的出气口对应其中一根发动机进气管733，并且空气滤芯732为远离该发动机进气管733。
出气管717的出气口719朝向发动机进气管733方向；出气管717排出的废气进入发动机进气管733中。空滤箱731内放置有空气滤芯732，空气滤芯732位于空滤箱731一侧，而油气分离器70则位于空滤箱731的另一侧。
图22示出了发动机16上换挡部件80上缺少一个防脱环片84的主视图。图23示出了发动机16上换挡部件80的爆炸图。
参考图22，发动机16还包括与曲轴60相关联的换挡部件80，换挡部件80包括齿圈81和与齿圈81同心的齿轮座82，齿轮座82上设有多个止转槽822，齿圈81上设置多个轮齿，齿圈81上设置有第一止转块811，齿轮座82设置第二止转块821；第一止转块811和第二止转块821相匹配，且第一止转块811部分位于止转槽822内，以至于齿圈81转动时，第一止转块811和第二止转块821之间相对应的部分，以让齿圈81推动齿轮座82转动；齿圈81的内壁设置槽部813，槽部813内设有弧形结构的减震板簧83，减震板簧的两端与槽部813的两端相抵接；槽部813沿着齿圈周向的长度小于减震板簧在展平状态下的长度；第二止转块821上设有容置槽800；容置槽800与槽部813相对应，减震板簧83嵌于容置槽800内。发动机16内的主动齿轮转动时带动齿轮座82一同转动，齿轮座82转动时容置槽800内壁挤压减震板簧83，在减震板簧83弹力作用下为齿轮座82的转动提供阻力，该阻力构成缓冲力；由此对齿轮起保护作用，降低换挡时产生的噪音。
参考图23，齿圈上连接防脱环片84，防脱环片84为两组，两组防脱环片84分别设置在齿圈81两侧，防脱环片84通过连接螺栓841和齿圈相连，防脱环片84对减震板簧限位。当然在其他实施例中，防脱环片84也可以为一片。
上述实施例为本申请的一种形态，在不脱离本申请的主旨的范围内，也可以进行适当的变更，一并参照图24和图25，该实施例与上述实施不同的是，将减震板簧83替换成减震弹簧85，齿圈81b上设有第一缺口819，齿轮座82b上设有第二缺口829，第一缺口819和第二缺口829相互组合成一个方形的通口，减 震弹簧85设于第一缺口819和第二缺口829所构成的方形的通口当中。另外，在第一缺口819和第二缺口829组成的容纳口当中，设置第一定位块851和第二定位块852；第一定位块851上设有第一环槽8511，减震弹簧85一端插入第一环槽8511内；第二定位块852上设有第二环槽8521，减震弹簧85另一端插入第二环槽内，齿轮座82b相对齿圈81b转动，压缩减震弹簧85至第一、第二定位块相互抵在一起。当然在本实施例中的一些变形中，可以将第一、第二定位块替换成金属柱，减震弹簧85套在金属柱上，并且金属柱的轴线长度小于减震弹簧的轴线长度。
图26示出了发动机16上发动机外壳90的立体图。图27是示出了发动机外壳90的剖视图。
参考图26和28，发动机16还包括了降噪的发动机外壳90，发动机外壳90包括壳体91及降噪板92，降噪板92降低发动机16工作时所产生的噪音。壳体91的内壁上集成有八个沿着壳体91圆周排列的凸筋912，每个凸筋912靠近壳体91的圆心位置处局部变厚，形成了支撑柱9121。八个支撑柱9121通过螺栓固定在发动机左侧盖上(图中未示)。所述降噪板92通过压紧螺栓931、垫块932和壳体91相连，其具体为降噪板92压在壳体91上的凸台915上，降噪板92增厚了壳体91的厚度，减少壳体振动，实现降噪效果。
另外，降噪板92上部分包裹有硫化橡胶构成的减震垫922，。减震垫922和壳体91上的凸筋912相接触，并且压紧螺栓931和壳体91相连后，压紧螺栓931对降噪板92施加压力至降噪板92弯曲变形。减振垫922与壳体91之间接触面大，吸收振动效果好，而且保障在降噪板和减振垫922安装到壳体91上之后，壳体91的厚度维持在一定范围内，进而保障发动机10的体积不会发生大的改变，便于发动机安装到车架上。同时在降噪板92上开设有多个条形的或者是扇形的减重通孔923，减重通孔923环形设在降噪板92上。减重通孔923减轻了发动机外壳90的重量，方便安装，并且降噪板92上的振动可以在减重通孔923处消散掉。当然在其他实施例中，减震垫922也可以全包裹在降噪板92上；减震垫922也可以设置在壳体91上，或者壳体91和降噪板92上分别设置减震垫。
参考图28，在壳体91的内壁上有多个定位柱914，在降噪板92上有多个U 形结构的定位孔921，降噪板92和壳体91相连或，定位孔921套入到定位柱914当中，对降噪板92实现快速定位。在壳体91上设置多个支撑凸台915，降噪板92或位于降噪板92上的减震垫922与支撑凸台915相连接，并且降噪板92部分位置不与壳体91相接触，为悬空状态。支撑凸台915支撑降噪板92，使降噪板92部分悬空，由此传递到降噪板92上的振动能够更好的消散掉，进而噪声小。
一并参考图28，降噪板92为中部开设有通孔920的金属片，该通口920与壳体91中部的螺孔相对应，然后通过压紧螺栓931和壳体91相连，压紧螺栓对降噪板92施压至降噪板92局部凹陷。在压紧螺栓931上套入有垫块932，垫块932和降噪板92相接触。垫块932为橡胶块、塑料块或金属块，并且垫块932为圆台状，压紧螺栓从垫块932中穿过后，再穿过降噪板92与壳体91相连，并且降噪板垫块932面积更大的底面与降噪板92相接触，面积小的顶面与压紧螺栓相接触。压紧螺栓相配合，其增大了压紧螺栓和降噪板之间的接触面积，因此压紧螺栓对降噪板的压力会均分开，此时降噪板各部位受力均匀，避免降噪板发生明显的形变。
图29示出了发动机16的机油泵的主动齿轮的立体图，该图仅具体示出了主动齿轮，未示出机油泵的其他结构。
参考图29，发动机16还包括有机油泵，该机油泵上设置有主动齿轮100，主动齿轮100包括轮盘和设于轮盘上的轮齿，其中轮盘为圆盘状，轮齿沿着轮盘的圆周方向，于轮盘的边缘阵列有多个。
主动齿轮100的中间开有直径略小于主动齿轮100的套口101，套口101的圆心与主动齿轮100的圆心在同一轴线上。主动齿轮100上开设有贯通主动齿轮100的销孔102，其中销孔102与套口101相互连通，以至于两者可以销孔102的截面为“U”形，为此，在该结构下，主动齿轮100对于与销孔相互配合的销杆之间的距离以及销杆的直径要求将会降低，在，两个销杆之间的距离在存在向内的误差情况下，也不会影响机油泵的相关性能。两个销孔102的沿着主动齿轮100的中间轴线相对称。主动齿轮100上还设有环形凹槽103，环形凹槽103与套孔101为同心设置，且环形凹槽103至主动齿轮100圆心的距离大于销孔内壁至主动齿轮圆心的距离。
图30示出了发动机16上的变档毂的立体图。图31示出了发动机16的换挡 机构110沿着轴线的剖视图，该图中示出了换挡机构110的变档毂111及感应磁铁113，以及霍尔传感器112。图32示出变档机构110的变档毂111、及感应磁铁113，以及霍尔传感器112的爆炸图。
参考图30和图31，换挡结构110包括输入轴、输出轴、换挡拨片以及具有变档槽的变档毂，其中输入轴上设置有多个齿轮，输入轴与曲轴传动连接，进而曲轴可以带动输入轴转动，输入轴上的齿轮通过犬齿套设于输入轴上，进而可以于输入轴上来回滑动，并且输入轴还可以与驱动上面的齿轮转动；输出轴的末端设有牙盘，该牙盘与后车轮通过链条传动连接，输出轴上同样套设有多个齿轮，并且输出轴和输入轴上的齿轮相互啮合，换挡拨片具有一个或多个，换挡拨片一端插入上述输出轴的齿轮之间和/或者输入轴的齿轮之间，另一端卡入变档毂111的变档槽内。
变档毂111的内部为中空的结构，其减轻发动机整体的重量，降低摩托车10整车的重量，提高摩托车10的操控性。在变档毂111的靠近的两个端部处套入有安装轴承116，安装轴承116和发动机16曲轴箱连接。在变档毂111的一端上通过锁紧螺钉1151连接有定位星轮115。感应磁铁113设置在变档毂111的另一端。
一并参考图30和32，变档毂111上安装感应磁铁113的端上设有横截面为圆形的卡口1112，卡口1112与变档毂111的上述腔室相互连通，卡口1112的内壁向卡口1112的轴线延伸而形成止转凸块1113，感应磁铁113部分插入至卡口1112内，并且感应磁铁113的底端形成有与卡口1112底端内壁相互贴合的防脱凸部1131。
感应磁铁113装配在变档毂111上后，防脱凸部1131布置在变档毂111的腔室内，并与腔室的上端内壁相互抵接。感应磁铁113设有环形的凸起部1133，凸起部1133的直径大于卡口1112的直径，即是凸起部1113的最小直径大于卡口1112的口径，凸起部1133和变档毂111外壳相互配合，防止感应磁铁113滑入到腔室内。
另外，感应磁铁113上的侧壁上设置两个止转口1132，两个止转口1132相对称设置且止转口1132之间互不连通，安装感应磁铁时，止转凸块1113卡入到止转口1132当中。
霍尔传感器112和摩托车10的仪表盘18通过导线连接，霍尔传感器112和感应磁铁113相对应，且霍尔传感器112与感应磁铁113之间留有一定的间距，两者保持不接触，感应磁铁和霍尔传感器不会因为磨损而出现失灵，同时两者相互转动，只需要通过霍尔传感器测量出两者之间相对转动的角度，就能够了解变档毂转动的角度，进而了解变档毂处于何种位置，判断出车辆档位。在换挡时，变档毂111转动30°后，感应磁铁和传感器之间发生相对转动进而引起霍尔传感器电流变化，在对这些变化在摩托车控制器17对信息进行处理之后，就能够转化为数字信号显示在仪表盘18上。
本方案中，上述实施例可以任意组合，当然也可以与现有技术进行任意组合；本申请说明书中提到的所有专利和出版物都表示这些是本领域的公开技术，本申请可以使用。这里所引用的所有专利和出版物都被同样列在参考文献中，跟每一个出版物具体的单独被参考引用一样。这里的本申请可以在缺乏任何一种元素或多种元素，一种限制或多种限制的情况下实现，这里这种限制没有特别说明。这里采用的术语和表达方式所为描述方式，而不受其限制，这里也没有任何意图来指明此书描述的这些术语和解释排除了任何等同的特征，但是可以知道，可以在本申请和权利要求的范围内做任何合适的改变或修改。可以理解，本申请所描述的实施例子都是一些优选的实施例子和特点，任何本领域的一般技术人员都可以根据本申请描述的精髓下做一些更改和变化，这些更改和变化也被认为属于本申请的范围和独立权利要求以及附属权利要求所限制的范围内。

Claims (114)

  1. 一种摩托车，包括：
    车架；
    前车轮；
    后车轮；
    悬挂系统，包括前悬架及后悬架，所述前车轮通过前悬架联接至车架，所述后车轮通过后悬架联接至车架；
    发动机，支撑在所述车架上，所述前车轮或后车轮至少其中之一传动联接至所述发动机，该发动机包括曲轴、连杆、通过连杆与曲轴联接的活塞、与曲轴关联的平衡装置及与所述曲轴相关联的水泵装置；
    燃油系统，用于向发动机提供燃油；
    其中，所述平衡装置包括与曲轴同步转动以产生抵消曲轴和/或活塞工作时产生的反向振动力的第一平衡轴组件及与曲轴同步转动以产生抵消曲轴和/或活塞工作时产生的反向振动力的第二平衡轴组件，所述第一平衡轴组件及第二平衡轴组件分别位于发动机的两侧；
    所述水泵装置位于发动机一侧，且该水泵装置包括水泵及具有开口方向朝向水泵的出液口，所述水泵和所述第一平衡轴组件相关联；且第一平衡轴组件上具有润滑油流动腔、连通润滑油流动腔的进油孔及连通润滑油流动腔的出油孔，且出油孔到水泵的距离小于进油孔到水泵的距离。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的摩托车，其中，所述第一平衡轴组件包括第一轴体、具有圆心的第一齿轮及第一平衡块，第一轴体沿着摩托车的宽度方向设置，第一齿轮集成在第一轴体上，且第一平衡块集成在第一齿轮上。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的摩托车，其中，所述第二平衡轴组件包括第二轴体、具有圆心的第二齿轮及第二平衡块，第二轴体沿着摩托车的宽度方向设置，第二齿集成在第二轴体上，且第二平衡块集成在第二齿轮上。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的摩托车，其中，所述第一平衡块靠近轮齿的边缘到第一齿轮的圆心的距离小于第一齿轮的齿根到第一齿轮的圆心的距离。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的摩托车，其中，所述第二平衡块上靠近轮齿的边缘到第二齿轮的圆心的距离小于第二齿轮的齿根到第二齿轮的圆心的距离。
  6. 根据权利要求2所述的摩托车，其中，所述第一齿轮上避开第一平衡块的 位置上设置有多个第一减重孔。
  7. 根据权利要求3所述的摩托车，其中，所述第二齿轮上避开第二平衡块的位置上设置有多个第二减重孔。
  8. 根据权利要求2所述的摩托车，其中，所述第一平衡轴组件还包括套设在所述第一轴体上的套管及套设在所述套管上的密封圈，所述密封圈上设置有至少两个和套管接触的密封部。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的摩托车，其中，所述密封圈包括外密封环、中密封环及内密封环，且所述外密封环、中密封环及内密封环构成的截面形状大致为“工”字形，所述密封部设置在内密封环上。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的摩托车，其中，所述内密封环的截面形状为“W”形。
  11. 根据权利要求8所述的摩托车，其中，所述套管上设置有耐磨涂层。
  12. 根据权利要求1所述的摩托车，其中，所述活塞的高度方向的轴线的长度为Lα，所述活塞的截面的直径为Lφ，其中Lα与Lφ的比值为0.30-0.40:1.0。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的摩托车，其中，所述活塞的中间设置两个具有销孔的销毂，两个销毂之间设置加强筋，加强筋上通过切削形成有润滑油孔。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的摩托车，其中，所述活塞包括活塞头和与活塞头集成在一起的活塞裙，所述销毂上设置有与活塞裙连接的连接筋。
  15. 根据权利要求12所述的摩托车，其中，所述活塞由上至下设置有气环槽及具有油孔的油环槽，所述油环槽上套入有油环，该油环的内壁向外凹陷形成容置腔，容置腔内设置有撑簧。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的摩托车，其中，所述油环的外壁局部凸起以形成两个具有间距的刮油凸环，且两个刮油凸环之间开有多个进油孔。
  17. 根据权利要求15所述的摩托车，其中，所述油环外壁上设置有类金刚石涂层。
  18. 根据权利要求1所述的摩托车，其中，所述发动机还包括磁电机及固定螺栓，该磁电机包括磁电机转子及与磁电机转子相关联的飞轮，飞轮上具有套入到曲轴一端上的飞轮轮芯，飞轮轮芯通过固定螺栓固定于曲轴上。
  19. 根据权利要求18所述的摩托车，其中，所述曲轴靠近飞轮的一端具有第一连接段和与飞轮轮芯相关联的第二连接段，第一连接段的厚度大于第二连接段的厚度；所述曲轴上设置有盲孔，盲孔对应第一连接段的内壁上设置有内螺纹，所述固定螺栓的螺纹与盲孔的内壁上的内螺纹相啮合。
  20. 根据权利要求19所述的摩托车，其中，所述固定螺栓包括螺栓杆和集成在所述螺栓杆上的螺栓头，所述螺栓杆上设置有螺纹段和光滑段，光滑段的侧壁与第二连接段所对应的盲孔的内壁之间不受力。
  21. 根据权利要求19所述的摩托车，其中，所述飞轮轮芯远离曲轴的端部向着飞轮轮芯的圆心方向延伸以形成与固定螺栓相关联的弯折部。
  22. 根据权利要求1所述的摩托车，其中，所述发动机还包括进气系统及具有进气管和出气管的油气分离器，所述进气系统包括空滤箱、设置在空滤箱内的空气滤芯及进气口位于空滤箱内的发动机进气管，所述油气分离器的出气管的出口和发动机进气管的进气口相对应。
  23. 根据权利要求22所述的摩托车，其中，所述油气分离器设置在所述空滤箱上，且该油气分离器的出气管的出口设置在空滤箱内。
  24. 根据权利要求22所述的摩托车，其中，所述空滤箱包括箱体及与箱体连接的箱盖，箱盖上设置有安装位，油气分离器固定在安装位内。
  25. 根据权利要求22所述的摩托车，其中，所述箱盖上设置有和与安装位连通的定位槽，油气分离器的出气管设置在定位槽上。
  26. 根据权利要求22所述的摩托车，其中，所述油气分离器上设置有多个相连通以构成迷宫结构的缓流腔。
  27. 根据权利要求26所述的摩托车，其中，多个所述缓流腔分别为：第一腔室、与第一腔室相邻的第二腔室、与第二腔室相邻的第三腔室及与第三腔室相邻的第四腔室，所述进气管与所述第一腔室连通，所述出气管与所述第四腔室连通。
  28. 根据权利要求27所述的摩托车，其中，所述进气管位于所述第一腔室最低位置处。
  29. 根据权利要求26所述的摩托车，其中，所述油气分离器包括盒体及与盒体连接以封闭盒体内空间的盒盖，盒体上设置有具有倾斜面的盒体底壁和具 有倾斜的弧面的盒体侧壁，进气管的一端与盒体底壁连接。
  30. 根据权利要求29所述的摩托车，其中，盒体内设置有由盒体侧壁延伸到盒体底壁的第一隔板、由第一隔板的侧壁先沿着盒体宽度方向延伸而后再转弯沿着盒体长度方向延伸到盒体底部的第二隔板及将第一隔板与第二隔板围绕出的空间分隔为两个连通的空间的第三隔板。
  31. 根据权利要求1所述的摩托车，其中，所述发动机还包括发动机外壳，该发动机外壳包括壳体、与壳体连接的降噪板及连接壳体与降噪板的压紧螺栓。
  32. 根据权利要求31所述的摩托车，其中，所述降噪板通过压紧螺栓固定于壳体上，压紧螺栓与壳体连接。
  33. 根据权利要求31所述的摩托车，其中，降噪板上固定有减震垫，减震垫与所述壳体相接触。
  34. 根据权利要求32所述的摩托车，其中，所述压紧螺栓上套入有与所述降噪板连接的垫块。
  35. 根据权利要求31所述的摩托车，其中，所述壳体上设置有多个定位柱，降噪板上设置有套入至定位柱上的定位孔。
  36. 根据权利要求35所述的摩托车，其中，所述定位孔沿着降噪板的圆周方向设置在降噪板上，且定位孔为U形孔。
  37. 根据权利要求31所述的摩托车，其中，所述降噪板上设置有多个减重通孔，减重通孔沿着降噪板的圆周方向等间距排列。
  38. 根据权利要求31所述的摩托车，其中，所述壳体内壁上设置有多个支撑凸台，所述降噪板与支撑凸台连接。
  39. 根据权利要求1所述的摩托车，其中，所述发动机还包括换挡部件，该换挡部件包括具有轮齿的齿圈、与齿圈同心的齿轮座及减震板簧，减震板簧部分与齿圈相接触，另一部分与齿轮座相接触；所述齿轮座相对齿圈转动，且在齿轮座相对齿圈转动时，减震板簧受压力变形而对齿轮座施加阻力。
  40. 根据权利要求39所述的摩托车，其中，所述齿轮座上沿着齿圈圆周方向等间距设置有多个止转槽。
  41. 根据权利要求39所述的摩托车，其中，所述齿圈内壁上设置有槽部，所述齿轮座上设置有与槽部相对应的容置槽，减震板簧设置在容置槽内，且减震板簧的两端分别与槽部的两个内壁相接触。
  42. 根据权利要求41所述的摩托车，其中，所述槽部沿着所述齿圈周向的长度小于所述减震板簧在展平状态下的长度。
  43. 根据权利要求39所述的摩托车，其中，所述齿圈上设置有第一止转块，所述齿轮座上设置有第二止转块，当齿轮座相对齿圈转动时，齿轮座挤压板簧形变至第一止转块和第二止转块相接触。
  44. 根据权利要求39所述的摩托车，其中，所述减震板簧的截面为拱形。
  45. 根据权利要求39所述的摩托车，其中，所述齿圈的侧壁上通过螺钉固定有侧壁与减震板簧相对应的防脱环片。
  46. 根据权利要求1所述的摩托车，其中，所述发动机还包括具有多个变档槽的变档毂及与仪表盘通信连接的霍尔传感器，变档鼓上设置有与霍尔传感器相对应且具有间距的感应磁铁。
  47. 根据权利要求46所述的摩托车，其中，所述变档鼓上设有卡口，感应磁铁部分插入至所述卡口内。
  48. 根据权利要求47所述的摩托车，其中，所述卡口内壁上设有止转凸块,感应磁铁上设有与止转凸块相关联的止转口。
  49. 根据权利要求48所述的摩托车，其中，所述感应磁铁上设有凸起部，凸起部的直径大于所述卡口的口径。
  50. 一种摩托车，包括
    车架，
    前车轮；
    后车轮；
    悬挂系统，包括前悬架及后悬架，所述前车轮通过前悬架联接至车架，所述后车轮通过后悬架联接至车架；
    发动机，支撑在所述车架上，所述前车轮或后车轮至少其中之一传动联接至所述发动机，该发动机包括曲轴、连杆、通过连杆与曲轴联接的活塞、与曲轴关联的平衡装置及与所述曲轴相关联的水泵装置；
    其中，所述平衡装置包括与曲轴同步转动以产生抵消曲轴和/或活塞工作时振动的反向振动力的第一平衡轴组件及与曲轴同步转动以产生抵消曲轴和/或活塞工作时振动的反向振动力的第二平衡轴组件，第一平衡轴组件位于发动机一侧，第二平衡轴组件位于发动机另一侧。
  51. 根据权利要求50所述的摩托车，其中，所述第一平衡轴组件包括第一轴体、具有圆心的第一齿轮及第一平衡块，第一轴体沿着摩托车的宽度方向设置，第一齿轮集成在第一轴体上，且第一平衡块集成在第一齿轮上。
  52. 根据权利要求51所述的摩托车，其中，所述第二平衡轴组件包括第二轴体、具有圆心的第二齿轮及第二平衡块，第二轴体沿着摩托车的宽度方向设置，第二齿集成在第二轴体上，且第二平衡块集成在第二齿轮上。
  53. 根据权利要求51所述的摩托车，其中，所述第一平衡块靠近轮齿的边缘到第一齿轮的圆心的距离小于第一齿轮的齿根到第一齿轮的圆心的距离。
  54. 根据权利要求52所述的摩托车，其中，所述第二平衡块上靠近轮齿的边缘到第二齿轮的圆心的距离小于第二齿轮的齿根到第二齿轮的圆心的距离。
  55. 根据权利要求51所述的摩托车，其中，所述第一齿轮上避开第一平衡块的位置上设置有多个第一减重孔。
  56. 根据权利要求52所述的摩托车，其中，所述第二齿轮上避开第二平衡块的位置上设置有多个第二减重孔。
  57. 根据权利要求51所述的摩托车，其中，所述第一平衡轴组件还包括套设在所述第一轴体上的套管及套设在所述套管上的密封圈，所述密封圈上设置有至少两个和套管接触的密封部。
  58. 根据权利要求57所述的摩托车，其中，所述密封圈包括外密封环、中密封环及内密封环，且所述外密封环、中密封环及内密封环构成的截面形状大致为“工”字形，所述密封部设置在内密封环上。
  59. 根据权利要求57所述的摩托车，其中，所述套管上设置有耐磨涂层。
  60. 根据权利要求50所述的摩托车，其中，所述活塞的高度方向的轴线的长度为Lα，所述活塞的截面的直径为Lφ，其中Lα与Lφ的比值为0.30-0.40:1.0。
  61. 根据权利要求50所述的摩托车，其中，所述活塞的中间设置两个具有销孔 的销毂，两个销毂之间设置加强筋，加强筋上通过切削形成有润滑油孔。
  62. 根据权利要求61所述的摩托车，其中，所述活塞包括活塞头和与活塞头集成在一起的活塞裙，所述销毂上设置有与活塞裙连接的连接筋。
  63. 根据权利要求50所述的摩托车，其中，所述活塞由上至下设置有气环槽及具有油孔的油环槽，所述油环槽上套入有油环，该油环的内壁向外凹陷形成容置腔，容置腔内设置有撑簧。
  64. 根据权利要求63所述的摩托车，其中，所述油环的外壁局部凸起以形成两个具有间距的刮油凸环，且两个刮油凸环之间开有多个进油孔。
  65. 根据权利要求63所述的摩托车，其中，所述油环外壁上设置有类金刚石涂层。
  66. 根据权利要求50所述的摩托车，其中，所述发动机还包括磁电机及固定螺栓，该磁电机包括磁电机转子及与磁电机转子相关联的飞轮，飞轮上具有套入到曲轴一端上的飞轮轮芯，飞轮轮芯通过所述固定螺栓固定于曲轴上。
  67. 根据权利要求66所述的摩托车，其中，所述曲轴靠近飞轮的一端具有第一连接段和与飞轮轮芯相关联的第二连接段，第一连接段的厚度大于第二连接段的厚度；所述曲轴上设置有盲孔，盲孔对应第一连接段的内壁上设置有内螺纹，所述固定螺栓的螺纹与盲孔的内壁上的内螺纹相啮合。
  68. 根据权利要求67所述的摩托车，其中，所述固定螺栓包括螺栓杆和与所述螺栓杆一体的螺栓头，所述螺栓杆上设置有螺纹段和光滑段，光滑段的侧壁与第二连接段所对应的盲孔的内壁之间不受力。
  69. 根据权利要求67所述的摩托车，其中，所述飞轮轮芯远离曲轴的端部向着飞轮轮芯的圆心方向延伸以形成与固定螺栓相关联的弯折部。
  70. 根据权利要求50所述的摩托车，其中，所述发动机还包括进气系统及具有进气管和出气管的油气分离器，所述进气系统包括空滤箱、设置在空滤箱内的空气滤芯及进气口位于空滤箱内的发动机进气管，所述油气分离器的出气管的出口和发动机进气管的进气口相对应。
  71. 根据权利要求70所述的摩托车，其中，所述油气分离器设置在所述空滤箱上，且该油气分离器的出气管的出口设置在空滤箱内。
  72. 根据权利要求70所述的摩托车，其中，所述空滤箱包括箱体及与箱体连接 的箱盖，箱盖上设置有安装位，油气分离器固定在安装位内；所述箱盖上设置有和与安装位连通的定位槽，油气分离器的出气管设置在定位槽上。
  73. 根据权利要求70所述的摩托车，其中，所述油气分离器上设置有多个相连通以构成迷宫结构的缓流腔；多个所述缓流腔分别为：第一腔室、与第一腔室相邻的第二腔室、与第二腔室相邻的第三腔室及与第三腔室相邻的第四腔室，所述进气管与所述第一腔室连通，所述出气管与所述第四腔室连通。
  74. 根据权利要求70所述的摩托车，其中，所述进气管位于所述第一腔室最低位置处。
  75. 根据权利要求70所述的摩托车，其中，所述油气分离器包括盒体及与盒体连接以封闭盒体内空间的盒盖，盒体上设置有具有倾斜面的盒体底壁和具有倾斜的弧面的盒体侧壁，进气管的一端与盒体底壁连接；盒体内设置有由盒体侧壁延伸到盒体底壁的第一隔板、由第一隔板的侧壁先沿着盒体宽度方向延伸而后再转弯沿着盒体长度方向延伸到盒体底部的第二隔板及将第一隔板与第二隔板围绕出的空间分隔为两个连通的空间的第三隔板。
  76. 根据权利要求50所述的摩托车，其中，所述发动机还包括发动机外壳，该发动机外壳包括壳体、与壳体连接的降噪板及连接壳体与降噪板的压紧螺栓；所述降噪板通过压紧螺栓固定于壳体上，压紧螺栓与壳体连接；降噪板上固定有减震垫，减震垫与壳体相接触。
  77. 根据权利要求76所述的摩托车，其中，所述压紧螺栓上套入有与降噪板连接的垫块；所述壳体上设置有多个定位柱，降噪板上设置有套入至定位柱上的定位孔。
  78. 根据权利要求76所述的摩托车，其中，所述降噪板上设置有多个减重通孔，减重通孔沿着降噪板的圆周方向等间距排列。
  79. 根据权利要求76所述的摩托车，其中，所述壳体内壁上设置有多个支撑凸台，所述降噪板与支撑凸台连接。
  80. 根据权利要求50所述的摩托车，其中，所述发动机还包括换挡部件，该换挡部件包括具有轮齿的齿圈、与齿圈同心的齿轮座及减震板簧，减震板簧部分与齿圈相接触，另一部分与齿轮座相接触；所述齿轮座相对齿圈转动， 且在齿轮座相对齿圈转动时，减震板簧受压力变形而对齿轮座施加阻力；所述齿轮座上沿着齿圈圆周方向等间距设置有多个止转槽。
  81. 根据权利要求80所述的摩托车，其中，所述齿圈内壁上设置有槽部，所述齿轮座上设置有与槽部相对应的容置槽，减震板簧设置在容置槽内，且减震板簧的两端分别与凹槽的两个内壁相接触。
  82. 根据权利要求81所述的摩托车，其中，所述槽部沿着所述齿圈周向的长度小于所述减震板簧在展平状态下的长度；所述齿圈上设置有第一止转块，所述齿轮座上设置有第二止转块，当齿轮座相对齿圈转动时，齿轮座挤压板簧形变至第一止转块和第二止转块相接触；所述减震板簧的截面为拱形；所述齿圈的侧壁上通过螺钉固定有侧壁与减震板簧相对应的防脱环片。
  83. 一种发动机，包括:
    曲轴；
    连杆；
    活塞，活塞通过连杆与曲轴联接；
    平衡装置，与曲轴相关联；
    其中，所述平衡装置包括与曲轴同步转动以产生抵消曲轴和/或活塞工作时产生的反向振动力的第一平衡轴组件及与曲轴同步转动以产生抵消曲轴和/或活塞工作时产生的反向振动力的第二平衡轴组件，第一平衡轴组件位于发动机一侧，第二平衡轴组件位于发动机另一侧。
  84. 根据权利要求83所述的发动机，其中，所述第一平衡轴组件包括第一轴体、具有圆心的第一齿轮及第一平衡块，第一轴体沿着摩托车的宽度方向设置，第一齿轮集成在第一轴体上，且第一平衡块集成在第一齿轮上。
  85. 根据权利要求84所述的发动机，其中，所述第二平衡轴组件包括第二轴体、具有圆心的第二齿轮及第二平衡块，第二轴体沿着摩托车的宽度方向设置，第二齿集成在第二轴体上，且第二平衡块集成在第二齿轮上。
  86. 根据权利要求84所述的发动机，其中，所述第一平衡块靠近轮齿的边缘到第一齿轮的圆心的距离小于第一齿轮的齿根到第一齿轮的圆心的距离。
  87. 根据权利要求85所述的发动机，其中，所述第二平衡块上靠近轮齿的边缘到第二齿轮的圆心的距离小于第二齿轮的齿根到第二齿轮的圆心的距离。
  88. 根据权利要求84所述的发动机，其中，所述第一齿轮上避开第一平衡块的位置上设置有多个第一减重孔。
  89. 根据权利要求85所述的发动机，其中，所述第二齿轮上避开第二平衡块的位置上设置有多个第二减重孔。
  90. 根据权利要求81所述的发动机，其中，所述发动机还包括位于发动机一侧的水泵装置，且该水泵装置包括水泵及具有开口方向朝向水泵的出液口，所述水泵和所述第一平衡轴组件相关联；且第一平衡轴组件上具有润滑油流动腔、连通润滑油流动腔的进油孔及连通润滑油流动腔的出油孔，且出油孔到水泵的距离小于进油孔到水泵的距离。
  91. 根据权利要求84所述的发动机，其中，所述第一轴体上套入有套管，对应套管上套入有密封圈，密封圈上设置有至少两个和套管接触的密封部；所述套管上设置有耐磨涂层。
  92. 根据权利要求91所述的发动机，其中，所述密封圈包括外密封环、中密封环及内密封环，且所述外密封环、中密封环及内密封环构成的截面形状大致为“工”字形，所述密封部设置在内密封环上。
  93. 根据权利要求83所述的发动机，其中，所述活塞的高度方向的轴线的长度为Lα，所述活塞的截面的直径为Lφ，其中Lα与Lφ的比值为0.30-0.40:1.0。
  94. 根据权利要求83所述的发动机，其中，所述活塞的中间设置两个具有销孔的销毂，两个销毂之间设置加强筋，加强筋上通过切削形成有润滑油孔。
  95. 根据权利要求94所述的发动机，其中，所述活塞包括活塞头和与活塞头集成在一起的活塞裙，所述销毂上设置有与活塞裙连接的连接筋。
  96. 根据权利要求83所述的发动机，其中，所述活塞由上至下设置有气环槽及具有油孔的油环槽，所述油环槽上套入有油环，该油环的内壁向外凹陷形成容置腔，容置腔内设置有撑簧。
  97. 根据权利要求94所述的发动机，其中，所述油环的外壁局部凸起以形成两个具有间距的刮油凸环，且两个刮油凸环之间开有多个进油孔；所述油环外壁上设置有类金刚石涂层。
  98. 根据权利要求83所述的发动机，其中，所述发动机还包括磁电机，该磁电机包括磁电机转子及与磁电机转子相关联的飞轮，飞轮上具有套入到曲轴一端上的飞轮轮芯，飞轮轮芯通过固定螺栓固定于曲轴上。
  99. 根据权利要求98所述的发动机，其中，所述曲轴靠近飞轮的一端具有第一连接段和与飞轮轮芯相关联的第二连接段，第一连接段的厚度大于第二连接段；所述曲轴上设置有盲孔，盲孔对应第一连接段的内壁上设置有内螺纹，所述固定螺栓的螺纹与盲孔的内壁上的内螺纹相啮合。
  100. 根据权利要求99所述的发动机，其中，所述固定螺栓包括螺栓杆和与所述螺栓杆一体的螺栓头，所述螺栓杆上设置有螺纹段和光滑段，光滑段的侧壁与第二连接段所对应的盲孔的内壁之间不受力。
  101. 根据权利要求99所述的发动机，其中，所述飞轮轮芯远离曲轴的端部向着飞轮轮芯的圆心方向延伸以形成与固定螺栓相关联的弯折部。
  102. 根据权利要求83所述的发动机，其中，所述发动机还包括进气系统及具有进气管和出气管的油气分离器，所述进气系统包括空滤箱、设置在空滤箱内的空气滤芯及进气口位于空滤箱内的发动机进气管，所述油气分离器的出气管的出口和发动机进气管的进气口相对应。
  103. 根据权利要求102所述的发动机，其中，所述油气分离器设置在所述空滤箱上，且该油气分离器的出气管的出口设置在空滤箱内。
  104. 根据权利要求102所述的发动机，其中，所述空滤箱包括箱体及与箱体连接的箱盖，箱盖上设置有安装位，油气分离器固定在安装位内；所述箱盖上设置有和与安装位连通的定位槽，油气分离器的出气管设置在定位槽上。
  105. 根据权利要求102所述的发动机，其中，所述油气分离器上设置有多个相连通以构成迷宫结构的缓流腔；多个所述缓流腔分别为：第一腔室、与第一腔室相邻的第二腔室、与第二腔室相邻的第三腔室及与第三腔室相邻的第四腔室，所述进气管与所述第一腔室连通，所述出气管与所述第四腔室连通。
  106. 根据权利要求105所述的发动机，其中，所述进气管位于所述第一腔室最低位置处。
  107. 根据权利要求102所述的发动机，其中，所述油气分离器包括盒体及与盒 体连接以封闭盒体内空间的盒盖，盒体上设置有具有倾斜面的盒体底壁和具有倾斜的弧面的盒体侧壁，进气管的一端与盒体底壁连接。
  108. 根据权利要求107所述的发动机，其中，盒体内设置有由盒体侧壁延伸到盒体底壁的第一隔板、由第一隔板的侧壁先沿着盒体宽度方向延伸而后再转弯沿着盒体长度方向延伸到盒体底部的第二隔板及将第一隔板与第二隔板围绕出的空间分隔为两个连通的空间的第三隔板。
  109. 根据权利要求83所述的发动机，其中，所述发动机还包括发动机外壳，该发动机外壳包括壳体、与壳体连接的降噪板及连接壳体与降噪板的压紧螺栓；所述降噪板通过压紧螺栓固定于壳体上，压紧螺栓与壳体连接；降噪板上固定有减震垫，减震垫与壳体相接触。
  110. 根据权利要求109所述的发动机，其中，所述压紧螺栓上套入有与降噪板连接的垫块；所述壳体上设置有多个定位柱，降噪板上设置有套入至定位柱上的定位孔；所述定位孔沿着降噪板的圆周方向设置在降噪板上，且定位孔为U形孔。
  111. 根据权利要求110所述的发动机，其中，所述降噪板上设置有多个减重通孔，减重通孔沿着降噪板的圆周方向等间距排列；所述壳体内壁上设置有多个具有凸台的凸筋，降噪板与凸台连接。
  112. 根据权利要求83所述的发动机，其中，所述发动机还包括换挡部件，该换挡部件包括具有轮齿的齿圈、与齿圈同心的齿轮座及减震板簧，减震板簧部分与齿圈相接触，另一部分与齿轮座相接触；所述齿轮座相对齿圈转动，且在齿轮座相对齿圈转动时，减震板簧受压力变形而对齿轮座施加阻力；所述齿轮座上沿着齿圈圆周方向等间距设置有多个止转槽。
  113. 根据权利要求112所述的发动机，其中，所述齿圈内壁上设置有槽部，所述齿轮座上设置有与槽部相对应的容置槽，减震板簧设置在容置槽内，且减震板簧的两端分别与凹槽的两个内壁相接触；所述槽部沿着所述齿圈周向的长度小于所述减震板簧在展平状态下的长度。
  114. 根据权利要求113所述的发动机，其中，所述齿圈上设置有第一止转块，所述齿轮座上设置有第二止转块，当齿轮座相对齿圈转动时，齿轮座挤压 板簧形变至第一止转块和第二止转块相接触；所述齿圈的侧壁上通过螺钉固定有侧壁与减震板簧相对应的防脱环片。
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