WO2022194646A1 - Laminated pane for a vehicle roof with safety sensor for interior monitoring - Google Patents
Laminated pane for a vehicle roof with safety sensor for interior monitoring Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2022194646A1 WO2022194646A1 PCT/EP2022/056071 EP2022056071W WO2022194646A1 WO 2022194646 A1 WO2022194646 A1 WO 2022194646A1 EP 2022056071 W EP2022056071 W EP 2022056071W WO 2022194646 A1 WO2022194646 A1 WO 2022194646A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- pane
- sensor
- laminated
- electrical connection
- vehicle
- Prior art date
Links
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- B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
- B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
- B32B7/12—Interconnection of layers using interposed adhesives or interposed materials with bonding properties
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
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- B62D25/00—Superstructure or monocoque structure sub-units; Parts or details thereof not otherwise provided for
- B62D25/06—Fixed roofs
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- B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
- B32B2262/10—Inorganic fibres
- B32B2262/101—Glass fibres
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- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
- B32B2262/10—Inorganic fibres
- B32B2262/103—Metal fibres
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- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/20—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular electrical or magnetic properties, e.g. piezoelectric
- B32B2307/202—Conductive
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- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/40—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular optical properties
- B32B2307/402—Coloured
- B32B2307/4023—Coloured on the layer surface, e.g. ink
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
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- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/40—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular optical properties
- B32B2307/402—Coloured
- B32B2307/4026—Coloured within the layer by addition of a colorant, e.g. pigments, dyes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/40—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular optical properties
- B32B2307/41—Opaque
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/40—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular optical properties
- B32B2307/412—Transparent
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2605/00—Vehicles
- B32B2605/08—Cars
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
- B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
- B62D29/00—Superstructures, understructures, or sub-units thereof, characterised by the material thereof
- B62D29/04—Superstructures, understructures, or sub-units thereof, characterised by the material thereof predominantly of synthetic material
Definitions
- the invention relates to a laminated pane for use as a vehicle roof pane with at least one sensor that generates safety-relevant information about conditions in the interior of the vehicle.
- Today's modern vehicles are developed for maximum efficiency and optimal passenger safety and are equipped with a large number of driver assistance systems. These include, for example, rain sensors, daylight sensors, backlight sensors, ultrasonic sensors, optical cameras and radar sensors. As a rule, they are used for traffic monitoring outside the vehicle and can, for example, recognize street signs or the position and speed of objects, such as other road users or obstacles on the roadway.
- optical cameras or radar systems are mainly used for this purpose.
- camera systems such as infrared camera systems, for example for driver monitoring, gesture recognition and drowsiness recognition, are mostly used for monitoring the vehicle interior.
- the field of view of a person for example the driver, can be searched and monitored by a camera.
- the area around the eyes (eyes open/closed) can then be separated and evaluated from the recorded images.
- Conclusions about the state of tiredness can then be drawn from the frequency of eyelid closure.
- Optical sensor systems are usually heavily dependent on environmental influences and ambient brightness in terms of their function and data quality. Camera systems must also be precisely aligned and need free access to the detection area. In principle, people and their position in the vehicle interior can be recognized and determined with a camera.
- a child in a child seat that is to be protected against the sun with a cloth may not be able to be recognized through the cover.
- infrared cameras it is possible to detect people from objects in the room Vehicle interior, for example, to distinguish a child in a child seat and an empty child seat.
- the sensors are usually placed at a distance from the edge and as centrally as possible in relation to the interior space to be monitored.
- this placement now means that the necessary electrical connections for the power supply of the sensor and/or the connections for data transmission to a controller or evaluation in the case of a vehicle roof window would have to be routed visibly to the edge and are visually conspicuous. Therefore, the sensors are often placed near the edge, i.e. not in the center of the interior, and a black print is applied in the area of the connection guide to conceal the individual lines, or a large cover is provided that also covers the supply lines.
- the object of the invention is therefore a laminated pane for a vehicle with a good safety monitoring function for the vehicle interior and inside Provide people and high space coverage, which is also inexpensive and easy to produce, ensures a very good interior coverage of the sensor, but at the same time allows maximizing the transparent surface of the roof pane and thus improving the sense of space for the occupants.
- the invention therefore relates to a composite pane for use as a vehicle roof pane with at least one sensor, at least comprising
- thermoplastic interlayer that connects the inner side of the outer pane and the inner side of the inner pane.
- the senor generates safety-relevant information about conditions in the interior of the vehicle and is connected to at least one alarm output device.
- the sensor is positioned on the composite pane at a distance from the edge of the composite pane in such a way that it protrudes beyond the outside of the inner pane into the vehicle interior, and the sensor is connected to a power source via an electrical connection, the electrical connection being designed to be optically unobtrusive.
- the composite pane according to the invention with a sensor comprises at least one inner pane and one outer pane, which are laminated to one another via a thermoplastic intermediate layer.
- the laminated pane may be a three-dimensional curved vehicle roof laminated pane.
- the inner pane and the outer pane each have an inner side and an outer side that run essentially parallel to one another.
- the thermoplastic intermediate layer connects the inside of the inner pane and the inside of the outer pane.
- the thermoplastic intermediate layer contains at least one thermoplastic film and, in an advantageous embodiment, is formed by a single thermoplastic film. This is advantageous in terms of a simple structure and a small overall thickness of the laminated glass.
- the thermoplastic intermediate layer or the thermoplastic film preferably contains at least polyvinyl butyral (PVB), ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), polyurethane (PU) or mixtures or copolymers or derivatives thereof, which have proven useful for laminated glasses.
- the thickness of the thermoplastic intermediate layer is preferably from 0.2 mm to 1.0 mm.
- thermoplastic films of the standard thickness of 0.76 mm can be used.
- the outer pane, the inner pane and the thermoplastic intermediate layer can be clear and colorless, but also tinted or colored.
- the total transmission through the laminated glass is greater than 70%, in particular if the laminated glass is a windshield or a vehicle roof window.
- the term total transmission refers to the procedure specified by ECE-R 43, Appendix 3, Section 9.1 for testing the light transmittance of motor vehicle windows.
- the laminated glass is preferably curved in one or more spatial directions, as is usual for motor vehicle windows, with typical radii of curvature being in the range from about 10 cm to about 40 m.
- the inner pane and/or the outer pane can be thermally or chemically prestressed, partially prestressed or not prestressed.
- the outer pane is non-prestressed Disc.
- the outer pane can be exposed to loads such as stone chipping. If a stone, especially a small, pointed stone, hits a pane of glass, it can penetrate the surface. In the case of a prestressed pane, the stone can thus penetrate into the zone of tensile stress inside the pane, which leads to the pane shattering.
- a non-prestressed outer pane has a wide compressive stress zone and lower tensile stress on the inside and is therefore less susceptible to the impact of a sharp object. An outer pane that is not prestressed is therefore very advantageous overall with regard to the safety of the vehicle occupants.
- the outer pane contains soda-lime glass or borosilicate glass, in particular soda-lime glass. Soda-lime glass is available at low cost and has a proven track record for automotive applications.
- the inner pane can have any chemical composition known to the person skilled in the art.
- the inner pane can contain, for example, soda-lime glass or borosilicate glass or consist of these glasses.
- the inner pane is a chemically toughened pane. Due to the prestressing, the inner pane can be provided with a special fracture stability and scratch resistance. Chemical toughening is more suitable for very thin glass panes than thermal toughening. Since thermal toughening is based on a temperature difference between a surface zone and a core zone, thermal toughening requires a minimum thickness of the glass pane. Sufficient stresses can typically be achieved with commercially available thermal tempering devices for glass thicknesses from around 2.5 mm. With lower glass thicknesses, the generally required values for toughening cannot usually be achieved (cf. ECE regulation 43, for example).
- chemical toughening the chemical composition of the glass in the surface area is changed by ion exchange, with the ion exchange being limited to a surface zone by diffusion. Chemical toughening is therefore especially for thin discs suitable.
- chemical tempering, chemical hardening or chemical strengthening are also commonly used for chemical toughening.
- a chemically toughened glass pane is to be provided with a recess, the pane is first provided with the desired recess and then toughened. This has the advantage that the stress distribution generated by the prestressing process is not negatively influenced by subsequent machining.
- both the stability and breakage resistance of the laminated glass and the lowest possible weight of the glazing are of enormous importance.
- an asymmetry of the outer and inner panes with regard to their thickness has an advantageous effect on the stability of the composite pane.
- the thickness of the outer pane is generally significantly greater than the thickness of the inner pane.
- Such a thickness asymmetry with the associated advantages can also be desirable in the case of the laminated pane with sensor according to the invention.
- the laminated glass can also be provided with an additional function in that the thermoplastic intermediate layer has functional inclusions, for example inclusions with IR-absorbing, UV-absorbing, coloring or acoustic properties.
- the inclusions are, for example, organic or inorganic ions, compounds, aggregates, molecules, crystals, pigments or dyes.
- the composite pane according to the invention in vehicles, for example as a windshield or vehicle roof pane, it is advantageous to implement additional functions in order to reduce the negative effects of weather influences such as strong sunlight or ice formation.
- so-called low-E coatings and/or heatable coatings can be applied to the inside of the inner pane or the outer pane.
- Suitable material compositions of an electrically heatable Coating that also functions as a low-E coating can be found, for example, in WO 2013/104439 and WO 2013/104438.
- the senor generates safety-relevant information about conditions in the interior of the vehicle.
- Safety-relevant information about conditions in the interior of the vehicle can contain both personal information such as a dizzy state of the driver or an excessively high body temperature of the occupants. However, they can also - either alternatively or cumulatively - include non-personal information about the conditions of the interior, such as interior temperatures, brightness and lighting conditions in the interior, CO2 concentration, seat belts on occupied seats, etc.
- the sensor is connected to an alarm output device either directly or indirectly, for example via a controller.
- an alarm output device include a horn, optical and other acoustic warning signals that can be directed both into the interior to warn the occupants and outside to transmit an alarm to the outside world such as passers-by or other road users.
- an alarm output device may include haptic warning signals, such as vibrating the steering wheel or pedals, as well as manipulation of the vehicle's driving behavior, such as a safe mode in which the vehicle stops at the curb.
- the senor is positioned at a distance from the edge of the laminated pane.
- a significantly better interior coverage can thus be achieved than positioning at the edge of the laminated pane.
- the spacing is selected in particular in such a way that the sensor is placed as centrally as possible in relation to the covered vehicle interior in order to achieve optimal spatial coverage and thus optimal spatial monitoring.
- the sensor is also positioned on the laminated pane in such a way that it protrudes beyond the outside of the inner pane into the vehicle interior. Additionally can be made in this way a very simple assembly and also a simple replacement in case of malfunction. As a result, this is also a very cost-effective and maintenance-friendly configuration.
- Modern vehicle composite panes are three-dimensionally curved, with a development towards ever more pronounced bends or towards ever larger dimensioned vehicle roof panes in the sense of a striking, visually appealing design.
- This together with the above-mentioned advantageous conditions for providing a sensor for safety-relevant information on conditions relating to the sense of space and better monitoring of the interior space by the sensor, means that the distance between the position of the sensor and the edge of the pane is increasing.
- the sensor requires an electrical and/or communicative connection with the connections that usually run along the edge of the pane to a power source or to a controller or alarm output device.
- the term "designed to be optically unobtrusive" in relation to the electrical connection of the sensor means in particular that the electrical connection from the sensor to the edge of the laminated pane and/or to the power source in the area of the laminated pane at least partly, preferably completely, not provided with a cover.
- the electrical connection of the sensor to the edge of the composite pane and/or to the power source is at least in the area of the composite pane partially, preferably completely, not covered by a black print to the interior.
- the term “designed to be optically unobtrusive” means in particular an electrical connection that is transparent.
- an electrical connection is referred to as transparent if it has a transmission in the visible spectral range of greater than or equal to 20%.
- the electrical connection can also have a higher transmission, for example greater than or equal to 35%, or greater than or equal to 50%. Since the electrical connection according to the invention has the same or greater transmission in the visible spectral range than the other layers or the other areas of the laminated pane, panes with a transmission in the visible spectral range can be realized which are suitable, for example, as vehicle roof panes.
- the pane according to the invention preferably has a total transmission of more than 35%, more than 50% or more than 70%.
- the term total transmission or transmission refers to the procedure specified by ECE-R 43, Appendix 3, Section 9.1 for testing the light transmittance of motor vehicle windows.
- the laminated pane is tinted or colored.
- the laminated pane can preferably have a transmission in the visible spectral range of less than 50%, for example less than 20%, also in the area of the electrical connection. In this way panes can be realized with a transparent electrical connection of the sensor according to the invention and with a reduced transmission in the visible spectral range.
- Such tinted or colored lenses may be desirable for aesthetic or thermal reasons, for example.
- the composite pane includes at least one recess in the inner pane and at least the electrical connection is routed through the recess in the inner pane to the sensor.
- the laminated pane according to the invention is a laminated vehicle roof pane with a recess in the inner pane of the laminated pane, preferably produced using a laser process or by means of mechanical drilling. A recess created using a laser process can be distinguished from an opening created using mechanical processes in terms of its surface structure and precision.
- Such a recess has a correspondingly high level of precision and low manufacturing tolerances, so that it is also suitable in three-dimensionally curved panes to accommodate a sensor of a fixed size or just the electrical connection with a precise fit, with the sensor being able to be inserted into the recess in the inner pane, however, this always protrudes towards the interior of the vehicle.
- Merely routing the electrical supply line or connection of the sensor through a cutout has the advantage that only a very small cutout needs to be provided and the sensor can be installed completely on the outside of the inner pane.
- the recess can be rectangular, circular, elliptical or irregular in shape.
- the electrical connection is formed by current paths in an electrically conductive layer, by conductive wires, by a printed current path or by a cable connection to a power source.
- optically inconspicuous electrical connection All preferred configurations of the optically inconspicuous electrical connection mentioned are almost or completely transparent and thus meet the high requirements of the automobile industry for the largest possible transparent surface of the roof pane.
- the term "optically inconspicuous” can also include “barely perceptible to the human eye”.
- the optically inconspicuous electrical connection does not or only very slightly impede the view through the laminated pane. It therefore offers an excellent opportunity to safely establish the power connection, but also, if desired, the communicative connection to a controller or the alarm output device, without the distance from the sensor from the edge of the compound pane in many cases quite a large distance with a cover or a black print and reduce the sense of space for the occupants.
- the senor can be supplied with electrical power via an electrically conductive layer on one of the pane surfaces.
- electrically conductive layers are often already used in motor vehicle windows in the form of heatable layers or so-called Low-E (low emissivity) layers, which prevent the vehicle interior from heating up to any great extent.
- the modern electrically conductive layers are transparent as defined above.
- it can be applied to the inside of the outer pane, the inside of the inner pane or the outside of the inner pane.
- any electrically conductive layer is also suitable for making electrical contact between the sensor and the electrical connection.
- current paths are introduced into the electrically conductive layer, via which two voltage poles are connected to the sensor according to the invention.
- Methods for structuring electrically conductive layers are well known to those skilled in the art. These include, for example, etching or laser processes. The current paths are particularly preferably generated by laser separating lines in the electrically conductive layer.
- a sensor can be contacted on a conductive layer, for example, by means of connection elements applied to the electrically conductive layer. If the electrically conductive layer is on the inside of the inner pane or the inside of the outer pane, a film-like connection element can be inserted into the layer stack in the area of the recess.
- This connection element has two electrical contacts on the surface facing the electrically conductive layer, which are connected to the corresponding current paths of the electrically conductive layer are placed.
- the surface of the foil-like connection element surrounding the electrical contacts can be provided with an adhesive, for example, which fixes the connection element on the layer.
- the section of the film-like connection element on which the sensor is to be placed is also provided with contacts.
- the foil-like connection element preferably has a metallic surface for this purpose.
- the contacting between the sensor and the film-like connecting element preferably does not take place in a materially bonded manner, that is to say in the form of a detachable connection.
- the sensor is preferably inserted into a recess in a non-positive manner, with the result that the sensor makes electrical contact with the metal surface of the foil-like connection element.
- the non-positive connection e.g. clip profile
- the electrical connection can be made by conductive wires.
- the necessary transparency or the optically unobtrusive design which is also the subject matter of the present invention, can be achieved in this variant in that the wires are on the one hand very thin and/or on the other hand designed in a serpentine manner.
- a well-known example in the manufacture of vehicle windows is such wires that are used as heating wires in windshields. They usually have a thickness of about 20 ⁇ m and they are practically undetectable by looking through them.
- multiple wires can be provided for a current path and/or communication path.
- wires are so thin that the occupants can hardly see them visually, a large number of wires can be used not only as an electrical connection, but also for communication and data transmission without taking up much space, so that in this way there is redundancy for the Power line or for data transmission can be provided without further visual impairment.
- the electrical connection can be established by a printed current path to a power source.
- Conductive structures produced by means of imprinting in particular a metallic material, are known in principle to those skilled in the art of producing vehicle windows and are used in a variety of ways, for example as busbars, heating conductors, antenna structures or alarm loops.
- Exemplary printing methods are described in WO 2019/206592 A1 and the citations cited therein. In terms of the present invention, those printing methods should be selected in particular for applying a printed current path that produce a comparatively small layer thickness of the conductive material.
- Silver can be selected as the preferred conductive material, which can be easily printed in a small layer thickness in the range of microns.
- the electrical connection can be made by a cable connection to a power source.
- the sensor according to the present invention is arranged in the laminated pane in such a way that in the installed position it protrudes downwards over the outside of the inner pane into the vehicle interior and in this way enables optimum space coverage
- no additional installation space is required that would interfere with the view, and due to the physical proximity, only a very short power connection is required, which can also be set up very cost-effectively and efficiently, for example a cable connection.
- the power source is inserted into the thermoplastic intermediate layer and is laminated into the laminated pane.
- Another option is to glue the power source into a corresponding recess within the laminated pane using an adhesive. Suitable adhesives are well known to those skilled in the art, for example adhesives from the group of polyurethane adhesives.
- the power source can be glued before or after the lamination process. If the power source is glued in before the lamination process, the power source is also integrated via the thermoplastic intermediate layer.
- the adhesion-promoting layer can also the electrical connection of the Serve power source to the sensor, using electrically conductive adhesives.
- the power source which is provided above the sensor in the laminated pane, is a photovoltaic device and/or a battery.
- sensors usually have a rather low power requirement, depending on the type, it can be sufficient to provide a photovoltaic panel that is limited to the sensor surface or only slightly larger.
- very powerful batteries for example nickel metal batteries or lithium batteries, are available, the surface area of which is also not or only slightly larger than the surface area of the sensor with a comparatively small thickness.
- a combination of both can equally be provided as the current source.
- no electrical connection leading outwards to the edge of the pane is required.
- the communicative connection to a controller and/or an alarm output device can also be designed to be optically unobtrusive, for example through a transparent glass fiber connection or through wireless data transmission (WLAN, radio, bluetooth®, etc.) from the sensor to the processing devices.
- WLAN wireless local area network
- the senor is a radar sensor, a lidar sensor, a high-frequency sensor, a light sensor, a camera, or a combination thereof.
- the sensor is selected depending on the desired security-related information.
- a plurality of safety-relevant information or information on the well-being of the occupants can preferably also be recorded simultaneously with the sensor.
- the integration of at least one radar sensor in a laminated pane according to the invention advantageously enables reliable monitoring of the vehicle interior or of people and/or animals in it provide vehicle interior.
- the radar sensor or the determination of the radar data is also possible reliably in the dark or in strong sunlight and heat.
- people and animals covered with textiles and their movements can be easily recorded and monitored.
- the radar sensor is integrated into the thermoplastic intermediate layer and is thus encapsulated, fixed and protected from environmental influences.
- the radar signals can penetrate glass and plastics and are also insensitive to vibration.
- the data recorded is then evaluated by the evaluation unit connected to the radar sensor.
- the radar sensors are based on radio wave technology to monitor the interior of a vehicle.
- So-called “4D imaging sensors” use radar to detect a child left behind in the vehicle, for example, and register whether the child is breathing regularly and evenly. This also works when the child is covered or in a child seat. If the sensors notice that the child is breathing faster and that the life of the child could be in danger, it warns the driver. If this does not react, it is conceivable that the system will make an emergency call to a rescue center or switch on the air conditioning and roll down the windows.
- the sensor system requires fewer sensors and therefore less cabling than camera-based systems and also does not generate any images that could possibly violate the privacy of the vehicle occupants.
- Cameras as sensors in a composite pane according to the invention can collect a large number of safety-related information about the states of the
- Vehicle interior and the occupants generate. For example, the wearing or not wearing of seat belts, the occupancy of the seats, dizziness or unconsciousness of the driver, a fixed control gesture of the occupants, dangerous shifting of the load and similar information can be detected.
- a specific example of a camera sensor is a 3D indoor camera. The 3D interior camera scans the passengers, constantly registering their size, seating position, posture and line of sight.
- Safety systems such as airbags or belt tensioners always assume that the occupants are in an ideal position, human laxity harbors dangers. For example, if you sit too slanted on a long-distance journey or let the seat slide too far forward, the systems programmed for an emergency, such as the airbag, can no longer develop their full effect. In the event of a dangerous situation with an imminent collision, the information collected by the interior camera should adjust the on-board systems in such a way that the best possible protection is guaranteed even if the sitting position is not optimal.
- the 3D camera also recognizes, for example, whether the driver has both hands on the steering wheel, whether he is actively steering the vehicle or is looking at the road even with active assistance systems. If he simply looks away for a dangerously long time, a warning can be triggered and attention can be demanded.
- another camera also monitors the second row of seats and detects careless behavior, for example by children traveling with you.
- Ultrasonic sensors as sensors in a laminated pane according to the invention can detect movements and can be used, for example, as anti-theft sensors when the vehicle is parked.
- the senor In a preferred embodiment of the laminated pane according to the invention, the sensor generates a plurality of safety-relevant information about conditions in the interior of the vehicle, in particular simultaneously.
- a sensor or a combination of sensors is advantageously able to determine different safety-relevant information about conditions in the interior of the vehicle simultaneously or one after the other. This reduces the effort required for assembly, but at the same time increases the usefulness of the information.
- the electrical connection is also used for information transmission, in particular data transmission, and for communication with a controller or with the alarm output device.
- information transmission in particular data transmission
- controller or with the alarm output device the electrical connection provided according to the invention.
- the information transmission, in particular the data transmission, and the communication with a controller or with the alarm output device can also take place wirelessly, for example via a WLAN, Bluetooth® or radio connection, or wired via a fiber optic connection.
- This also avoids having to set up optically disruptive cabling for the transmission of information, with a high data rate being able to be achieved in the case of a fiber optic connection with a transparent cable connection at the same time.
- the glass fiber connection is arranged on the inside of the outer pane, on the inside of the inner pane or on the outside of the inner pane.
- the fiberglass webs can be inserted, for example, on the inside of the respective pane before lamination with the intermediate layer, or they can be fixed on the respective side of the pane with an adhesion promoter.
- adhesion promoters are well known to those skilled in the art, for example adhesives from the group of polyurethane adhesives.
- FIG. 1 shows a cross section of an embodiment of the composite pane according to the invention with a transparent electrical connection for power transmission
- FIG. 2 shows a cross section of another composite pane according to the invention with a transparent electrical connection for power transmission
- FIG. 3 shows a cross section of another composite pane according to the invention with a transparent electrical connection for power transmission
- FIG. 4 shows a cross section of another composite pane according to the invention with a transparent electrical connection for power transmission
- FIG. 6 shows a further embodiment of the composite pane according to the invention in a cross-sectional view
- FIG. 7 shows a further embodiment of the composite pane according to the invention in a cross-sectional view
- 8 shows a further embodiment of the composite pane according to the invention in a cross-sectional view.
- FIG. 1 shows a first exemplary embodiment of the invention in a schematic cross-sectional view.
- the composite pane 1 according to the invention with a sensor 2 comprises at least one inner pane 3 and one outer pane 4 which are laminated to one another via a thermoplastic intermediate layer 5 .
- the composite pane 1 is a vehicle roof composite pane with a three-dimensional curvature.
- the inner pane 3 and the outer pane 4 each have an inside (II, III) and an outside (I, IV), which run essentially parallel to one another.
- the thermoplastic intermediate layer 5 connects the inside of the inner pane III and the inside of the outer pane II.
- the thermoplastic intermediate layer 5 contains at least one thermoplastic film and, in an advantageous embodiment, is formed by a single thermoplastic film. This is advantageous in terms of a simple structure and a small overall thickness of the laminated glass.
- the thermoplastic intermediate layer or the thermoplastic film preferably contains at least polyvinyl butyral (PVB), ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), polyurethane (PU) or mixtures or copolymers or derivatives thereof, which have proven useful for laminated glasses.
- the thickness of the thermoplastic intermediate layer 5 is preferably from 0.2 mm to 1.0 mm.
- thermoplastic films of the standard thickness of 0.76 mm can be used.
- the outer pane 4, the inner pane 3 and the thermoplastic intermediate layer 5 can be clear and colorless, but also tinted or colored.
- the total transmission through the laminated glass is greater than 70%, in particular if the laminated glass is a windshield.
- the term total transmission refers to the procedure specified by ECE-R 43, Appendix 3, Section 9.1 for testing the light transmittance of motor vehicle windows.
- the laminated glass 1 is preferably curved in one or more spatial directions, as is customary for motor vehicle windows, with typical radii of curvature being in the range from about 10 cm to about 40 m.
- the inner pane 3 and/or the outer pane 4 can be thermally or chemically prestressed, partially prestressed or not prestressed.
- the outer pane 4 is a non-prestressed pane.
- the outer pane 4 can be exposed to loads such as stone chipping. If a stone, especially a small, pointed stone, hits a pane of glass, it can penetrate the surface. In the case of a prestressed pane, the stone can thus penetrate into the zone of tensile stress inside the pane, which leads to the pane shattering.
- a non-prestressed outer pane 4 has a wide compressive stress zone and lower tensile stress on the inside and is therefore less susceptible to the impact of a sharp object. An outer pane 4 that is not prestressed is therefore very advantageous overall with regard to the safety of the vehicle occupants.
- the outer pane 4 contains soda-lime glass or borosilicate glass, in particular soda-lime glass. Soda-lime glass is available at low cost and has a proven track record for automotive applications.
- the inner pane 3 can have any chemical composition known to the person skilled in the art.
- the inner pane 3 can contain, for example, soda-lime glass or borosilicate glass or consist of these glasses.
- the inner pane 3 is a chemically toughened pane. Due to the prestressing, the inner pane 3 can be provided with a special fracture stability and scratch resistance. Chemical toughening is more suitable for very thin glass panes than thermal toughening.
- thermal toughening is based on a temperature difference between a surface zone and a core zone
- thermal toughening requires a minimum thickness of the glass pane.
- Sufficient stresses can typically be achieved with commercially available thermal tempering devices for glass thicknesses from around 2.5 mm. With lower glass thicknesses, the generally required values for toughening cannot usually be achieved (cf. ECE regulation 43, for example).
- ECE regulation 43 the generally required values for toughening cannot usually be achieved (cf. ECE regulation 43, for example).
- chemical toughening the chemical composition of the glass in the surface area is changed by ion exchange, with the ion exchange being limited to a surface zone by diffusion. Chemical toughening is therefore particularly suitable for thin panes.
- chemical tempering, chemical hardening or chemical strengthening are also commonly used for chemical toughening.
- a chemically toughened glass pane 3 is to be provided with a recess, the pane 3 is first provided with the desired recess and then toughened. This has the advantage that the stress distribution generated by the prestressing process is not negatively influenced by subsequent machining.
- both the stability and breakage resistance of the laminated glass and the lowest possible weight of the glazing are of enormous importance.
- an asymmetry of the outer and inner panes with regard to their thickness has an advantageous effect on the stability of the composite pane.
- the thickness of the outer pane 4 is generally significantly greater than the thickness of the inner pane 3.
- Such an asymmetry in thickness with the associated advantages can also be desirable for the composite pane 1 with sensor 2 according to the invention.
- the inclusions are, for example, organic or inorganic ions, compounds, aggregates, molecules, crystals, pigments or dyes.
- the composite pane according to the invention in vehicles, for example as a roof pane, it is advantageous to implement additional functions in order to reduce the negative effects of weather influences such as strong solar radiation or ice formation.
- so-called low-E coatings and/or heatable coatings can be applied to the inside of the inner pane or the outer pane.
- Suitable material compositions of an electrically heatable coating that also functions as a low-E coating can be found, for example, in WO 2013/104439 and WO 2013/104438.
- a recess 6 is provided in the inner pane 3, in which a sensor 2 is positioned.
- the laminated pane 1 according to the invention is a laminated vehicle roof pane with a recess 6 in the inner pane 3 of the laminated pane 1, preferably produced using a laser process or by means of mechanical drilling.
- a recess 6 produced using a laser process can be distinguished from an opening produced using mechanical processes in terms of its surface structure and precision.
- Such a recess 6 has a correspondingly high level of precision and low manufacturing tolerances, so that it is also suitable in three-dimensionally curved panes to accommodate a sensor 2 of a fixed size with a precise fit, with the sensor 2 being inserted into the recess 6 of the inner pane 3, but this being the case protrudes towards the interior of the vehicle.
- the sensor 2 is a radar sensor, a lidar sensor, a high-frequency sensor, a light sensor, a camera or a combination thereof. According to the present invention, the sensor 2 generates safety-relevant information about conditions in the interior of the vehicle. Safety-relevant information about conditions in the interior of the vehicle can contain both personal information such as a dizzy state of the driver or an excessively high body temperature of the occupants. Equally, however, they can also - either alternatively or cumulatively - include non-personal information about conditions in the interior, such as interior temperatures, brightness and lighting conditions in the interior, CC>2 concentration, seat belts on occupied seats, etc.
- the sensor 2 is or can be connected either directly or indirectly, for example via a controller, to an alarm output device (not shown in the figure).
- an alarm output device include a horn, optical and other acoustic warning signals that can be directed both into the interior to warn the occupants and outside to transmit an alarm to the outside world such as passers-by or other road users.
- an alarm output device may include haptic warning signals, such as vibrating the steering wheel or pedals, as well as manipulation of the vehicle's driving behavior, such as a safe mode in which the vehicle stops at the curb.
- the senor 2 is positioned at a distance from the edge of the laminated pane 1 .
- the spacing is selected in particular in such a way that the sensor 2 is placed as centrally as possible in relation to the covered vehicle interior in order to achieve optimal spatial coverage and thus optimal spatial monitoring.
- the sensor 2 is also positioned on the laminated pane 1 in such a way that it protrudes beyond the outside IV of the inner pane 3 into the vehicle interior.
- the overhang of the sensor 2 into the interior is made visually appealing by a cover 9 .
- the cover 9 includes a through-opening through which the sensor can transmit signals into the interior space underneath and/or receive signals from the interior space.
- the cover 9 can also be made of material that is transparent to the sensor signals and can be designed without a through opening. The cover 9 protects the sensor from mechanical influences and from dust and moisture.
- the senor 2 is protected against disturbing solar radiation by a black print 10, which is attached to the inner surface II of the outer pane 4 and corresponds in its dimensions to the contact surface of the sensor or is selected slightly larger in order to also keep out incident light from the side. This ensures trouble-free operation of the sensor and also protects the sensor against UV light aging.
- the sensor 2 is or can be connected to a power source (not shown) via an electrical connection 7 .
- the electrical connection 7 is made from an optically inconspicuous material and is preferably transparent.
- an electrical connection is referred to as transparent if it has a transmission in the visible spectral range of greater than or equal to 20%.
- the electrical connection can also have a higher transmission, for example greater than or equal to 35%, or greater than or equal to 50%. Since the electrical connection according to the invention has the same or greater transmission in the visible spectral range than the other layers or the other areas of the laminated pane, panes with a transmission in the visible spectral range can be realized which are suitable, for example, as vehicle roof panes.
- the disc according to the invention preferably has a Total transmission greater than 35%, greater than 50% or greater than 70%.
- the term total transmission or transmission refers to the procedure for testing the light transmittance of ECE-R 43, Annex 3, Section 9.1
- the laminated pane is tinted or colored.
- the laminated pane can preferably have a transmission in the visible spectral range of less than 50%, for example less than 20%, also in the area of the electrical connection. In this way panes can be realized with a transparent electrical connection of the sensor according to the invention and with a reduced transmission in the visible spectral range.
- Such tinted or colored lenses may be desirable for aesthetic or thermal reasons, for example.
- the electrical connection 7 is formed by current paths in an electrically conductive layer or by conductive wires designed in a serpentine manner.
- the current paths can, for example, be introduced into or formed from a very thin metal layer.
- the current paths are preferably formed by laser technology in an existing Low-E layer. Examples of layer structures that have both high electrical conductivity and an infrared-reflecting effect are known to the person skilled in the art from WO 2013/104439 and WO 2013/104438.
- any electrically conductive layer is also suitable for making electrical contact between the sensor and the electrical connection. In this case, current paths are introduced into the electrically conductive layer, via which two voltage poles are connected to the sensor according to the invention.
- Methods for structuring electrically conductive layers are well known to those skilled in the art. These include, for example, etching or laser processes.
- the current paths are particularly preferably generated by laser separating lines in the electrically conductive layer. In the embodiment shown, the current paths are used equally for communication and data transmission with a controller and/or with the alarm output device (not shown here).
- the electrical connection 7 can be established by conductive wires.
- the necessary transparency or the optically unobtrusive design which is the subject matter of the present invention, can be achieved in this variant in that the wires are on the one hand very thin and/or on the other hand designed in a serpentine manner.
- a well-known example in the manufacture of vehicle windows is such wires that are used as heating wires in windshields.
- wires usually have a thickness of about 20 ⁇ m and they are practically undetectable by looking through them.
- multiple wires can be provided for a current path and/or communication path. Since the wires are so thin that the occupants can hardly see them visually, a large number of wires can be used not only as an electrical connection, but also for communication and data transmission without taking up much space, so that in this way there is redundancy for the Power line or for data transmission can be provided without further visual impairment.
- FIG. 2 shows a further embodiment of the laminated pane 1 according to the invention in a schematic cross-sectional view.
- the general structure of the laminated pane 1 with sensor 2, outer pane 4, inner pane 3 and intermediate layer 5 laminated in between corresponds to the structure as shown in FIG. 1, so that only the different versions are discussed below.
- the sensor 2 is attached to the outside IV of the inner pane, for example by gluing.
- the sensor 2 is covered from the interior with a cover 9, as already described above.
- the inner pane 3 there is a recess 6 in the area of the sensor 2, but in any case within the area of the inner pane 3 covered by the cover 9, in the form of a through opening.
- FIG. 3 shows a further embodiment of the laminated pane 1 according to the present invention.
- the composite pane 1 comprises an outer pane 4 with an outer side I and an inner side II, an inner pane 3 with an outer side IV, which faces the vehicle interior, and an inner side III, and an intermediate layer 5 arranged between the two panes 3 and 4.
- the sensor 2 is inserted into a recess 6 of the inner pane and projects beyond this into the interior of the vehicle.
- the sensor 2 is covered with its protruding into the interior section by a cover 9, which is attached to the outside IV of the inner pane 3.
- the cover 9 has an opening for the beam path of the sensor 2 .
- the upper side of the sensor 2 is fixed to the intermediate layer 5 .
- a current source 8 is integrated in the intermediate layer above the sensor 2 .
- the power source 8 can be a battery and/or a photovoltaic device, for example.
- the sensor 2 is electrically conductively connected to the power source 8 by a cable connection 7 . Due to the spatial proximity, the cable connection can be made so short that it is visually unobtrusive and is also covered by the cover 9 for a vehicle occupant.
- the data transmission from the sensor 2 to a controller and/or to the alarm output device can take place wirelessly in this exemplary embodiment, for example via a WLAN, Bluetooth® or radio connection. In contrast to the previous embodiments, a conductive layer 7 is not provided.
- a black print 10 is provided on the inside II of the outer pane 4 in the surface area of the sensor and its cover, which, in contrast to the previous embodiments, however, only covers the areas that lie outside the power source 8 arranged underneath. In this way, the sunlight can radiate onto the photovoltaic device, with the sensor 2 arranged below the power source 8 still being protected from the solar radiation. This protection against radiation is also provided if a battery is used as the power source 8 . In this case, the black print 10 can also cover the battery.
- FIG. 4 shows a further example of a laminated pane 1 according to the invention with a sensor 2 for monitoring the interior of the vehicle.
- the senor 2 is not fixed in a recess in the inner pane but on the outside IV of the inner pane 3.
- the electrical connection 7 is designed, for example, as a cable connection or as a foil conductor and is passed through a through-opening 6 in the inner pane 3 led to the power source 8.
- FIG. 5 shows an embodiment of the invention similar to the embodiment shown in FIG.
- a current source 8 is arranged above the sensor 2 in the intermediate layer 5 and is conductively connected to the sensor 2 by an electrical connection 7 .
- the electrical connection 7 is routed through a through-opening 6 in the inner pane to the sensor 2 and connected to it.
- the data transmission of the sensor 2 to a controller and/or to an alarm output device is not made possible and implemented wirelessly but via a fiber optic connection 11 .
- the glass fiber connection 11 is transparent and in the present case is guided along the inside III of the inner pane 3 to the edge of the composite pane 1 .
- the glass fiber connection 11 is made so thin that the thermoplastic intermediate layer 5 can also be made with the usual thickness and can be laminated without cutouts with the other two panes when the glass fiber connection is inserted.
- FIG. 6 shows an embodiment of the invention similar to the embodiment shown in FIG.
- the electrical connection 7 is routed through a through-opening 6 in the inner pane to the sensor 2 and connected to it.
- the data transmission of the sensor 2 to a controller and/or to an alarm output device is not wireless or via the electrical connection 7 but made possible and realized via a fiber optic connection 11 .
- the power source for the power supply of the sensor 2 can be provided in the sensor 2 itself.
- FIG. 7 shows an embodiment of the invention similar to the embodiment shown in FIG.
- the electrical connection 7 is also routed through the recess 6 in the inner pane 3 to the sensor 2 and connected to it.
- the data transmission of the sensor 2 to a controller and/or to an alarm output device is not enabled and implemented wirelessly or via the electrical connection 7 but via a fiber optic connection 11 .
- the power source for the power supply of the sensor 2 can be provided in the sensor 2 itself.
- FIG. 8 shows a further example of a laminated pane 1 according to the invention with a sensor 2 for monitoring the interior of the vehicle.
- the laminated pane 1 comprises an outer pane 4 with an outside I and an inside II and an inner pane 3 with an outside IV and an inside III.
- the two disks 3 and 4 are laminated together with an intermediate layer 5 made of a thermoplastic material.
- An electrical connection 7 is provided on the outside IV of the inner pane 3 , which electrically conductively connects the sensor 2 to a controller and/or an alarm device outside of the composite pane 1 .
- the sensor 2 is attached to the electrical connection 7 oriented downward into the interior of the vehicle and makes conductive contact with the electrical connection 7 .
- the electrically conductive connection 7 is designed to be optically unobtrusive and, for example, through current paths in a thin metallic coating, through a metal print, in particular through a silver print. or a low-E coating.
- the thin metallic coating can consist of copper or silver, for example.
- the power source can be provided outside of the laminated pane 1 . However, it can also be integrated in the sensor 2 . Toward the interior, the sensor 2 is optically pleasingly covered by a cover 9, which has a recess through which the beam path of the sensor is guided.
- a black print 10 is provided on the inside II of the outer pane 4 in the surface area of the sensor 2 and the cover 9, which protects the sensor from solar radiation.
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Abstract
The invention relates to a laminated pane (1) for use as a vehicle roof pane having at least one sensor (2), comprising at least an inner pane (3) having an inner side (III) and an outer side (IV), an outer pane (4) having an inner side (II) and an outer side (I), a thermoplastic interlayer (5) that joins the inner side (II) of the outer pane (4) and the inner side (IV) of the inner pane (3) to one another, wherein the sensor (2) produces safety-relevant information about states in the interior of the vehicle and is connected to at least one alarm output device, wherein the sensor (2) is positioned on the laminated pane (1) at a distance from the edge of the laminated pane in such a way that it projects into the vehicle interior from the outer side (IV) of the inner pane (3), and wherein the sensor (2) is connected to a power source (8) by way of an electrical connection (7), the electrical connection (7) being visually inconspicuous, and to the use of the laminated pane (1) as a vehicle roof pane.
Description
Verbundscheibe für ein Fahrzeugdach mit Sicherheitssensor zur Innenraumüberwachung Composite pane for a vehicle roof with a safety sensor for monitoring the interior
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Verbundscheibe zur Verwendung als Fahrzeugdachscheibe mit mindestens einem Sensor, der sicherheitsrelevante Informationen über Zustände im Innenraum des Fahrzeugs erzeugt. The invention relates to a laminated pane for use as a vehicle roof pane with at least one sensor that generates safety-relevant information about conditions in the interior of the vehicle.
Moderne Fahrzeuge werden heute auf höchstmögliche Effizienz und optimale Insassensicherheit entwickelt und werden mit einer Vielzahl von Fahrerassistenzsystemen ausgerüstet. Hierzu zählen zum Beispiel Regensensoren, Tageslichtsensoren, Gegenlichtsensoren, Ultraschallsensoren, optische Kameras und Radarsensoren. Sie dienen in aller Regel der Verkehrsüberwachung außerhalb des Fahrzeugs und können beispielsweise Straßenschilder erkennen oder die Position und die Geschwindigkeit von Objekten, wie andere Verkehrsteilnehmer oder auf der Fahrbahn befindliche Hindernisse, erkennen. Derzeit werden zu diesem Zweck vorwiegend optische Kameras oder Radarsysteme eingesetzt. Today's modern vehicles are developed for maximum efficiency and optimal passenger safety and are equipped with a large number of driver assistance systems. These include, for example, rain sensors, daylight sensors, backlight sensors, ultrasonic sensors, optical cameras and radar sensors. As a rule, they are used for traffic monitoring outside the vehicle and can, for example, recognize street signs or the position and speed of objects, such as other road users or obstacles on the roadway. Currently, optical cameras or radar systems are mainly used for this purpose.
Für die Überwachung des Fahrzeug-Innenraums werden derzeit meist Kamerasysteme, wie beispielsweise Infrarotkamerasysteme, beispielsweise für die Fahrerüberwachung, Gestenerkennung und für die Müdigkeitserkennung eingesetzt. Das Gesichtsfeld einer Person, beispielsweise des Fahrers kann durch eine Kamera gesucht und überwacht werden. Aus den aufgenommenen Bildern kann dann der Bereich der Augen (Auge auf/ zu) separiert und ausgewertet werden. Aus der Häufigkeit des Lidschlusses können dann Rückschlüsse zum Müdigkeitszustand gezogen werden. Optische Sensorsysteme sind in der Regel in ihrer Funktion und Datenqualität stark von Umwelteinflüssen und Umgebungshelligkeit abhängig, Kamerasysteme müssen zudem exakt ausgerichtet sein und brauchen einen freien Zugang auf den Erfassungsbereich. Mit einer Kamera können grundsätzlich Personen und ihre Position im Fahrzeug Innenraum erkannt und bestimmt werden. Ein Kind in einem Kindersitz, welches mit einem Tuch gegen die Sonne geschützt werden soll, kann durch die Abdeckung gegebenenfalls aber nicht erkannt werden. Mit Infrarotkameras ist es möglich Personen von Gegenständen im
Fahrzeuginnenraum, beispielsweise also ein Kind in einem Kindersitz und einen leeren Kindersitz zu unterscheiden. Currently, camera systems, such as infrared camera systems, for example for driver monitoring, gesture recognition and drowsiness recognition, are mostly used for monitoring the vehicle interior. The field of view of a person, for example the driver, can be searched and monitored by a camera. The area around the eyes (eyes open/closed) can then be separated and evaluated from the recorded images. Conclusions about the state of tiredness can then be drawn from the frequency of eyelid closure. Optical sensor systems are usually heavily dependent on environmental influences and ambient brightness in terms of their function and data quality. Camera systems must also be precisely aligned and need free access to the detection area. In principle, people and their position in the vehicle interior can be recognized and determined with a camera. However, a child in a child seat that is to be protected against the sun with a cloth may not be able to be recognized through the cover. With infrared cameras it is possible to detect people from objects in the room Vehicle interior, for example, to distinguish a child in a child seat and an empty child seat.
Werden Kinder oder Tiere bei Sonnenschein in einem verschlossenen Fahrzeug zurückgelassen können durch Überhitzung sehr schnell kritische Gesundheitszustände oder gar Tod eintreten. If children or animals are left in a locked vehicle when the sun is shining, critical health conditions or even death can occur very quickly due to overheating.
Auch andere sicherheitsrelevante Informationen wie das Anlegen bzw. das Angelegtbleiben eines Sicherheitsgurtes oder eine gefährliche Verschiebung von geladenen Gegenständen sind neben weiteren Informationen zum Wohlergehen der Insassen durch Sensoren erfassbar. Other safety-relevant information such as putting on or staying on a seat belt or dangerous displacement of loaded objects can also be detected by sensors, along with other information on the well-being of the occupants.
Um eine gute Sensorerfassung zu ermöglichen, werden die Sensoren meist beabstandet vom Rand und möglichst zentral in Bezug auf den zu überwachenden Innenraum platziert. Diese Platzierung führt nun jedoch dazu, dass die nötigen elektrischen Verbindungen zur Stromversorgung des Sensors und/oder die Verbindungen zur Datenübertragung an eine Steuerung oder Auswertung im Falle einer Fahrzeugdachscheibe sichtbar zum Rand geführt werden müssten und optisch auffällig sind. Häufig wird daher eine Platzierung der Sensoren in Randnähe, d.h. nicht zentral zum Innenraum, vorgesehen und ein Schwarzdruck im Bereich der Verbindungsführung wird aufgetragen, um die einzelnen Leitungen zu kaschieren, oder es wird eine große Abdeckung vorgesehen, die auch die Zuleitungen überdeckt. In order to enable good sensor detection, the sensors are usually placed at a distance from the edge and as centrally as possible in relation to the interior space to be monitored. However, this placement now means that the necessary electrical connections for the power supply of the sensor and/or the connections for data transmission to a controller or evaluation in the case of a vehicle roof window would have to be routed visibly to the edge and are visually conspicuous. Therefore, the sensors are often placed near the edge, i.e. not in the center of the interior, and a black print is applied in the area of the connection guide to conceal the individual lines, or a large cover is provided that also covers the supply lines.
Dies führt jedoch zu einer weniger günstigen Position, damit ein Sensor den gesamten Innerraum überwachen kann, und zu einer Einschränkung der durchsichtigen Fläche der Fahrzeugdachscheibe, welche unerwünscht ist und zu einem weniger guten Raumgefühl der Fahrzeuginsassen führt. However, this results in a less favorable position for a sensor to monitor the entire interior and limits the see-through area of the vehicle roof glass, which is undesirable and results in less spaciousness for the vehicle occupants.
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es daher eine Verbundscheibe für ein Fahrzeug mit einer guten Sicherheitsüberwachungsfunktion für den Fahrzeuginnenraum und darin befindliche
Personen und hoher Raumabdeckung bereitzustellen, die zudem kostengünstig und einfach herstellbar ist, eine sehr gute Innenraumabdeckung des Sensors gewährleistet, aber gleichzeitig eine Maximierung der durchsichtigen Fläche der Dachscheibe und damit eine Verbesserung des Raumgefühls der Insassen ermöglicht. The object of the invention is therefore a laminated pane for a vehicle with a good safety monitoring function for the vehicle interior and inside Provide people and high space coverage, which is also inexpensive and easy to produce, ensures a very good interior coverage of the sensor, but at the same time allows maximizing the transparent surface of the roof pane and thus improving the sense of space for the occupants.
Die Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß gelöst durch eine Verbundscheibe gemäß Anspruch 1 und durch die Verwendung der Verbundscheibe als Fahrzeugdachscheibe gemäß Anspruch 12. Weitere bevorzugte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind in den Unteransprüchen angegeben. The object is achieved according to the invention by a composite pane according to claim 1 and by the use of the composite pane as a vehicle roof pane according to claim 12. Further preferred configurations of the invention are specified in the dependent claims.
Die Erfindung betrifft daher eine Verbundscheibe zur Verwendung als Fahrzeugdachscheibe mit mindestens einem Sensor, mindestens umfassend The invention therefore relates to a composite pane for use as a vehicle roof pane with at least one sensor, at least comprising
- eine Innenscheibe mit einer Innenseite und einer Außenseite, - an inner pane with an inside and an outside,
- eine Außenscheibe mit einer Innenseite und einer Außenseite, - an outer pane with an inside and an outside,
- eine thermoplastische Zwischenschicht, die die Innenseite der Außenscheibe und die Innenseite der Innenscheibe miteinander verbindet. - a thermoplastic interlayer that connects the inner side of the outer pane and the inner side of the inner pane.
Erfindungsgemäß ist nun vorgesehen, dass der Sensor sicherheitsrelevante Informationen über Zustände im Innenraum des Fahrzeugs erzeugt und mit mindestens einer Alarmausgabeeinrichtung verbunden ist. Der Sensor ist beabstandet von dem Rand der Verbundscheibe derart an der Verbundscheibe positioniert, dass er die Außenseite der Innenscheibe in den Fahrzeuginnenraum hinein überragt, und der Sensor ist über eine elektrische Verbindung mit einer Stromquelle verbunden, wobei die elektrische Verbindung optisch unauffällig ausgebildet ist. According to the invention, it is now provided that the sensor generates safety-relevant information about conditions in the interior of the vehicle and is connected to at least one alarm output device. The sensor is positioned on the composite pane at a distance from the edge of the composite pane in such a way that it protrudes beyond the outside of the inner pane into the vehicle interior, and the sensor is connected to a power source via an electrical connection, the electrical connection being designed to be optically unobtrusive.
Die erfindungsgemäße Verbundscheibe mit einem Sensor umfasst mindestens eine Innenscheibe und eine Außenscheibe, die über eine thermoplastische Zwischenschicht miteinander laminiert sind. Die Verbundscheibe kann eine Fahrzeugdachverbundscheibe mit dreidimensionaler Biegung sein. Die Innenscheibe und die Außenscheibe verfügen jeweils über eine Innenseite und eine Außenseite, die im Wesentlichen parallel zueinander verlaufen. Die thermoplastische Zwischenschicht verbindet dabei die Innenseite der Innenscheibe und die Innenseite der Außenscheibe.
Die thermoplastische Zwischenschicht enthält mindestens eine thermoplastische Folie und ist in einer vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung durch eine einzelne thermoplastische Folie ausgebildet. Das ist vorteilhaft hinsichtlich eines einfachen Aufbaus und einer geringen Gesamtdicke des Verbundglases. Die thermoplastische Zwischenschicht beziehungsweise die thermoplastische Folie enthält bevorzugt zumindest Polyvinylbutyral (PVB), Ethylenvinylacetat (EVA), Polyurethan (PU) oder Gemische oder Copolymere oder Derivate davon, die sich für Verbundgläser bewährt haben. Die Dicke der thermoplastischen Zwischenschicht beträgt bevorzugt von 0,2 mm bis 1,0 mm. Beispielsweise können thermoplastische Folien der Standarddicke von 0,76 mm verwendet werden. The composite pane according to the invention with a sensor comprises at least one inner pane and one outer pane, which are laminated to one another via a thermoplastic intermediate layer. The laminated pane may be a three-dimensional curved vehicle roof laminated pane. The inner pane and the outer pane each have an inner side and an outer side that run essentially parallel to one another. The thermoplastic intermediate layer connects the inside of the inner pane and the inside of the outer pane. The thermoplastic intermediate layer contains at least one thermoplastic film and, in an advantageous embodiment, is formed by a single thermoplastic film. This is advantageous in terms of a simple structure and a small overall thickness of the laminated glass. The thermoplastic intermediate layer or the thermoplastic film preferably contains at least polyvinyl butyral (PVB), ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), polyurethane (PU) or mixtures or copolymers or derivatives thereof, which have proven useful for laminated glasses. The thickness of the thermoplastic intermediate layer is preferably from 0.2 mm to 1.0 mm. For example, thermoplastic films of the standard thickness of 0.76 mm can be used.
Die Außenscheibe, die Innenscheibe und die thermoplastische Zwischenschicht können klar und farblos, aber auch getönt oder gefärbt sein. Die Gesamttransmission durch das Verbundglas beträgt in einer bevorzugten Ausgestaltung größer 70%, insbesondere wenn das Verbundglas eine Windschutzscheibe oder eine Fahrzeugdachscheibe ist. Der Begriff Gesamttransmission bezieht sich auf das durch ECE-R 43, Anhang 3, § 9.1 festgelegte Verfahren zur Prüfung der Lichtdurchlässigkeit von Kraftfahrzeugscheiben. The outer pane, the inner pane and the thermoplastic intermediate layer can be clear and colorless, but also tinted or colored. In a preferred embodiment, the total transmission through the laminated glass is greater than 70%, in particular if the laminated glass is a windshield or a vehicle roof window. The term total transmission refers to the procedure specified by ECE-R 43, Appendix 3, Section 9.1 for testing the light transmittance of motor vehicle windows.
Das Verbundglas ist bevorzugt in einer oder in mehreren Richtungen des Raumes gebogen, wie es für Kraftfahrzeugscheiben üblich ist, wobei typische Krümmungsradien im Bereich von etwa 10 cm bis etwa 40 m liegen. Die Innenscheibe und/oder die Außenscheibe können thermisch oder chemisch vorgespannt, teilvorgespannt oder nicht vorgespannt sein. The laminated glass is preferably curved in one or more spatial directions, as is usual for motor vehicle windows, with typical radii of curvature being in the range from about 10 cm to about 40 m. The inner pane and/or the outer pane can be thermally or chemically prestressed, partially prestressed or not prestressed.
In einer vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der erfindungsgemäßen Verbundscheibe als Dachscheibe eines Kraftfahrzeugs ist die Außenscheibe eine nicht-vorgespannte
Scheibe. Die Außenscheibe kann Belastungen wie Steinschlag ausgesetzt sein. Trifft ein Stein, insbesondere ein kleiner, spitzer Stein auf eine Glasscheibe, so kann er deren Oberfläche durchdringen. Im Falle einer vorgespannten Scheibe kann der Stein so in die Zugspannungszone im Scheibeninneren eindringen, was zu einem Zerspringen der Scheibe führt. Eine nicht vorgespannte Außenscheibe weist eine breite Druckspannungszone und geringere Zugspannung im Inneren auf und ist dadurch weniger anfällig gegenüber dem Einschlag eines spitzen Körpers. Eine nicht vorgespannte Außenscheibe ist daher insgesamt sehr vorteilhaft im Hinblick auf die Sicherheit der Fahrzeuginsassen. In an advantageous embodiment of the composite pane according to the invention as a roof pane of a motor vehicle, the outer pane is non-prestressed Disc. The outer pane can be exposed to loads such as stone chipping. If a stone, especially a small, pointed stone, hits a pane of glass, it can penetrate the surface. In the case of a prestressed pane, the stone can thus penetrate into the zone of tensile stress inside the pane, which leads to the pane shattering. A non-prestressed outer pane has a wide compressive stress zone and lower tensile stress on the inside and is therefore less susceptible to the impact of a sharp object. An outer pane that is not prestressed is therefore very advantageous overall with regard to the safety of the vehicle occupants.
In einer bevorzugten Ausgestaltung der Erfindung enthält die Außenscheibe Kalk- Natron-Glas oder Borsilikatglas, insbesondere Kalk-Natron-Glas. Kalk-Natron-Glas ist kostengünstig verfügbar und hat sich für Anwendungen im Fahrzeugbereich bewährt. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the outer pane contains soda-lime glass or borosilicate glass, in particular soda-lime glass. Soda-lime glass is available at low cost and has a proven track record for automotive applications.
Die Innenscheibe kann grundsätzlich jede dem Fachmann bekannte chemische Zusammensetzung aufweisen. Die Innenscheibe kann beispielweise Kalk-Natron-Glas oder Borsilikatglas enthalten oder aus diesen Gläsern bestehen. In principle, the inner pane can have any chemical composition known to the person skilled in the art. The inner pane can contain, for example, soda-lime glass or borosilicate glass or consist of these glasses.
In einer vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist die Innenscheibe eine chemisch vorgespannte Scheibe. Durch die Vorspannung kann die Innenscheibe mit einer besonderen Bruchstabilität und Kratzfestigkeit versehen werden. Für sehr dünne Glasscheiben ist das chemische Vorspannen dabei besser geeignet als das thermische Vorspannen. Da thermisches Vorspannen auf einer Temperaturdifferenz zwischen einer Oberflächenzone und einer Kernzone beruht, setzt thermisches Vorspannen eine Mindestdicke der Glasscheibe voraus. Hinreichende Spannungen können typischerweise mit handelsüblichen thermischen Vorspannvorrichtungen bei Glasdicken ab etwa 2,5 mm erreicht werden. Bei geringeren Glasdicken können in der Regel nicht die allgemein geforderten Werte für die Vorspannung erreicht werden (vgl. beispielsweise die ECE-Regelung 43). Beim chemischen Vorspannen wird durch lonenaustausch die chemische Zusammensetzung des Glases im Bereich der Oberfläche verändert, wobei der lonenaustausch durch Diffusion auf eine Oberflächenzone beschränkt ist. Chemisches Vorspannen ist daher besonders für dünne
Scheiben geeignet. Für das chemische Vorspannen sind auch die Bezeichnungen chemisches Tempern, chemisches Härten oder chemisches Verfestigen gebräuchlich. In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the inner pane is a chemically toughened pane. Due to the prestressing, the inner pane can be provided with a special fracture stability and scratch resistance. Chemical toughening is more suitable for very thin glass panes than thermal toughening. Since thermal toughening is based on a temperature difference between a surface zone and a core zone, thermal toughening requires a minimum thickness of the glass pane. Sufficient stresses can typically be achieved with commercially available thermal tempering devices for glass thicknesses from around 2.5 mm. With lower glass thicknesses, the generally required values for toughening cannot usually be achieved (cf. ECE regulation 43, for example). During chemical toughening, the chemical composition of the glass in the surface area is changed by ion exchange, with the ion exchange being limited to a surface zone by diffusion. Chemical toughening is therefore especially for thin discs suitable. The terms chemical tempering, chemical hardening or chemical strengthening are also commonly used for chemical toughening.
Sofern eine chemisch vorgespannte Glasscheibe mit einer Aussparung versehen werden soll, so wird die Scheibe zuerst mit der gewünschten Aussparung versehen und danach vorgespannt. Dies hat den Vorteil, dass die durch den Vorspannprozess erzeugte Spannungsverteilung nicht durch nachfolgende Bearbeitungen negativ beeinflusst wird. If a chemically toughened glass pane is to be provided with a recess, the pane is first provided with the desired recess and then toughened. This has the advantage that the stress distribution generated by the prestressing process is not negatively influenced by subsequent machining.
Im Automobilbereich ist sowohl die Stabilität und Bruchfestigkeit des Verbundglases als auch ein möglichst geringes Gewicht der Verglasung von enormer Wichtigkeit. Diesbezüglich konnte festgestellt werden, dass sich eine Asymmetrie der Außen- und der Innenscheibe im Hinblick auf ihre Dicke vorteilhaft auf die Stabilität der Verbundscheibe auswirkt. Dabei ist die Dicke der Außenscheibe in der Regel wesentlich größer als die Dicke der Innenscheibe. Eine solche Dickenasymmetrie mit den einhergehenden Vorteilen kann auch bei der erfindungsgemäßen Verbundscheibe mit Sensor wünschenswert sein. In the automotive sector, both the stability and breakage resistance of the laminated glass and the lowest possible weight of the glazing are of enormous importance. In this regard, it was found that an asymmetry of the outer and inner panes with regard to their thickness has an advantageous effect on the stability of the composite pane. The thickness of the outer pane is generally significantly greater than the thickness of the inner pane. Such a thickness asymmetry with the associated advantages can also be desirable in the case of the laminated pane with sensor according to the invention.
Das Verbundglas kann auch mit einer Zusatzfunktion versehen werden, indem die thermoplastische Zwischenschicht funktionelle Einlagerungen aufweist, beispielsweise Einlagerungen mit IR-absorbierenden, UV-absorbierenden, farbgebenden oder akustischen Eigenschaften. Die Einlagerungen sind beispielsweise organische oder anorganische Ionen, Verbindungen, Aggregate, Moleküle, Kristalle, Pigmente oder Farbstoffe. The laminated glass can also be provided with an additional function in that the thermoplastic intermediate layer has functional inclusions, for example inclusions with IR-absorbing, UV-absorbing, coloring or acoustic properties. The inclusions are, for example, organic or inorganic ions, compounds, aggregates, molecules, crystals, pigments or dyes.
Insbesondere bei Verwendung der erfindungsgemäßen Verbundscheibe in Fahrzeugen, zum Beispiel als Windschutzscheibe oder Fahrzeugdachscheibe, ist es vorteilhaft darüberhinausgehende Funktionen zu implementieren um die negativen Auswirkungen von Witterungseinflüssen wie starker Sonneneinstrahlung oder Eisbildung zu verringern. Dazu können beispielsweise sogenannte Low-E-Beschichtungen und/oder heizbare Beschichtungen auf der Innenseite der Innenscheibe oder der Außenscheibe aufgebracht sein. Geeignete Materialzusammensetzungen einer elektrisch heizbaren
Beschichtung, die auch als Low-E-Beschichtung fungiert, sind beispielsweise WO 2013/104439 und WO 2013/104438 zu entnehmen. In particular when using the composite pane according to the invention in vehicles, for example as a windshield or vehicle roof pane, it is advantageous to implement additional functions in order to reduce the negative effects of weather influences such as strong sunlight or ice formation. For this purpose, for example, so-called low-E coatings and/or heatable coatings can be applied to the inside of the inner pane or the outer pane. Suitable material compositions of an electrically heatable Coating that also functions as a low-E coating can be found, for example, in WO 2013/104439 and WO 2013/104438.
Der Sensor erzeugt gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung sicherheitsrelevante Informationen über Zustände im Innenraum des Fahrzeugs. Sicherheitsrelevante Informationen über Zustände im Innenraum des Fahrzeugs können sowohl personenbezogene Informationen beinhalten wie beispielsweise einen Schwindelzustand des Fahrers oder eine zu hohe Körpertemperatur der Insassen. Sie können gleichermaßen aber auch - entweder alternativ oder kumulativ - nicht personenbezogene Informationen über Zustände des Innenraums umfassen, wie beispielsweise Innenraumtemperaturen, Helligkeit und Lichtverhältnisse im Innenraum, C02-Konzentration, Angelegtsein von Sicherheitsgurten auf belegten Sitzplätzen, etc. According to the present invention, the sensor generates safety-relevant information about conditions in the interior of the vehicle. Safety-relevant information about conditions in the interior of the vehicle can contain both personal information such as a dizzy state of the driver or an excessively high body temperature of the occupants. However, they can also - either alternatively or cumulatively - include non-personal information about the conditions of the interior, such as interior temperatures, brightness and lighting conditions in the interior, CO2 concentration, seat belts on occupied seats, etc.
Der Sensor ist entweder direkt oder mittelbar, beispielsweise über eine Steuerung, mit einer Alarmausgabeeinrichtung verbunden. Beispiele für eine Alarmausgabeeinrichtung umfassen eine Hupe, optische und andere akustische Warnsignale, die sowohl in den Innenraum gerichtet sein können zur Warnung der Insassen als auch nach Außen zur Übermittlung eines Alarms an die Außenwelt wie Passanten oder andere Verkehrsteilnehmer. Gleichermaßen kann eine Alarmausgabeeinrichtung haptische Warnsignale umfassen, wie zum Beispiel ein Vibrieren des Lenkrads oder der Pedale, wie auch eine Manipulation des Fahrverhaltens des Fahrzeugs, wie zum Beispiel ein abgesicherter Modus, in dem das Fahrzeug am Straßenrand anhält. The sensor is connected to an alarm output device either directly or indirectly, for example via a controller. Examples of an alarm output device include a horn, optical and other acoustic warning signals that can be directed both into the interior to warn the occupants and outside to transmit an alarm to the outside world such as passers-by or other road users. Likewise, an alarm output device may include haptic warning signals, such as vibrating the steering wheel or pedals, as well as manipulation of the vehicle's driving behavior, such as a safe mode in which the vehicle stops at the curb.
Der Sensor ist gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung beabstandet von dem Rand der Verbundscheibe positioniert. Damit kann eine deutlich bessere Innenraumabdeckung erzielt werden als eine Positionierung am Rand der Verbundscheibe. Die Beabstandung wird insbesondere derart gewählt, dass der Sensor möglichst zentral bezogen auf den überdeckten Fahrzeuginnenraum platziert ist, um eine optimale Raumabdeckung und damit eine optimale Raumüberwachung zu erreichen. Zu diesem Zweck und mit diesem Vorteil der besseren Raumabdeckung und damit optimalen Raumüberwachung ist der Sensor darüber hinaus derart an der Verbundscheibe positioniert, dass er die Außenseite der Innenscheibe in den Fahrzeuginnenraum hinein überragt. Zusätzlich
kann auf diese Weise eine sehr einfache Montage und zudem ein einfacher Austausch bei Funktionsstörungen vorgenommen werden. Dies ist damit einhergehend auch eine sehr kostengünstige und wartungsfreundliche Ausgestaltung. According to the present invention, the sensor is positioned at a distance from the edge of the laminated pane. A significantly better interior coverage can thus be achieved than positioning at the edge of the laminated pane. The spacing is selected in particular in such a way that the sensor is placed as centrally as possible in relation to the covered vehicle interior in order to achieve optimal spatial coverage and thus optimal spatial monitoring. For this purpose and with this advantage of better space coverage and thus optimal space monitoring, the sensor is also positioned on the laminated pane in such a way that it protrudes beyond the outside of the inner pane into the vehicle interior. Additionally can be made in this way a very simple assembly and also a simple replacement in case of malfunction. As a result, this is also a very cost-effective and maintenance-friendly configuration.
Moderne Fahrzeugverbundscheiben sind dreidimensional gebogen, wobei im Sinne eines markanten optisch ansprechenden Designs eine Entwicklung hin zu immer stärkeren Biegungen oder hin zu immer größer dimensionierten Fahrzeugdachscheiben zu beobachten ist. Dies zusammen mit den vorgenannten vorteilhaften Bedingungen für das Vorsehen eines Sensors für sicherheitsrelevante Informationen zu Zuständen zum Raumgefühl und zur besseren Raumüberwachung des Innenraums durch den Sensor führt dazu, dass die Beabstandung der Position des Sensors vom Rand der Scheibe immer größer wird. Der Sensor benötigt jedoch eine elektrische und/oder kommunikative Verbindung mit den üblicherweise am Scheibenrand verlaufenden Anschlüssen zu einer Stromquelle beziehungsweise zu einer Steuerung oder Alarmausgabeeinrichtung. Modern vehicle composite panes are three-dimensionally curved, with a development towards ever more pronounced bends or towards ever larger dimensioned vehicle roof panes in the sense of a striking, visually appealing design. This, together with the above-mentioned advantageous conditions for providing a sensor for safety-relevant information on conditions relating to the sense of space and better monitoring of the interior space by the sensor, means that the distance between the position of the sensor and the edge of the pane is increasing. However, the sensor requires an electrical and/or communicative connection with the connections that usually run along the edge of the pane to a power source or to a controller or alarm output device.
Aufgrund der erfindungsgemäßen optisch unauffälligen Ausgestaltung zumindest dieser elektrischen Verbindung ist es vorteilhaft möglich, das den Insassen vermittelte Raumgefühl der sensorbestückten Dachscheibe erheblich zu verbessern und den Anteil des durch den Sensor verdeckten durchsichtigen Bereichs der Scheibe sehr klein zu gestalten, obwohl der Sensor eine bevorzugt zentrale Position über dem Innenraum einnimmt. Auf eine bisherfür im Randbereich der Scheibe angeordnete Sensoren übliche und optisch störende Abdeckung der Zuleitungen, beispielsweise durch einen sich bis zum Scheibenrand erstreckenden Schwarzdruck, kann verzichtet werden. Due to the optically inconspicuous design of at least this electrical connection according to the invention, it is advantageously possible to significantly improve the sense of space conveyed to the occupants of the sensor-equipped roof pane and to make the proportion of the transparent area of the pane covered by the sensor very small, although the sensor preferably has a central position occupies over the interior. There is no longer a need for the optically disruptive covering of the supply lines, which was hitherto customary for sensors arranged in the edge region of the pane, for example by means of a black print extending to the edge of the pane.
Mit anderen Worten ist im Sinne der vorliegenden Erfindung durch den Begriff „optisch unauffällig ausgestaltet“ in Bezug auf die elektrische Verbindung des Sensors insbesondere zum Ausdruck gebracht, dass die elektrische Verbindung vom Sensor zum Rand der Verbundscheibe und/oder zur Stromquelle im Bereich der Verbundscheibe zumindest teilweise, bevorzugt vollständig, nicht mit einer Abdeckung versehen. Gleichermaßen ist die elektrische Verbindung des Sensors zum Rand der Verbundscheibe und/oder zur Stromquelle im Bereich der Verbundscheibe zumindest
teilweise, bevorzugt vollständig, nicht durch einen Schwarzdruck zum Innenraum abgedeckt. In other words, in the context of the present invention, the term "designed to be optically unobtrusive" in relation to the electrical connection of the sensor means in particular that the electrical connection from the sensor to the edge of the laminated pane and/or to the power source in the area of the laminated pane at least partly, preferably completely, not provided with a cover. Equally, the electrical connection of the sensor to the edge of the composite pane and/or to the power source is at least in the area of the composite pane partially, preferably completely, not covered by a black print to the interior.
In einer vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfindung wird unter dem Begriff „optisch unauffällig ausgestaltet“ insbesondere eine elektrische Verbindung verstanden, die transparent ist. Als transparent wird in diesem Zusammenhang eine elektrische Verbindung bezeichnet, die eine Transmission im sichtbaren Spektralbereich von größer oder gleich 20 % aufweist. Die elektrische Verbindung kann aber auch eine höhere Transmission aufweisen, beispielsweise größer oder gleich 35 %, oder größer gleich 50%, aufweisen. Da die erfindungsgemäße elektrische Verbindung insbesondere eine gleich hohe oder eine größere Transmission im sichtbaren Spektralbereich wie die übrigen Schichten bzw. wie die übrigen Bereiche der Verbundscheibe aufweist, können so Scheiben mit einer Transmission im sichtbaren Spektralbereich realisiert werden, die sich beispielsweise als Fahrzeugdachscheiben eignen. Die erfindungsgemäße Scheibe weist bevorzugt eine Gesamttransmission von größer 35 %, größer 50% oder größer 70 % auf. Der Begriff Gesamttransmission bzw. Transmission bezieht sich auf das durch ECE-R 43, Anhang 3, § 9.1 festgelegte Verfahren zur Prüfung der Lichtdurchlässigkeit von Kraftfahrzeugscheiben. In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the term “designed to be optically unobtrusive” means in particular an electrical connection that is transparent. In this context, an electrical connection is referred to as transparent if it has a transmission in the visible spectral range of greater than or equal to 20%. However, the electrical connection can also have a higher transmission, for example greater than or equal to 35%, or greater than or equal to 50%. Since the electrical connection according to the invention has the same or greater transmission in the visible spectral range than the other layers or the other areas of the laminated pane, panes with a transmission in the visible spectral range can be realized which are suitable, for example, as vehicle roof panes. The pane according to the invention preferably has a total transmission of more than 35%, more than 50% or more than 70%. The term total transmission or transmission refers to the procedure specified by ECE-R 43, Appendix 3, Section 9.1 for testing the light transmittance of motor vehicle windows.
In einer alternativen vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung ist die Verbundscheibe getönt oder gefärbt. Die Verbundscheibe kann dabei bevorzugt eine Transmission im sichtbaren Spektralbereich von kleiner 50 %, beispielsweise kleiner 20 %, auch im Bereich der elektrischen Verbindung aufweisen. Damit können Scheiben mit einer erfindungsgemäßen, transparenten elektrischen Verbindung des Sensors und mit einer verminderten Transmission im sichtbaren Spektralbereich realisiert werden. Solche getönten oder gefärbten Scheiben können beispielsweise aus ästhetischen oder thermischen Gründen erwünscht sein. In an alternative advantageous embodiment, the laminated pane is tinted or colored. The laminated pane can preferably have a transmission in the visible spectral range of less than 50%, for example less than 20%, also in the area of the electrical connection. In this way panes can be realized with a transparent electrical connection of the sensor according to the invention and with a reduced transmission in the visible spectral range. Such tinted or colored lenses may be desirable for aesthetic or thermal reasons, for example.
In einer bevorzugten Ausgestaltung der Erfindung umfasst die Verbundscheibe mindestens eine Aussparung der Innenscheibe und mindestens die elektrische Verbindung ist durch die Aussparung der Innenscheibe zu dem Sensor geführt.
Die erfindungsgemäße Verbundscheibe ist eine Fahrzeugdachverbundscheibe mit einer bevorzugt im Laserverfahren oder mittels mechanischem Bohren erzeugten Aussparung in der Innenscheibe der Verbundscheibe. Eine mittels Laserverfahren erzeugte Aussparung lässt sich in ihrer Oberflächenstruktur und Präzision von einer mittels mechanischen Verfahren erzeugten Öffnung unterscheiden. Eine derartige Aussparung weist eine entsprechend hohe Präzision und geringe Fertigungstoleranz auf, so dass diese auch in dreidimensional gebogenen Scheiben geeignet ist, einen Sensor fester Größe oder auch nur die elektrische Verbindung passgenau aufzunehmen, wobei der Sensor zwar in die Aussparung der Innenscheibe eingesetzt sein kann, diese jedoch immer zum Innenraum des Fahrzeugs hin überragt. Lediglich die elektrische Zuleitung bzw. Verbindung des Sensors durch eine Aussparung zu führen, hat den Vorteil, dass nur eine sehr kleine Aussparung vorgesehen werden muss und die Montage des Sensors vollständig an der Außenseite der Innenscheibe erfolgen kann. Wird die Aussparung so dimensioniert, dass der Sensor mit seiner elektrischen Verbindung in der Aussparung aufgenommen wird, werden beide Teile besser geschützt und die Bautiefe in den Innenraum hinein wird geringer, so dass der Sensor optisch als noch weniger störend empfunden wird. Die Aussparung kann sowohl rechteckig, kreisförmig als auch elliptisch oder unregelmäßig geformt sein. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the composite pane includes at least one recess in the inner pane and at least the electrical connection is routed through the recess in the inner pane to the sensor. The laminated pane according to the invention is a laminated vehicle roof pane with a recess in the inner pane of the laminated pane, preferably produced using a laser process or by means of mechanical drilling. A recess created using a laser process can be distinguished from an opening created using mechanical processes in terms of its surface structure and precision. Such a recess has a correspondingly high level of precision and low manufacturing tolerances, so that it is also suitable in three-dimensionally curved panes to accommodate a sensor of a fixed size or just the electrical connection with a precise fit, with the sensor being able to be inserted into the recess in the inner pane, however, this always protrudes towards the interior of the vehicle. Merely routing the electrical supply line or connection of the sensor through a cutout has the advantage that only a very small cutout needs to be provided and the sensor can be installed completely on the outside of the inner pane. If the cutout is dimensioned in such a way that the sensor with its electrical connection is accommodated in the cutout, both parts are better protected and the structural depth into the interior becomes smaller, so that the sensor is perceived as even less disturbing from a visual point of view. The recess can be rectangular, circular, elliptical or irregular in shape.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist die elektrische Verbindung durch Strompfade in einer elektrisch leitenden Schicht, durch leitende Drähte, durch einen aufgedruckten Strompfad oder durch eine Kabelverbindung zu einer Stromquelle ausgebildet. In a preferred embodiment, the electrical connection is formed by current paths in an electrically conductive layer, by conductive wires, by a printed current path or by a cable connection to a power source.
Alle genannten bevorzugten Ausgestaltungen der optisch unauffälligen elektrischen Verbindung sind nahezu oder vollständig transparent und erfüllen so die hohen Anforderungen der Automobilindustrie für eine möglichst große durchsichtige Fläche der Dachscheibe. Der Begriff „optisch unauffällig“ kann auch „durch das menschliche Auge kaum wahrnehmbar“ beinhalten. Die optisch unauffällige elektrische Verbindung behindert nicht oder nur sehr wenig die Durchsicht durch die Verbundscheibe. Mithin bietet sie eine ausgezeichnete Möglichkeit, die Stromverbindung, aber auch falls gewünscht zusätzlich die kommunikative Verbindung zu einer Steuerung oder der Alarmausgabeeinrichtung sicher herzustellen, ohne die durch die Beabstandung des
Sensors vom Rand der Verbundscheibe in vielen Fällen recht große Distanz mit einer Abdeckung oder einem Schwarzdruck zu stören und das Raumgefühl der Insassen zu verringern. All preferred configurations of the optically inconspicuous electrical connection mentioned are almost or completely transparent and thus meet the high requirements of the automobile industry for the largest possible transparent surface of the roof pane. The term "optically inconspicuous" can also include "barely perceptible to the human eye". The optically inconspicuous electrical connection does not or only very slightly impede the view through the laminated pane. It therefore offers an excellent opportunity to safely establish the power connection, but also, if desired, the communicative connection to a controller or the alarm output device, without the distance from the sensor from the edge of the compound pane in many cases quite a large distance with a cover or a black print and reduce the sense of space for the occupants.
Um eine besonders ansprechende Gestaltung zu gewährleisten, kann die elektrische Stromversorgung des Sensors in einer bevorzugten Ausgestaltung der Erfindung über eine elektrisch leitfähige Schicht auf einer der Scheibenoberflächen erfolgen. Auf eine optisch störende elektrische Zuleitung in Form von Kabeln kann dabei verzichtet werden. Bei Kraftfahrzeugscheiben finden elektrisch leitfähige Schichten häufig bereits Anwendung in Form von beheizbaren Schichten oder sogenannten Low-E (low emissivity) Schichten, die eine starke Erwärmung des Fahrzeuginnenraums verhindern. Insbesondere sind die modernen elektrisch leitenden Schichten transparent wie vorstehend definiert. Je nach weiterem Verwendungszweck der elektrisch leitfähigen Schicht kann diese auf der Innenseite der Außenscheibe, der Innenseite der Innenscheibe oder der Außenseite der Innenscheibe aufgebracht sein. Beispiele für Schichtaufbauten, die gleichermaßen über eine hohe elektrische Leitfähigkeit und eine infrarotreflektierende Wirkung verfügen, sind dem Fachmann aus WO 2013/104439 und WO 2013/104438 bekannt. Zur elektrischen Kontaktierung des Sensors an die elektrische Verbindung ist jedoch darüber hinaus jegliche elektrisch leitfähige Schicht geeignet. Dabei werden in die elektrisch leitfähige Schicht Strompfade eingebracht, über die zwei Spannungspole an dem erfindungsgemäßen Sensor angeschlossen werden. Methoden zur Strukturierung elektrisch leitfähiger Schichten sind dem Fachmann hinlänglich bekannt. Dazu gehören beispielsweise Ätzen oder Laserverfahren. Besonders bevorzugt werden die Strompfade durch Lasertrennlinien in der elektrisch leitfähigen Schicht erzeugt. In order to ensure a particularly attractive design, in a preferred embodiment of the invention, the sensor can be supplied with electrical power via an electrically conductive layer on one of the pane surfaces. There is no need for an optically disturbing electrical supply line in the form of cables. Electrically conductive layers are often already used in motor vehicle windows in the form of heatable layers or so-called Low-E (low emissivity) layers, which prevent the vehicle interior from heating up to any great extent. In particular, the modern electrically conductive layers are transparent as defined above. Depending on the further intended use of the electrically conductive layer, it can be applied to the inside of the outer pane, the inside of the inner pane or the outside of the inner pane. Examples of layer structures that have both high electrical conductivity and an infrared-reflecting effect are known to the person skilled in the art from WO 2013/104439 and WO 2013/104438. However, any electrically conductive layer is also suitable for making electrical contact between the sensor and the electrical connection. In this case, current paths are introduced into the electrically conductive layer, via which two voltage poles are connected to the sensor according to the invention. Methods for structuring electrically conductive layers are well known to those skilled in the art. These include, for example, etching or laser processes. The current paths are particularly preferably generated by laser separating lines in the electrically conductive layer.
Die Kontaktierung eines Sensors an einer leitfähigen Schicht kann beispielsweise mittels auf der elektrisch leitfähigen Schicht aufgebrachten Anschlusselementen erfolgen. Befindet sich die elektrisch leitfähige Schicht auf der Innenseite der Innenscheibe oder der Innenseite der Außenscheibe, so kann ein folienartiges Anschlusselement im Bereich der Aussparung in den Schichtstapel eingelegt werden. Dieses Anschlusselement weist an der zur elektrisch leitfähigen Schicht weisenden Oberfläche zwei elektrische Kontakte auf, die auf die entsprechenden Strompfade der elektrisch
leitfähigen Schicht aufgelegt werden. Die die elektrischen Kontakte umgebende Fläche des folienartigen Anschlusselementes kann beispielsweise mit einem Klebstoff versehen werden, der das Anschlusselement auf der Schicht fixiert. Der Teilbereich des folienartigen Anschlusselementes, auf den der Sensor aufgesetzt werden soll, wird ebenfalls mit Kontakten versehen. Bevorzugt weist das folienartige Anschlusselement dazu eine metallische Oberfläche auf. Die Kontaktierung zwischen Sensor und folienartigem Anschlusselement findet dabei bevorzugt nicht stoffschlüssig, also in Form einer lösbaren Verbindung statt. Bevorzugt ist der Sensor kraftschlüssig in eine Aussparung eingesetzt, wobei es zu einer elektrischen Kontaktierung des Sensors mit der metallischen Oberfläche des folienartigen Anschlusselementes kommt. Somit muss zum Auswechseln des Sensors lediglich die kraftschlüssige Verbindung (beispielsweise Clip-Profil) gelöst werden. A sensor can be contacted on a conductive layer, for example, by means of connection elements applied to the electrically conductive layer. If the electrically conductive layer is on the inside of the inner pane or the inside of the outer pane, a film-like connection element can be inserted into the layer stack in the area of the recess. This connection element has two electrical contacts on the surface facing the electrically conductive layer, which are connected to the corresponding current paths of the electrically conductive layer are placed. The surface of the foil-like connection element surrounding the electrical contacts can be provided with an adhesive, for example, which fixes the connection element on the layer. The section of the film-like connection element on which the sensor is to be placed is also provided with contacts. The foil-like connection element preferably has a metallic surface for this purpose. The contacting between the sensor and the film-like connecting element preferably does not take place in a materially bonded manner, that is to say in the form of a detachable connection. The sensor is preferably inserted into a recess in a non-positive manner, with the result that the sensor makes electrical contact with the metal surface of the foil-like connection element. Thus, to replace the sensor, only the non-positive connection (e.g. clip profile) has to be loosened.
Alternativ oder kumulativ kann die elektrische Verbindung durch leitende Drähte hergestellt sein. Die nötige Transparenz bzw. die optisch unauffällige Ausgestaltung, die ebenfalls Gegenstand der vorliegenden Erfindung ist, kann in dieser Variante dadurch erzielt werden, dass die Drähte zum einen sehr dünn und/oder zum anderen schlangenförmig ausgebildet sind. Ein in der Fahrzeugscheibenherstellung bekanntes Beispiel sind solche Drähte, die als Heizdrähte in Windschutzscheiben eingesetzt werden. Sie weisen üblicherweise eine Dicke von ungefähr 20 pm auf und sie sind in der Durchsicht praktisch nicht zu erkennen. Es können zudem mehrere Drähte für einen Strompfad und/oder Kommunikationspfad vorgesehen sein. Da die Drähte derart dünn ausgeführt sind, dass die Insassen sie optisch fast nicht erkennen können, können eine Vielzahl von Drähten sowohl als elektrische Verbindung, aber auch zur Kommunikation und Datenübertragung dienen, ohne viel Platz einzunehmen, so dass auf diese Weise eine Redundanz für die Stromleitung oder auch für die Datenübertragung ohne weitere optische Beeinträchtigung vorgesehen werden kann. Alternatively or cumulatively, the electrical connection can be made by conductive wires. The necessary transparency or the optically unobtrusive design, which is also the subject matter of the present invention, can be achieved in this variant in that the wires are on the one hand very thin and/or on the other hand designed in a serpentine manner. A well-known example in the manufacture of vehicle windows is such wires that are used as heating wires in windshields. They usually have a thickness of about 20 μm and they are practically undetectable by looking through them. In addition, multiple wires can be provided for a current path and/or communication path. Since the wires are so thin that the occupants can hardly see them visually, a large number of wires can be used not only as an electrical connection, but also for communication and data transmission without taking up much space, so that in this way there is redundancy for the Power line or for data transmission can be provided without further visual impairment.
Alternativ oder kumulativ kann die elektrische Verbindung durch einen aufgedruckten Strompfad zu einer Stromquelle hergestellt sein. Mittels Aufdruck insbesondere eines metallischen Materials hergestellte leitende Strukturen sind dem Fachmann im Bereich der Herstellung von Fahrzeugscheiben grundsätzlich bekannt und werden vielfältig eingesetzt, zum Beispiel als Sammelschienen, Heizleiter, Antennenstrukturen oder
Alarmschleifen. Beispielhafte Druckverfahren werden in der WO 2019/206592 A1 und den darin genannten Zitaten beschrieben. Im Sinne der vorliegenden Erfindung sollten insbesondere solche Druckverfahren zum Aufbringen eines aufgedruckten Strompfades ausgewählt werden, die eine vergleichsweise geringe Schichtdicke des leitenden Materials erzeugen. Als bevorzugtes leitendes Material, das in einer geringen Schichtdicke im Bereich von Mikrometern leicht aufgedruckt werden kann, kann Silber ausgewählt werden. Alternatively or cumulatively, the electrical connection can be established by a printed current path to a power source. Conductive structures produced by means of imprinting, in particular a metallic material, are known in principle to those skilled in the art of producing vehicle windows and are used in a variety of ways, for example as busbars, heating conductors, antenna structures or alarm loops. Exemplary printing methods are described in WO 2019/206592 A1 and the citations cited therein. In terms of the present invention, those printing methods should be selected in particular for applying a printed current path that produce a comparatively small layer thickness of the conductive material. Silver can be selected as the preferred conductive material, which can be easily printed in a small layer thickness in the range of microns.
Alternativ oder kumulativ kann die elektrische Verbindung durch eine Kabelverbindung zu einer Stromquelle hergestellt sein. Alternatively or cumulatively, the electrical connection can be made by a cable connection to a power source.
Da der Sensor gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung derart in der Verbundscheibe angeordnet ist, dass er in Einbaulage nach unten über die Außenseite der Innenscheibe in den Fahrzeuginnenraum ragt und auf diese Weise eine optimale Raumabdeckung ermöglicht, ist es in einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausgestaltung der Erfindung zweckmäßig, die Stromquelle in der Einbaulage der Verbundscheibe oberhalb des Sensors in die Verbundscheibe zu integrieren. Hierdurch wird kein zusätzlicher die Durchsicht störender Bauraum benötigt und daneben wird dadurch aufgrund der räumlichen Nähe nur eine sehr kurze Stromverbindung, die zudem sehr kostengünstig und effizient einzurichten ist, erfordert, beispielsweise eine Kabelverbindung. Since the sensor according to the present invention is arranged in the laminated pane in such a way that in the installed position it protrudes downwards over the outside of the inner pane into the vehicle interior and in this way enables optimum space coverage To integrate power source in the installation position of the laminated pane above the sensor in the laminated pane. As a result, no additional installation space is required that would interfere with the view, and due to the physical proximity, only a very short power connection is required, which can also be set up very cost-effectively and efficiently, for example a cable connection.
In einer möglichen und bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist die Stromquelle in die thermoplastische Zwischenschicht eingelegt und wird in der Verbundscheibe einlaminiert. Eine weitere Möglichkeit besteht darin, die Stromquelle über einen Klebstoff in einer entsprechenden Aussparung innerhalb der Verbundscheibe einzukleben. Geeignete Klebstoffe sind dem Fachmann hinlänglich bekannt, beispielsweise Klebstoffe aus der Gruppe der Polyurethanklebstoffe. Eine Verklebung der Stromquelle kann, je nachdem wie die Aussparung ausgestaltet ist, vor oder nach dem Laminiervorgang erfolgen. Wird die Stromquelle vor dem Laminiervorgang eingeklebt, so findet zusätzlich auch eine Einbindung der Stromquelle über die thermoplastische Zwischenschicht statt. Die haftvermittelnde Schicht kann zusätzlich auch der elektrischen Anbindung der
Stromquelle zum Sensor dienen, wobei elektrisch leitfähige Klebstoffe verwendet werden. In a possible and preferred embodiment, the power source is inserted into the thermoplastic intermediate layer and is laminated into the laminated pane. Another option is to glue the power source into a corresponding recess within the laminated pane using an adhesive. Suitable adhesives are well known to those skilled in the art, for example adhesives from the group of polyurethane adhesives. Depending on how the recess is configured, the power source can be glued before or after the lamination process. If the power source is glued in before the lamination process, the power source is also integrated via the thermoplastic intermediate layer. The adhesion-promoting layer can also the electrical connection of the Serve power source to the sensor, using electrically conductive adhesives.
Die Stromquelle, welche über dem Sensor in der Verbundscheibe vorgesehen wird, ist in einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform eine Photovoltaikeinrichtung und/oder eine Batterie. In a preferred embodiment, the power source, which is provided above the sensor in the laminated pane, is a photovoltaic device and/or a battery.
Da Sensoren üblicherweise, je nach Typ, einen eher geringen Strombedarf haben, kann es ausreichend sein, ein auf die Sensorfläche begrenztes oder nur geringfügig größeres Photovoltaik-Panel vorzusehen. Ebenso sind bei einem größeren Strombedarf sehr leistungsfähige Batterien, beispielsweise Nickelmetall-Batterien oder Lithium-Batterien, verfügbar, deren flächenmäßige Ausdehnung ebenfalls nicht oder nur geringfügig größer ist als die Flächenausdehnung des Sensors bei vergleichsweise geringer Dicke. Es kann gleichermaßen als Stromquelle eine Kombination aus beiden vorgesehen sein. Vorteilhafterweise wird in dieser Ausführungsform keine nach außen zum Scheibenrand geführte elektrische Verbindung benötigt. Auch die kommunikative Verbindung zu einer Steuerung und/oder einer Alarmausgabeeinrichtung kann optisch unauffällig gestaltet sein, beispielsweise durch eine durchsichtige Glasfaser-Verbindung oder durch eine kabellose Datenübertragung (WLAN, Funk, bluetooth®, etc.) vom Sensor zu den Verarbeitungseinrichtungen. Since sensors usually have a rather low power requirement, depending on the type, it can be sufficient to provide a photovoltaic panel that is limited to the sensor surface or only slightly larger. Likewise, when there is a greater power requirement, very powerful batteries, for example nickel metal batteries or lithium batteries, are available, the surface area of which is also not or only slightly larger than the surface area of the sensor with a comparatively small thickness. A combination of both can equally be provided as the current source. Advantageously, in this embodiment, no electrical connection leading outwards to the edge of the pane is required. The communicative connection to a controller and/or an alarm output device can also be designed to be optically unobtrusive, for example through a transparent glass fiber connection or through wireless data transmission (WLAN, radio, bluetooth®, etc.) from the sensor to the processing devices.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist der Sensor ein Radarsensor, ein Lidar-Sensor, ein Hochfrequenzsensor, ein Lichtsensor, eine Kamera oder eine Kombination daraus. Der Sensor wird je nach der gewünschten sicherheitsrelevanten Information ausgewählt. Bevorzugt können auch mehrere sicherheitsrelevante Informationen oder Informationen zum Wohlbefinden der Insassen gleichzeitig mit dem Sensor erfasst werden. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the sensor is a radar sensor, a lidar sensor, a high-frequency sensor, a light sensor, a camera, or a combination thereof. The sensor is selected depending on the desired security-related information. A plurality of safety-relevant information or information on the well-being of the occupants can preferably also be recorded simultaneously with the sensor.
Die Integration mindestens eines Radarsensors in eine erfindungsgemäße Verbundscheibe ermöglicht vorteilhafterweise eine zuverlässige Überwachung des Fahrzeuginnenraums beziehungsweise von Personen und/oder Tieren im
Fahrzeuginnenraum bereitzustellen. Vorteilhafterweise ist der Radarsensor beziehungsweise die Ermittlung der Radardaten auch bei Dunkelheit oder großer Sonneneinstrahlung und Hitze zuverlässig möglich. Zusätzlich können auch mit Textilien überdeckte Personen und Tiere und deren Bewegungen problemlos erfasst und überwacht werden. Der Radarsensor ist in die thermoplastische Zwischenschicht integriert und so durch diese eingekapselt, befestigt und vor Umwelteinflüssen geschützt. Vorteilhafterweise können die Radarsignale Glas und Kunststoffe durchdringen und sind auch unempfindlich gegenüber Vibrationen. Die Auswertung der aufgenommenen Daten erfolgt dann durch die mit dem Radarsensor verbundene Auswerteeinheit. Die Radarsensoren basieren statt auf teurer Kameratechnik auf Funkwellentechnologie, um den Innenraum eines Fahrzeugs zu überwachen. Sogenannte "4D Imaging-Sensoren" erkennen mittels Radar zum Beispiel ein im Fahrzeug zurückgelassenes Kind und registrieren dabei, ob die Atmung regelmäßig und gleichmäßig erfolgt. Das funktioniert auch, wenn das Kind zugedeckt ist oder sich in einem Kindersitz befindet. Bemerken die Sensoren, dass die Atmung schneller geht und eine Gefahr für das Leben des Kindes bestehen könnte, warnt es den Fahrer. Reagiert dieser nicht, ist es denkbar, dass System von sich aus einen Notruf an eine Rettungsstelle absetzt oder die Klimaanlage einschaltet und die Fenster herunterfährt. Das Sensor-System benötigt weniger Sensoren mit damit weniger Verkabelung als kameragestützte Systeme und generiert auch keine Bilder, die möglicherweise die Privatsphäre der Fahrzeuginsassen verletzen könnten. The integration of at least one radar sensor in a laminated pane according to the invention advantageously enables reliable monitoring of the vehicle interior or of people and/or animals in it provide vehicle interior. Advantageously, the radar sensor or the determination of the radar data is also possible reliably in the dark or in strong sunlight and heat. In addition, people and animals covered with textiles and their movements can be easily recorded and monitored. The radar sensor is integrated into the thermoplastic intermediate layer and is thus encapsulated, fixed and protected from environmental influences. Advantageously, the radar signals can penetrate glass and plastics and are also insensitive to vibration. The data recorded is then evaluated by the evaluation unit connected to the radar sensor. Instead of expensive camera technology, the radar sensors are based on radio wave technology to monitor the interior of a vehicle. So-called "4D imaging sensors" use radar to detect a child left behind in the vehicle, for example, and register whether the child is breathing regularly and evenly. This also works when the child is covered or in a child seat. If the sensors notice that the child is breathing faster and that the life of the child could be in danger, it warns the driver. If this does not react, it is conceivable that the system will make an emergency call to a rescue center or switch on the air conditioning and roll down the windows. The sensor system requires fewer sensors and therefore less cabling than camera-based systems and also does not generate any images that could possibly violate the privacy of the vehicle occupants.
Kameras als Sensoren in einer erfindungsgemäßen Verbundscheibe können eine Vielzahl von sicherheitsrelevanten Informationen über Zustände desCameras as sensors in a composite pane according to the invention can collect a large number of safety-related information about the states of the
Fahrzeuginnenraums und der Insassen erzeugen. Beispielsweise kann das Angelegtsein- bzw. das Angelegtbleiben von Sicherheitsgurten, die Belegung der Sitzplätze, ein Schwindel oder eine Bewusstlosigkeit des Fahrers, eine festgelegte Steuerungsgeste der Insassen, ein gefährliches Verschieben der Ladung und ähnliche Informationen detektiert werden. Ein spezielles Beispiel für einen Kamerasensor ist eine 3D-lnnenraumkamera. Die 3D-lnnenraumkamera scannt die Passagiere, registriert ständig deren Größe, Sitzposition, Körperhaltung und Blickrichtung. DaVehicle interior and the occupants generate. For example, the wearing or not wearing of seat belts, the occupancy of the seats, dizziness or unconsciousness of the driver, a fixed control gesture of the occupants, dangerous shifting of the load and similar information can be detected. A specific example of a camera sensor is a 3D indoor camera. The 3D interior camera scans the passengers, constantly registering their size, seating position, posture and line of sight. There
Sicherheitssysteme wie Airbag oder Gurtstraffer stets von einer idealen Position der Insassen ausgehen, birgt menschliche Lässigkeit Gefahren. Sitzen sie zum Beispiel auf einer Langstreckenfahrt zu schräg oder lassen sich im Sitz zu weit nach vorne gleiten,
können die für einen Notfall programmierten Systeme, wie eben der Airbag, nicht mehr ihre volle Wirkung entfalten. Die mittels der Innenkamera gesammelten Informationen sollen jetzt bei einer Gefahrensituation mit drohendem Aufprall die bordeigenen Systeme so einstellen, dass auch bei einer nicht optimalen Sitzhaltung bestmöglicher Schutz gewährleistet ist. Zudem erkennt die 3D-Kamera zum Beispiel, ob der Fahrer beide Hände am Lenkrad hat, ob er das Fahrzeug aktiv steuert oder sein Blick auch bei aktiven Assistenzsystemen auf die Straße gerichtet ist. Wenn er gefährlich lange einfach wegschaut, kann eine Warnung ausgelöst und Aufmerksamkeit eingefordert werden. Je nach Größe des Fahrzeugs beobachtet eine weitere Kamera auch die zweite Sitzreihe und erkennt sorgloses Verhalten zum Beispiel der mitreisenden Kinder. Safety systems such as airbags or belt tensioners always assume that the occupants are in an ideal position, human laxity harbors dangers. For example, if you sit too slanted on a long-distance journey or let the seat slide too far forward, the systems programmed for an emergency, such as the airbag, can no longer develop their full effect. In the event of a dangerous situation with an imminent collision, the information collected by the interior camera should adjust the on-board systems in such a way that the best possible protection is guaranteed even if the sitting position is not optimal. The 3D camera also recognizes, for example, whether the driver has both hands on the steering wheel, whether he is actively steering the vehicle or is looking at the road even with active assistance systems. If he simply looks away for a dangerously long time, a warning can be triggered and attention can be demanded. Depending on the size of the vehicle, another camera also monitors the second row of seats and detects careless behavior, for example by children traveling with you.
Ultraschallsensoren als Sensoren in einer erfindungsgemäßen Verbundscheibe können Bewegungen detektieren und beispielsweise als Diebstahlsensoren verwendet werden, wenn das Fahrzeug abgestellt ist. Ultrasonic sensors as sensors in a laminated pane according to the invention can detect movements and can be used, for example, as anti-theft sensors when the vehicle is parked.
In einer bevorzugten Ausgestaltung der erfindungsgemäßen Verbundscheibe erzeugt der Sensor mehrere sicherheitsrelevante Informationen über Zustände im Innenraum des Fahrzeugs, insbesondere gleichzeitig. In a preferred embodiment of the laminated pane according to the invention, the sensor generates a plurality of safety-relevant information about conditions in the interior of the vehicle, in particular simultaneously.
Wie vorstehend ausgeführt, ist ein Sensor oder eine Kombination von Sensoren vorteilhafterweise in der Lage, verschiedene sicherheitsrelevante Informationen über Zustände im Innenraum des Fahrzeugs gleichzeitig oder nacheinander zu ermitteln. Hierdurch wird der Aufwand für die Montage verringert, gleichzeitig der Informationsnutzen aber erhöht. As explained above, a sensor or a combination of sensors is advantageously able to determine different safety-relevant information about conditions in the interior of the vehicle simultaneously or one after the other. This reduces the effort required for assembly, but at the same time increases the usefulness of the information.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung dient die elektrische Verbindung auch zur Informationsübertragung, insbesondere Datenübertragung, und zur Kommunikation mit einer Steuerung oder mit der Alarmausgabeeinrichtung. Die möglichen Ausgestaltungen der erfindungsgemäß vorgesehenen elektrischen Verbindung sind vorstehend bereits ausgeführt und es wird darauf verwiesen. Mit der gleichzeitigen Nutzung der Verbindung auch zur Informationsübertragung, insbesondere
zur Datenübertragung, und zur Kommunikation mit einer Auswerteeinrichtung, einer Steuerung oder mit der Alarmausgabeeinrichtung, wird vermieden, dass zusätzliche optisch störende Verbindungen vorgesehen werden müssen. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the electrical connection is also used for information transmission, in particular data transmission, and for communication with a controller or with the alarm output device. The possible configurations of the electrical connection provided according to the invention have already been explained above and reference is made thereto. With the simultaneous use of the connection also for information transmission, in particular for data transmission and for communication with an evaluation device, a controller or with the alarm output device, it is avoided that additional optically disruptive connections have to be provided.
Gleichermaßen bevorzugt kann die Informationsübertragung, insbesondere die Datenübertragung, und die Kommunikation mit einer Steuerung oder mit der Alarmausgabeeinrichtung aber auch kabellos erfolgen, beispielsweise über eine WLAN, bluetooth® oder Funkverbindung, oder kabelgebunden über eine Glasfaserverbindung. Hierdurch wird ebenfalls vermieden, dass eine optisch störende Verkabelung für die Informationsübertragung eingerichtet werden muss, wobei im Fall einer Glasfaserverbindung eine hohe Datenrate bei gleichzeitig transparenter Kabelverbindung erzielt werden kann. Equally preferably, the information transmission, in particular the data transmission, and the communication with a controller or with the alarm output device can also take place wirelessly, for example via a WLAN, Bluetooth® or radio connection, or wired via a fiber optic connection. This also avoids having to set up optically disruptive cabling for the transmission of information, with a high data rate being able to be achieved in the case of a fiber optic connection with a transparent cable connection at the same time.
Gemäß einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist hierbei die Glasfaserverbindung auf der Innenseite der Außenscheibe, auf der Innenseite der Innenscheibe oder auf der Außenseite der Innenscheibe angeordnet. According to a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the glass fiber connection is arranged on the inside of the outer pane, on the inside of the inner pane or on the outside of the inner pane.
Dies ermöglicht einen definierten und sicheren Ablauf in der Herstellung der erfindungsgemäßen Verbundscheibe, wobei zudem der Verlauf der Glasfaserbahnen entlang einer Innenseite der Außen- oder Innenscheibe oder entlang der Außenseite der Innenscheibe eine zusätzliche gute optische Kaschierung der Verbindung bietet, da durch die Oberflächen der Scheiben und den Grenzflächen zu der thermoplastischen Zwischenschicht jeweils zwangsläufig Reflexionsphänomene auftreten, die dem Betrachter in der Durchsicht nicht weiter auffallen bzw. an die der Betrachter bereits seit langer Zeit gewöhnt ist. This enables a defined and reliable process in the production of the composite pane according to the invention, with the course of the glass fiber webs along an inside of the outer or inner pane or along the outside of the inner pane also offering an additional good optical lamination of the connection, since the surfaces of the panes and Reflection phenomena inevitably occur at the boundary surfaces to the thermoplastic intermediate layer, which the viewer does not notice when looking through or to which the viewer has been accustomed for a long time.
Bei der Herstellung der Verbundscheibe können die Glasfaserbahnen beispielsweise auf der jeweiligen Scheibeninnenseite vor dem Laminieren mit der Zwischenschicht eingelegt werden oder sie können mit einem Haftvermittler auf der jeweiligen Scheibenseite fixiert werden. Geeignete Haftvermittler sind dem Fachmann hinlänglich bekannt, beispielsweise Klebstoffe aus der Gruppe der Polyurethanklebstoffe.
Die Erfindung wird anhand der Zeichnungen und von Ausführungsbeispielen näher erläutert. Die Zeichnungen sind jeweils eine schematische Darstellung und nicht maßstabsgetreu. Die Zeichnungen schränken die Erfindung in keiner Weise ein. Es zeigen: During the production of the composite pane, the fiberglass webs can be inserted, for example, on the inside of the respective pane before lamination with the intermediate layer, or they can be fixed on the respective side of the pane with an adhesion promoter. Suitable adhesion promoters are well known to those skilled in the art, for example adhesives from the group of polyurethane adhesives. The invention is explained in more detail with reference to the drawings and exemplary embodiments. The drawings are each a schematic representation and are not true to scale. The drawings do not limit the invention in any way. Show it:
Fig. 1 einen Querschnitt einer Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Verbundscheibe mit einer transparenten elektrischen Verbindung zur Stromübertragung, Fig. 2 einen Querschnitt einer weiteren erfindungsgemäßen Verbundscheibe mit einer transparenten elektrischen Verbindung zur Stromübertragung, 1 shows a cross section of an embodiment of the composite pane according to the invention with a transparent electrical connection for power transmission, FIG. 2 shows a cross section of another composite pane according to the invention with a transparent electrical connection for power transmission,
Fig. 3 einen Querschnitt einer weiteren erfindungsgemäßen Verbundscheibe mit einer transparenten elektrischen Verbindung zur Stromübertragung, 3 shows a cross section of another composite pane according to the invention with a transparent electrical connection for power transmission,
Fig. 4 einen Querschnitt einer weiteren erfindungsgemäßen Verbundscheibe mit einer transparenten elektrischen Verbindung zur Stromübertragung, 4 shows a cross section of another composite pane according to the invention with a transparent electrical connection for power transmission,
Fig. 5 eine weitere Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Verbundscheibe in einer Querschnittsansicht, 5 another embodiment of the laminated pane according to the invention in a cross-sectional view,
Fig. 6 eine weitere Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Verbundscheibe in einer Querschnittsansicht, Fig. 7 eine weitere Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Verbundscheibe in einer Querschnittsansicht, und
Fig. 8 eine weitere Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Verbundscheibe in einer Querschnittsansicht. 6 shows a further embodiment of the composite pane according to the invention in a cross-sectional view, FIG. 7 shows a further embodiment of the composite pane according to the invention in a cross-sectional view, and 8 shows a further embodiment of the composite pane according to the invention in a cross-sectional view.
Figur 1 zeigt in einer schematischen Querschnittsansicht eine erste beispielhafte Ausgestaltung der Erfindung. Die erfindungsgemäße Verbundscheibe 1 mit einem Sensor 2 umfasst mindestens eine Innenscheibe 3 und eine Außenscheibe 4, die über eine thermoplastische Zwischenschicht 5 miteinander laminiert sind. Die Verbundscheibe 1 ist eine Fahrzeugdachverbundscheibe mit dreidimensionaler Biegung. Die Innenscheibe 3 und die Außenscheibe 4 verfügen jeweils über eine Innenseite (II, III) und eine Außenseite (I, IV), die im Wesentlichen parallel zueinander verlaufen. Die thermoplastische Zwischenschicht 5 verbindet dabei die Innenseite der Innenscheibe III und die Innenseite der Außenscheibe II. FIG. 1 shows a first exemplary embodiment of the invention in a schematic cross-sectional view. The composite pane 1 according to the invention with a sensor 2 comprises at least one inner pane 3 and one outer pane 4 which are laminated to one another via a thermoplastic intermediate layer 5 . The composite pane 1 is a vehicle roof composite pane with a three-dimensional curvature. The inner pane 3 and the outer pane 4 each have an inside (II, III) and an outside (I, IV), which run essentially parallel to one another. The thermoplastic intermediate layer 5 connects the inside of the inner pane III and the inside of the outer pane II.
Die thermoplastische Zwischenschicht 5 enthält mindestens eine thermoplastische Folie und ist in einer vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung durch eine einzelne thermoplastische Folie ausgebildet. Das ist vorteilhaft hinsichtlich eines einfachen Aufbaus und einer geringen Gesamtdicke des Verbundglases. Die thermoplastische Zwischenschicht beziehungsweise die thermoplastische Folie enthält bevorzugt zumindest Polyvinylbutyral (PVB), Ethylenvinylacetat (EVA), Polyurethan (PU) oder Gemische oder Copolymere oder Derivate davon, die sich für Verbundgläser bewährt haben. The thermoplastic intermediate layer 5 contains at least one thermoplastic film and, in an advantageous embodiment, is formed by a single thermoplastic film. This is advantageous in terms of a simple structure and a small overall thickness of the laminated glass. The thermoplastic intermediate layer or the thermoplastic film preferably contains at least polyvinyl butyral (PVB), ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), polyurethane (PU) or mixtures or copolymers or derivatives thereof, which have proven useful for laminated glasses.
Die Dicke der thermoplastischen Zwischenschicht 5 beträgt bevorzugt von 0,2 mm bis 1 ,0 mm. Beispielsweise können thermoplastische Folien der Standarddicke von 0,76 mm verwendet werden. The thickness of the thermoplastic intermediate layer 5 is preferably from 0.2 mm to 1.0 mm. For example, thermoplastic films of the standard thickness of 0.76 mm can be used.
Die Außenscheibe 4, die Innenscheibe 3 und die thermoplastische Zwischenschicht 5 können klar und farblos, aber auch getönt oder gefärbt sein. Die Gesamttransmission durch das Verbundglas beträgt in einer bevorzugten Ausgestaltung größer 70%, insbesondere wenn das Verbundglas eine Windschutzscheibe ist. Der Begriff Gesamttransmission bezieht sich auf das durch ECE-R 43, Anhang 3, § 9.1 festgelegte Verfahren zur Prüfung der Lichtdurchlässigkeit von Kraftfahrzeugscheiben.
Das Verbundglas 1 ist bevorzugt in einer oder in mehreren Richtungen des Raumes gebogen, wie es für Kraftfahrzeugscheiben üblich ist, wobei typische Krümmungsradien im Bereich von etwa 10 cm bis etwa 40 m liegen. The outer pane 4, the inner pane 3 and the thermoplastic intermediate layer 5 can be clear and colorless, but also tinted or colored. In a preferred embodiment, the total transmission through the laminated glass is greater than 70%, in particular if the laminated glass is a windshield. The term total transmission refers to the procedure specified by ECE-R 43, Appendix 3, Section 9.1 for testing the light transmittance of motor vehicle windows. The laminated glass 1 is preferably curved in one or more spatial directions, as is customary for motor vehicle windows, with typical radii of curvature being in the range from about 10 cm to about 40 m.
Die Innenscheibe 3 und/oder die Außenscheibe 4 können thermisch oder chemisch vorgespannt, teilvorgespannt oder nicht vorgespannt sein. The inner pane 3 and/or the outer pane 4 can be thermally or chemically prestressed, partially prestressed or not prestressed.
In einer vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der erfindungsgemäßen Verbundscheibe 1 als Dachscheibe eines Kraftfahrzeugs ist die Außenscheibe 4 eine nicht vorgespannte Scheibe. Die Außenscheibe 4 kann Belastungen wie Steinschlag ausgesetzt sein. Trifft ein Stein, insbesondere ein kleiner, spitzer Stein auf eine Glasscheibe, so kann er deren Oberfläche durchdringen. Im Falle einer vorgespannten Scheibe kann der Stein so in die Zugspannungszone im Scheibeninneren eindringen, was zu einem Zerspringen der Scheibe führt. Eine nicht-vorgespannte Außenscheibe 4 weist eine breite Druckspannungszone und geringere Zugspannung im Inneren auf und ist dadurch weniger anfällig gegenüber dem Einschlag eines spitzen Körpers. Eine nicht vorgespannte Außenscheibe 4 ist daher insgesamt sehr vorteilhaft im Hinblick auf die Sicherheit der Fahrzeuginsassen. In an advantageous embodiment of the composite pane 1 according to the invention as a roof pane of a motor vehicle, the outer pane 4 is a non-prestressed pane. The outer pane 4 can be exposed to loads such as stone chipping. If a stone, especially a small, pointed stone, hits a pane of glass, it can penetrate the surface. In the case of a prestressed pane, the stone can thus penetrate into the zone of tensile stress inside the pane, which leads to the pane shattering. A non-prestressed outer pane 4 has a wide compressive stress zone and lower tensile stress on the inside and is therefore less susceptible to the impact of a sharp object. An outer pane 4 that is not prestressed is therefore very advantageous overall with regard to the safety of the vehicle occupants.
In einer bevorzugten Ausgestaltung der Erfindung enthält die Außenscheibe 4 Kalk- Natron-Glas oder Borsilikatglas, insbesondere Kalk-Natron-Glas. Kalk-Natron-Glas ist kostengünstig verfügbar und hat sich für Anwendungen im Fahrzeugbereich bewährt. Die Innenscheibe 3 kann grundsätzlich jede dem Fachmann bekannte chemische Zusammensetzung aufweisen. Die Innenscheibe 3 kann beispielweise Kalk-Natron-Glas oder Borsilikatglas enthalten oder aus diesen Gläsern bestehen.
In einer vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist die Innenscheibe 3 eine chemisch vorgespannte Scheibe. Durch die Vorspannung kann die Innenscheibe 3 mit einer besonderen Bruchstabilität und Kratzfestigkeit versehen werden. Für sehr dünne Glasscheiben ist das chemische Vorspannen dabei besser geeignet als das thermische Vorspannen. Da thermisches Vorspannen auf einer Temperaturdifferenz zwischen einer Oberflächenzone und einer Kernzone beruht, setzt thermisches Vorspannen eine Mindestdicke der Glasscheibe voraus. Hinreichende Spannungen können typischerweise mit handelsüblichen thermischen Vorspannvorrichtungen bei Glasdicken ab etwa 2,5 mm erreicht werden. Bei geringeren Glasdicken können in der Regel nicht die allgemein geforderten Werte für die Vorspannung erreicht werden (vgl. beispielsweise die ECE-Regelung 43). Beim chemischen Vorspannen wird durch lonenaustausch die chemische Zusammensetzung des Glases im Bereich der Oberfläche verändert, wobei der lonenaustausch durch Diffusion auf eine Oberflächenzone beschränkt ist. Chemisches Vorspannen ist daher besonders für dünne Scheiben geeignet. Für das chemische Vorspannen sind auch die Bezeichnungen chemisches Tempern, chemisches Härten oder chemisches Verfestigen gebräuchlich. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the outer pane 4 contains soda-lime glass or borosilicate glass, in particular soda-lime glass. Soda-lime glass is available at low cost and has a proven track record for automotive applications. In principle, the inner pane 3 can have any chemical composition known to the person skilled in the art. The inner pane 3 can contain, for example, soda-lime glass or borosilicate glass or consist of these glasses. In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the inner pane 3 is a chemically toughened pane. Due to the prestressing, the inner pane 3 can be provided with a special fracture stability and scratch resistance. Chemical toughening is more suitable for very thin glass panes than thermal toughening. Since thermal toughening is based on a temperature difference between a surface zone and a core zone, thermal toughening requires a minimum thickness of the glass pane. Sufficient stresses can typically be achieved with commercially available thermal tempering devices for glass thicknesses from around 2.5 mm. With lower glass thicknesses, the generally required values for toughening cannot usually be achieved (cf. ECE regulation 43, for example). During chemical toughening, the chemical composition of the glass in the surface area is changed by ion exchange, with the ion exchange being limited to a surface zone by diffusion. Chemical toughening is therefore particularly suitable for thin panes. The terms chemical tempering, chemical hardening or chemical strengthening are also commonly used for chemical toughening.
Sofern eine chemisch vorgespannte Glasscheibe 3 mit einer Aussparung versehen werden soll, so wird die Scheibe 3 zuerst mit der gewünschten Aussparung versehen und danach vorgespannt. Dies hat den Vorteil, dass die durch den Vorspannprozess erzeugte Spannungsverteilung nicht durch nachfolgende Bearbeitungen negativ beeinflusst wird. If a chemically toughened glass pane 3 is to be provided with a recess, the pane 3 is first provided with the desired recess and then toughened. This has the advantage that the stress distribution generated by the prestressing process is not negatively influenced by subsequent machining.
Im Automobilbereich ist sowohl die Stabilität und Bruchfestigkeit des Verbundglases als auch ein möglichst geringes Gewicht der Verglasung von enormer Wichtigkeit. Diesbezüglich konnte festgestellt werden, dass sich eine Asymmetrie der Außen- und der Innenscheibe im Hinblick auf ihre Dicke vorteilhaft auf die Stabilität der Verbundscheibe auswirkt. Dabei ist die Dicke der Außenscheibe 4 in der Regel wesentlich größer als die Dicke der Innenscheibe 3. Eine solche Dickenasymmetrie mit den einhergehenden Vorteilen kann auch bei der erfindungsgemäßen Verbundscheibe 1 mit Sensor 2 wünschenswert sein.
Das Verbundglas kann auch mit einer Zusatzfunktion versehen werden, indem die thermoplastische Zwischenschicht 5 funktionelle Einlagerungen aufweist, beispielsweise elektrooptische Funktionselemente (SPD = Suspended Particle Device, die beispielsweise aus EP 0876608 B1 und WO 2011033313 A1 bekannt sind oder PDLC = Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystal) und/oder Einlagerungen mit IR-absorbierenden, UV-absorbierenden, farbgebenden oder akustischen Eigenschaften. Die Einlagerungen sind beispielsweise organische oder anorganische Ionen, Verbindungen, Aggregate, Moleküle, Kristalle, Pigmente oder Farbstoffe. In the automotive sector, both the stability and breakage resistance of the laminated glass and the lowest possible weight of the glazing are of enormous importance. In this regard, it was found that an asymmetry of the outer and inner panes with regard to their thickness has an advantageous effect on the stability of the composite pane. The thickness of the outer pane 4 is generally significantly greater than the thickness of the inner pane 3. Such an asymmetry in thickness with the associated advantages can also be desirable for the composite pane 1 with sensor 2 according to the invention. The laminated glass can also be provided with an additional function in that the thermoplastic intermediate layer 5 has functional inclusions, for example electro-optical functional elements (SPD=Suspended Particle Device, which are known for example from EP 0876608 B1 and WO 2011033313 A1 or PDLC=Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystal) and /or deposits with IR-absorbing, UV-absorbing, coloring or acoustic properties. The inclusions are, for example, organic or inorganic ions, compounds, aggregates, molecules, crystals, pigments or dyes.
Insbesondere bei Verwendung der erfindungsgemäßen Verbundscheibe in Fahrzeugen, zum Beispiel als Dachscheibe, ist es vorteilhaft darüberhinausgehende Funktionen zu implementieren um die negativen Auswirkungen von Witterungseinflüssen wie starker Sonneneinstrahlung oder Eisbildung zu verringern. Dazu können beispielsweise sogenannte Low-E-Beschichtungen und/oder heizbare Beschichtungen auf der Innenseite der Innenscheibe oder der Außenscheibe aufgebracht sein. Geeignete Materialzusammensetzungen einer elektrisch heizbaren Beschichtung, die auch als Low-E-Beschichtung fungiert, sind beispielsweise WO 2013/104439 und WO 2013/104438 zu entnehmen. In particular when using the composite pane according to the invention in vehicles, for example as a roof pane, it is advantageous to implement additional functions in order to reduce the negative effects of weather influences such as strong solar radiation or ice formation. For this purpose, for example, so-called low-E coatings and/or heatable coatings can be applied to the inside of the inner pane or the outer pane. Suitable material compositions of an electrically heatable coating that also functions as a low-E coating can be found, for example, in WO 2013/104439 and WO 2013/104438.
In der gezeigten Ausführungsform der Erfindung gemäß Figur 1 ist in der Innenscheibe 3 eine Aussparung 6 vorgesehen, in die ein Sensor 2 positioniert ist. In the embodiment of the invention shown in FIG. 1, a recess 6 is provided in the inner pane 3, in which a sensor 2 is positioned.
Die erfindungsgemäße Verbundscheibe 1 ist eine Fahrzeugdachverbundscheibe mit einer bevorzugt im Laserverfahren oder mittels mechanischem Bohren erzeugten Aussparung 6 in der Innenscheibe 3 der Verbundscheibe 1. Eine mittels Laserverfahren erzeugte Aussparung 6 lässt sich in ihrer Oberflächenstruktur und Präzision von einer mittels mechanischen Verfahren erzeugten Öffnung unterscheiden. Eine derartige Aussparung 6 weist eine entsprechend hohe Präzision und geringe Fertigungstoleranz auf, so dass diese auch in dreidimensional gebogenen Scheiben geeignet ist, einen Sensor 2 fester Größe passgenau aufzunehmen, wobei der Sensor 2 zwar in die Aussparung 6 der Innenscheibe 3 eingesetzt ist, diese jedoch zum Innenraum des Fahrzeugs hin überragt.
Der Sensor 2 ist ein Radarsensor, ein Lidar-Sensor, ein Hochfrequenzsensor, ein Lichtsensor, eine Kamera oder eine Kombination daraus. Der Sensor 2 erzeugt gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung sicherheitsrelevante Informationen über Zustände im Innenraum des Fahrzeugs. Sicherheitsrelevante Informationen über Zustände im Innenraum des Fahrzeugs können sowohl personenbezogene Informationen beinhalten wie beispielsweise ein Schwindelzustand des Fahrers oder eine zu hohe Körpertemperatur der Insassen. Sie können gleichermaßen aber auch - entweder alternativ oder kumulativ - nicht personenbezogene Informationen über Zustände des Innenraums umfassen, wie beispielsweise Innenraumtemperaturen, Helligkeit und Lichtverhältnisse im Innenraum, CC>2-Konzentration, Angelegtsein von Sicherheitsgurten auf belegten Sitzplätzen, etc. The laminated pane 1 according to the invention is a laminated vehicle roof pane with a recess 6 in the inner pane 3 of the laminated pane 1, preferably produced using a laser process or by means of mechanical drilling. A recess 6 produced using a laser process can be distinguished from an opening produced using mechanical processes in terms of its surface structure and precision. Such a recess 6 has a correspondingly high level of precision and low manufacturing tolerances, so that it is also suitable in three-dimensionally curved panes to accommodate a sensor 2 of a fixed size with a precise fit, with the sensor 2 being inserted into the recess 6 of the inner pane 3, but this being the case protrudes towards the interior of the vehicle. The sensor 2 is a radar sensor, a lidar sensor, a high-frequency sensor, a light sensor, a camera or a combination thereof. According to the present invention, the sensor 2 generates safety-relevant information about conditions in the interior of the vehicle. Safety-relevant information about conditions in the interior of the vehicle can contain both personal information such as a dizzy state of the driver or an excessively high body temperature of the occupants. Equally, however, they can also - either alternatively or cumulatively - include non-personal information about conditions in the interior, such as interior temperatures, brightness and lighting conditions in the interior, CC>2 concentration, seat belts on occupied seats, etc.
Der Sensor 2 ist entweder direkt oder mittelbar, beispielsweise über eine Steuerung, mit einer Alarmausgabeeinrichtung (in der Figur nicht gezeigt) verbunden oder verbindbar. Beispiele für eine Alarmausgabeeinrichtung umfassen eine Hupe, optische und andere akustische Warnsignale, die sowohl in den Innenraum gerichtet sein können zur Warnung der Insassen als auch nach Außen zur Übermittlung eines Alarms an die Außenwelt wie Passanten oder andere Verkehrsteilnehmer. Gleichermaßen kann eine Alarmausgabeeinrichtung haptische Warnsignale umfassen, wie zum Beispiel ein Vibrieren des Lenkrads oder der Pedale, wie auch eine Manipulation des Fahrverhaltens des Fahrzeugs, wie zum Beispiel ein abgesicherter Modus, in dem das Fahrzeug am Straßenrand anhält. The sensor 2 is or can be connected either directly or indirectly, for example via a controller, to an alarm output device (not shown in the figure). Examples of an alarm output device include a horn, optical and other acoustic warning signals that can be directed both into the interior to warn the occupants and outside to transmit an alarm to the outside world such as passers-by or other road users. Likewise, an alarm output device may include haptic warning signals, such as vibrating the steering wheel or pedals, as well as manipulation of the vehicle's driving behavior, such as a safe mode in which the vehicle stops at the curb.
Der Sensor 2 ist gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung beabstandet von dem Rand der Verbundscheibe 1 positioniert. Die Beabstandung wird insbesondere derart gewählt, dass der Sensor 2 möglichst zentral bezogen auf den überdeckten Fahrzeuginnenraum platziert ist, um eine optimale Raumabdeckung und damit eine optimale Raumüberwachung zu erreichen.
Zu diesem Zweck und mit diesem Vorteil der besseren Raumabdeckung und optimalen Raumüberwachung ist der Sensor 2 darüber hinaus derart an der Verbundscheibe 1 positioniert, dass er die Außenseite IV der Innenscheibe 3 in den Fahrzeuginnenraum hinein überragt. According to the present invention, the sensor 2 is positioned at a distance from the edge of the laminated pane 1 . The spacing is selected in particular in such a way that the sensor 2 is placed as centrally as possible in relation to the covered vehicle interior in order to achieve optimal spatial coverage and thus optimal spatial monitoring. For this purpose and with this advantage of better space coverage and optimal space monitoring, the sensor 2 is also positioned on the laminated pane 1 in such a way that it protrudes beyond the outside IV of the inner pane 3 into the vehicle interior.
Der Überstand des Sensors 2 in den Innenraum hinein ist durch eine Abdeckung 9 optisch ansprechend gestaltet. Die Abdeckung 9 umfasst eine Durchgangsöffnung, durch die der Sensor Signale in den darunter befindlichen Innenraum aussenden und/oder aus dem Innenraum empfangen kann. Die Abdeckung 9 kann auch aus für die Sensorsignale transparentem Material gefertigt sein und ohne Durchgangsöffnung ausgeführt werden. Durch die Abdeckung 9 wird der Sensor vor mechanischen Einflüssen und vor Staub und Feuchtigkeit geschützt. The overhang of the sensor 2 into the interior is made visually appealing by a cover 9 . The cover 9 includes a through-opening through which the sensor can transmit signals into the interior space underneath and/or receive signals from the interior space. The cover 9 can also be made of material that is transparent to the sensor signals and can be designed without a through opening. The cover 9 protects the sensor from mechanical influences and from dust and moisture.
Zusätzlich ist der Sensor 2 gegen störende Sonneneinstrahlung durch einen Schwarzdruck 10 geschützt, welcher an der Innenfläche II der Außenscheibe 4 angebracht ist und in seiner Dimensionierung der Auflagefläche des Sensors entspricht bzw. leicht größer gewählt ist, um auch seitlich einfallende Lichteinstrahlung abzuhalten. Hierdurch wird ein störungsfreies Arbeiten des Sensors sichergestellt und zusätzlich wird der Sensor gegen UV-Licht-Alterung geschützt. In addition, the sensor 2 is protected against disturbing solar radiation by a black print 10, which is attached to the inner surface II of the outer pane 4 and corresponds in its dimensions to the contact surface of the sensor or is selected slightly larger in order to also keep out incident light from the side. This ensures trouble-free operation of the sensor and also protects the sensor against UV light aging.
Der Sensor 2 ist über eine elektrische Verbindung 7 mit einer Stromquelle (nicht dargestellt) verbunden oder verbindbar. Die elektrische Verbindung 7 ist in der gezeigten Ausgestaltung aus einem optisch unauffälligen Material gefertigt und bevorzugt transparent. Als transparent wird in diesem Zusammenhang eine elektrische Verbindung bezeichnet, die eine Transmission im sichtbaren Spektralbereich von größer oder gleich 20 % aufweist. Die elektrische Verbindung kann aber auch eine höhere Transmission aufweisen, beispielsweise größer oder gleich 35 %, oder größer gleich 50%, aufweisen. Da die erfindungsgemäße elektrische Verbindung insbesondere eine gleich hohe oder eine größere Transmission im sichtbaren Spektralbereich wie die übrigen Schichten bzw. wie die übrigen Bereiche der Verbundscheibe aufweist, können so Scheiben mit einer Transmission im sichtbaren Spektralbereich realisiert werden, die sich beispielsweise als Fahrzeugdachscheiben eignen. Die erfindungsgemäße Scheibe weist bevorzugt eine
Gesamttransmission von größer 35 %, größer 50% oder größer 70 % auf. Der Begriff Gesamttransmission bzw. Transmission bezieht sich auf das durch ECE-R 43, Anhang 3, § 9.1 festgelegte Verfahren zur Prüfung der Lichtdurchlässigkeit vonThe sensor 2 is or can be connected to a power source (not shown) via an electrical connection 7 . In the configuration shown, the electrical connection 7 is made from an optically inconspicuous material and is preferably transparent. In this context, an electrical connection is referred to as transparent if it has a transmission in the visible spectral range of greater than or equal to 20%. However, the electrical connection can also have a higher transmission, for example greater than or equal to 35%, or greater than or equal to 50%. Since the electrical connection according to the invention has the same or greater transmission in the visible spectral range than the other layers or the other areas of the laminated pane, panes with a transmission in the visible spectral range can be realized which are suitable, for example, as vehicle roof panes. The disc according to the invention preferably has a Total transmission greater than 35%, greater than 50% or greater than 70%. The term total transmission or transmission refers to the procedure for testing the light transmittance of ECE-R 43, Annex 3, Section 9.1
Kraftfahrzeugscheiben. motor vehicle windows.
In einer alternativen vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung ist die Verbundscheibe getönt oder gefärbt. Die Verbundscheibe kann dabei bevorzugt eine Transmission im sichtbaren Spektralbereich von kleiner 50 %, beispielsweise kleiner 20 %, auch im Bereich der elektrischen Verbindung aufweisen. Damit können Scheiben mit einer erfindungsgemäßen, transparenten elektrischen Verbindung des Sensors und mit einer verminderten Transmission im sichtbaren Spektralbereich realisiert werden. Solche getönten oder gefärbten Scheiben können beispielsweise aus ästhetischen oder thermischen Gründen erwünscht sein. In an alternative advantageous embodiment, the laminated pane is tinted or colored. The laminated pane can preferably have a transmission in the visible spectral range of less than 50%, for example less than 20%, also in the area of the electrical connection. In this way panes can be realized with a transparent electrical connection of the sensor according to the invention and with a reduced transmission in the visible spectral range. Such tinted or colored lenses may be desirable for aesthetic or thermal reasons, for example.
Beispielsweise ist die elektrische Verbindung 7 gebildet aus Strompfaden in einer elektrisch leitenden Schicht oder durch schlangenförmig ausgebildete leitende Drähte. Die Strompfade können zum Beispiel in eine sehr dünne Metallschicht eingebracht sein bzw. aus dieser gebildet sein. Bevorzugt sind die Strompfade durch Lasertechnik in einer vorhandenen Low-E-Schicht gebildet. Beispiele für Schichtaufbauten, die gleichermaßen über eine hohe elektrische Leitfähigkeit und eine infrarotreflektierende Wirkung verfügen, sind dem Fachmann aus WO 2013/104439 und WO 2013/104438 bekannt. Zur elektrischen Kontaktierung des Sensors an die elektrische Verbindung ist jedoch darüber hinaus jegliche elektrisch leitfähige Schicht geeignet. Dabei werden in die elektrisch leitfähige Schicht Strompfade eingebracht, über die zwei Spannungspole an dem erfindungsgemäßen Sensor angeschlossen werden. Methoden zur Strukturierung elektrisch leitfähiger Schichten sind dem Fachmann hinlänglich bekannt. Dazu gehören beispielsweise Ätzen oder Laserverfahren. Besonders bevorzugt werden die Strompfade durch Lasertrennlinien in der elektrisch leitfähigen Schicht erzeugt. In der gezeigten Ausführungsform dienen die Strompfade gleichermaßen zur Kommunikation und Datenübertragung mit einer Steuerung und/oder mit der Alarmausgabeeinrichtung (hier nicht gezeigt).
Alternativ oder kumulativ kann die elektrische Verbindung 7 durch leitende Drähte hergestellt sein. Die nötige Transparenz bzw. die optisch unauffällige Ausgestaltung, die Gegenstand der vorliegenden Erfindung ist, kann in dieser Variante dadurch erzielt werden, dass die Drähte zum einen sehr dünn und/oder zum anderen schlangenförmig ausgebildet sind. Ein in der Fahrzeugscheibenherstellung bekanntes Beispiel sind solche Drähte, die als Heizdrähte in Windschutzscheiben eingesetzt werden. Sie weisen üblicherweise eine Dicke von ungefähr 20 pm auf und sie sind in der Durchsicht praktisch nicht zu erkennen. Es können zudem mehrere Drähte für einen Strompfad und/oder Kommunikationspfad vorgesehen sein. Da die Drähte derart dünn ausgeführt sind, dass die Insassen sie optisch fast nicht erkennen können, können eine Vielzahl von Drähten sowohl als elektrische Verbindung, aber auch zur Kommunikation und Datenübertragung dienen, ohne viel Platz einzunehmen, so dass auf diese Weise eine Redundanz für die Stromleitung oder auch für die Datenübertragung ohne weitere optische Beeinträchtigung vorgesehen werden kann. For example, the electrical connection 7 is formed by current paths in an electrically conductive layer or by conductive wires designed in a serpentine manner. The current paths can, for example, be introduced into or formed from a very thin metal layer. The current paths are preferably formed by laser technology in an existing Low-E layer. Examples of layer structures that have both high electrical conductivity and an infrared-reflecting effect are known to the person skilled in the art from WO 2013/104439 and WO 2013/104438. However, any electrically conductive layer is also suitable for making electrical contact between the sensor and the electrical connection. In this case, current paths are introduced into the electrically conductive layer, via which two voltage poles are connected to the sensor according to the invention. Methods for structuring electrically conductive layers are well known to those skilled in the art. These include, for example, etching or laser processes. The current paths are particularly preferably generated by laser separating lines in the electrically conductive layer. In the embodiment shown, the current paths are used equally for communication and data transmission with a controller and/or with the alarm output device (not shown here). Alternatively or cumulatively, the electrical connection 7 can be established by conductive wires. The necessary transparency or the optically unobtrusive design, which is the subject matter of the present invention, can be achieved in this variant in that the wires are on the one hand very thin and/or on the other hand designed in a serpentine manner. A well-known example in the manufacture of vehicle windows is such wires that are used as heating wires in windshields. They usually have a thickness of about 20 μm and they are practically undetectable by looking through them. In addition, multiple wires can be provided for a current path and/or communication path. Since the wires are so thin that the occupants can hardly see them visually, a large number of wires can be used not only as an electrical connection, but also for communication and data transmission without taking up much space, so that in this way there is redundancy for the Power line or for data transmission can be provided without further visual impairment.
Figur 2 zeigt eine weitere Ausgestaltung der erfindungsgemäßen Verbundscheibe 1 in einer schematischen Querschnittsansicht. Der generelle Aufbau der Verbundscheibe 1 mit Sensor 2, Außenscheibe 4, Innenscheibe 3 und dazwischen laminierter Zwischenschicht 5 entspricht dem Aufbau wie in Figur 1 gezeigt, so dass im Folgenden nur auf die unterschiedlichen Ausführungen eingegangen wird. Im Unterschied zu der vorstehend beschriebenen Ausführungsform der Figur 1 ist der Sensor 2 an der Außenseite IV der Innenscheibe befestigt, beispielsweise durch Kleben. Der Sensor 2 wird zum Innenraum mit einer Abdeckung 9 verdeckt, wie vorstehend bereits beschrieben. In der Innenscheibe 3 ist eine Aussparung 6 im Bereich des Sensors 2, jedenfalls aber innerhalb des durch die Abdeckung 9 überdeckten Bereichs der Innenscheibe 3, in Form einer Durchgangsöffnung vorgesehen. Hierdurch ist eine elektrische Kontaktierung geführt, welche den Sensor 2 mit der elektrisch leitenden Verbindung 7 leitend verbindet. Die elektrisch leitende Verbindung 7 ist auf der Innenseite III der Innenscheibe vorgesehen und wird von oben von der Zwischenschicht 5 abgedeckt. Auf der Innenseite II der Außenscheibe 4 ist wiederum im Bereich des Sensors 2 ein schützender Schwarzdruck 10 aufgebracht. Die elektrisch leitende Verbindung 7 kann alternativ auch auf der Innenseite II der Außenscheibe 4 vorgesehen sein, dann würde die Kontaktierung zum Sensor 2 durch die Zwischenschicht 5 und das Durchgangsloch 6 geführt.
Figur 3 zeigt eine weitere Ausführungsform der Verbundscheibe 1 gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung. Die Verbundscheibe 1 umfasst eine Außenscheibe 4 mit einer Außenseite I und einer Innenseite II, eine Innenscheibe 3 mit einer Außenseite IV, die zum Fahrzeuginnenraum gerichtet ist, und einer Innenseite III und eine zwischen den beiden Scheibe 3 und 4 angeordneten Zwischenschicht 5. Der Sensor 2 ist in einer Aussparung 6 der Innenscheibe eingesetzt und überragt diese in den Innenraum des Fahrzeugs hinein. Zum Schutz und zur besseren Optik ist der Sensor 2 mit seinem in den Innenraum ragenden Abschnitt durch eine Abdeckung 9 überdeckt, die an der Außenseite IV der Innenscheibe 3 befestigt ist. Die Abdeckung 9 weist für den Strahlengang des Sensors 2 eine Öffnung auf. Der Sensor 2 ist mit seiner Oberseite an der Zwischenschicht 5 fixiert. Oberhalb des Sensors 2 ist eine Stromquelle 8 in die Zwischenschicht integriert. Die Stromquelle 8 kann beispielsweise eine Batterie und/oder eine Photovoltaikeinrichtung sein. Der Sensor 2 ist durch eine Kabelverbindung 7 elektrisch leitend mit der Stromquelle 8 verbunden. Durch die räumliche Nähe kann die Kabelverbindung derart kurz ausgeführt sein, dass sie optisch unauffällig ist und von der Abdeckung 9 für einen Fahrzeuginsassen mit abgedeckt ist. Die Datenübertragung von dem Sensor 2 zu einer Steuerung und/oder zu der Alarmausgabeeinrichtung (hier nicht gezeigt, da sie außerhalb der Verbundscheibe 1 angeordnet sind) kann in diesem Ausführungsbeispiel kabellos erfolgen, zum Beispiel über eine WLAN, bluetooth® oder Funkverbindung. Eine leitende Schicht 7 ist im Unterschied zu den vorherigen Ausführungsformen nicht vorgesehen. FIG. 2 shows a further embodiment of the laminated pane 1 according to the invention in a schematic cross-sectional view. The general structure of the laminated pane 1 with sensor 2, outer pane 4, inner pane 3 and intermediate layer 5 laminated in between corresponds to the structure as shown in FIG. 1, so that only the different versions are discussed below. In contrast to the embodiment of FIG. 1 described above, the sensor 2 is attached to the outside IV of the inner pane, for example by gluing. The sensor 2 is covered from the interior with a cover 9, as already described above. In the inner pane 3 there is a recess 6 in the area of the sensor 2, but in any case within the area of the inner pane 3 covered by the cover 9, in the form of a through opening. As a result, an electrical contact is made, which conductively connects the sensor 2 to the electrically conductive connection 7 . The electrically conductive connection 7 is provided on the inside III of the inner pane and is covered by the intermediate layer 5 from above. A protective black print 10 is again applied to the inside II of the outer pane 4 in the area of the sensor 2 . Alternatively, the electrically conductive connection 7 can also be provided on the inside II of the outer pane 4 , in which case the contact to the sensor 2 would be routed through the intermediate layer 5 and the through-hole 6 . FIG. 3 shows a further embodiment of the laminated pane 1 according to the present invention. The composite pane 1 comprises an outer pane 4 with an outer side I and an inner side II, an inner pane 3 with an outer side IV, which faces the vehicle interior, and an inner side III, and an intermediate layer 5 arranged between the two panes 3 and 4. The sensor 2 is inserted into a recess 6 of the inner pane and projects beyond this into the interior of the vehicle. For protection and better optics, the sensor 2 is covered with its protruding into the interior section by a cover 9, which is attached to the outside IV of the inner pane 3. The cover 9 has an opening for the beam path of the sensor 2 . The upper side of the sensor 2 is fixed to the intermediate layer 5 . A current source 8 is integrated in the intermediate layer above the sensor 2 . The power source 8 can be a battery and/or a photovoltaic device, for example. The sensor 2 is electrically conductively connected to the power source 8 by a cable connection 7 . Due to the spatial proximity, the cable connection can be made so short that it is visually unobtrusive and is also covered by the cover 9 for a vehicle occupant. The data transmission from the sensor 2 to a controller and/or to the alarm output device (not shown here since they are arranged outside the laminated pane 1) can take place wirelessly in this exemplary embodiment, for example via a WLAN, Bluetooth® or radio connection. In contrast to the previous embodiments, a conductive layer 7 is not provided.
An der Innenseite II der Außenscheibe 4 ist im Flächenbereich des Sensors und dessen Abdeckung ein Schwarzdruck 10 vorgesehen, der im Unterschied zu den vorherigen Ausführungsformen jedoch nur die Bereiche abdeckt, die außerhalb der darunter angeordneten Stromquelle 8 liegen. Auf diese Weise kann das Sonnenlicht auf die Photovoltaikeinrichtung einstrahlen, wobei der unterhalb der Stromquelle 8 angeordnete Sensor 2 dennoch vor der Sonneneinstrahlung geschützt ist. Dieser Einstrahlungsschutz ist auch im Fall der Verwendung einer Batterie als Stromquelle 8 gegeben. In diesem Fall kann der Schwarzdruck 10 auch die Batterie überdecken.
Figur 4 zeigt in einer schematischen Querschnittsansicht ein weiteres Beispiel für eine erfindungsgemäße Verbundscheibe 1 mit Sensor 2 zur Innenraumüberwachung des Fahrzeugs. Im Unterschied zu der vorgenannten Ausführungsform der Figur 3 ist der Sensor 2 nicht in einer Aussparung der Innenscheibe fixiert sondern an der Außenseite IV der Innenscheibe 3. Die elektrische Verbindung 7 ist beispielsweise als Kabelverbindung oder als Folienleiter ausgebildet und wird durch eine Durchgangsöffnung 6 der Innenscheibe 3 zu der Stromquelle 8 geführt. A black print 10 is provided on the inside II of the outer pane 4 in the surface area of the sensor and its cover, which, in contrast to the previous embodiments, however, only covers the areas that lie outside the power source 8 arranged underneath. In this way, the sunlight can radiate onto the photovoltaic device, with the sensor 2 arranged below the power source 8 still being protected from the solar radiation. This protection against radiation is also provided if a battery is used as the power source 8 . In this case, the black print 10 can also cover the battery. In a schematic cross-sectional view, FIG. 4 shows a further example of a laminated pane 1 according to the invention with a sensor 2 for monitoring the interior of the vehicle. In contrast to the aforementioned embodiment in Figure 3, the sensor 2 is not fixed in a recess in the inner pane but on the outside IV of the inner pane 3. The electrical connection 7 is designed, for example, as a cable connection or as a foil conductor and is passed through a through-opening 6 in the inner pane 3 led to the power source 8.
Figur 5 zeigt eine Ausführungsform der Erfindung ähnlich zu der Ausführungsform, die in Figur 4 gezeigt ist, in der die Verbundscheibe 1 einen an der Außenseite IV der Innenscheibe 3 fixierten Sensor 2 aufweist. Oberhalb des Sensors 2 ist in der Zwischenschicht 5 eine Stromquelle 8 angeordnet, die durch eine elektrische Verbindung 7 mit dem Sensor 2 leitend verbunden ist. Die elektrische Verbindung 7 ist durch eine Durchgangsöffnung 6 in der Innenscheibe zu dem Sensor 2 geführt und an diesen angeschlossen. Im Unterschied zu der Ausführungsform der Figur 4 wird in der gezeigten Ausführungsform die Datenübertragung des Sensors 2 zu einer Steuerung und/oder zu einer Alarmausgabeeinrichtung nicht kabellos sondern über eine Glasfaserverbindung 11 ermöglicht und realisiert. Die Glasfaserverbindung 11 ist transparent und wird vorliegend an der Innenseite III der Innenscheibe 3 entlang zum Rand der Verbundscheibe 1 geführt. Gegebenenfalls kann zum Niveauausgleich in den Bereichen der Zwischenschicht 5, die die Glasfaserverbindung 11 nicht abdecken, eine größere Dicke vorgesehen werden. Im Allgemeinen wird die Glasfaserverbindung 11 aber derart dünn ausgeführt, dass die thermoplastische Zwischenschicht 5 auch in üblicher Dicke ausgeführt werden kann und ohne Aussparungen mit den anderen beiden Scheiben bei eingelegter Glasfaserverbindung laminiert werden kann. FIG. 5 shows an embodiment of the invention similar to the embodiment shown in FIG. A current source 8 is arranged above the sensor 2 in the intermediate layer 5 and is conductively connected to the sensor 2 by an electrical connection 7 . The electrical connection 7 is routed through a through-opening 6 in the inner pane to the sensor 2 and connected to it. In contrast to the embodiment of FIG. 4, in the embodiment shown the data transmission of the sensor 2 to a controller and/or to an alarm output device is not made possible and implemented wirelessly but via a fiber optic connection 11 . The glass fiber connection 11 is transparent and in the present case is guided along the inside III of the inner pane 3 to the edge of the composite pane 1 . If necessary, a greater thickness can be provided for leveling out in the areas of the intermediate layer 5 that do not cover the glass fiber connection 11 . In general, however, the glass fiber connection 11 is made so thin that the thermoplastic intermediate layer 5 can also be made with the usual thickness and can be laminated without cutouts with the other two panes when the glass fiber connection is inserted.
Figur 6 zeigt eine Ausführungsform der Erfindung ähnlich zu der Ausführungsform, die in Figur 2 gezeigt ist, in der die Verbundscheibe 1 einen an der Außenseite IV der Innenscheibe 3 fixierten Sensor 2 aufweist. Die elektrische Verbindung 7 ist durch eine Durchgangsöffnung 6 in der Innenscheibe zu dem Sensor 2 geführt und an diesen angeschlossen. Im Unterschied zu der Ausführungsform der Figur 2 wird in der gezeigten Ausführungsform die Datenübertragung des Sensors 2 zu einer Steuerung und/oder zu einer Alarmausgabeeinrichtung nicht kabellos oder über die elektrische Verbindung 7
sondern über eine Glasfaserverbindung 11 ermöglicht und realisiert. Die Stromquelle zur Stromversorgung des Sensors 2 kann in dieser Ausgestaltung im Sensor 2 selbst vorgesehen sein. FIG. 6 shows an embodiment of the invention similar to the embodiment shown in FIG. The electrical connection 7 is routed through a through-opening 6 in the inner pane to the sensor 2 and connected to it. In contrast to the embodiment of Figure 2, in the embodiment shown the data transmission of the sensor 2 to a controller and/or to an alarm output device is not wireless or via the electrical connection 7 but made possible and realized via a fiber optic connection 11 . In this configuration, the power source for the power supply of the sensor 2 can be provided in the sensor 2 itself.
Figur 7 zeigt eine Ausführungsform der Erfindung ähnlich zu der Ausführungsform, die in Figur 1 gezeigt ist, in der die Verbundscheibe 1 einen in einer Aussparung 6 der Innenscheibe 3 fixierten Sensor 2 aufweist. Die elektrische Verbindung 7 ist ebenfalls durch die Aussparung 6 in der Innenscheibe 3 zu dem Sensor 2 geführt und an diesen angeschlossen. Im Unterschied zu der Ausführungsform der Figur 1 wird in der gezeigten Ausführungsform die Datenübertragung des Sensors 2 zu einer Steuerung und/oder zu einer Alarmausgabeeinrichtung nicht kabellos oder über die elektrische Verbindung 7 sondern über eine Glasfaserverbindung 11 ermöglicht und realisiert. Die Stromquelle zur Stromversorgung des Sensors 2 kann in dieser Ausgestaltung im Sensor 2 selbst vorgesehen sein. FIG. 7 shows an embodiment of the invention similar to the embodiment shown in FIG. The electrical connection 7 is also routed through the recess 6 in the inner pane 3 to the sensor 2 and connected to it. In contrast to the embodiment of FIG. 1, in the embodiment shown the data transmission of the sensor 2 to a controller and/or to an alarm output device is not enabled and implemented wirelessly or via the electrical connection 7 but via a fiber optic connection 11 . In this configuration, the power source for the power supply of the sensor 2 can be provided in the sensor 2 itself.
Figur 8 zeigt in einer schematischen Querschnittsansicht ein weiteres Beispiel für eine erfindungsgemäße Verbundscheibe 1 mit Sensor 2 zur Innenraumüberwachung des Fahrzeugs. Die Verbundscheibe 1 umfasst eine Außenscheibe 4 mit einer Außenseite I und einer Innenseite II und eine Innenscheibe 3 mit einer Außenseite IV und einer Innenseite III. Die beiden Scheiben 3 und 4 sind mit einer Zwischenschicht 5 aus einem thermoplastischen Material miteinander laminiert. An der Außenseite IV der Innenscheibe 3 ist eine elektrische Verbindung 7 vorgesehen, welche den Sensor 2 elektrisch leitend mit einer Steuerung und/oder einer Alarmeinrichtung außerhalb der Verbundscheibe 1 verbindet. Der Sensor 2 ist an der elektrischen Verbindung 7 nach unten in den Innenraum des Fahrzeugs orientiert angebracht und leitend mit der elektrischen Verbindung 7 kontaktiert. Die elektrisch leitende Verbindung 7 ist optisch unauffällig ausgestaltet und beispielsweise eine durch Strompfade in einer dünnen metallischen Beschichtung, durch einen Metalldruck, insbesondere durch einen Silberdruck. oder einer low-E-Beschichtung realisiert. Die dünne metallische Beschichtung kann zum Beispiel aus Kupfer oder Silber bestehen. Die Stromquelle kann in dieser Ausführungsform außerhalb der Verbundscheibe 1 vorgesehen sein. Sie kann aber auch in dem Sensor 2 integriert sein. Zum Innenraum hin ist der Sensor 2 durch eine Abdeckung 9 optisch gefällig abgedeckt, welche eine Aussparung aufweist, durch
die der Strahlengang des Sensors geführt ist. An der Innenseite II der Außenscheibe 4 ist im Flächenbereich des Sensors 2 und der Abdeckung 9 ein Schwarzdruck 10 vorgesehen, der den Sensor von Sonneneinstrahlung schützt.
In a schematic cross-sectional view, FIG. 8 shows a further example of a laminated pane 1 according to the invention with a sensor 2 for monitoring the interior of the vehicle. The laminated pane 1 comprises an outer pane 4 with an outside I and an inside II and an inner pane 3 with an outside IV and an inside III. The two disks 3 and 4 are laminated together with an intermediate layer 5 made of a thermoplastic material. An electrical connection 7 is provided on the outside IV of the inner pane 3 , which electrically conductively connects the sensor 2 to a controller and/or an alarm device outside of the composite pane 1 . The sensor 2 is attached to the electrical connection 7 oriented downward into the interior of the vehicle and makes conductive contact with the electrical connection 7 . The electrically conductive connection 7 is designed to be optically unobtrusive and, for example, through current paths in a thin metallic coating, through a metal print, in particular through a silver print. or a low-E coating. The thin metallic coating can consist of copper or silver, for example. In this embodiment, the power source can be provided outside of the laminated pane 1 . However, it can also be integrated in the sensor 2 . Toward the interior, the sensor 2 is optically pleasingly covered by a cover 9, which has a recess through which the beam path of the sensor is guided. A black print 10 is provided on the inside II of the outer pane 4 in the surface area of the sensor 2 and the cover 9, which protects the sensor from solar radiation.
Bezugszeichenliste Reference List
1 Verbundscheibe 1 composite pane
2 Sensor 2 sensors
3 Innenscheibe 4 Außenscheibe 3 inner pane 4 outer pane
5 Zwischenschicht 5 intermediate layer
6 Aussparung 6 recess
7 elektrische Verbindung7 electrical connection
8 Stromquelle 9 Abdeckung 8 power source 9 cover
10 Schwarzdruck 10 black print
11 Glasfaserverbindung
11 fiber optic connection
Claims
1. Verbundscheibe (1) zur Verwendung als Fahrzeugdachscheibe mit mindestens einem Sensor (2), mindestens umfassend 1. Composite pane (1) for use as a vehicle roof pane with at least one sensor (2), at least comprising
- eine Innenscheibe (3) mit einer Innenseite (III) und einer Außenseite (IV),- an inner pane (3) with an inside (III) and an outside (IV),
- eine Außenscheibe (4) mit einer Innenseite (II) und einer Außenseite (I),- an outer pane (4) with an inside (II) and an outside (I),
- eine thermoplastische Zwischenschicht (5), die die Innenseite (II) der Außenscheibe (4) und die Innenseite der (III) der Innenscheibe (3) miteinander verbindet, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Sensor (2) sicherheitsrelevante Informationen über Zustände im Innenraum des Fahrzeugs erzeugt und mit mindestens einer Alarmausgabeeinrichtung verbunden ist, wobei der Sensor (2) beabstandet von dem Rand der Verbundscheibe derart an der Verbundscheibe (1) positioniert ist, dass er die Außenseite (IV) der Innenscheibe (3) in den Fahrzeuginnenraum hinein überragt, und wobei der Sensor (2) über eine elektrische Verbindung (7) mit einer Stromquelle (8) verbunden ist, wobei die elektrische Verbindung (7) optisch unauffällig ausgebildet ist. - a thermoplastic intermediate layer (5), which connects the inside (II) of the outer pane (4) and the inside (III) of the inner pane (3), characterized in that the sensor (2) transmits safety-relevant information about conditions in the interior of the vehicle and is connected to at least one alarm output device, the sensor (2) being positioned on the composite pane (1) at a distance from the edge of the composite pane in such a way that it protrudes beyond the outside (IV) of the inner pane (3) into the vehicle interior, and wherein the sensor (2) is connected to a power source (8) via an electrical connection (7), the electrical connection (7) being designed to be optically unobtrusive.
2. Verbundscheibe (1) nach Anspruch 1 , wobei die Verbundscheibe mindestens eine Aussparung (6) der Innenscheibe (3) umfasst und wobei mindestens die elektrische Verbindung (7) durch die Aussparung (6) der Innenscheibe (3) zu dem Sensor (2) geführt ist. 2. Composite pane (1) according to claim 1, wherein the composite pane comprises at least one recess (6) of the inner pane (3) and wherein at least the electrical connection (7) through the recess (6) of the inner pane (3) to the sensor (2 ) is led.
3. Verbundscheibe (1) nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, wobei die elektrische Verbindung (7) durch Strompfade in einer elektrisch leitenden Schicht, durch leitende Drähte, durch einen aufgedruckten Strompfad oder durch eine Kabelverbindung zu einer Stromquelle (8) ausgebildet ist. 3. Laminated pane (1) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the electrical connection (7) is formed by current paths in an electrically conductive layer, by conductive wires, by a printed current path or by a cable connection to a power source (8).
4. Verbundscheibe (1) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei die elektrische Verbindung (7) auf der Innenseite der Außenscheibe (II), auf der Innenseite der Innenscheibe (III) oder auf der Außenseite der Innenscheibe (IV) angeordnet ist. 4. Laminated pane (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the electrical connection (7) is arranged on the inside of the outer pane (II), on the inside of the inner pane (III) or on the outside of the inner pane (IV).
5. Verbundscheibe (1) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei die Stromquelle (8) eine Photovoltaikeinrichtung und/oder eine Batterie ist.
5. Laminated pane (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the power source (8) is a photovoltaic device and/or a battery.
6. Verbundscheibe (1) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei die Stromquelle (8) in der Einbaulage der Verbundscheibe (1) oberhalb des Sensors (2) angeordnet ist. 6. Composite pane (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the power source (8) is arranged in the installed position of the composite pane (1) above the sensor (2).
7. Verbundscheibe (1) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei die Stromquelle (8) innerhalb der thermoplastischen Zwischenschicht (5) angeordnet ist. 7. Laminated pane (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the power source (8) is arranged within the thermoplastic intermediate layer (5).
8. Verbundscheibe (1) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei der Sensor (2) ein Radarsensor, ein Lidar-Sensor, ein Hochfrequenzsensor, ein Lichtsensor, eine Kamera oder eine Kombination daraus ist. 8. Laminated pane (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the sensor (2) is a radar sensor, a lidar sensor, a high-frequency sensor, a light sensor, a camera or a combination thereof.
9. Verbundscheibe (1) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei die elektrische Verbindung (7) auch zur Informationsübertragung, insbesondere Datenübertragung, und zur Kommunikation mit einer Steuerung oder mit der Alarmausgabeeinrichtung dient. 9. Laminated pane (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the electrical connection (7) is also used for information transmission, in particular data transmission, and for communication with a controller or with the alarm output device.
10. Verbundscheibe (1) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche 1 bis 8, wobei zur Informationsübertragung und zur Kommunikation des Sensors (2) mit einer Steuerung oder mit der Alarmausgabeeinrichtung eine kabellose Verbindung oder eine Glasfaserverbindung (11) dient. 10. Laminated pane (1) according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 8, wherein a wireless connection or a fiber optic connection (11) is used for information transmission and for communication of the sensor (2) with a controller or with the alarm output device.
11. Verbundscheibe nach Anspruch 10, wobei die Glasfaserverbindung (11) auf der Innenseite der Außenscheibe (II), auf der Innenseite der Innenscheibe (III) oder auf der Außenseite der Innenscheibe (IV) angeordnet ist. 11. Laminated pane according to claim 10, wherein the glass fiber connection (11) is arranged on the inside of the outer pane (II), on the inside of the inner pane (III) or on the outside of the inner pane (IV).
12. Verbundscheibe (1) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei die elektrische Verbindung (7) aus einer aufgedruckten Metallschicht, insbesondere aus einer aufgedruckten Silberschicht, gebildet ist. 12. Laminated pane (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the electrical connection (7) is formed from a printed metal layer, in particular from a printed silver layer.
13. Verwendung einer Verbundscheibe (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 12 als Fahrzeugdachscheibe.
13. Use of a composite pane (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 12 as a vehicle roof pane.
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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CN202280001097.0A CN115461218A (en) | 2021-03-17 | 2022-03-09 | Composite panel for a vehicle sunroof with a safety sensor for monitoring the interior space |
EP22710623.4A EP4308378A1 (en) | 2021-03-17 | 2022-03-09 | Laminated pane for a vehicle roof with safety sensor for interior monitoring |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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EP21163119.7 | 2021-03-17 | ||
EP21163119 | 2021-03-17 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2022194646A1 true WO2022194646A1 (en) | 2022-09-22 |
Family
ID=74947151
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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PCT/EP2022/056071 WO2022194646A1 (en) | 2021-03-17 | 2022-03-09 | Laminated pane for a vehicle roof with safety sensor for interior monitoring |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP4308378A1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN115461218A (en) |
WO (1) | WO2022194646A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20220255493A1 (en) * | 2021-02-11 | 2022-08-11 | Inalfa Roof Systems Group B.V. | Transparent roof panel having an isolated center unit |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0876608B1 (en) | 1995-11-27 | 2002-04-17 | Fuhr, Günter | Process and device for generating resonance phenomena in particle suspensions |
WO2011033313A1 (en) | 2009-09-18 | 2011-03-24 | Pilkington Group Limited | Laminated glazing |
WO2013104438A1 (en) | 2012-01-10 | 2013-07-18 | Saint-Gobain Glass France | Transparent panel with electrically conductive coating |
WO2013104439A1 (en) | 2012-01-10 | 2013-07-18 | Saint-Gobain Glass France | Transparent pane with electrically conductive coating |
WO2019206592A1 (en) | 2018-04-25 | 2019-10-31 | Saint-Gobain Glass France | Method for printing a structured silver coating having improved current-carrying capacity |
DE202020106458U1 (en) * | 2020-11-11 | 2020-12-02 | Saint-Gobain Sekurit Deutschland Gmbh & Co. Kg | Radar sensor system for vehicle interior monitoring |
-
2022
- 2022-03-09 WO PCT/EP2022/056071 patent/WO2022194646A1/en active Application Filing
- 2022-03-09 CN CN202280001097.0A patent/CN115461218A/en active Pending
- 2022-03-09 EP EP22710623.4A patent/EP4308378A1/en active Pending
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0876608B1 (en) | 1995-11-27 | 2002-04-17 | Fuhr, Günter | Process and device for generating resonance phenomena in particle suspensions |
WO2011033313A1 (en) | 2009-09-18 | 2011-03-24 | Pilkington Group Limited | Laminated glazing |
WO2013104438A1 (en) | 2012-01-10 | 2013-07-18 | Saint-Gobain Glass France | Transparent panel with electrically conductive coating |
WO2013104439A1 (en) | 2012-01-10 | 2013-07-18 | Saint-Gobain Glass France | Transparent pane with electrically conductive coating |
WO2019206592A1 (en) | 2018-04-25 | 2019-10-31 | Saint-Gobain Glass France | Method for printing a structured silver coating having improved current-carrying capacity |
DE202020106458U1 (en) * | 2020-11-11 | 2020-12-02 | Saint-Gobain Sekurit Deutschland Gmbh & Co. Kg | Radar sensor system for vehicle interior monitoring |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20220255493A1 (en) * | 2021-02-11 | 2022-08-11 | Inalfa Roof Systems Group B.V. | Transparent roof panel having an isolated center unit |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP4308378A1 (en) | 2024-01-24 |
CN115461218A (en) | 2022-12-09 |
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