WO2022179883A1

WO2022179883A1 - Method for determining the resin penetration in wood by means of near infrared spectroscopy

Info

Publication number: WO2022179883A1
Application number: PCT/EP2022/053620
Authority: WO
Inventors: Joachim Hasch; Norbert Kalwa; Jinming Zhang
Original assignee: Flooring Technologies Ltd.
Priority date: 2021-02-24
Filing date: 2022-02-15
Publication date: 2022-09-01
Also published as: EP4298427A1; EP4050325B1; US20240125696A1; PL4050325T3; CN117043579A; EP4050325C0; EP4050325A1; ES2950864T3

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for determining the resin penetration into at least one porous coating material which is pressed with at least one support panel and at least one resin layer arranged on the support panel, the resin penetrating or rising into the at least one porous coating material during the pressing process, comprising the steps of recording at least one NIR spectrum of a plurality of reference samples, each having different values for the resin penetration into a porous coating material, using at least one NIR measuring head in a wavelength range of between 500 nm and 2500 nm, preferably between 700 nm and 2000 nm, more particularly preferably between 900 nm and 1700 nm, and particularly advantageously between 1450 nm and 1550 nm; determining the resin penetration into the porous coating material of said reference samples by means of mechanical ablation of the coating surface; assigning the resin penetration determined by means of mechanical ablation to the recorded NIR spectra of said reference samples; and creating a calibration model for the relationship between the spectral data of the NIR spectra and the associated resin penetrations of the reference samples by means of a multivariate data analysis; pressing at least one porous coating material with at least one support panel and at least one resin layer arranged on the support panel, recording at least one NIR spectrum of the porous coating material pressed with the support panel and the resin layer using the at least one NIR measuring head in a wavelength range of between 500 nm and 2500 nm, preferably between 700 nm and 2000 nm, more particularly preferably between 900 nm and 1700 nm, and particularly advantageously between 1450 nm and 1550 nm; and determining the resin penetration into the at least one porous coating material by comparing the NIR spectrum recorded for the porous coating material with the calibration model created.

Description

PROCEDURE FOR DETERMINING RESIN PENETRATION IN WOOD BY NEAR-INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY

The present invention relates to a method for determining the resin penetration into at least one porous coating material, which is pressed with at least one carrier plate and at least one resin layer arranged on the carrier plate, with the resin penetrating or rising into the at least one porous coating material during the pressing process.

description

Floor coverings are increasingly provided with different coating materials such as leather, felt or real wood in order to meet increased customer requirements.

Various technologies are used in the production of floor coverings with a real wood surface. One approach consists of gluing relatively thick real wood veneers up to a thickness of several millimeters onto layers of wood arranged transversely to them. Layers of wood lying transversely to the middle layer are used as a base.

Another approach is to replace the layers of wood with wood-based materials. In this way, a real wood veneer is glued onto a wood material carrier (HDF, chipboard, OSB, etc.). The veneers used here typically have a lower thickness, which results in lower mechanical strength than relatively thick veneers.

The advantage of using thin real wood veneers is the lower production and material costs. However, the use of veneers requires a suitable surface treatment. A possible surface finish usually consists of a coating based on UV or ESH coatings.

Urea or PVAc glues with hardeners are usually used to glue the veneers to the substrate. On the back of the product there is usually a backing based on veneer, which is intended to ensure the tension symmetry in the product. In addition, the aspect of a wooden floor is additionally supported.

A problem with this product is the limited ability to repair the product if damaged. This is all the more serious because the mechanical stability of the Veneer layer is not particularly high due to the low raw density of the veneer (300 - 500 kg/m ³ ). In the event of mechanical damage, e.g. B. falling objects are quickly generated with such a product deep impressions.

WO 2015/105456 A1 provides a solution to this problem, in which a mixture of wood flour and melamine resin powder is scattered onto a wood-based material panel and then pressed onto the wood-based panel together with a veneer. Here, the greatest possible penetration of the melamine resin is desired, but direct control of the penetration level of the resin into the veneer is not possible.

The problems described above with regard to the glued veneers are also essentially eliminated by a new technology. The veneer is pressed onto the wood-based material carrier in a short-cycle press using paper impregnated with melamine resin (e.g. an overlay). The pressing parameters are approx. T > 150°C, p > 30 bar and t > 30 seconds. This technology can also be used to produce veneer floors with veneers that are approx. 0.5 mm thick. It is of crucial importance that the melamine resin rises as far as possible into the veneer during the pressing process. As a result, on the one hand, the veneer is reinforced with the synthetic resin and, on the other hand, the veneer compressed by the pressing is fixed in this state. However, the melamine resin should not escape from the veneer, as this leads to discolouration on the surface and adhesion problems when subsequently varnished or oiled.

One problem now is that the determination of the quality of the reinforcement (i.e. the rising of the melamine resin into the veneer) cannot be carried out non-destructively or online. This is all the more serious since, depending on the collection or usage class, different wood veneers and different veneer thicknesses are processed. In addition, veneers of the same type of wood from different regions can also differ in terms of their properties.

This results in the following disadvantages: non-destructive testing of the process is not possible; higher costs due to quality determination and readjustments to pressing parameters necessary.

The invention is therefore based on the technical problem of developing a non-destructive method which makes it possible to determine the degree of resin penetration in porous coating materials such as veneers. The method should be as fast as possible Delivering results so that there are as little or no downtimes as possible in production due to quality determination. The resin penetration should already be possible immediately after the press and enable continuous monitoring of this parameter.

This object is achieved by a method having the features of claim 1.

Accordingly, a method is provided for determining the resin penetration (or penetration height / penetration amount of the resin) in at least one porous coating material, wherein the at least one porous coating material is pressed with at least one carrier plate and at least one resin layer arranged on the carrier plate, and wherein during the Pressing process penetrates the resin in the at least one porous coating material or rises. This procedure includes the following steps:

- Recording of at least one NIR spectrum of several reference samples, each with different values for the resin penetration into a porous coating material using at least one NIR measuring head in a wavelength range between 500 nm and 2500 nm, preferably between 700 nm and 2000 nm, particularly preferred between 900 nm and 1700 nm, and particularly advantageously between 1450 nm and 1550 nm;

- Determination of the resin penetration into the porous coating material of the mentioned reference samples by means of a mechanical removal of the porous material surface;

- Assignment of the resin penetration determined by mechanical abrasion to the recorded NIR spectra of the mentioned reference samples; and

- Creation of a calibration model for the relationship between the spectral data of the NIR spectra and the associated resin penetrations of the reference samples using a multivariate data analysis;

- Compression of at least one porous coating material with at least one carrier plate and at least one resin layer arranged on the carrier plate, - Recording at least one NIR spectrum of the porous coating material pressed with the carrier plate and the resin layer using the at least one NIR measuring head in a wavelength range between 500 nm and 2500 nm, preferably between 700 nm and 2000 nm, particularly preferably between 900 nm and 1700 nm and particularly advantageously between 1450 nm and 1550 nm; and

Determining the resin penetration into the at least one porous coating material by comparing the NIR spectrum recorded for the porous coating material with the calibration model created.

According to the present method, an NIR spectrum of the porous material surface is recorded. NIR radiation is generated and directed onto the carrier material sample to be analyzed with the material surface, where the NIR radiation interacts with the components of the sample and is reflected or scattered. An NIR detector captures the reflected or scattered NIR radiation and generates an NIR spectrum that contains the desired chemical information about the sample. With this measurement, a large number of individual NIR measurements are carried out in one second, so that statistical validation of the measured values is also guaranteed. The NIR spectroscopy together with the (below) multivariate data analysis offers a possibility to establish a direct relation between the spectral information (NIR spectra) and the parameters to be determined of the applied porous coating material, such as a veneer layer.

The present method makes use of the fact that the NIR radiation does not penetrate through the carrier material, but is reflected or scattered on the surface of the carrier plate. The reflected or scattered NIR radiation is recorded by the NIR detector, and the determined NIR spectrum is used to determine the desired parameters (here the level of penetration of the resin into the coating material).

The recorded NIR spectrum, in combination with an examination of the penetration percentage, makes it possible to generate a correlation by mechanically removing the porous material surface. It has surprisingly been shown that, depending on how far the resin, for example melamine resin, rises into the porous coating material, a signal increase for the melamine peak can be observed. First, reference samples of a carrier plate pressed with a porous coating material and resin layer are provided. It is essential that the reference sample is similar to the sample to be measured; that is, in particular, the resin layer and porous coating material of the reference sample have the same composition as the resin layer and porous coating material to be measured. The similarity of the sample to be measured and the reference sample is particularly important when using resin layers with additives such as flame retardants, fibers and other additives.

At least one NIR spectrum is recorded from these reference samples in a wavelength range between 500 nm and 2500 nm, preferably between 700 nm and 2000 nm, particularly preferably between 900 nm and 1700 nm.

These reference samples are also subjected to a non-spectroscopic analysis to determine the desired parameters, i.e. in the present case a mechanical removal of the porous material surface.

A mean value is formed from the parameters for the reference samples determined by means of the non-spectroscopic analysis, which is then assigned to the NIR spectra of these reference samples recorded in each case, and a calibration model for the relationship between the spectral data of the NIR spectra of the reference samples is created and the associated parameter values created by means of a multivariate data analysis; i.e. an NIR spectrum of the reference sample corresponds to each parameter value of the reference sample. The calibration models created for the various parameters are stored in a suitable data memory.

At least one porous coating material is then pressed with a resin layer and carrier plate and at least one NIR spectrum of the pressed porous coating material is recorded. The desired parameter of the porous coating material (here the resin penetration or penetration height into the porous coating material) can then be determined by comparing the NIR spectrum recorded for the pressed porous coating material with the calibration model created.

It is thus possible, from a single NIR spectrum determined for the sample to be measured, by means of an automated comparison or adjustment with those for the respective Parameter created calibration models to determine several parameters of interest of the porous coating material pressed with the carrier plate at the same time.

It makes sense to compare and interpret the NIR spectra over the entire recorded spectral range. This is advantageously carried out using a multivariate data analysis (MDA) known per se. In the case of multivariate analysis methods, several statistical variables are typically examined simultaneously in a manner known per se. For this purpose, with these methods, the number of variables contained in a data set is usually reduced without reducing the information contained therein at the same time.

In the present case, the multivariate data analysis is carried out using the method of partial least squares regression (partial regression of the smallest squares, PLS), which allows a suitable calibration model to be created. The evaluation of the data obtained is preferably carried out using suitable analysis software such as, for example, the analysis software SIMCA-P from Umetrics AB or The Unscrambler from CAMO.

In a further embodiment, spectral data from the NIR spectral range between 1450 and 1550 nm is used to create the calibration model, which is pre-treated using suitable mathematical methods and then fed to the multivariate data analysis.

The importance of a wavelength for the prediction of parameters of the pressed porous coating material, such as resin penetration, from the NIR spectrum is shown using the regression coefficients. The regions with large coefficients have a strong influence on the regression model. The representation of the regression coefficients in a PLS regression model for determining the amount of resin shows that the wavelength range between 1460 nm and 1530 with a maximum at 1490 nm (absorption band of the amino groups of the resin) is most important for the calculation of the model, since here the magnitudes of the regression coefficients are largest. Although the other areas in the spectrum have less information content in relation to the NIR measurement, they still contribute to taking into account or to the further information or disturbing influencing variables (such as transparency of the layer, surface properties of the resin layer or the carrier material, etc.). minimize.

To eliminate disruptive influences (such as the nature of the surface of the carrier material or the porous coating material, the color of the samples, light scattering from solid particles or other additives, etc.) it is necessary to correct the spectral data with mathematical pretreatment methods (e.g. derivative data pretreatment, standardization according to SNVT (Standard Normal Variate Transformation), multiplicative signal correction (EMSC, Extended Multiplicative Signal Correction, etc.). ).The baseline effects, which are mainly caused by the different color of the samples, are removed from the spectra, overlapping bands are separated from one another and the dependence of the light scattering on the substrate surface is taken into account rough surface of the substrate During the measurement, the focus of the calibration and data preparation is on the removal of the baseline shift.

From the pre-treated data, a calibration model is developed with the help of multivariate data analysis, which includes all decors used in the calibration.

Accordingly, the comparison and the interpretation of the NIR spectra are preferably carried out in the spectral range between 1450 and 1550 nm using the multivariate data analysis MDA. In the case of multivariate analysis methods, typically several statistical variables are examined simultaneously in a manner known per se. To do this, the number of variables contained in a data set is reduced without reducing the information contained therein at the same time.

In the present method, series pressings were carried out to create the correlation, in which an HDF (fiber board with increased bulk density) was coated with different amounts of liquid and then dried melamine resin. A porous coating material, e.g. an oak veneer with a thickness of 0.5 mm, was then placed on this HDF and pressed. NIR spectra were taken from these samples. It was found that the melamine resin peak was more or less pronounced, depending on the penetration. The level of penetration of the melamine resin into the porous material was then determined by mechanical removal of the porous material and related to the NIR spectra. To make the resin or the resin front more visible, the resin can be colored, but this does not interfere with the NIR spectroscopy.

During pressing (hot pressing), pressure and temperature bring about the polycondensation reaction in which the resin, in particular melamine resin, hardens. That's what it's gonna be Resin converted from state b (partially condensed, still meltable and hardenable) to state c (fully condensed and hardened). In between it is liquid and this is exploited to enable the rise and viewed/evaluated here with NIR.

The present method makes it possible to provide the measured values in a short time (online, preferably without a disruptive time delay) compared to conventional (known) measuring methods. The measurement data can be used for quality assurance, research and development, for process control, regulation, control, etc. The measuring process does not reduce the production speed, etc. Basically, this improves the monitoring of production. In addition, downtimes are reduced through quality determinations and system adjustments.

The advantages of the present method are manifold: Non-contact multi-parameter determination ("real time" or "real-time measurement) with significantly reduced time delay in the evaluation of the measured parameter values; improved system control or regulation, reduction in rejects, improvement in the quality of the products manufactured on the plant, improvement of plant availability.

In one embodiment of the present method, the at least one resin layer comprises a resin-impregnated paper sheet, a resin-containing powder, or a resin-containing liquid. The resin layer applied can accordingly be present as a powder or liquid overlay or as a partial or full impregnation of a paper layer on the carrier board.

Resin-soaked paper layer (overlay)

The resin-impregnated paper layer is typically based on a cellulosic layer with an average sheet weight of 18-50 g/m ² , preferably 20-30 g/m ² , eg 25 g/m ² .

Such cellulosic layers are impregnated with duroplastic resins as binders, such as formaldehyde resins, in particular melamine resin, phenolic resin, urea resin or mixtures of these resins. Such paper layers are also known as an overlay.

Aqueous resin solutions with a resin solids content of between 40 and 80% by weight, preferably between 50 and 65% by weight, are used to impregnate the paper layers. The resin is applied in an amount of 200% to 600%, preferably 250% to 400% solids content based on the basis weight of the paper sheet. The resin is used in an amount that is sufficient for the resin to be able to penetrate at least sections of the porous coating material during the pressing process.

For impregnation, the paper layer is unrolled from an unwinding station as a roll, pulled through an impregnation bath with liquid resin and impregnated. This is followed by drying in a flotation dryer and winding or formatting of the resin-soaked paper.

In a preferred embodiment, it is possible after the impregnation step to apply resin as a solid (for example as a powder, dust, granules) to the paper layer which has not yet been predried and is therefore still moist. This can be done, for example, by spraying using tribo guns. The amounts of resin applied, for example in the form of melamine resin powder, can be between 10 and 50 g/m ² , preferably between 15 and 30 g/m ² . The amount of solid resin applied to the paper layer, for example in the form of melamine resin powder, is determined by the penetration height of the resin to be achieved in the porous coating material.

After the resin has been applied to the paper layer, in particular after the paper layer has been impregnated with the resin, the surface is only pre-dried and is therefore still tacky. This sticky state is reached with a content of volatile substances with a residual moisture content (VC value) of 10-15%. The VC value is determined as the difference between the initial weight and the final weight after drying at 105° C. to constant weight.

The sticky surface of the resin-impregnated paper layer simplifies the application of additives for further finishing of the porous coating material, such as a veneer layer.

Powdered resin (powder overlav)

In the case of using powdered resin, the amount of powdered resin applied to the surface of the substrate is 50-150 g/m ² , preferably 60-100 g/m ² , particularly preferably 70-80 g/m ² . The amount of resin used results from the Bonding properties and from the desired level of penetration of the resin into the porous coating material.

The powdered resin used has a scattering density of 0.5 to 1.5 kg/l, preferably 0.8 to 1.0 kg/l and an average particle size of 10 to 50 μm, preferably 20 to 30 μm, particularly preferred from 25 pm has.

The powdered resin used here has only small traces of moisture. A moisture content of 0.5% should not be exceeded, otherwise lumps will form and spreading will no longer be possible.

In a further variant of the present method, the surface or side of the carrier plate to be sprinkled with the powdered resin is pretreated before the powdered resin is sprinkled on to improve the adhesion of the powdered resin on the surface of the carrier plate. This pretreatment can include exposure of the side or surface to moisture or electrostatic charging of the side or surface of the carrier plate.

A formaldehyde resin, preferably a urea resin, a melamine resin or a phenolic resin, particularly preferably a melamine-formaldehyde resin, a melamine-phenol-formaldehyde resin or a melamine-urea-formaldehyde resin is used as the powdery resin.

The powdered resin is preferably applied using a spreader. The sprinkling preferably takes place in a continuous flow process. A suitable spreader is the TPS precision spreader "Oscillating brushing system". However, an electrostatic application with a tribo gun can also be carried out.

This further layer to be applied can only consist of a powdered resin, or it is also possible to use a mixture containing the resin, natural and/or synthetic fibers, and optionally other additives.

The powder consists of 30 to 65% by weight, preferably 40 to 60% by weight fibers, 20 to 45% by weight, preferably 30 to 40% by weight binder, and 0 to 8% by weight, preferably 0.5 to 6% by weight additive together. The natural and/or synthetic fibers are preferably selected from a group of bleached cellulose fibers or organic polymer fibers. Liquid resin (liquid iooverlav)

In the case of using liquid resin as the resin layer, the amount of liquid resin applied to the surface of the carrier plate is between 50 and 150 g/m ² , preferably between 60 and 100 g/m ² , particularly preferably between 70 and 80 g/m ² , the solids content of the resin being around 65% by weight and containing the usual auxiliaries such as hardeners, wetting agents, etc.

A formaldehyde resin, preferably a urea resin, a melamine resin or a phenolic resin, particularly preferably a melamine-formaldehyde resin, a melamine-phenol-formaldehyde resin or a melamine-urea-formaldehyde resin is used as the liquid resin.

As in the case of the resin powder, the liquid resin can also be used in a mixture with natural and/or synthetic fibers and, if necessary, other additives.

additive

As already mentioned above, according to the present method, at least one additive can be applied to or introduced into the at least one resin layer.

In a preferred embodiment, at least one additive is applied to the (preferably tacky) surface of the resin layer, e.g. The additive can be applied to the paper layer in liquid or solid form, in particular as a particulate solid (dust, powder, granules), or as a liquid or paste, for example by means of spraying, spraying, pouring, squeegeeing, rolling, scattering.

One additive or mixtures of several additives can be used, whereby several additives can also be applied one after the other.

The additives used can be selected from the following group: dyes (ink), pigments (e.g. color pigments, metal pigments or reflective pigments) flame retardants (e.g. ammonium polyphosphate, tris (tribromoneopentyl) phosphate, zinc borate or boric acid complexes of polyhydric alcohols), agents for Increase in conductivity, UV stabilizers, bleaching agents, water repellents or antimicrobial agents. Possible antimicrobial agents can include at least one biocide. A prerequisite for the selection of a suitable biocide is that it complies with EU Regulation No. 528/2012 on placing biocidal products on the market. Biocides can be classified either by product types such as disinfectants and preservatives or by their target organisms (virucides, bactericides, fungicides, etc.). In the present case, the at least one biocide can be selected from a group comprising benzalkonium chloride, octylammonium chloride, chitosan, phenylphenol, copper sulfate, silver nitrate, lactic acid, nonanoic acid, sodium benzoate, 1-[[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-4-propyl-1, 3-dioxolan-2-yl]methyl]-1H-1,2,4-triazoles, 2-octyl-2H-isothiazol-3-ones, thiazol-4-yl-1H-benzoimidazoles, 3-iodo-2 - propynylbutylcarbamate, biphenyl-2-ol, bronopol / calcium magnesium oxide, copper (II) oxide, 2-pyridinethiol-1-oxide, silver oxide, silver-copper zeolite. The active ingredients listed come from product families 2 and 9, which have already been approved or are in the process of approval for floors with an antiviral effect.

The additive is preferably not soluble or not homogeneously soluble in the resin provided on the surface of the paper layer. This ensures that the additive does not mix with the resin but remains on the surface and can thus come into contact with and penetrate the porous coating material.

carrier plate

In one embodiment of the present method, the at least one carrier board is a board made of a wood material, in particular a chipboard, medium-density fiber (MDF), high-density fiber (HDF), oriented strand board (OSB) or plywood board, made of plastic, a wood-plastic mixture or a composite material, a cement fiber board, gypsum fiber board or a WPC board (Wood Plastic Composites) or an SPC board (Stone Plastic Composites).

The surface of the carrier material can be surface-treated. The surface of a wood-based material carrier board can also be sanded (without pressed skin) or not sanded (with pressed skin). In the case of a plastic carrier plate, the surface can be corona-treated. Porous coating material

The at least one porous coating material can be selected from the following materials: a veneer sheet, a leather material, felt material, non-woven material and other cloth materials. In particular, materials are included which have a porosity in which liquid resin can rise during pressing and which are at least partially plastically deformable.

If a veneer layer is used, in one embodiment this comprises at least one layer of real wood veneer.

In a further embodiment, the at least one veneer comprises at least one real wood layer with a thickness between 0.2-10 mm, preferably 0.5-5 mm, particularly preferably 0.5-2 mm. The veneer can be made in one piece from a log, for example by peeling. However, it can also be composed of individual pieces that are connected to one another, for example, by means of binding agents or so-called glue threads. The veneer preferably has the dimensions of the carrier board. The veneer has an underside facing the carrier board and an upper side facing away from the carrier board.

If leather materials are used, e.g. as an insulating layer, a leather fiber material with a thickness between 0.5 mm and 1 mm, preferably 0.75 mm, is preferably used.

A material made of shavings, e.g. The proportion of leather in a bonded leather is at least 50%. The processed leather residues can come from cattle or other animals, such as horses.

In a further embodiment of the present method, the at least one carrier plate, the at least one resin layer arranged on the carrier plate and the at least one porous coating material are at temperatures between 150 and 200 ° C, preferably between 170 and 180 ° C at a pressure of 30 to 50 kg/cm ² , preferably 40 kg/cm ² for 30-120 seconds, preferably 60 to 90 seconds. The present method thus enables the determination of the degree of penetration of resin into a porous coating material pressed with a carrier board and having the following layer structures: a) wood-based panel - resin-impregnated paper layer (overlay) - if necessary- resin powder additives, porous coating material, b) wood-based panel - Resin powder (powder overlay) additives, porous coating material, or c) wood-based panel - liquid resin (liquid overlay) additives, porous

coating material.

In one variant, the NIR measurement of the penetration level of the resin into the porous coating material can be determined continuously within, i.e. online, the production line of the material panels. In this online variant, the penetration level is determined during the ongoing production process. This enables direct control and intervention in the production process.

In a second embodiment of the present method, the penetration height can also be determined outside (i.e. offline) of the production line of the material panels. In this variant, a finished pressed material panel is removed from the production line or ejected and measured offline, e.g. in a separate laboratory as part of routine quality control.

In a further variant, the NIR measurement can take place both online and offline.

Provision can also be made for the at least one NIR measuring head to move transversely to the running direction of the carrier plates pressed with the porous coating material. The NIR detector can be installed anywhere in the transport direction of the plate. The detector can also traverse across the width of the plate or analyze specific problem areas (e.g. in the edge or central area of the plate, etc.). In addition, the measured values are immediately available and allow immediate intervention in the process. This is not easily possible with other methods. The present method is carried out in a production line comprising at least one NIR multi-measuring head, preferably at least two NIR multi-measuring heads, and at least one control system. Such a production line can be a production line for the production of material panels. The present method for determining the resin penetration into the porous coating material is preferably carried out continuously and online.

The control system of the production line comprises at least one computer-aided evaluation unit (or processor unit) and a database. In the evaluation unit, the NIR spectrum measured for the product (i.e. pressed porous coating material) is compared or compared with the calibration models created for the individual parameters. The parameter data determined in this way are stored in the database.

The data determined with the present spectroscopic method can be used to control the production line. The non-contact measured parameter values of the NIR multi-measuring head ("actual values") can, as already described, be used directly and in "real time" for the control or regulation of the relevant system, for example by using the measured and stored in the database, e.g. a relational database, actual values are stored and compared with the target values of these parameters that are available there. The resulting differences are then used to control or regulate the production line.

A computer-implemented method and a computer program comprising instructions which, when the program is executed by a computer, cause the computer to execute the computer-implemented method are provided for the adjustment and control of the production line. The computer program is stored in a storage unit of the production line control system.

The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the figures of the drawings using an exemplary embodiment. It shows:

FIG. 1 shows an NIR spectrum of a veneer layer pressed with a resin layer and carrier board. Example 1:

Three 8 mm HDF (500 x 500 mm) were overlaid on one side and black digital printing ink was applied to the overlay in an amount of 10 g fl./m. The overlay had a paper weight of about 25 g/m ² and a resin coverage of 400%.

In the still wet overlay, melamine resin powder was applied to the three overlays in amounts of 0, 15 and 30 g/m ² . The overlays were dried in the hood.

An oak veneer (thickness: 0.5 mm) was then placed on the overlays. The structure was then pressed in a laboratory press at 180° C., a pressure of 40 kg/cm ² and a pressing time of 60 seconds. This compressed the veneer to a thickness of 0.35 mm.

Samples were then cut from the panels (100×100 mm, four pieces each). After cooling, the surface was measured with an NIR measuring head at four points, which were marked by a coordinate system and at which later the abrasion/removal by the Taber Abraser takes place.

These were then tested on a Taber abraser. The test was carried out based on DIN EN 13329. The friction wheels of the Taber Abraser were covered with the usual sandpaper and also loaded with the usual weights. Then, after every 200 revolutions, a visual check was carried out to determine whether black discoloration could already be observed in the veneer. Then, using a dial gauge, the removal in mm was determined in the circular indentation created by the sandpaper in the four circle segments formed by a coordinate system, and the mean value was formed from this. An overall mean value was formed from this mean value together with the four other samples. The abrasion was then subtracted from the veneer thickness, which was determined using a microscope, and then correlated with the spectra.

The values determined are summarized in Table 1 below. It can be seen that with higher amounts (30 g/m ² ) of melamine resin powder applied to the overlay paper, the mechanical decrease in the T but Abraser test is lower than with 0 g/m ² or 15 g/m ² of resin powder. This proves that the more resin powder applied, the more resin penetrates into the veneer layer and the less has to be removed in the Taber Abraser test in order to observe the black discoloration in the veneer layer. The mechanical decrease in the T but Abraser test corresponds to the decrease determined by the NIR method, so that the NIR method permits verification of the penetration height of the resin in the veneer layer.

Table 1

The measuring head for determining the resin penetration is installed directly behind the press used. With an automated shift option, the measuring head can analyze different areas of a panel coated with veneer or it can traverse over the panel. This ensures that areas that can usually be problematic due to different pressing conditions (e.g. plate edges) are also analyzed.

If the resin does not penetrate adequately into the veneer, the resin flow can be improved by changing the pressing temperature and/or the pressing time. The two parameters are changed in opposite directions. If the pressing temperature is reduced, the pressing time is increased. For example, if the pressing temperature is reduced by 10°C, the pressing time is increased by 10 to 20 seconds.

Example 2:

To check the accuracy of the calibration, a coating of leather was carried out instead of coating the cervical spine with a veneer. A spectrum of the leather used was first created with the aid of an NIR measuring device in order to check whether the melamine peak at approx. 1500 nm is superimposed by peaks from the leather. Which has not been confirmed.

An overlay was applied to one side of an 8 mm HDF (500 x 500 mm). The overlay had a paper weight of approx. 25 g/m and a resin application of 400%. Brown leather (thickness: 0.75 mm) was then placed on the overlay. The structure was then pressed in a laboratory press at 180° C., a pressure of 40 kg/cm ² and a pressing time of 60 seconds. This compressed the leather to a thickness of 0.45 mm. Then samples were cut from the plate (100×100 mm, four pieces each). After cooling, the surface was measured with an NIR measuring head at four points marked by a coordinate system.

The measurement with the NIR measuring device resulted in a penetration depth of 0.35 mm. This was then checked with the Taber Abraser. A value of 0.35 was determined.

Other porous coating materials such as cloth, felt, fleece, etc. can also be measured using this method.

Claims

Expectations

1. A method for determining the resin penetration into at least one porous coating material which is pressed with at least one carrier plate and at least one resin layer arranged on the carrier plate, the resin penetrating or rising into the at least one porous coating material during the pressing process, comprising the steps

- Compressing at least one porous coating material with at least one carrier plate and at least one resin layer arranged on the carrier plate,

- Recording at least one NIR spectrum of the porous coating material pressed with the carrier plate and the resin layer using the at least one NIR measuring head in a wavelength range between 500 nm and 2500 nm, preferably between 700 nm and 2000 nm, particularly preferred between 900 nm and 1700 nm and particularly advantageously between 1450 nm and 1550 nm; and

- Determining the resin penetration into the at least one porous coating material by comparing the NIR spectrum recorded for the porous coating material with the calibration model created.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the at least one resin layer comprises a resin-impregnated paper sheet, a resin-containing powder or a resin-containing liquid.

3. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least one resin layer comprises a resin-impregnated paper layer with resin powder applied thereto.

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that the resin powder is applied to the resin-impregnated paper layer in an amount between 10 and 80 g/m ² , preferably between 15 and 50 g/m ² .

5. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one additive is applied to the at least one resin layer.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that the at least one additive is selected from the following group comprising dyes (e.g. ink), pigments (e.g. color pigments, metal pigments or reflective pigments) flame retardants (e.g. ammonium polyphosphate, tris(tribromoneopentyl) phosphate, zinc borate or boric acid complexes of polyhydric alcohols), agents to increase conductivity, UV stabilizers, bleaching agents, water repellents or antimicrobial agents.

7. The method according to claim 5-6, characterized in that the at least one additive is a dye.

8. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least one T trägerplatte a plate made of a wood material, in particular a chipboard, medium-density fiber (MDF), high-density fiber (HDF), oriented strand board (OSB) or plywood panel, of plastic, a fl o ic material-plastic mixture or a composite material, a cement fiber board, gypsum fiber board or a WPC (Wood Plastic Composites) board or an S PC (Stone Plastic Composites) board.

9. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least one porous coating material comprises at least one veneer layer, a leather material, felt material, fleece material and/or such materials that have a porosity in which liquid fluff can rise during pressing and which are at least partially plastically deformable.

10. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least one carrier plate, the at least one felt layer arranged on the carrier plate and the at least one porous coating material at temperatures between 150 and 200°C, preferably between 170 and 180°C at a pressure of 30 to 50 kg/cm ² , preferably 40 kg/cm ² for 30-120 seconds, preferably 60 to 90 seconds.

11. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that spectral data from the entire recorded spectral range are used to create the calibration model.

12. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that spectral data from the NIR spectral range between 1450 nm and 1550 nm are used to create the calibration model, which are pretreated using suitable mathematical methods and then fed to the multivariate data analysis.

13. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the determination of the Flaz penetration into the porous coating material takes place continuously and online.