WO2022096761A1 - Panel de revestimiento colector y/o emisor de energía térmica - Google Patents
Panel de revestimiento colector y/o emisor de energía térmica Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2022096761A1 WO2022096761A1 PCT/ES2021/070701 ES2021070701W WO2022096761A1 WO 2022096761 A1 WO2022096761 A1 WO 2022096761A1 ES 2021070701 W ES2021070701 W ES 2021070701W WO 2022096761 A1 WO2022096761 A1 WO 2022096761A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- panel
- cladding
- panel according
- channel
- cladding panel
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S10/00—Solar heat collectors using working fluids
- F24S10/50—Solar heat collectors using working fluids the working fluids being conveyed between plates
- F24S10/503—Solar heat collectors using working fluids the working fluids being conveyed between plates having conduits formed by paired plates, only one of which is plane
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
- E04F13/00—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings
- E04F13/07—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor
- E04F13/08—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements
- E04F13/0869—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements having conduits for fluids
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
- E04F13/00—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings
- E04F13/07—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor
- E04F13/08—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements
- E04F13/0875—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements having a basic insulating layer and at least one covering layer
- E04F13/0876—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements having a basic insulating layer and at least one covering layer the covering layer comprising mutual alignment or interlocking means
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
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- E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
- E04F13/00—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings
- E04F13/07—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor
- E04F13/08—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements
- E04F13/0889—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements characterised by the joints between neighbouring elements, e.g. with joint fillings or with tongue and groove connections
- E04F13/0894—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements characterised by the joints between neighbouring elements, e.g. with joint fillings or with tongue and groove connections with tongue and groove connections
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D3/00—Hot-water central heating systems
- F24D3/12—Tube and panel arrangements for ceiling, wall, or underfloor heating
- F24D3/122—Details
- F24D3/125—Hydraulic pipe connections
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D3/00—Hot-water central heating systems
- F24D3/12—Tube and panel arrangements for ceiling, wall, or underfloor heating
- F24D3/14—Tube and panel arrangements for ceiling, wall, or underfloor heating incorporated in a ceiling, wall or floor
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D3/00—Hot-water central heating systems
- F24D3/12—Tube and panel arrangements for ceiling, wall, or underfloor heating
- F24D3/14—Tube and panel arrangements for ceiling, wall, or underfloor heating incorporated in a ceiling, wall or floor
- F24D3/147—Tube and panel arrangements for ceiling, wall, or underfloor heating incorporated in a ceiling, wall or floor arranged in facades
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S10/00—Solar heat collectors using working fluids
- F24S10/70—Solar heat collectors using working fluids the working fluids being conveyed through tubular absorbing conduits
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S20/00—Solar heat collectors specially adapted for particular uses or environments
- F24S20/60—Solar heat collectors integrated in fixed constructions, e.g. in buildings
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S20/00—Solar heat collectors specially adapted for particular uses or environments
- F24S20/60—Solar heat collectors integrated in fixed constructions, e.g. in buildings
- F24S20/69—Solar heat collectors integrated in fixed constructions, e.g. in buildings in the form of shingles or tiles
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S70/00—Details of absorbing elements
- F24S70/10—Details of absorbing elements characterised by the absorbing material
- F24S70/16—Details of absorbing elements characterised by the absorbing material made of ceramic; made of concrete; made of natural stone
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S70/00—Details of absorbing elements
- F24S70/20—Details of absorbing elements characterised by absorbing coatings; characterised by surface treatment for increasing absorption
- F24S70/25—Coatings made of metallic material
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S70/00—Details of absorbing elements
- F24S70/60—Details of absorbing elements characterised by the structure or construction
- F24S70/65—Combinations of two or more absorbing elements
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S80/00—Details, accessories or component parts of solar heat collectors not provided for in groups F24S10/00-F24S70/00
- F24S80/30—Arrangements for connecting the fluid circuits of solar collectors with each other or with other components, e.g. pipe connections; Fluid distributing means, e.g. headers
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
- E04F2290/00—Specially adapted covering, lining or flooring elements not otherwise provided for
- E04F2290/02—Specially adapted covering, lining or flooring elements not otherwise provided for for accommodating service installations or utility lines, e.g. heating conduits, electrical lines, lighting devices or service outlets
- E04F2290/023—Specially adapted covering, lining or flooring elements not otherwise provided for for accommodating service installations or utility lines, e.g. heating conduits, electrical lines, lighting devices or service outlets for heating
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S10/00—Solar heat collectors using working fluids
- F24S10/50—Solar heat collectors using working fluids the working fluids being conveyed between plates
- F24S10/501—Solar heat collectors using working fluids the working fluids being conveyed between plates having conduits of plastic material
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S80/00—Details, accessories or component parts of solar heat collectors not provided for in groups F24S10/00-F24S70/00
- F24S2080/01—Selection of particular materials
- F24S2080/011—Ceramics
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S80/00—Details, accessories or component parts of solar heat collectors not provided for in groups F24S10/00-F24S70/00
- F24S2080/01—Selection of particular materials
- F24S2080/015—Plastics
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S70/00—Details of absorbing elements
- F24S70/20—Details of absorbing elements characterised by absorbing coatings; characterised by surface treatment for increasing absorption
- F24S70/225—Details of absorbing elements characterised by absorbing coatings; characterised by surface treatment for increasing absorption for spectrally selective absorption
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S70/00—Details of absorbing elements
- F24S70/30—Auxiliary coatings, e.g. anti-reflective coatings
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S80/00—Details, accessories or component parts of solar heat collectors not provided for in groups F24S10/00-F24S70/00
- F24S80/60—Thermal insulation
- F24S80/65—Thermal insulation characterised by the material
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
- Y02B10/20—Solar thermal
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
- Y02E10/44—Heat exchange systems
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a covering panel that collects and/or emits thermal energy, that is, a panel designed to cover other construction elements, such as walls, floors and roofs, which also allows the collection of incident thermal energy, for example, energy solar, for its storage and/or use, and/or that also allows the emission of thermal energy supplied to said cladding panel, for example, to air-condition a closed space.
- Thermal energy collector and/or emitter panels are known. They typically include a first panel, normally metallic, with conduits for a heat-carrying fluid adhered to its back, and with glass covering its front, as an infrared trap.
- the conduit used is a metallic conduit, to improve the thermal transmission of the first panel to the conduit, with a circular section to facilitate its curvature in any direction to obtain a serpentine circuit.
- metal ducts increases thermal losses, forcing the addition of thermal insulation on the back of the first panel, and the use of circular ducts minimizes the contact surface between said ducts and the first panel, minimizing heat transfer between both and requiring the addition of a filler element with good thermal conductivity between the conduit and the first panel to improve heat transfer.
- metallic materials present oxidation problems and typically have a high reflectivity, which makes it necessary to coat them with protective paints or lacquers that increase their capture of thermal energy, but reduce their thermal conductivity.
- metallic materials are not a material that can be cut easily and safely, since they produce sharp edges without protection against oxidation, which makes it difficult for them to adapt to architecture in predefined spaces with cut end panels that lack capturing capacity.
- solutions such as the one described above are also known, lacking glass, which covers the first panel with a decorative coating behind which the rest of the thermal energy collector and/or emitter panel is hidden.
- this additional coating greatly reduces the efficiency of the system, since the decorative coating is the one that, when it works as a collector, receives the incident thermal energy and has to transmit said thermal energy to the first panel, which reduces the efficiency of the system. , or that when it works as an emitter it presents the same problem, but with the energy moving from the first panel to the decorative coating.
- An example of this type of system is that described in document ES2334876A1, in which the decorative coating is a slate tile roof.
- the first panel is a plasterboard panel, allowing its integration as the interior wall of a closed interior space.
- the plasterboard panel transmits heat in an inefficient way.
- this solution cannot be used on floors or outdoors, and it only allows its use as a heat emitter, but not as a collector, which determines that its manufacturing volumes will be reduced and therefore its price will be high.
- Thermal energy collector and/or emitter panels are also known that use a panel with pipes embedded inside to channel the heat-carrying fluid, so that one side of said panel, exposed to solar radiation, would heat the heat-carrying fluid circulating through it. its interior.
- document DE4240252A1 describes a panel formed from a first ceramic panel and a second symmetrical ceramic panel, each one provided with channels in low relief on one of its faces.
- the adhesion of the two ceramic panels defines conduits inside the resulting panel.
- This solution requires ceramic panels molded with relief, which is a manufacturing technique that limits the maximum size of the panel, makes it more expensive to manufacture and requires a minimum thickness of material, producing small and heavy panels.
- the resulting panel will have a high weight and thermal inertia, and will present thermal losses on its back or will need a thermal insulator on its back.
- the present invention solves the above and other problems.
- the present invention relates to a thermal energy collector and/or emitter cladding panel comprising, in a manner known per se:
- the second panel has a channel engraved on its front.
- it will be a meandering channel, although the branching of the channel into multiple branches and their subsequent reunification, within the second panel, between a first end and a second end of the channel in low relief, is not ruled out.
- Said channel in low relief will therefore be open and will be accessible through the obverse of the second panel, and therefore may be machined or preferably molded in the material that constitutes the second panel through said obverse.
- the front of the second panel is adhered to the back of the first panel, so that said back of the first panel closes the channel in low relief, turning it into a closed conduit, so that a heat-carrying fluid circulating inside it is in direct contact with the reverse of the first panel, maximizing the thermal transfer between both.
- the adhesion between the first panel and the second panel will produce a hermetic seal of the duct defined by the channel in low relief and the back of the first panel, said duct being accessible only through an inlet duct and an outlet duct connected respectively. to first and second opposite ends of the channel in low relief.
- Said inlet and outlet ducts will also be connected to a heat transfer fluid circuit, allowing the heat transfer fluid to be introduced into the channel in low relief through the first end and its extraction through the second end.
- Said heat transfer fluid circuit will typically include multiple thermal energy collector and/or emitter cladding panels like the one proposed, connected in series, in parallel or in a combination of panels in series and in parallel, and may also include other typical elements of this type of circuit, such as an isolated accumulator tank, an expansion vessel and regulation valves.
- the present invention also proposes, in an unknown way, that the first panel is made of laminated and calibrated ceramic with a flat and smooth intrados and extrados, and that it has a uniform thickness between 3mm and 6mm, and that the second panel is made of insulating plastic, waterproof and stable at temperatures up to at least 120°C.
- Laminated and calibrated ceramic is a porcelain ceramic obtained through a manufacturing process that allows the production of large panels, up to 3m long and with a width greater than 1m, perfectly flat and with very thin thicknesses, even just 3mm, 4mm , 5mm or 6mm thick.
- This type of porcelain ceramic panels are sufficiently resistant to impacts and bending, even with such reduced thicknesses, to allow the manufacture of very large, lightweight panels that can be handled without breaking.
- Ceramic is a material frequently used in both exterior and interior finishes, since it has a very wide range of colors and textures, so the use of this material in the panel finish facilitates its architectural integration. Ceramics can also be cut to the desired size, allowing, for example, cutting ceramic panels, without the ability to emit and/or capture thermal energy, to finish off peripheral areas of a surface covered with said cladding panels and allowing complete architectural integration in any space. This characteristic allows a surface to be completely covered with ceramic panels with an identical appearance, combining panels that collect and/or emit thermal energy together with other panels without this capacity. The low cost of the proposed cladding panels allows some of them to be cut to fit the peripheral areas, renouncing their functionality as a collector and/or emitter panel, without this entailing an extra cost. This allows logistics to be simplified, since two types of panels do not have to be calculated and sent to the site, once again making the whole cheaper.
- this material can constitute the only enclosure and/or the surface finish of said surface, also performing the functions of waterproofing and/or insulation and/or enclosure.
- the second panel is made of a plastic material, which can be much lighter than the first panel of ceramic material, and which provides some thermal insulation on the reverse side of the first panel. Said second panel includes the channels in low relief throughout its thickness, but leaving the heat transfer fluid in direct contact with the back of the first panel.
- the second panel provides thermal insulation to the heat-carrying fluid that circulates inside it, which reduces thermal losses, without preventing heat transmission from the first panel to the heat-carrying fluid thanks to direct contact between the two through the back of the first panel. that covers the channels in low relief.
- the plastic material constituting the second panel will be selected to withstand temperatures of up to 120°C without deteriorating, since it will be in direct contact with the heat transfer fluid and with the first panel, which if exposed to the sun can reach high temperatures.
- the resulting cladding panel is a panel that can be manufactured very simply, and therefore very cheaply, also allowing large-size panels to be obtained but which, thanks to its low weight due to its small thickness, is easily manageable by one. or two workers.
- the large size panels simplify and speed up the installation, minimizing the number of connections, and therefore also making the installation cheaper and reducing the possible leak points of the heat transfer fluid.
- the final finish of the cladding panel is indistinguishable from a cladding panel without thermal energy capture and/or emission capabilities, facilitating its architectural integration together with panels without this capability, for example, in facade cladding or in flooring or radiant walls.
- This allows the thermal energy capture or emission surface to be adapted to the thermal needs of the building, completing the rest of the surfaces that do not need said capacities, or that must be cut, with other panels with the same appearance, obtaining a set with a uniform appearance. .
- This solution also allows any ceramic panel color to be used as the first panel, although the use of dark colors is preferably recommended, for example, colors with an albedo equal to or less than 0.25 or that absorb at least 75% of the incident solar energy, and also allows the use of ceramic panels that include a pattern, for example, of stone veins, borders or images.
- the second panel may be made of a non-foamed plastic, that is to say of a plastic devoid of air trapped inside.
- Said non-foamed plastic will preferably have a density between 600 kg/m 3 and 1200 kg/m 3 , and/or a thermal conductivity equal to or less than 0.25 W/m°K.
- This type of plastic is very stable, rigid and resistant, and therefore also offers structural support to the cladding panel as a whole.
- the thermal conductivity of this type of material much lower than the thermal conductivity of the first material, offers a certain insulation to the back of the first material and to the heat transfer fluid.
- the second panel is made of a foamed plastic, ie a plastic with air trapped inside.
- said foamed plastic will have a density between 10 kg/m 3 and 200 kg/m 3 and/or a thermal conductivity equal to or less than 0.12 W/m°K.
- the proposed foamed plastics are lighter and offer better thermal insulation than non-foamed plastics, however, they provide much less structural strength to the first panel than the aforementioned non-foamed plastics.
- the second panel will have a thickness equal to or less than 20mm, or preferably equal to or less than 14mm. It is also proposed that, in an alternative or complementary way, the channel in low relief has a maximum depth equal to or less than 15mm or preferably equal to or less than 10mm. Thus, the set of the first and the second panel will have a thickness equal to or less than 26mm or even equal to or less than 20mm.
- the second panel may be adhered to the first panel by thermofusion, that is to say by a partial fusion, and subsequent solidification, of the front of the second panel in contact with the back of the first panel, causing its watertight union. This can be achieved by heating the first panel to a temperature above 120°C, then overlapping the second panel, and subsequent cooling.
- the second panel may be adhered to the first panel by means of an adhesive stable at temperatures up to at least 120°C.
- the second panel may also be adhered to the first panel through a bonding sheet glued or heat-fused to the first panel and the second panel, for example, a sheet that defines a frame around the channel in low relief, providing a perimeter seal.
- Said sheet of interposed material may be adhered to the first panel on one side and to the second panel on the opposite side, or it may be attached to both the first panel as to the second panel in laterally adjacent areas of the same face of the sheet of interposed material.
- said bonding sheet may be made of a thermoplastic polymer, which may be bonded to the reverse side of the first panel by hot melting, and which may be bonded to the second panel by adhesives or also by hot melting.
- the channel in low relief will be wider than the depth.
- the width of the channel in low relief decreases in depth and is maximum in its contact surface with the intrados with the first panel. This maximizes the heat transfer surface between the heat transfer fluid and the first panel, limiting the volume of heat transfer fluid.
- the channel may have a semicircular shape in section, minimizing the contact surface of the heat transfer fluid with the second panel and therefore minimizing thermal losses.
- the present invention also contemplates the inclusion of a third panel, made of thermal insulation material, attached or adhered to the intrados of the second panel.
- Said third panel unlike the second panel, will be optimized to maximize thermal insulation without other requirements related to the conduction of the heat transfer fluid.
- the third panel will preferably have a thickness greater than that of the second panel and/or a density less than that of the second panel and/or a thermal conductivity less than that of the second panel. This means that preferably the third panel will be thicker and better insulating than the second panel, and will have a lower density.
- the first panel preferably has a density equal to or greater than 2200 kg/m 3 and/or a thermal conductivity equal to or greater than 0.8 W/m°K.
- the first panel may also include additives, for example metallic additives, to increase its thermal conductivity.
- the cladding panel has a height equal to or greater than 2.2m, and/or an area equal to or greater than 1.5m 2 that allows the entire height between floors of a building to be covered with a single panel, maximizing installation speed. and minimize the number of connections.
- the cladding panel may have a weight equal to or less than 25kg/m 2 , or preferably equal to or less than 15 Kg/m 2 , which facilitates the manual installation of panels with a surface area greater than 1.5m 2 by two operators, without the need for lifting devices.
- the intrados of the first panel has a conductive coating with a higher thermal conductivity than the thermal conductivity of the first panel.
- This conductive coating conducts heat from the areas of the first panel that they are not directly facing a channel in low relief until the areas of the first panel in direct contact with the heat transfer fluid, accelerating their heat transfer to the heat transfer fluid and therefore improving the efficiency of the assembly.
- Said conductive coating of the intrados of the first panel may be, for example, a paint, a varnish, an enamel, or an enamel with metal particles, or a metal vapor deposition.
- the first panel may also have, at least on its outer surface, a selective absorbent coating transparent to sunlight in the visible spectrum and with low emissivity in the spectrum of infrared light and/or far infrared light.
- This selective absorbent coating acts as an infrared trap, which maximizes the capture of thermal energy due to the incidence of sunlight, but reduces the losses due to radiation from the first panel through the front, increasing the efficiency of the whole.
- the selective absorbent coating can be, for example, a varnish or an enamel.
- the second panel is made of one of the following materials: rubber, rubber, ethylene propylene diene rubber, acrylic, polyamide, polycarbonate, polyester, expanded polystyrene, extruded polystyrene, polyisocyanurate, polyetheretherketone, polytetrafluoroethylene.
- the perimeter of the cladding panel includes, on opposite sides, complementary tongue-and-groove configurations configured for coupling a succession of identical cladding panels through said tongue-and-groove configurations.
- Said tongue-and-groove configurations may be formed by an offset between the first panel and the second panel, and/or by a tongue-and-groove configuration defined on the sides of the second panel.
- the inlet connector and the outlet connector are each a conduit that passes through the second panel and is adhered to it around the entire perimeter of said conduit, providing a seal that is tight to the heat transfer fluid.
- the inlet connector will be a segment of duct, preferably rigid, that passes through the second panel, accessing a first end of the channel in low relief, said duct being completely surrounded by the first panel and adhered to it. The same is applicable to the output connector.
- This construction allows the input connector to be attached only to the second panel, providing a watertight seal around it, rather than between the first panel and the second panel, which would require the input connector to be adhered to both the first and second panels, making it difficult to ensure a watertight seal.
- the input connector and the output connector be placed between the first panel and the second panel, in contact with and adhered to both panels, providing a joint that is tight to the heat transfer fluid, in order to minimize the thickness of the panel. cladding, facilitating its use, for example, as underfloor heating.
- the cladding panel is anchored to a support by means of anchors, for example, a vertical or inclined support.
- anchors for example, a vertical or inclined support.
- anchorages may include the input connector and/or the output connector and/or a connection conduit between the input and output conductors of adjacent cladding panels.
- the cladding panel will be fixed to its support through said input and/or output connectors that will form part of the anchorages, and/or through a connection conduit that allows the input and output connectors to be connected. outlet of adjacent cladding panels.
- the cladding panel be adhered to a support, for example by means of adhesives or cement.
- This solution is suitable for walkable floors, as it guarantees a correct transmission of compressive forces, or also for vertical or inclined walls that may have to withstand significant impacts or punctual or concentrated forces.
- the input connector and the output connector of the same panel be parallel to each other and located at opposite ends of the same side of the cladding panel, facilitating the series connection of a plurality of cladding panels by means of a connector duct, preferably rigid, in the form of a U that connects the output connector of one panel with the input panel of an adjacent panel, which will be next to each other when placing the adjacent cladding panels.
- said input and output connectors are parallel to the front of the first panel, being contained in the edge of the cladding panel, which allows it to be installed with little thickness, allowing the connecting duct to be coplanar with the thickness of the cladding panel .
- the second panel will include a hollow space on its perimeter to house said connecting duct, leaving the cladding panels adjacent.
- the input and output connectors of the same panel are parallel and coaxial, and are arranged on opposite sides of the cladding panel, allowing an input connector of one panel to be aligned and coaxial with an output connector of one panel. an adjacent cladding panel, facilitating its direct connection or through an interposed straight connector conduit.
- the input connector and the output connector are perpendicular to the front of the first panel, and are accessible through the back of the second panel, allowing simple wiring from behind the cladding panel.
- a system is also proposed according to which, in the same building, cladding panels are integrated on at least one exterior surface of the same exposed to direct sunlight, for the capture of thermal energy, and on at least one interior surface of a closed space of the building for the emission of thermal energy, with the exterior and interior cladding panels connected for the transmission of thermal energy from the exterior to the interior of the building.
- the heat transfer fluid will preferably be water or water with an antifreeze such as glycol or a derivative thereof.
- Fig. 1 shows a thermal energy collector and/or emitter cladding panel according to a first embodiment, where the channels in low relief of the second panel are meandering channels shown in broken lines;
- Fig. 2 shows an exploded perspective view of the cladding panel shown in Fig. 1 where the first panel is shown separated from the second panel;
- Fig. 1 shows a thermal energy collector and/or emitter cladding panel according to a first embodiment, where the channels in low relief of the second panel are meandering channels shown in broken lines;
- Fig. 2 shows an exploded perspective view of the cladding panel shown in Fig. 1 where the first panel is shown separated from the second panel;
- Fig. 1 shows a thermal energy collector and/or emitter cladding panel according to a first embodiment, where the channels in low relief of the second panel are meandering channels shown in broken lines;
- Fig. 2 shows an exploded perspective view of the cladding panel shown in Fig. 1 where the first panel is shown separated from the second panel;
- FIG. 3 shows an enlarged sectional view of a part of the proposed cladding panel, according to an embodiment in which the channels in low relief are semicircular and in which the cladding panel also includes a third insulating panel, the panel being shown siding laterally connected to another identical siding panel by a tongue-and-groove configuration, and in which the inlet and outlet connectors are perpendicular to the first panel and accessible from the reverse of the siding panel;
- Fig. 4 shows an exploded view of the lining panel shown in Figure 3, where the first, second and third panels are shown separated, where the selective absorbent coating and the conductive coating on the front and back are shown in dashed lines of the first panel, and where the bonding sheet is shown;
- Fig. 4 shows an exploded view of the lining panel shown in Figure 3, where the first, second and third panels are shown separated, where the selective absorbent coating and the conductive coating on the front and back are shown in dashed lines of the first panel, and where the bonding sheet is shown;
- Fig. 5 shows an alternative embodiment of the cladding panel in which the embossed channels are branch channels, and in which the inlet and outlet connectors are coaxial and on opposite sides of the cladding panel;
- Fig. 6 shows a sectioned perspective view of a building that includes the cladding panels on an exterior façade and on a flat roof that can be walked on, which act as collectors of thermal energy from incident sunlight, represented here by a ⁇ solar cone, and in interior flooring and interior wall cladding that acts as a thermal energy emitter, symbolized by an undulating arrow, where they are combined with some cladding panels with the same finished appearance but without capturing capacity and/or or broadcast that have been marked with a dither.
- Fig. 6 shows a building in which cladding panels such as those proposed have been integrated, both on exterior surfaces where sunlight falls directly and where the cladding panels can act as collectors of solar thermal energy, as well as on closed interior surfaces. where the cladding panels can act as emitters of thermal energy for air conditioning of the interior spaces of the building.
- Each proposed cladding panel includes at least a first panel (10), with a front (11) and a back (12), made of laminated and calibrated ceramic with a uniform thickness between 3mm and 6mm, a second panel (20) , with an obverse (21) and a reverse (22), made of insulating plastic material and with a thickness between 10mm and 20mm, the first panel (10) and the second panel (20) being adhered to each other.
- the second panel (20) has, on its obverse (21), a channel (40) engraved in low relief, which can be formed by molding during the manufacture of the second panel (20), intended to channel a heat transfer fluid, typically water. with antifreeze.
- This channel (40) will be wider than the bottom and may have a semicircular section.
- the channel 40 is a meandering channel 40, while in the embodiment shown in Fig. 5 the channel 40 is a branch channel in an intermediate region of the channel.
- the front (21) of the second panel (20) is adhered to a back (12) of the first panel (10) at least along its perimeter or preferably over its entire surface, providing a watertight perimeter joint between the first panel (10) and the second panel (20), and closing the channel
- Two opposite ends of the channel (40) are connected, one to an inlet connector (41) and the other to an outlet connector (42), intended to allow the watertight coupling of a conduit or to connect in a watertight way with the outlet connector. (42) of one panel with the input connector (41) of another adjacent panel.
- FIGs. 1 and 2 show the input (41) and output (42) connectors parallel to each other and parallel to the first panel (10), located at opposite ends of the same side of the cladding panel.
- a U-shaped connection conduit is included for the interconnection of the output (42) and input connectors
- connection duct (41) from adjacent panels.
- connection duct (41) from adjacent panels.
- connection duct also includes some anchors (60), in the form of a plate with holes for fixing it with screws to a support.
- anchors 60
- the next row of cladding panels can include, at one end, complementary configurations with the anchors (60) of the previous row, allowing their fixing.
- an inlet connector (41) is shown in the form of a conduit in communication with the end of the channel (40) and passing through the second panel (20) and also the third panel ( 30), said conduit constituting the inlet connector (41) remaining completely surrounded by the constitutive material of the second panel (20), to which it is adhered forming a watertight joint.
- the first panel (10) includes a conductive coating (50) on its back (12) with a higher thermal conductivity than that of the first panel (10) itself.
- Said conductive coating (50) channels the heat from the entire surface of the back (12) of the first panel (10) towards the heat transfer fluid contained in the channels (40) in a more efficient way, or distributes the heat of the heat transfer fluid contained in the channels (40) on the entire surface of the reverse (12) of the first panel (10).
- the front side (11) of the first panel (10) can also include a selective absorbent coating (51) with high transparency to visible light and low transparency to light. infrared light, especially infrared light in the far spectrum. This allows the incident solar energy, captured by the first panel, not to be lost in the form of infrared light through the face (11) of the first panel (10), without altering the appearance of the first panel or increasing its weight appreciably. .
- a joining sheet (70) that is adhered on one side to the back (12) of the first panel (10) and on the other side to the front (21) of the second panel (20).
- This connecting sheet serves to improve the connection between the first panel (10) and the second panel (20), ensuring a watertight connection.
- the joining sheet (70) can be made of a thermoplastic material and can be joined to the first panel (10) by means of a thermofusion process, that is, it is applied to the first panel (10) with heat causing its fusion. at least partial and its adhesion when cooled, although the union of the joining sheet (70) to the first panel (10) by means of adhesives is not ruled out.
- This solution ensures good adhesion to the first panel (10) and offers a plastic material surface with good compatibility with the constituent material of the second panel (20) for its correct adhesion, either by means of adhesives or by thermofusion.
- the connecting sheet (70) is arranged at least on the perimeter of the second panel (20), surrounding the channel (40) in low relief, ensuring its sealing.
- the cladding panel also includes a third panel (30) of insulating material, preferably thicker than the second panel (20) and made of a lighter and better insulating material than the second panel (20). constituting the second panel (20).
- a third panel (30) of insulating material preferably thicker than the second panel (20) and made of a lighter and better insulating material than the second panel (20). constituting the second panel (20).
- the described cladding panel can be easily cut with tools commonly used for cutting ceramic materials, allowing its size to be adapted to the dimensions of the surface to be clad.
- the channel (40) is interrupted and therefore these cut panels cannot be connected to the heat transfer fluid circuit, but they allow them to be combined with the other complete cladding panels and connected to the heat transfer fluid circuit. In this way, this system allows a surface to be completely covered, adapting to its size and shape.
- Fig. 6 shows a facade clad with cladding panels of this system in which, at its upper end, cut cladding panels have been included, marked with a grid.
- Fig. 6 also shows a roof covered with cladding panels of this type and where those cladding panels that are not exposed to direct sunlight, also marked with a hatch, simply have not been connected to the fluid circuit. heat carrier
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Building Environments (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Steam Or Hot-Water Central Heating Systems (AREA)
- Roof Covering Using Slabs Or Stiff Sheets (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
KR1020237018814A KR20230118833A (ko) | 2020-11-05 | 2021-09-28 | 열 에너지를 수집 및/또는 방출하는 클래딩 패널 |
US18/251,669 US20230407643A1 (en) | 2020-11-05 | 2021-09-28 | Cladding panel that collects and/or emits thermal energy |
CN202180074900.9A CN116547481A (zh) | 2020-11-05 | 2021-09-28 | 收集和/或发射热能的包覆板 |
EP21888728.9A EP4242549A4 (en) | 2020-11-05 | 2021-09-28 | THERMAL ENERGY COLLECTOR AND/OR EMITTER COVERING PANEL |
CA3197267A CA3197267A1 (en) | 2020-11-05 | 2021-09-28 | Thermal energy collector and/or emitter cladding panel |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
ES202031114A ES2909491B2 (es) | 2020-11-05 | 2020-11-05 | Panel de revestimiento colector y/o emisor de energia termica |
ESP202031114 | 2020-11-05 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2022096761A1 true WO2022096761A1 (es) | 2022-05-12 |
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ID=81387392
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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PCT/ES2021/070701 WO2022096761A1 (es) | 2020-11-05 | 2021-09-28 | Panel de revestimiento colector y/o emisor de energía térmica |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US20230407643A1 (es) |
EP (1) | EP4242549A4 (es) |
KR (1) | KR20230118833A (es) |
CN (1) | CN116547481A (es) |
CA (1) | CA3197267A1 (es) |
ES (1) | ES2909491B2 (es) |
WO (1) | WO2022096761A1 (es) |
Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4257481A (en) * | 1975-06-05 | 1981-03-24 | Dobson Michael J | Cement panel heat exchangers |
US4608960A (en) * | 1982-12-16 | 1986-09-02 | Reinhard Hering | Panels or moulded elements designed as heat-exchangers |
DE4240252A1 (en) | 1991-12-02 | 1993-08-05 | Iduso Gmbh | Sandwich channelled ceramic plate - has glazing between plates with same thermal expansion as the plate clay for bonding during firing |
US20090229598A1 (en) | 2006-05-25 | 2009-09-17 | Shuliang Cao | method for making large-sized hollow ceramic plate |
ES2334876A1 (es) | 2008-09-15 | 2010-03-16 | Cupa Innovacion, S.L.U. | Panel de cubierta captador de energia solar. |
CN101799216A (zh) * | 2009-02-09 | 2010-08-11 | 曹树梁 | 陶瓷粉料压制成型组合式黑瓷复合陶瓷太阳板 |
GB2473447A (en) * | 2009-09-09 | 2011-03-16 | Meirion Gribble | Tile with engagement means |
Family Cites Families (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
ITFI20060193A1 (it) * | 2006-08-02 | 2008-02-03 | Opus S R L | Sistema integrato di elementi radianti in ceramica |
-
2020
- 2020-11-05 ES ES202031114A patent/ES2909491B2/es active Active
-
2021
- 2021-09-28 CA CA3197267A patent/CA3197267A1/en active Pending
- 2021-09-28 CN CN202180074900.9A patent/CN116547481A/zh active Pending
- 2021-09-28 WO PCT/ES2021/070701 patent/WO2022096761A1/es active Application Filing
- 2021-09-28 KR KR1020237018814A patent/KR20230118833A/ko active Search and Examination
- 2021-09-28 US US18/251,669 patent/US20230407643A1/en active Pending
- 2021-09-28 EP EP21888728.9A patent/EP4242549A4/en active Pending
Patent Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4257481A (en) * | 1975-06-05 | 1981-03-24 | Dobson Michael J | Cement panel heat exchangers |
US4608960A (en) * | 1982-12-16 | 1986-09-02 | Reinhard Hering | Panels or moulded elements designed as heat-exchangers |
DE4240252A1 (en) | 1991-12-02 | 1993-08-05 | Iduso Gmbh | Sandwich channelled ceramic plate - has glazing between plates with same thermal expansion as the plate clay for bonding during firing |
US20090229598A1 (en) | 2006-05-25 | 2009-09-17 | Shuliang Cao | method for making large-sized hollow ceramic plate |
ES2334876A1 (es) | 2008-09-15 | 2010-03-16 | Cupa Innovacion, S.L.U. | Panel de cubierta captador de energia solar. |
CN101799216A (zh) * | 2009-02-09 | 2010-08-11 | 曹树梁 | 陶瓷粉料压制成型组合式黑瓷复合陶瓷太阳板 |
GB2473447A (en) * | 2009-09-09 | 2011-03-16 | Meirion Gribble | Tile with engagement means |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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See also references of EP4242549A4 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ES2909491B2 (es) | 2022-09-19 |
EP4242549A4 (en) | 2024-05-22 |
EP4242549A1 (en) | 2023-09-13 |
CN116547481A (zh) | 2023-08-04 |
CA3197267A1 (en) | 2022-05-12 |
US20230407643A1 (en) | 2023-12-21 |
KR20230118833A (ko) | 2023-08-14 |
ES2909491A1 (es) | 2022-05-06 |
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