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WO2022083602A1 - 短半径钻井工具、可控轨迹侧向钻井工具及方法 - Google Patents

短半径钻井工具、可控轨迹侧向钻井工具及方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022083602A1
WO2022083602A1 PCT/CN2021/124796 CN2021124796W WO2022083602A1 WO 2022083602 A1 WO2022083602 A1 WO 2022083602A1 CN 2021124796 W CN2021124796 W CN 2021124796W WO 2022083602 A1 WO2022083602 A1 WO 2022083602A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
short
drilling
section
sub
drilling tool
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2021/124796
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
徐梓辰
杨忠华
万晓跃
Original Assignee
万晓跃
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from CN202011358655.8A external-priority patent/CN112267831A/zh
Application filed by 万晓跃 filed Critical 万晓跃
Priority to US18/032,406 priority Critical patent/US12168930B2/en
Publication of WO2022083602A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022083602A1/zh

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
    • E21B7/04—Directional drilling
    • E21B7/06—Deflecting the direction of boreholes
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B17/00—Drilling rods or pipes; Flexible drill strings; Kellies; Drill collars; Sucker rods; Cables; Casings; Tubings
    • E21B17/20—Flexible or articulated drilling pipes, e.g. flexible or articulated rods, pipes or cables
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
    • E21B47/02—Determining slope or direction
    • E21B47/022—Determining slope or direction of the borehole, e.g. using geomagnetism
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
    • E21B47/12—Means for transmitting measuring-signals or control signals from the well to the surface, or from the surface to the well, e.g. for logging while drilling
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
    • E21B47/12—Means for transmitting measuring-signals or control signals from the well to the surface, or from the surface to the well, e.g. for logging while drilling
    • E21B47/14—Means for transmitting measuring-signals or control signals from the well to the surface, or from the surface to the well, e.g. for logging while drilling using acoustic waves
    • E21B47/18—Means for transmitting measuring-signals or control signals from the well to the surface, or from the surface to the well, e.g. for logging while drilling using acoustic waves through the well fluid, e.g. mud pressure pulse telemetry
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B49/00—Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
    • E21B7/04—Directional drilling
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
    • E21B7/04—Directional drilling
    • E21B7/06—Deflecting the direction of boreholes
    • E21B7/061—Deflecting the direction of boreholes the tool shaft advancing relative to a guide, e.g. a curved tube or a whipstock
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
    • E21B7/04—Directional drilling
    • E21B7/06—Deflecting the direction of boreholes
    • E21B7/062—Deflecting the direction of boreholes the tool shaft rotating inside a non-rotating guide travelling with the shaft
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
    • E21B7/04—Directional drilling
    • E21B7/06—Deflecting the direction of boreholes
    • E21B7/064—Deflecting the direction of boreholes specially adapted drill bits therefor
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
    • E21B7/04—Directional drilling
    • E21B7/06—Deflecting the direction of boreholes
    • E21B7/068—Deflecting the direction of boreholes drilled by a down-hole drilling motor

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of drilling technology and oil and gas exploitation, in particular to a short-radius drilling tool, a controllable trajectory lateral drilling tool and a method.
  • the application background of this technology is to sidetrack lateral wells with a short-very short radius at any position in the existing main wellbore, and then continue to extend the lateral wellbore in a direction different from the well axis of the main wellbore or in the existing wellbore
  • the end of the wellbore is extended in a direction different from the borehole axis of the main well by short-very short radius deflection technology; generally, the short radius is in the range of 10 to 60 meters.
  • the meter-level range is defined as the scale range of the extremely short radius, which can be understood as the turning radius of the deflection section of the extremely short radius well is less than 10 meters.
  • the coiled tubing transmission elbow screw motor can realize the controllable track sidetrack drilling of medium and short radius, but the directional mode is sliding steering, the whole drill string does not rotate, and the drilling circulation medium drives the screw to drive the drill bit to rotate, and through the bending
  • the change of the tool face angle of the joint can change the well inclination and azimuth performance of the drilling tool.
  • There are limitations such as the non-rotation of the drilling tool during the directional operation and the inability to complete the short-radius directional drilling operation, and the accuracy of the wellbore trajectory is poor; Inherent disadvantages such as low strength, the pipe string is easily damaged and fractured, and it is not suitable for high torque.
  • the diameter of the drilling hole is too small to meet the basic requirements of oil and gas reservoir development for the conductivity of oil and gas wells, so it is almost incapable of short-radius lateral drilling. , it is even more incapable of working in the scope of ultra-short radius and extremely short radius lateral drilling.
  • Another method that can realize short-very short-radius lateral drilling is to drive the drill bit through a flexible drill pipe to realize short-very short-radius lateral drilling, that is, use short drill pipes with a length of less than 1.5 meters in series to form a flexible drill pipe.
  • the short drill rods rely on the ball head and the ball bowl to transmit the tensile force, rely on the splines set between the ball head and the ball cup to transmit the torque, and the flexible drill string drives the bottom drill bit to rotate to achieve rock breaking; this method can rely on The deflection effect of the deflector realizes short-to-extremely short radius sidetracking.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a short-radius drilling tool, a controllable trajectory lateral drilling tool and a method for a short-very short-radius well section drilled laterally through the bottom of the main wellbore or at any other position, allowing it to continue Drill sideways for controlled trajectory extension.
  • the present invention provides a controllable trajectory lateral drilling tool, comprising a high-passage lateral drilling section and a drilling power transmission section, the high-passage lateral drilling section being capable of passing through a short-circuit extending laterally from an autonomous wellbore
  • the ultra-short radius well section realizes the drilling of the extended well section of the short-very short radius well section, and the high-passage lateral drilling section sequentially includes a drill bit, a high-passability steering execution sub, and a high-passability lateral drilling section from front to back Transmission sub-section array;
  • the high-throughput transmission sub-section array is composed of several transmission sub-sections for bearing torque, the transmission sub-sections can transmit the power of rotary drilling for the drill bit, and the adjacent transmission sub-sections are
  • a deflection limit is preset between the transmission sub-sections;
  • the high-throughput transmission sub-section array is provided with a through structure along its own axis direction, and the through structure forms a main channel for the circulation of
  • the present invention provides a controllable trajectory lateral drilling method, comprising the following steps:
  • Step 1 The short-to-extremely short radius build-up tool includes a flexible drill pipe and a high build-up drill bit.
  • a conventional drill string is used to drive the high build-up drill bit in the oblique direction provided by the whipstock through a certain length of the flexible drill pipe.
  • the lateral drilling of the short-very short radius well section is completed, and the length of the flexible drill pipe and the high deflection bit is not less than the length of the short-very short radius well section;
  • Step 2 Pull out the flexible drill pipe and the high deflection bit, run the controllable trajectory lateral drilling tool to pass through the short-very short radius well section, and then complete the drilling of the extended well section.
  • the deflector can be used in the autonomous wellbore
  • the controllable trajectory lateral drilling tool is supported inside, and the length of the high-passage lateral drilling section is greater than the sum of the length of the short-very short radius well section and the wellbore length of the extended well section.
  • the present invention provides a method for lateral drilling with variable azimuth and controllable trajectory, comprising the following steps:
  • Step 1 Run the whipstock so that the ramping surface of the whipstock faces the azimuth direction of the main wellbore.
  • the drill bit can be oriented to the azimuth direction of the main wellbore to realize the window opening operation
  • Step 2 Drive the high deflection bit by the flexible drill pipe to complete the lateral drilling of the short-very short radius well section along the azimuth direction of the main wellbore to the pre-designed inclination angle; the azimuth direction of the short-very short-radius build-up section is generally consistent with the azimuth direction of the main wellbore
  • step 3 changing the extended well section during the drilling operation of the extended well section The azimuth angle of the extended well section gradually meets the drilling design requirements.
  • the present invention provides a short-radius drilling tool.
  • the short-radius drilling tool includes a pilot drilling sub-section, which includes a drill bit and a pilot sub-section, the pilot sub-section includes a bearing body, and a deflection steering is arranged on the bearing body.
  • the drill bit is connected to the lower end of the carrying body, and the deflection guide mechanism can drive the drill bit to deflect in a preset direction;
  • the driving drill string includes a plurality of Bearing short joints, the bottom bearing short joint is connected to the bearing body, and the drilling torque is passed between two adjacent bearing short joints and between the bearing short joint and the bearing body
  • the deflection transmission mechanism is hinged;
  • the drive control short section is provided with an electric drive actuator drive control circuit, the electric drive actuator drive control circuit is electrically connected with the electric drive actuator through a jumper line, and the drive control short
  • the joint is connected between the pilot drilling sub joint and the driving drill string, or the driving control sub joint is connected to any position in the driving drill string, or the driving control sub joint is connected to the driving drill string.
  • the upper end of the drill string is driven; the length of the bearing sub-section is less than 1.2m.
  • directional drilling under the condition of short-radius drill string rotation is realized through the high-throughput transmission sub-section array, which effectively solves the problem of wellbore extension of short-very short-radius wells, and is effective for short-radius directional drilling technology for multi-layer drilling.
  • the combined development of oil and gas resources, the development of thin oil and gas layers, the exploitation of remaining oil potential, the development of coalbed methane and the development of other types of minerals have engineering feasibility and practical value.
  • the WOB torque transmission and communication in the ultra-short radius wellbore are realized by the arrangement of the high-throughput transmission sub-section array with the electric circuit through the transmission section, and the electric circuit through the transmission section is used to communicate with the relay communication device. Connection, through the communication device, the relay of information between the electrical device near the drill bit and the wellhead is realized, so that the high-throughput steering execution sub-section does not need to complete the task of long-distance communication, and the task of long-distance communication is replaced by relay communication. It is done with short sections, which greatly reduces the spacing between each deflection point.
  • the relay communication sub-section is generally a mud pulser, it needs to take up a lot of space, so the advantages of the invention are to reduce the risk of encountering obstacles during the drilling process, and to solve the problem of the length limitation of the relay communication sub-section;
  • the length of each transmission sub in the array is strictly limited, so the electrical device near the drill bit should not include a device that can realize long-distance communication; the device of the present invention needs to rely on the long-distance drill pipe and the short-circuit array in the controllable weight-on-bit torque transmission.
  • relay communication is realized through the relay communication device, so that the near-bit electrical devices including electrical actuators and gamma measurement modules can span several transmission sub-sections and the said device in a limited space environment.
  • the relay communication device realizes short-range communication. Further, the relay communication device realizes long-distance communication from the relay position to the wellhead with stronger energy, and finally realizes the communication from the near-bit electrical device including the measurement circuit to the wellhead.
  • the functions of each short-circuit are effectively dispersed, so that the high-throughput steering execution sub-section can realize the steering function and be responsible for the power supply.
  • the sub section responsible for the communication to the wellhead does not enter the short-very short radius well section, so that any sub section has only a single function of the system inside, achieving the purpose of greatly reducing the length and volume of any sub section, and improving the transmission with high passability.
  • the power transmission stability and electrical circuit safety of the sub array make it easy for the tool to adapt to the wellbore with higher curvature and complete the deflecting task of the short-radius wellbore.
  • the WOB torque transmission and rotational power transmission in the radius well section realizes the controllable trajectory lateral drilling across the short-very short-radius well section.
  • the present invention can solve the following bottlenecks that prevent the controllable trajectory lateral drilling tool and its high-throughput transmission sub array from functioning by setting the relay communication device at the input end of the high-throughput transmission sub array:
  • the problem is that because the relay communication device generally contains a mud pulser, it will generate a strong pressure pulse, which will cause the flexible through-pressure flow pipe to be damaged by the water hammer pressure.
  • the input end of the segment array that is, the relay communication device used to realize the communication to the wellhead end across the drill string formed by the conventional drill pipe needs to be arranged at the rear of the high-throughput transmission sub array (the direction pointed by the drill bit is the front); Since the rotary drilling process will cause the drill string to collide with the wellbore frequently during the rotary drilling process, the low stiffness characteristics of the WOB torque transmission section will increase the intensity of drill string vibration and the frequency of instantaneous violent impact, and the strong vibration may The instantaneous impact can reach 100-500 times the gravitational acceleration; therefore, in order to effectively ensure the communication quality between the relay communication device and the wellhead, and the stability of the electronic devices in the relay communication device, the The relay communication device is arranged at the input end of the high-throughput transmission sub array, which is of great benefit to the safety and stability of the lifting tool; because any deflection point of the WOB torque transmission array is the controllable trajectory The relatively weak link of the lateral drilling tool, therefore, it is of great benefit to set the
  • the high-passage steering sub-section relies on the hydraulic piston to push against the well wall to achieve steering, and the high-passage transmission sub-section array will seriously damage the high-passage steering sub-section
  • the innovative pass straightening device of the present invention maintains the coaxial characteristics of the high-passage-guided-execution subsection and reduces the short-term transmission of the high-passage transmission.
  • the problem of the high-throughput guide execution sub-section caused by the buckling of the section array, which in turn provides a good and stable working environment for the hydraulic piston; Severe vibrations occur in the wellbore, resulting in impact force and damage to the wellbore.
  • the advantage of using the thick film circuit process to make the measurement circuit is that it can minimize the size of the measurement circuit and improve the anti-vibration performance of the measurement circuit.
  • the controllable trajectory lateral drilling tool of the present invention is introduced into the window by the anchoring and guiding device, and the drilling equipment at the wellhead applies
  • the WOB drives the conventional drill string to rotate, and then drives the high-throughput transmission sub array to rotate, and at the same time, the sub can be used to drive the deflection of the drill bit through the steering, so as to realize the feedback adjustment function of the drilling trajectory.
  • the window on the casing wall is very likely to cause the tool to get stuck.
  • the power supply sub and/or the relay communication device are arranged behind the high-throughput transmission sub array, so that the During the operation of the short-radius lateral well, too many instruments and equipment are prevented from entering the window, and the possibility of tool jamming is greatly reduced.
  • the distance between adjacent universal joints in the high-throughput transmission sub array by restricting the distance between adjacent universal joints in the high-throughput transmission sub array to be less than 5 times the diameter of the drill bit, the distance between each hinge point can be reduced.
  • the limit deflection angle is not greater than 8°, where the limit deflection angle is the mechanical structural limit of the rotation angle of the WOB torque transmission power transmission sub to prevent the transmission sub in the high passability transmission sub array from being excessive during the WOB torque transmission process buckling, thereby hindering the WOB torque transmission, and preventing damage to the electrical circuit through the drive;
  • the distance from the drill bit to the center of rotation of the output end of the high-pass transmission sub array is not more than 1.5 meters; or, the high-pass
  • the minimum distance between the deflection centers of any two said transmission subs in the transmission sub array shall not exceed 1 meter, so that the section between the drill bit and the uppermost transmission sub can achieve sufficient
  • the universal joint used for transmitting rotary drilling power in the transmission sub joint is not damaged.
  • the relative positions of the hinge point, hydraulic piston assembly, and drill bit are both And the diameter is limited, which has met the passability requirements of high-curvature wellbore for tools.
  • the space of the high-passage guide execution sub-section can be fully utilized to the maximum extent, and the length of the high-passage guide-execution subsection can be minimized.
  • a series of specific size restrictions ensure that the high-passability guiding execution sub-section can well realize the guiding function.
  • the high deflection drill bit is driven by the flexible drill pipe to complete the drilling of the deflection well section, and then the extension is realized by the controllable trajectory lateral drilling tool of the present invention.
  • the existing flexible drill pipe and high deflection drill bit are used to realize short-very short tool deflection drilling tool combination (for example, the short-very short radius drilling process described in CN1464170A), and the deflection is easy to be built by using it.
  • the controllable trajectory lateral drilling tool of the present invention can realize steering under rotating conditions to complete the short-extreme radius deflection well section and the extended well section respectively, so as to avoid that any drilling tool combination cannot be used alone to achieve extremely short radius at the same time.
  • Problems with high build-up and wellbore trajectory extension that is, the main advantage of the present invention is that the drilling can be continued on the basis of the existing preset short-extremely short radius well section, and the drilling of the extended wellbore with a controllable trajectory can be realized. In this way, the build-up capability requirements of the high-passability guide execution sub are greatly reduced.
  • the present invention proposes a two-stage controllable trajectory lateral drilling method with variable azimuth, and the present invention cleverly utilizes short and extremely short tools respectively.
  • the easy deflecting feature of the deflecting combination enables short-extreme radius drilling along the azimuth direction of the main wellbore, which can complete the short-extremely short radius well section with the shortest footage to the maximum extent, and then utilize the controllable trajectory lateral drilling tool It can realize the characteristics of steering under the condition of rotary drilling, and realize the change of the wellbore orientation of the extended well section. It avoids the problem that the use of any drilling tool combination alone cannot achieve extremely short radius high deflection and wellbore trajectory extension at the same time.
  • the short-radius drilling tool of the present invention is provided with a deflection and steering mechanism, so that the deflection and steering mechanism can drive the drill bit to deflect in a preset direction under the condition of rotation, so as to change the wellbore trajectory, thereby realizing short-very short radius directional drilling or
  • the directional drilling of the extended well section is completed through the short-extremely short radius well section;
  • the electric drive actuator drive control circuit containing a large number of power devices and requiring heat dissipation space is arranged in the drive control sub-section behind the bearing body, so that Only the deflection guide mechanism and electric drive actuator are retained in the guide sub, which effectively shortens the length of the guide sub, and makes it easier to realize the orientation function in the high-curvature wellbore.
  • the present invention selects the electric drive actuator to drive the hydraulic cylinder to distribute the drilling circulating medium in the through flow channel, so as to realize the steering in a specific direction, which can save the amount of energy required for the steering process to the greatest extent, and is effective in reducing the volume of the mechanical structure and the circuit. to a vital role.
  • the strapdown attitude measurement module can realize the attitude measurement of the short-radius drilling tool without relying on the inertial platform, which eliminates the large amount of space occupied by the inertial platform and the hidden dangers. This facilitates miniaturization of the short radius drilling tool carrying body or carrying sub.
  • the advantage of arranging both the guide control circuit and the electric drive actuator drive control circuit inside the electric drive actuator drive control subsection is that the guide control circuit can control the switch more quickly and agilely through the PWM signal
  • the tube driver further realizes the control of the electric drive actuator by driving the switch tube through the switch tube driver, which greatly reduces the possible interference in the control link.
  • the switch tube can be an IGBT (insulated gate bipolar transistor) or a MOSFET (insulated gate field effect transistor) or the like.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a controllable trajectory lateral drilling tool
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a high-passability-oriented execution short section
  • FIG. 3 is a partial schematic diagram of a transmission sub-section in a controllable trajectory lateral drilling tool
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a controllable trajectory lateral drilling tool drilling operation in an extended well section
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the drilling operation of a controllable trajectory lateral drilling tool in a deflected well section
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a plumb plane projection of a controllable trajectory lateral drilling method
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a horizontal projection of a controllable trajectory lateral drilling method
  • FIG. 8 is a partial schematic diagram of a lateral drilling tool based on an internal hinge structure
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of the detailed design of the high-passability guide execution sub
  • Fig. 10 is a kind of design schematic diagram of a guide execution sub
  • Fig. 11 is the first structural representation of the short-radius drilling tool of the present invention.
  • Fig. 12 is the second structure schematic diagram of the short-radius drilling tool of the present invention.
  • Fig. 13 is the third structural schematic diagram of the short-radius drilling tool of the present invention.
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic view of the enlarged structure of part A in FIG. 13;
  • 15 is a schematic diagram of the short-radius drilling tool of the present invention when it is in a working state
  • FIG. 16 is a schematic cross-sectional structural diagram of a drive control sub.
  • a controllable trajectory lateral drilling tool which includes a high-throughput lateral drilling section b and a drilling power transmission section a, wherein the high-throughput lateral drilling section b and the drilling power transmission section a are
  • the lateral drilling section b can realize the drilling of the extended section e of the short-extremely short radius section d through the short-very short-radius section d extending laterally from the main borehole c, and the high-throughput lateral drilling section b From front to back, it includes a drill bit 3, a high-throughput steering execution sub-section 1, and a high-throughput transmission sub-section array 2.
  • the high-passage transmission sub-section array 2 is composed of several transmission sub-sections 20 for bearing torque.
  • the segments 20 can transmit the power of rotary drilling for the drill bit 3, and there is a preset deflection limit angle between adjacent transmission sub-sections 20, and the preset deflection limit angle is set to 0.5° ⁇ 8°; specifically, the drilling power
  • the transmission section a includes a certain length of drill string for transmitting drilling power in the main wellbore; it should be noted that the drill string used for transmitting rotational power in the main wellbore can be any type of drill string, no special It is required and limited that the way of transmitting drilling power may be to directly drive the high-passage lateral drilling section b to rotate, or it may be to transmit high-pressure mud or electric power to drive the high-passage lateral drilling section b through a motor at the bottom of the hole Drilling section b rotates.
  • the high-throughput transmission sub array 2 has a through structure extending along its axis direction, and the through structure forms the main channel for the circulation of the drilling circulating medium, the purpose of which is to realize the circulation of the drilling circulating medium in the hinged structure;
  • the controllable transmission joint array is steered in a rotating state in a short-radius wellbore.
  • the controllable transmission joint array is generally rotating during the directional drilling process, the main force component of the friction force is the universal joint 21 array Circumferential tangential direction, greatly reducing the axial friction, enabling trajectory control in ultra-short radius wellbore, the controllable trajectory lateral drilling tool can drill the length of the short-very short-radius well section d of the rod The sum does not exceed the sum of the lengths of the drill bit 3 and the high-throughput transmission sub array 2 .
  • the universal joint 21 realizes torque transmission through the transmission pin 22 and the torque transmission groove 23 arranged in the ball head 18 and the ball socket 19 .
  • a torque transmission groove 23 is provided on the outer side of the ball head 18
  • the transmission pin 22 is fixedly arranged on the inner side of the ball socket 19
  • the transmission pin is embedded in the torque transmission groove 23 to realize the transmission of torque. transfer.
  • the universal joint can also be a universal joint of any form, and the structure for transmitting torque can also be any structure that can meet the torque transmission requirements, such as drive pins, balls, grooves, and teeth.
  • the torque can also be transmitted between the ball head and the ball socket by means of the mutual engagement of the keyway and the tooth groove.
  • a relay communication device 4 is provided between the high-throughput lateral drilling section b and the drilling power transmission section a, and one end of the relay communication device 4 is electrically connected to the high-throughput transmission sub array 2
  • the other end of the relay communication device 4 can carry out long-distance communication with the wellhead end in the electrical circuit 7 inside; The guidance function and attitude are monitored, and the function of controllable trajectory is better realized.
  • At least one universal joint 21 for realizing rotary drilling power transmission with variable angle is arranged inside each transmission sub-joint 20 .
  • the distance between them is less than 1 meter; specifically, the universal joint 21 provided inside the transmission sub-joint 20 is a constant-velocity universal joint to realize power transmission.
  • the input end can maintain a stable rotation speed under the driving of the drilling tool above it, and the transmission sub-sections 20 in the high-throughput transmission sub-section array 2 rely on the constant velocity universal joint 21 to transmit power to ensure the high-throughput transmission.
  • the output end of the sub array 2 but the rotational speed of the power input end and the power output end of the non-constant velocity universal joint is inconsistent, which prevents the speed fluctuation of the output end of the high-pass transmission sub array 2 from short-circuiting the high-passibility guide execution.
  • the guidance accuracy of segment 1 is adversely affected.
  • the minimum distance between the deflection centers of adjacent transmission sub-sections 20 in the high-throughput transmission sub-array 2 is less than 5 times the diameter of the drill bit 3; Section 21 spacing is within 0.4 meters.
  • the purpose of limiting the distance between each universal joint is to prevent excessive buckling of the drive subs in the high-throughput transmission sub array during the WOB torque transmission process, thereby hindering the WOB torque transmission, and to prevent the high-throughput transmission sub
  • the excessive buckling of the array 2 interferes with the behavior of the high-passability steering to perform sub-section control of the wellbore trajectory; it should be noted that the controllable trajectory lateral drilling tool is in the process of drilling the short radius and drilling the extended well section.
  • the deflection angle between each of the transmission sub-sections 20 should be controlled within 3°.
  • a measurement device 12 is provided in the high-throughput steering execution sub 1, and the measurement device 12 includes a formation information measurement module.
  • the formation information measurement module includes at least a gamma sensor, and the gamma sensor is fixedly installed in any transmission sub. 20, and electrical connection is adopted between the gamma sensor and the relay communication device 4, so that the measurement device 12 transmits the measured formation information to the ground display device via the relay communication device 4.
  • the high-passage guide execution sub-joint 1 includes an internal through bearing structure 10, a hydraulic diverter 24, an electrical actuator 25, and several groups of hydraulic piston assemblies 13, and the several groups of hydraulic piston assemblies 13 are executed along the high-passage guideline
  • the circumferential direction of the short joint 1 is fixedly connected to the bearing structure 10 of the high-throughput guiding execution short joint 1;
  • the electrical actuator 25 can drive the hydraulic diverter 24 to dispense fluid to the hydraulic piston assembly 13, and controllably distribute hydraulic fluid to each hydraulic piston assembly 13, thereby controlling the hydraulic pressure state of each hydraulic piston assembly 13; it should be noted that the hydraulic pressure
  • the source of the force can be the hydraulic power system, or the drilling working fluid in the main channel.
  • the pressure originates from the pressure difference between the main flow channel and the wellbore annulus, and the process of the drilling circulation medium flowing into the wellbore annulus from the main flow channel through the drill bit water hole set on the drill bit will generate a large amount of pressure.
  • the pressure drop which is the pressure required to drive the piston.
  • the high-passability guide execution sub at least includes an internal through bearing structure 10, 3-4 sets of hydraulic piston assemblies 13, a hydraulic diverter 24 and an electrical actuator 25, and 3-4 sets of the hydraulic pistons
  • the components are evenly arranged along the circumferential direction of the high-passability guide-executing sub-section, and are fixedly connected to the cylindrical wall of the high-passability-guided-executing sub-section carrying structure 10 in a cylindrical structure, and the hydraulic diverter 24 is arranged on the inside the load-bearing structure 10;
  • the function of the hydraulic diverter 24 in the present invention is to periodically distribute the high-pressure drilling fluid to the hydraulic piston assembly, and any form of hydraulic diverter is within the protection scope of the present invention.
  • the electrical actuator 25 is only used to drive the hydraulic diverter 24 to perform actions, and any form of the electrical actuator 25 is within the protection scope of the present invention.
  • each group of the hydraulic piston assemblies includes a piston cylinder 13-1, a piston 13-2 and a pushing member 13-3 that cooperate with each other , or, each group of the hydraulic piston assemblies includes a piston cylinder and a pushing piston that cooperate with each other; the piston, the pushing member or the pushing piston is pushed by the hydraulic fluid along the
  • the high-passability steering executive sub-section pushes radially against the well wall, and the resultant force generated by the multiple groups of piston assemblies respectively pushing against the well wall along the radial direction causes the drill bit to deflect.
  • the electric actuator 25 is used to drive the hydraulic diverter 24 to dispense fluid to the hydraulic piston assembly, and to controllably distribute hydraulic fluid to each hydraulic piston assembly, so as to achieve the purpose of controlling the hydraulic pressure state of each piston cylinder; it should be noted that , the source of the hydraulic force can be the power fluid provided by the hydraulic power system, or the drilling working fluid in the main channel.
  • the motor includes a motor stator 25-1 and a motor rotor 25-2, the motor rotor 25-2 is coupled with the hydraulic diverter spool 24-2, that is, the motor rotor 25-2 can drive the hydraulic pressure.
  • the diverter spool 24-2 rotates.
  • the hydraulic diverter 24 includes a valve housing 24-1 and a valve core 24-2.
  • the valve housing at least includes a high-pressure inflow window and a plurality of liquid supply windows.
  • the through-structure is connected; as shown in Fig. 8, as a more advantageous option, the valve core is arranged at the end of the high-throughput guide execution sub-section 1, and is located at the multiple sets of the hydraulic piston assemblies 13 away from the high-throughput transmission One side of sub array 2.
  • the length of the bearing structure 10 can be shortened to the maximum extent, which is beneficial for the controllable trajectory lateral drilling tool to pass through the short-very short-radius well section with higher curvature.
  • the several liquid supply windows correspond to several hydraulic piston assemblies one-to-one, and are communicated with the piston cylinders in the several hydraulic piston assemblies;
  • the liquid end and the liquid supply end 37, the liquid inlet end can be communicated with the through structure in the bearing structure, the liquid supply end can be communicated with the flow passages leading to each group of hydraulic piston assemblies, along with the valve core
  • the rotation of the pump can alternately connect and cut off the pressure communication between each of the high-pressure inflow windows and the liquid supply window leading to each hydraulic piston assembly, and alternately supply the hydraulic piston assembly with the high-pressure drilling working fluid; during the steering process
  • the liquid supply end 37 on the spool of the hydraulic diverter faces the opposite direction of the guiding direction, and all the parts in the sector in the opposite direction of the guiding direction are
  • the piston hydraulic piston assembly provides high-pressure fluid, and the equivalent flow area of the liquid supply flow channel on the valve core and the liquid supply flow channel leading to the hydraulic piston assembly is greater than the equivalent flow area of the bypass throttling structure 36
  • the piston assemblies of each group are periodically pushed against the well wall along the radial direction of the high-throughput steering execution sub 1 under the action of the hydraulic diverter, and 3 to 4 groups of hydraulic piston assemblies are respectively pushed along the guide to execute the short joint 1.
  • the resultant force generated by the radial thrust of the segment against the well wall deflects the drill bit 3 .
  • the push piston described in the text includes a piston structure and a plunger structure. If a piston or a plunger structure is used to directly push the well wall, there is no need for an independent push member, that is, the hydraulic pressure in the piston cylinder is used. Push the push-up piston directly, so that the push-up piston pushes against the well wall to transmit thrust.
  • the piston cylinder communicates with the hydraulic flow divider 24 through the high-pressure flow channel 35 .
  • the second combination of hydraulic diverter and electric actuator As shown in FIG. 9 , the electric actuator 25 is a plurality of electromagnets 25-3 corresponding to each hydraulic piston assembly one-to-one, and the hydraulic diverter 24 is a plurality of electromagnets 25-3.
  • a two-position two-way valve 24-3 corresponding to the electromagnet one-to-one, the electromagnet and the two-position two-way valve form a solenoid valve to periodically provide high-pressure drilling fluid for each hydraulic piston assembly.
  • the electromagnet is electrically connected to the control module 15 and drives the two-position two-way valve under the control of the control module to realize the opening/closing of the first passage 16-1 and the second passage 16-2.
  • the first passage 16-1 is connected to the hydraulic piston.
  • the components 13 communicate with each other, and the second passage 16-2 communicates with the through structure. When the electromagnet opens the passage of the valve, the high-pressure drilling fluid in the through structure can be periodically communicated with the hydraulic piston assembly 13,
  • the control module 15 opens the passage of the two-position two-way valve corresponding to the driving hydraulic cylinder 131, so that the high-pressure fluid in the main passage flows into the hydraulic piston assembly 13 through the two-position two-way valve, so that the inside and outside of the piston is A large pressure difference is generated, and the steering thrust is generated by the driving piston pushing against the well wall; correspondingly, the two-position two-way valve corresponding to the driving hydraulic cylinder 131 on the other side is in a closed state, and the driving hydraulic pressure in the area where the guiding direction is located is in the closed state.
  • the drilling fluid in the cylinder 131 is discharged from the piston through the throttling structure 36 without generating thrust.
  • the drilling fluid in the main channel is periodically distributed to each driving hydraulic cylinder 131 by the solenoid valve 143 under the control of the control module 15 along with the rotation of the drill string, and each driving hydraulic cylinder 131 is pushed against the well wall along its radial direction to generate The resultant force deflects the drill bit 3 to achieve the purpose of changing the trajectory of the wellbore.
  • the third combination of hydraulic diverter and electric actuator is a number of reciprocating motors corresponding to each hydraulic piston assembly one by one, and the hydraulic diverter 24 is a number of reciprocating motors corresponding to each other.
  • the electromagnet and the two-position two-way valve form a solenoid valve to periodically provide high-pressure drilling fluid for each hydraulic piston assembly.
  • the motor capable of reciprocating operation converts the rotary motion of the motor into the reciprocating motion capable of driving the action of the two-position two-way valve through the lead screw or the rack and pinion, and realizes the control of the action of the two-position two-way valve.
  • the two-position two-way valve acts as a hydraulic diverter under the control of the control module to realize the opening/closing between the first passage 16-1 and the second passage 16-2.
  • the high-passability guide execution sub 1 further includes the measuring device 12 , and the measuring device 12 is arranged inside the bearing structure 10 .
  • the controllable trajectory lateral drilling tool also includes a control module 15, the control module contains at least one control chip, and the sector where the steering direction is located is based on the high edge angle of the drill bit tool face measured by the attitude measurement module.
  • the hydraulic control chip is used for calculation and setting.
  • the resolver 26 , the motor stator 25 - 1 is fixedly connected to the bearing structure 10 , and the motor stator 25 - 1 is electrically connected to the motor drive circuit 15 .
  • a power supply sub-section 5 is also provided behind the high-passability transmission sub-section array 2, and the power supply sub-section 5 includes a battery and an underground generator. Electrical connection is adopted between the guide execution sub-sections 1 to realize power supply for the electric actuator 25 in the high-passage guide execution sub-section 1 .
  • a straightening device 28 is also included.
  • One end of the straightening device is coaxially connected to the high-passability guide execution sub-section, and the other end of the straightening device is connected to the high-passability transmission short section array.
  • the straightening device can elastically connect the high-passability guide execution sub-section 1 with the high-passibility transmission sub-section array 2 connected behind it, so that the high-passability guide-execution sub-section 1 is connected to the high-passibility transmission sub-section behind it.
  • Array 2 has a tendency to maintain on-axis characteristics.
  • a force transmission rib 14 is provided on the outer side of the bearing structure 10 , and the force transmission rib 14 may be a spoon-shaped structure.
  • the force transmission rib 14 is hingedly connected to the bearing structure 10 through the inner hinge structure 8 .
  • the force transmission rib is the pusher 13-3, the piston pushes against the rib, drives the rib to swing toward the well wall centered on the inner hinge structure 8, and transmits the thrust to the well wall through the force transmission rib.
  • the cylindrical wall of the bearing structure 10 is provided with a drill hole, and the drill hole is the piston cylinder 13-1.
  • a hydraulic piston assembly 13 may be provided on the bearing structure 10, or the bearing structure 10 itself may be provided with a hydraulic piston assembly 13.
  • the piston cylinder 13-1 is formed by drilling holes on the cylindrical wall structure of the cylinder, the piston 13-2 is arranged in the piston cylinder, and the piston moves in the movable gap between the force transmission rib 14 and the bearing mechanism 10.
  • a measurement device 12 capable of measuring a near-bit attitude is provided in the high-throughput steering execution subsection, and the measurement device includes an acceleration sensor and/or a magnetic sensor and/or a gyroscope. As a more preferred option, the measurement device includes at least a triaxial acceleration sensor and a triaxial magnetic sensor. The inclination angle, azimuth angle and tool face angle of the high passability guide execution sub can be measured.
  • the distance f between the hydraulic piston assembly and the front end surface of the drill bit is greater than the distance j between the hydraulic piston assembly and the frontmost hinge structure; the front end surface of the drill bit reaches The distance g of the frontmost hinge structure is not more than 4 times the diameter h of the drill bit; the length k of the diameter-gauge section of the drill bit is not less than 10% of the diameter of the drill bit, which is used to limit the axis of the drill bit to be consistent with the axis of the wellbore, There is a reasonable gap between the bearing body 10 and the well wall, so as to provide the necessary space for the hydraulic piston assembly 13 to stretch and push the well wall; it should be noted that the frontmost hinge structure is the high passability The most forward deflection point in the lateral drilling section, which can be the deflection point between the high-throughput steering execution sub 1 and the high-throughput transmission sub array 2, that is, the most forward gimbal Section
  • the present invention provides a controllable trajectory lateral drilling method, which includes the following steps, as shown in Figure 4 and Figure 5:
  • Step 1 Short-very short radius whipstock tools include flexible drill pipes and high build-up drill bits.
  • the conventional drill string is used to drive the high build-up drill bits through a certain length of flexible drill bars to provide the oblique force and WOB provided by the whipstock.
  • the lateral drilling of the short-extremely short radius well section d is completed under the action of the flexible drill pipe and the length of the high deflection bit is not less than the length of the short-extremely short radius well section;
  • Step 2 Pull out the flexible drill pipe and high deflection bit, run the controllable trajectory lateral drilling tool to pass through the short-very short radius well section d, and then complete the drilling of the extended well section.
  • the deflector can be used in the autonomous wellbore. Support the controllable trajectory lateral drilling tool in c;
  • the present invention provides a method for lateral drilling with variable azimuth controllable trajectory, which comprises the following steps:
  • Step 1 Taking this example as an example, the inclination angle of the main wellbore window is ⁇ and the azimuth is north, then the inclined plane is lowered into the designed window position and the inclined plane faces north, and then anchored. Slanter. Make the window milling bit to mill the window to the north of the main wellbore.
  • the short-to-extremely short radius deflection tool includes the flexible drill pipe and the high deflection drill bit, and the conventional drill string is used to drive the deflection through a certain length of the flexible drill pipe.
  • the high deflection drill bit completes the lateral drilling of the extremely short radius well section to the north angle until it is close to the horizontal state.
  • the azimuth direction of the very short-radius build-up section is consistent with the azimuth direction of the main wellbore and faces north. It should be noted that, in general, starting from the opening of the window, when the short-very short-radius wellbore is in a nearly horizontal position in the target layer.
  • Step 3 As shown in Figure 7, the flexible drill pipe and the high deflection bit are pulled out from the wellbore, run into the controllable trajectory lateral drilling tool and pass through the short-very short-radius well section, and then complete the extension During drilling of the well section, the deflector can support the controllable trajectory lateral drilling tool in the main wellbore. During the drilling of the extended well section, the azimuth angle of the extended well section is gradually changed until the design azimuth angle ⁇ .
  • the very short-radius build-up section is the very-short-radius well section, and the short-very-short-radius build-up section is the short-very-short-radius well section.
  • the main wellbore implements window sidetracking in the well section where the inclination and azimuth change at the same time
  • the main wellbore pointed out by the window is used to build a cylindrical coordinate system, and the full angle change rate is the largest.
  • Windowing was implemented in the direction of 100°C, and further drilling was completed in short to extreme radii. Further, the drilling of the extended well section is completed, and in the process of drilling the extended well section, the direction of the extended well section is gradually moved closer to the design direction of the extended well section.
  • window milling, short-extremely short radius well section drilling and extended well section drilling are divided into three trips and trips. Any two or three of the drilling operation in the radius well section and the drilling operation in the extended well section can be combined into one drilling operation, which are all within the protection scope of the present invention.
  • the rotation in the present invention refers to the rotation around its axis
  • the deflection in the present invention means that the axis itself bends or deviates from the original axis position under the push of the guiding device.
  • the high-passability guide execution sub-sections described in the present invention not only refer to the high-passability-guided-execution sub-sections of the specific structure described in the embodiments of the present patent, but any other principles that can achieve the implementation of the present invention
  • the device capable of performing the guiding function according to the size and function requirements can be equivalently replaced with the high-passability guiding execution subsection of the specific structure described in the embodiment.
  • 11 to 16 and the reference numerals therein are schematic diagrams of the structure of the short-radius drilling tool provided by the present invention and the structure of the application state.
  • the downhole tools that can provide drilling in a rotating state have rotary steering technology, and the general rotary steerable deflection ability is about 6°/30 meters.
  • the shortest radius directional steering system currently used by Schlumberger can only reach 15 °/30m, up to 18°/30m in small boreholes.
  • the radius of build-up curvature is generally required to be between 10 meters and 60 meters.
  • the radius of build-up curvature is generally required to be within 10 meters.
  • the present invention provides a short-radius drilling tool, which can achieve short-ultra-short radius wellbore 300 drilling, and/or, by A short-ultra-short radius wellbore 300 completes the drilling of its extended wellbore 300, the short radius drilling tool includes a steerable drilling sub 100, a drive drill string 200, and a drive control sub, wherein:
  • the pilot drilling sub-section 100 includes a pilot sub-section 120 and a drill bit 110, the pilot sub-section 120 includes a bearing body 121,
  • the bearing body 121 is cylindrical, and the length of the bearing body 121 is less than 1.5 meters, so as to be suitable for the curvature of the wellbore 300 of the ultra-short radius branch well.
  • the drill bit 110 is connected to the lower end of the bearing body 121, and the deflection guide mechanism 130 can drive the drill bit 110 to deflect in a preset direction, so as to drive the drill bit 110 to deflect under the condition of rotation, thereby changing the trajectory of the wellbore 300, thereby achieving a short build-up rate;
  • the driving drill string 200 includes a plurality of load-bearing sub-sections 210 connected in sequence from top to bottom.
  • the length of the load-bearing sub-sections 210 is less than 1.2 meters, located at
  • the lowermost short bearing joint 210 is connected to the bearing body 121 , and between two adjacent bearing short joints 210 and between the bearing short joint 210 and the bearing body 121 are hinged through the drilling pressure torque deflection transmission mechanism 220 , that is, the driving drill.
  • the column 200 has a hinged structure, and the WOB torque deflection transmission mechanism 220 can transmit the power of the rotary drilling and propel and drive the drill string 200;
  • the drive control sub can be hinged with the guide sub 120 and the lowermost bearing sub 210 through the WOB torque deflection transmission mechanism 220, or the drive control sub can be connected to any phase through the WOB torque deflection transmission mechanism 220.
  • the driving control sub-section can be connected to the upper end of the driving drill string 200 through the weight-on-bit torque deflection transmission mechanism 220, that is, the electric drive actuator driving control circuit 230 is arranged behind the bearing body 121, It is suitable for accommodating the electric drive actuator drive control circuit that has a large space requirement and a high heat dissipation requirement, and this arrangement is beneficial to reduce the length of the carrying body 121 to the maximum extent, so as to improve the short-radius drilling tool.
  • the passability of the electric drive actuator is also conducive to shock absorption of the drive control circuit of the electric drive actuator.
  • the length of the drive control subsection is less than 1.5 meters; the electric drive actuator drive control circuit 230 is provided on the drive control subsection.
  • the drive actuator drive control circuit 230 is electrically connected to the electric drive actuator 140 through a jumper line 240, and the jumper line 240 can cross the weight-on-bit torque deflection transmission mechanism 220, so that the electric drive actuator 140 disposed in the bearing body 121 is connected to the electric drive actuator 140.
  • the electrical connection is realized by the electric drive actuator drive control circuit 230 disposed in the carrying short section 210 .
  • a pressure-bearing structure is provided inside the drive control sub-section, and a sealed chamber is generally formed by a pressure-bearing body 281 and a pressure-bearing sleeve 282 .
  • the electric drive actuator drives the control circuit 230 arranged in the sealed cabin.
  • the deflection steering mechanism 130 can drive the drill bit 110 to deflect in a preset direction under the condition of rotation, so as to change the trajectory of the wellbore 300, thereby realizing a short build-up rate;
  • the electric drive actuator drive control circuit 230 containing a large number of power devices and requiring heat dissipation space is arranged in the drive control sub-section behind the carrier body 121, so that only the deflection guide mechanism 130 and the electric drive actuator 140 remain in the guide sub-section 120, thereby The length of the steering sub-section 120 is effectively shortened, so that it is easier to realize the directional function in the high-curvature wellbore 300 .
  • the deflection guide mechanism 130 includes at least three groups of driving hydraulic cylinders 131 arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction of the bearing body 121 , preferably, the driving hydraulic cylinders 131 are arranged at equal intervals,
  • the driving hydraulic cylinder 131 includes a piston cylinder 1311 connected to the cylindrical wall of the bearing body 121 and a driving piston 1312 arranged in the piston cylinder 1311.
  • the driving piston 1312 can move along the radial direction of the bearing body 121, and the driving piston 1312 can abut against In the wellbore, the drill bit 110 is deflected in a preset direction by the telescopic actuation of the driving piston 1312.
  • each driving piston 1312 by adjusting the telescopic amount of each driving piston 1312, the thrust exerted by each driving piston 1312 on the wellbore wall can be adjusted, and the wellbore will pass the driving piston 1312.
  • the reaction force acts on the bearing body 121 , so that the bearing body 121 drives the drill bit 110 to deflect a certain angle relative to the well wall, thereby changing the trajectory of the wellbore 300 .
  • the driving hydraulic cylinder 131 the purpose and significance of using the driving hydraulic cylinder 131 is that the hydraulic force can be pushed against the well wall with a relatively flexible and relatively constant pressure, and it can run stably within a certain range of wellbore curvature without being stuck.
  • the shape of the driving piston 1312 and the piston cylinder 1311 is not necessarily a standard cylindrical shape, and the driving piston 1312 can be a piston structure, a plunger structure and any equivalent alternatives; the driving piston 1312 and A metal seal, rubber seal or O-ring seal can be used between the piston cylinders 1311 to facilitate the telescopic function of the driving piston 1312. shape, square or slot shape, etc.
  • a pushing member 1313 is connected to the driving piston 1312 , and the driving piston 1312 abuts against the well wall through the pushing member 1313 .
  • the short radius drilling tool further includes a strapdown attitude measurement module 270 and a steering control circuit 250.
  • the strapdown attitude measurement module 270 is fixedly arranged in the short radius drilling tool.
  • the strapdown attitude measurement The module 270 is fixedly arranged on the carrying body 121, and is used to measure the gravity tool face angle and/or the magnetic tool face angle of the short-radius drilling tool downhole.
  • the steering control circuit 250 is electrically connected to the strapdown attitude measurement module 270 and the electric drive actuator drive control circuit 230, and the steering control circuit 250 controls the electric drive according to the measured gravitational tool face angle and/or magnetic tool face angle
  • the actuator 140 executes the command action, and further drives the deflection guide mechanism 130 to drive the drill bit 110 to deflect toward the guide direction.
  • the deflection guide mechanism 130 is fixedly arranged on the bearing body 121 , and the bearing body 121 is respectively fixedly connected with the drill bit 110 and the driving drill string 200 , so that the driving drill string 200 can transmit the weight-on-bit torque through the bearing body 121 of the steering short joint 120
  • the deflection steering mechanism 130 is fully rotated with the driving drill string 200, so as to better clean the wellbore 300 and prevent dragging the WOB, so that the short-radius drilling tool can realize the steering function under the full rotation condition.
  • the electric drive actuator drive control circuit 230 at least includes a switch tube bearing circuit board 231 arranged in a ring and a switch tube driver bearing circuit board 232 arranged in a ring shape, and the switch tube bears the circuit board 231 and the switch tube driver carrying circuit board 232 are both arranged in the cylindrical carrying short section 210, the switch tube carrying circuit board 231 is provided with a switch tube, and the switch tube driver carrying circuit board 232 is provided with a switch tube driver, and the switch tube Electrically connected to the switch driver, such a structure can compress the axial length of the electric drive actuator drive control circuit 230 to the shortest, so as to improve the passability of the short bearing section 210 .
  • the switch tube is used to drive the stator coil of the motor to generate a sine wave or square wave to drive the motor to rotate; when the electric drive actuator 140 is an electromagnet, the switch tube is used to drive the electromagnet The current conduction state of the coil.
  • the short-radius drilling tool further includes a steering control circuit 250.
  • the steering control circuit 250 is electrically connected to the electric drive actuator drive control circuit 230, and the steering control circuit 250 is used to drive the control circuit 230 through the electric drive actuator.
  • the electric drive actuator 140 is driven to work so that the piston cylinder 1311 in the sector facing away from the guide direction is brought into contact with the high pressure fluid in the inner flow channel of the carrier body 121 of the guide sub 120 .
  • the short-radius drilling device further includes a power supply sub-section 260, and the power supply sub-section 260 is connected in series to any position in the driving drill string 200, or the power supply sub-section 260 is connected to the upper end of the driving drill string 200, The power sub 260 is used to power the short radius drilling tool.
  • the strapdown attitude measurement module 270 is fixedly connected to the carrying body 121, and the strapdown attitude measurement module 270 includes at least one accelerometer, the accelerometer measures the well inclination, and the accelerometer’s
  • the included angle between the installation direction and the axial direction of the bearing body 121 is between 0° and 60°.
  • the strapdown attitude measurement module 270 also includes at least one magnetometer, the magnetometer is used to measure the magnetic azimuth angle near the drill bit 110, and the bearing body 121 is a bearing body 121 made of a non-magnetic material to avoid the magnetic force interference.
  • the drill bit 110 is a drill bit 110 made of non-magnetic material, which can better avoid interference to the magnetometer.
  • At least one of the switch tube driver bearing circuit board 232, the guide control circuit 250 and the strapdown attitude measurement module 270 is manufactured by a thick-film circuit process, so as to minimize the occupied space and minimize the location of each circuit. Bearing the axial length of the short section 210, the purpose of maximizing the passability of the short-radius drilling tool is achieved.
  • the weight-on-bit torque deflection transmission mechanism 220 includes a transmission universal joint 221 and a fixed sleeve 222 sleeved on the outside of the transmission universal joint 221, and there is a gap between the fixed sleeve 222 and the transmission universal joint 221 to form a deflection space,
  • the transmission universal joint 221 can be deflected by 0° to 15° relative to the axis of the fixed sleeve 222 in the deflection space.
  • the fixed sleeve 222 limits the deflection angle of the transmission universal joint 221, which can prevent the pressure-on-bit torque deflection transmission mechanism 220 from drilling Excessive buckling in the process of pressure torque transmission hinders the WOB torque transmission, so that the WOB torque can be transmitted smoothly.
  • the transmission universal joint 221 is provided with a through structure, and a flow pipe 223 for circulating the drilling circulating medium is arranged in the through structure.
  • the transmission universal joint 221 may be a cross shaft universal joint capable of transmitting axial force, or may be a combination of any universal joint and a spherical joint.
  • the drive control sub-joint and the guide sub-joint are hinged by the WOB torque deflection transmission mechanism and/or the drive control sub-joint and the bearing sub are hinged by the WOB torque deflection transmission mechanism.
  • the weight-on-bit torque deflection transmission mechanism includes at least one transmission universal joint capable of transmitting axial force.
  • a transmission universal joint capable of transmitting axial force.
  • a cross shaft universal joint or any combination of a universal joint and a spherical joint.
  • a transmission lever 111 is coaxially connected to the upper end of the drill bit 110 .
  • the transmission lever 111 is cylindrical, and the transmission lever 111 is inserted through the inside of the bearing body 121 .
  • the transmission lever 111 and the drill bit 110 One-piece structure, or, the transmission lever 111 is welded and connected to the upper end of the drill bit 110 , the transmission lever 111 is connected to the lower part of the bearing body 121 through the controllable universal joint 112 , and a movable joint is formed between the transmission lever 111 and the bearing body 121 clearance, the deflection guide mechanism 130 is arranged in the movable clearance and is located above the controllable universal joint 112, the driving piston 1312 can abut with the well wall through the transmission lever 111, and the expansion and contraction of the driving piston 1312 can drive the transmission lever 111 around the controllable universal joint. Rotate toward the center of the segment 112, thereby driving the drill bit 110 to deflect in a preset direction to
  • the length of the upper lever arm of the transmission lever 111 is at least 30% of the distance between the controllable universal joint 112 and the weight-on-bit torque deflection transmission mechanism 220 adjacent above it, so as to make full use of the space extension of the bearing body 121
  • the upper lever arm enables the drill bit 110 to obtain as much steering force as possible;
  • the length of the lower lever arm of the transmission lever 111 is less than 50% of the distance between the controllable universal joint 112 and the weight-on-bit torque deflection transmission mechanism 220 adjacent to it, so as to reduce the torque or vibration of the drill bit 110 to the transmission lever 111 as much as possible. interference, in order to maximize the stability of the guiding process.
  • the length c of the upper lever arm of the transmission lever 111 is the distance from the controllable universal joint 112 to the point where the deflection guide mechanism 130 applies force to the transmission lever, and the length b of the lower lever arm is the distance between the lower end face of the drill bit 110 and the controllable universal joint 112 the distance.
  • the distance d between the deflection guide mechanism 130 and the upper end of the drill bit 110 is at least 50% of the distance a between the upper end of the drill bit 110 and the adjacent controllable universal joint 112 above it, so that the bearing body 121 can move toward the drill bit. 110 to apply sufficient lateral force.
  • the driving hydraulic cylinder 131 is arranged below the weight-on-bit torque deflection transmission mechanism 220 connected to the bearing body 121 , and the distance between the setting position of the driving hydraulic cylinder 131 and the drill bit 110 is smaller than that between the driving hydraulic cylinder 131 and the bearing The distance between the weight-on-bit torque deflection transmission mechanisms 220 connected to the main body 121, so that the action point of the pushing force is closer to the drill bit 110 and away from the turning point, so as to drive the drill bit 110 to deflect in the guiding direction;
  • the electric drive actuator 140 includes a rotary valve 141 and a driving motor 142.
  • the carrying body 121 is provided with a through flow channel 1211.
  • the rotary valve 141 can make the through flow channel 1211 communicate with the driving hydraulic cylinder 131 periodically, so that the driving piston 1312 can As the drill string rotates against the well wall periodically, the reaction force of the well wall on the bearing body 121 of the steering sub 120 toward the preset steering direction is obtained, thereby driving the drill bit 110 to deflect in the steering direction, and the driving motor 142 and the electric drive
  • the actuator drive control circuit 230 is electrically connected, and the operation of the motor is controlled by the electric drive actuator drive control circuit 230;
  • the rotary valve 141 includes a rotary valve rotor 1411 and a rotary valve stator 1412, the rotary valve stator 1412 is fixedly connected with the bearing body 121, and the rotary valve stator 1412 is provided with a plurality of valve positions corresponding to the driving hydraulic cylinders 131 one-to-one, and the driving
  • the motor 142 includes a driving motor rotor 1421 and a driving motor stator 1422, the driving motor stator 1422 is fixedly connected with the bearing body 121, the rotary valve rotor 1411 and the driving motor rotor 1421 are coupled to each other, and the driving motor rotor 1421 can drive the rotary valve rotor 1411 to rotate the valve relative to each other.
  • the stator 1412 rotates so that each valve position on the rotary valve stator 1412 periodically supplies high-pressure drilling fluid to the corresponding driving hydraulic cylinders 131 , so that the driving piston 1312 periodically generates thrust.
  • the preset steering direction may be preset before the tool goes into the well or preset through the pressure change or flow change of the mud during the drilling process to transmit the signal;
  • Through the through flow channel 1211 of the carrying body 121 it enters the drill bit 110 and then flows into the annulus.
  • the drill bit 110 or the flow channel between the drill bit 110 and the rotary valve 141 is provided with a nozzle or other throttling device 1212 that can generate a throttling pressure drop.
  • a pressure drop will be generated, and the pressure drop is the working pressure difference of the driving hydraulic cylinder 131 .
  • the periodic communication means that the communication between the through flow channel and the driving hydraulic cylinder changes periodically with the rotation of the short-radius drilling tool, so as to ensure that the driving hydraulic cylinder in a specific sector obtains hydraulic pressure to drive the hydraulic cylinder.
  • the transmission lever drives the drill bit to deflect toward the guiding direction.
  • the mutual coupling refers to a connection method that can ensure the synchronous rotation of the rotor of the driving motor and the rotor of the rotary valve, including but not limited to plugging.
  • the driving hydraulic cylinder 131 is arranged below the weight-on-bit torque deflection transmission mechanism 220 connected to the bearing body 121 , and the distance between the setting position of the driving hydraulic cylinder 131 and the drill bit 110 is smaller than that of the driving hydraulic cylinder 131 The distance to the weight-on-bit torque deflection transmission mechanism 220 connected with the bearing body 121, so that the action point of the pushing force is closer to the drill bit 110 and away from the turning point, so as to drive the drill bit 110 to deflect in the guiding direction;
  • the electric drive actuator 140 includes a rotary valve 141 and a driving motor 142 , the carrying body 121 is provided with a through flow channel 1211 , the rotary valve 141 can be periodically communicated with the driving hydraulic cylinder 131 through the through flow channel 1211 , and the driving motor 142 is connected to the electric drive
  • the actuator drive control circuit 230 is electrically connected;
  • the electrically-driven actuator 140 includes a plurality of solenoid valves 143 corresponding to each driving hydraulic cylinder 131 one-to-one, each solenoid valve 143 is electrically connected to the electrically-driven actuator drive control circuit 230, and the solenoid valve 143 is a two-position two-way solenoid
  • the valve 143, the solenoid valve 143 has a first passage 1431 and a second passage 1432, the first passage 1431 is communicated with the driving hydraulic cylinder 131, and the second passage 1432 is communicated with the through flow passage 1211.
  • the solenoid valve 143 can connect the flow passage to the driving hydraulic cylinder 131.
  • the hydraulic cylinder 131 communicates periodically.
  • the electric drive actuator drive control circuit 230 opens the passage of the two-position two-way valve corresponding to the drive hydraulic cylinder 131 in the sector opposite to the guiding direction, so that the high-pressure fluid in the water hole is
  • the solenoid valve 143 flows into the piston cylinder 1311, causing a large pressure difference between the inside and outside of the driving hydraulic cylinder 131, and then pushing the driving piston 1312 against the well wall to generate a steering thrust;
  • the two-position two-way valve corresponding to the driving hydraulic cylinder 131 is in the closed state, and the drilling fluid of the driving hydraulic cylinder 131 in the area where the steering direction is located is discharged from the piston through the throttling device 1212, and no thrust is generated, so the drilling fluid in the water hole follows the
  • the rotation of the drill string is periodically distributed to each driving hydraulic cylinder 131 by the solenoid valve 143 under the control of the electric driving actuator 140 control circuit, and the resultant force generated by each driving hydraulic cylinder 131 pushing against the well wall along its radial direction
  • the preset method of the preset steering direction may be preset before the tool goes downhole or preset through the downlink signal of the pressure change or flow change of the mud during the drilling process; use a motor or other methods to independently drive the valve to achieve the first
  • the opening/closing between the passage 1431 and the second passage 1432 belongs to the equivalent replacement of the solenoid valve 143 of the present invention, and falls within the protection scope of the present invention.
  • the drilling rig is set in the mine, and the main wellbore is a directional well, and the directional well extends from the mine to the formation.
  • the drilling rig is used to drive the drilling power transmission section, and the drilling power transmission section drives the drill bit to rotate through the high-passage lateral drilling section.
  • the controllable trajectory lateral drilling tool can achieve the drilling of its extended well section through the laterally extended short-very short radius well section of the main wellbore.
  • the short-radius drilling tool in Scheme 4 is provided with a deflection and steering mechanism, so that the deflection and steering mechanism can drive the drill bit to deflect in a preset direction under the condition of rotation, so as to change the wellbore trajectory, thereby realizing a short build-up rate;
  • the drive control circuit of the electric drive actuator which contains a large number of power devices and requires heat dissipation space, in the drive control sub-section behind the carrier body, only the deflection guide mechanism and the electric-drive actuator remain in the guide sub-section, thereby effectively shortening the The length of the steerable sub, which in turn makes it easier to implement directional functions in high-curvature wellbores.

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Abstract

一种短半径钻井工具、可控轨迹侧向钻井工具及方法，可控轨迹侧向钻井工具包括高通过性侧向钻井区段（b）和钻井动力传递区段（a），高通过性侧向钻井区段（b）能够通过自主井眼（c）侧向延伸的短-极短半径井段（d）实现短-极短半径井段（d）的延伸井段（e）的钻探。可控轨迹侧向钻井工具使井眼可以自原有井眼轨迹末端或中间任意位置以短-极短半径造斜钻进继而沿侧向延伸钻进，对薄储层开发、剩余油挖潜、盐下储层水平井开发、多层系合并开发、煤层气开发、煤矿地下气化开发、非常规油气开发、浅层水平井钻井、海底浅层水平井钻井以及其他种类矿物的开发具有工程可行性和实用价值。

Description

短半径钻井工具、可控轨迹侧向钻井工具及方法
相关申请
本申请要求专利申请号为202110076907.6、申请日为2021.01.20、发明名称为“一种可控轨迹侧向钻井工具及方法”的中国发明专利的优先权；
同时要求专利申请号为202110075355.7、申请日为2021.01.20、发明名称为“一种高稳定性可控轨迹柔性钻井工具及方法”的中国发明专利的优先权；
同时要求专利申请号为202011119606.9、申请日为2020.10.19、发明名称为“一种可控轨迹侧向钻井工具及方法”的中国发明专利的优先权；
同时要求专利申请号为202011358655.8、申请日为2020.11.27、发明名称为“短半径钻井工具”的中国发明专利的优先权。
技术领域
本发明涉及钻探技术和油气开采领域，尤其是一种短半径钻井工具、可控轨迹侧向钻井工具及方法。
背景技术
开采成本的控制一直以来都是石油天然气钻探所追求的目标，随着非常规油气田的开发等对钻井装备的要求越来越高，自动化、智能化的高效钻井技术已成为降低成本，提高效率主流；此外，钻探技术在地质工程领域、矿产开发领域也有大量的应用。
本技术的应用背景在于，在既有的主井眼中任意位置以短-极短半径侧钻分支井，继而在与主井眼井轴不同的方向继续延伸分支井眼或在既有的井眼的末端通过短-极短半径造斜技术使井眼超向与主井的眼井轴不同的方向延伸；一般而言，短半径的范围是10～60米。本发明将米级范围定义为极短半径的尺度范围，可以理解为极短半径井的造斜段转弯半径小于10米。
目前采用连续油管传输弯接头螺杆马达可实现中短半径可控轨迹侧钻钻井，但定向方式为滑动导向，整个钻柱不作旋转运动，由钻井循环介质驱动螺杆带动钻头做旋转运动，并通过弯接头工具面角的变化来改变钻具的井斜和方位性能，存在定向作业期间钻具不旋转、无法完成短半径定向钻井作业等限制，井眼轨迹精度差；且由于连续油管具 有不可旋转、强度低等先天劣势，管柱容易破损和断裂，不适合承担高扭矩，所钻井眼直径过小，无法达到油气藏开发对油气井导流能力的基本需求，故几乎无法胜任短半径侧向钻井，在超短半径和极短半径侧向钻井的范畴内更无法工作。
另外一种可实现短-极短半径侧向钻井的方法是通过柔性钻杆驱动钻头钻进实现短-极短半径侧向钻井，即采用单节长度小于1.5米的短钻杆串联为柔性钻柱，短钻杆之间依靠球头和球碗传拉力，依靠在球头和球碗间设置的花键传递扭矩，通过所述柔性钻柱驱动底部的钻头旋转实现破岩；该方法可以依靠斜向器的造斜作用实现短-极短半径侧钻，然而进一步的井眼延伸过程中无法实现井眼轨迹控制并取得具有一定精度的井眼轨迹，井眼屈曲严重，阻碍钻头的钻进，且扭曲不可控的经验轨迹也难以达到现场需求。
另外，很多油气藏、或者需要流化开采的固体矿藏的开发需要大量用到钻井技术，甚至于水平井钻探技术。由于现有的定向钻井技术无法实现短半径转向，难于开发超薄储层；或在盖层中难于造斜但进入储层后又需要大曲率转向的定向井；或尽可能大限度的实现分支钻井；或在浅部地层实现大角度转弯，或通过在已有井眼中侧钻分支井以实现井旁储量的动用。现有技术中，通常采用带有弯接头的螺杆钻具钻分支井的方式实现井旁储量的动用。已有资料表明，现有的螺杆钻具定向钻井技术以及其他定向钻井技术无法超过15°/30米的造斜率。综上所述，井眼曲率太大，现有的可控轨迹的定向井技术无法实现；井眼曲率太小，导致造斜段太长，处于转弯状态的井段会产生大量的无效进尺，经济效益差且增加了施工井段的作业难度。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种短半径钻井工具、可控轨迹侧向钻井工具及方法，用于通过主井眼底部或任意其他位置侧向钻出的短-极短半径井段，使其继续向侧向钻进，以实现可控轨迹的延伸。
本发明的上述目的可采用下列技术方案来实现：
本发明提供一种可控轨迹侧向钻井工具，包括高通过性侧向钻井区段和钻井动力传递区段，所述高通过性侧向钻井区段能够通过自主井眼侧向延伸的短-极短半径井段实现所述短-极短半径井段的延伸井段的钻探，所述高通过性侧向钻井区段自前至后依次包括钻头、高通过性导向执行短节以及高通过性传动短节阵列；所述高通过性传动短节阵列由若干个用于承担扭矩的传动短节构成，所述传动短节能够为所述钻头传递旋转钻进的动力，且相邻的所述传动短节之间预设有偏转极限；所述高通过性传动短节阵列沿 其自身轴线方向设有贯通结构，所述贯通结构形成供钻井循环介质流通的主流道。
本发明提供一种可控轨迹侧向钻井方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤一：短-极短半径造斜工具包括柔性钻杆和高造斜钻头，利用常规钻柱通过一段特定长度的所述柔性钻杆驱动所述高造斜钻头在斜向器提供的斜向力以及钻压的作用下完成短-极短半径井段的侧向钻进，所述柔性钻杆和所述高造斜钻头的长度不小于短-极短半径井段的长度；步骤二：起出柔性钻杆及高造斜钻头，下入所述可控轨迹侧向钻井工具以通过所述短-极短半径井段，继而完成延伸井段的钻探，斜向器能够在自主井眼内对所述可控轨迹侧向钻井工具进行支撑，所述高通过性侧向钻井区段的长度大于所述短-极短半径井段的长度与所述延伸井段的井眼长度总和。
本发明提供一种变方位可控轨迹侧向钻井方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤一：下入斜向器，使斜向器的造斜面朝向主井眼的方位角方向。使钻头可以朝向主井眼方位角方向在实现开窗作业；步骤二：通过柔性钻杆驱动高造斜钻头沿着主井眼的方位角方向完成短-极短半径井段的侧向钻进至预先设计的井斜角；所述短-极短半径造斜段的方位角方向与主井眼方位角方向大体一致；步骤三：进行延伸井段的钻探作业过程中改变所述延伸井段的方位角，使延伸井段的方位角逐步达到钻井设计要求。
本发明提供一种短半径钻井工具，所述短半径钻井工具包括：导向钻进短节，其包括钻头和导向短节，所述导向短节包括承载本体，所述承载本体上设置有偏转导向机构和电驱动执行器，所述钻头连接于所述承载本体的下端，所述偏转导向机构能驱动所述钻头按预设方向偏转；驱动钻柱，其包括多个由上至下依次连接的承载短节，位于最下方的所述承载短节与所述承载本体相接，且相邻两所述承载短节之间以及所述承载短节与所述承载本体之间均通过钻压扭矩偏转传递机构相铰接；驱动控制短节，其设有电驱动执行器驱动控制电路，所述电驱动执行器驱动控制电路通过跨接线路与所述电驱动执行器电连接，所述驱动控制短节连接于所述导向钻进短节与所述驱动钻柱之间，或者，所述驱动控制短节连接于所述驱动钻柱中任意位置，或者，所述驱动控制短节连接于所述驱动钻柱的上端；所述承载短节的长度小于1.2m。
本发明的特点及优点是：
1.本发明装置中，通过高通过性传动短节阵列实现短半径钻柱旋转条件下的定向钻井，有效解决短-极短半径井的井眼延伸问题，对短半径定向钻井技术对多层系油气资源的合并开发、薄油气层的开发、剩余油挖潜、煤层气开发和其他种类矿物的开发具有工程可行性和实用价值。
2.本发明装置中，通过布设有经传动节电气线路的高通过性传动短节阵列实现超短半径井眼内的钻压扭矩传输以及通讯，利用经传动节电气线路与中继通讯装置电连接，通过所述通讯装置实现井下近钻头电气装置与井口间的信息接力传递，使高通过性导向执行短节不需要完成远距离通讯的任务，转而将远距离通讯的任务由中继通讯短节来完成，大幅缩减了各个偏转点之间的间距。由于中继通讯短节一般为泥浆脉冲器，需要占用大量空间，因此本发明的好处在于降低钻井过程中的遇阻风险，解决中继通讯短节的长度限制问题；且高通过性传动短节阵列中的各个传动短节的长度有着苛刻的限制，因此近钻头电气装置不宜包含可实现远距离通讯的装置；本发明装置在可控钻压扭矩传递短接阵列需要依靠长距离的钻杆与井口连接的情形下，通过中继通讯装置实现接力通讯，使得包括电器执行器、伽马测量模块在内的近钻头电气装置可以在受到限制得尺寸空间环境下，跨越若干传动短节与所述中继通讯装置实现近距离通讯，进一步的，所述中继通讯装置以更强的能量实现中继位置到井口远距离通讯，最终实现包括测量电路在内的近钻头电气装置至井口处的通讯，实现跨越短-极短半径井段完成可控轨迹侧向钻井；通过经传动短节电气线路，有效分散了各个短接的功能，使得高通过性导向执行短节实现导向功能，负责电力供应和负责对井口通讯的短节不进入短-极短半径井段，使任何一个短节内部只具备系统的单一功能，达到了大幅度缩减任意短节长度及体积的目的，提高高通过性传动短节阵列的动力传输稳定性和电气线路安全性，便于仪器适应更高曲率的井眼，并完成短半径井眼的造斜任务，通过由限制转动偏转角度的传动短节形成的阵列实现短半径井段中的钻压扭矩传递和旋转动力传递，实现跨越短-极短半径井段完成可控轨迹侧向钻井。
3.本发明通过将中继通讯装置设置于高通过性传动短节阵列的输入端可解决如下几点阻碍所述可控轨迹侧向钻井工具及其高通过性传动短节阵列发挥作用的瓶颈问题，由于中继通讯装置一般含有泥浆脉冲器，会产生较强的压力脉冲，进而使得柔性贯通承压流管遭到水击压力的破坏，因此将中继通讯装置设置于高通过性传动短节阵列的输入端，即用于跨越常规钻杆形成的钻柱实现对井口端的通讯的所述中继通讯装置需要设置于高通过性传动短节阵列的后方(钻头所指方向为前)；由于旋转钻井过程会使得钻柱在旋转钻井过程中与井壁发生频繁磕碰，钻压扭矩传递节的低刚度特性会加剧钻柱振动的烈度和瞬时剧烈撞击发生的频率，所述强烈的振动可达10～50倍重力加速度，所述瞬时撞击可达到100～500倍重力加速度；因此，为有效保证中继通讯装置与井口端的通讯质量，以及中继通讯装置中的电子器件的稳定性，将中继通讯装置的设置于高通过性传动 短节阵列的输入端具对提升工具安全性和稳定性有极大的好处；由于钻压扭矩传递阵列的任何一个偏转点均为所述可控轨迹侧向钻井工具的相对薄弱环节，因此将中继通讯装置设置于高通过性传动短节阵列的输入端对减小工具的落井损失有着极大和好处。
4.由于高通过性导向执行短节的工作原理限制，所述高通过性导向执行短节依靠液压活塞抵推井壁实现导向，所述高通过性传动短节阵列会严重损害所述高通过性导向执行短节工作的稳定性；为液压活塞的有效和稳定的工作，本发明创新性的通过保直装置维护了高通过性导向执行短节的同轴特性，减少了高通过性传动短节阵列屈曲导致的高通过性导向执行短节问题，继而为液压活塞提供了良好稳定的工作环境；此外，保直装置可以抑制高通过性传动短节阵列后方的高通过性传动短节阵列在井眼内发生剧烈震动、产生撞击力、破坏井壁。
5.采用厚膜电路工艺制作测量电路的好处在于，可以最大限度的缩小测量电路的尺寸，并且提高测量电路的抗振性能。
6.在使用本发明所述可控轨迹侧向钻井工具进行超短半径分支井眼钻探过程中，所述可控轨迹侧向钻井工具由锚定导引装置引入窗口，井口处的钻探设备施加钻压并驱动常规钻柱旋转，进而驱动高通过性传动短节阵列旋转，并同时可通过导向执行短节驱动钻头偏转，实现钻井轨迹的反馈调整功能。在这种作业环境下，套管壁上的窗口非常容易造成工具遇卡，因此本发明中将供电短节和/或中继通讯装置设置于高通过性传动短节阵列的后方，即可在短半径分支井作业期间避免过多的仪器设备进入所述窗口，大幅度降低了工具遇卡的可能。
7.本发明装置中，通过限制所述高通过性传动短节阵列中相邻的万向节之间的距离小于钻头直径的5倍，可以减小每一铰接点之间的距离，在所述高通过性传动短节阵列发生振动时，每个铰接点两端都不会形成过长的力臂，以导致铰接处折断；高通过性传动短节阵列的相邻传动短节之间的极限偏转角不大于8°，这里的极限偏转角是钻压扭矩传递动力传递短节转角的机械结构极限，以防止高通过性传动短节阵列中的传动短节在钻压扭矩传递过程中过度屈曲，进而妨碍钻压扭矩传递，以及防止损害经传动节电气线路；所述钻头至所述高通过性传动短节阵列的输出端转动中心的距离不超过1.5米；或者说，所述高通过性传动短节阵列中任意两个所述传动短节的偏转中心之间的最小距离不得超过1米，以便于钻头到最上端的传动短节间的区段可以达到足够的曲率以完成短半径井钻探，最大限度实现造斜；此外，在同样的造斜性能条件下，或者同样的高曲率井眼通过性的条件下，缩短每一节传动短节的长度，即缩短两个偏转点之间的距离， 就可以缩小每一个偏转点的偏转极限。以达到保护传动短节不受到损害并减小井下振动的作用，尤其是保护传动短节中用于传递旋转钻井动力的万向节不受到损害。本发明中，针对前置活塞的高通过性导向执行短节，和后置活塞的高通过性导向执行短节这两种情形，均对其铰接点、液压活塞组件、钻头之间的相对位置及直径进行了限定，已满足高曲率井眼对工具的通过性要求。
8.如上所述，通过后置活塞推靠装置的设计可以最大限度的充分利用高通过性导向执行短节的空间，使高通过性导向执行短节的长度最小化。本发明中通过一系列具体尺寸的限制保障了高通过性导向执行短节可以很好的实现导向功能。
9.对于本发明涉及的钻井工艺流程中，通过所述柔性钻杆驱动所述高造斜钻头完成造斜井段的钻进，继而通过本发明所述的可控轨迹侧向钻井工具实现延伸井段的钻井，分别利用现有的柔性钻杆和高造斜钻头实现短-极短工具造斜钻具组合(例如CN1464170A中所述的短-极短半径钻井工艺)，利用其易造斜特点实现造斜，完成短-极短半径井眼的钻探。继而利用本发明所述的可控轨迹侧向钻井工具可实现旋转条件下导向的特点分别完成短-极端半径造斜井段和延伸井段，避免单独采用任意钻具组合无法同时实现极短半径高造斜和井眼轨迹延伸的问题。即本发明的主要好处在于，可以在已有的预设短-极短半径井段的基础上继续钻探，并且实现可控轨迹的延伸井眼的钻探。这样，对于高通过性导向执行短节的造斜能力要求大幅度降低。
10.对于延伸井段的设计方位角与主井眼的方位角不一致时，本发明提出了可变方位的两段式可控轨迹侧向钻井方法，本发明巧妙的分别利用短-极短工具造斜组合的易造斜特点沿着主井眼的方位角方向实现短-极端半径钻井，可以最大限度的以最短的进尺完成短-极短半径井段，继而利用可控轨迹侧向钻井工具可实现旋转钻井条件下导向的特点实现延伸井段的井眼方位改变。避免单独采用任意钻具组合无法同时实现极短半径高造斜和井眼轨迹延伸的问题。
11.本发明的短半径钻井工具，通过设置偏转导向机构，使得在旋转的条件下偏转导向机构能驱动钻头按预设方向偏转，以改变井眼轨迹，从而实现短-极短半径定向钻井或通过所述短-极短半径井段完成其延伸井段的定向钻探；通过将含有大量功率器件且需要散热空间的电驱动执行器驱动控制电路设置于承载本体后方的驱动控制短节内，使得导向短节内仅保留偏转导向机构和电驱动执行器，从而有效缩短了导向短节的长度，进而更容易在高曲率井眼里实现定向功能。
12.本发明选用电驱动执行器为驱动液压缸分配贯通流道中钻井循环介质，以实现向 特定方向的导向，可以最大限度的节约导向过程所需额能量，对缩小机械结构和电路的体积起到至关重要的作用。
13.所述捷联式姿态测量模块可以不依赖惯性平台实现所述短半径钻井工具的姿态测量，消除了惯性平台占用的大量空间和带来的隐患。有助于所述短半径钻井工具承载本体或承载短节的小型化。
14.对所述导向控制电路与所述电驱动执行器驱动控制电路均设置于所述电驱动执行器驱动控制短节的内部的好处在于，使导向控制电路可以更加迅速敏捷通过PWM信号控制开关管驱动器，进一步的通过开关管驱动器驱动开关管实现对电驱动执行器的控制，大幅度降低了控制链路中的可能发生的干扰。开关管可以是IGBT(绝缘栅双极型晶体管)或MOSFET(绝缘栅型场效应管)等。
附图说明
以下附图仅旨在于对本发明做示意性说明和解释，并不限定本发明的范围。其中：
图1为一种可控轨迹侧向钻井工具的整体结构示意图；
图2为高通过性导向执行短节示意图；
图3为一种可控轨迹侧向钻井工具中传动短节的局部示意图；
图4为一种可控轨迹侧向钻井工具在延伸井段钻井作业示意图；
图5为一种可控轨迹侧向钻井工具在造斜井段钻进作业示意图；
图6为一种可控轨迹侧向钻井方法铅锤面投影示意图；
图7为一种可控轨迹侧向钻井方法水平面投影示意图；
图8为一种基于内铰接结构的侧向钻井工具局部示意图；
图9为高通过性导向执行短节的详细设计示意图；
图10为一种导向执行短节的设计示意图；
图11为本发明的短半径钻井工具的第一种结构示意图；
图12为本发明的短半径钻井工具的第二种结构示意图；
图13为本发明的短半径钻井工具的第三种结构示意图；
图14为图13中的A部放大结构示意图；
图15为本发明的短半径钻井工具处于工作状态时的示意图；
图16为驱动控制短节的截面结构示意图。
具体实施方式
为了对本发明的技术特征、目的和效果有更加清楚的理解，现对照附图说明本发明的具体实施方式。在本发明的描述中，除非另有说明，“多个”的含义是两个或两个以上。
图1-图10及其中的附图标号，为本发明提供的可控轨迹侧向钻井工具的结构及其应用状态的结构的示意图。
方案一
请参阅附图1-5，本发明提供一种技术方案：一种可控轨迹侧向钻井工具，其包括高通过性侧向钻井区段b和钻井动力传递区段a，其中，高通过性侧向钻井区段b能够通过自主井眼c侧向延伸的短-极短半径井段d实现短-极短半径井段d的延伸井段e的钻探，高通过性侧向钻井区段b自前至后依次包括钻头3、高通过性导向执行短节1以及高通过性传动短节阵列2，高通过性传动短节阵列2由若干个用于承担扭矩的传动短节20构成，传动短节20能够为钻头3传递旋转钻进的动力，且相邻的传动短节20之间具有预设偏转极限角度，预设偏转极限角度设为0.5°～8°；具体的，所述钻井动力传递区段a包括一定长度的钻柱，用于在主井眼内传递钻井动力；需要说明的是，用于在主井眼中传递旋转动力的钻柱可以是任意类型的钻柱，不做特殊要求和限定，所述传递钻井动力的方式可以是直接驱动所述高通过性侧向钻井区段b旋转，也可以是通过传送高压泥浆或者电力在井底通过马达驱动所述高通过性侧向钻井区段b旋转。
高通过性传动短节阵列2沿其轴线方向延伸有贯通结构，贯通结构形成供钻井循环介质流通的主流道，其目的在于实现铰接结构的钻井循环介质流通；本发明的优势在于，可实现可控传动节阵列在短半径井眼中以旋转状态导向，这种条件下，由于可控传动节阵列在定向钻井过程中大体上是旋转的，因此摩擦力的主要力的分量为万向节21阵列的圆周切线方向，大幅度降低了轴向的摩擦力，使得超短半径井眼中的轨迹控制得以实现，所述可控轨迹侧向钻井工具可钻杆的短-极短半径井段d的长度总和不超过所述钻头3和所述高通过性传动短节阵列2长度总和。
本实施例中，所述万向节21是通过设置于球头18和球窝19中的传动销22和扭矩传递槽23实现扭矩传递的。例如图3所示，所述球头18外侧设置有扭矩传递槽23，所述传动销22固定设置于球窝19内侧，所述传动销嵌在所述扭矩传递槽23中，以实现扭矩的传递。所述万向节还可以是任意形式的万向节，所述用于传递扭矩的结构也可以是传动销、球、槽、齿等任意能满足扭矩传递要求的结构。例如，球头与球窝间也可依 靠键槽、齿槽相互咬合的方式传递扭矩。
本实施例中，高通过性侧向钻井区段b和钻井动力传递区段a之间设有中继通讯装置4，中继讯通装置4的一端电连接位于高通过性传动短节阵列2内的电气线路7，中继通讯装置4的另一端能够与井口端进行远距离通讯；具体的，通过中继通讯装置4实现了地面装置或人员对所述高通过性导向执行短节1的导向功能和姿态实现监控，更好的实现了可控轨迹的功能。
本实施例中，每个传动短节20的内部设有至少一个用于可变角度的实现旋转钻井动力传递万向节21，高通过性传动短节阵列2中相邻的万向节21之间的距离小于1米；具体的，所述传动短节20内部设置的万向节21为等速万向节，以实现动力传递，其好处在于，所述高通过性传动短节阵列2的输入端在其上方钻具的驱动下可以保持稳定的转速，所述高通过性传动短节阵列2中的各个传动短节20依靠等速万向节21传递动力可以保证所述高通过性传动短节阵列2的输出端但是非等速万向节的动力输入端和动力输出端的转速不一致问题，预防了所述高通过性传动短节阵列2的输出端转速波动对高通过性导向执行短节1的导向精度造成不良影响。
高通过性传动短节阵列2中相邻的传动短节20偏转中心之间的最小距离小于钻头3直径的5倍；一般情况下，所述高通过性传动短节阵列2中的各个万向节21间距在0.4米以内。用于使所述高通过性导向执行短节可通过短-极短半径井段，继而完成所述短-极短半径井段的延伸井段的钻探；对高通过性传动短节阵列中的各个万向节间的距离进行限制的目的在于防止高通过性传动短节阵列中的传动短节在钻压扭矩传递过程中过度屈曲，进而妨碍钻压扭矩传递，以及防止高通过性传动短节阵列2过度屈曲对高通过性导向执行短节控制井眼轨迹行为的干扰；需要说明的是，所述可控轨迹侧向钻井工具在钻探短半径在钻探所述延伸井段的过程中，所述高通过性传动短节阵列中总有存在一小段区段处于短-极短半径井段中，因此相邻传动短节之间的预设偏转极限角度过大则会使钻具过度屈曲，影响高通过性导向执行装置控制井眼轨迹，而预设偏转极限角度过小，则会导致无法顺畅的通过短-极短半径井段，通常，为进一步增加钻压扭矩传递的稳定性，以及提升旋转钻井的动力传递效率，各个所述传动短节20之间的偏转角度应当控制在3°以内。
本实施例中，高通过性导向执行短节1内设有测量装置12，测量装置12包括地层信息测量模块，地层信息测量模块中至少包含伽马传感器，伽马传感器固定设置于任意传动短节20的内部，且伽马传感器与中继通讯装置4之间采用电性连接，以便于测量 装置12将测得的地层信息经由中继通讯装置4传递给地面显示设备。
本实施例中，高通过性导向执行短节1包括内部贯通的承载结构10，液压分流器24、电气执行器25以及若干组液压活塞组件13，若干组液压活塞组件13沿高通过性导向执行短节1的圆周方向固定连接于高通过性导向执行短节1的承载结构10上；
电气执行器25能够驱动液压分流器24为液压活塞组件13配液，并向各个液压活塞组件13可控的分配液压流体，从而控制各个液压活塞组件13受液压力状态；需要说明的是，液压的力的来源可以是液压动力系统，或者主流道中的钻井工作流体。在本实施例中，所述压力源于主流道与井眼环空之间的压力差，钻井循环介质从主流道经过钻头上设置的钻头水眼流入井眼环空的过程会产生较大的压降，这个压降即为驱动活塞所需的压力。
本实施例中，所述高通过性导向执行短节至少包括内部贯通的承载结构10、3～4组液压活塞组件13、液压分流器24和电气执行器25，3～4组所述液压活塞组件沿所述高通过性导向执行短节的圆周方向均匀布置，固定连接于呈筒状结构的高通过性导向执行短节承载结构10的筒壁中，所述液压分流器24设置于所述承载结构10内部；
本发明中所述的液压分流器24的功能在于将高压钻井液周期性分配给液压活塞组件的装置，任意形式的液压分流器均在本发明的保护范围内。
所述电气执行器25仅用于驱动液压分流器24执行动作，任意形式的电气执行器25均在本发明的保护范围内。
下面列举三种液压分流器与电气执行器的组合。
第一种液压分流器与电气执行器的组合：如图2、图8所示，每组所述液压活塞组件包括相互配合的活塞缸13-1、活塞13-2和推靠件13-3，或，每组所述液压活塞组件包括相互配合的活塞缸、推靠活塞；所述活塞、推靠件或推靠活塞，在液压分流器24的配液作用下受到液压流体的推动沿所述高通过性导向执行短节的径向推靠井壁，多组活塞组件分别沿其径向推靠井壁产生的合力使所述钻头发生偏转。
所述电气执行器25用于驱动所述液压分流器24为液压活塞组件配液，向各个液压活塞组件可控的分配液压流体，达到控制各个活塞缸受液压力状态的目的；需要说明的是，所述液压的力的来源可以是液压动力系统提供的动力液，也可以是主流道中的钻井工作流体。所述电动机包括电动机定子25-1和电动机转子25-2，所述电动机转子25-2与所述液压分流器阀芯24-2耦接，即所述电动机转子25-2可以驱动所述液压分流器阀芯24-2旋转。所述液压分流器24包括阀壳24-1和阀芯24-2，所述阀壳上至少包含一个 高压入流窗口和若干个供液窗口，所述高压入流窗口与所述承载结构10中的贯通结构连通；如图8，作为更具优势的选择，所述阀芯设置于所述高通过性导向执行短节1的端部，且位于多组所述液压活塞组件13远离高通过性传动短节阵列2的一侧。可以最大限度的缩短承载结构10的长度，有利于所述可控轨迹侧向钻井工具通过曲率更高的短-极短半径井段。
所述若干个供液窗口与若干个液压活塞组件一一对应，且与若干个液压活塞组件中的活塞缸连通；所述阀芯上设置有供液流道，所述供液端至少包含进液端和供液端37，所述进液端可与所述承载结构中的贯通结构连通，所述供液端可与通往各组液压活塞组件的流道连通，随着所述阀芯的旋转可以交替连通和切断各个所述高压入流窗口与所述通往各个液压活塞组件的供液窗口间的压力连通，与使高压钻井工作流体交替为所述液压活塞组件供液；在导向过程中，所述液压分流器在所述电气执行器的驱动下，使液压分流器阀芯上的供液端37朝向导向方向的反方向，所述处于导向方向反方向的所在扇区内的所述活塞液压活塞组件提供高压流体，所述阀芯上的供液流道以及通往液压活塞组件的供液流道的当量过流面积大于所述旁通节流结构36的当量过流面积，因此所述液压活塞组件中的活塞回沿径向驱动推靠件抵推井壁，反之，所述处于导向方向的液压活塞组件中的活塞缸中的流体从旁通节流结构36排出；所述导向方向所在扇区是指不超过导向方向±90°的范围。所述各组活塞组件在液压分流器的作用下周期性的推动沿所述高通过性导向执行短节1的径向推靠井壁，3～4组液压活塞组件分别沿所述导向执行短节的径向推靠井壁产生的合力使所述钻头3发生偏转。需要说明的是，文中所述的推靠活塞包括活塞结构和柱塞结构，若采用活塞或柱塞结构直接抵推井壁，则不需要独立的推靠件，即利用活塞缸内的液压力直接推动推靠活塞，使推靠活塞抵推井壁传递推力。本实施例中，所述活塞缸通过高压流道35与所述液压分流器24相连通。
第二种液压分流器与电气执行器的组合：如图9所示，电气执行器25为多个分别与各液压活塞组件一一对应的若干个电磁铁25-3，液压分流器24为多个与电磁铁一一对应的二位二通阀24-3，所述电磁铁与二位二通阀形成电磁阀为各个液压活塞组件周期性的提供高压钻井液。
电磁铁与控制模块15电连接并在控制模块的控制下驱动二位二通阀实现其第一通路16-1和第二通路16-2的开/合，第一通路16-1与液压活塞组件13相连通，第二通路16-2与贯通结构相连通。电磁铁打开阀的通路时能将贯通结构中的高压钻井液与液压活塞组件13周期性连通，
具体的，控制模块15打开驱动液压缸131所对应的二位二通阀的通路，使主流道内的高压流体通过二位二通阀流进所述液压活塞组件13内，使所述活塞的内外产生较大压差，进而通过驱动活塞推靠井壁产生导向推力；对应的，与处于另外一侧的驱动液压缸131对应的二位二通阀处于关闭状态，处于导向方向所在区的驱动液压缸131的钻井液经过节流结构36排出活塞，不产生推力。故所述主流道内钻井液随着钻柱的旋转被电磁阀143在控制模块15的控制下周期性的分配给各个驱动液压缸131，各个驱动液压缸131分别沿其径向推靠井壁产生的合力使钻头3发生偏转，以达到改变井眼轨迹的目的。
第三种液压分流器与电气执行器的组合：电气执行器25为若干个分别与各液压活塞组件一一对应的能往复运转的电动机，液压分流器24为与若干能往复运转的电动机一一对应的二位二通阀24-3，所述电磁铁与二位二通阀形成电磁阀为各个液压活塞组件周期性的提供高压钻井液。
所述能往复运转的电动机通过丝杠或齿轮齿条将电动机的旋转运动转化为能驱动二位二通阀动作的往复运动，及实现对二位二通阀的动作进行控制。二位二通阀作为液压分流器在控制模块的控制作用下执行动作，实现第一通路16-1和第二通路16-2之间的开/闭。其具体导向方式与前述内容一致，在此不在赘述。
由于本发明解决的问题在于实现短-极短半径导向钻井以及继续钻探延伸井眼，采用任何方式对电气执行器和液压分流器进行同等替代，均在本发明的保护范围内。例如US2008/068100(PCT WO 2009/002996 A1)中所述的通过电磁铁和阀实现导向的方式均可作为本专利中电气执行器和液压分流器的同等替代。
所述高通过性导向执行短节1还包括所述测量装置12，所述测量装置12设置于所述承载结构10内部。
所述可控轨迹侧向钻井工具还包括控制模块15，所述控制模块中至少含有一块控制芯片，所述导向方向所在扇区根据所述姿态测量模块测得的钻头工具面高边角在所述液压控制芯片进行计算设定。旋转变压器26，所述电动机定子25-1与所述承载结构10固定连接，所述电动机定子25-1与所述电机驱动电路15电连接。
本实施例中，位于高通过性传动短节阵列2的后方还设有电力供应短节5，电力供应短节5包括电池和井下发电机，电力供应短节5通过电气线路7与高通过性导向执行短节1之间采用电连接，以实现为高通过性导向执行短节1中的电气执行器25供电。
本实施例中，还包括保直装置28，所述保直装置的一端与所述高通过性导向执行短 节同轴连接，所述保直装置的另外一端连接于所述高通过性传动短节阵列。所述保直装置能够使高通过性导向执行短节1与其后方连接的高通过性传动短节阵列2进行弹性连接，使高通过性导向执行短节1与其后方连接的高通过性传动短节阵列2具有了保持同轴特性的趋势。
根据附图8，本实施例中，承载结构10外侧设置有传力肋翼14，所述传力肋翼14可以是勺形结构。所述传力肋翼14与承载结构10通过内铰接结构8铰接连接。传力肋翼即为推靠件13-3，活塞抵推肋翼，驱动肋翼以内铰接结构8为中心向井壁摆动，并通过所述传力肋翼将推力传递给井壁。承载结构10的筒壁上设置有钻孔，所述钻孔极为活塞缸13-1，在任意一个实施例中，均可以在承载结构10上设置液压活塞组件13，或者通过在承载机构10自身的筒壁结构上钻孔的方式形成活塞缸13-1，所述活塞13-2设置于活塞缸内，所述活塞在传力肋翼14和承载机构10之间的活动间隙内活动。
所述高通过性导向执行短节内设有可测量近钻头姿态的测量装置12，所述测量装置包括加速度传感器和/或磁传感器和/或陀螺仪。作为更优的选择，所述测量装置至少包括三轴加速度传感器和三轴磁传感器。能测量所述高通过性导向执行短节的倾斜角、方位角以及工具面角。
为了提高导向效果以及导向的灵活性，如图10所示，所述液压活塞组件距离钻头前端面的距离f大于所述液压活塞组件距离最前方的铰接结构的距离j；所述钻头前端面至所述最前方的铰接结构的距离g不超过钻头直径h的4倍；所述钻头保径段的长度k不少于钻头直径的10％,用于限制钻头的轴线与井眼轴线保持一致，使所述承载本体10与井壁存在合理的间隙，为液压活塞组件13的伸缩和抵推井壁提供必要的活动空间；需要说明的是，所述最前方的铰接结构为所述高通过性侧向钻井区段中的最靠前方的偏转点，所述偏转点可以是高通过性导向执行短节1与高通过性传动短节阵列2之间的偏转点，即最前方的万向节21。
方案二
本发明提供一种可控轨迹侧向钻井方法，其包括以下步骤，如图4、图5所示：
步骤一：短-极短半径造斜工具包括柔性钻杆和高造斜钻头，利用常规钻柱通过一段特定长度的柔性钻杆驱动高造斜钻头在斜向器提供的斜向力以及钻压的作用下完成短-极短半径井段d的侧向钻进，柔性钻杆和高造斜钻头的长度不小于短-极短半径井段的长度；
步骤二：起出柔性钻杆及高造斜钻头，下入可控轨迹侧向钻井工具以通过短-极短 半径井段d，继而完成延伸井段的钻探，斜向器能够在自主井眼c内对可控轨迹侧向钻井工具进行支撑；
方案三
本发明中的另外一种情形，即当主井眼为斜井且主井眼的方位角与所述分支井眼的方位角不同时。本发明提供一种变方位可控轨迹侧向钻井方法，其包括以下步骤：
步骤一：以本实施例为例，主井眼开窗层位处的井斜角为θ，方位角为北，则将斜向器下入设计开窗位置后将斜面面向北方，继而锚定斜向器。使开窗磨铣钻头向主井眼北方磨铣窗口。
步骤二：如图6所示，本实施例中，短-极短半径造斜工具包括所述柔性钻杆和高造斜钻头，利用常规钻柱通过一段特定长度的所述柔性钻杆驱动所述高造斜钻头在斜向器提供的斜向力和/或钻压的作用下向北方角完成极短半径井段的侧向钻进直至接近水平的状态。所述极短半径造斜段的方位角方向与主井眼方位角方向一致朝向北方。需要说明的是，一般情况下，自开窗处起始，当所述短-极短半径井眼在目的层位处于接近水平的位置。
步骤三：如图7所示，从井眼内起出柔性钻杆及高造斜钻头，下入所述可控轨迹侧向钻井工具并通过所述短-极短半径井段，继而完成延伸井段的钻探，斜向器能够在主井眼内对所述可控轨迹侧向钻井工具进行支撑。钻探延伸井段的过程中，逐步改变延伸井段的方位角直至设计方位角β。
极短半径造斜段即为极短半径井段，短-极短半径造斜段即为短-极短半径井段。
需要说明的是，在有些特殊情况，当主井眼在井斜和方位同时变化的井段实施开窗侧钻，则以开窗点出的主井眼建柱面坐标系，取全角变化率最大的方向实施开窗，并进一步的完成短至极端半径钻井。进一步的，再完成延伸井段钻探，在钻探延伸井段过程中，使延伸井段的方向逐步向延伸井段的设计方向靠拢。
需要说明的是，在所述短-极短半径造斜工具侧钻短-极短半径井段之前，往往需要先行下入所述斜向器，所述斜向器一般与锚定器固定连接，锚定器通过卡瓦卡住主井眼中的套管内壁或与主井眼井壁实现固定，将导引器斜面朝向特定方向固定，下入磨铣钻头进行开窗磨铣窗口，该过程为现有技术，因此此处不再赘述。此外，为便于理解，因此本发明实施例中将开窗磨铣、短-极短半径井段钻井和延伸井段钻井分为三趟起下钻施工，开窗磨铣作业、短-极短半径井段钻井作业和延伸井段钻井作业中的任何两者或三者均可合并为一趟钻作业，均在本发明的保护范围内。
需要注意的是，本发明中所述的旋转是指绕其轴线的进行的转动，本发明所述的偏转指导向装置的推动下其轴线本身产生弯曲或偏离原来的轴线位置。
需要注意的是，本发明中所述的高通过性导向执行短节不仅指本专利实施例中所述的特定结构的高通过性导向执行短节，以任何其他原理的能达到本发明所述尺寸、功能要求的能执行导向功能的装置均可与实施例中所述的特定结构的所述高通过性导向执行短节做等价替代。
方案四
图11-图16及其中的附图标号，为本发明提供的短半径钻井工具的结构及其应用状态的结构的示意图。
目前，可在旋转状态下提供钻井的井下工具有旋转导向技术，一般的旋转导向造斜能力在6°/30米左右，目前使用的斯伦贝谢公司的最短半径定向导向系统仅能达到15°/30米，在小井眼中最多也不超过18°/30米。然而在短-超短半径钻井领域中，造斜曲率半径要求一般在10米～60米之间，在超短半径钻井领域中，造斜曲率半径要求一般在10米以内。由于目前使用的旋转导向系统先天性的无法被弯折，几乎不可能适应短半径钻井实际需求，并且无法在旋转钻井条件下实现转弯半径在60米以内的短-超短半径定向钻井。现有技术中的其他有关产品也均存在无法在旋转钻井条件下实现井眼轨迹控制的功能，导致严重的拖钻压问题。
为了解决上述问题，如图11、图12、图13和图15所示，本发明提供了一种短半径钻井工具，其能实现短-超短半径井眼300钻进，和/或，通过短-超短半径井眼300完成其延伸井眼300的钻探，该短半径钻井工具包括导向钻进短节100、驱动钻柱200和驱动控制短节，其中：
导向钻进短节100包括导向短节120和钻头110，导向短节120包括承载本体121，
承载本体121呈筒状，承载本体121的长度小于1.5米，以适用超短半径分支井的井眼300曲率，承载本体121上设置有用于执行导向功能的偏转导向机构130和电驱动执行器140，钻头110连接于承载本体121的下端，偏转导向机构130能驱动钻头110按预设方向偏转，以在旋转的条件下驱动钻头110偏转，从而改变井眼300轨迹，进而实现短造斜率；
驱动钻柱200包括多个由上至下依次连接的承载短节210，为了更好的适用超短半径分支井的井眼300曲率，较佳的，承载短节210的长度小于1.2米，位于最下方的承载短节210与承载本体121相接，且相邻两承载短节210之间以及承载短节210与承载 本体121之间均通过钻压扭矩偏转传递机构220相铰接，即驱动钻柱200呈铰链式结构，钻压扭矩偏转传递机构220能够传递旋转钻井的动力以及推进驱动钻柱200；
驱动控制短节可以通过钻压扭矩偏转传递机构220分别与导向短节120和位于最下方的承载短节210相铰接，或者，驱动控制短节可以通过钻压扭矩偏转传递机构220连接于任意相邻两承载短节210之间，或者，驱动控制短节可以通过钻压扭矩偏转传递机构220连接于驱动钻柱200的上端，即电驱动执行器驱动控制电路230设置于承载本体121的后方，以适用于容置对空间需求较大以及对散热要求较高的电驱动执行器驱动控制电路，并且这样的排布方式，既有利于承载本体121最大限度的缩减长度，以提高短半径钻井工具的通过性，又有利于对电驱动执行器驱动控制电路进行减震，较佳的，驱动控制短节的长度小于1.5米；驱动控制短节上设有电驱动执行器驱动控制电路230，电驱动执行器驱动控制电路230通过跨接线路240与电驱动执行器140电连接，跨接线路240能跨越钻压扭矩偏转传递机构220，以使设置于承载本体121中的电驱动执行器140与设置于承载短节210中的电驱动执行器驱动控制电路230实现电连接。
需要说明的是，如图16所示，驱动控制短节内部设置有承压结构，一般是由承压本体281和承压套筒282构形成密封舱室，所述电驱动执行器驱动控制电路230设置于所述密封舱室内。
本发明的短半径钻井工具，通过设置偏转导向机构130，使得在旋转的条件下偏转导向机构130能驱动钻头110按预设方向偏转，以改变井眼300轨迹，从而实现短造斜率；通过将含有大量功率器件且需要散热空间的电驱动执行器驱动控制电路230设置于承载本体121后方的驱动控制短节内，使得导向短节120内仅保留偏转导向机构130和电驱动执行器140，从而有效缩短了导向短节120的长度，进而更容易在高曲率井眼300里实现定向功能。
进一步，如图11、图12和图13所示，偏转导向机构130包括至少三组沿承载本体121的周向间隔设置的驱动液压缸131，较佳的，各驱动液压缸131等间隔设置，驱动液压缸131包括连接于承载本体121的筒壁上的活塞缸1311和设置于活塞缸1311内的驱动活塞1312，驱动活塞1312能沿承载本体121的径向移动，且驱动活塞1312能抵靠井壁，通过驱动活塞1312的伸缩驱动钻头110按预设方向偏转，具体的，通过调节各驱动活塞1312的伸缩量，能够调整各驱动活塞1312向井壁施加的推力，井壁会通过驱动活塞1312将反作用力作用于承载本体121上，以使承载本体121带动钻头110相对于井壁偏转一定角度，从而改变井眼300轨迹。
需要说明的是，采用驱动液压缸131的目的和意义在于，液压力可以以柔性的较为恒定压力推靠井壁，在一定的井眼曲率范围内都可以稳定运行并不至于被卡住。此外，由于井下仪器设计受到空间的限制，因此，驱动活塞1312和活塞缸1311的形状不一定是标准的圆柱形状，驱动活塞1312可以是活塞结构、柱塞结构及任意同等替代；驱动活塞1312和活塞缸1311之间可以采用金属密封、橡胶件密封或O型圈密封等任意有助于驱动活塞1312伸缩功能的密封方式；活塞缸1311和驱动活塞1312的截面形状相适配，其可以是圆形、方形或槽口形等。
进一步，驱动活塞1312上连接有推靠件1313，驱动活塞1312通过推靠件1313与井壁抵接。
进一步，所述短半径钻井工具还包括捷联式姿态测量模块270和导向控制电路250，捷联式姿态测量模块270固定设置于所述短半径钻井工具中，一般而言，捷联式姿态测量模块270固定设置于所述承载本体121，用于在井下测量所述短半径钻井工具的重力工具面角和/或磁工具面角。导向控制电路250与捷联式姿态测量模块270和电驱动执行器驱动控制电路230电连接，所述导向控制电路250根据所述测得的重力工具面角和/或磁工具面角控制电驱动执行器140执行指令动作，进一步驱动偏转导向机构130带动钻头110向导向方向偏转。
进一步，偏转导向机构130固定设置于承载本体121上，承载本体121分别与钻头110和驱动钻柱200固定连接，以使驱动钻柱200可将钻压扭矩经由导向短节120的承载本体121传递给钻头110，使偏转导向机构130随驱动钻柱200全旋转，以便更好的清洁井眼300、防止拖钻压，从而使得短半径钻井工具在全旋转条件下实现导向功能。
进一步，如图16所示，电驱动执行器驱动控制电路230至少包括呈环状排布的开关管承载电路板231和呈环状排布的开关管驱动器承载电路板232，开关管承载电路板231和开关管驱动器承载电路板232均设置于呈筒状的承载短节210内，开关管承载电路板231上设有开关管，开关管驱动器承载电路板232上设有开关管驱动器，开关管与开关驱动器电连接，这样的结构，能够将电驱动执行器驱动控制电路230的轴向长度压缩至最短，以提高该承载短节210的通过性。
需要说明的是，当电驱动执行器140为电动机时，则开关管用于驱动电动机定子线圈产生正弦波或方波以驱动电动机旋转；当电驱动执行器为电磁铁时，开关管用于驱动电磁铁线圈的电流导通状态。
进一步，如图16所示，短半径钻井工具还包括导向控制电路250，导向控制电路 250与电驱动执行器驱动控制电路230电连接，导向控制电路250用于通过电驱动执行器驱动控制电路230驱动电驱动执行器140工作，以使背对导向方向的扇区内的活塞缸1311与导向短节120的承载本体121内部流道中的高压流体接触。
再进一步，如图13所示，短半径钻井装置还包括电源短节260，电源短节260串接于驱动钻柱200中任意位置，或者，电源短节260连接于驱动钻柱200的上端，电源短节260用于为短半径钻井工具供电。
进一步，如图12和图13所示，捷联式姿态测量模块270固定连接于承载本体121上，捷联式姿态测量模块270包括至少一只加速度计，加速度计测量井斜角，加速度计的安装方向与承载本体121的轴线方向的夹角在0～60°之间。
进一步，捷联式姿态测量模块270还包括至少一只磁力计，磁力计用于测量近钻头110处的磁方位角，承载本体121为采用无磁材质制成的承载本体121，以避免对磁力计的干扰。
需要说明的是，钻头110为采用无磁材质制成的钻头110，可以更好的避免对磁力计的干扰。
进一步，开关管驱动器承载电路板232、导向控制电路250和捷联式姿态测量模块270中的至少一个采用厚膜电路工艺制造，以最大限度减小占用的空间，从而最大限度的缩小各个电路所在承载短节210的轴向长度，达到最大限度提高所述短半径钻井工具通过性的目的。
进一步，钻压扭矩偏转传递机构220包括传递万向节221和套设于传递万向节221的外部的固定套筒222，固定套筒222与传递万向节221之间具有间隙形成偏转空间，传递万向节221能在偏转空间内相对固定套筒222的轴线偏转0°～15°，通过固定套筒222限制传递万向节221的偏转角度，能够防止钻压扭矩偏转传递机构220在钻压扭矩传递过程中过度屈曲，妨碍钻压扭矩传递，从而使得钻压扭矩能够顺利传递。
再进一步，传递万向节221设有贯通结构，贯通结构内设有用于流通钻井循环介质的流管223。
需要说明的是，传递万向节221可以是能传递轴向力的十字轴万向节，也可以是任意万向节与球铰的组合。
需要说明的是，驱动控制短节连接与导向短节采用钻压扭矩偏转传递机构相铰接和/或驱动控制短节连接与承载短节采用钻压扭矩偏转传递机构相铰接。此外，钻压扭矩偏转传递机构至少包括一个能传递轴向力的传递万向节。例如十字轴万向节，或者任意万 向节与球铰的组合。
方案四的实施方式一
如图11所示，钻头110的上端同轴连接有传动杠杆111，具体的，传动杠杆111呈筒状，传动杠杆111穿设于承载本体121的内部，较佳的，传动杠杆111与钻头110为一体式结构，或者，传动杠杆111焊接连接于钻头110的上端，传动杠杆111通过可控万向节112与承载本体121的下部相接，且传动杠杆111与承载本体121之间形成有活动间隙，偏转导向机构130设于活动间隙内并位于可控万向节112的上方，驱动活塞1312能通过传动杠杆111与井壁抵接，驱动活塞1312的伸缩能驱动传动杠杆111绕可控万向节112的中心转动，从而带动钻头110按预设方向偏转，以实现导向；
需要说明的是，传动杠杆111的上力臂长度至少为可控万向节112至其上方邻近的钻压扭矩偏转传递机构220之间间距的30％，以能充分利用承载本体121的空间延长上力臂，使钻头110可以获得尽可能多的导向力；
传动杠杆111的下力臂长度小于可控万向节112至其上方邻近的钻压扭矩偏转传递机构220之间间距的50％，以尽可能减缓钻头110扭矩或振动给传动杠杆111带来的干扰，以求最大限度的加强导向过程的稳定性。
其中，传动杠杆111的上力臂长度c为可控万向节112至偏转导向机构130向传动杠杆的施力点的距离，下力臂长度b为钻头110下端面到可控万向节112间的距离。
进一步，偏转导向机构130与钻头110的上端之间的距离d至少为钻头110的上端至其上方邻近的可控万向节112之间的距离a的50％，以使得承载本体121能够向钻头110施加足够的侧向力。
方案四的实施方式二
如图12所示，驱动液压缸131设置于与承载本体121相接的钻压扭矩偏转传递机构220的下方，且驱动液压缸131的设置位置到钻头110的距离小于驱动液压缸131到与承载本体121相接的钻压扭矩偏转传递机构220间的距离，以使推靠力的作用点更接近于钻头110而远离转向点，从而驱使钻头110向导向方向偏转；
电驱动执行器140包括转阀141和驱动电机142，承载本体121上设有贯通流道1211，转阀141能使贯通流道1211与驱动液压缸131周期性相连通，以使驱动活塞1312可以随钻柱旋转周期性的抵靠井壁，从而获得井壁对导向短节120的承载本体121的朝向预设导向方向的反作用力，进而驱使钻头110向导向方向偏转，驱动电机142与电驱动执行器驱动控制电路230电连接，通过电驱动执行器驱动控制电路230控制电机的工作；
进一步，转阀141包括转阀转子1411和转阀定子1412，转阀定子1412与承载本体121固定连接，转阀定子1412设置有多个分别与各驱动液压缸131一一对应的阀位，驱动电机142包括驱动电机转子1421和驱动电机定子1422，驱动电机定子1422与承载本体121固定连接，转阀转子1411与驱动电机转子1421相互耦接，驱动电机转子1421能驱动转阀转子1411相对转阀定子1412旋转，使转阀定子1412上的各阀位向对应的各驱动液压缸131周期性供应高压钻井液，以使驱动活塞1312周期性产生推力。
需要说明的是，预设导向方向的预设方式可以是工具下井前预设或钻井过程中通过泥浆的压力变化或者流量变化下传信号进行预设；来自于钻柱水眼中的钻井液经过流经承载本体121的贯通流道1211进入钻头110内部继而流入环空，钻头110内部或钻头110与转阀141之间的流道中设置有喷嘴或其他可以产生节流压降的节流装置1212，钻井液流经喷嘴或节流结构时，会产生压降，压降即为驱动液压缸131的工作压差，其产生压差的具体过程和原理为本领域常识，此处不在赘述。所述周期性联通指所述贯通流道与所述驱动液压缸的联通性随所述短半径钻井工具的旋转而周期改变，以保证处于特定扇区的驱动液压缸得到液压力，用以驱动所述传动杠杆带动钻头向导向方向偏转。所述相互耦接是指能保证驱动电机转子和转阀转子同步旋转的连接方式，包括但不限于插接。
方案四的实施方式三
如图13和图14所示，驱动液压缸131设置于与承载本体121相接的钻压扭矩偏转传递机构220的下方，且驱动液压缸131的设置位置到钻头110的距离小于驱动液压缸131到与承载本体121相接的钻压扭矩偏转传递机构220间的距离，以使推靠力的作用点更接近于钻头110而远离转向点，从而驱使钻头110向导向方向偏转；
电驱动执行器140包括转阀141和驱动电机142，承载本体121上设有贯通流道1211，转阀141能通过贯通流道1211与驱动液压缸131周期性相连通，驱动电机142与电驱动执行器驱动控制电路230电连接；
进一步，电驱动执行器140包括多个分别与各驱动液压缸131一一对应的电磁阀143，各电磁阀143与电驱动执行器驱动控制电路230电连接，电磁阀143为二位二通电磁阀143，电磁阀143具有第一通路1431和第二通路1432，第一通路1431与驱动液压缸131相连通，第二通路1432与贯通流道1211相连通，电磁阀143能将流道与驱动液压缸131周期性连通，具体的，电驱动执行器驱动控制电路230打开处于与导向方向相反扇区内的驱动液压缸131所对应的二位二通阀的通路，使水眼内的高压流体通过电磁阀143流 进所述活塞缸1311内，使所述驱动液压缸131的内外产生较大压差，进而通过驱动活塞1312推靠井壁产生导向推力；对应的，与处于导向方向所在区的驱动液压缸131对应的二位二通阀处于关闭状态，处于导向方向所在区的驱动液压缸131的钻井液经过节流装置1212排出活塞，不产生推力，故所述水眼内钻井液随着钻柱的旋转被电磁阀143在电驱动执行器140控制电路的控制下周期性的分配给各个驱动液压缸131，各个驱动液压缸131分别沿其径向推靠井壁产生的合力使钻头110发生偏转，以达到改变井眼300轨迹的目的。
需要说明的是，预设导向方向的预设方式可以是工具下井前预设或钻井过程中通过泥浆的压力变化或者流量变化下传信号进行预设；使用电动机或其他方式独立驱动阀实现第一通路1431和第二通路1432之间的开/闭，均属于本发明所述的电磁阀143的同等替换，均在本发明的保护范围内。
需要说明的是，当在矿井条件下使用该技术时，所述钻机设置于矿井内，所述主井眼为定向井，所述定向井自矿井中延申至地层中。所述钻机用于驱动钻井动力传递区段，所述钻井动力传递区段通过高通过性侧向钻井区段带动钻头旋转。所述可控轨迹侧向钻井工具能通过所述主井眼的侧向延申的短-极短半径井段实现其延申井段的钻探。
综上所述，方案四中的短半径钻井工具，通过设置偏转导向机构，使得在旋转的条件下偏转导向机构能驱动钻头按预设方向偏转，以改变井眼轨迹，从而实现短造斜率；通过将含有大量功率器件且需要散热空间的电驱动执行器驱动控制电路设置于承载本体后方的驱动控制短节内，使得导向短节内仅保留偏转导向机构和电驱动执行器，从而有效缩短了导向短节的长度，进而更容易在高曲率井眼里实现定向功能。
以上所述仅为本发明示意性的具体实施方式，并非用以限定本发明的范围。任何本领域的技术人员，在不脱离本发明的构思和原则的前提下所作的等同变化与修改，均应属于本发明保护的范围。

Claims (24)

  1. 一种可控轨迹侧向钻井工具，其中，所述可控轨迹侧向钻井工具包括高通过性侧向钻井区段和钻井动力传递区段，所述高通过性侧向钻井区段能够通过自主井眼侧向延伸的短-极短半径井段实现所述短-极短半径井段的延伸井段的钻探，所述高通过性侧向钻井区段自前至后依次包括钻头、高通过性导向执行短节以及高通过性传动短节阵列；
    所述高通过性传动短节阵列由若干个用于承担扭矩的传动短节构成，所述传动短节能够为所述钻头传递旋转钻进的动力，且相邻的所述传动短节之间预设有偏转极限；
    所述高通过性传动短节阵列沿其自身轴线方向设有贯通结构，所述贯通结构形成供钻井循环介质流通的主流道。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的一种可控轨迹侧向钻井工具，其中，所述高通过性侧向钻井区段和钻井动力传递区段之间设有中继通讯装置，所述中继通讯装置的一端与位于所述高通过性传动短节阵列内的电气线路电连接，所述中继通讯装置的另一端能够与井口端进行远距离通讯；所述钻井动力传递区段包括钻柱，所述钻柱外直径大于或等于钻头外直径的50％。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的一种可控轨迹侧向钻井工具，其中，每个所述传动短节的内部设有至少一个用于可变角度的实现旋转钻井动力传递万向节，所述高通过性传动短节阵列中相邻的万向节之间的距离小于钻头直径的5倍。
  4. 如权利要求2所述的一种可控轨迹侧向钻井工具，其中，所述高通过性导向执行短节内设有测量装置，所述测量装置包括地层信息测量模块，所述地层信息测量模块中至少包含伽马传感器，所述伽马传感器固定设置于任意所述传动短节的内部，且所述伽马传感器与中继通讯装置之间采用电性连接，以便于所述测量装置将测得的地层信息经由所述中继通讯装置传递给地面显示设备。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的一种可控轨迹侧向钻井工具，其中，所述高通过性导向执行短节包括内部贯通的承载结构、液压分流器、电气执行器以及若干组液压活塞组件，若干组所述液压活塞组件沿所述高通过性导向执行短节的圆周方向固定连接于所述高通过性导向执行短节的承载结构上；
    所述电气执行器能够驱动所述液压分流器为液压活塞组件配液，并向各个液压活塞组件可控的分配液压流体，从而控制各个液压活塞组件受液压力状态。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的一种可控轨迹侧向钻井工具，其中，所述液压分流器为钻井液分流阀，所述液压活塞组件包括相互配合的活塞缸、活塞和推靠件，所述活塞和推靠 件在液压分流器的配液作用下，周期性地受到来自工具主流道内的高压钻井液的推动，沿所述高通过性导向执行短节的径向推靠井壁，使得多组所述活塞组件分别沿其径向推靠井壁产生的合力使所述钻头发生偏转。
  7. 如权利要求6所述的一种可控轨迹侧向钻井工具，其中，所述液压分流器设置于所述高通过性导向执行短节的端部，且位于多组所述液压活塞组件靠近钻头的一侧。
  8. 如权利要求1、4、6中任一项所述的一种可控轨迹侧向钻井工具，其中，位于所述高通过性传动短节阵列的后方还设有电力供应短节，所述电力供应短节包括电池和井下发电机，所述电力供应短节通过电气线路与所述高通过性导向执行短节之间采用电连接，以实现为所述高通过性导向执行短节中的电气执行器供电。
  9. 如权利要求1所述的一种可控轨迹侧向钻井工具，其中，还包括短-极短半径造斜工具和保直装置，所述保直装置能够使高通过性导向执行短节与其后方连接的高通过性传动短节阵列进行弹性连接。
  10. 如权利要求1或5中所述的一种可控轨迹侧向钻井工具，其中，所述高通过性导向执行短节内设有可测量近钻头姿态的测量装置，所述测量装置包括加速度传感器和/或磁传感器和/或陀螺仪。
  11. 如权利要求3所述的一种可控轨迹侧向钻井工具，其中，自前向后的首个万向节外侧设置有扶正器，或，钻头至自前向后的首个万向节之间的区段设置有扶正器。
  12. 如权利要求5所述的一种可控轨迹侧向钻井工具，其中，所述承载结构外侧设置有传力肋翼；所述传力肋翼与承载结构通过内铰接结构铰接连接；所述液压活塞组件设置于所述内铰接结构的前方，且沿周向设置于承载结构外侧，能在承载结构与传力肋翼之间形成的环形间隙内伸缩运动。
  13. 如权利要求10所述的一种可控轨迹侧向钻井工具，其中，所述测量装置还包括采用厚膜电路工艺制造的测量电路，所述测量电路至少包括一片数字芯片，能解算近钻头处的工具姿态。
  14. 如权利要求5所述的一种可控轨迹侧向钻井工具，其中，所述液压活塞组件至钻头前端面的距离f大于所述液压活塞组件至最前方的铰接结构的距离j；所述钻头前端面至所述最前方的铰接结构的距离不超过钻头直径的4倍；钻头保径段的长度不少于钻头直径的10％。
  15. 一种可控轨迹侧向钻井方法，其中，采用权利要求1-14中任一项所述的可控轨迹侧向钻井工具，所述可控轨迹侧向钻井方法包括以下步骤：
    步骤一：短-极短半径造斜工具包括柔性钻杆和高造斜钻头，利用常规钻柱通过一段特定长度的所述柔性钻杆驱动所述高造斜钻头在斜向器提供的斜向力以及钻压的作用下完成短-极短半径井段的侧向钻进，所述柔性钻杆和所述高造斜钻头的长度不小于短-极短半径井段的长度；
    步骤二：起出柔性钻杆及高造斜钻头，下入所述可控轨迹侧向钻井工具以通过所述短-极短半径井段，继而完成延伸井段的钻探，斜向器能够在自主井眼内对所述可控轨迹侧向钻井工具进行支撑，所述高通过性侧向钻井区段的长度大于所述短-极短半径井段的长度与所述延伸井段的井眼长度总和。
  16. 一种变方位可控轨迹侧向钻井方法，其中，其包括以下步骤：
    步骤一：下入斜向器，使斜向器的造斜面朝向主井眼的方位角方向，使钻头可以朝向主井眼方位角方向在实现开窗作业；
    步骤二：通过柔性钻杆驱动高造斜钻头沿着主井眼的方位角方向完成短-极短半径井段的侧向钻进至预先设计的井斜角；所述短-极短半径造斜段的方位角方向与主井眼方位角方向大体一致；
    步骤三：进行延伸井段的钻探作业过程中改变所述延伸井段的方位角，使延伸井段的方位角逐步达到钻井设计要求。
  17. 一种短半径钻井工具，其中，所述短半径钻井工具包括：
    导向钻进短节，其包括钻头和导向短节，所述导向短节包括承载本体，所述承载本体上设置有偏转导向机构和电驱动执行器，所述钻头连接于所述承载本体的下端，所述偏转导向机构能驱动所述钻头按预设方向偏转；
    驱动钻柱，其包括多个由上至下依次连接的承载短节，位于最下方的所述承载短节与所述承载本体相接，且相邻两所述承载短节之间以及所述承载短节与所述承载本体之间均通过钻压扭矩偏转传递机构相铰接；
    驱动控制短节，其设有电驱动执行器驱动控制电路，所述电驱动执行器驱动控制电路通过跨接线路与所述电驱动执行器电连接，所述驱动控制短节连接于所述导向钻进短节与所述驱动钻柱之间，或者，所述驱动控制短节连接于所述驱动钻柱中任意位置，或者，所述驱动控制短节连接于所述驱动钻柱的上端；
    所述承载短节的长度小于1.2m。
  18. 如权利要求17所述的短半径钻井工具，其中，所述偏转导向机构包括至少一组沿所述承载本体的周向间隔设置的驱动液压缸，所述驱动液压缸包括连接于所述承载本 体的筒壁上的活塞缸和设置于所述活塞缸内的驱动活塞，所述驱动活塞能抵靠井壁，通过所述驱动活塞的伸缩驱动所述钻头按预设方向偏转。
  19. 如权利要求17所述的短半径钻井工具，其中，所述电驱动执行器驱动控制电路至少包括呈环状排布的开关管承载电路板和呈环状排布的开关管驱动器承载电路板，所述开关管承载电路板上设有开关管，所述开关管驱动器承载电路板上设有开关管驱动器，所述开关管与所述开关管驱动器电连接。
  20. 如权利要求17所述的短半径钻井工具，其中，所述短半径钻井工具还包括捷联式姿态测量模块和导向控制电路，所述捷联式姿态测量模块固定设置于所述短半径钻井工具中，所述捷联式姿态测量模块能在井下测量所述短半径钻井工具的井斜角和/或重力工具面角和/或磁工具面角；所述导向控制电路分别与所述捷联式姿态测量模块和所述电驱动执行器驱动控制电路电连接，所述导向控制电路能根据所述捷联式姿态测量模块的检测数据控制所述电驱动执行器执行指令动作。
  21. 如权利要求18所述的短半径钻井工具，其中，所述钻头的上端同轴连接有传动杠杆，所述传动杠杆通过可控万向节与所述承载本体的下部相接，且所述传动杠杆与所述承载本体之间形成有活动间隙，所述偏转导向机构设于所述活动间隙内并位于所述可控万向节的上方，所述驱动活塞能通过所述传动杠杆与所述井壁抵接，所述驱动活塞的伸缩能驱动所述传动杠杆绕所述可控万向节的中心转动，所述传动杠杆的转动能带动所述钻头按预设方向偏转。
  22. 如权利要求18所述的短半径钻井工具，其中，所述电驱动执行器包括转阀和驱动电机，所述承载本体上设有贯通流道，所述转阀能使所述贯通流道与所述驱动液压缸周期性相连通，所述驱动电机与所述电驱动执行器驱动控制电路电连接。
  23. 如权利要求22所述的短半径钻井工具，其中，所述转阀包括转阀转子和转阀定子，所述转阀定子与所述承载本体固定连接，所述转阀定子设置有多个分别与各所述驱动液压缸一一对应的阀位，所述驱动电机包括驱动电机转子和驱动电机定子，所述驱动电机定子与所述承载本体固定连接；所述转阀转子与所述驱动电机转子相互耦接，所述驱动电机转子能驱动所述转阀转子相对所述转阀定子旋转。
  24. 如权利要求18所述的短半径钻井工具，其中，所述承载本体上设有贯通流道，所述电驱动执行器包括多个分别与各所述驱动液压缸一一对应的电磁阀，各所述电磁阀与所述电驱动执行器驱动控制电路电连接，所述电磁阀具有第一通路和第二通路，所述第一通路与所述驱动液压缸相连通，所述第二通路与所述贯通流道相连通，所述电磁阀 能将所述贯通流道与所述驱动液压缸周期性连通。
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