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WO2022042317A1 - 一种电声换能器、扬声器模组及电子设备 - Google Patents

一种电声换能器、扬声器模组及电子设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022042317A1
WO2022042317A1 PCT/CN2021/112206 CN2021112206W WO2022042317A1 WO 2022042317 A1 WO2022042317 A1 WO 2022042317A1 CN 2021112206 W CN2021112206 W CN 2021112206W WO 2022042317 A1 WO2022042317 A1 WO 2022042317A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
corner
voice coil
pole piece
electro
flexible circuit
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2021/112206
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
刘金华
闫涛
郭李
叶千峰
于利刚
Original Assignee
华为技术有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from CN202011245180.1A external-priority patent/CN114125663B/zh
Application filed by 华为技术有限公司 filed Critical 华为技术有限公司
Priority to US18/042,758 priority Critical patent/US20230328452A1/en
Priority to EP21860156.5A priority patent/EP4187923A4/en
Publication of WO2022042317A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022042317A1/zh

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R9/00—Transducers of moving-coil, moving-strip, or moving-wire type
    • H04R9/06—Loudspeakers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R9/00—Transducers of moving-coil, moving-strip, or moving-wire type
    • H04R9/02—Details
    • H04R9/025—Magnetic circuit
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R9/00—Transducers of moving-coil, moving-strip, or moving-wire type
    • H04R9/02—Details
    • H04R9/04—Construction, mounting, or centering of coil
    • H04R9/041—Centering
    • H04R9/043—Inner suspension or damper, e.g. spider
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R9/00—Transducers of moving-coil, moving-strip, or moving-wire type
    • H04R9/02—Details
    • H04R9/04—Construction, mounting, or centering of coil
    • H04R9/046—Construction
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
    • H05K1/00—Printed circuits
    • H05K1/18—Printed circuits structurally associated with non-printed electric components
    • H05K1/189—Printed circuits structurally associated with non-printed electric components characterised by the use of a flexible or folded printed circuit
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/02—Casings; Cabinets ; Supports therefor; Mountings therein
    • H04R1/021—Casings; Cabinets ; Supports therefor; Mountings therein incorporating only one transducer
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/06—Arranging circuit leads; Relieving strain on circuit leads
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R2499/00—Aspects covered by H04R or H04S not otherwise provided for in their subgroups
    • H04R2499/10—General applications
    • H04R2499/11—Transducers incorporated or for use in hand-held devices, e.g. mobile phones, PDA's, camera's

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the technical field of electronic devices, and in particular, to an electro-acoustic transducer, a speaker module and an electronic device.
  • the moving coil micro-speaker is an electro-acoustic transducer, which is an audio component commonly used in portable electronic devices. As consumers increasingly demand sound quality from electronic devices, loudspeakers often need to be designed with larger amplitudes.
  • the loudspeaker includes a voice coil and a magnetic circuit assembly for driving the vibration of the voice coil.
  • the driving ability of the magnetic circuit assembly directly affects the amplitude of the loudspeaker, and the driving ability of the magnetic circuit assembly is determined by the size of the magnet it is installed on.
  • leakage holes are usually designed at the corners of the speakers, so the magnetic circuit needs to be avoided at the corners, which results in the size of the magnet being relatively small relative to the overall size of the speaker, which in turn causes the drive capability of the magnetic circuit assembly to be limited. limit, which is not conducive to improving the sensitivity of the speaker.
  • the present application provides an electro-acoustic transducer, a speaker module and an electronic device for improving the sensitivity of the electro-acoustic transducer.
  • the present application provides an electro-acoustic transducer, which includes a center magnet, two side magnets, a lower frame piece, a side pole piece, a frame, a sound membrane, and two flexible circuit boards.
  • the center magnet is arranged on one side of the lower pole piece, and the center magnet can be a rectangular structure, including a first corner and a second corner, and the first corner and the second corner are arranged diagonally; the two side magnets and the center magnet are arranged on the bottom On the same side of the pole piece, the two side magnets are respectively located on the outer peripheral sides of the first corner and the second corner, and the two side magnets are arranged symmetrically in the center, and there is a first gap between the side magnets and the center magnet; the side pole pieces It is arranged on the side of the two side magnets facing away from the lower pole piece; one side of the frame is fixedly connected with the side of the side pole piece facing away from the lower pole piece, and the other side is fixedly connected with the periphery of
  • the voice coil is located on the inner side of the frame, the voice coil can be a rectangular ring structure, one end of the voice coil is fixedly connected to the sound film, and the other end can be inserted into the first gap, so that the magnetic field generated by the center magnet and the side magnet can be generated when the power is turned on.
  • two flexible circuit boards are symmetrically distributed on the peripheral side of the voice coil, one end of the flexible circuit board is fixedly connected to the voice coil, and the other end is fixedly connected to the side pole piece.
  • the electroacoustic transducer in the above solution can fill the The magnets on the outer peripheral sides of the two corners are missing, which increases the overall size of the magnets, so it can effectively improve the magnetic induction intensity of the electroacoustic transducer, thereby improving the driving ability of the electroacoustic transducer, so that the electroacoustic transducer has better performance. sensitivity.
  • the center magnet and the two side magnets can be fixed to each other with the top surface of the lower pole piece by means of bonding, so as to reduce the difficulty of assembly.
  • the electroacoustic transducer further includes a center pole piece, which is disposed on the side of the center magnet facing away from the lower pole piece, so that a complete magnetic circuit can be formed between the center magnet and the side magnets , to provide protection for the force vibration of the voice coil.
  • the center magnet includes a first side, a second side, a third side and a fourth side, wherein the first side and the second side are adjacent to the first corner, the third side and the fourth side The side is adjacent to the second corner.
  • the side magnet includes a first branch and a second branch, and the first branch and the second branch can be connected to form an L-shaped structure.
  • the first branch and the second branch of one of the side magnets are located on the outside of the first side and the second side respectively, and the first branch and the second branch of the other side magnet are located on the third side and the fourth side respectively. outside.
  • the two side magnets By arranging the two side magnets in an L-shaped structure, not only the missing magnets on the outer peripheral sides of the first corner and the second corner can be filled, but also the side magnets are arranged around each side of the center magnet, thereby significantly increasing the number of magnets.
  • the size of the electroacoustic transducer is beneficial to obtain better sensitivity.
  • the central magnet further includes a third corner portion and a fourth corner portion disposed diagonally, wherein the third corner portion is connected between the first side surface and the fourth side surface, and the fourth corner portion is connected to the second corner portion between the corner and the third corner.
  • the first branch of one of the side magnets can extend between the first corner and the third corner
  • the second branch can extend to the end of the second side surface close to the fourth corner
  • the first branch of the other side magnet The second branch can be extended to the end between the second corner and the fourth corner
  • the second branch can be extended to the end of the fourth side surface close to the third corner, so that the size of the magnet can be further increased.
  • the voice coil includes a third corner corresponding to the third corner of the center magnet, and a fourth corner corresponding to the fourth corner of the center magnet.
  • Two flexible circuit boards are respectively arranged on the outer peripheral sides of the third corner and the fourth corner, and one end of the flexible circuit board is fixedly connected with the voice coil, and the other end is fixedly connected with the side of the side pole piece facing the lower pole piece.
  • the two side magnets and the two flexible circuit boards are approximately arranged in a dislocation relationship. Under the premise of making full use of the space around the voice coil, the force uniformity of the sound film can also be improved, which is conducive to improving the electrical The sound effect of the sound transducer.
  • the flexible circuit board may include a first connecting part, a second connecting part and a third connecting part which are connected in sequence, wherein the first connecting part is fixedly connected with the voice coil, and the second connecting part is located in the first connecting part.
  • the connecting portion is located on the side away from the voice coil
  • the third connecting portion is located on the side of the second connecting portion away from the first connecting portion
  • the third connecting portion is fixedly connected with the side pole piece.
  • first notch and second notch are opened on the side pole piece, the first notch can expose the first connection part and part of the second connection part of one of the flexible circuit boards, and the second notch can expose the other flexible circuit board
  • the first connecting part and part of the second connecting part are provided, so as to provide an escape space for the movement of the flexible circuit board and avoid interference between the flexible circuit board and the side pole pieces.
  • the end connected to the second connection portion of the corresponding flexible circuit board and the third connection portion are stacked on the first branch, and the first branch
  • An escape groove is provided on a branch at a position corresponding to the end of the second connecting portion.
  • avoidance holes may be respectively provided at the positions of the side pole pieces corresponding to the two avoidance grooves, and in specific settings, the two avoidance holes may be communicated with the first notch and the second notch respectively.
  • the escape hole can provide an escape space for the vibration of the second connecting part facing away from the lower pole piece, so as to avoid the side pole piece from interfering with the movement of the second connecting part.
  • the electro-acoustic transducer may further include two auxiliary diaphragms, the two auxiliary diaphragms are respectively disposed on the sides of the two flexible circuit boards facing away from the sound diaphragm, and one end of the auxiliary diaphragm may be It is fixedly connected with the ground connection part of the corresponding flexible circuit board, and the other end is fixedly connected with the third connection part of the corresponding flexible circuit board.
  • the auxiliary diaphragm when the sound diaphragm vibrates, the auxiliary diaphragm also vibrates synchronously under the drive of the flexible circuit board, so that the rolling vibration of the voice coil can be suppressed, which is helpful for the electro-acoustic transducer to obtain better sound quality.
  • the sound membrane includes a vibrating portion, the cross-sectional shape of the vibrating portion of the sound membrane is arc-shaped, and the vibrating portion of the sound membrane protrudes in a direction facing away from the lower pole piece;
  • the auxiliary vibrating membrane also includes a vibrating portion, The cross-sectional shape of the vibrating portion of the auxiliary vibrating film is arc-shaped, and the vibrating portion of the auxiliary vibrating film is convex toward the direction of the lower pole piece.
  • the vibrating part of the sound membrane and the vibrating part of the auxiliary vibration membrane protrude in different directions respectively, thereby releasing the space under the sound membrane, allowing the center magnet and the side magnets under the sound membrane to set a larger height size,
  • the magnetic induction intensity of the electro-acoustic transducer is increased, and the sensitivity of the electro-acoustic transducer is improved.
  • a third gap and a fourth gap can be provided at the positions of the lower pole piece corresponding to the two auxiliary diaphragms, respectively, so as to provide an escape space for the auxiliary diaphragm to vibrate in the direction of the lower pole piece and avoid the lower pole piece. interfere with the movement of the auxiliary diaphragm.
  • the electro-acoustic transducer may further include a connecting frame, the connecting frame is located between the voice coil and the sound membrane, one end of the connecting frame is fixedly connected with the voice coil, and the other end is fixedly connected with the sound membrane.
  • the connecting frame By arranging the connecting frame, the voice coil can be isolated from the voice membrane, so that the voice membrane is far away from the voice coil, and the connecting frame can also dissipate heat to the voice coil, thereby reducing the risk of damage to the voice coil due to overheating of the voice coil.
  • the present application also provides a speaker module
  • the speaker module includes a box body and the electro-acoustic transducer in any of the foregoing possible embodiments, the electro-acoustic transducer is arranged in the box body, and the box body A sound outlet connecting the inside and the outside of the box body is provided, so that the sound emitted by the electro-acoustic transducer can be transmitted to the outside of the box body through the sound outlet. Since the driving ability of the magnet of the electro-acoustic transducer is improved, the sensitivity of the speaker module is high.
  • the present application also provides an electronic device, the electronic device includes a housing and the speaker module in the foregoing embodiment, the speaker module is arranged in the housing, and the housing is provided with a speaker hole, the speaker hole is The sound outlet is communicated with the outside of the electronic device, so that the sound emitted by the electro-acoustic transducer can be transmitted to the outside of the electronic device through the sound outlet and the speaker hole. Due to the higher sensitivity of the speaker module, the sound quality of the electronic device is also improved.
  • the present application further provides an electronic device, the electronic device includes a housing, a display module and a receiver, wherein the receiver is arranged in the housing, and the receiver may be the electro-acoustic transducer in the foregoing embodiments.
  • the display module includes a glass cover plate and a display panel, the glass cover plate is fixed on one side of the casing, and the display panel is fixed on the inner surface of the glass cover plate facing the casing.
  • the electronic device is provided with a receiver hole, so that the sound from the receiver can be transmitted to the outside of the electronic device through the receiver hole.
  • the receiving hole can be opened on the cover plate, or the receiving hole can be formed between the edge of the cover plate and the casing, or the receiving hole can also be opened on the casing. Due to the higher sensitivity of the speaker module, the sound quality of the electronic device is also improved.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device 1 provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a speaker module of the electronic device shown in FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is an exploded schematic view of the speaker module shown in FIG. 2;
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an electro-acoustic transducer provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 5 is a kind of partial exploded schematic diagram of the electroacoustic transducer shown in Fig. 4;
  • Fig. 6 is the partial exploded schematic diagram of the vibration component of the electroacoustic transducer shown in Fig. 4;
  • FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of the vibration assembly of the electroacoustic transducer shown in FIG. 4 in the direction A-A;
  • Fig. 8 is a partial exploded schematic diagram of the magnetic circuit assembly of the electroacoustic transducer shown in Fig. 4;
  • Fig. 9 is a kind of partial structure schematic diagram of the electroacoustic transducer shown in Fig. 4;
  • FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of the electroacoustic transducer shown in FIG. 4 in the direction A-A;
  • FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view of the electroacoustic transducer shown in FIG. 4 along the B-B direction.
  • 1-electronic equipment 100-shell; 200-display module; 300-receiver; 400-camera module; 500-speaker module;
  • 220-display panel 220-display panel; 211-transparent area; 212-receiving hole; 510-electroacoustic transducer; 520-box body; 530-cover body;
  • 21-sound film 22-connection frame; 23-voice coil; 24, 24a, 24b-flexible circuit board; 25-auxiliary diaphragm; 211-diaphragm;
  • connection part 221-body; 222-extension part; 241-first connection part; 242-second connection part; 243-third connection part;
  • An embodiment of the present application provides an electrical energy sound transducer, which is used for converting an electrical signal into a sound signal.
  • the electric power sound transducer increases the area and volume of the magnet, thereby improving the driving capability of the magnetic circuit assembly and making the electric power sound transducer have better sensitivity.
  • the embodiments of the present application also provide an electronic device including the electro-acoustic transducer.
  • the electronic device can be a mobile phone, a tablet computer, a notebook computer, a wearable device, a walkman, and other products with a sound playback function.
  • Wearable devices can be smart bracelets, smart watches, smart headsets, smart glasses, etc.
  • the electro-acoustic transducer can be applied to an electronic device as a speaker core of a speaker module (also referred to as a speaker), and can also be applied to an electronic device as a receiver (also referred to as an earpiece).
  • a speaker module also referred to as a speaker
  • a receiver also referred to as an earpiece
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device 1 provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the electronic device 1 shown in FIG. 1 is described by taking a mobile phone as an example.
  • the electronic device includes a casing 100 , a display module 200 , a receiver 300 , a camera module 400 , a speaker module 500 , a main board 600 and a battery 700 .
  • FIG. 1 and the following related drawings only schematically show some components included in the electronic device 1, and the actual shape, actual size, actual position and actual structure of these components are not affected by FIG. 1 and the following drawings. limit.
  • the housing 100 includes a middle frame 110 and a back cover 120 , and the back cover 120 is fixed on one side of the middle frame 110 .
  • the back cover 120 may be fixed to the middle frame 110 by assembling.
  • the rear cover 120 and the middle frame 110 can also be formed in one piece.
  • the casing 100 is provided with a speaker hole 1001, and the number of the speaker hole 1001 may be one or more. Exemplarily, the number of the speaker holes 1001 is multiple, and the multiple speaker holes 1001 are opened in the middle frame 110 .
  • the speaker hole 1001 can communicate the inside and the outside of the electronic device 1 .
  • the display module 200 is fixed on the side of the middle frame 110 away from the back cover. At this time, the display module 200 is disposed opposite to the back cover 120 , and the display module 200 , the middle frame 110 and the back cover 120 together enclose the interior of the electronic device 1 .
  • the display module 200 includes a glass cover plate 210 and a display panel 220 .
  • the glass cover plate 210 is stacked on a side of the display panel 220 away from the middle frame 110 .
  • the display panel 220 is used for displaying images, and the display panel 220 may also integrate a touch function.
  • the glass cover plate 210 may be disposed close to the display panel 220 , and is mainly used for protecting and dustproofing the display panel 220 .
  • the cover glass 210 is provided with a light-transmitting area 211 and a receiving hole 212.
  • the light-transmitting area 211 can allow light to pass through.
  • the ink layer of the glass cover 210 is hollowed out in the area where the light-transmitting area 211 is located;
  • the hole 212 is a through hole passing through the glass cover plate 210 .
  • a speech hole is formed between the edge of the glass cover 210 and the casing 100 .
  • the edge of the cover glass 210 on the top of the electronic device 1 and the edge of the middle frame 110 of the casing 100 on the top of the electronic device 1 form a receiving hole.
  • the housing 100 is provided with a receiving hole.
  • an area where the middle frame 110 of the casing 100 is located at the top of the electronic device 1 forms a speech hole. This application does not strictly limit the specific formation structure and position of the receiving hole.
  • the receiver 300 is provided inside the casing 100 .
  • the receiver 300 is located between the display module 200 and the back cover 120 .
  • the sound emitted by the receiver 300 is transmitted to the outside of the electronic device 1 through the speech hole 212 , so as to realize the sound playback function of the electronic device 1 .
  • the receiver 300 may use the electroacoustic transducer described in the following embodiments. In other embodiments, the receiver 300 may also adopt electro-acoustic transducers of other structures.
  • the camera module 400 is accommodated inside the casing 100 .
  • the camera module 400 is located between the display module 200 and the back cover 120 .
  • the camera module 400 collects light through the light-transmitting area of the glass cover 210 for shooting.
  • the electronic device 1 may further include another camera module accommodated in the casing 100 , the back cover 120 may be provided with a shooting through hole, and the other camera module may collect light through the shooting hole for shooting.
  • the speaker module 500 is accommodated in the casing 100 .
  • the speaker module 500 is located between the display module 200 and the back cover 120 .
  • the sound emitted by the speaker module 500 can be transmitted to the outside of the electronic device 1 through the speaker hole 1001 , so as to realize the sound playback function of the electronic device 1 .
  • the speaker module 500 includes a speaker core, and the speaker core can use the electroacoustic transducer 510 described in the following embodiments. In other embodiments, the speaker core may also adopt electro-acoustic transducers of other structures.
  • the main board 600 and the battery 700 are both accommodated inside the casing 100 .
  • the main board 600 is located on one side of the battery 700 .
  • the main board 600 is located at the upper part of the electronic device 1
  • the battery 700 is located at the lower part of the electronic device 1 .
  • the battery 700 is used to power the electronic device 1 .
  • the mainboard 600 may be a hard mainboard, a flexible mainboard, or a soft-hard mainboard.
  • the mainboard 600 can be used to set a chip, and the chip can be a central processing unit (CPU for short), a graphics processing unit (GPU for short), a universal flash storage (UFS for short), and the like.
  • the functional modules of the electronic device 1 such as the display module 200 , the camera module 400 , the speaker module 500 and the receiver 300 are coupled to the CPU.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the speaker module of the electronic device shown in FIG. 1
  • FIG. 3 is an exploded schematic diagram of the speaker module shown in FIG. 2 .
  • the speaker module 500 includes an electro-acoustic transducer 510 , a box body 520 , a cover body 530 and a circuit board 540 .
  • the cover body 530 is disposed on one side of the box body 520, and the two are fixedly connected to form a sound box.
  • the electroacoustic transducer 510 is located inside the sound box.
  • One end of the circuit board 540 is located inside the sound box for connecting to the electro-acoustic transducer 510 ; Exemplarily, one end of the circuit board 540 located outside the sound box may be fixed and electrically connected to the main board.
  • the side surface of the box body 520 is provided with a sound outlet hole 521, and the sound outlet hole 521 communicates the inside of the sound box with the outside of the sound box.
  • the sound emitted by the electro-acoustic transducer 510 can be transmitted to the outside of the speaker through the sound outlet 521 .
  • the sound hole 1001 of the housing 100 is connected to the sound hole 521 of the speaker module 500 and the outside of the electronic device 1 , and the sound emitted by the electro-acoustic transducer 510 can pass through the sound hole 521 and the speaker hole. 1001 is transmitted to the outside of the electronic device 1 .
  • One end of the box body 520 facing the cover body 530 is further provided with a slot 522 connecting the inside of the sound box with the outside of the sound box.
  • the circuit board 540 can extend to the outside of the sound box through the slot 522 .
  • the circuit board 540 can be a flexible circuit board.
  • the box body 520 is provided with a protrusion 523 disposed in the direction of the cover body 530. One end of the protrusion 523 is disposed close to the slot 522, and the other end is close to the electro-acoustic transducer.
  • one end of the circuit board 540 located in the sound box may include two branches, and the ends of the two branches are respectively formed as two connection ends connected to the electro-acoustic transducer 510 .
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an electro-acoustic transducer provided by an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 5 is a partial exploded schematic diagram of the electro-acoustic transducer shown in FIG. 4
  • the x direction is defined as the length direction of the electroacoustic transducer 510
  • the y direction is the width direction of the electroacoustic transducer 510
  • the z direction is the thickness direction of the electroacoustic transducer 510 .
  • orientation terms such as “top” and “bottom” adopted by the electro-acoustic transducer 510 in the embodiment of the present application are mainly described based on the display orientation of the electro-acoustic transducer 510 in FIG. A limitation on the orientation of the electro-acoustic transducer 510 in practical application scenarios.
  • the electro-acoustic transducer 510 includes a frame 10 , a vibration component 20 and a magnetic circuit component 30 , and the vibration component 20 and the magnetic circuit component 30 are respectively mounted on the frame 10 .
  • the parts of the components of the vibration assembly 20 connected to the frame 10 are fixed relative to the frame 10 , and the remaining parts can vibrate relative to the frame 10 .
  • the magnetic circuit assembly 30 is fixed relative to the frame 10 , and the magnetic circuit assembly 30 can be used to provide a driving magnetic field for the vibration assembly 20 .
  • FIG. 6 is a partial exploded schematic view of the vibration component of the electro-acoustic transducer shown in FIG. 4 .
  • the vibration assembly 20 of the electro-acoustic transducer includes a sound membrane 21 , a connection frame 22 , a voice coil 23 , two flexible circuit boards 24 and two auxiliary vibration membranes 25 .
  • the voice coil 23 may have a substantially rectangular ring structure, for example, the voice coil 23 may be a rounded rectangular ring.
  • the voice coil 23 includes four straight sides and four corners, and a corner is connected between two adjacent straight sides. In this embodiment, the voice coil 23 is inserted into the magnetic circuit assembly. Under the action of the magnetic field provided by the magnetic circuit assembly, when the voice coil 23 is energized, an ampere force can be generated, and then other components of the vibration assembly are driven to vibrate.
  • the sound diaphragm 21 includes a diaphragm 211 and a dome 212 .
  • the vibrating membrane 211 is substantially rectangular and includes a first fixing part 213 , a vibrating part 214 and a second fixing part 215 .
  • the first fixing portion 213 of the diaphragm 211 is fixedly connected to the dome 212, and the second fixing portion 215 is fixedly connected to the frame.
  • the bottom surface of the fixing portion 215 is connected.
  • the cross-sectional shape of the vibrating portion 214 of the diaphragm 211 is arc-shaped or approximately arc-shaped, the extension track of the vibrating portion 214 is a rounded rectangle, and the vibrating portion 214 is convexly arranged, that is, the vibrating portion 214 is convex toward the direction away from the voice coil 23 . rise.
  • the vibration part 214 can be deformed when receiving an external force, so that the first fixing part 213 and the dome 212 move relative to the second fixing part 215 .
  • connection frame 22 can be used to connect the voice coil 23 to the sound membrane 21 .
  • the connection frame 22 includes a main body 221 and an extension portion 222 .
  • the shape of the main body 221 is roughly a rectangular ring matching the voice coil 23 .
  • the other end of the main body 221 is connected to the end surface of the voice coil 21 facing the voice coil 23 .
  • the extension portion 222 is disposed at the end of the body 221 facing the voice coil 23 .
  • the extension portion 222 is attached to the outer peripheral surface of the voice coil 23 .
  • the number of the extension parts 222 may be one or more, for example, the number of the extension parts 222 is two as shown in FIG.
  • the two extension parts 222 may be symmetrically arranged near two diagonal corners of the body 221 , so that , after the body 221 and the voice coil 23 are assembled, the two extension parts 222 can be attached and fixed to the outer peripheral surfaces of the two diagonally arranged corners of the voice coil 23 respectively, so as to ensure the force of the voice coil 23
  • the connection strength between the connection frame 22 and the voice coil 23 is improved.
  • the voice coil 23 can be isolated from the voice membrane 21, so that the voice membrane 21 is far away from the voice coil 23, and the connecting frame 22 can also dissipate heat to the voice coil 23, thereby reducing the damage caused by the overheating of the voice coil 23.
  • the sound membrane 21 poses a risk of damage.
  • the structures of the two flexible circuit boards 24 are the same, and the two flexible circuit boards 24 are arranged on the outer peripheral side of the voice coil 23 in a center-symmetrical manner.
  • the two flexible circuit boards 24 are respectively arranged on the voice coil 23 in the vicinity of two corners arranged diagonally. Both ends of the lead wires of the voice coil 23 can be electrically connected to two flexible circuit boards 24 respectively, and the two flexible circuit boards 24 are electrically connected to the aforementioned circuit boards to achieve electrical connection with external devices of the electro-acoustic transducer.
  • both ends of the lead wires of the voice coil 23 can also be electrically connected to one of the flexible circuit boards 24, and the flexible circuit board 24 is electrically connected to the aforementioned circuit boards to achieve electrical connection with external devices of the electroacoustic transducer.
  • the flexible circuit board 24 includes a first connecting portion 241 , a second connecting portion 242 and a third connecting portion 243 , and the second connecting portion 242 is connected between the first connecting portion 241 and the third connecting portion 243 .
  • the first connecting portion 241 , the second connecting portion 242 and the third connecting portion 243 are generally strip-shaped structures.
  • the first connecting portion 241 is connected to the outer peripheral surface of the corresponding corner of the voice coil 23 .
  • the contact area of the coil 23, the head end of the first connection part 241 may extend to an outer side surface of the voice coil 23 adjacent to the corresponding corner and extending in the first direction (ie, the width direction y of the electro-acoustic transducer) .
  • the head end of the second connection part 242 is connected to the end of the first connection part 241 , the second connection part 242 is located on the side of the first connection part 241 away from the voice coil 23 , and the second connection part 242 and the first connection part 241 interval setting.
  • the head end of the third connecting part 243 is connected to the end of the second connecting part 242 , the third connecting part 243 is located on the side of the second connecting part 242 away from the first connecting part 241 , and the third connecting part 243 and the second connecting part 242 interval settings.
  • the connection positions of the first connecting portion 241 and the second connecting portion 242 are generally U-shaped, and the connecting positions of the second connecting portion 242 and the third connecting portion 243 are also generally U-shaped.
  • the first connecting portion 241 and the second connecting portion 242 may respectively include arc segments and straight line segments.
  • the straight line segment 2412 of the first connecting part 241 is arranged close to its head end
  • the arc line segment 2411 of the first connecting part 241 is arranged close to its end
  • the arc line segment 2421 of the second connecting part 242 is arranged close to its head end
  • the second The straight section 2422 of the connecting portion 242 is disposed near its end.
  • the third connecting portion 243 is substantially L-shaped, the corner position of the third connecting portion 243 is located outside the arc segment of the second connecting portion 242 , and the corner of the third connecting portion 243 is rounded.
  • the arc segment 2411 of the first connection portion 241 , the arc segment 2421 of the second connection portion 242 , and the corners of the third connection portion 243 are coaxially disposed with the corresponding corners of the voice coil 23 . It can be understood that the coaxial arrangement of the two structures means that the central axes (or center lines) of the two structures are coincident, allowing a little deviation due to manufacturing tolerances, assembly tolerances, and the like.
  • the shape of the flexible circuit board 24 can better adapt to the deformation and displacement requirements, so that the reliability of the flexible circuit board 24 is better and the service life is longer.
  • each connecting portion can make full use of the outer space of the corner of the voice coil 23 , so that longer wires can be arranged, so that when the flexible circuit board 24 vibrates with the voice coil 23 to a large extent , the stress is smaller, and the reliability of the flexible circuit board 24 is higher.
  • FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of the vibration component of the electroacoustic transducer shown in FIG. 4 in the direction A-A. 6 and 7 together, the structures of the two auxiliary diaphragms 25 are the same, and the two auxiliary diaphragms 25 are respectively disposed corresponding to the two flexible circuit boards 24. Specifically, the two auxiliary diaphragms 25 may be respectively disposed in the corresponding the bottom side of the flexible circuit board 24.
  • the auxiliary diaphragm 25 includes a first fixing part 251 , a vibrating part 252 and a second fixing part 253 .
  • the extension trajectory of the auxiliary diaphragm 25 matches the trajectory of the first connecting portion 241 , the first fixing portion 251 of the auxiliary diaphragm 25 is fixedly connected with the corresponding first connecting portion 241 of the flexible circuit board 24 , and the second fixing portion 253 is The third connection portion 243 of the corresponding flexible circuit board 24 is fixedly connected.
  • the cross-sectional shape of the vibrating portion of the auxiliary vibrating film 25 is arc-shaped or approximately arc-shaped, and the vibrating portion 252 is concavely disposed, that is, the vibrating portion 252 protrudes in a direction away from the flexible circuit board 24 .
  • the vibration part 252 of the auxiliary diaphragm 25 can be deformed when receiving an external force, so that the first fixed part 251 and the second fixed part 253 of the auxiliary diaphragm 25 move relative to each other.
  • FIG. 8 is a partial exploded schematic view of the magnetic circuit assembly of the electro-acoustic transducer shown in FIG. 4 .
  • the magnetic circuit assembly 30 of the electroacoustic transducer includes a center pole piece 31 , a side pole piece 32 , a center magnet 33 , two side magnets 34 and a lower pole piece 35 .
  • the center pole piece 31 , the side pole piece 32 and the lower pole piece 35 are respectively magnetic conductive parts, and the center magnet 33 and the two side magnets 34 are respectively permanent magnets.
  • the center magnet 33 and the two side magnets 34 are respectively disposed on the top surface of the lower pole piece 35, and each magnet can be fixed to each other with the top surface of the lower pole piece 35 by means of bonding.
  • the central magnet 33 has a substantially rectangular structure.
  • the central magnet 33 may have a rounded rectangular structure.
  • the central magnet 33 includes four sides and four corners, and a corner is connected between two adjacent sides.
  • the two side magnets 34 are centrally symmetrically disposed on the outer peripheral side of the center magnet 33 , and a first gap 36 is formed between the two side magnets 34 and the center magnet 33 .
  • the two side magnets 34 may be disposed around two diagonally disposed corners of the center magnet 33, respectively.
  • the side magnet 34 includes a first branch 341 arranged along the first direction (ie the width direction y of the electro-acoustic transducer), and a second branch 342 arranged along the second direction (ie the length direction x of the electro-acoustic transducer). , that is, the side magnets 34 are generally arranged in an L-shape.
  • the side magnet 34a located on the left side of the center magnet 33 its first branch 341 is located outside the first side surface 331 of the center magnet 33, and its second branch 342 is located outside the second side surface 332 of the center magnet 33, That is to say, the side magnet 34a is arranged around the first corner A between the first side 331 and the second side 332 ; for the side magnet 34b located on the right side of the center magnet 33 , its first branch 341 is located on the third side of the center magnet 33 .
  • the second branch 342 is located outside the fourth side surface 334 of the center magnet 33 , that is, the side magnet 34 b is disposed around the second corner B between the third side surface 333 and the fourth side surface 334 .
  • the corner of the connection position of the first branch 341 and the second branch 342 is also rounded, and the rounded corner is coaxial with the corner corresponding to the central magnet 33, so that the side
  • the shapes of the outer peripheral surfaces of the magnets 34 and the center magnet 33 are better matched, so that a magnetic field with uniform intensity can be formed in the first gap 36 between the side magnets 34 and the center magnet 33 .
  • the first side surface 331 and the third side surface 333 of the center magnet 33 are respectively side surfaces arranged along the y-axis direction
  • the second side surface 332 and the fourth side surface 334 of the center magnet 33 are respectively side surfaces arranged along the x-axis direction.
  • the corresponding first branch 341 extends to a certain position between the first corner A and the third corner C, for example, a position close to the middle region of the first side surface 331;
  • the corresponding second branch 342 extends approximately to the end of the fourth side 334 close to the third corner C, wherein the third corner C of the center magnet 33 is the first side 331 and the fourth side 334 corners between.
  • the corresponding first branch 341 extends to a position between the second corner B and the fourth corner D, for example, a position close to the middle area of the third side 333 ;
  • the corresponding second branch 342 extends approximately to an end close to the fourth corner D, wherein the fourth corner D of the central magnet 33 is the second side 332 and the third side 333 corners between.
  • the outer sides of the third corner portion C and the fourth corner portion D of the center magnet 33 respectively form a communication space 37, and each communication space 37 communicates with the first gap 36 between the two side magnets 34 on the left and right sides and the center magnet 33, respectively. and communicated to the outside of the magnetic circuit assembly 30 .
  • the center pole piece 31 is located on the side of the center magnet 33 away from the lower pole piece 35 , and the center pole piece 31 can be fixed to the center magnet 33 by bonding.
  • the side pole pieces 32 are located on the side of the two side magnets 34 away from the lower pole pieces 35.
  • the side pole pieces 32 can be fixed to each other with the side magnets 34 by means of bonding.
  • the side pole pieces 32 are substantially frame-shaped, and the side pole pieces 32 are arranged around the center pole piece 31 , and there is a second gap 38 between the side pole pieces 32 and the center pole piece 31 , and the second gap 38 communicates with the first Gap 36.
  • the side pole piece 32 facing the inner side of the center pole piece 31, the side pole piece 32 is respectively provided with a first notch 321 and a second notch 322 at the position corresponding to the two communication spaces 37, so as to connect each communication space 37 in the positive direction of the z-axis Communication with the outside of the magnetic circuit assembly 30 increases the size of the communication space 37 in the z-axis direction.
  • the position of the lower pole piece 35 corresponding to the above-mentioned two communication spaces 37 may also be provided with gaps, namely the third gap 351 and the fourth gap 352.
  • the third gap 352 and the fourth gap 352 can connect the communication spaces 37 to the The negative axis direction communicates with the outside of the magnetic circuit assembly 30, thereby increasing the size of the communication space 37 in the z-axis direction.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a partial structure of the electro-acoustic transducer shown in FIG. 4
  • FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of the electro-acoustic transducer shown in FIG. 4 in the direction A-A.
  • the center magnet 33 and the two side magnets 34 are fixed on the side of the lower pole piece 35 facing the frame body 10 .
  • One of the side magnets 34 a is arranged around the first corner A of the center magnet 33
  • the other side magnet 34 b is arranged around the center magnet 33 .
  • the second corner B is set.
  • One end of the voice coil 23 away from the sound membrane 21 is inserted into the first gap 36 formed by the center magnet 33 and the side magnet 34 .
  • the edge of the side pole piece 32 facing the sound membrane 21 is fixedly connected to the second side of the frame 10 , and the side pole piece 32 facing away from the sound membrane 21 is fixedly connected to the two side magnets 34 .
  • the center pole piece 31 is located on the inner side of the side pole piece 32 , and the center pole piece 31 is fixed on the side of the center magnet 33 facing the sound membrane 21 .
  • one end of the voice coil 23 away from the sound membrane 21 is inserted into the second gap 38 and the first gap 36 in sequence.
  • the two flexible circuit boards 24 are located on the side of the side pole piece 32 away from the frame 10 , and the two flexible circuit boards 24 are respectively disposed near two diagonally disposed corners of the voice coil 23 .
  • the first connection portion 241 of the flexible circuit board 24a is fixedly connected to one end of the outer peripheral surface of the third corner C1 of the voice coil 23 away from the sound membrane 21
  • the third connection portion 243 of the flexible circuit board 24a is connected to the side pole piece 32 .
  • the edge of the side facing away from the frame 10 is fixedly attached.
  • the first connecting portion 241 of the flexible circuit board 24b is fixedly connected to the end of the outer peripheral surface of the fourth corner D1 of the voice coil 23 away from the sound membrane 21 , and the third connecting portion 243 of the flexible circuit board 24b and the side pole piece 32 are away from the frame 10 .
  • the edge of one side is fixedly attached.
  • the first notch 321 of the side pole piece 32 can expose the first connecting portion 241 and the second connecting portion 242 of the flexible circuit board 24a
  • the second notch 322 of the side pole piece 32 can expose the first connecting portion 241 and the second connecting portion 242 of the flexible circuit board 24a
  • the first connection portion 241 and the second connection portion 242 of the flexible circuit board 24b are exposed.
  • the two side magnets 34 and the two flexible circuit boards 24 are approximately in a dislocation relationship, and the two side magnets 34 occupy one pair of corners of the voice coil 23 (that is, the first corner A1 of the voice coil and the In the outer peripheral area of the second corner B1), the two flexible circuit boards 24 occupy the outer peripheral area of the other pair of corners of the voice coil 23 (ie, the third corner C1 and the fourth corner D1 of the voice coil).
  • the voice coil 23 is arranged on the outer peripheral side of the center magnet 33 , and the first corner A1 , the second corner B1 , the third corner C1 and the fourth corner D1 of the voice coil 23 correspond to the center magnet 33 respectively The first corner A, the second corner B, the third corner C and the fourth corner D.
  • the two auxiliary diaphragms 25 are respectively fixed on the sides of the two flexible circuit boards 24 away from the side pole pieces 32 .
  • the two fixing parts 253 are fixedly connected to the corresponding third connecting parts 243 of the flexible circuit board 24
  • the vibrating parts 252 of the auxiliary diaphragm 25 are positioned opposite to the corresponding second connecting parts 242 of the flexible circuit board 24 .
  • the two auxiliary diaphragms 25 are respectively located in the two communication spaces 37 of the magnetic circuit assembly 30 .
  • the flexible circuit board 24 and the side magnet 34 may have an overlapping area in the z-axis direction, so as to ensure that the side magnet 34 has a larger size, while increasing the length of the flexible circuit board 24, thereby increasing the The magnetic induction intensity of the magnetic circuit assembly 30 and the vibration performance of the vibration assembly.
  • the straight line segment of the second connecting portion 242 of the flexible circuit board 24a exceeds the straight line segment of the first connecting portion 241 , that is, opposite to the head end of the first connecting portion 241 , the second connecting portion The distal end of 242 is positioned closer to the first corner A1 of the voice coil 23 .
  • the side of the first branch 341 facing the side pole piece 32 defines a first escape groove 343, and the end portion of the second connection portion 242 of the flexible circuit board 24a can extend to the first branch 341 and opposite to the first escape groove 343 .
  • a first avoidance hole 323 is formed on the side pole piece 32 at a position corresponding to the first avoidance groove 343 , and the first avoidance hole 323 communicates with the first notch 321 .
  • the first avoidance groove 343 and the first avoidance hole 323 can provide a space for the movement of the second connecting portion 242 to avoid the first branch 341 and the side pole
  • the sheet 32 interferes with the movement of the second connecting portion 242 to improve the vibration performance of the vibration assembly 30 .
  • the straight line segment of the second connecting portion 242 of the flexible circuit board 24b exceeds the straight line segment of the first connecting portion 241 , that is, opposite to the head end of the first connecting portion 241 , the second connecting portion 242
  • the end of the voice coil is positioned closer to the second corner B1 of the voice coil.
  • the side of the first branch 341 facing the side pole piece 32 is provided with a second escape groove 344, and the end portion 242 of the second connecting portion of the flexible circuit board 24b can extend to the first branch 341, and is opposite to the second escape groove 344.
  • a second avoidance hole 324 is defined on the side pole piece 32 at a position corresponding to the second avoidance groove 344 , and the second avoidance hole 324 communicates with the second gap 322 .
  • the second avoidance groove 344 and the second avoidance hole 324 can provide a space for the movement of the second connecting portion 242 to avoid the first branch 341 and the side pole
  • the sheet 32 interferes with the movement of the second connecting portion 242 to improve the vibration performance of the vibration assembly 30 .
  • the part of the first branch 341 with the first escape groove 343 (the third escape groove 344) and the rest of the side magnet 34 can be separated from each other. Formed, and then fixed and connected by bonding and other means.
  • FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view of the electro-acoustic transducer shown in FIG. 4 along the B-B direction.
  • the end of the center magnet 33 close to the center pole piece 31 is the N pole, and the end close to the lower pole piece 35 is the S pole;
  • the end of the side magnet 34 close to the side pole piece 32 is the S pole, and the end close to the lower pole piece 35 is the S pole. for the N pole.
  • the path of the magnetic field line shown by the dotted line in Fig.
  • the voice coil 23 is partially located in the second gap 38, the magnetic circuit assembly forms a magnetic field in the second gap 36. Therefore, when the voice coil 23 is energized, an ampere force in the z-axis direction can be generated, thereby driving the voice coil 23 and connecting the voice coil.
  • the sound membrane 21 of 23 vibrates. When the sound membrane 21 vibrates, the air in front of it (that is, in the positive direction of the z-axis) forms sound waves, so that the electro-acoustic transducer 510 emits sound.
  • the first connection portion 241 and the second connection portion 242 of the flexible circuit board 24a vibrate along the z-axis direction in the first notch 321 and the corresponding communication space 37, and the first connection portion 241 vibrates from the first connection portion 241.
  • the amplitude gradually decreases;
  • the third connection part 243 of the flexible circuit board 24a is fixed with the edge of the side pole piece 32 and does not vibrate with the voice coil 23;
  • the auxiliary diaphragm 25 is in the first gap 321
  • the lower communication space 37 vibrates in the z-axis direction.
  • the first connecting portion 241 and the second connecting portion 242 of the flexible circuit board 24b vibrate along the z-axis direction within the second notch 322 and the corresponding communication space 37, and from the head end of the first connecting portion 241 to the second connecting portion 242
  • the amplitude gradually decreases at the end of the flexible circuit board 24b; the third connection part 243 of the flexible circuit board 24b is fixed with the edge of the side pole piece 32 and does not vibrate with the voice coil 23; Vibration in the axial direction.
  • the sound membrane 21 located on the upper part of the voice coil 23 can be formed as the first compliance system of the electro-acoustic transducer 510
  • the flexible circuit board 24 and the auxiliary diaphragm 25 located on the lower part of the voice coil 23 can be formed as an electrical
  • the compliance coefficient of the compliance system is the reciprocal of the elastic coefficient, and the components with higher compliance coefficients are more likely to deform when subjected to force.
  • the rigidity of the sound membrane 21 is larger and the compliance is smaller, so that the acoustic membrane 21 can smoothly push the air to emit sound; the rigidity of the flexible circuit board 24 and the auxiliary diaphragm 25 is smaller.
  • the compliance is relatively large, so that the total hardness of the two compliance systems is appropriate, so as to ensure the working reliability of the electroacoustic transducer 510 .
  • the hardness of the auxiliary diaphragm 25 can be greater than the hardness of the flexible circuit board 24, so that the stability of the second compliance system can be better, so as to better suppress the swing of the voice coil 23 and reduce the sound Amount of scrolling for circle 23.
  • the electro-acoustic transducer of this embodiment designs the side magnets into an L-shaped structure, so that the two side magnets surround the center magnet respectively.
  • the two corners are arranged diagonally, so as to fill in the lack of magnets on the outer peripheral sides of the two corners, so that the overall size of the side magnets can be increased by at least 20%, so it can effectively improve the magnetic induction intensity of the magnetic circuit assembly, and then improve the
  • the driving ability of the magnetic circuit assembly enables the electroacoustic transducer to have better sensitivity. It has been verified that the sensitivity of the electroacoustic transducer provided in this embodiment can be improved by more than 1 dB.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
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  • Audible-Bandwidth Dynamoelectric Transducers Other Than Pickups (AREA)
  • Telephone Set Structure (AREA)

Abstract

本申请提供了一种电声换能器、扬声器模组及电子设备，以提高电声换能器的灵敏度。电声换能器包括中心磁铁、两个边磁铁、下极片、边极片、框架、音膜、音圈以及两个柔性电路板，中心磁铁和两个边磁铁分别设置于下极片; 中心磁铁包括呈对角设置的第一角部与第二角部; 两个边磁铁分别围绕第一角部与第二角部呈中心对称设置，且边磁铁与中心磁铁之间具有第一间隙; 边极片设置于两个边磁铁背向下极片的一面; 框架的一面与边极片背向下极片的一面固定连接，框架的另一面与音膜固定连接；音圈位于框架的内侧，音圈的一端与音膜固定连接，另一端插入第一间隙；两个柔性电路板对称分布于音圈的周侧，柔性电路板的一端与音圈连接，另一端与边极片连接。

Description

一种电声换能器、扬声器模组及电子设备
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求在2020年08月25日提交中国专利局、申请号为202010866796.4、申请名称为“一种扬声器及电子设备”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中；本申请要求在2020年11月10日提交中国专利局、申请号为202011245180.1、申请名称为“一种电声换能器、扬声器模组及电子设备”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及电子设备技术领域，尤其涉及到一种电声换能器、扬声器模组及电子设备。
背景技术
动圈式微型扬声器为电声换能器，是目前便携式电子设备常用的音频组件。随着消费者对电子设备的音质要求越来越高，扬声器通常需要设计更大的振幅。扬声器包括音圈和用于驱动音圈振动的磁路组件，磁路组件的驱动能力直接影响扬声器的振幅，而磁路组件的驱动能力又由其所设置的磁铁的尺寸所决定。现有技术中，扬声器的角部位置通常会设计泄露孔，因此在角部位置需要进行磁路避让，这就导致磁铁的尺寸相对扬声器的整体尺寸偏小，进而导致磁路组件的驱动能力受限，不利于提高扬声器的灵敏度。
发明内容
本申请提供了一种电声换能器、扬声器模组及电子设备，用以提高电声换能器的灵敏度。
第一方面，本申请提供了一种电声换能器，该电声换能器包括中心磁铁、两个边磁铁、下架片、边极片、框架、音膜以及两个柔性电路板。中心磁铁设置在下极片的一面，中心磁铁可以为矩形结构，包括第一角部和第二角部，第一角部与第二角部呈对角设置；两个边磁铁与中心磁铁设置在下极片的同一面，两个边磁铁分别位于第一角部与第二角部的外周侧，且两个边磁铁呈中心对称设置，边磁铁与中心磁铁之间具有第一间隙；边极片设置在两个边磁铁背向下极片的一面；框架的一面与边极片背向下极片的一面固定连接，另一面与音膜的周缘固定连接，以将边极片与音膜相互固定；音圈位于框架的内侧，音圈可以为矩形环状结构，音圈的一端与音膜固定连接，另一端可插入第一间隙，从而在通电时能够在中心磁铁与边磁铁产生的磁场作用下振动；两个柔性电路板对称分布在音圈的周侧，柔性电路板的一端音圈固定连接，另一端与边极片固定连接。
相较于传统的将边磁铁排布于中心磁铁的侧面的方案，上述方案中的电声换能器通过将两个边磁铁围绕中心磁铁呈对角排布的两个角部设置，可以填补两个角部外周侧的磁铁缺失，增加了磁铁的整体尺寸，因此可以有效提高电声换能器的磁感应强度，进而提升电声换能器的驱动能力，使电声换能器具有较佳的灵敏度。
具体设置时，中心磁铁与两个边磁铁可分别通过粘接方式与下极片的顶面相互固定， 以降低组装难度。
在一些可能的实施方案中，电声换能器还包括中心极片，中心极片设置于中心磁铁背向下极片的一面，这样就可以在中心磁铁与边磁铁之间形成完整的磁路，为音圈的受力振动提供保障。
在一些可能的实施方案中，中心磁铁包括第一侧面、第二侧面、第三侧面及第四侧面，其中，第一侧面及第二侧面与第一角部相邻，第三侧面及第四侧面与第二角部相邻。边磁铁包括第一分支和第二分支，第一分支与第二分支可连接形成为L型结构。具体设置时，其中一个边磁铁的第一分支与第二分支分别位于第一侧面与第二侧面的外侧，另一个边磁铁的第一分支与第二分支分别位于第三侧面与第四侧面的外侧。通过将两个边磁铁设置为L型结构，不仅可以填补第一角部和第二角部的外周侧的磁铁缺失，还使得中心磁铁的各个侧面都有边磁铁环绕设置，从而可以明显增加磁铁的尺寸，有利于使电声换能器获得更佳的灵敏度。
在一些可能的实施方案中，中心磁铁还包括对角设置的第三角部和第四角部，其中，第三角部连接于第一侧面与第四侧面之间，第四角部连接于第二角部与第三角部之间。这时，其中一个边磁铁的第一分支可延伸至第一角部与第三角部之间，第二分支可延伸至第二侧面靠近第四角部的一端；另一个边磁铁的第一分支可延伸至第二角部与第四角部之间，第二分支可延伸至第四侧面靠近第三角部的一端，从而可以进一步增加磁铁的尺寸。
在一些可能的实施方案中，音圈包括与中心磁铁的第三角部对应的第三拐角，以及与中心磁铁的第四角部对应的第四拐角。两个柔性电路板分别设置在第三拐角与第四拐角的外周侧，并且柔性电路板的一端与音圈固定连接，另一端与边极片朝向下极片的一面固定连接。在该方案中，两个边磁铁与两个柔性电路板近似呈错位设置的关系，在充分利用音圈周侧空间的前提下，还能提高音膜的受力均匀性，从而有利于提高电声换能器的音效。
在具体设置柔性电路板时，柔性电路板可包括依次连接的第一连接部、第二连接部及第三连接部，其中，第一连接部与音圈固定连接，第二连接部位于第一连接部远离音圈的一侧，第三连接部位于第二连接部远离第一连接部的一侧，且第三连接部与边极片固定连接。边极片上开设有对称分布的第一缺口和第二缺口，第一缺口可暴露出其中一个柔性电路板的第一连接部和部分第二连接部，第二缺口可暴露出另一个柔性电路板的第一连接部和部分第二连接部，从而为柔性电路板的运动提供避让空间，避免柔性电路板与边极片之间产生干涉。
在一些可能的实施方案中，在第一侧面的外周侧及第三侧面的外周侧，对应的柔性电路板的第二连接部与第三连接部连接的一端叠置在第一分支上，第一分支上对应第二连接部的端部的位置开设有避让槽。采用这种设置，避让槽可以为第二连接部朝向下极片方向的振动提供避让空间，以避免第一分支对第二连接部的运动造成干涉。
另外，边极片对应两个避让槽的位置也可以分别开设避让孔，具体设置时，该两个避让孔可分别与第一缺口和第二缺口连通。这样，避让孔可以为第二连接部背向下极片方向的振动提供避让空间，以避免边极片对第二连接部的运动造成干涉。
在一些可能的实施方案中，电声换能器还可包括两个辅助振膜，两个辅助振膜分别设置在两个柔性电路板背向音膜的一侧，且辅助振膜的一端可与对应的柔性电路板的地连接部固定连接，另一端则与对应的柔性电路板的第三连接部固定连接。这样，音膜振动时，辅助振膜也在柔性电路板的带动下同步发生振动，从而可以抑制音圈滚振，有助于使电声 换能器获得较佳的音质。
在一些可能的实施方案中，音膜包括振动部，音膜的振动部的截面形状呈弧形，且音膜的振动部背向下极片的方向凸起；辅助振膜也包括振动部，辅助振膜的振动部的截面形状呈弧形，且辅助振膜的振动部朝向下极片的方向凸起。也就是说，音膜的振动部与辅助振膜的振动部分别朝向不同的方向凸起，从而释放了音膜下方的空间，允许音膜下方的中心磁铁以及边磁铁设置更大的高度尺寸，从而增加电声换能器的磁感应强度，提高电声换能器的灵敏度。
在一些可能的实施方案中，下极片对应两个辅助振膜的位置可分别开设第三缺口和第四缺口，从而为辅助振膜朝向下极片方向的振动提供避让空间，避免下极片对辅助振膜的运动造成干涉。
在一些可能的实施方案中，电声换能器还可包括连接框，连接框位于音圈与音膜之间，连接框的一端与音圈固定连接，另一端与音膜固定连接。通过设置连接框，可以将音圈与音膜隔离，使得音膜远离音圈，另外连接框还可以对音圈起到散热作用，从而降低因音圈过热而对音膜造成损伤的风险。
第二方面，本申请还提供了一种扬声器模组，该扬声器模组包括盒体以及前述任一可能的实施方案中的电声换能器，电声换能器设置于盒体内，盒体开设有连通盒体内部与外部的出音孔，以使电声换能器发出的声音能够经出音孔传输至盒体外部。由于电声换能器的磁铁的驱动能力得以提高，因此该扬声器模组的灵敏度较高。
第三方面，本申请还提供了一种电子设备，该电子设备包括壳体以及前述实施方案中的扬声器模组，扬声器模组设置于壳体内，壳体上设置有扬声孔，扬声孔连通出音孔与电子设备的外部，从而使电声换能器发出的声音能够经出音孔和扬声孔传输至电子设备外部。由于扬声器模组的灵敏度较高，该电子设备的音质也得以提升。
第四方面，本申请另外提供了一种电子设备，该电子设备包括壳体、显示模组及受话器，其中，受话器设置在壳体内，受话器可以为前述实施方案中的电声换能器。显示模组包括玻璃盖板及显示面板，玻璃盖板固定于壳体的一侧，显示面板固定在玻璃盖板朝向壳体的内表面。电子设备设置有受话孔，以使受话器发出的声音能够由受话孔传输至电子设备的外部。具体设置时，受话孔可以开设在盖板上，或者受话孔可以形成于盖板的边缘与壳体之间，或者受话孔也可以开设在壳体上。由于扬声器模组的灵敏度较高，该电子设备的音质也得以提升。
附图说明
图1为本申请实施例提供的电子设备1的结构示意图；
图2为图1所示的电子设备的扬声器模组的结构示意图；
图3为图2所示的扬声器模组的分解示意图；
图4为本申请实施例提供的电声换能器的结构示意图；
图5为图4所示的电声换能器的一种局部分解示意图；
图6为图4所示的电声换能器的振动组件的局部分解示意图；
图7为图4所示的电声换能器的振动组件在A-A方向的剖视图；
图8为图4所示的电声换能器的磁路组件的局部分解示意图；
图9为图4所示的电声换能器的一种局部结构示意图；
图10为图4所示的电声换能器在A-A方向的剖视图；
图11为图4所示的电声换能器在B-B方向的剖视图。
附图标记：
1-电子设备；100-壳体；200-显示模组；300-受话器；400-摄像模组；500-扬声器模组；
600-主板；700-电池；110-中框；120-后盖；1001-扬声孔；210-玻璃盖板；
220-显示面板；211-透光区；212-受话孔；510-电声换能器；520-盒体；530-盖体；
540-电路板；521-出音孔；522-开槽；523-凸起；10-框架；20-震动组件；30-磁路组件；
21-音膜；22-连接框；23-音圈；24、24a、24b-柔性电路板；25-辅助振膜；211-振膜；
212-球顶；213-振膜的第一固定部；214-振膜的振动部；215-振膜的第二固定部；
221-本体；222-延伸部；241-第一连接部；242-第二连接部；243-第三连接部；
2411-第一连接部的弧线段；2412-第一连接部的直线段；2421-第二连接部的弧线段；
2422-第二连接部的直线段；251-辅助振膜的第一固定部；252-辅助振膜的振动部；
253-辅助振膜的第二固定部；31-中心极片；32-边极片；33-中心磁铁；
34、34a、34b-边磁铁；35-下极片；36-第一间隙；341-第一分支；342-第二分支；
331-第一侧面；332-第二侧面；333-第三侧面；334-第四侧面；37-连通空间；
38-第二间隙；321-第一缺口；322-第二缺口；351-第三缺口；352-第四缺口；
343-第一避让槽；323-第二避让槽；344-第三避让槽；324-第四避让槽。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本申请实施方式中的附图，对本申请实施方式中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述。
本申请实施例提供一种电能换声器，电能换声器用于将电信号转换成声音信号。该电能换声器通过优化磁路组件和柔性电路板的结构及相对位置，增加了磁铁的面积和体积，从而可以提升磁路组件的驱动能力，使得电能换声器具有较佳的灵敏度。本申请实施例还提供一种包括该电声换能器的电子设备。电子设备可以是手机、平板电脑、笔记本电脑、可穿戴设备、随身听等具有声音播放功能的产品。可穿戴设备可以是智能手环、智能手表、智能头显、智能眼镜等。示例性的，电声换能器可以作为扬声器模组(也称为喇叭)的扬声器内核应用于电子设备，也可以作为受话器(也称为听筒)应用于电子设备。
请参考图1，图1为本申请实施例提供的电子设备1的结构示意图。图1所示的电子设备1以手机为例进行说明。电子设备包括壳体100、显示模组200、受话器300、摄像模组400、扬声器模组500、主板600及电池700。需要说明的是，图1以及下文相关附图仅示意性地示出了电子设备1包括的一些部件，这些部件的实际形状、实际大小、实际位置和实际构造不受图1以及下文各附图的限定。
其中，壳体100包括中框110以及后盖120，后盖120固定于中框110的一侧。一种实施方式中，后盖120可以通过组装方式固定于中框110。在另一种实施方式中，后盖120与中框110也可以为一体成型结构。壳体100设有扬声孔1001，扬声孔1001的数量可以为一个或多个。示例性地，扬声孔1001的数量为多个，多个扬声孔1001开设于中框110。扬声孔1001可连通电子设备1的内部和外部。
显示模组200固定于中框110上远离后盖的一侧。此时，显示模组200与后盖120相对设置，显示模组200、中框110与后盖120共同围出电子设备1的内部。显示模组200 包括玻璃盖板210和显示面板220，玻璃盖板210叠置于显示面板220背离中框110的一侧。显示面板220用于显示图像，显示面板220还可以集成触摸功能。玻璃盖板210可以紧贴显示面板220设置，主要用于对显示面板220起到保护以及防尘作用。玻璃盖板210设有透光区211和受话孔212，透光区211可允许光线穿过，示例性地，玻璃盖板210的油墨层在透光区211所在的区域镂空设置；受话孔212为贯穿玻璃盖板210的通孔。
在其它一些实施例中，玻璃盖板210的边缘与壳体100之间形成受话孔。例如，玻璃盖板210位于电子设备1顶部的边缘、与壳体100的中框110位于电子设备1顶部的边缘之间形成受话孔。在其它一些实施例中，壳体100设有受话孔。例如，壳体100的中框110位于电子设备1顶部的区域处形成受话孔。本申请不对受话孔的具体形成结构及位置做严格限定。
受话器300设置于壳体100的内部。受话器300位于显示模组200与后盖120之间。受话器300发出的声音经受话孔212传输至电子设备1的外部，以实现电子设备1的声音播放功能。示例性的，受话器300可以采用后文实施例中描述的电声换能器。其它实施例中，受话器300也可以采用其他结构的电声换能器。
摄像模组400收容于壳体100的内部。摄像模组400位于显示模组200与后盖120之间。摄像模组400经玻璃盖板210的透光区采集光线，以进行拍摄。其中，电子设备1还可以包括另一收容于壳体100的内部的摄像模组，后盖120可以设置拍摄通孔，另一摄像模组可通过拍摄通孔采集光线，以进行拍摄。
扬声器模组500收容于壳体100内。扬声器模组500位于显示模组200与后盖120之间。扬声器模组500发出的声音能够经扬声孔1001传输至电子设备1的外部，以实现电子设备1的声音播放功能。扬声器模组500包括扬声器内核，扬声器内核可以采用后文实施例描述的电声换能器510。其它实施例中，扬声器内核也可以采用其他结构的电声换能器。
主板600、电池700均收容于壳体100的内部。主板600位于电池700的其中一侧，示例性地，主板600位于电子设备1的上部，电池700位于电子设备1的下部。电池700用于为电子设备1供电。主板600可以为硬质主板，也可以为柔性主板，也可以为软硬结合主板。另外，主板600可以用于设置芯片，芯片可以为中央处理器(central processing unit，简称CPU)、图形处理器(graphics processing unit，简称GPU)以及通用存储器(universal flash storage，简称UFS)等。显示模组200、摄像模组400、扬声器模组500及受话器300等电子设备1的功能模组耦合CPU。
请一并参考图2和图3，图2为图1所示的电子设备的扬声器模组的结构示意图，图3为图2所示的扬声器模组的分解示意图。
扬声器模组500包括电声换能器510、盒体520、盖体530以及电路板540。盖体530设置在盒体520的一侧，两者固定连接以形成音箱。电声换能器510位于音箱内部。电路板540的一端位于音箱内部，用以连接电声换能器510；电路板540的另一端位于音箱外部，以电连接电声换能器510与扬声器模组500的外部器件。示例性地，电路板540位于音箱外部的一端可以固定并电连接至主板。
盒体520的侧面开设有出音孔521，出音孔521连通音箱内部与音箱外部。电声换能器510发出的声音能够经出音孔521传输至音箱外部。结合图1所示，壳体100的扬声孔1001连通扬声器模组500的出音孔521与电子设备1的外部，电声换能器510发出的声音 能够经出音孔521和扬声孔1001传输至电子设备1的外部。
盒体520朝向盖体530的一端还设有连通音箱内部与音箱外部的开槽522，电路板540具体可通过开槽522伸出至音箱外部。电路板540可以采用柔性电路板，具体实施时，盒体520内设有朝向盖体530的方向设置的凸起523，凸起523的一端靠近开槽522设置，另一端靠近电声换能器510设置，电路板540位于音箱内的部分设置在凸起523的端面，这样可以将电路板540稳定地固定于音箱内，以降低电路板540因晃动而发生损坏的风险。另外，电路板540位于音箱内的一端可包括两个分支，两个分支的末端分别形成为与电声换声器510连接的两个连接端。
一并参考图4和图5所示，图4为本申请实施例提供的电声换能器的结构示意图，图5为图4所示的电声换能器的一种局部分解示意图。在本申请实施例中，定义x方向为电声换能器510的长度方向，y方向为电声换能器510的宽度方向，z方向为电声换能器510的厚度方向。需要说明的是，本申请实施例的电声换能器510所采用“顶”“底”等方位用词主要依据电声换能器510于附图4中的展示方位进行阐述，并不形成对电声换能器510于实际应用场景中的方位的限定。
电声换能器510包括框架10、振动组件20及磁路组件30，振动组件20和磁路组件30分别安装于框架10。振动组件20的各部件中与框架10连接的部分相对框架10固定，其余部分可相对框架10振动。磁路组件30相对框架10固定，磁路组件30可用于为振动组件20提供驱动磁场。
参考图6所示，图6为图4所示的电声换能器的振动组件的局部分解示意图。电声换能器的振动组件20包括音膜21、连接框22、音圈23、两个柔性电路板24以及两个辅助振膜25。音圈23可大致呈矩形环状结构，示例性地，音圈23可以为圆角矩形环状。音圈23包括四个直边和四个角部，相邻的两个直边之间连接有一个角部。在本实施例中，音圈23插入磁路组件，在磁路组件提供的磁场的作用下，音圈23通电时即可产生安培力，继而驱动振动组件的其它部件振动。
音膜21包括振膜211和球顶212。振膜211大致呈矩形环状，包括第一固定部213、振动部214及第二固定部215，第一固定部213位于振动部214的内侧，第二固定部215位于振动部214的外侧。振膜211的第一固定部213与球顶212固定连接，第二固定部215与框架固定连接，且在具体设置时，球顶212与第一固定部213的顶面连接，框架与第二固定部215的底面连接。振膜211的振动部214的截面形状呈弧形或近似弧形，振动部214的延伸轨迹呈圆角矩形，且振动部214上凸设置，也即振动部214朝向远离音圈23的方向凸起。振动部214在受到外力时能够发生形变，使得第一固定部213及球顶212相对第二固定部215移动。
连接框22可用于将音圈23与音膜21连接，具体地，连接框22包括本体221和延伸部222，本体221的形状大致为与音圈23相匹配的矩形环状，本体221的一端与音圈23朝向音膜21的一侧端面连接，本体221的另一端与音膜21朝向音圈23的一侧端面连接。延伸部222设置在本体221朝向音圈23的一端，当本体221与音圈23固定时，延伸部222贴附在音圈23的外周面。延伸部222的数量可以为一个或多个，示例性地，延伸部222的数量为图6中所示的两个，两个延伸部222可对称设置在本体221的两个对角附近，这样，在将本体221与音圈23组装之后，该两个延伸部222可分别贴附固定在音圈23呈对角设置的两个角部的外周面，从而可以在保证音圈23的受力均匀性的前提下，提高连接 框22与音圈23的连接强度。通过设置连接框22，可以将音圈23与音膜21隔离，使得音膜21远离音圈23，另外连接框22还可以对音圈23起到散热作用，从而降低因音圈23过热而对音膜21造成损伤的风险。
请再次参考图6，两个柔性电路板24的结构相同，且两个柔性电路板24呈中心对称设置在音圈23的外周侧，示例性地，两个柔性电路板24分别设置在音圈23呈对角设置的两个角部附近。音圈23的引线两端可分别电连接至两个柔性电路板24，并由两个柔性电路板24与前述电路板电连接，以实现与电声换能器外部器件的电连接。或者，音圈23的引线两端也可以电连接至其中的一个柔性电路板24，并由该柔性电路板24与前述电路板电连接，实现与电声换能器外部器件的电连接。
具体实施时，柔性电路板24包括第一连接部241、第二连接部242及第三连接部243，第二连接部242连接于第一连接部241与第三连接部243之间。第一连接部241、第二连接部242及第三连接部243大致为条形结构，第一连接部241与音圈23对应角部的外周面连接，并且为了增加第一连接部241与音圈23的接触面积，第一连接部241的首端可以延伸至音圈23上与对应角部相邻的、沿第一方向(即电声换能器的宽度方向y)延伸的一个外侧面。第二连接部242的首端与第一连接部241的末端连接，第二连接部242位于第一连接部241远离音圈23的一侧，且第二连接部242与第一连接部241之间间隔设置。第三连接部243的首端与第二连接部242的末端连接，第三连接部243位于第二连接部242远离第一连接部241的一侧，且第三连接部243与第二连接部242之间间隔设置。示例性地，第一连接部241与第二连接部242的连接位置大致呈U形设置，第二连接部242与第三连接部243的连接位置也大致呈U形设置。
另外，当音圈23为圆角矩形结构时，为了与音圈23的外周面形状更好地匹配，第一连接部241、第二连接部242可分别包括弧线段和直线段。其中，第一连接部241的直线段2412靠近其首端设置，第一连接部241的弧线段2411靠近其末端设置；第二连接部242的弧线段2421靠近其首端设置，第二连接部242的直线段2422靠近其末端设置。第三连接部243大致呈L形设置，第三连接部243的拐角位置位于第二连接部242的弧线段的外侧，且第三连接部243的拐角为圆角。在本实施例中，第一连接部241的弧线段2411、第二连接部242的弧线段2421及第三连接部243的拐角均与音圈23对应的角部同轴设置。可以理解的是，两个结构同轴设置，是指这两个结构的圆心轴线(或称为中心线)重合，允许由于制作公差、组装公差等产生的少许偏差。
在本实施例中，由于第一连接部241的弧线段2411、第二连接部242的弧线段2421及第三连接部243的拐角与音圈23对应的角部同轴设置，当音圈23带动柔性电路板24振动时，柔性电路板24的形状能够更好地适应变形和位移需求，使得柔性电路板24的可靠性更佳、使用寿命更长。此外，采用这种设置，也使得各个连接部能够充分利用音圈23的角部的外侧空间，从而可以排布更长尺寸的走线，使得柔性电路板24在随音圈23大幅度振动时，应力较小，柔性电路板24的可靠性更高。
图7为图4所示的电声换能器的振动组件在A-A方向的剖视图。一并参考图6和图7，两个辅助振膜25的结构相同，且两个辅助振膜25分别对应两个柔性电路板24设置，具体地，两个辅助振膜25可分别设置在对应的柔性电路板24的底面一侧。辅助振膜25包括第一固定部251、振动部252及第二固定部253，第一固定部251位于振动部252的内侧，第二固定部253位于振动部252的外侧。辅助振膜25的延伸轨迹与第一连接部241 的轨迹相匹配，辅助振膜25的第一固定部251与对应的柔性电路板24的第一连接部241固定连接，第二固定部253与对应的柔性电路板24的第三连接部243固定连接。辅助振膜25的振动部截面形状呈弧形或近似弧形，振动部252下凹设置，也即振动部252向远离柔性电路板24的方向凸起。辅助振膜25的振动部252在受到外力时能够发生形变，使得辅助振膜25的第一固定部251与第二固定部253相对彼此移动。
参考图8所示，图8为图4所示的电声换能器的磁路组件的局部分解示意图。电声换能器的磁路组件30包括中心极片31、边极片32、中心磁铁33、两个边磁铁34以及下极片35。其中，中心极片31、边极片32及下极片35分别为导磁件，中心磁铁33、两个边磁铁34分别为永磁铁。
具体实施时，中心磁铁33和两个边磁铁34分别设置在下极片35的顶面，各磁铁可通过粘接方式与下极片35的顶面相互固定。中心磁铁33大致呈矩形结构，示例性地，中心磁铁33可以为圆角矩形结构。中心磁铁33包括四个侧面和四个角部，相邻两个侧面之间连接有一个角部。两个边磁铁34呈中心对称设置在中心磁铁33的外周侧，且两个边磁铁34与中心磁铁33之间形成有第一间隙36。示例性地，两个边磁铁34可以分别围绕中心磁铁33呈对角设置的两个角部设置。
边磁铁34包括沿第一方向(即电声换能器的宽度方向y)设置的第一分支341，以及沿第二方向(即电声换能器的长度方向x)设置的第二分支342，也即边磁铁34大致呈L形设置。具体实施时，对位于中心磁铁33左侧的边磁铁34a，其第一分支341位于中心磁铁33的第一侧面331的外侧，其第二分支342位于中心磁铁33的第二侧面332的外侧，也即该边磁铁34a围绕第一侧面331与第二侧面332之间的第一角部A设置；对于位于中心磁铁33右侧的边磁铁34b，其第一分支341位于中心磁铁33的第三侧面333的外侧，其第二分支342位于中心磁铁33的第四侧面334的外侧，也即该边磁铁34b围绕第三侧面333与第四侧面334之间的第二角部B设置。当中心磁铁33为圆角矩形结构时，第一分支341与第二分支342的连接位置的拐角也为圆角，且该圆角与中心磁铁33对应的角部同轴设置，这样可以使得边磁铁34与中心磁铁33的外周面形状更好地匹配，从而可以在边磁铁34与中心磁铁33之间的第一间隙36内形成强度均匀的磁场。可以理解的，中心磁铁33的第一侧面331与第三侧面333分别为沿y轴方向设置的侧面，中心磁铁33的第二侧面332与第四侧面334分别为沿x轴方向设置的侧面。
另外，在中心磁铁33的第一侧面331，对应的第一分支341延伸至第一角部A与第三角部C之间的某一位置，例如靠近第一侧面331的中部区域的位置；在中心磁铁33的第四侧面334，对应的第二分支342大致延伸至第四侧面334靠近第三角部C的一端，其中，中心磁铁33的第三角部C为第一侧面331与第四侧面334之间的角部。类似地，在中心磁铁33的第三侧面333，对应的第一分支341延伸至第二角部B与第四角部D之间的某一位置，例如靠近第三侧面333的中部区域的位置；在中心磁铁33的第二侧面332，对应的第二分支342大致延伸至靠近第四角部D的一端，其中，中心磁铁33的第四角部D为第二侧面332与第三侧面333之间的角部。这样，中心磁铁33的第三角部C与第四角部D的外侧分别形成连通空间37，各连通空间37分别连通左右两侧两个边磁铁34与中心磁铁33之间的第一间隙36，并连通至磁路组件30的外部。
继续参考图8，中心极片31位于中心磁铁33背离下极片35的一侧，中心极片31具体可通过粘接的方式与中心磁铁33相互固定。边极片32位于两个边磁铁34背离下极片 35的一侧，类似地，边极片32可以通过粘接的方式与边磁铁34相互固定。具体实施时，边极片32大致呈框形结构，且边极片32围绕中心极片31设置，边极片32与中心极片31之间具有第二间隙38，第二间隙38连通第一间隙36。在边极片32朝向中心极片31的内侧，边极片32对应上述两个连通空间37的位置分别开设有第一缺口321和第二缺口322，以将各个连通空间37在z轴正方向与磁路组件30的外部连通，增加连通空间37在z轴方向的尺寸。
另外，下极片35对应上述两个连通空间37的位置也可以开设有缺口，分别为第三缺口351和第四缺口352，第三缺口352和第四缺口352可以将各个连通空间37在z轴负方向与磁路组件30的外部连通，从而增加连通空间37在z轴方向的尺寸。
一并参考图8至图10，图9为图4所示的电声换能器的一种局部结构示意图，图10为图4所示的电声换能器在A-A方向的剖视图。在将振动组件20、框架10及磁路组件30组装之后，音膜21的周缘固定于框架10的第一面，例如，音膜21的第二固定部211可以通过粘接方式与框架10相互固定。音膜21的振动方向平行于电声换能器510的厚度方向z。音圈23位于框架10的内侧，且音圈23的一端与音膜21固定连接。示例性地，音圈23通过连接框22与音膜21的第一固定部213固定连接。
中心磁铁33、两个边磁铁34固定于下极片35朝向框体10的一侧，其中一个边磁铁34a围绕中心磁铁33的第一角部A设置，另一个边磁铁34b围绕中心磁铁33的第二角部B设置。音圈23远离音膜21的一端部分插入中心磁铁33与边磁铁34形成的第一间隙36内。
边极片32朝向音膜21的一面的边缘与框架10的第二面固定连接，边极片32背向音膜21的一面与两个边磁铁34固定连接。中心极片31位于边极片32的内侧，且中心极片31固定于中心磁铁33朝向音膜21的一面。沿z轴负方向，音圈23远离音膜21的一端依次插入第二间隙38与第一间隙36内。
两个柔性电路板24位于边极片32背离框架10的一侧，且两个柔性电路板24分别设置在音圈23呈对角设置的两个角部附近。示例性地，柔性电路板24a的第一连接部241与音圈23的第三拐角C1的外周面远离音膜21的一端固定连接，柔性电路板24a的第三连接部243与边极片32背离框架10的一面的边缘固定连接。柔性电路板24b的第一连接部241与音圈23的第四拐角D1的外周面远离音膜21的一端固定连接，柔性电路板24b的第三连接部243与边极片32背离框架10的一面的边缘固定连接。在边极片32朝向框架10的一面，边极片32的第一缺口321可以暴露出柔性电路板24a的第一连接部241与第二连接部242，边极片32的第二缺口322可以暴露出柔性电路板24b的第一连接部241与第二连接部242。也即，在xy平面，两个边磁铁34与两个柔性电路板24近似呈错位设置的关系，两个边磁铁34占据音圈23的其中一对拐角(即音圈的第一拐角A1与第二拐角B1)的外周侧区域，两个柔性电路板24占据音圈23的另外一对拐角(即音圈的第三拐角C1与第四拐角D1)的外周侧区域。
需要说明的是，上述方案中，音圈23环设在中心磁铁33的外周侧，音圈23的第一拐角A1、第二拐角B1、第三拐角C1及第四拐角D1分别对应中心磁铁33的第一角部A、第二角部B、第三角部C和及第四角部D。
两个辅助振膜25分别固定在两个柔性电路板24背离边极片32的一面，辅助振膜25的第一固定部251与对应的柔性电路板24的第一连接部241固定连接，第二固定部253 与对应的柔性电路板24的第三连接部243固定连接，辅助振膜25的振动部252与对应的柔性电路板24的第二连接部242位置相对。这时，两个辅助振膜25分别位于磁路组件30的两个连通空间37内。
另外，在本实施例中，柔性电路板24与边磁铁34在z轴方向可以具有重叠的区域，以在保证边磁铁34具有较大的尺寸的同时，增加柔性电路板24的长度，从而提高磁路组件30的磁感应强度以及振动组件的振动性能。具体实施时，沿y轴负方向，柔性电路板24a的第二连接部242的直线段超出第一连接部241的直线段，也即，相对第一连接部241的首端，第二连接部242的末端更加靠近音圈23的第一角部A1设置。在中心磁铁33的第一侧面331的外侧，第一分支341朝向边极片32的一面开设有第一避让槽343，柔性电路板24a的第二连接部242的末端部分可延伸至第一分支341的上方，并与第一避让槽343相对设置。另外，边极片32上对应第一避让槽343的位置开设有第一避让孔323，第一避让孔323与第一缺口321连通。这样，当音圈23带动柔性电路板24a沿z向振动时，第一避让槽343与第一避让孔323可以为第二连接部242的运动提供避让空间，以避免第一分支341与边极片32对第二连接部242的运动造成干涉，提高振动组件30的振动性能。
类似地，沿y轴正方向，柔性电路板24b的第二连接部242的直线段超出第一连接部241的直线段，也即，相对第一连接部241的首端，第二连接部242的末端更加靠近音圈的第二角部B1设置。在中心磁铁33的第三侧面333的外侧，第一分支341朝向边极片32的一面开设有第二避让槽344，柔性电路板24b的第二连接部的242末端部分可延伸至第一分支341的上方，并与第二避让槽344相对设置。边极片32上对应第二避让槽344的位置开设有第二避让孔324，第二避让孔324与第二缺口322连通。这样，当音圈23带动柔性电路板24b沿z向振动时，第二避让槽344与第二避让孔324可以为第二连接部242的运动提供避让空间，以避免第一分支341与边极片32对第二连接部242的运动造成干涉，提高振动组件30的振动性能。
需要说明的是，为了降低边磁铁34的制作工艺难度，在一些实施方式中，第一分支341开设有第一避让槽343(第三避让槽344)的部分与边磁铁34的其余部分可以分别成型，然后通再过粘接等方式固定连接。
一并参考图11所示，图11为图4所示的电声换能器在B-B方向的剖视图。示例性地，中心磁铁33靠近中心极片31的一端为N极，靠近下极片35的一端为S极；边磁铁34靠近边极片32的一端为S极，靠近下极片35的一端为N极。磁力线(如图11中虚线所示)的路径为“中心磁铁33的N极—中心极片31—第二间隙38—边极片32—边磁铁34的S极—边磁铁34的N极—下极片35—中心磁铁33的S极”。由于音圈23部分位于第二间隙38，磁路组件于第二间隙36形成磁场，因此，当音圈23通电时，就可产生z轴方向的安培力，从而驱动音圈23及连接音圈23的音膜21振动。音膜21在振动时推动其前方(即z轴正方向)的空气形成声波，使电声换能器510发声。
另外，音圈23振动时，柔性电路板24a的第一连接部241与第二连接部242在第一缺口321及对应的连通空间37内沿z轴方向振动，且从第一连接部241的首端至第二连接部242的末端，振幅逐渐减小；柔性电路板24a的第三连接部243与边极片32的边缘固定，不随音圈23振动；辅助振膜25在第一缺口321下方的连通空间37内沿z轴方向振动。柔性电路板24b的第一连接部241与第二连接部242在第二缺口322及对应的连通空间37内沿z轴方向振动，且从第一连接部241的首端至第二连接部242的末端，振幅逐渐减小； 柔性电路板24b的第三连接部243与边极片32的边缘固定，不随音圈23振动；辅助振膜25在第二缺口322下方的连通空间37内沿z轴方向振动。
在本实施例中，位于音圈23上部的音膜21可形成为电声换能器510的第一顺性系统，位于音圈23下部的柔性电路板24及辅助振膜25可形成为电声换能器510的第二顺性系统，两个顺性系统随音圈23振动时，能够抑制音圈23滚振，有助于使电声换能器510获得较佳的音质。其中，顺性系统的顺性系数是弹性系数的倒数，顺性系数越高的部件受力时更易发生变形。
示例性地，在两个顺性系统中，音膜21的硬度较大、顺性较小，以使音膜21能够顺利推动空气发出声音；柔性电路板24和辅助振膜25的硬度较小、顺性较大，以使两个顺性系统的总硬度适当，从而保证电声换能器510的工作可靠性。另外，在具体设计时，辅助振膜25的硬度可以大于柔性电路板24的硬度，这样可以得使第二顺性系统的稳定性较佳，从而更好地抑制音圈23摇摆，减小音圈23的滚动幅度。
相较于传统的将边磁铁排布于中心磁铁的侧面的电声换能器，本实施例的电声换能器通过将边磁铁设计为L型结构，使两个边磁铁分别围绕中心磁铁呈对角排布的两个角部设置，从而填补了两个角部外周侧的磁铁缺失，使边磁铁的整体尺寸至少可以增加20％，因此可以有效提高磁路组件的磁感应强度，进而提升磁路组件的驱动能力，使电声换能器具有更佳的灵敏度。经验证，本实施例提供的电声换能器的灵敏度可以提升1dB以上。
以上，仅为本申请的具体实施方式，但本申请的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本申请揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到变化或替换，都应涵盖在本申请的保护范围之内。因此，本申请的保护范围应以权利要求的保护范围为准。

Claims (14)

  1. 一种电声换能器，其特征在于，包括中心磁铁、两个边磁铁、下极片、边极片、框架、音膜、音圈以及两个柔性电路板，其中：
    所述中心磁铁和两个所述边磁铁分别设置于所述下极片的一面；所述中心磁铁呈矩形结构，包括对角设置的第一角部与第二角部；两个所述边磁铁分别围绕所述第一角部与所述第二角部呈中心对称设置，且所述边磁铁与所述中心磁铁之间具有第一间隙；
    所述边极片设置于两个所述边磁铁背向所述下极片的一面；
    所述框架的一面与所述边极片背向所述下极片的一面固定连接，所述框架的另一面与所述音膜的周缘固定连接；
    所述音圈位于所述框架的内侧，所述音圈呈矩形环状结构，所述音圈的一端与所述音膜固定连接，另一端插入所述第一间隙；
    两个所述柔性电路板对称分布于所述音圈的周侧，且所述柔性电路板的一端与所述音圈固定连接，另一端与边极片固定连接。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的电声换能器，其特征在于，所述中心磁铁包括与所述第一角部相邻的第一侧面和第二侧面，以及与所述第二角部相邻的第三侧面和第四侧面；
    所述边磁铁包括连接为L型结构的第一分支和第二分支，其中一个所述边磁铁的所述第一分支与所述第二分支分别位于所述第一侧面与所述第二侧面的外侧，另一个所述边磁铁的所述第一分支与所述第二分支分别位于所述第三侧面与所述第四侧面的外侧。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的电声换能器，其特征在于，所述中心磁铁包括还包括对角设置的第三角部与第四角部；
    其中一个所述边磁铁的所述第一分支延伸至所述第一角部与所述第三角部之间，所述第二分支延伸至所述第二侧面靠近所述第四角部的一端；另一个所述边磁铁的所述第一分支延伸至所述第二角部与所述第四角部之间，所述第二分支延伸至所述第四侧面靠近所述第三角部的一端。
  4. 如权利要求1～3任一项所述的电声换能器，其特征在于，所述音圈包括与所述第三角部和所述第四角部分别对应的第三拐角和第四拐角；
    两个所述柔性电路板分别设置于所述第三拐角与第四拐角的外周侧，且所述柔性电路板的一端与所述音圈固定连接，另一端与边极片朝向所述下极片的一面固定连接。
  5. 如权利要求4所述的电声换能器，其特征在于，所述柔性电路板包括依次连接的第一连接部、第二连接部及第三连接部，所述第一连接部与所述音圈固定连接，所述第二连接部位于所述第一连接部远离所述音圈的一侧，所述第三连接部位于所述第二连接部远离所述第一连接部的一侧，且所述第三连接部与所述边极片固定连接；
    所述边极片设置有对称分布的第一缺口和第二缺口，所述第一缺口与所述第二缺口分别暴露出两个所述柔性电路板的第一连接部和部分第二连接部。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的电声换能器，其特征在于，在所述第一侧面的外周侧及所述第三侧面的外周侧，所述第二连接部与所述第三连接部连接的一端叠置于所述第一分支背向所述下极片的一面，所述第一分支对应所述第二连接部的端部的位置开设有避让槽。
  7. 如权利要求6所述的电声换能器，其特征在于，所述边极片对应两个所述避让槽的位置分别开设有避让孔，两个所述避让孔分别与所述第一缺口和第二缺口连通。
  8. 如权利要求5～7任一项所述的电声换能器，其特征在于，所述电声换能器还包括两个辅助振膜，两个所述辅助振膜分别设置于两个所述柔性电路板背向所述音膜的一侧，所述辅助振膜的一端与对应的所述柔性电路板的所述第一连接部固定连接，所述辅助振膜的另一端与对应的所述柔性电路板的所述第三连接部固定连接。
  9. 如权利要求8所述的电声换能器，其特征在于，所述音膜包括振动部，所述音膜的振动部的截面形状呈弧形，且所述音膜的振动部背向所述下极片的方向凸起；
    所述辅助振膜包括振动部，所述辅助振膜的振动部的截面形状呈弧形，且所述辅助振膜的振动部朝向所述下极片的方向凸起。
  10. 如权利要求8或9所述的电声换能器，其特征在于，所述下极片对应两个所述辅助振膜的位置分别开设有第三缺口和第四缺口。
  11. 如权利要求1～10任一项所述的电声换能器，其特征在于，所述电声换能器还包括连接框，所述连接框位于所述音圈与所述音膜之间，且所述连接框的一端与所述音圈固定连接，另一端与所述音膜固定连接。
  12. 一种扬声器模组，其特征在于，包括盒体以及如权利要求1～11任一项所述的电声换能器，所述电声换能器设置于所述盒体内，所述盒体设置有出音孔。
  13. 一种电子设备，其特征在于，包括壳体以及如权利要求12所述的扬声器模组，所述扬声器模组设置于所述壳体内，所述壳体设置有扬声孔，所述扬声孔连通所述出音孔与所述电子设备的外部。
  14. 一种电子设备，其特征在于，包括壳体、显示模组及受话器，所述受话器设置于所述壳体内，所述受话器为权利要求1～11任一项所述的电声换能器；
    所述显示模组包括玻璃盖板及显示面板，所述玻璃盖板固定于所述壳体，所述显示面板固定于所述玻璃盖板朝向所述壳体的内表面；
    所述盖板设有受话孔，或者，所述盖板的边缘与所述壳体之间形成受话孔，或者，所述壳体设有受话孔；
    所述受话器发出的声音能够由所述受话孔传输至所述电子设备的外部。
PCT/CN2021/112206 2020-08-25 2021-08-12 一种电声换能器、扬声器模组及电子设备 WO2022042317A1 (zh)

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