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WO2021249024A1 - 变焦镜组、镜头组件、摄像装置、电子设备及变焦方法 - Google Patents

变焦镜组、镜头组件、摄像装置、电子设备及变焦方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021249024A1
WO2021249024A1 PCT/CN2021/087952 CN2021087952W WO2021249024A1 WO 2021249024 A1 WO2021249024 A1 WO 2021249024A1 CN 2021087952 W CN2021087952 W CN 2021087952W WO 2021249024 A1 WO2021249024 A1 WO 2021249024A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
optical
lens group
zoom lens
housing
zoom
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2021/087952
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
李�灿
陈勇
袁婷
李斐
张绍鹏
罗水针
Original Assignee
华为技术有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 华为技术有限公司 filed Critical 华为技术有限公司
Priority to EP21815870.7A priority Critical patent/EP3968074A4/en
Publication of WO2021249024A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021249024A1/zh
Priority to US17/566,331 priority patent/US20220121019A1/en

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B15/00—Optical objectives with means for varying the magnification
    • G02B15/02—Optical objectives with means for varying the magnification by changing, adding, or subtracting a part of the objective, e.g. convertible objective
    • G02B15/10—Optical objectives with means for varying the magnification by changing, adding, or subtracting a part of the objective, e.g. convertible objective by adding a part, e.g. close-up attachment
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B7/00—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements
    • G02B7/02—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements for lenses
    • G02B7/04—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements for lenses with mechanism for focusing or varying magnification
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B15/00—Optical objectives with means for varying the magnification
    • G02B15/14—Optical objectives with means for varying the magnification by axial movement of one or more lenses or groups of lenses relative to the image plane for continuously varying the equivalent focal length of the objective
    • G02B15/142—Optical objectives with means for varying the magnification by axial movement of one or more lenses or groups of lenses relative to the image plane for continuously varying the equivalent focal length of the objective having two groups only
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B7/00—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements
    • G02B7/02—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements for lenses
    • G02B7/022—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements for lenses lens and mount having complementary engagement means, e.g. screw/thread
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B7/00—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements
    • G02B7/02—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements for lenses
    • G02B7/025—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements for lenses using glue
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B7/00—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements
    • G02B7/18—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements for prisms; for mirrors
    • G02B7/182—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements for prisms; for mirrors for mirrors
    • G02B7/1821—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements for prisms; for mirrors for mirrors for rotating or oscillating mirrors
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
    • G03B3/00—Focusing arrangements of general interest for cameras, projectors or printers
    • G03B3/10—Power-operated focusing
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
    • G03B30/00—Camera modules comprising integrated lens units and imaging units, specially adapted for being embedded in other devices, e.g. mobile phones or vehicles
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
    • G03B5/00—Adjustment of optical system relative to image or object surface other than for focusing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N23/00—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof
    • H04N23/50—Constructional details
    • H04N23/51—Housings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N23/00—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof
    • H04N23/50—Constructional details
    • H04N23/55—Optical parts specially adapted for electronic image sensors; Mounting thereof
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N23/00—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof
    • H04N23/57—Mechanical or electrical details of cameras or camera modules specially adapted for being embedded in other devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N23/00—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof
    • H04N23/95—Computational photography systems, e.g. light-field imaging systems
    • H04N23/957—Light-field or plenoptic cameras or camera modules
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
    • G03B2205/00—Adjustment of optical system relative to image or object surface other than for focusing
    • G03B2205/0007—Movement of one or more optical elements for control of motion blur
    • G03B2205/0023—Movement of one or more optical elements for control of motion blur by tilting or inclining one or more optical elements with respect to the optical axis
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
    • G03B2205/00—Adjustment of optical system relative to image or object surface other than for focusing
    • G03B2205/0046—Movement of one or more optical elements for zooming
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
    • G03B5/00—Adjustment of optical system relative to image or object surface other than for focusing
    • G03B5/06—Swinging lens about normal to the optical axis

Definitions

  • This application relates to the field of optical technology, and in particular to a zoom lens group, lens assembly, camera device, electronic equipment, and zoom method.
  • the commonly used horizontal zoom system solution in the industry realizes the switching of the lens focusing between the long focus and the short focus.
  • the main implementation steps of this technology are as follows: the lens is divided into a front group and a rear group, the front group is a movable group, and the Move this group to achieve the zoom effect of the lens.
  • the rear group can be a fixed group or a focusing group.
  • the light passes through the front and rear groups, and finally a clear image on the image sensor.
  • the horizontal zoom system achieves zooming by increasing the optical interval between lens groups, which will cause the overall length of the optical system to increase during the zooming process, which is in contradiction with the concept of miniaturization of the whole machine.
  • This application provides a zoom lens group, a lens assembly, a camera device, an electronic device, and a zoom method.
  • the driving part drives the zoom lens group to cut into or out of the light path on the object side of the imaging lens group to achieve zooming and expand the field of view. Realize the wide-angle function.
  • the present application provides a zoom lens group, which is applied in an imaging device and is located on the object side of the imaging lens group of the imaging device along the optical axis direction.
  • the zoom lens group includes an optical part and a driving part,
  • the optical element includes a lens barrel and a lens group assembled in the lens barrel.
  • the number of lenses included in the lens group may be one or two or more than two, and the driving element is connected to the lens barrel ,
  • the driving member is used to drive the optical member to move along the first direction to make the optical member cut into or out of the optical path to achieve zooming, the first direction and the optical axis are arranged at an angle, and the optical When the member cuts into the optical path, the optical member is located on the optical axis, and the optical member is used to expand the field of view of the imaging lens group.
  • the angle between the first direction and the optical axis may be 90 degrees or close to 90 degrees, so that the direction of optical movement is perpendicular to the optical axis or nearly perpendicular to the optical axis, and the direction perpendicular to the optical axis cuts into or out of the optical axis. It does not affect the total length of the optical system in the direction of the optical axis.
  • the zoom lens group is arranged on the object side of the imaging lens group, and the driving part drives the optical part to move in the first direction to cut the optical part into or out of the optical path to achieve zooming.
  • the first direction is arranged at an angle with the optical axis .
  • This application does not move the lens group along the optical axis, but realizes zooming by cutting the lens group into or out of the optical path.
  • This application uses the lateral space by moving the optical element in the first direction relative to the optical axis. (That is, the space perpendicular to the optical axis direction), there is no need to move the optical element along the optical axis direction, so the total length of the optical system with a smaller size can be obtained.
  • the zoom lens set provided in this application can effectively use the idle space outside the camera device in the electronic equipment to arrange the zoom Therefore, the zoom lens group provided in the present application is small in favor of miniaturization of electronic equipment. Moreover, the zoom lens group is located on the object side of the imaging lens group, which can expand the field of view of the imaging lens group.
  • the zoom lens group is used as a variable magnification group to change the field of view of the imaging lens group.
  • the lens group of the optical element includes at least one lens, and the number of lenses is not limited, and may be one, two, three or more.
  • the piece of lens close to the object side is a first lens, and the first lens may have a negative refractive power, so that when the zoom lens group cuts into the optical path, the imaging device can be enlarged.
  • the angle of view is used as a variable magnification group to change the field of view of the imaging lens group.
  • the optical element includes a first lens and a second lens arranged in order along the optical axis, the object side of the first lens is convex near the optical axis, and the image side of the first lens has a low beam.
  • the axis is concave, and the refractive power of the first lens is negative; the object side and the image side of the second lens near the optical axis are both concave, and the refractive power of the second lens is negative.
  • the first lens and the second lens are combined and placed on the object side of the imaging lens group, which can adjust the focal length and expand the field of view.
  • the optical power of the optical component provided in this embodiment is negative.
  • the optical element includes a first lens, a second lens, and a third lens arranged in sequence along the optical axis, and the first lens is the first lens of the optical element close to the object side.
  • the object side of the first lens is concave near the optical axis, the image side of the first lens is concave near the optical axis, and the refractive power of the first lens is negative;
  • the object side of the second lens is convex near the optical axis.
  • the image side of the second lens is concave near the optical axis, the second lens has a positive refractive power;
  • the object side of the third lens is convex near the optical axis, and the image side of the third lens is convex near the optical axis.
  • the optical power of the lens is positive.
  • the first lens, the second lens, and the third lens are combined and placed on the object side of the imaging lens group, which can adjust the focal length and expand the field of view.
  • the optical power provided by this embodiment is negative.
  • the optical component includes only one lens, and the refractive power of the lens is negative.
  • the radius range of the object side surface of this lens
  • the radius range of the image side surface of this lens -35mm ⁇ R2 ⁇ -15mm.
  • the first direction is perpendicular to the optical axis, which can be understood as: the first direction and the optical axis are close to perpendicular, including an absolute ideal state with an included angle of 90 degrees, It also includes a range of angles floating up and down 90 degrees, for example, between 80 degrees and 100 degrees.
  • vertical in the vertical relationship between the two features described in all the embodiments of this application can be understood as: a state close to vertical, for example, the angle between the object side surface of the first optical element and the optical axis is 90 Within a certain allowable tolerance range, such as 85-95 degrees, this tolerance can be understood as assembly tolerance, flatness tolerance formed in the process of processing optical parts, and so on. (This description is applicable to other subsequent embodiments, and the explanation will not be repeated in subsequent implementations)
  • the zoom lens group includes a housing, the optical component is housed in the housing, and the housing is connected to the imaging lens group.
  • the specific connection mode may be a detachable connection or a fixed connection.
  • the housing of the zoom lens group encloses an accommodation space
  • the optical element is accommodated in the accommodation space
  • the housing is provided with a first opening and a second opening that are arranged oppositely
  • the The driving member drives the optical member to move in the accommodating space.
  • the optical member moves between the first opening and the second opening
  • the optical member cuts into the optical path
  • the lens The group is located between the first opening and the imaging assembly.
  • the housing includes a housing main body and a cover plate.
  • the housing main body includes a bottom wall and a side wall that collectively enclose and form a receiving space.
  • the bottom wall is connected to one end of the side wall, and the other end of the side wall is an opening. It can be installed inside the main housing from this opening position, and the cover plate is connected to the other end of the side wall.
  • the second opening is located on the bottom wall of the shell body, and the first opening is located on the cover plate.
  • the first opening and the second opening are arranged directly opposite, and the line connecting the center of the first opening and the center of the second opening is collinear with the optical axis of the imaging lens group.
  • the size of the first opening may be larger than the size of the second opening. Since the zoom lens group has the effect of expanding the angle of view, setting the size of the first opening to be larger than the size of the second opening is beneficial to match the large viewing angle.
  • the first opening and the second opening can have the same shape and size.
  • a transparent protective sheet for example, protective glass
  • part of the imaging lens group extends into the housing, so that the light directly enters the imaging lens group in the housing.
  • the second opening is used to allow part of the imaging lens group to pass through and extend into the accommodating space, and the housing is connected to the lens barrel of the imaging lens group so that the optical element can exit The light rays enter the imaging lens group in the containing space.
  • the imaging lens group includes a lens group and a lens barrel, and a fixing plate protrudes from the periphery of the lens barrel of the imaging lens group, and the fixing plate is ring-shaped.
  • the lens barrels are distributed on both sides of the fixing plate.
  • a fixing portion protrudes from the outer surface of the housing of the zoom lens group.
  • the fixing portion is ring-shaped and surrounds the second opening. Part of the lens barrel of the imaging lens group extends into the second opening.
  • the fixing plate is overlapped to the fixing portion and is connected to the fixing portion in a sealed manner. Specifically, the connection can be sealed with glue.
  • the zoom lens becomes a modularized overall structure.
  • the zoom lens group can be decoupled from the imaging lens group or the optical system, that is, it can become an independent unit.
  • a separate device which has the advantages of easy operation in terms of design and assembly.
  • the zoom lens group is installed in an optical system, such as a camera. Only the housing needs to be positioned to ensure the connection between the center of the first opening and the center of the second opening. The positional relationship between the line and the optical axis can ensure the accuracy of assembly.
  • the independent zoom lens group can be matched with different types of imaging lens groups, making the zoom lens group widely used.
  • the housing can be fixedly connected with the imaging lens group to form a fixed optical structure.
  • This solution is suitable for fixed-focus cameras.
  • the housing and the imaging lens group can also be connected in an unfixed manner, such as relative sliding and relative rotation, and there is a degree of freedom between them. This solution can be applied to a continuous zoom camera.
  • the driving part includes a motor, a screw rod and a matching part
  • the motor drives the screw rod to rotate
  • the matching part is threadedly fitted with the screw rod
  • the matching part is fixedly connected to
  • the screw rod is rotatably connected to the housing and extends in the first direction in the receiving space.
  • the motor drives the screw rod to rotate, and the screw rod and the matching part are threaded, so that the rotation of the screw rod is converted into the movement of the matching part.
  • the matching structure only needs threaded cooperation, which takes up less space, and is easy to assemble from the aspect of assembly. Ensuring the installation accuracy is conducive to the position accuracy of the optical parts and improves the optical performance of the zoom module.
  • the fitting includes a main body provided with a threaded through hole and a connecting part located at the edge of the main body, the screw rod passes through the threaded through hole, and the outer surface of the lens barrel A groove is provided, and the connecting part is matched with the groove so that the lens barrel is connected to the fitting piece.
  • the structure of the threaded through hole and the screw rod can ensure that the mating part slides on the screw rod in a balanced manner.
  • the mating part and the screw rod are assembled as a whole, and then the connecting part of the mating part is inserted into the lens barrel.
  • the fit between the connecting portion and the groove can be a tight fit, which can be understood as an interference fit, and the fixed connection between the connecting portion and the lens barrel is realized by the friction between the connecting portion and the lens barrel.
  • the connecting structure of the connecting part and the lens barrel in the groove can be set as an elastic connecting structure, for example, elastic pieces, connecting parts and recesses are arranged on the periphery of the connecting part.
  • the inner walls of the groove are held by elastic pieces, and the elastic connection structure can ensure a reliable connection between the connecting portion and the lens barrel, prevent loosening during the movement process, and prevent the lens barrel from shaking.
  • the motor is located outside the housing, and one end of the screw rod extends out of the housing and is connected to the motor.
  • the motor is placed outside the housing, which not only facilitates the wiring of the motor, but also needs to be electrically connected to the drive circuit and the power supply circuit. If the motor is installed in the housing, the electrical connection lines need to extend into the housing, which will lead to complicated wiring. The structure of the shell is also complicated, and wiring holes need to be reserved.
  • the motor will generate heat during the working process, and the optical parts will expand when heated, which will affect the optical performance. Placing the motor outside the housing can isolate the heat of the motor and prevent the optical parts from being deformed or other performance affected by the heating of the motor. Change.
  • the driving member is located outside the housing, and the optical member partially extends out of the housing and is connected to the driving member, or the driving member partially extends into the housing and is connected to the driving member.
  • the optical member partially extends out of the housing and is connected to the driving member, or the driving member partially extends into the housing and is connected to the driving member.
  • the driving part can be assembled to form an integral structure, and then installed on the outer surface of the housing.
  • the housing is provided with a long through slot, and the extension direction of the through slot is the first direction, namely The direction in which the screw rod extends.
  • the lens barrel of the zoom lens group is provided with a part of the structure that cooperates with the connecting part of the driving member and protrudes out of the housing from the position of the through groove.
  • the connecting portion of the driving member can also be extended into the housing from the through slot and matched with the groove on the lens barrel.
  • the drive member further includes a mounting frame, the screw rod and the motor are mounted to the mounting frame to assemble the drive member into an integral structure, and the mounting frame is mounted on the outer surface of the housing.
  • the mounting frame includes a first board, a second board and a third board, the second board and the third board are arranged oppositely, and the first board is connected between the second board and the third board, The second board and the third board are bent and extended in the same direction from opposite sides of the first board, and the second board and the third board are both perpendicular to the first board.
  • One end of the screw rod is rotatably connected to the second plate, and the other end of the screw rod passes through the third plate and is fixedly connected with the motor shaft of the motor.
  • the third plate is provided with a through hole for the screw rod to pass through, and the screw rod and the third plate are in a rotationally connected relationship.
  • the mounting frame is connected to the housing.
  • the motor will also produce vibration during operation.
  • a buffer can be arranged in the outer space of the housing to absorb the vibration of the motor.
  • the buffer is arranged on the outside of the housing and will not affect the space layout in the housing. It is conducive to the miniaturization design of the zoom assembly, and after the vibration of the motor is absorbed by the buffer, the stable state of the housing is ensured, the optical part is protected from the vibration, the optical performance of the optical part is ensured, and the imaging effect is improved. Therefore, the arrangement of the motor outside the housing can also prevent the heat and vibration generated during the working process of the motor from affecting the imaging of the optical element.
  • the buffer member and a heat dissipation structure are jointly arranged on the periphery of the motor, and the heat dissipation structure is used to assist the heat dissipation of the motor.
  • the heat dissipation structure may be a metal heat conduction structure or a graphene heat dissipation material.
  • a guide rod is provided in the housing, the lens barrel is slidably connected to the guide rod, and the extension direction of the guide rod is the first direction.
  • the guide rod and the screw rod jointly form a track for the movement of the optical element, which can ensure the smoothness of the movement of the optical element.
  • the guide rod is a smooth cylindrical rod.
  • the number of guide rods can be two, which are arranged oppositely and are located on both sides of the optical part.
  • the two guide rods and the screw rod form a triangular structure to improve the stability of the assembly position of the optical part. .
  • the optical element is limited in the state of cutting into the optical path and/or the state of moving out of the optical path through the positional cooperation of the optical element and the housing.
  • the housing includes a first limiting wall and a second limiting wall that are arranged oppositely, and two ends of the guide rod are respectively fixed to the first limiting wall and the second limiting wall
  • the zoom lens group further includes a limit slider, the limit slider is slidably connected to the guide rod, the limit slider is fixedly connected to the lens barrel, and the limit slider is connected to the first When a limit wall is pressed against, the optical element cuts into the optical path, and when the limit slider is against the second limit wall, the optical element moves out of the optical path.
  • this embodiment restricts the movement of the optical element through the limiting structure (the matching structure of the first limiting wall, the second limiting wall and the limiting slider).
  • the movement of the optical element is realized through the cooperation of the limit slider and the guide rod, and the position of the optical element is determined by the abutment of the limit slider and the first limit wall and the second limit wall.
  • the limit slider When the limit slider is against the first limit wall, the optical element cuts into the optical path.
  • the position of the optical element can be collected by the control unit, and a signal can be sent to the drive circuit, and the drive circuit can send The command is given to the motor to stop the motor, and at the same time, the control unit can record the position of the optical part.
  • the control unit can record the position of the optical part.
  • the position information of the optical part can be collected by the control unit, and the command can be sent to the motor through the drive circuit to make the motor stop working.
  • cushioning pads such as silicone pads, may be provided on the surfaces of the first and second limiting walls that are in contact with the limiting slider.
  • the cushioning pads may be fixed on the first limiting wall and the second limiting wall.
  • the surface of the limit wall can also be fixed on the surface of the limit slider.
  • the cushion will absorb the limit due to the existence of the cushion
  • the slider moves inertial force.
  • the limit slider stops moving. Because the inertial force is absorbed, the position of the limit slider will stably stop at the first limit wall and the second limit wall. Will rebound due to inertial force.
  • the outer shell and the limit slider are made of rigid materials.
  • Cushion pads are set on their surfaces, which can be fixed by glue, or can be directly fabricated on the first limit wall and the second limit through an integrated molding process. The surface of the wall or the surface of the limit slider.
  • the zoom lens group further includes a position detection unit, the position detection unit is electrically connected to a driving circuit, and the driving part triggers the position when the driving part drives the optical part to move along the first direction.
  • a detecting unit, the position detecting unit sends a signal to the driving circuit, and the driving circuit is configured to drive the driving element according to the signal sent by the position detecting unit, so as to move the optical element by a preset distance.
  • the position detection unit may be an optical coupling device, such as a smooth surface switch.
  • the position detection unit is fixed inside the housing and is located on the path of the movement of the optical element. When the optical element moves to the position detection unit, the position detection unit will detect the optical element, so that the position detection unit can be triggered to generate a position signal and send the position signal to the drive circuit.
  • the position detection unit can be combined with the limit structure to realize the precise positioning of the optical element.
  • the present application provides a lens assembly including an imaging lens group and the zoom lens group provided by any one of the possible implementations of the first aspect, the zoom lens group being located on the object side of the imaging lens group.
  • the imaging lens group itself can image separately, and the zoom lens group is set on the object side of the imaging lens group.
  • the cut-in of the zoom lens group can be combined with the imaging lens group to form images together, and can image the imaging lens group.
  • the imaging zoom can also expand the field of view.
  • the imaging lens group is a fixed focus lens group or a zoom lens group or a focus lens group.
  • the optical axis of the imaging lens group is consistent with the optical axis of the imaging device (or the optical axis of the optical system where the imaging lens group is located), and the focus can be adjusted along the optical axis.
  • the zoom lens group is detachably connected to the imaging lens group.
  • the detachable connection structure can realize the decoupling of the zoom lens group and the imaging lens group, that is, the zoom lens group can be used with a variety of different imaging lens groups.
  • the lens assembly further includes a base for fixing the imaging lens group, and the base includes a fixing cylinder and a positioning column, and the fixing cylinder is used for accommodating the imaging lens group away from the At one end of the zoom lens group, the positioning column is located at the periphery of the fixed barrel, and the positioning column is used for connecting the zoom lens group.
  • the housing of the zoom lens group includes an image side surface that faces the imaging lens group and is provided with a second opening.
  • the image side surface of the housing is provided with a fixing rod, and the extension direction of the fixing rod may be perpendicular to the image side surface of the housing.
  • the base of the mirror group is provided with a fixing rod, and the extension direction of the fixing rod may be perpendicular to the image side surface of the housing.
  • a first space and a second space that are communicated are arranged side by side in the housing along the first direction.
  • the optical element When the optical element is in the first space, the optical element is located between the first opening and the first space. Between the two openings, when the optical member is in the second space, the optical member moves out of the optical path; the fixing rod is located between the first space and the second space, or the The fixing member is located in the second space and adjacent to the first space.
  • an infrared filter switch is provided in the base, and the infrared filter switch is located on the image side of the imaging lens group.
  • Infrared filter switcher includes IR (Infrared-Reflection, infrared cut off) film and AR (Anti-Reflection, high transmittance anti-reflection) film
  • infrared filter switch can realize the switch between IR film and AR film
  • it can improve the shooting effect of the camera device.
  • the ambient light is strong (for example, the camera device is used in the daytime)
  • the film can filter out infrared light to ensure image quality.
  • the ambient light level is weak (such as using a camera device at night), it will automatically switch to the infrared light compensation function.
  • Use the AR film function of the infrared filter switcher Use the AR film function of the infrared filter switcher.
  • the AR film can transmit infrared light (electronic equipment activates infrared Lights, produce infrared light), to compensate for the problem of weak ambient light.
  • the photosensitive device disposed in the camera device senses the change of ambient light, the photosensitive device transmits the signal of the ambient illuminance to the control chip, and the control chip transmits the signal to the driver, starts the work of the driver, and drives the infrared filter to switch Switch between AR film and IR film.
  • a reflective element is provided on the optical path between the zoom lens group and the imaging lens group, and the reflective element can be rotated by a preset angle.
  • the preset angle may be understood as The angle needs to be set, and the reflective element is used to reflect the incident light at an angle and enter the imaging lens group.
  • the present application provides a camera device including an image sensor and the lens assembly provided in any one of the possible implementations of the second aspect, the image sensor being located on the image side of the imaging lens group.
  • the image sensor is arranged on the circuit board, and the circuit board is fixed to the base.
  • the base is connected to the circuit board and the imaging component is installed.
  • the zoom lens group is also connected to the base, so that the optical The parts form a whole, easy to assemble, and the positioning accuracy can be controlled well.
  • the light path directly enters the lens barrel of the imaging lens group inside the housing of the zoom lens group, and then enters the image sensor through the base.
  • the light path is isolated from the outside world, which can be better sealed to prevent dust and other debris from entering the light path, which can improve imaging quality.
  • the present application provides an electronic device that includes a control unit such as the imaging device provided in the third aspect, the control unit is electrically connected to the image sensor, and is used to obtain image data from the imaging device and process all ⁇ image data.
  • a control unit such as the imaging device provided in the third aspect
  • the control unit is electrically connected to the image sensor, and is used to obtain image data from the imaging device and process all ⁇ image data.
  • the electronic device is a smart screen used for video conferencing.
  • the zoom lens group When the optical parts in the zoom lens group cut into the light path, since the zoom lens group has the function of zooming and expanding the angle of view, the zoom lens group Combined with the imaging lens group, the camera device can collect the panoramic view of the conference room and realize panoramic viewing.
  • the imaging lens group can be used for shooting.
  • the imaging lens group can also be combined with other optical parts. For example, the imaging lens group can be combined with a reflector. The shooting effect.
  • the electronic device is a mobile terminal.
  • the zoom lens group and the imaging lens group are combined It enables the camera device to capture a wider range of photography, such as when shooting buildings, bridges and other scenes that require a wide angle; when the optical part moves out of the light path, the imaging lens group is used to shoot, such as when shooting portraits.
  • the electronic device is a surveillance camera.
  • the zoom lens group and the imaging lens group are combined It enables the camera device to capture a wider monitoring range without the need for a combination of multiple small-angle monitoring cameras.
  • the imaging lens group is used to shoot to distinguish the specific details of the object, such as information such as human face or license plate.
  • the electronic device further includes an image transmission unit configured to transmit the image data to the display unit.
  • the image transmission unit may be wired transmission or wireless transmission
  • the display unit can be a display screen of the electronic device itself, such as a smart screen.
  • the display unit can also be another display device independent of the electronic device. For example, when the electronic device is a surveillance camera, the The image is sent to the remote screen.
  • the present application provides a zoom method, which is applied to a camera device, the camera device includes a zoom lens group, an imaging lens group, and an image sensor arranged in order along an optical axis direction, the zoom lens group including optical parts and A driving part, the optical part includes a lens barrel and a lens group assembled in the lens barrel, the driving part is connected to the lens barrel; the zooming method includes:
  • the driving member is activated according to the instruction, so that the driving member drives the optical member to move in a first direction, so that the optical member cuts into or moves out of the optical path to realize the adjustment of the angle of view, the first The direction is set at an included angle with the optical axis.
  • the driving element drives the optical element to cut into the optical path.
  • the driving element drives the optical element to move out of the optical path.
  • a position detection unit is provided in the camera device, and the position of the optical part is detected by the position detection unit.
  • the position detection unit sends a signal to a driving circuit, and the driving circuit drives the driving element according to the signal sent by the position detection unit to move the optical element by a preset distance.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a camera device provided by a possible implementation manner of this application, in which the optical member is in a state of cutting into the light path;
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a state in which the optical member in the imaging device shown in FIG. 1 moves out of the optical path;
  • FIG. 3 is an optical path diagram of the imaging device provided by a possible implementation manner of this application when the optical component is moved out of the optical path;
  • FIG. 4 is a light path diagram of the imaging device provided by a possible implementation manner of this application when the optical part cuts into the light path;
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a camera device provided by a possible implementation manner of this application, in which the optical member is in a state of cutting into the light path;
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a state in which the optical member in the imaging device shown in FIG. 5 moves out of the optical path;
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the lens group of the optical element in the zoom lens group provided by a possible implementation of this application;
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the lens group of the optical element in the zoom lens group provided by a possible embodiment of this application;
  • FIG. 9A is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of a zoom lens group in one direction after assembly according to an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 9B is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the zoom lens group in another direction after assembly according to an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of an imaging device provided by a possible implementation manner of this application.
  • FIG. 11 is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of a camera in one direction according to a possible implementation manner of this application.
  • FIG. 12 is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of another direction of the camera device provided by a possible implementation manner of this application.
  • FIG. 13 is a three-dimensional exploded schematic diagram of a camera device provided by a possible implementation manner of this application.
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram of a partial three-dimensional assembly of a zoom lens group provided by a possible implementation manner of this application;
  • 15 is a cross-sectional view in one direction of an imaging device provided by a possible implementation manner of this application;
  • FIG. 16 is a partial view of a cross-sectional view in one direction of an imaging device provided by a possible implementation manner of this application;
  • FIG. 17 is a cross-sectional view in another direction of the imaging device provided by a possible implementation manner of this application, in which the optical member is in the state of cutting into the light path;
  • FIG. 18 is a schematic diagram of a state in which the optical member in the cross-sectional view shown in FIG. 17 is moved out of the optical path;
  • 19 is a partial view of a cross-sectional view in one direction of the imaging device provided by a possible implementation manner of this application;
  • 20 is a cross-sectional view in one direction of the imaging device provided by a possible implementation manner of this application, in which the optical member is in a state of cutting into the light path;
  • FIG. 21 is a schematic diagram of a state in which the optical member in the cross-sectional view shown in FIG. 20 is moved out of the optical path;
  • FIG. 22 is a schematic diagram of a camera device provided by an embodiment of this application, in which the zoom lens group is in a state of moving out of the optical path;
  • FIG. 23 is a schematic diagram of a camera device provided by an embodiment of this application, in which the zoom lens group is in a state of cutting into the light path;
  • FIG. 24 is a schematic diagram of an electronic device provided by an embodiment of this application.
  • FIG. 25 is a schematic diagram of an electronic device provided by another implementation manner of this application.
  • FIG. 26 is a schematic diagram of an electronic device provided by another embodiment of this application.
  • Resolution Represents the resolution of the lens. The higher the value, the stronger the resolution and the clearer the image. There are 1 million pixels (1 megapixels, 1M for short), 2M, 4M, 6M, and 4K cameras on the market.
  • Zoom lens It is possible to change the focal length within a certain range by changing the distance between the lens groups, so as to obtain different wide and narrow angles of view, different sizes of images and different scene ranges.
  • the lens usually contains The zoom group and the focus mirror group.
  • Image sensor It is a semiconductor device that acts like a film, but it converts light signals into charge signals.
  • the tiny photosensitive material implanted on the sensor is called a pixel, which is contained on a sensor. The more pixels, the higher the resolution of the picture provided.
  • Total Track Length The length between the frontmost surface of the optical lens and the image sensor.
  • Field of View In optical instruments, the angle formed by the two edges of the maximum range where the object image of the measured target can pass through the lens with the lens of the optical instrument as the apex is called the field of view.
  • the size of the field of view determines the field of view of the optical instrument. The larger the field of view, the larger the field of view and the smaller the optical magnification. In layman's terms, the target object will not be collected in the lens if it exceeds this angle.
  • Focal power The difference between the image-side beam convergence and the object-side beam convergence, which characterizes the refractive power of the optical system to incident parallel beams, and the refractive power of the spherical lens Among them, n'is the refractive index of the lens, n is the refractive index of the medium where the lens is located, usually the lens is in the air, and n is 1. The larger the value of, the more the parallel beam will be folded; When, it is positive refractive power, and the refraction is convergent; When it is negative refractive power, the refraction is divergent. At this time, it is plane refraction, which is also called no power. At this time, the beam parallel to the axis is still the beam parallel to the axis after being refracted, and no refraction phenomenon occurs.
  • the optical axis is a line of light passing through the center of the lens perpendicularly.
  • the optical axis of the lens is the line passing through the center of the lens.
  • ICR Infrared filter switch
  • the side where the subject is located is the object side
  • the side where the image of the subject is located is the image side
  • the surface of the lens close to the object side can be called the object side
  • the surface of the lens close to the image side It can be called the image side.
  • the imaging surface is located on the image side of all the lenses in the zoom lens, and the carrying surface where light rays pass through each lens in the zoom lens in turn to form an image.
  • vertical in the vertical relationship between the two features described in all the embodiments of this application can be understood as: a state close to vertical, for example, the angle between the object side surface of the first optical element and the optical axis is 90 Within a certain allowable tolerance range, such as 80-100 degrees, this tolerance can be understood as assembly tolerance, flatness tolerance formed in the process of processing optical parts, and so on.
  • this application provides a zoom lens group 10, which is used in a camera device 1000.
  • the camera device 1000 includes a lens assembly 100 and an image sensor 200.
  • the lens assembly 100 includes a zoom lens group 10 and an imaging lens group 20.
  • the zoom lens group 10 is located on the object side of the imaging lens group 20, and is used to achieve zooming of the optical system and expand the angle of view.
  • the zoom lens group 10, the imaging lens group 20, and the image sensor 200 are arranged in sequence along the extension direction of the optical axis P.
  • the position of the image sensor 200 is the imaging surface of the optical system, and the target object (object to be photographed) is located
  • the zoom lens group 10 is away from the side of the image sensor 200.
  • the imaging lens group 20 is a fixed focus lens group or a zoom lens group or a focus lens group.
  • FIG. 1 only schematically shows the positional relationship between the zoom lens group 10, the imaging lens group 20, and the image sensor 200.
  • the camera device 1000 may also include other optical components, such as optical filters. , Rotating reflectors, diaphragms, etc. used to change the direction of the optical path.
  • Other optical parts can be arranged between the imaging lens group 20 and the image sensor 200, for example, a filter is arranged between the imaging lens group 20 and the image sensor 200, and other optical parts can also be arranged between the imaging lens group 20 and the zoom lens.
  • a rotating reflector for changing the direction of the optical path is arranged between the imaging lens group 20 and the zoom lens group 10.
  • Other optical parts can also be arranged on the object side of the zoom lens group 10, for example, in the zoom lens group 10
  • a diaphragm is set on the object side of 10.
  • the optical axis of the imaging lens group 20 is consistent with the optical axis of the imaging device 1000 (or the optical axis of the optical system in which the imaging lens group is located), and both are located on the optical axis P, and the imaging lens group 20 can be focused along the optical axis P, or The imaging lens group 20 is adjusted by rotating to achieve anti-shake.
  • the zoom lens assembly 10 includes an optical member 11 and a driving member 12, and the driving member 12 is used to drive the optical member 11 to move along the first direction F, so that the optical member 11 cuts into or moves out of the optical path.
  • “Cut into the optical path” can be understood as the optical element 11 on the optical path of the optical system, and the light enters the imaging lens group 20 after passing through the optical element 11.
  • “Moving out of the optical path” can be understood as when light enters the lens assembly 100 of the imaging device 1000, it does not pass through the optical element 11, but directly enters the imaging lens group 20, that is, the optical element 11 is not on the propagation path of light.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a state where the optical member 11 cuts into the optical path
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a state where the optical member 11 cuts into the optical path
  • the second is a schematic diagram of a state where the optical member 11 moves out of the optical path.
  • zooming can be achieved and the field of view can be enlarged.
  • the first direction F and the optical axis P are arranged at an included angle.
  • the included angle may be 90 degrees or close to 90 degrees, so that the moving direction of the optical element 11 is perpendicular to the optical axis or nearly perpendicular to the optical axis P.
  • the zooming solution that cuts in or out of the optical element 11 in the direction perpendicular to the optical axis P will not affect the total length of the optical system in the direction of the optical axis P. TTL , which is conducive to meeting the design requirements of miniaturization of the camera device.
  • Figures 3 and 4 show the optical path diagram when the optical member 11 is not cut into the optical path and the optical path diagram after the optical member 11 is cut in. Change of angle. Among them, the leftmost is the target object S, and the rightmost is the image sensor 200. As shown in FIG. 3, when the optical member 11 does not cut into the optical path, the imaging component 20 is used for imaging alone, that is, the imaging lens group 20 can clearly image the target object S on the imaging surface. Comparing Figure 3 and Figure 4, after the optical element 11 cuts into the light path, the height of the target object S increases, H2 is greater than H1, and the field of view angle becomes obviously larger. Large field of view light can be collected, and a wide angle can be achieved. Shooting function.
  • Figures 5 and 6 show schematic diagrams of an imaging device 1000 provided by an embodiment of this application.
  • the difference between this embodiment and the embodiment shown in Figures 1 and 2 is that a housing 13 is added in this embodiment, and through The housing 13 assembles the zoom lens group 10 and the imaging lens group 20 together, so that the lens assembly 100 is an integrated structure with good integrity.
  • the zoom lens group 10 includes a housing 13, the optical part 11 and the driving part 13 are mounted to the housing 13, the imaging lens group 20 is also connected to the housing 13, and the housing 13 is arranged so that the zoom lens group 10 and the imaging lens group 20 are assembled Together.
  • part of the imaging lens group 20 extends into the inside of the housing 13, so that the optical path between the optical element 11 and the imaging lens group 20 is arranged inside the housing 13.
  • the housing 13 can be airtight, can protect the optical path, and help ensure the stability of the optical path. sex.
  • zoom is achieved by cutting in or out of the optical path by the optical element 11, and by reasonably distributing the optical power of the optical element 11 of the zoom lens group 10, the optical element 11 can realize imaging of a wide-angle area when the optical element 11 cuts into the optical path.
  • the optical power of the optical element 11 of the zoom lens group 10 is negative, and the zoom lens group as a variable magnification group can change the field of view of the imaging lens group, because only when the optical power of the optical element is negative, it can collect
  • the role of large-angle light can expand the angle of view.
  • the lens group of the optical element 11 includes at least one lens, and the number of lenses is not limited, and can be one, two, three or more.
  • the piece of lens close to the target object is the first lens.
  • the first lens has a negative refractive power, so that when the zoom lens group cuts into the optical path, the imaging device can be enlarged. Angle of view.
  • FIG 7 and 8 show the structure of the lens group of the optical element 11 in the zoom lens group 10 provided by two specific embodiments.
  • the optical element 11 includes a first lens 1101 and a second lens 1102 arranged in order along the optical axis P.
  • the first lens 1101 is the first lens of the optical element 11 close to the object side.
  • the object side surface S1 of the first lens 1101 is a convex surface near the optical axis P, and the image side surface S2 of the first lens 1101 is a concave surface near the optical axis P.
  • the refractive power of the first lens 1101 may be negative; the object side of the second lens 1102
  • the side surface S3 and the image side surface S4 are both concave near the optical axis, and the refractive power of the second lens 1102 is negative.
  • the first lens 1101 and the second lens 1102 are combined and placed on the object side of the imaging lens group, which can adjust the focal length and expand the field of view.
  • the optical power of the optical element 11 provided in this embodiment is negative.
  • the optical element 11 includes a first lens 1101, a second lens 1102, and a third lens 1103 that are sequentially arranged along the optical axis P.
  • the first lens 1101 is the first lens of the optical element 11 close to the object side.
  • the object side surface S1 of the first lens 1101 is concave near the optical axis P, the image side surface S2 of the first lens 1101 is concave near the optical axis P, and the refractive power of the first lens 1101 is negative;
  • the object side surface of the second lens 1102 S3 is a convex surface near the optical axis, the image side of the second lens 1102 is concave at the near optical axis S4, the refractive power of the second lens 1102 is positive;
  • the object side S5 of the third lens 1103 is a convex surface at the near optical axis,
  • the image side surface S6 of the third lens 1103 is a convex surface near the optical axis, and the refractive power of the third lens 1103 is positive.
  • the first lens 1101, the second lens 1102, and the third lens 1103 are combined and placed on the object side of the imaging lens group, which can adjust the focal length and expand the field of view.
  • the labels of the first lens 1101 and the second lens 1102 in FIG. 8 are the same as the labels of the first lens and the second lens in FIG.
  • the positions in are the same, that is, the order on the optical axis is the same, and they are the first lens and the second lens respectively.
  • the use of the same reference numerals for the lenses at the same position in the two embodiments does not mean that the first lens and the second lens in the two embodiments have the same structure, nor can they represent the first lens and the second lens.
  • the size and optical parameters are the same.
  • the optical element 11 may also include only one lens, the refractive power of this lens is negative, the radius of the object side of the lens:
  • the zoom lens assembly 10 includes a housing 13, and the housing 13 includes a housing main body 131 and a cover plate 132.
  • a first opening 1321 is provided, and the first opening 1321 is a light entrance.
  • the shell main body 131 includes a bottom wall 1312 and a side wall 1313 that collectively enclose a receiving space.
  • the bottom wall 1312 is provided with a second opening 1311.
  • the bottom wall 1312 is connected to one end of the side wall 1313, and the other end of the side wall 1313 is an opening ( Figure The opening in 9A is blocked by the cover plate 132), the optical element 11 and the driving element 12 can be installed inside the main housing 131 from this opening position, and the cover plate 132 is connected to the opening position at the other end of the side wall 1313.
  • the zoom lens becomes a modularized overall structure.
  • the zoom lens group can be decoupled from the imaging lens group or the optical system, that is, it can become an independent unit.
  • a separate device which has the advantages of easy operation in terms of design and assembly.
  • the zoom lens group is installed in an optical system, such as a camera.
  • the independent zoom lens group can be matched with different types of imaging lens groups, making the zoom lens group widely used.
  • the cover plate 132 and the bottom wall 1312 of the shell body 131 are both flat plates, and the cover plate 132 and the bottom wall 1312 of the shell body 131 are parallel to each other and both are perpendicular to the optical axis.
  • the cover plate 132 and the shell body 131 can be fixed by a snap structure, can also be fixed by glue, or can be fixed by screws. In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 9A and 9B, the cover plate 132 and the shell body 131 are fixed by screws.
  • the edge position of the cover plate 132 is provided with a fixing piece 1322 protruding, and the cover plate 132 is buckled with the shell body 131 At this time, the fixing piece 1322 is located on the outside of the shell main body 131, and the fixing piece 1322 is passed through the fixing piece 1322 by a screw and locked to the shell main body 131 to achieve a fixed connection.
  • the number of fixing pieces 1322 may be three, forming a triangular fixing structure.
  • the first opening 1321 and the second opening 1311 are arranged directly opposite, and the line connecting the center of the first opening 1321 and the center of the second opening 1321 is collinear with the optical axis.
  • the size of the first opening 1321 can be larger than the size of the second opening 1311. Since the zoom lens assembly 10 has the effect of expanding the field of view, setting the size of the first opening 1321 to be larger than the size of the second opening 1311 is beneficial to match the larger ones. Angle of view.
  • the first opening 1321 and the second opening 1311 may have the same shape and size.
  • An optical element or a transparent protective sheet, such as a protective glass, can be provided at the first opening 1321.
  • the optical element or the transparent protective sheet at the first opening 1321 is sealed with the housing 13
  • the glue is fixed to form a sealed structure with dustproof and waterproof effect, which can protect the optical path from the influence of dust or water vapor in the environment and ensure the image quality.
  • FIGS. 11 and 12 are three-dimensional schematic diagrams of the imaging device 1000 provided in this application
  • FIG. 13 is a three-dimensional exploded schematic view of the imaging device 1000 shown in FIGS. 11 and 12.
  • the camera device 1000 is a fixed-focus camera
  • the zoom lens group 10 the imaging lens group 20, and the image sensor 200 are assembled together to form a whole.
  • the image sensor 200 is fixed on the circuit board 201, and the device represented by the dashed frame on the circuit board 201 shown in FIG.
  • the imaging lens group 20 includes a lens group 21 and a lens barrel 22.
  • the lens group 21 is installed in the lens barrel 22.
  • a fixing plate 221 protrudes from the periphery of the lens barrel 22.
  • the cylindrical outer surface of the barrel 22 forms an included angle, and the included angle may be 90 degrees or close to 90 degrees, that is, the fixing plate 221 extends vertically outward on the outer surface of the lens barrel 20.
  • the outer surface of the housing 13 is protruding with a fixing portion 133
  • the fixing portion 133 is ring-shaped and surrounds the second opening 1311
  • the outer edge of the fixing plate 221 overlaps the fixing portion 133
  • the fixing plate The 221 and the fixing part 133 can be fixed by glue.
  • the housing 13 of the zoom lens group 10 and the imaging lens group 20 are fixedly connected to form a fixed optical structure.
  • This solution is suitable for a fixed-focus camera.
  • the housing 13 and the imaging lens group 20 may also be connected in an unfixed manner.
  • the two can slide and rotate relative to each other, and the zoom lens group 10 or the imaging lens can be adjusted by moving or rotating. Group 20 position, this scheme can be applied to continuous zoom cameras.
  • the driving element 12 used to drive the optical element 11 to move in the present application may adopt a scheme in which a motor and a screw rod cooperate, or an air cylinder may be used as a power to drive the optical element to move.
  • the detailed description of the scheme of the cooperation of the motor and the screw rod is as follows.
  • the driving member 12 includes a motor 121, a screw 122 and a matching member 123.
  • One end of the screw 122 is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the motor 121.
  • the motor 121 When the motor 121 is working, it can drive the The screw 122 rotates.
  • the outer surface of the screw rod 123 is provided with threads for threaded connection with the mating member 123.
  • the matching member 123 is fixedly connected to the optical member 11.
  • the mating member 123 includes a main body 1232 provided with a threaded through hole 1231 and a connecting portion 1234 located at the edge of the main body 1232.
  • the screw rod 122 passes through the threaded through hole 1231 to realize the engagement of the mating member 123 and
  • the screw rod 122 is threadedly engaged.
  • the outer surface of the lens barrel 112 is provided with a groove 1124, and the connecting portion 1234 cooperates with the groove 1124, so that the lens barrel 112 is connected to the fitting piece. 123.
  • the threaded through hole 1231 is matched with the screw rod 122 to ensure that the mating part 123 slides on the screw rod 122 in a balanced manner.
  • the connecting portion 1234 of the piece 123 is inserted into the groove 1124 on the lens barrel 112.
  • the fit between the connecting portion 1234 and the groove 1124 can be a tight fit, which can be understood as an interference fit.
  • the friction force achieves a fixed connection between the two.
  • the connecting portion 1234 and the groove 1124 may be a gap between the connecting portion 1234 and the groove 1124.
  • the existence of the gap may cause the connection between the connecting portion 1234 and the lens barrel 112 to be unstable and move In the process, shaking occurred.
  • This gap can be filled and fixed by glue.
  • the connecting structure of the connecting portion 1234 and the lens barrel 112 in the groove 1124 can be set as an elastic connecting structure, for example, an elastic piece is provided on the periphery of the connecting portion 1234, The connecting portion 1234 and the inner wall of the groove 1124 are held by elastic pieces, and the elastic connecting structure can ensure a reliable connection between the connecting portion 1234 and the lens barrel 112, prevent loosening in the movement process, and prevent the lens barrel 112 from shaking.
  • the motor 121 drives the screw rod 122 to rotate, and the screw rod 122 is threadedly matched with the counterpart 123, so that the rotation of the screw rod 122 is converted into the movement of the mating part 123.
  • the mating structure requires only threaded coordination, which occupies a small space. In terms of assembly, it is easy to assemble and easy to ensure the installation accuracy, which is beneficial to the position accuracy of the optical element 11 and improves the optical performance of the zoom module 10.
  • the specific structure of the optical component 11 is as follows:
  • the optical element 11 includes a lens group 111 and a lens barrel 112, and the lens barrel 112 includes a cylindrical body 1121, a first connecting portion 1122 and a second connecting portion 1123.
  • the cylindrical body 1121 surrounds and forms an installation space, and the lens group 111 is accommodated in the installation space and is fixedly connected to the lens barrel 112.
  • the number of the first connecting portion 1122 is two, which are respectively located on opposite sides of the cylindrical body 1121.
  • the second connecting portion 1123 is provided with a groove 1124, and the groove 1124 is used to be fixedly connected with the mating member 123.
  • the second connecting portion 1123 and one of the first connecting portions 1122 are located on the same side of the cylindrical body 1121.
  • the screw rod 122 is rotatably connected to the housing 13 and extends in the first direction in the receiving space.
  • the housing 13 is also provided with a guide rod 134, the guide rod 134 is fixed in the housing 13 and its extending direction is the first direction.
  • the side wall 1313 of the shell body 131 is provided with mounting holes, and both ends of the guide rod 134 extend into the mounting holes to fix the guide rod 134 to the shell body 131.
  • the guide rod 134 is a smooth cylindrical rod.
  • the lens barrel 112 is slidably connected to the guide rod 134.
  • the number of guide rods 134 is two, which are distributed on both sides of the optical element 11.
  • One of the guide rods 134 and the screw rod 122 Located on the same side of the lens barrel of the optical element 11.
  • the guide rod 134 and the screw rod 122 jointly form a track for the movement of the optical element 11, which can ensure the smoothness of the movement of the optical element 11.
  • the two guide rods 134 and the screw rod 122 form a triangular structure to improve the stability of the assembly position of the optical element 11.
  • the two first connecting portions 1122 of the lens barrel 112 cooperate with the guide rod 134 to achieve a sliding connection.
  • the first connecting portion 1122 includes a mating portion 1122A and a connecting section 1122B.
  • the connecting section 1122B is connected to the mating portion 1122A and the lens barrel body. Between 1121, the connecting section 1122B can be flat, rod-shaped or strip-shaped.
  • the mating portion 1122A is provided with a through hole or a through groove 1122C, and the guide rod 134 passes through the through hole or through groove 1122C and is connected to the mirror.
  • the barrel 112 is slidably connected. As shown in FIG. 13, the structure of the two mating parts 1122A is different.
  • One of the mating parts 1122A (on the left side of the lens barrel body 1121 in FIG. 13) is recessed with a through groove 1122C at one end away from the connecting section 1122B.
  • This through groove 1122C It can be a semi-cylindrical housing space.
  • the other mating portion 1122A (on the right side of the lens barrel body 1121 in FIG.
  • the mating portion 1122A has a frame-like structure and extends in the first direction (that is, the mating portion 1122A is a long frame-like structure, and its length extension direction is consistent with the guide rod 134 extends in the same direction), the mating portion 1122A encloses a hollow area, the mating portion 1122A is provided with a pair of through holes 1122D, the pair of through holes 1122D are arranged oppositely along the first direction, and the guide rod 134 passes through the pair of through holes 1122D .
  • the mating portion 1122A of the frame-like structure and the guide rod 134 will have better stability in mating, and the provision of the hollow area will help reduce the weight, making the entire lens assembly lighter.
  • the two connecting sections 1122B located on both sides of the lens barrel body 1121 are both flat and coplanar.
  • the connecting section 1122B (on the right side of the lens barrel body 1121 in FIG. 13) connecting the frame-shaped mating portion 1122A is the first connecting section
  • the other connecting section (on the left side of the lens barrel body 1121 in FIG. 13) is the second connecting section.
  • the size of the first connecting section extending in the first direction is greater than the size of the second connecting section extending in the first direction
  • the second connecting section is arranged corresponding to the middle of the first connecting section, and accordingly, wherein One mating part 1122A and the other mating part 1122A are arranged correspondingly in the middle.
  • the cooperation of the two first connecting parts 1122 and the guide rod 134 can achieve a more stable support of the lens barrel body 1121.
  • the lens barrel 112 of the optical component 11 is an integrally formed structure, which is specifically made of plastic material and is integrally formed by an injection molding process.
  • the motor 121 is used as the power source of the driving member 12 to drive the optical member 11 to move.
  • the present application may arrange the motor 121 outside the housing 13, the screw rod 122 is installed inside the housing 13, and one end of the screw rod 122 extends out of the housing 13 and is connected to the housing 13
  • a through hole may be provided on the housing 13 for one end of the screw rod 122 to extend. The size of the through hole is larger than the outer diameter of the screw rod 122 to ensure that the screw rod 122 rotates inside.
  • the other end of the screw rod 122 is inside the housing 13 and forms a rotational connection relationship with the housing 13.
  • the driver 12 is arranged outside the housing 13 in the present application, and the driver 12 is assembled to form an integral structure, and then installed on the outer surface of the housing 13.
  • the driving member 12 further includes a mounting frame 124, the motor 121 and the screw rod 122 are mounted to the mounting frame 124, and after forming a whole, they are then mounted to the outer surface of the housing 13 through the mounting frame 124.
  • the mounting frame 124 includes a first board 1241, a second board 1242, and a third board 1243.
  • the second board 1242 and the third board 1243 are arranged opposite to each other.
  • the first board 1241 is connected to the second board 1242 and Between the third plates 1243, the second plate 1242 and the third plate 1243 are bent and extended in the same direction from opposite sides of the first plate 1241.
  • the second plate 1242 and the third plate 1243 All are perpendicular to the first board 1241.
  • FIG. 13 since the screw rod 122 is hidden by the mounting frame 124 and is not visible, in order to facilitate understanding of the position and connection relationship of the screw rod 122, the part indicated by a dashed line represents the screw rod 122.
  • FIG. 14 the positional relationship between the screw rod 122 and the first plate 1241 in the mounting frame 124 can be seen.
  • the screw rod 122 is rotatably connected to the second plate 1242, and the other end of the screw rod 122 passes through the third plate 1243 and is fixedly connected to the motor shaft of the motor 121.
  • the third plate 1243 is provided with a through hole for the screw rod 122 to pass through, and the screw rod 122 and the third plate 1243 are in a rotationally connected relationship.
  • the matching piece 123 is sleeved on the screw rod 122.
  • the mounting frame 124 is connected to the side wall 1313 of the housing main body 131.
  • One side wall 1313 of the shell body 131 is provided with a mounting slot 1314.
  • the bottom wall of the mounting slot 1314 is a part of the housing 13, and the bottom wall of the mounting slot 1314 is provided with a through groove 1315.
  • the through groove 1315 connects the housing 13
  • the internal space that is, the internal space of the housing main body 131 communicates with the external space of the housing, which can also be understood as: the through slot 1315 communicates the internal space of the housing 13 with the space in the installation slot 1314.
  • the through groove 1315 is elongated, and its extending direction is the first direction.
  • the driver 12 is installed at the position of the installation slot 1314, specifically, the installation frame 124 is installed at the installation slot 1314, and the installation frame 124 is fixedly connected to the housing main body 131 by means of screws.
  • the first plate 1241 is arranged opposite to the through slot 1315, and the screw 122 and the mating portion 123 are located in the space jointly defined by the mounting frame 124 and the shell body 131.
  • This space is a closed space to prevent the outside world. Sundries and dust affect the mating relationship between the screw 122 and the mating part 123. If sundries or dust enter the mating part of the screw 122 and the mating part 123, it may cause the threaded connection between the two to be unsmooth and drive The process is prone to noise or jams.
  • the lens barrel 112 partially extends out of the housing body 131, specifically the second connecting portion 1123 of the lens barrel 112 extends out of the housing body 113 from the through groove 1315, and is defined by the mounting frame 124 and the housing body 131. In the space, the second connecting portion 1123 is fixedly connected to the connecting portion 1234 of the mating portion 123.
  • the mating portion 123 partially extends from the through groove 1315 into the inside of the housing main body 131 to fit with the groove 1124 on the lens barrel 121, specifically, the connection of the mating portion 123
  • the portion 1234 extends into the housing main body 131 and is inserted into the groove 1124 of the lens barrel 121, and is fixedly connected with the lens barrel 121.
  • the driver 12 also includes a transmission line 125 electrically connected to the motor 121.
  • One end of the transmission line 125 is electrically connected to the motor 121, and the other end is provided with a connector for plugging into the corresponding connector on the circuit board.
  • the circuit board can be set to control Unit, the control unit includes a drive circuit and a power supply circuit.
  • the motor 121 is placed outside the housing 13, which not only facilitates the wiring of the motor 121, but also needs to be electrically connected to the drive circuit and the power supply circuit. If the motor 121 is installed in the housing 13, the electrical connection lines need to extend into the housing 13. This will lead to complicated wiring, and the structure of the housing 13 is also complicated. Not only must there be a structure for installing and fixing the motor 121, but also wiring holes must be reserved. In addition, the motor 121 will generate heat during the working process, and the optical component 11 will also expand when heated, which affects the optical performance. Placing the motor 121 outside the housing 13 can isolate the heat of the motor 121 and protect the optical component 11 from being affected by the motor 121. Heat affects deformation or other performance changes.
  • a buffer 126 can be arranged in the outer space of the housing 12 to absorb the vibration of the motor 121.
  • the buffer 126 is arranged outside the housing 13 and will not affect the inside of the housing 13.
  • the space layout is conducive to the miniaturization of the zoom component.
  • the buffer 126 is provided on the periphery of the motor 121, and the buffer 126 is filled between the motor 121 and the outer surface of the housing main body 131.
  • the side of the motor 121 away from the outer surface of the housing main body 131 may also be provided with a buffer 126.
  • the number of the buffer 126 may be one, which is arranged around the outer surface of the motor 121, and may completely surround the motor 121 or partially surround the motor 121.
  • the material of the cushioning member 126 may be a material with cushioning properties such as foam or silica gel.
  • the buffer member 126 can be arranged on the periphery of the motor 121 together with a heat dissipation structure, because if only the buffer member 121 is arranged around the motor 121, the buffer member 126 may affect the heat dissipation of the motor 121 and affect the service life of the motor 121.
  • the combination of the buffer 126 with the heat dissipation structure can ensure that the heat of the motor 121 can be dissipated during the process of providing vibration buffer for the motor 121.
  • the heat dissipation structure may be a metal heat conduction structure or a graphene heat dissipation structure.
  • the position of the optical element 11 needs to be limited to determine whether it is in the state of cutting into or out of the optical path.
  • the housing 13 includes a first limiting wall 135 and a second limiting wall 136 disposed oppositely, and both ends of the guide rod 134 are fixed to the first The limit wall 135 and the second limit wall 136, the zoom lens group 10 further includes a limit slider, the limit slider is slidably connected to the guide rod 134, and the limit slider is fixedly connected
  • the limiting slider is the mating part 1122A of the first connecting part 1122, and is the mating part 1122A having a frame-like structure.
  • the matching portion 1122A that is, the limiting slider
  • the first limiting wall 135 that is, the position where the matching portion 1122A is shown in FIG. 17
  • the optical member 11 cuts into the optical path, and Between the imaging lens group and the object to be imaged, it is used for zooming and expanding the angle of view.
  • the matching portion 1122A ie the limiting slider
  • the second limiting wall 136 ie, the position where the matching portion 1122A shown in FIG. 18 is located
  • the optical element moves out of the optical path.
  • this embodiment uses the limiting structure (the matching structure of the first limiting wall 135, the second limiting wall 136 and the limiting slider (the mating portion 1122A of the first connecting portion 1122) to the optical element 11 Move to limit.
  • the movement of the optical element is guided by the cooperation of the matching portion 1122A and the guide rod 134, and at the same time, the optical element 11 is moved by abutting the stop slider against the first stop wall 135 and the second stop wall 136. The location is ok.
  • the limit slider is against the first limit wall 135, it means that the optical element 11 cuts into the optical path.
  • the position of the optical element 11 can be collected by the control unit, and a signal can be sent to the drive circuit.
  • the driving circuit can send instructions to the motor 121 to stop the motor 121, and at the same time, the control unit can record the position state of the optical element 11. When the limit slider is against the second limit wall 136, it represents that the optical element 11 moves out of the optical path. Similarly, the position information of the optical element can be collected by the control unit, and instructions can be sent to the motor through the drive circuit. 121. Stop the motor 121.
  • a buffer pad 137 such as a silicone pad or foam, and a buffer pad 137 may be provided on the surfaces where the first limit wall 135 and the second limit wall 136 are in contact with the limit slider. It can be fixed on the surface of the first limit wall 135 and the second limit wall 135, or can be fixed on the surface of the limit slider.
  • FIG. 19 schematically shows that the cushion 137 is arranged on the first limit wall 135 and the second limit wall 135. The structure of the surface of the two limiting walls 135. When the limit slider abuts the first limit wall 135 and the second limit wall 135, the cushion 137 will absorb the inertial force of the limit slider movement due to the existence of the buffer pad 137.
  • the position of the limit slider will stably stop at the first limit wall 135 and the second limit wall 136, and will not spring back due to the inertial force.
  • the specific stop position of the limit slider is the position of the cushion 137 provided on the surface of the first limit wall 135 and the second limit wall 136.
  • the buffer pad 137 is sandwiched between the limit slider and the first limit wall 135 or the second limit wall 136.
  • the housing 13 and the limit slider are made of rigid materials, and cushion pads are set on their surfaces, which can be fixed by glue, or can be directly fabricated on the first limit wall 135 and the second limit wall 136 through an integrated molding process.
  • the surface or the surface of the limit slider are made of rigid materials, and cushion pads are set on their surfaces, which can be fixed by glue, or can be directly fabricated on the first limit wall 135 and the second limit wall 136 through an integrated molding process. The surface or the surface of the limit slider.
  • the zoom lens assembly 10 further includes a position detection unit 138, which is electrically connected to the drive circuit, and the drive circuit may be located outside the housing 13, or may be provided Inside the housing 13, since in a possible implementation of the present application, the motor 121 is arranged outside the housing 13, the drive circuit 13 is also arranged outside the housing 13, and the position detection unit 138 is electrically connected to the drive circuit through a wire. It may extend from the outside of the housing 13 to the inside of the housing 13. Of course, the position detection unit 138 and the drive circuit may also be electrically connected through wireless transmission.
  • the position detection unit 138 When the driving element 12 drives the optical element 11 to move in the first direction, the position detection unit 138 is triggered, and the position detection unit 138 sends a signal to the driving circuit.
  • the signal sent by the position detection unit 138 drives the driving element 12 to move the optical element 11 by a predetermined distance.
  • the position detection unit 138 may be an optical coupling device, such as a smooth surface switch.
  • the position detection unit 138 is fixed inside the housing 13 and is located on the moving path of the optical element 11. When the optical element 11 is moved to the position detection unit 138, the position detection unit 138 will detect the optical element 11, which can trigger the position detection unit 138 to generate a position signal, and send the position signal to the driving circuit. In the embodiments shown in FIGS.
  • the position detection unit 138 is fixed at a position between the first limit wall 135 and the second limit wall 136.
  • the position detection unit 138 is an optical coupling device, as long as its light-emitting port faces the optical component 11, the optical component 11 will pass through the area corresponding to the position detection unit 138 during the movement process, so that the position detection unit 138 senses the optical component.
  • the position detection unit can be combined with a limiting structure (that is, the matching structure of the first limiting wall 135, the second limiting wall 136 and the limiting slider (the matching portion 1122A of the first connecting portion 1122)) to realize the optical Precise positioning of parts.
  • the zoom lens group 10 is detachably connected to the imaging lens group 20.
  • the detachable connection structure can realize the decoupling of the zoom lens group 10 and the imaging lens group 20, that is, the zoom lens group 10 can be used with a variety of different imaging lens groups.
  • the specific detachable connection mode may be: a snap connection, a threaded connection, a connection mode in which a groove and a convex column cooperate, etc., which are not specifically limited in this application.
  • the lens assembly 100 further includes a base 30 for fixing the imaging lens group 20.
  • the base 30 includes a fixing cylinder 32 and a positioning post 34.
  • the fixing cylinder 32 is used for An end of the imaging lens group 20 away from the zoom lens group 10 is accommodated.
  • the imaging lens group 20 is threadedly matched with the base 30 to achieve a fixed connection between the two.
  • the lens barrel 22 of the imaging lens group 20 partially extends into the base 30.
  • the two screw threads are matched, and the imaging lens group 20 is mounted to the base 30 in a rotating manner.
  • the positioning post 34 is located on the periphery of the fixed barrel 32, and the positioning post 34 is used to connect the zoom lens group 10.
  • the surface of the housing 13 of the zoom lens group 10 facing the imaging lens group 20 is the image side surface of the housing 13 where the second opening 1311 is provided, and the housing 13 A fixing rod 139 is protruding from the image side surface of the lens, the fixing rod 139 is located at the periphery of the mounting opening 1311, and the fixing rod 139 is used to connect to the base 30 on which the imaging lens group 20 is installed.
  • the positioning column 34 may be a hollow sleeve-like structure (as shown in FIG. 20 and FIG. 21).
  • the positioning column 34 may be a solid column structure as a whole, and the positioning column 34 is provided with a fixing hole at one end facing the zoom lens assembly 10 , One end of the fixing rod 139 of the zoom lens group 10 is inserted into the fixing hole of the positioning column 34.
  • a first space C1 and a second space C2 connected to each other are arranged side by side in the housing 13 along the first direction.
  • the optical member 11 is in the first space C1
  • the optical member 11 is located between the first opening 1321 and the second opening 1311, that is, the optical member 11 is located between the first opening 1321 and the imaging lens group 20, the optical The optical axis of the component 11 is consistent with the optical axis of the imaging lens group 20, and the two can overlap. Due to assembly accuracy and assembly tolerances, the optical axis of the optical component 11 and the optical axis of the imaging lens group 20 may have a certain deviation. If this deviation is within the allowable range, the imaging will not be affected.
  • the optical element 11 is in the second space C2, at the position of the optical element 11 as shown in FIG. 21, the optical element 11 moves out of the optical path.
  • the fixing rod 139 is located between the first space C1 and the second space C2.
  • the fixing member 139 is located in the second space C2 and adjacent to the first space C1. The position of the fixed rod 139 can ensure the balance and stability of the assembly of the zoom lens group 10.
  • an infrared filter switch 40 is provided in the base 30, and the infrared filter switch 40 is located on the image side of the imaging lens group 20.
  • the infrared filter switch 40 is located between the imaging lens group 20 and the image sensor 200.
  • the circuit board 201 is fixed to the side of the base 30 away from the zoom lens group 10, and the image sensor 200 provided on the circuit board 201 is enclosed in the enclosed space formed by the circuit board 201 and the base 30. It is understandable Therefore, the base 30 is provided with a storage space, while the circuit board 201 is connected to the surface of the base 30, the image sensor 200 is contained in the storage space.
  • the infrared filter switch 40 includes an IR (Infrared-Reflection, infrared cut off) film and an AR (Anti-Reflection, high light transmittance anti-reflection) film, and the infrared filter switch can realize the connection between the IR film and the AR film. Switching to adapt the imaging components to different application scenarios can improve the shooting effect of the camera device.
  • the ambient light is strong (for example, the camera device is used in the daytime)
  • use the function of the IR film in the infrared filter switcher When the ambient light is weak (for example, when using a camera at night), use the function of the AR film of the infrared filter switch.
  • the photosensitive device disposed in the camera device senses the change of ambient light, the photosensitive device transmits the signal of the ambient illuminance to the control chip, and the control chip transmits the signal to the driver, starts the work of the driver, and drives the infrared filter to switch Switch between AR film and IR film.
  • the optical axis of the imaging device 1000 is linear, the light enters the zoom lens group 10 and then directly enters the imaging lens group 20 along the optical axis, and then enters the image sensor 200, the light is not reflected .
  • Figures 22 and 23 are another embodiment provided by this application.
  • the optical axis is no longer linear, but undergoes a reflection.
  • the imaging device 1000 includes a zoom lens group 10, an imaging lens group 20, a reflecting element 50, and an image sensor 200.
  • the image sensor 200 is located on the image side of the imaging lens group 20, and the reflecting element 50 is arranged on the object side of the imaging lens group 20.
  • the reflective element 50 can be rotated by a preset angle, and the preset angle can be understood as setting an angle according to the requirements of a specific shooting scene, and the position of the photographed object can be adjusted by the reflective element 50.
  • the reflecting element 50, the imaging lens group 20 and the image sensor 200 are arranged in the housing 60 of the imaging device 1000.
  • the housing 60 is provided with a light entrance 601.
  • the reflecting element 50 can reflect light, and reflects the light incident from the light entrance 601 to the imaging Mirror group 20.
  • the imaging lens group 20 and the image sensor 200 can be fixedly installed to the housing 60.
  • the imaging lens group 20 can also be slidably connected to the housing 60.
  • a sliding rail is provided in the housing 60 to install the imaging lens group 20
  • the imaging lens group 20 is driven to slide on the slide rail by the driving member to adjust the focal length.
  • the extension direction of the slide rail can be in the same direction as the optical axis, that is, by adjusting the position of the imaging lens group 20 on the optical axis To zoom.
  • the reflective element 50 can be rotatably connected to the housing 60, and the driving member drives the reflective element 50 to rotate relative to the housing 60 to change the angle of the reflective element 50, so that the reflection angle of the reflective element 50 to the light can be adjusted.
  • the zoom lens assembly 10 includes an optical part 11 and a driving part 12, the optical part 11 is slidably connected to the housing 60, specifically, the optical part 11 is arranged on the outer surface of the housing 60 and is slidably connected to the housing 60, and the driving part 12 is used for driving
  • the optical part 11 slides relative to the housing 60 to move the optical part 11 to the position of the light entrance 601, or the optical part 11 moves to leave the light entrance 601, when the optical part 11 moves to the position of the light entrance 601 ( As shown in FIG. 23 ), the optical element 11 cuts into the light path, the light enters the housing 60 after passing through the optical element 11, and is irradiated on the reflective element 50, and then is reflected into the imaging lens group 20 through the reflective element 50.
  • the optical part 11 moves to leave the light entrance 601 (as shown in FIG. 22), the optical part 11 is in a state of moving out of the light path. At this time, the light enters the housing 60 directly from the light entrance 601, and is reflected by the reflective element 50 to the imaging Mirror group 20.
  • the electronic device is equipped with a camera 1000 and a control unit 2000, the camera 1000 and the control unit 2000 are electrically connected, and the control unit 2000 obtains image data from the camera and processes the obtained images
  • the control unit 2000 may be a chip provided on a motherboard in an electronic device.
  • the electronic device is a smart screen used for video conferencing.
  • the zoom lens group and the imaging lens Group combination enables the camera device to collect the panoramic view of the conference room and realize panoramic viewing.
  • the imaging lens group can be used for shooting.
  • the imaging lens group can also be combined with other optical parts.
  • the imaging lens group can be combined with a reflector. Specifically, this mirror can be understood as the reflective element 50 in the embodiment shown in FIG. 22 and FIG. 23.
  • the electronic equipment is a surveillance camera, which also includes a camera device 1000 and a control unit 2000.
  • the camera device 1000 and the control unit 2000 are electrically connected, and the control unit 2000 obtains image data from the camera device. , And process the obtained image data.
  • the combination of the zoom lens group and the imaging lens group can enable the camera device to capture a wider monitoring range without much A combination of small-angle surveillance cameras.
  • the imaging lens group is used to shoot to distinguish the specific details of the object, such as information such as human face or license plate.
  • the electronic device is a mobile terminal, which also includes a camera 1000 and a control unit 2000, the camera 1000 and the control unit 2000 are electrically connected, and the control unit 2000 obtains image data from the camera. , And process the obtained image data.
  • the combination of the zoom lens group and the imaging lens group can enable the camera device to capture a wider range of photography, such as in a building , Bridges and other scenes that require wide-angle; when the optical parts move out of the light path, shooting through the imaging lens group, such as when shooting portraits.
  • the electronic device may be a vehicle-mounted camera device, which can photograph the environment around the car, acquire image data, and process the image through the control unit.
  • the vehicle-mounted camera device is installed in the proper position of the vehicle body.
  • the driving part is controlled to make the optical part cut into the light path, and the vehicle-mounted camera device can obtain a larger view.
  • Field angle, shooting a larger range of images, can provide users with a better experience.
  • the electronic device further includes an image transmission unit, and the image transmission unit may be wired transmission in the electronic device, or wireless transmission, such as 5G transmission.
  • the image transmission unit is used to transmit the image data to the display unit.
  • the display unit may be a display screen in an electronic device, or may be another display device independent of the electronic device.
  • the electronic device takes a smart screen or a mobile terminal as an example, the display unit is the screen of the electronic device, and the image data captured by the camera device in the electronic device is directly transmitted to the display unit through the image transmission unit.
  • the electronic equipment is a surveillance camera or a vehicle-mounted camera device as an example.
  • the display unit can be a remote terminal device.
  • the surveillance camera can be communicatively connected to a remote computer screen or mobile terminal (mobile phone), and the vehicle-mounted camera device can be communicatively connected to the vehicle display.
  • Screen or mobile terminal e.g. mobile phone
  • the present application also provides a zoom method, which is applied to a camera device, and the zoom method includes the following steps:
  • Receive instructions for adjusting the field of view angle that is, when a large viewing angle and a small viewing angle need to be converted between each other, the user sends an instruction to the camera device;
  • the driving part drives the optical part to move along the first direction, so that the optical part cuts into or moves out of the optical path, so as to adjust the field of view angle.
  • One direction is arranged at an included angle with the optical axis.
  • the driving element drives the optical element to cut into the optical path.
  • the driving element drives the optical element to move out of the optical path.
  • the zoom method provided by the present application further includes a step of detecting the position of an optical element, specifically: detecting the position of the optical element by the position detection unit, and when the optical element is moving, when the optical element triggers the position
  • the position detecting unit sends a signal to a driving circuit, and the driving electric circuit drives the driving element according to the signal sent by the position detecting unit to move the optical element by a predetermined distance.

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Abstract

一种变焦镜组(10)、摄像装置(1000)、电子设备及变焦方法。变焦镜组(10)沿着光轴(P)方向设置在成像镜组(20)的物侧，变焦镜组(10)包括光学件(11)和驱动件(12)，驱动件(12)用于带动光学件(11)沿第一方向(F)移动，以使光学件(11)切入或移出光路，以实现变焦，第一方向(F)与光轴(P)之间形成夹角，光路可理解为光轴(P)所在的位置。通过将变焦镜组(10)设置在成像镜组(20)的物侧，通过光学件(11)的切入或移出光路，不但能实现变焦，且在光学件(11)切入光路状态下，能够得到较大的视场角。

Description

变焦镜组、镜头组件、摄像装置、电子设备及变焦方法
本申请要求于2020年08月12日提交中国专利局、申请号为202010808880.0、发明名称为“变焦镜组、镜头组件、摄像装置、电子设备及变焦方法”的中国专利申请的优先权，以及要求于2020年06月08日提交中国专利局、申请号为202010514146.3、发明名称为“切入式变焦方法、镜头和电子设备”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及光学技术领域，特别涉及一种变焦镜组、镜头组件、摄像装置、电子设备及变焦方法。
背景技术
随着前些年开始流行的HDCVI(High Definition Composite Video Interface，高清复合视频接口)技术与SDC(Software defined camera，软件定义摄像机)、IPC(IP CAMERA，网络摄像机)的发展，前端摄像头从最初的标清、高清、超高清到如今的4K高清，画面清晰度实现了质的飞越，搭载1200万像素图像传感器已经广泛应用到智能交通、平安城市等重要领域项目中。各类摄像装置均有变焦及广角的需求。
目前，业界常用横向变焦系统解决方案实现镜头集中在长焦和短焦之间的切换，该技术主要实施步骤为：镜头被分为前组和后组，前组为可移动组，通过轴向移动该组，使镜头实现变倍效果，后组可为固定组或者调焦组，光线经过前组和后组，最终清晰成像在图像传感器上。该技术方案使得镜头焦距在长焦和短焦之间切换，即横向移动镜组方案较易在一颗镜头上实现长焦和广角的功能。
但是，横向变焦系统是通过增大镜组之间的光学间隔实现变焦，这会造成变焦过程中光学系统总体长度TTL增大，这和整机小型化理念相矛盾。
因此，如何实现摄像装置的变焦及广角，又能保证整机小型化为业界研发的方向。
发明内容
本申请提供一种变焦镜组、镜头组件、摄像装置、电子设备及变焦方法，通过驱动件带动变焦镜组在成像镜组的物侧切入或移出光路，实现变焦，且能扩大视场角，实现广角功能。
第一方面，本申请提供一种变焦镜组，应用于摄像装置内，且沿着光轴方向位于所述摄像装置的成像镜组的物侧，所述变焦镜组包括光学件和驱动件，所述光学件包括镜筒和组装在所述镜筒内的镜片组，镜片组中包括的镜片的数量可以为一片也可以为两片或两片以上，所述驱动件连接至所述镜筒，驱动件用于带动所述光学件沿着第一方向移动，以使所述光学件切入或移出光路，以实现变焦，所述第一方向与所述光轴呈夹角设置，所述光学件切入所述光路时，所述光学件位于所述光轴上，且所述光学件用于扩大所述成像镜组的视场角。具体而言，第一方向和光轴之间的夹角可以为90度或接近90度，使得光学件移动的方向垂直于光轴或接近垂直于光轴，垂直于光轴的方向切入或移 出光学件，不会影响光轴方向的光学系统的总长度。
本申请通过变焦镜组设置在成像镜组的物侧，且通过驱动件带动光学件沿第一方向移动将光学件切入或移出光路，来实现变焦，由于第一方向与光轴呈夹角设置，本申请不是沿着光轴的方向移动镜组，而是通过将镜组切入或移出光路的方式实现变焦，本申请通过光学件沿第一方向的移动的方式，相对光轴，利用横向空间(即垂直于光轴方向的空间)，不需要沿着光轴的方向移动光学件，因此可以得到较小尺寸的光学系统的总长度。摄像装置安装至电子设备内部时，由于光学系统总长度控制在小尺寸的情况下，使得摄像装置在光轴方向上的尺寸得到了控制，同时，在电子设备内，安装摄像装置的位置外围空间可能会有闲置的空间，为防止电子元件之间的相互干扰，此空间不会布置其它的电子元件，使用本申请提供的变焦镜组，可以有效利用电子设备内摄像装置外围的闲置空间布置变焦镜组，因此，本申请提供的变焦镜组小利于实现电子设备的小型化。而且变焦镜组位于成像镜组的物侧，能够扩大成像镜组的视场角。
本申请通过合理分配变焦镜组的光学件的光焦度，在光学件切入或移出光路的过程中，实现对广角区域成像，变焦镜组的光学件的光焦度为负，因为只有在光学件的光焦度为负的情况下，才具有收集大角度光线的作用，可以扩大视场角度。变焦镜组作为变倍组可改变成像镜组的视场角。一种可能的实施方式中，所述光学件的镜片组包括至少一片透镜，透镜的数量不限，可以为一片、两片、三片或更多。一种可能的实施方式中，靠近物侧的所述一片透镜为第一透镜，所述第一透镜可以为负光焦度，以使所述变焦镜组切入所述光路时，能够扩大摄像装置的视场角。
一种可能的实施方式中，所述光学件包括沿光轴依次排列的第一透镜和第二透镜，所述第一透镜的物侧面近光轴处为凸面，第一透镜的像侧面近光轴处为凹面，第一透镜的光焦度为负；第二透镜的物侧面和像侧面近光轴处均为凹面，第二透镜的光焦度为负。第一透镜和第二透镜组合后放置在成像镜组的物侧，能够实现调节焦距及扩大视场角，本实施方式提供的光学件的光焦度为负。
一种可能的实施方式中，光学件包括沿光轴依次排列的第一透镜、第二透镜和第三透镜，第一透镜为光学件的靠近物侧的第一片透镜。第一透镜的物侧面近光轴处为凹面，第一透镜的像侧面近光轴处为凹面，第一透镜的光焦度为负；第二透镜的物侧面近光轴处为凸面，第二透镜的像侧面近光轴处为凹面，第二透镜的光焦度为正；第三透镜的物侧面近光轴处为凸面，第三透镜的像侧面近光轴处为凸面，第三透镜的光焦度为正。第一透镜、第二透镜和第三透镜组合后放置在成像镜组的物侧，能够实现调节焦距及扩大视场角，本实施方式提供的光学件的光焦度为负。
一种可能的实施方式中，光学件只包括一片镜片，所述镜片的光焦度为负。具体而言，此镜片的物侧面半径范围：|R1|>100mm,此镜片的像侧面的半径范围：-35mm<R2<-15mm。
一种可能的实现方式中，所述第一方向垂直于所述光轴，可以理解为：第一方向与光轴之间为接近垂直的状态，包括绝对的呈90度夹角的理想状态，也包括在90度上下浮动的某个角度范围，例如80度至100度之间。
本申请所有实施方式中描述的两个特征之间的垂直关系中的“垂直”的限定均可以理解为：接近垂直的状态，例如第一光学件的物侧面与光轴的夹角为在90度上下浮动 的某个允许的公差范围内，例如85-95度，这个公差可以理解为组装公差，加工光学件过程中形成的平面度的公差等等。(本说明适用于后续其它的实施例，后续实施方式中不再重复解释)
一种可能的实施方式中，变焦镜组包括外壳，光学件收容于外壳内部，外壳与成像镜组连接，具体的连接方式可以为可拆卸连接或者固定连接。
一种可能的实施方式中，所述变焦镜组的外壳围设收容空间，所述光学件收容于所述收容空间内，所述外壳设有相对设置的第一开口和第二开口，所述驱动件带动所述光学件在所述收容空间内移动，当所述光学件移动至所述第一开口和所述第二开口之间时，所述光学件切入所述光路，且所述镜片组位于所述第一开口和所述成像组件之间。具体而言，外壳包括壳主体和盖板，壳主体包括共同围设形成收容空间的底壁和侧壁，底壁连接至侧壁的一端，侧壁的另一端为开口，光学件及驱动件可以从此开口位置安装至主壳体内部，盖板连接至侧壁的另一端。第二开口位于壳主体的底壁，第一开口位于盖板上。
第一开口和第二开口正对设置，第一开口的中心和第二开口的中心的连线与成像镜组的光轴共线。第一开口的尺寸可以大于第二开口的尺寸，由于变焦镜组具扩大视场角的作用，将第一开口的尺寸设置为大于第二开口的尺寸，有利于匹配大视角。当然，第一开口和第二开口可以具相同的形状及尺寸。第一开口处可以设置透明保护片(例如：保护玻璃)。
一种可能的实施方式中，部分成像镜组伸入外壳内，以使光线在外壳内直接进入成像镜组。具体而言，所述第二开口用于供部分所述成像镜组经过并伸入所述收容空间，且所述外壳连接至所述成像镜组的镜筒，以使从所述光学件出射的光线在所述收容空间内进入所述成像镜组。
一种可能的实施方式中，所述成像镜组包括镜片组和镜筒，所述成像镜组的镜筒的外围突出设置固定板，所述固定板呈环状，所述成像镜组的所述镜筒分布在所述固定板的两侧。所述变焦镜组的外壳的外表面突出设置固定部，所述固定部呈环状且包围所述第二开口，部分所述成像镜组的所述镜筒从所述第二开口伸入所述变焦镜组的所述外壳，所述固定板的搭接至所述固定部上，且与所述固定部密封连接。具体而言，可以通过胶水固定的方式密封连接。
本申请通过将变焦镜组的光学件和驱动件组装至外壳，使得变焦镜成为一个模组化的整体结构，变焦镜组可以与成像镜组或光学系统解耦，即它可以独立出来成为一个单独的装置，这样从设计、组装方面均具有易于操作的好处，将变焦镜组安装在光学系统中，例如摄像机内，只需要对外壳做定位，保证第一开口中心和第二开口中心的连线与光轴的位置关系，就可以保证组装的精度。而且独立出来的变焦镜组可以搭配不同类型的成像镜组，使得变焦镜组的应用广泛。
外壳可以与成像镜组固定连接，共同构成固定的光学架构，此种方案适用于定焦摄像头。外壳与成像镜组之间也可以为不固定的连接方式，例如可以相对滑动、相对旋转，它们之间存在自由度，这种方案可以适用于连续变焦摄像头。
一种可能的实施方式中，所述驱动件包括电机、丝杆和配合件，所述电机带动所述丝杆转动，所述配合件与所述丝杆螺纹配合，所述配合件固定连接至所述镜筒，所述丝 杆转动连接至所述外壳且在所述收容空间内沿所述第一方向延伸。本实施方式通过电机带动丝杆旋转，以及丝杆与配合件螺纹配合，实现丝杆的转动转换为配合件的移动，配合结构只需要螺纹配合，占空间较小，从组装方面容易组装，容易保证安装精度，有利于光学件的位置精度，提升变焦模组的光学性能。
一种可能的实施方式中，所述配合件包括设有螺纹通孔的主体及位于所述主体边缘位置的连接部，所述丝杆穿过所述螺纹通孔，所述镜筒的外表面设有凹槽，所述连接部与所述凹槽配合，以使所述镜筒连接至所述配合件。螺纹通孔与丝杆配合的结构，可以保证配合件在丝杆上平衡地滑动，组装过程中，先将配合件与丝杆组装为一个整体，再将配合件的连接部插入镜筒上的凹槽内，连接部与凹槽之间的配合可以为紧密配合，可以理解为过盈配合，通过连接部与镜筒之间的摩擦力实现二者之间的固定连接。
其它可能的实施方式中，由于设计或组装过程中的公差，连接部和凹槽之间可能会存在间隙，间隙的存在会导致连接部与镜筒之间的连接不稳固，移动过程中，产生晃动。此间隙可以通过胶水填充固定。也可以选择其它的方式解决间隙的问题，例如弹性连接，具体为：连接部在凹槽内与镜筒的连接结构可以设置为弹性连接结构，例如在连接部的外围设置弹片，连接部和凹槽内壁之间通过弹片抵持，弹性连接结构可以保证连接部与镜筒之间的可靠连接，防止运动过程的松动，防止镜筒产生晃动。
一种可能的实施方式中，所述电机位于所述外壳的外部，所述丝杆的一端伸出所述外壳并与所述电机的连接。本申请将电机放置在外壳的外部，不但方便电机的接线，电机需要与驱动电路及供电电路电连接，若将电机设置在外壳内，电连接的线路需要伸入外壳，这样会导致接线复杂，外壳的结构也复杂，需要预留接线孔。此外，电机工作过程中会发热，光学件受热也会产生膨胀，影响光学性能，将电机放在外壳外部，能够隔离电机的热，使光学件免于受电机的发热影响产生变形或其它的性能的改变。
一种可能的实施方式中，所述驱动件位于所述外壳的外部，所述光学件部分伸出所述外壳与所述驱动件连接，或者所述驱动件部分伸入所述外壳与所述光学件连接。
一种可能的实施方式中，可以将驱动件组装形成一个整体性的结构，再安装至外壳的外表面，外壳上设有长条状的通槽，通槽的延伸方向为第一方向，即丝杆延伸的方向。变焦镜组的镜筒上设置与驱动件的连接部配合的部分结构从所述通槽位置伸出外壳。其它实施方式中，也可以将驱动件的连接部从此通槽伸入外壳并与镜筒上的凹槽配合。
一种可能的实施方式中，驱动件还包括安装架，丝杆和电机安装至所述安装架，以将驱动件组装为一个整体性的结构，安装架安装至外壳的外表面。安装架包括第一板、第二板和第三板，所述第二板和所述第三板相对设置，所述第一板连接在所述第二板和所述第三板之间，所述第二板和所述第三板自第一板相对的两侧同向弯折延伸，所述第二板和所述第三板均垂直于第一板。丝杆的一端转动连接至第二板，丝杆的另一端穿过第三板后与电机的电机轴固定连接。第三板上设置通孔，用于供丝杆穿过，丝杆与第三板之间为转动连接的关系。安装架连接至外壳。
电机工作中也会产生振动，一种可能的实施方式中，可以在外壳外部空间配置缓冲件，吸收电机的振动电机的振动，缓冲件设置在外壳的外部，不会影响外壳内的空间布局，有利于变焦组件的小型化设计，而且电机的振动被缓冲件吸收后，会保证外壳的平稳状态，使光学件免受振动的影响，保证光学件的光学性能，提升成像效果。因此电机 设置在外壳外部还可以防止电机工作过程产生的热及振动影响光学件的成像。
一种可能的实施方式中，所述缓冲件搭配散热结构共同设置在所述电机的外围，所述散热结构用于辅助所述电机散热。所述散热结构可以为金属导热结构或石墨烯散热材料。
一种可能的实施方式中，所述外壳内设导杆，所述镜筒滑动连接至所述导杆，所述导杆的延伸方向为所述第一方向。本申请通过导杆和丝杆共同构成光学件移动的轨道，可以保证光学件移动的平稳性。导杆为光滑的圆柱形杆状，导杆的数量可以为两个，相对设置，且分别位于光学件的两侧，两个导杆和丝杆构成三角形架构，提升光学件组装位置的稳固性。
一种可能的实施方式中，通过所述光学件与所述外壳的限位配合，将所述光学件限位于切入所述光路的状态和/或移出所述光路的状态。具体而言，所述外壳内包括相对设置的第一限位壁和第二限位壁，所述导杆的两端分别固定至所述第一限位壁和所述第二限位壁，所述变焦镜组还包括限位滑块，所述限位滑块滑动连接至所述导杆，所述限位滑块固定连接至所述镜筒，所述限位滑块与所述第一限位壁顶靠时，所述光学件切入所述光路，所述限位滑块与所述第二限位壁顶靠时，所述光学件移出所述光路。概括而言，本实施方式通过限位结构(第一限位壁、第二限位壁与限位滑块的配合结构)对光学件的移动进行限位。本实施方式通过限位滑块与导杆的配合实现光学件的移动，同时通过限位滑块与第一限位壁和第二限位壁的顶靠，实现光学件移动的位置的确定，所述限位滑块与所述第一限位壁顶靠时，所述光学件切入所述光路，此时，可以通过控制单元采集光学件的位置，并发信号给驱动电路，驱动电路可以发送指令给电机，使电机停止工作，同时，控制单元可以记录光学件的位置状态。所述限位滑块与所述第二限位壁顶靠时，所述光学件移出所述光路，同样，可以通过控制单元采集光学件位置信息，并通过驱动电路发指令给电机，使电机停止工作。
一种可能的实现方式中，第一限位壁和第二限位壁与限位滑块接触的表面上可以设置缓冲垫，例如硅胶垫，缓冲垫可以固定在第一限位壁和第二限位壁的表面，也可以固定在限位滑块的表面，当限位滑块与第一限位壁和第二限位壁顶靠时，由于缓冲垫的存在，缓冲垫会吸收限位滑块移动惯性力，当电机停止工作时，限位滑块停止移动，由于惯性力被吸收，限位滑块的位置会稳定地停靠在第一限位壁和第二限位壁处，不会因惯性力产生回弹。可以理解的，外壳及限位滑块均为刚性材质，在它们的表面设置缓冲垫，可以通过胶粘贴固定，也可以通过一体成型的工艺直接制作在第一限位壁和第二限位壁的表面或限位滑块的表面。
一种可能的实现方式中，变焦镜组还包括位置检测单元，所述位置检测单元电连接至驱动电路，所述驱动件带动所述光学件沿着第一方向移动的过程中触发所述位置检测单元，所述位置检测单元发送信号至所述驱动电路，所述驱动电路用于根据所述位置检测单元所发送的信号驱动所述驱动件，以使所述光学件移动预设距离。位置检测单元可以为光耦合装置，例如光面开关。位置检测单元固定在外壳的内部，且位于光学件移动的路径上。当光学件移动至位置检测单元处时，位置检测单元会检测到光学件，这样可以触发位置检测单元，使其产生位置信号，并将此位置信号发送至驱动电路。
本申请可以通过位置检测单元结合限位结构，来实现光学件的精确定位。
第二方面，本申请提供一种镜头组件，包括成像镜组和第一方面任意一种可能的实施方式提供的变焦镜组，所述变焦镜组位于所述成像镜组的物侧。本申请提供的镜头组件中，成像镜组本身可以单独成像，将变焦镜组设置在成像镜组的物侧，变焦镜组的切入，可以与成像镜组组合起来一起成像，能对成像镜组的成像进行变焦，同时还可以扩大视场角。
一种可能的实施方式中，所述成像镜组为定焦镜组或变焦镜组或调焦镜组。成像镜组的光轴与摄像装置的光轴(或成像镜组所在的光学系统的光轴)一致，且能够沿光轴进行调焦。
一种可能的实施方式中，所述变焦镜组可拆卸地连接至所述成像镜组。可拆卸的连接架构能够实现变焦镜组与成像镜组解耦，即变焦镜组可以搭配多种不同的成像镜组来使用。
一种可能的实施方式中，镜头组件还包括用于固定所述成像镜组的基座，所述基座包括固定筒和定位柱，所述固定筒用于收容所述成像镜组远离所述变焦镜组的一端，所述定位柱位于所述固定筒的外围，所述定位柱用于连接所述变焦镜组。
具体而言，变焦镜组的外壳包括像侧表面，所述像侧表面面对成像镜组，且设有第二开口。所述外壳的像侧表面设有固定杆，固定杆的延伸方向可以垂直于外壳的像侧表面，所述固定杆位于所述安装口的外围，所述固定杆用于连接至安装所述成像镜组的基座。
所述外壳内沿所述第一方向并排设置相连通的第一空间和第二空间，所述光学件在所述第一空间内时，所述光学件位于所述第一开口和所述第二开口之间，所述光学件在所述第二空间内时，所述光学件移出所述光路；所述固定杆位于所述第一空间和所述第二空间之间，或者，所述固定件位于所述第二空间内且邻近所述第一空间的位置。固定杆的位置的设置，能够保证变焦镜组组装的平衡稳定性。
一种可能的实施方式中，所述基座内设有红外线滤光片切換器，所述红外线滤光片切換器位于所述成像镜组的像侧。
红外线滤光片切換器包括IR(Infrared-Reflection，红外截止)片和AR(Anti-Reflection，高透光率防反射)片，红外线滤光片切換器能够实现IR片和AR片之间的切换，以使成像组件适应不同的应用场景，能够提升摄像装置的拍摄效果，当环境光照度较强(例如在白天使用摄像装置)的情况下，使用红外线滤光片切換器中IR片的功能，IR片可以过滤掉红外光，保证成像质量。当环境光照度较弱(例如在夜晚使用摄像装置)的情况下，自动切换为红外光补偿功能，使用红外线滤光片切換器的AR片的功能，AR片可以透过红外光(电子设备启动红外灯，产生红外光)，补偿环境光照度较弱的问题。具体而言，通过配置在摄像装置内的光敏器件感受环境光的变化，光敏器件传送环境光照度的信号给控制芯片，通过控制芯片传送信号给驱动件，启动驱动件工作，驱动红外线滤光片切換器切换AR片和IR片。
一种可能的实施方式中，所述变焦镜组和所述成像镜组之间的光路上设有反射元件，所述反射元件能够旋转预设角度，预设角度可以理解为根据具体拍摄场景的需求设置角度，反射元件用于将入射光反射一角度后进入成像镜组。
第三方面，本申请提供一种摄像装置，包括图像传感器和第二方面任意一种可能的 实施方式提供的镜头组件，所述图像传感器位于所述成像镜组的像侧。具体而言，图像传感器设置在电路板上，电路板固定至基座，这样，基座即连接了电路板，又安装了成像组件，同时变焦镜组也连接至基座，使得摄像装置的光学部分形成一个整体，易于组装，定位精度可以控制的良好。而且光路在变焦镜组的外壳内部直接进入成像镜组的镜筒，再通过基座进入图像传感器，光路与外界隔离，可以做到较好的密封，防止灰尘等杂物进入光路，可以提升成像质量。
第四方面，本申请提供一种电子设备，包括控制单元如第三方面提供的摄像装置，所述控制单元与所述图像传感器电连接，用于从所述摄像装置获取图像数据，并处理所述图像数据。
一种可能的实施方式中，所述电子设备为用于视频会议的智慧屏，当变焦镜组中的光学件切入光路时，由于变焦镜组具变焦及扩大视场角的功能，变焦镜组和成像镜组结合能够使得摄像装置采集到会议室内的全景，实现全景观看。当光学件移出光路时，通过成像镜组进行拍摄，成像镜组也可以与其它的光学件结合，例如成像镜组与反射镜结合，反射镜可以旋转，这样可以分别定位至与会人员，实现特写的拍摄效果。
一种可能的实施方式中，所述电子设备为移动终端，当变焦镜组中的光学件切入光路时，由于变焦镜组具变焦及扩大视场角的功能，变焦镜组和成像镜组结合能够使得摄像装置采集到更广阔的摄影范围，如在拍建筑、桥梁等需要广角的场景时；当光学件移出光路时，通过成像镜组进行拍摄，如拍摄人像时。
一种可能的实施方式中，所述电子设备为监控摄像机，当变焦镜组中的光学件切入光路时，由于变焦镜组具变焦及扩大视场角的功能，变焦镜组和成像镜组结合能够使得摄像装置采集到更广阔的监控范围，而不需要多台小角度监控摄像机组合。当光学件移出光路时，通过成像镜组进行拍摄，分辨被摄物体具体细节，如人脸或者车牌等信息等。
一种可能的实施方式中，所述电子设备还包括图像传输单元，所述图像传输单元用于将所述图像数据传输至显示单元，具体而言，图像传输单元可以为有线传输或无线传输，显示单元可以为电子设备本身所具有的显示屏，例如智慧屏的屏幕，显示单元也可以为独立于电子设备的其它的显示设备，例如电子设备为监控摄像机时，通过无线传输的方式，可以将图像传送至远端的显示屏上。
第五方面，本申请提供一种变焦方法，应用于摄像装置，所述摄像装置包括沿着光轴方向依次布置的变焦镜组、成像镜组和图像传感器，所述变焦镜组包括光学件和驱动件，所述光学件包括镜筒和组装在所述镜筒内的镜片组，所述驱动件连接至所述镜筒；所述变焦方法包括：
接收视场角调节需求的指令；
根据所述指令启动所述驱动件，以使所述驱动件带动所述光学件沿着第一方向移动，使得所述光学件切入或移出光路，以实现视场角的调节，所述第一方向与所述光轴呈夹角设置。
具体而言，当所述视场角调节需求的指令为扩大视场角时，所述驱动件带动所述光学件切入所述光路。当所述视场角调节需求的指令为缩小视场角时，所述驱动件带动所述光学件移出所述光路。
一种可能的实施方式中，摄像装置内设位置检测单元，通过所述位置检测单元检测 所述光学件的位置，所述光学件在移动的过程中，当所述光学件触发所述位置检测单元时，所述位置检测单元发送信号给驱动电路，所述驱动电电路根据所述位置检测单元所发送的信号驱动所述驱动件，以使所述光学件移动预设距离。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例中的技术方案，下面将对本申请实施例中所需要使用的附图进行说明。
图1为本申请一种可能的实施方式提供的摄像装置的示意图，其中光学件为切入光路状态；
图2为图1所示的摄像装置中的光学件移出光路的状态的示意图；
图3所示为本申请一种可能的实施方式提供的摄像装置中，光学件移出光路状态下的光路图；
图4所示为本申请一种可能的实施方式提供的摄像装置中，光学件切入光路状态下的光路图；
图5为本申请一种可能的实施方式提供的摄像装置的示意图，其中光学件为切入光路状态；
图6为图5所示的摄像装置中的光学件移出光路的状态的示意图；
图7为本申请一种可能的实施方式提供的变焦镜组中的光学件的镜片组的架构示意图；
图8为本申请一种可能的实施方式提供的变焦镜组中的光学件的镜片组的架构示意图；
图9A为本申请一种实施方式提供的变焦镜组的组装后的一个方向的立体示意图；
图9B为本申请一种实施方式提供的变焦镜组的组装后的另一个方向的立体示意图；
图10为本申请一种可能的实施方式提供的摄像装置的剖面图；
图11为本申请一种可能的实施方式提供的摄像装置的一个方向的立体示意图；
图12为本申请一种可能的实施方式提供的摄像装置的另一个方向的立体示意图；
图13为本申请一种可能的实施方式提供的摄像装置的立体分解示意图；
图14为本申请一种可能的实施方式提供的变焦镜组的部分立体组装示意图；
图15为本申请一种可能的实施方式提供的摄像装置的一个方向的剖面图；
图16为本申请一种可能的实施方式提供的摄像装置的一个方向的剖面图的局部视图；
图17为本申请一种可能的实施方式提供的摄像装置的另一个方向的剖面图，其中光学件为切入光路状态；
图18为图17所示的剖面图的光学件移出光路的状态示意图；
图19为本申请一种可能的实施方式提供的摄像装置的一个方向的剖面图的局部视图；
图20为本申请一种可能的实施方式提供的摄像装置的一个方向的剖面图，其中光学件为切入光路状态；
图21为图20所示的剖面图的光学件移出光路的状态示意图；
图22为本申请一种实施方式提供的摄像装置的示意图，其中变焦镜组为移出光路的状态；
图23为本申请一种实施方式提供的摄像装置的示意图，其中变焦镜组为切入光路的状态；
图24为本申请一种实施方式提供的电子设备的示意图；
图25为本申请另一种实施方式提供的电子设备的示意图；
图26为本申请另一种实施方式提供的电子设备的示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合本申请实施例中的附图对本申请实施例进行描述。
为方便理解，下面先对本申请实施例所涉及的英文简写和有关技术术语进行解释和描述。
分辨率(Resolution)：代表镜头的解析能力，数值越高，解析能力越强，成像越清晰，市面上有100万像素(1mega pixels，简称1M)、2M、4M、6M、4K摄像机。
变焦镜头(zoom lens):是在一定范围内可以通过改变镜组之间的距离来变换焦距，从而得到不同宽窄的视场角、不同大小的影像和不同景物范围的照相机镜头，镜头中通常含有zoom群与focus镜组群。
图像传感器(sensor)：它是一种半导体器件，作用就像胶片一样，但它是把光信号转换成电荷信号，sensor上植入的微小光敏物质称作像素(Pixel)，一块sensor上包含的像素数越多，其提供的画面分辨率也就越高。
光学总长(TTL，Total Track Length)：光学镜头最前表面到图像传感器之间的长度。
视场角(FOV)：在光学仪器中，以光学仪器的镜头为顶点，以被测目标的物像可通过镜头的最大范围的两条边缘构成的夹角，称为视场角。视场角的大小决定了光学仪器的视野范围，视场角越大，视野就越大，光学倍率就越小。通俗地说，目标物体超过这个角就不会被收在镜头里。
光焦度(focal power)：像方光束会聚度与物方光束会聚度之差，它表征光学系统对入射平行光束的屈折本领，折射球面透镜的光焦度
Figure PCTCN2021087952-appb-000001
其中，n'为透镜的折射率，n为透镜所处介质的折射率，通常透镜处于空气中，n则为1。
Figure PCTCN2021087952-appb-000002
的数值越大，平行光束折得越厉害；
Figure PCTCN2021087952-appb-000003
时，为正屈光力，屈折是会聚性的；
Figure PCTCN2021087952-appb-000004
时，为负屈光力，屈折是发散性的。
Figure PCTCN2021087952-appb-000005
时，即为平面折射，也称为无光焦度，这时沿轴平行光束经折射后仍是沿轴平行光束，不出现屈折现象。
光轴，是一条垂直穿过透镜中心的光线。镜头光轴是通过镜头中心的线。与光轴平行的光线射入凸透镜时，理想的凸透镜应是所有的光线会聚在透镜后的一点，这个会聚所有光线的一点，即为焦点。
红外线滤光片切換器(ICR)：滤光片的切换，决定影像感测器是否能接收红外光，滤光片切换时间，则取决于摄影机上感测器侦测到的可见光强度。
以透镜或透镜组为界，被摄物体所在的一侧为物侧，被摄物体的图像所在的一侧为像侧；透镜靠近物侧的表面可以称为物侧面，透镜靠近像侧的表面可以称为像侧面。
成像面，位于变焦镜头中所有透镜的像侧、且光线依次穿过变焦镜头中各透镜后形成像的载面。
本申请所有实施方式中描述的两个特征之间的垂直关系中的“垂直”的限定均可以理解为：接近垂直的状态，例如第一光学件的物侧面与光轴的夹角为在90度上下浮动的某个允许的公差范围内，例如80-100度，这个公差可以理解为组装公差，加工光学件过程中形成的平面度的公差等等。
参阅图1，本申请提供一种变焦镜组10，应用在摄像装置1000中，摄像装置1000包括镜头组件100和图像传感器200，镜头组件100包括变焦镜组10和成像镜组20，变焦镜组10位于成像镜组20的物侧，用于实现光学系统的变焦及扩大视场角。如图1所示，变焦镜组10、成像镜组20和图像传感器200沿着光轴P的延伸方向依次布置，图像传感器200的位置为光学系统的成像面，目标物体(待拍摄物)位于变焦镜组10远离图像传感器200的一侧。成像镜组20为定焦镜组或变焦镜组或调焦镜组。图1只是示意性地表达了变焦镜组10与成像镜组20和图像传感器200之间的位置关系，可以理解的是，摄像装置1000中还可以包括其它的光学件，例如可以为滤光片、用于改变光路方向的旋转反射件、光阑等。其它的光学件可以设置在成像镜组20和图像传感器200之间，例如在成像镜组20和图像传感器200之间设置滤光片，其它的光学件也可以设置在成像镜组20和变焦镜组10之间，例如在成像镜组20和变焦镜组10之间设置用于改变光路方向的旋转反射件，其它的光学件也可以设置在变焦镜组10的物侧，例如在变焦镜组10的物侧设置光阑。
成像镜组20的光轴与摄像装置1000的光轴(或成像镜组所在的光学系统的光轴)一致，均位于光轴P上，成像镜组20能够沿光轴P进行调焦，或者通过旋转的方式调节成像镜组20，以实现防抖。
变焦镜组10包括光学件11和驱动件12，驱动件12用于带动光学件11沿着第一方向F运动，以使所述光学件11切入或移出光路。“切入光路”可以理解为光学件11在光学系统的光路上，光线经过光学件11后再进入成像镜组20。“移出光路”可以理解为光线进入摄像装置1000的镜头组件100后，不会经过光学件11，而是直接进入成像镜组20，即光学件11不在光的传播路径上。图1所示为光学件11切入光路的状态示意图，图2为光学件11移出光路的状态示意图。通过光学件11在成像镜组20的物侧方向切入或移出光路，可以实现变焦，同时可以扩大视场角。所述第一方向F与所述光轴P呈夹角设置。具体而言，所述夹角可以为90度或接近90度，使得光学件11移动的方向垂直于光轴或接近垂直于光轴P。相较传统的沿着光轴P的方向移动光学件进行变焦的方案，垂直于光轴P的方向切入或移出光学件11的变焦方案，不会影响光轴P方向的光学系统的总长度TTL，有利于满足摄像装置小型化的设计需求。
图3和图4所示分别为光学件11未切入光路时的光路图和光学件11切入后的光路图，可以看到本申请提供的摄像装置在通过变焦组件10进行变焦过程中，视场角的变化情况。其中，最左侧为目标物体S，最右侧为图像传感器200。如图3所示，光学件11未切入光路时，成像组件20单独用于成像，即成像镜组20可以将目标物体S清晰地成像在成像面上。对比图3和图4所示，光学件11切入光路后，目标物体S处的高度增加了，H2大于H1，明显视场角变大了，可以收集到大视场角光线，即可实现广角拍 摄功能。
图5和图6所示为本申请一种实施方式提供的摄像装置1000的示意图，本实施方式与图1和图2所示的实施方式的区别在于：本实施方式增加了外壳13，且通过外壳13将变焦镜组10与成像镜组20组装在一起，使得镜头组件100为组装为一体的架构，整体性好，镜头组件100安装至摄像装置1000内时，需要与图像传感器200进行精确对位，本实施方式有利于提高对位精度。具体而言，变焦镜组10包括外壳13，光学件11和驱动件13安装至外壳13，成像镜组20也连接至外壳13，通过外壳13的设置使得变焦镜组10与成像镜组20组装在一起。而且部分成像镜组20伸入外壳13的内部，使得光学件11和成像镜组20之间的光路设置在外壳13的内部，外壳13可以具密闭性，能够保护光路，有利于保证光路的稳定性。
本申请通过光学件11的切入或移出光路，实现变焦，且通过合理分配变焦镜组10的光学件11的光焦度，使得在光学件11切入光路时，能实现对广角区域的成像。变焦镜组10的光学件11的光焦度为负，变焦镜组作为变倍组可改变成像镜组的视场角，因为只有在光学件的光焦度为负的情况下，才具有收集大角度光线的作用，可以扩大视场角度。所述光学件11的镜片组包括至少一片透镜，透镜的数量不限，可以为一片、两片、三片或更多。靠近目标物体的所述一片透镜为第一透镜，一种具体的实施方式中，所述第一透镜具负光焦度，以使所述变焦镜组切入所述光路时，能够扩大摄像装置的视场角。
图7和图8所示为两种具体实施方式提供的变焦镜组10中的光学件11的镜片组的架构。
如图7所示，光学件11包括沿光轴P依次排列的第一透镜1101和第二透镜1102，第一透镜1101为光学件11的靠近物侧的第一片透镜。第一透镜1101的物侧面S1近光轴P处为凸面，第一透镜1101的像侧面S2近光轴P处为凹面，第一透镜1101的光焦度可以为负；第二透镜1102的物侧面S3和像侧面S4近光轴处均为凹面，第二透镜1102的光焦度为负。第一透镜1101和第二透镜1102组合后放置在成像镜组的物侧，能够实现调节焦距及扩大视场角，本实施方式提供的光学件11的光焦度为负。
如图8所示，光学件11包括沿光轴P依次排列的第一透镜1101、第二透镜1102和第三透镜1103，第一透镜1101为光学件11的靠近物侧的第一片透镜。第一透镜1101的物侧面S1近光轴P处为凹面，第一透镜1101的像侧面S2近光轴P处为凹面，第一透镜1101的光焦度为负；第二透镜1102的物侧面S3近光轴处为凸面，第二透镜1102的像侧面S4近光轴处均为凹面，第二透镜1102的光焦度为正；第三透镜1103的物侧面S5近光轴处为凸面，第三透镜1103的像侧面S6近光轴处为凸面，第三透镜1103的光焦度为正。第一透镜1101、第二透镜1102和第三透镜1103组合后放置在成像镜组的物侧，能够实现调节焦距及扩大视场角，本实施方式提供的光学件11的光焦度为负。
图8中对第一透镜1101和第二透镜1102的标号与图7中的第一透镜和第二透镜的标号相同，采用相同的标号只是想表达第一透镜和第二透镜在两种实施方式中的位置是相同的，即于光轴上的排序相同，分别为第一片透镜和第二片透镜。两个实施方式中同个位置的透镜采用相同的标号并不能代表：这两个实施例中的第一透镜和第二透镜的结构形态是相同的，也不能代表第一透镜和第二透镜的尺寸及光学参数是相同的。
其它可能的实施方式中，光学件11也可以只包括一枚镜片，此镜片的光焦度为负，此镜片的物侧面半径范围：|R1|>100mm,此镜片的像侧面的半径范围：-35mm<R2<-15mm。
图9A和图9B所示为本申请一种实施方式提供的变焦镜组10的组装后的立体示意图，变焦镜组10包括外壳13，外壳13包括壳主体131和盖板132，盖板132上设第一开口1321，第一开口1321为入光口。壳主体131包括共同围设形成收容空间的底壁1312和侧壁1313，底壁1312上设第二开口1311，底壁1312连接至侧壁1313的一端，侧壁1313的另一端为开口(图9A中此开口被盖板132遮挡)，光学件11及驱动件12可以从此开口位置安装至主壳体131内部，盖板132连接至侧壁1313的另一端的开口位置。本申请通过将变焦镜组的光学件和驱动件组装至外壳，使得变焦镜成为一个模组化的整体结构，变焦镜组可以与成像镜组或光学系统解耦，即它可以独立出来成为一个单独的装置，这样从设计、组装方面均具有易于操作的好处，将变焦镜组安装在光学系统中，例如摄像机内，只需要对外壳做定位，保证第一开口中心和第二开口中心的连线与光轴的位置关系，就可以保证组装的精度。而且独立出来的变焦镜组可以搭配不同类型的成像镜组，使得变焦镜组的应用广泛。
具体而言，盖板132和壳主体131的底壁1312均为平板状，盖板132和壳主体131的底壁1312相互平行，且均垂直于光轴。盖板132与壳主体131之间可以通过卡扣结构固定，也可以通过粘胶固定，或者或能螺丝固定。图9A和图9B所示的实施例中，盖板132与壳主体131之间通过螺丝固定，具体而言，盖板132的边缘位置突出设置固定片1322，盖板132与壳主体131扣合时，固定片1322位于壳主体131的外侧，通过螺丝穿过固定片1322并锁固至壳主体131，以实现固定连接。结合图9A和图9B所示，固定片1322的数量可以为三个，形成三角形固定架构。
在光轴的延伸方向上，第一开口1321和第二开口1311正对设置，第一开口1321的中心和第二开口1321的中心的连线与光轴共线。第一开口1321的尺寸可以大于第二开口1311的尺寸，由于变焦镜组10具扩大视场角的作用，将第一开口1321的尺寸设置为大于第二开口1311的尺寸，有利于匹配大的视场角。当然，第一开口1321和第二开口1311可以具相同的形状及尺寸。第一开口1321处可以设置光学件或透明保护片，例如保护玻璃，为了保证变焦镜组10的外壳13的密闭性，第一开口1321处的光学件或透明保护片与外壳13之间通过密封胶粘贴固定，形成具防尘防水效果的密封结构，可以保护光路不受环境中的灰尘或水汽影响，保证成像质量。
图10为本申请提供的摄像装置1000的剖面图，图11和图12为本申请提供的摄像装置1000的立体示意图，图13为图11和图12所示的摄像装置1000的立体分解示意图。本实施方式中，摄像装置1000为定焦摄像头，变焦镜组10、成像镜组20和图像传感器200组装在一起，形成一个整体。其中，图像传感器200是固定在电路板201上的，图12所示的电路板201上的虚线框表示的器件为图像传感器200，它被电路板201遮挡，不可见，用虚线表示。
如图11所示，光学件11处于切入光路的状态，光学件11正对盖板132上的第一开口1321。如图12所示，第二开口的位置处连接成像镜组20，在图12中第二开口被成像镜组20遮挡，不可见。参阅图13，成像镜组20包括镜片组21和镜筒22，镜片组 21安装在镜筒22内，镜筒22的外围突出设置固定板221，固定板221呈环状，固定板221与镜筒22的圆柱状外表面之间形成夹角，此夹角可为90度或接近90度，即固定板221在镜筒20的外表面垂直向外延伸。具体而言，固定板221位于镜筒22的柱状本体的中间区域，固定板221的两侧均有部分镜筒22的柱状本体。部分所述成像镜组20经过第二开口并伸入外壳13内的所述收容空间，且镜筒22连接至变焦镜组的外壳13，以使从所述光学件11出射的光线在所述收容空间内进入所述成像镜组20。图13所示的固定板221左侧的部分镜筒22伸入变焦组件10的外壳13，固定板221与外壳13固定连接。结合图9B、图10和图12，外壳13的外表面突设固定部133，固定部133呈环状且包围第二开口1311，固定板221的外边缘搭接在固定部133上，固定板221与固定部133之间可以通过胶水粘贴固定。
因此，本实施方式中，变焦镜组10的外壳13与成像镜组20固定连接共同构成固定的光学架构，此种方案适用于定焦摄像头。其它实施方式中，外壳13与成像镜组20之间也可以为不固定的连接方式，例如二者之间可以相对滑动、相对旋转，可以通过移动或旋转的方式调节变焦镜组10或成像镜组20的位置，这种方案可以适用于连续变焦摄像头。
本申请用于驱动光学件11移动的驱动件12可以采用电机和丝杆配合的方案，也可以采用气缸作为动力推动光学件移动。以电机和丝杆配合的方案进行详细的描述，如下。
参阅图13、图14和图15，驱动件12包括电机121、丝杆122和配合件123，丝杆122的一端与电机121的输出轴固定连接，电机121工作的状态下，能够带动所述丝杆122转动。丝杆123的外表面设有螺纹，用于螺纹连接配合件123。所述配合件123固定连接至光学件11。所述配合件123包括设有螺纹通孔1231的主体1232及位于所述主体1232边缘位置的连接部1234，所述丝杆122穿过所述螺纹通孔1231，以实现所述配合件123与所述丝杆122螺纹配合。
具体而言，如图15所示，所述镜筒112的外表面设有凹槽1124，所述连接部1234与所述凹槽1124配合，以使所述镜筒112连接至所述配合件123。本申请通过螺纹通孔1231与丝杆122配合的结构，可以保证配合件123在丝杆122上平衡地滑动，组装过程中，先将配合件123与丝杆122组装为一个整体，再将配合件123的连接部1234插入镜筒112上的凹槽1124内，连接部1234与凹槽1124之间的配合可以为紧密配合，可以理解为过盈配合，通过连接部1234与镜筒112之间的摩擦力实现二者之间的固定连接。
其它可能的实施方式中，由于设计或组装过程中的公差，连接部1234和凹槽1124之间可能会存在间隙，间隙的存在会导致连接部1234与镜筒112之间的连接不稳固，移动过程中，产生晃动。此间隙可以通过胶填充固定。也可以选择其它的方式解决间隙的问题，例如弹性连接，具体为：连接部1234在凹槽1124内与镜筒112的连接结构可以设置为弹性连接结构，例如在连接部1234的外围设置弹片，连接部1234和凹槽1124内壁之间通过弹片抵持，弹性连接结构可以保证连接部1234与镜筒112之间的可靠连接，防止运动过程的松动，防止镜筒112产生晃动。
本实施方式通过电机121带动丝杆122旋转，以及丝杆122与配合件123螺纹配合，实现丝杆122的转动转换为配合件123的移动，配合结构只需要螺纹配合，占空间较小， 从组装方面容易组装，容易保证安装精度，有利于光学件11的位置精度，提升变焦模组10的光学性能。
参阅图13，光学件11的具体结构如下：
光学件11包括镜片组111和镜筒112，镜筒112包括筒状本体1121、第一连接部1122和第二连接部1123。筒状本体1121包围形成安装空间，镜片组111收容于安装空间内，且固定连接至镜筒112。第一连接部1122的数量为两个，分别位于筒状本体1121相对的两侧。第二连接部1123上设有凹槽1124，凹槽1124用于与配合件123固定连接。第二连接部1123和其中一个第一连接部1122位于筒状本体1121的同侧。
所述丝杆122转动连接至所述外壳13且在所述收容空间内沿所述第一方向延伸。外壳13内还设置导杆134，所述导杆134固定在外壳13内，且其延伸方向为所述第一方向。具体而言，壳主体131的侧壁1313上设安装孔，导杆134的两端伸入安装孔以将导杆134固定连接至壳主体131。导杆134为光滑的圆柱形杆状，镜筒112滑动连接至所述导杆134，导杆134的数量为两个，分布在光学件11的两侧，其中一个导杆134与丝杆122位于光学件11的镜筒的同侧。本申请通过导杆134和丝杆122共同构成光学件11移动的轨道，可以保证光学件11移动的平稳性。两个导杆134和丝杆122构成三角形架构，提升光学件11组装位置的稳固性。
具体而言，镜筒112的两个第一连接部1122与导杆134配合实现滑动连接，第一连接部1122包括配合部1122A和连接段1122B，连接段1122B连接在配合部1122A和镜筒本体1121之间，连接段1122B可以为平板状，也可以呈杆状或条状等任意形状，配合部1122A设有通孔或通槽1122C，导杆134穿过通孔或通槽1122C且与镜筒112滑动连接。如图13所示，两个配合部1122A的结构形态不一样，其中一个配合部1122A(图13中镜筒本体1121左侧的)远离连接段1122B的一端凹设通槽1122C，此通槽1122C可以为半圆柱状的收容空间。另一个配合部1122A(图13中镜筒本体1121右侧的)呈框状结构，且于第一方向延伸(即此配合部1122A呈长条形的框状架构，其长度延伸方向与导杆134的延伸方向一致)，此配合部1122A围设中空区域，配合部1122A设一对通孔1122D，此对通孔1122D沿着第一方向正对设置，导杆134穿过此对通孔1122D。框状结构的配合部1122A与导杆134的配合的稳定性会更好，中空区域的设置，有利于减轻重量，使得整个镜组的具轻型化的优势。
具体而言，位于镜筒本体1121两侧的两个连接段1122B均为平板状，且二者共面。连接框状配合部1122A的连接段1122B(图13中镜筒本体1121右侧的)为第一连接段，另一个连接段(图13中镜筒本体1121左侧的)为第二连接段，一种实施方式中，第一连接段在第一方向上延伸的尺寸大于第二连接段在第一方向上延伸的尺寸，第二连接段与第一连接段的中部对应设置，相应地，其中一个配合部1122A与另一个配合部1122A的中部对应设置，这样的两个第一连接部1122与导杆134配合可以实现更稳固地支撑镜筒本体1121。
光学件11的镜筒112为一体成型的结构，具体为塑料材质，通过注塑工艺一体成型制作。
本申请具体实施方式采用电机121作为驱动件12的动力源，带动光学件11移动。一种实施方式中，本申请可以将所述电机121设置在所述外壳13的外部，丝杆122安 装在外壳13的内部，所述丝杆122的一端伸出所述外壳13并与所述电机121的连接，具体而言，外壳13上可以设通孔，供丝杆122的一端伸出，此通孔的尺寸大于丝杆122的外径，可以保证丝杆122在其内部转动。丝杆122的另一端在所述外壳13的内部且与外壳13形成转动连接的关系。
参阅图13、图14和图15，一种实施方式中，本申请将驱动件12均设置在外壳13的外部，驱动件12组装形成一个整体性的结构，再安装至外壳13的外表面。具体而言，驱动件12还包括安装架124，电机121和丝杆122安装至安装架124，构成一个整体后，再通过安装架124安装至外壳13的外表面。安装架124包括第一板1241、第二板1242和第三板1243，所述第二板1242和所述第三板1243相对设置，所述第一板1241连接在所述第二板1242和所述第三板1243之间，所述第二板1242和所述第三板1243自第一板1241相对的两侧同向弯折延伸，所述第二板1242和所述第三板1243均垂直于第一板1241。图13中，由于丝杆122被安装架124遮挡，不可见，为了方便理解丝杆122的位置及连接关系，用虚线表示的部分表示丝杆122。图14可以看到丝杆122和安装架124中的第一板1241之间的位置关系。丝杆122的一端转动连接至第二板1242，丝杆122的另一端穿过第三板1243后与电机121的电机轴固定连接。第三板1243上设置通孔，用于供丝杆122穿过，丝杆122与第三板1243之间为转动连接的关系。配合件123套设在丝杆122上。安装架124连接至壳主体131的侧壁1313上。
壳主体131的一个侧壁1313上设有安装槽位1314，安装槽位1314的底壁为外壳13的一部分，安装槽位1314的底壁设有通槽1315，此通槽1315将外壳13的内部空间(即壳主体131的内部空间)与外壳的外部空间相通，也可以理解为：通槽1315将外壳13的内部空间与安装槽位1314内的空间相通。通槽1315呈长条状，其延伸方向为第一方向。
驱动件12安装在安装槽位1314位置处，具体为安装架124安装至安装槽位1314处，安装架124通过螺丝固定的方式固定连接至壳主体131。安装架124安装至壳主体131后，第一板1241与通槽1315相对设置，丝杆122和配合部123位于安装架124和壳主体131共同限定的空间内，此空间为密闭空间，防止外界杂物灰尘等影响丝杆122和配合部123之间的配合关系，若有杂物或灰尘进入丝杆122和配合部123的配合处，可能会导致二者之间的螺纹连接不顺畅，驱动的过程容易出现声响或卡住的状况。
参阅图13和图15，镜筒112部分伸出壳主体131，具体为镜筒112的第二连接部1123从通槽1315处伸出壳主体113，在安装架124和壳主体131共同限定的空间内，第二连接部1123与，配合部123的连接部1234固定连接。
其它实施方式中，也可以采用这样的方案：配合部123部分从通槽1315处伸入壳主体131的内部，以与镜筒121上的凹槽1124配合，具体而言，配合部123的连接部1234伸入壳主体131，并插入镜筒121的凹槽1124内，并与镜筒121固定连接。
驱动件12还包括电连接至电机121的传输线125，传输线125一端与电机121电连接，另一端设有连接器，用于插接至电路板上的对应的连接器，电路板上可以设置控制单元，控制单元包括驱动电路和供电电路。
本申请将电机121放置在外壳13的外部，不但方便电机121的接线，电机121需要与驱动电路及供电电路电连接，若将电机121设置在外壳13内，电连接的线路需要 伸入外壳13，这样会导致接线复杂，外壳13的结构也复杂，不但要有安装固定电机121的结构，还要需要预留接线孔。此外，电机121工作过程中会发热，光学件11受热也会产生膨胀，影响光学性能，将电机121放在外壳13的外部，能够隔离电机121的热，使光学件11免于受电机121的发热影响产生变形或其它的性能的改变。
参阅图16，电机121在工作中也会产生振动，可以在外壳12外部空间配置缓冲件126，吸收电机的振动电机121的振动，缓冲件126设置在外壳13的外部，不会影响外壳13内的空间布局，有利于变焦组件的小型化设计。图16所示的实施方式中，缓冲件126设置在电机121的外围，电机121和壳主体131外表面之间填充缓冲件126，电机121远离壳主体131外表面的一侧也可以设置缓冲件126，缓冲件126的数量可以为一个，环绕电机121的外表面设置，可以完全包围电机121，也可以部分包围电机121。缓冲件126的材质可以为泡棉或硅胶等具缓冲性能的材质。缓冲件126可以搭配散热结构共同设置在电机121的外围，因为若只有缓冲件121环绕电机121设置，缓冲件126可能会影响电机121的散热，影响电机121的使用寿命。通过缓冲件126搭配散热结构，可以在为电机121提供缓冲振动的过程中，保证电机121的发热可以散发出去。散热结构可以为金属导热结构或石墨烯散热结构等。本实施方式中，电机121的振动被缓冲件126吸收后，会保证外壳13的平稳状态，使光学件11免受振动的影响，保证光学件11的光学性能，提升成像效果。
驱动件12在带动光学件11在外壳13内移动，使光学件11切入或移出光路的过程中，需要对光学件11的位置进行限位，确定其是在切入光路或移出光路的状态。
一种可能的实施方式中，参阅图17，所述外壳13内包括相对设置的第一限位壁135和第二限位壁136，所述导杆134的两端分别固定至所述第一限位壁135和所述第二限位壁136，所述变焦镜组10还包括限位滑块，所述限位滑块滑动连接至所述导杆134，所述限位滑块固定连接至所述镜筒112，结合图13、图17和图18，本实施方式中，限位滑块为第一连接部1122的配合部1122A，且为呈框状结构的配合部1122A。所述配合部1122A(即限位滑块)与所述第一限位壁135顶靠时(即图17所示的配合部1122A所在的位置)，所述光学件11切入所述光路，于成像镜组和待成像物体之间，用于变焦及扩大视场角。所述配合部1122A(即限位滑块)与所述第二限位壁136顶靠时(即图18所示的配合部1122A所在的位置)，所述光学件移出所述光路。
概括而言，本实施方式通过限位结构(第一限位壁135、第二限位壁136与限位滑块(第一连接部1122的配合部1122A)的配合结构)对光学件11的移动进行限位。本实施方式通过配合部1122A与导杆134的配合实现光学件的移动的导向，同时通过限位滑块与第一限位壁135和第二限位壁136的顶靠，实现光学件11移动的位置的确定。所述限位滑块与所述第一限位壁135顶靠时，代表所述光学件11切入所述光路，此时，可以通过控制单元采集光学件11的位置，并发信号给驱动电路，驱动电路可以发送指令给电机121，使电机121停止工作，同时，控制单元可以记录光学件11的位置状态。所述限位滑块与所述第二限位壁136顶靠时，代表所述光学件11移出所述光路，同样，可以通过控制单元采集光学件位置信息，并通过驱动电路发指令给电机121，使电机121停止工作。
一种可能的实现方式中，参阅图19，第一限位壁135和第二限位壁136与限位滑块 接触的表面上可以设置缓冲垫137，例如硅胶垫或泡棉，缓冲垫137可以固定在第一限位壁135和第二限位壁135的表面，也可以固定在限位滑块的表面，图19示意性地表达了缓冲垫137设置在第一限位壁135和第二限位壁135的表面的架构。当限位滑块与第一限位壁135和第二限位壁135顶靠时，由于缓冲垫137的存在，缓冲垫137会吸收限位滑块移动惯性力，当电机121停止工作时，限位滑块停止移动，由于惯性力被吸收，限位滑块的位置会稳定地停靠在第一限位壁135和第二限位壁136处，不会因惯性力产生回弹。如图19所示的实施方式中，可以理解的是，限位滑块具体停靠的位置为设置在第一限位壁135和第二限位壁136表面上的缓冲垫137的位置处。限位滑块停止运动时，缓冲垫137夹设在限位滑块和第一限位壁135或第二限位壁136之间。外壳13及限位滑块均为刚性材质，在它们的表面设置缓冲垫，可以通过胶粘贴固定，也可以通过一体成型的工艺直接制作在第一限位壁135和第二限位壁136的表面或限位滑块的表面。
参阅图17和图18，一种可能的实现方式中，变焦镜组10还包括位置检测单元138，所述位置检测单元138电连接至驱动电路，驱动电路可以位于外壳13的外部，也可以设置在外壳13的内部，由于本申请可能的实施方式中，电机121设置在外壳13的外部，因此，驱动电路13亦设置在外壳13的外部，位置检测单元138通过导线电连接至驱动电路，导线可以从外壳13的外部延伸至外壳13的内部，当然，位置检测单元138与驱动电路之间也可以通过无线传输的方式进行电连接。所述驱动件12带动所述光学件11沿着第一方向移动的过程中触发所述位置检测单元138，所述位置检测单元138发送信号至所述驱动电路，所述驱动电路用于根据所述位置检测单元138所发送的信号驱动所述驱动件12，以使所述光学件11移动预设距离。位置检测单元138可以为光耦合装置，例如光面开关。位置检测单元138固定在外壳13的内部，且位于光学件11移动的路径上。当光学件11移动至位置检测单元138处时，位置检测单元138会检测到光学件11，这样可以触发位置检测单元138，使其产生位置信号，并将此位置信号发送至驱动电路。图17和图18所示的实施方式中，位置检测单元138固定在第一限位壁135和第二限位壁136之间的位置上。位置检测单元138为光耦合装置时，只要它的发光口朝向光学件11，光学件11在移动的过程中，会经过位置检测单元138所对应的区域，这样位置检测单元138就是感测到光学件11。本申请可以通过位置检测单元结合限位结构(即第一限位壁135、第二限位壁136与限位滑块(第一连接部1122的配合部1122A)的配合结构)，来实现光学件的精确定位。
一种可能的实施方式中，所述变焦镜组10可拆卸地连接至所述成像镜组20。可拆卸的连接架构能够实现变焦镜组10与成像镜组20解耦，即变焦镜组10可以搭配多种不同的成像镜组来使用。具体的可拆卸的连接方式可以为：卡扣连接、螺纹连接、凹槽和凸柱配合的连接方式，等等，本申请不做具体的限定。
参阅图11、图12和图13，镜头组件100还包括用于固定所述成像镜组20的基座30，所述基座30包括固定筒32和定位柱34，所述固定筒32用于收容所述成像镜组20远离所述变焦镜组10的一端，成像镜组20与基座30螺纹配合，以实现二者之间的固定连接，成像镜组20的镜筒22部分伸入基座30的固定筒32内，二者螺纹配合，通过旋转的方式将成像镜组20安装至基座30，当需要调节成像镜组20于光轴上的位置时， 只需要旋转成像镜组20，或旋转基座30，即可以调节成像镜组20于光轴上的位置，可以实现调焦。
所述定位柱34位于所述固定筒32的外围，所述定位柱34用于连接所述变焦镜组10。
具体而言，参阅图10，变焦镜组10的外壳13之面对所述成像镜组20一侧的表面为设置所述第二开口1311的所述外壳13的像侧表面，所述外壳13的像侧表面突设固定杆139，所述固定杆139位于所述安装口1311的外围，所述固定杆139用于连接至安装所述成像镜组20的基座30。定位柱34可以为中空套筒状结构(如图20和图21所示)，其它实施方式中，定位柱34整体可以为实心柱状结构，定位柱34朝向变焦镜组10的一端设有固定孔，变焦镜组10的固定杆139的一端插入定位柱34的固定孔内。
参阅图20和图21，所述外壳13内沿所述第一方向并排设置相连通的第一空间C1和第二空间C2，所述光学件11在所述第一空间C1内时，如图20所示的光学件11的位置，所述光学件11位于所述第一开口1321和所述第二开口1311之间，即光学件11位于第一开口1321和成像镜组20之间，光学件11的光轴与成像镜组20的光轴一致，二者可以重合，由于组装精度及组装公差的存在，光学件11的光轴与成像镜组20的光轴可能会存在一定的偏差，此偏差在允许范围内，就不会影响成像。所述光学件11在所述第二空间C2内时，如图21所示的光学件11的位置，所述光学件11移出所述光路。
所述固定杆139位于所述第一空间C1和所述第二空间C2之间。或者，所述固定件139位于所述第二空间C2内且邻近所述第一空间C1的位置。固定杆139的位置的设置，能够保证变焦镜组10组装的平衡稳定性。
一种可能的实施方式中，参阅图20和图21，所述基座30内设有红外线滤光片切換器40，所述红外线滤光片切換器40位于所述成像镜组20的像侧，红外线滤光片切換器40位于成像镜组20和图像传感器200之间。具体而言，电路板201固定至基座30远离变焦镜组10的一侧，设于电路板201上的图像传感器200被封闭于电路板201和基座30所构成的包围空间中，可以理解为，基座30设有收纳空间，电路板201连接至基座30的表面的同时，图像传感器200收容在此收纳空间内。
红外线滤光片切換器40包括IR(Infrared-Reflection，红外截止)片和AR(Anti-Reflection，高透光率防反射)片，红外线滤光片切換器能够实现IR片和AR片之间的切换，以使成像组件适应不同的应用场景，能够提升摄像装置的拍摄效果，当环境光照度较强(例如在白天使用摄像装置)的情况下，使用红外线滤光片切換器中IR片的功能，当环境光照度较弱(例如在夜晚使用摄像装置)的情况下，使用红外线滤光片切換器的AR片的功能。具体而言，通过配置在摄像装置内的光敏器件感受环境光的变化，光敏器件传送环境光照度的信号给控制芯片，通过控制芯片传送信号给驱动件，启动驱动件工作，驱动红外线滤光片切換器切换AR片和IR片。
图10至图21所示的实施方式中，摄像装置1000的光轴为直线状，光线进入变焦镜组10后沿着光轴直接进入成像镜组20，然后进入图像传感器200，光线未经过反射。
图22和图23为本申请提供的另一个实施方式，本实施方式中，光轴不再是直线状，而是经过一次反射。具体而言，摄像装置1000包括变焦镜组10、成像镜组20、反射元件50和图像传感器200，图像传感器200位于成像镜组20的像侧，反射元件50设置在 成像镜组20的物侧，反射元件50能够旋转预设角度，预设角度可以理解为根据具体拍摄场景的需求设置角度，通过反射元件50可以调节拍摄物体的位置。反射元件50、成像镜组20和图像传感器200设置在摄像装置1000的外壳60内，外壳60设有入光口601，反射元件50能够反射光线，将从入光口601入射的光线反射至成像镜组20内。
其中，成像镜组20和图像传感器200可以固定安装至外壳60，当然，成像镜组20也可以滑动连接至外壳60，可以理解的是，在外壳60内设滑轨，将成像镜组20安装在此滑轨上，通过驱动件带动成像镜组20在滑轨上滑动，进行调节焦距，滑轨的延伸方向可以与光轴同向，即，通过调节成像镜组20于光轴上的位置，进行变焦。反射元件50可以转动连接至外壳60，通过驱动件带动反射元件50相对外壳60转动，改变反射元件50的角度，这样可以调节反射元件50对光线的反射角度。
变焦镜组10包括光学件11和驱动件12，光学件11滑动连接至外壳60，具体而言，光学件11设置在外壳60的外表面，且滑动连接至外壳60，驱动件12用于驱动光学件11相对外壳60滑动，以使光学件11移动至入光口601的位置处，或者光学件11移动至离开入光口601，当光学件11移动至入光口601的位置处时(如图23所示)，光学件11切入光路，光线经过光学件11后再进入外壳60，且照射至反射元件50上，经过反射元件50反射至成像镜组20内。光学件11移动至离开入光口601时(如图22所示)，光学件11为移出光路的状态，此时，光线从入光口601直接进入外壳60，并由反射元件50反射至成像镜组20。
一种可能的实施方式中，参阅图24，电子设备内设摄像装置1000和控制单元2000，摄像装置1000和控制单元2000电连接，控制单元2000从摄像装置获取图像数据，并处理所获得的图像数据，控制单元2000可以为设置在电子设备中的主板上的芯片。本实施方式中，所述电子设备为用于视频会议的智慧屏，当变焦镜组中的光学件切入光路时，由于变焦镜组具变焦及扩大视场角的功能，变焦镜组和成像镜组结合能够使得摄像装置采集到会议室内的全景，实现全景观看。当光学件移出光路时，通过成像镜组进行拍摄，成像镜组也可以与其它的光学件结合，例如成像镜组与反射镜结合，反射镜可以旋转，这样可以分别定位至与会人员，实现特写的拍摄效果，具体而言，此反射镜可以理解为图22和图23所示的实施方式中的反射元件50。
一种可能的实施方式中，参阅图25，所述电子设备为监控摄像机，其中也包括摄像装置1000和控制单元2000，摄像装置1000和控制单元2000电连接，控制单元2000从摄像装置获取图像数据，并处理所获得的图像数据。当变焦镜组中的光学件切入光路时，由于变焦镜组具变焦及扩大视场角的功能，变焦镜组和成像镜组结合能够使得摄像装置采集到更广阔的监控范围，而不需要多台小角度监控摄像机组合。当光学件移出光路时，通过成像镜组进行拍摄，分辨被摄物体具体细节，如人脸或者车牌等信息等。
一种可能的实施方式中，参阅图26，所述电子设备为移动终端，其中也包括摄像装置1000和控制单元2000，摄像装置1000和控制单元2000电连接，控制单元2000从摄像装置获取图像数据，并处理所获得的图像数据。当变焦镜组中的光学件切入光路时，由于变焦镜组具变焦及扩大视场角的功能，变焦镜组和成像镜组结合能够使得摄像装置采集到更广阔的摄影范围，如在拍建筑、桥梁等需要广角的场景时；当光学件移出光路时，通过成像镜组进行拍摄，如拍摄人像时。
一种可能的实施方式中，电子设备可以为车载摄像装置，车载摄像装置可以对汽车周围的环境进行拍摄，获取图像数据，并通过控制单元对图像进行处理。车载摄像装置安装在车身的适当位置，当汽车驶入特定环境时，需要拍摄大视场角的图像，此时，控制驱动件工作，使得光学件切入光路，车载摄像装置可以获得较大的视场角，拍摄更大范围的影像，可以为用户提供更好的体验。
所述电子设备还包括图像传输单元，图像传输单元可以有电子设备内的有线传输，也可以为无线传输，例如5G传输方式。所述图像传输单元用于将所述图像数据传输至显示单元，显示单元可以为电子设备内的显示屏，也可以为独立于电子设备的其它显示设备。具体而言，电子设备以智慧屏或移动终端为例，显示单元为电子设备的屏幕，电子设备内的摄像装置拍摄到的图像数据通过图像传输单元直接传输至显示单元。电子设备以监控摄像机或车载摄像装置为例，显示单元可以为远端的终端设备，例如监控摄像机可以通信连接至远端的电脑屏幕或者移动终端(手机)，车载摄像装置可以通信连接至车载显示屏或移动终端(例如手机)。
本申请还提供一种变焦方法，应用于摄像装置，所述变焦方法包括如下步骤：
接收视场角调节需求的指令，即当需要大视角和小视角相互转换时，用户发送指令给摄像装置；
启动驱动件，根据视场角调节需求的指令，所述驱动件带动所述光学件沿着第一方向移动，以使所述光学件切入或移出光路，以实现调节视场角，所述第一方向与所述光轴呈夹角设置。
当所述视场角调节需求的指令为扩大视场角时，所述驱动件带动所述光学件切入所述光路。当所述视场角调节需求的指令为缩小视场角时，所述驱动件带动所述光学件移出所述光路。
本申请提供的变焦方法还包括光学件位置检测步骤，具体为：通过所述位置检测单元检测所述光学件的位置，所述光学件在移动的过程中，当所述光学件触发所述位置检测单元时，所述位置检测单元发送信号给驱动电路，所述驱动电电路根据所述位置检测单元所发送的信号驱动所述驱动件，以使所述光学件移动预设距离。
以上对本申请实施例所提供的变焦镜组、镜头组件、摄像装置、电子设备及变焦方法进行了详细介绍，本文中应用了具体个例对本申请的原理及实施例进行了阐述，以上实施例的说明只是用于帮助理解本申请的方法及其核心思想；同时，对于本领域的一般技术人员，依据本申请的思想，在具体实施例及应用范围上均会有改变之处，综上所述，本说明书内容不应理解为对本申请的限制。

Claims (33)

  1. 一种变焦镜组，其特征在于，应用于摄像装置内，且沿着光轴方向位于所述摄像装置的成像镜组的物侧，所述变焦镜组包括光学件和驱动件，所述驱动件用于带动所述光学件沿着第一方向移动，以使所述光学件切入或移出光路，以实现变焦，所述第一方向与所述光轴呈夹角设置，所述光学件切入所述光路时，所述光学件用于扩大视场角。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的变焦镜组，其特征在于，所述光学件的光焦度为负。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的变焦镜组，其特征在于，所述第一方向垂直于所述光轴。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的变焦镜组，其特征在于，所述变焦镜组还包括外壳，所述光学件收容于所述外壳内部，所述外壳用于与所述成像镜组连接。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的变焦镜组，其特征在于，所述外壳设有相对设置的第一开口和第二开口，当所述光学件移动至所述第一开口和所述第二开口之间时，所述光学件切入所述光路，且所述光学件位于所述第一开口和所述成像组件之间。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的变焦镜组，其特征在于所述第二开口用于供部分所述成像镜组经过并伸入所述外壳。
  7. 根据权利要求4所述的变焦镜组，其特征在于，所述驱动件位于所述外壳的外部，所述光学件部分伸出所述外壳与所述驱动件连接，或者所述驱动件部分伸入所述外壳与所述光学件连接。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的变焦镜组，其特征在于，所述驱动件包括安装架、丝杆、电机和配合件，所述丝杆和所述电机安装至所述安装架，所述电机带动所述丝杆转动，所述配合件与所述丝杆螺纹配合，所述配合件固定连接至所述光学件，所述丝杆转动连接至所述安装架且沿所述第一方向延伸，所述安装架连接至所述外壳的外表面。
  9. 根据权利要求4所述的变焦镜组，其特征在于，所述驱动件包括电机、丝杆和配合件，所述电机带动所述丝杆转动，所述配合件与所述丝杆螺纹配合，所述配合件固定连接至所述光学件，所述丝杆转动连接至所述外壳且沿所述第一方向延伸。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的变焦镜组，其特征在于，所述电机位于所述外壳的外部，所述丝杆的一端伸出所述外壳并与所述电机的连接。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的变焦镜组，其特征在于，所述变焦镜组还包括缓冲件，设于所述外壳的外部，且与所述电机连接，所述缓冲件用于吸收所述电机工作过程中的振动。
  12. 根据权利要11所述的变焦镜组，其特征在于，所述变焦镜组还包括散热结构，所述缓冲件与所述散热结构结合围设在所述电机外围。
  13. 根据权利要求9所述的变焦镜组，其特征在于，所述光学件包括镜筒和组装在所述镜筒内的镜片组，所述镜筒设有凹槽，所述配合件包括主体和位于所述主体边缘位置的连接部，所述主体与所述丝配螺纹配合，所述连接部与所述凹槽配合。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的变焦镜组，其特征在于，所述连接部与所述凹槽之间的间隙内设胶水，所述胶水固定连接所述连接部和所述镜筒。
  15. 根据权利要求13所述的变焦镜组，其特征在于，所述连接部在所述凹槽内与所述镜筒之间通过弹性连接结构连接。
  16. 根据权利要求9所述的变焦镜组，其特征在于，所述外壳内设导杆，所述光学 件滑动连接至所述导杆，所述导杆的延伸方向为所述第一方向。
  17. 根据权利要求16所述的变焦镜组，其特征在于，通过所述光学件与所述外壳的限位配合，将所述光学件限位于切入所述光路的状态和/或移出所述光路的状态。
  18. 根据权利要求17所述的变焦镜组，其特征在于，所述外壳内包括相对设置的第一限位壁和第二限位壁，所述导杆的两端分别固定至所述第一限位壁和所述第二限位壁，所述变焦镜组还包括限位滑块，所述限位滑块滑动连接至所述导杆，所述限位滑块固定连接至所述镜筒，所述限位滑块与所述第一限位壁和所述第二限位壁限位配合，所述限位滑块与所述第一限位壁顶靠时，所述光学件切入所述光路，所述限位滑块与所述第二限位壁顶靠时，所述光学件移出所述光路。
  19. 根据权利要求1至18任一项所述的变焦镜组，其特征在于，还包括位置检测单元，所述位置检测单元电连接至驱动电路，所述驱动件带动所述光学件沿着第一方向移动的过程中触发所述位置检测单元，所述位置检测单元发送信号至所述驱动电路，所述驱动电路用于根据所述位置检测单元所发送的信号驱动所述驱动件，以使所述光学件移动预设距离。
  20. 一种镜头组件，其特征在于，包括成像镜组和如权利要求1-19任一项所述的变焦镜组，所述变焦镜组位于所述成像镜组的物侧。
  21. 根据权利要求20所述的镜头组件，其特征在于，所述成像镜组为定焦镜组或变焦镜组或调焦镜组。
  22. 根据权利要求20所述的镜头组件，其特征在于，所述变焦镜组可拆卸地连接至所述成像镜组。
  23. 根据权利要求20所述的镜头组件，其特征在于，还包括用于固定所述成像镜组的基座，所述基座包括固定筒和定位柱，所述固定筒用于收容所述成像镜组远离所述变焦镜组的一端，所述定位柱位于所述固定筒的外围，所述定位柱用于连接所述变焦镜组。
  24. 根据权利要求23所述的镜头组件，其特征在于，所述基座内设有红外线滤光片切換器，所述红外线滤光片切換器位于所述成像镜组的像侧。
  25. 根据权利要求20所述的镜头组件，其特征在于，所述变焦镜组和所述成像镜组之间的光路上设有反射元件，所述反射元件能够旋转预设角度。
  26. 一种摄像装置，其特征在于，包括图像传感器和如权利要求20-25任一项所述的镜头组件，所述图像传感器位于所述成像镜组的像侧。
  27. 一种电子设备，其特征在于，包括控制单元和如权利要求26所述的摄像装置，所述控制单元与所述图像传感器电连接，用于从所述摄像装置获取图像数据，并处理所述图像数据。
  28. 根据权利要求27所述的电子设备，其特征在于，所述电子设备为用于视频会议的智慧屏，或移动终端，或监控摄像机，或车载摄像装置。
  29. 根据权利要求27所述的电子设备，其特征在于，所述电子设备还包括图像传输单元，所述图像传输单元用于将所述图像数据传输至显示单元。
  30. 一种变焦方法，其特征在于，应用于摄像装置，所述摄像装置包括沿着光轴方向依次布置的变焦镜组、成像镜组和图像传感器，所述变焦镜组包括光学件和驱动件； 所述变焦方法包括：
    接收视场角调节需求的指令；
    根据所述指令启动所述驱动件，以使所述驱动件带动所述光学件沿着第一方向移动，使得所述光学件切入或移出光路，以实现视场角的调节，所述第一方向与所述光轴呈夹角设置。
  31. 根据权利要求30所述的变焦方法，其特征在于，当所述视场角调节需求的指令为扩大视场角时，所述驱动件带动所述光学件切入所述光路。
  32. 根据权利要求30所述的变焦方法，其特征在于，当所述视场角调节需求的指令为缩小视场角时，所述驱动件带动所述光学件移出所述光路。
  33. 根据权利要求30-32任一项所述的变焦方法，其特征在于，所述摄像装置内设位置检测单元，通过所述位置检测单元检测所述光学件的位置，所述光学件在移动的过程中，当所述光学件触发所述位置检测单元时，所述位置检测单元发送信号给驱动电路，所述驱动电电路根据所述位置检测单元所发送的信号驱动所述驱动件，以使所述光学件移动预设距离。
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