WO2021192655A1 - 作業機械 - Google Patents
作業機械 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2021192655A1 WO2021192655A1 PCT/JP2021/004451 JP2021004451W WO2021192655A1 WO 2021192655 A1 WO2021192655 A1 WO 2021192655A1 JP 2021004451 W JP2021004451 W JP 2021004451W WO 2021192655 A1 WO2021192655 A1 WO 2021192655A1
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- information
- vehicle body
- work machine
- detection device
- obstacle
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- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 133
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 16
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000012217 deletion Methods 0.000 description 26
- 230000037430 deletion Effects 0.000 description 26
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009429 electrical wiring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000012447 hatching Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010720 hydraulic oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000003371 toe Anatomy 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
- G05D1/00—Control of position, course, altitude or attitude of land, water, air or space vehicles, e.g. using automatic pilots
- G05D1/02—Control of position or course in two dimensions
- G05D1/021—Control of position or course in two dimensions specially adapted to land vehicles
- G05D1/0231—Control of position or course in two dimensions specially adapted to land vehicles using optical position detecting means
- G05D1/0246—Control of position or course in two dimensions specially adapted to land vehicles using optical position detecting means using a video camera in combination with image processing means
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
- E02F9/26—Indicating devices
- E02F9/261—Surveying the work-site to be treated
- E02F9/262—Surveying the work-site to be treated with follow-up actions to control the work tool, e.g. controller
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
- E02F9/24—Safety devices, e.g. for preventing overload
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
- E02F9/08—Superstructures; Supports for superstructures
- E02F9/10—Supports for movable superstructures mounted on travelling or walking gears or on other superstructures
- E02F9/12—Slewing or traversing gears
- E02F9/121—Turntables, i.e. structure rotatable about 360°
- E02F9/123—Drives or control devices specially adapted therefor
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
- E02F9/20—Drives; Control devices
- E02F9/22—Hydraulic or pneumatic drives
- E02F9/2203—Arrangements for controlling the attitude of actuators, e.g. speed, floating function
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
- E02F9/26—Indicating devices
- E02F9/261—Surveying the work-site to be treated
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
- G05D1/00—Control of position, course, altitude or attitude of land, water, air or space vehicles, e.g. using automatic pilots
- G05D1/02—Control of position or course in two dimensions
- G05D1/021—Control of position or course in two dimensions specially adapted to land vehicles
- G05D1/0231—Control of position or course in two dimensions specially adapted to land vehicles using optical position detecting means
- G05D1/0234—Control of position or course in two dimensions specially adapted to land vehicles using optical position detecting means using optical markers or beacons
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
- B60Y2200/00—Type of vehicle
- B60Y2200/40—Special vehicles
- B60Y2200/41—Construction vehicles, e.g. graders, excavators
- B60Y2200/412—Excavators
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a work machine.
- Patent Document 1 describes an obstacle detection unit that detects obstacles, a map creation unit that records information on obstacles detected by the obstacle detection unit on an environmental map, and an obstacle recorded by the map creation unit.
- An autonomous movement device including an obstacle erasing unit that erases information from the environment map according to the passage of time and a route determination unit that sets a movement route based on the information recorded on the environment map is disclosed.
- the obstacle information is deleted from the environmental map according to the time and the number of times the obstacle is detected, and the deletion speed is adjusted. doing.
- the cause of the obstacle being out of the detection range is not always fully considered, and if the obstacle goes out of the detection range due to entering the blind spot of the in-vehicle obstacle detection unit, autonomous movement is performed. There is concern about contact between the device and obstacles.
- the plan of the avoidance route considering the obstacle outside the detection range will be excessive for the movement route of the autonomous mobile device. ..
- the present invention has been made in view of the above, and an object of the present invention is to provide a working machine capable of appropriately processing information on an object outside the detection range according to the cause.
- the present application includes a plurality of means for solving the above problems, and to give an example thereof, a vehicle body having a moving device, a working device provided on the vehicle body, and a plurality of operating the moving device and the working device.
- the object detection device Based on the information of the actuator, the object detection device that detects the object around the vehicle body, and the object detected by the object detection device, an environment map including the information about the object existing around the vehicle body is created.
- the control device is based on the detection result of the object detected by the object detection device.
- the type of the object is determined, the moving direction of the object is predicted, and the object detected by the object detecting device is out of the detection range of the object detecting device based on the type and the moving direction of the object.
- Information about the object determined to have moved shall be deleted from the environment map.
- information on an object outside the detection range can be appropriately processed according to the cause.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view schematically showing the appearance of a hydraulic excavator which is an example of a work machine according to the present embodiment
- FIG. 2 is a side view
- FIG. 3 is a functional block diagram schematically showing a part of the processing functions of the control device mounted on the hydraulic excavator.
- the hydraulic excavator 100 is configured by connecting a plurality of driven members (boom 8, arm 9, bucket (working tool) 10) that rotate in the vertical direction, respectively.
- An articulated front work machine 24, an upper swivel body 22 and a lower traveling body 20 constituting a vehicle body are provided, and the upper swivel body 22 is provided so as to be able to swivel with respect to the lower traveling body 20 via a swivel mechanism 21. ing.
- the swivel mechanism 21 has a swivel motor 23 and a vehicle body swivel angle detection device 27, the upper swivel body 22 is swiveled with respect to the lower traveling body 20 by the swivel motor 23, and the lower part is swiveled by the vehicle body swivel angle detection device 27. The turning angle with respect to the traveling body 20 is detected.
- the base end of the boom 8 of the front working machine 24 is vertically rotatably supported by the front portion of the upper swing body 22, and one end of the arm 9 is at an end (tip) different from the base end of the boom 8. It is rotatably supported in the vertical direction, and the bucket 10 is rotatably supported in the vertical direction at the other end of the arm 9.
- the boom 8, arm 9, bucket 10, upper swivel body 22, and lower traveling body 20 are the boom cylinder 5, arm cylinder 6, bucket cylinder 7, swivel motor 23, and left and right traveling motors 3 (however, the left and right traveling motors 3), which are hydraulic actuators. Only one traveling motor is shown).
- the z-axis whose origin is the intersection of the turning center axis 25 of the upper turning body 22 and the lower surface of the upper turning body 22 and whose upper side is positive along the turning center axis 25 is perpendicular to the z-axis from the origin.
- a vehicle body coordinate system is set having an x-axis having a positive front in the front-rear direction and a y-axis having a positive right direction in the left-right direction perpendicular to the z-axis and the x-axis from the origin.
- the cab 2 on which the operator is boarding is mounted on the front left side of the upper swivel body 22. Further, a control device 44 for controlling the overall operation of the hydraulic excavator 100 is arranged on the upper swing body 22.
- the cab 2 is provided with operation levers (operation devices) 2a and 2b that output operation signals for operating the hydraulic actuators 5 to 7, 23.
- the operating levers 2a and 2b can be tilted back and forth and left and right, respectively, and include a detection device (not shown) that electrically detects the tilting amount of the lever, which is an operation signal, that is, the lever operating amount.
- the lever operation amount is output to the control device 44 (described later) via electrical wiring. That is, the operations of the hydraulic actuators 5 to 7 and 23 are assigned to the operation levers 2a and 2b in the front-rear direction or the left-right direction, respectively.
- the operation control of the boom cylinder 5, arm cylinder 6, bucket cylinder 7, swivel motor 23, and left and right traveling motors 3 is performed by hydraulic actuators 3, 5 to each from a hydraulic pump device driven by a prime mover such as an engine or an electric motor (not shown). This is done by controlling the direction and flow rate of the hydraulic oil supplied to 7 and 23 with a control valve or the like.
- the operation of the control valve is controlled by the control device 44 based on the operation signals from the operation levers 2a and 2b, whereby the operation of each of the hydraulic actuators 5 to 7, 23 is controlled.
- Posture sensors 34A, 34B, and 34C are attached to the base of the boom 8, the connection between the boom 8 and the arm 9, and the connection between the arm 9 and the bucket 10, respectively.
- the attitude sensors 34A, 34B, 34C are mechanical angle sensors such as potentiometers, for example.
- the posture sensor 34A measures the angle ⁇ 1 formed by the longitudinal direction of the boom 8 (a straight line connecting the rotation centers at both ends) and the xy plane and transmits the angle ⁇ 1 to the control device 44.
- the attitude sensor 34B measures the angle ⁇ 2 formed by the longitudinal direction of the boom 8 (straight line connecting the rotation centers at both ends) and the longitudinal direction of the arm 9 (straight line connecting the rotation centers at both ends), and the control device 44.
- the attitude sensor 34C measures the angle ⁇ 3 formed by the longitudinal direction of the arm 9 (the straight line connecting the rotation centers at both ends) and the longitudinal direction of the bucket 10 (the straight line connecting the rotation centers and the toes), and the control device 44.
- the vehicle body turning angle detecting device 27 and the posture sensors 34A to 34C constitute a posture information detecting device 35 that detects the posture information of the upper turning body 22 and the front working machine 24.
- the swing center 38 of the front work machine 24 (the connection portion of the boom 8 with the upper swing body 22) is arranged at a position different from that of the swing center shaft 25 is illustrated.
- the rotation center axis 25 and the swing center 38 may be arranged so as to intersect with each other.
- the inertial measurement unit IMU: Inertial
- stroke sensors are arranged in the boom cylinder 5, the arm cylinder 6, and the bucket cylinder 7, respectively, and the relative orientations of the upper swing body 22, the boom 8, the arm 9, and the bucket 10 are relative to each other based on the stroke change amount.
- the posture information may be calculated, and each angle may be obtained from the result.
- a plurality of (for example, four) in-vehicle obstacle detection devices 26 for detecting objects around the vehicle body (upper turning body 22, lower traveling body 20) are arranged on the upper turning body 22.
- the installation position and number of the in-vehicle obstacle detection device 26 are not particularly limited to the example of the present embodiment, and it is sufficient that the field of view in all directions of the vehicle body (that is, 360 degrees around the hydraulic excavator 100) can be secured.
- four in-vehicle obstacle detection devices 26 are installed in the upper part of the cab 2, the left side, the right side front part, and the right side rear part of the upper swing body 22, respectively, and are 360 degrees around the vehicle body. The case where the field of view is covered will be described as an example.
- the in-vehicle obstacle detection device 26 is, for example, a sensor using LiDAR (Laser Imaging Detection and Ringing) technology, detects an object around the hydraulic excavator 100, and controls the coordinate data thereof. It is transmitted to the device 44.
- LiDAR Laser Imaging Detection and Ringing
- the front working machine length R shown in FIG. 2 is the distance R from the turning center shaft 25 to the tip of the front working machine 24.
- the lengths of the boom 8, the arm 9, and the bucket 10 are L1, L2, and L3, respectively.
- the angle ⁇ 1 formed by the xy plane and the longitudinal direction of the boom 8 is measured by the posture sensor 34A.
- the angle ⁇ 2 formed by the boom 8 and the arm 9 and the angle ⁇ 3 formed by the arm 9 and the bucket 10 are measured by the posture sensors 34B and 34C, respectively.
- the height Z0 from the xy plane to the swing center 38 is obtained in advance. Further, the distance L0 from the turning center axis 25 to the swing center 38 is also obtained in advance.
- the angle ⁇ 2a formed by the xy plane and the longitudinal direction of the arm 9 can be calculated.
- the angle ⁇ 3b formed by the xy plane and the longitudinal direction of the bucket 10 can be calculated. That is, the front work captain R can be calculated by the following (Equation 1).
- R L0 + L1cos ⁇ 1 + L2cos ⁇ 2 + L3cos ⁇ 3 ... (Equation 1)
- the control device 44 includes a map creation unit 51, a map recording unit 52, a route determination unit 53, a type determination unit 54, a movement direction determination unit 55, a detection information recording unit 56, an operation direction calculation unit 57, and an obstacle.
- the object deletion unit 58 is provided. I have.
- the map creation unit 51 creates an environmental map including information on objects existing around the vehicle body based on the position information of the object (obstacle) detected by the in-vehicle obstacle detection device 26, and maps the created environmental map. It is transmitted to the recording unit 52.
- the obstacle in the present embodiment is an object existing around the vehicle body and excluding the ground. For example, a moving object such as another work machine or a worker, a building, or a constant object. It is an object such as a rock of the above size, or a fixed object such as a sign.
- the type determination unit 54 determines the type of obstacle detected by the in-vehicle obstacle detection device 26, and transmits the determination result to the obstacle deletion unit 58.
- a pattern matching technique such as image recognition is used for the image obtained by the in-vehicle obstacle detection device 26, and the image is compared with the image of the object for which the type has been selected in advance. By doing so, the type of the most similar object is determined as the type of the obstacle detected by the in-vehicle obstacle detection device 26.
- the movement direction determination unit 55 determines the movement direction from the movement direction and the movement speed at which the object (obstacle) is expected to move based on the position information and the detection direction of the object detected by the in-vehicle obstacle detection device 26. It is determined whether or not it is a blind spot (described later), and the determination result is transmitted to the obstacle deletion unit 58.
- the distance traveled and the moving speed are determined from the difference between the position of the object detected at time (t-1) and the position of the same object detected at time (t). , And the direction (movement direction) are calculated.
- the detection information recording unit 56 records the position of the obstacle detected by the in-vehicle obstacle detection device 26, the detection time, the detection direction, and the position of the in-vehicle obstacle detection device 26 that has detected the obstacle, and records the information in the obstacle. It is transmitted to the object deletion unit 58.
- the operation direction calculation unit 57 is based on the information of the front work machine length R and the turning angle calculated by the posture information detection device 35, and the front work machine 24 (bucket (work tool) 10)) and the vehicle body (upper turning body 22, lower part).
- the operation direction of the traveling body 20) is calculated, and the calculation result is transmitted to the obstacle deletion unit 58.
- the operation direction of the front work machine 24 or the vehicle body is calculated from the difference between the information one step before in the unit processing time in the control device 44 and the current information.
- the map recording unit 52 records the environmental map created by the map creation unit 51.
- the obstacle information received from the obstacle deletion unit 58 is deleted from the environment map.
- the obstacle deletion unit 58 determines the information of the obstacle to be deleted from the environment map based on the information obtained from the type determination unit 54, the movement direction determination unit 55, the detection information recording unit 56, and the operation direction calculation unit 57. , Sends a request to delete the information of the obstacle to the map recording unit 52.
- the route determination unit 53 refers to the environment map recorded in the map recording unit 52, corrects the route input by the operator by operating the operation lever 2, or calculates the movement route to the target position, and causes the actuator 33 to calculate the movement route. In response, an operation command is output.
- the control device 44 calculates the operating directions of the vehicle body and the front work equipment 24 based on the posture information detected by the posture information detection device 35, and the in-vehicle obstacle detection device. Based on the detection result of the object detected in 26, the type of the object is determined, the moving direction of the object is predicted, and the operating direction of the vehicle body and the front working machine 24 and the type and moving direction of the object are used.
- the object information deletion process is performed to immediately delete the information about the object detected by the vehicle-mounted obstacle detection device 26 and moved out of the detection range of the vehicle-mounted obstacle detection device 26 from the environment map.
- FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing the processing content of the object information deletion process in the control device. The processing described below is performed for each obstacle.
- control device 44 determines whether or not an obstacle is detected by the in-vehicle obstacle detection device 26 (step S110), and when the determination result is NO, that is, when no obstacle is detected. Ends the process.
- step S110 determines whether an obstacle is detected by the in-vehicle obstacle detection device 26 is YES. If the determination result in step S110 is YES, that is, if an obstacle is detected by the in-vehicle obstacle detection device 26, the map creation unit 51 creates an environmental map (step S120). The environmental map is recorded by the map recording unit 52 (step S130). In the environmental map recorded in the map recording unit 52, information on obstacles included in the environmental map newly created by the map creation unit 51 is accumulated and recorded.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an example of an environmental map. Further, FIG. 6 is a top view schematically showing the state of the surroundings of the vehicle body corresponding to the environmental map shown in FIG.
- the environmental map is created based on the coordinates, shape, and reliability of the information of the obstacle 37 obtained by the in-vehicle obstacle detection device 26. Further, as shown in FIG. 6, information on obstacles 37 detected in the detection ranges 26A to 26D of the vehicle-mounted obstacle detection device 26 is recorded on the environmental map.
- the outside of the detection ranges 26A to 26D of the vehicle-mounted obstacle detection device 26, that is, the undetectable range is referred to as a blind spot.
- the environmental map records, for example, the existence probability of the obstacle 37 at the position corresponding to each grid point when a grid of 10 cm ⁇ 10 cm is set around the vehicle body as the value of each grid point.
- the environmental map may be used, for example, in a contact prevention function for preventing contact with an obstacle or a movement route planning function for calculating a movement route to a target position while avoiding an obstacle. That is, for example, the route determination unit 53 estimates the position where the obstacle is likely to exist based on the existence probability of the obstacle on the environmental map, and sets the bucket 10 to the most obstacle between the current position and the target position. A path having a low probability of existence is determined, and an instruction signal is output to the actuators 23, 5, 6, and 7 so that the bucket 10 moves along the path.
- the environmental map can also be used for displaying to the operator during manual and semi-automatic operation, and for processing to reduce collisions based on the existence probability of the obstacle 37. In FIG.
- the existence probability of the obstacle 37 on the environmental map is expressed by one type of hatching.
- the existence probability may be expressed by a color scheme such that the lighter the color, the lower the existence probability.
- step S140 when the process of step S130 is completed, it is subsequently determined whether or not the obstacle 37 is within the movable range (step S140), and when the determination result is NO, that is, the obstacle 37 is movable. If it is detected outside the range, a deletion instruction is transmitted to the map recording unit 52 so as to immediately delete the information (existence probability) related to the obstacle 37 from the environment map (step S141), and the process ends.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a movable range of a hydraulic excavator, which is a work machine.
- the movable range 22A related to the front work machine 24 of the hydraulic excavator 100 can be reached by the front work machine 24 when the upper swivel body 22 turns 360 degrees when the front work machine length R takes the longest posture.
- the movable range 20A related to the lower traveling body 20 is a range that the vehicle body can reach in, for example, T seconds when the hydraulic excavator 100 is traveling.
- the movable range in which the movable ranges 20A and 24A are integrated is defined as the movable range 100A related to the hydraulic excavator 100.
- step S150 it is determined whether or not the obstacle has moved to the blind spot due to the vehicle body movement (step S150). If the determination result in step S150 is NO, the information (existence probability) related to the obstacle 37 is held in the environment map (step S161), and the process ends.
- step S150 determines whether or not the obstacle is a moving object (step S160). If the determination result in step S160 is NO, the information (existence probability) related to the obstacle 37 is held in the environment map (step S161), and the process ends.
- step S160 it is determined whether or not an obstacle (moving object) is moving (step S170). If the determination result in step S170 is YES, the existence probability of the obstacle is held for n / a seconds (step S151), and then the existence probability is deleted over a time of m / b seconds (that is, 0 (zero)). ) (Step S152), and the process ends. If the determination result in step S170 is NO, the process proceeds to step S151.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating a method of generating an environmental map when the vehicle body turns and determining deletion of obstacle information.
- the vehicle body turns and obstacles within the movable range 24A are in-vehicle obstacle detection devices.
- the existence probability is maintained regardless of the type of obstacle.
- the existence probability is immediately deleted regardless of the type of obstacle.
- the vehicle body stops at the destination for a certain period of time, for example, n seconds, and the turning operation is not performed, it is determined whether to delete the existence probability according to the type of obstacle.
- an obstacle is divided into a moving obstacle (moving object 40A) and a fixed obstacle (fixed object 39).
- the moving object 40A mainly represents a worker or another machine, and the fixed object 39 represents a pillar, a wall, a cone, or the like.
- n seconds is set to be equal to or longer than the time required for the average operator to operate the hydraulic excavator 100 to perform excavation and loading operations.
- the moving object 40A after n seconds has passed is discriminated, the existence probability is gradually reduced, and the moving object is completely deleted after m seconds.
- the m second is determined according to the original existence probability of the moving object 40A and the distance from the vehicle body.
- the moving object 40A existing at a position away from the vehicle body, such as outside the movable range 24A of the hydraulic excavator 100 has a low risk of contact with the vehicle body, so that the deletion speed is increased.
- the moving object 40A existing in the vicinity of the vehicle body, such as within the movable range 24A of the hydraulic excavator 100 has a high risk of contact with the vehicle body, and therefore the speed of deletion is slowed down.
- the deletion speed is slowed down because there is a possibility that the moving object 40A exists in the vicinity of the detection position after n seconds.
- the deletion determination is performed with priority given to highly reliable information. Further, when the reliability of the obstacle 37 information is low and it is difficult to determine the type of the obstacle 37, it is treated as a moving object 40A.
- 9 and 10 are diagrams for explaining a method of determining deletion of obstacle information when a moving object moves to a blind spot while the vehicle body is stopped.
- the obstacle deletion unit 58 calculates the deletion speed of the existence probability from the movement direction and the vehicle body operation direction of the moving object 40A obtained from the movement direction determination unit 55 and the operation direction calculation unit 57. For example, if the moving object 40A moves in the direction outside the movable range 24A and moves to the blind spot by the turning motion of the vehicle body before moving out of the detection range, it is determined that the moving object 40A is about to leave the vehicle body. Then, the existence probability is held for n / a seconds and deleted in m / b seconds.
- the variables a and b are adjustment values of 1 or more, and change according to the positions of the vehicle body and the last detected moving object 40A, and the value increases as the distance from the vehicle body increases. Further, for example, when the moving object 40A moves in the blind spot direction and moves to the blind spot by the turning motion of the vehicle body before moving out of the detection range, the existence probability is maintained for n seconds and m seconds as before. Delete later.
- the obstacle information is deleted from the environmental map according to the time and number of times the obstacle is detected, and the deletion speed is adjusted. ing.
- the cause of the obstacle being out of the detection range is not always fully considered, and if the obstacle goes out of the detection range due to entering the blind spot of the in-vehicle obstacle detection unit, the vehicle body and the vehicle body There is concern about contact with obstacles.
- the plan of the avoidance route in consideration of the obstacle outside the detection range may be excessive for the movement route of the vehicle body.
- the operating directions of the vehicle body and the working device are calculated based on the attitude information detected by the attitude information detection device 35, and the object detected by the in-vehicle obstacle detection device 26 is detected.
- the type of the object is determined, the moving direction of the object is predicted, and the object detected by the object detecting device is based on the operating direction of the vehicle body and the working device and the type and moving direction of the object. Since it is configured to immediately delete the information about the object that has moved out of the detection range of the object detection device from the environment map, the information of the object that is out of the detection range can be processed appropriately according to the cause. It is possible to improve work efficiency while suppressing deterioration of safety.
- the case where an object (obstacle) is detected by using the in-vehicle obstacle detection device 26 is shown, but in the present embodiment, another obstacle detection device (environmental obstacle detection device 41) is used. ) Also indicates the case of detecting an object (obstacle).
- FIG. 11 is a functional block diagram schematically showing a part of the processing functions of the control device mounted on the hydraulic excavator according to the present embodiment.
- FIG. 12 is a top view schematically showing a detection range of the environmental obstacle detection device.
- the same members as those in the first embodiment are designated by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof will be omitted.
- the environmental obstacle detection device 41 is mainly installed for the purpose of reducing the blind spot in the movable range 24A of the hydraulic excavator 100.
- the installation position and number of the environmental obstacle detection device 41 are not particularly limited to the example of the present embodiment.
- the environmental obstacle detection device 41 is, for example, a sensor or a camera using a self-supporting LiDAR (Laser Imaging Detection and Ringing) technology equipped with a tripod or the like, and is around the hydraulic excavator 100. A certain object is detected, and the coordinate data thereof is transmitted to the control device 44.
- LiDAR Laser Imaging Detection and Ringing
- the environmental obstacle detection device 41 transmits the position, detection time, and detection direction of the detected obstacle 37 (moving object 40A) to the control device 44.
- the type determination unit 54, the movement direction determination unit 55, and the detection information recording unit 56 have higher reliability of the obstacle 37 (moving object 40A) detected by the in-vehicle obstacle detection device 26 and the environmental obstacle detection device 41, respectively. Give priority to information, determine and record.
- the environmental obstacle detection device 41 Since the environmental obstacle detection device 41 is not affected by the operation of the hydraulic excavator 100, it is possible to constantly monitor the obstacle 37 (moving object 40A) within the detection range 41A to 41F. Therefore, the position of the obstacle 37 (moving object 40A) can be detected in a wider range. For example, the in-vehicle obstacle detection device 26 and the environmental obstacle detection device 41 detect the entire movable range 24A of the hydraulic excavator 100. When possible, the obstacle deletion unit 58 immediately deletes all obstacles 37 (moving objects 40A) outside the movable range 24A.
- This embodiment shows a case where a wheel type work machine such as a wheel loader is used as the work machine.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram showing a movable range of a wheel loader which is a work machine.
- the movable range 200A of the wheel loader 200 is a range that can be moved in the front-rear direction in T seconds with the steering wheel turned to the left and right to the limit.
- the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and includes various modifications and combinations within a range that does not deviate from the gist thereof. Further, the present invention is not limited to the one including all the configurations described in the above-described embodiment, and includes the one in which a part of the configurations is deleted. Further, each of the above configurations, functions and the like may be realized by designing a part or all of them by, for example, an integrated circuit. Further, each of the above configurations, functions, and the like may be realized by software by the processor interpreting and executing a program that realizes each function.
- Swing center 39 ... Fixed object, 40A ... Moving object, 41 ... Environmental obstacle detection device, 41A to 41F ... Detection range, 44 ... control device, 51 ... map creation unit, 52 ... map recording unit, 53 ... route determination unit, 54 ... type determination unit, 55 ... movement direction determination unit, 56 ... detection information recording unit, 57 ... operation direction Calculation unit, 58 ... Obstacle removal unit, 100 ... Hydraulic excavator, 100A ... Movable range, 200 ... Wheel loader, 200A ... Movable range
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Abstract
Description
本発明の第1の実施の形態を図1~図10を参照しつつ説明する。
R=L0+L1cosβ1+L2cosβ2+L3cosβ3 ・・・(式1)
えている。
本発明の第2の実施の形態を図11及び図12を参照しつつ説明する。
本発明の第3の実施の形態を図13を参照しつつ説明する。
なお、本発明は上記の実施の形態に限定されるものではなく、その要旨を逸脱しない範囲内の様々な変形例や組み合わせが含まれる。また、本発明は、上記の実施の形態で説明した全ての構成を備えるものに限定されず、その構成の一部を削除したものも含まれる。また、上記の各構成、機能等は、それらの一部又は全部を、例えば集積回路で設計する等により実現してもよい。また、上記の各構成、機能等は、プロセッサがそれぞれの機能を実現するプログラムを解釈し、実行することによりソフトウェアで実現してもよい。
Claims (10)
- 移動装置を有する車体と、
前記車体に設けられた作業装置と、
前記移動装置および前記作業装置を動作させる複数のアクチュエータと、
前記車体の周囲の物体を検出する物体検出装置と、
前記物体検出装置で検出された物体の情報に基づいて、前記車体の周囲に存在する物体に関する情報を含む環境地図を作成し、作成した前記環境地図に基づいて、前記複数のアクチュエータを動作させる制御装置とを備えた作業機械において、
前記制御装置は、
前記物体検出装置で検出された前記物体の検出結果に基づいて、前記物体の種別を判定するとともに、前記物体の移動方向を予測し、
前記物体の種別および移動方向に基づいて、前記物体検出装置により検出された物体であって前記物体検出装置の検出範囲外に移動したと判定された前記物体に関する情報を前記環境地図から削除することを特徴とする作業機械。 - 請求項1記載の作業機械において、
前記車体および前記作業装置の姿勢に関する情報である姿勢情報を検出する姿勢情報検出装置を備え、
前記制御装置は、
前記姿勢情報検出装置で検出された前記姿勢情報に基づいて、前記車体および前記作業装置の動作方向を演算し、
前記車体および前記作業装置の動作方向に基づいて、前記物体に関する情報を削除することを特徴とする作業機械。 - 請求項2記載の作業機械において、
前記制御装置は、
前記姿勢情報検出装置で検出された前記姿勢情報に基づいて前記車体および前記作業装置の可動範囲を演算し、
前記環境地図に含まれる前記物体に関する情報のうち、前記車体および前記作業装置の可動範囲外の物体に関する情報を削除することを特徴とする作業機械。 - 請求項3記載の作業機械において、
前記物体検出装置の検出範囲外に移動したと判定された前記物体と、
前記車体および前記作業装置の可動範囲外に存在する前記物体とに関する情報を
前記環境地図から削除することを特徴とする作業機械。 - 請求項4記載の作業機械において、
前記制御装置は、前記物体検出装置により前記車体および前記作業装置の可動範囲内で検出され、種別が固定物体であると判別された物体であって、前記車体および前記作業装置の動作によって前記物体検出装置の検出範囲外に移動したと判定された前記物体に関する情報を前記環境地図に維持することを特徴とする作業機械。 - 請求項4記載の作業機械において、
前記環境地図に含まれる前記物体に関する情報は、前記物体検出装置による検出の信頼性に応じて定められる前記物体の検出位置における存在確率を含んでおり、
前記制御装置は、前記物体検出装置により前記車体および前記作業装置の可動範囲内で検出され、種別が移動物体であると判別された物体であって、前記車体および前記作業装置の動作によって前記物体検出装置の検出範囲外に移動した前記物体に関する情報を予め定めた一定時間の間だけ保持し、その後、徐々に存在確率を低減させることを特徴とする作業機械。 - 請求項6記載の作業機械において、
前記制御装置は、前記物体検出装置により検出された際の前記物体の存在確率が低いほど、前記物体に関する情報の保持時間を短くするとともに、存在確率の低減速度を速くすることを特徴とする作業機械。 - 請求項7記載の作業機械において、
前記制御装置は、前記物体検出装置により検出された前記物体の前記車体および前記作業装置との距離が遠いほど、前記物体に関する情報の保持時間を短くするとともに、存在確率の低減速度を速くすることを特徴とする作業機械。 - 請求項8記載の作業機械において、
前記制御装置は、前記物体検出装置により検出された前記物体の移動速度が速いほど、前記物体に関する情報の保持時間を長くするとともに、存在確率の低減速度を遅くすることを特徴とする作業機械。 - 請求項1記載の作業機械において、
前記車体は、前記移動装置として設けられた下部走行体と、前記下部走行体に対して旋回可能に設けられた上部旋回体とからなり、
前記車体に取り付けられ、回動可能に連結された複数のフロント部材からなる多関節型のフロント作業機を前記作業装置として備えたことを特徴とする作業機械。
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CN202180021128.4A CN115298632A (zh) | 2020-03-27 | 2021-02-05 | 作业机械 |
US17/912,026 US20230137344A1 (en) | 2020-03-27 | 2021-02-05 | Work machine |
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