WO2021029670A1

WO2021029670A1 - Technique for identifying mode of ppdu in wireless communication system

Info

Publication number: WO2021029670A1
Application number: PCT/KR2020/010674
Authority: WO
Inventors: 임동국; 최진수; 박은성; 장인선
Original assignee: 엘지전자 주식회사
Priority date: 2019-08-12
Filing date: 2020-08-12
Publication date: 2021-02-18

Abstract

An embodiment of the present specification relates to a technique for identifying the mode of a PPDU in a wireless LAN (WLAN) system. A reception STA may receive a physical protocol data unit (PPDU) including a first signal field and a second signal field. The reception STA may determine the type of the PPDU on the basis of whether the first signal field is repeated. The reception STA may determine the mode of the PPDU on the basis of a constellation applied to the second signal field. The reception STA may decode the PPDU on the basis of the type of the PPDU and the mode of the PPDU.

Description

Technique for Identifying PPDU Mode in Wireless Communication System

The present specification relates to a technique for identifying a mode of a PPDU in a wireless LAN system, and more particularly, to a method for identifying a mode of an NGV PPDU in a wireless LAN system, and an apparatus supporting the same.

Wireless network technologies may include various types of wireless local area networks (WLANs). WLAN employs widely used networking protocols and can be used to interconnect nearby devices together. The various technical features described herein can be applied to any communication standard, such as WiFi or, more generally, any one of the IEEE 802.11 radio protocol family.

This specification improves the existing IEEE 802.11p standard or proposes technical features that can be used in a new communication standard. The new communication standard may be a Next Generation Vehicular or Next Generation V2X Communication (NGV) standard that is recently discussed.

Specifically, in order to support 2x throughput improvement, coverage extension, and high speed compared to an 802.11p standard system (e.g., DSRC system) in the 5.9 GHz band, development of the NGV (i.e., 802.11bd standard) standard have.

In the NGV standard (that is, the 802.11bd standard), a wide bandwidth (20 MHz) transmission is being considered, rather than the conventional 10 MHz transmission, to improve 2x throughput. In addition, the NGV standard must support operations such as interoperability/backward compatibility/coexistence with the existing 802.11p standard.

The NGV specification can operate in a variety of modes. Accordingly, when a signal for high throughput (HT) and a signal for coverage extension (CE) are transmitted, the configuration of the frame may be changed according to the mode.

Therefore, a method for early indication of whether a mode of a signal (or PPDU) of the NGV standard is a mode for high throughput or a mode for coverage extension may be required.

The receiving STA according to various embodiments receives a PPDU (Physical Protocol Data Unit) including a first signal field and a second signal field, wherein the PPDU is in a 5.9 GHz band based on frequency spacing of 156.25 kHz. Receiving through; Determining a type of the PPDU based on whether the first signal field is repeated; Determining a mode of the PPDU based on the constellation applied to the second signal field; And decoding the PPDU based on the type of the PPDU and the mode of the PPDU.

This specification proposes a technical feature supporting a situation in which a 5.9 GHz band is used in various wireless LAN systems (eg, IEEE 802.11bd system). Based on various examples of the present specification, for smooth V2X support in the 5.9GHz band, throughput improvement and high speed of Dedicated Short Range Communication (DSRC) (802.11p) may be supported.

According to an example of the present specification, the preamble of the NGV PPDU may include information on the type and mode of the NGV PPDU. For example, the preamble of the NGV PPDU may include information for classifying the type of the 802.11p standard and the type of the 802.11bd standard (ie, NGV standard). For example, the preamble of the NGV PPDU may include information for distinguishing a mode for high throughput and a mode for coverage extension.

Accordingly, according to an example of the present specification, the NGV STA (or the receiving STA) may determine the type and/or mode of the NGV PPDU based on the preamble of the NGV PPDU. The NGV STA may decode the NGV PPDU based on the type and/or mode of the NGV PPDU.

1 shows an example of a transmitting device and/or a receiving device of the present specification.

2 is a conceptual diagram showing the structure of a wireless LAN (WLAN).

3 is a diagram illustrating a general link setup process.

4 is a diagram showing an example of a PPDU used in the IEEE standard.

5 is a diagram showing an arrangement of resource units (RU) used in a 20 MHz band.

6 is a diagram showing an arrangement of a resource unit (RU) used in a 40 MHz band.

7 is a diagram showing the arrangement of resource units (RU) used in the 80MHz band.

8 shows the structure of the HE-SIG-B field.

9 shows an example in which a plurality of User STAs are allocated to the same RU through the MU-MIMO scheme.

10 shows the operation according to the UL-MU.

11 shows an example of a trigger frame.

12 shows an example of a common information field of a trigger frame.

13 shows an example of a subfield included in a per user information field.

14 describes the technical features of the UORA technique.

15 shows an example of a channel used/supported/defined within a 2.4 GHz band.

16 shows an example of a channel used/supported/defined within a 5 GHz band.

17 shows an example of a channel used/supported/defined within a 6 GHz band.

18 shows an example of a PPDU used in the present specification.

19 shows a modified example of the transmitting device and/or the receiving device of the present specification.

20 shows a band plan of 5.9GHz DSRC.

21 shows the format of an 11p PPDU.

22 shows an example of the format of an NGV PPDU.

23 shows the format of an NGV PPDU for 10 MHz transmission.

24 shows the format of an NGV PPDU for 20 MHz transmission.

25 shows constellation mapping of symbols next to L-SIG in 11p PPDU.

26 shows constellation mapping of symbols next to L-SIG in NGV PPDU.

27 shows the properties of the first symbol following the L-SIG.

28 shows the constellation of the second symbol following the L-SIG.

29 shows the properties of the first symbol following the L-SIG.

30 shows the properties of a second symbol following L-SIG.

31 is a flowchart illustrating an operation of a transmitting STA.

32 is a flowchart illustrating an operation of a receiving STA.

33 is a flowchart for explaining another operation of the receiving STA.

34 is a flowchart for explaining another operation of the receiving STA.

35 is a flowchart for explaining another operation of the transmitting STA.

36 is a flowchart for explaining another operation of the receiving STA.

37 illustrates a vehicle or an autonomous vehicle applied to the present specification.

38 shows an example of a vehicle based on the present specification.

In the present specification, “A or B (A or B)” may mean “only A”, “only B” or “both A and B”. In other words, in the present specification, “A or B (A or B)” may be interpreted as “A and/or B (A and/or B)”. For example, in the present specification, “A, B or C (A, B or C)” refers to “only A”, “only B”, “only C”, or “A, B, and any combination of C ( It can mean any combination of A, B and C)”.

A forward slash (/) or comma used in the present specification may mean "and/or". For example, “A/B” may mean “A and/or B”. Accordingly, “A/B” may mean “only A”, “only B”, or “both A and B”. For example, “A, B, C” may mean “A, B or C”.

In the present specification, “at least one of A and B” may mean “only A”, “only B”, or “both A and B”. In addition, in this specification, the expression “at least one of A or B” or “at least one of A and/or B” means “at least one It can be interpreted the same as "at least one of A and B".

In addition, in the present specification, “at least one of A, B and C” means “only A”, “only B”, “only C”, or “A, B and C Can mean any combination of A, B and C”. In addition, "at least one of A, B or C" or "at least one of A, B and/or C" means It can mean “at least one of A, B and C”.

In addition, parentheses used in the present specification may mean "for example". Specifically, when displayed as “control information (EHT-Signal)”, “EHT-Signal” may be proposed as an example of “control information”. In other words, “control information” of the present specification is not limited to “EHT-Signal”, and “EHT-Signal” may be suggested as an example of “control information”. In addition, even when displayed as “control information (ie, EHT-signal)”, “EHT-signal” may be proposed as an example of “control information”.

In the present specification, technical features that are individually described in one drawing may be implemented individually or at the same time.

The following example of the present specification can be applied to various wireless communication systems. For example, the following example of the present specification may be applied to a wireless local area network (WLAN) system. For example, this specification can be applied to the IEEE 802.11a/g/n/ac standard or the IEEE 802.11ax standard. In addition, this specification can be applied to the newly proposed EHT standard or IEEE 802.11be standard. In addition, an example of the present specification may be applied to the EHT standard or to a new wireless LAN standard that is improved (enhance) IEEE 802.11be. In addition, an example of the present specification may be applied to a mobile communication system. For example, it can be applied to a mobile communication system based on LTE (Long Term Evolution) based on 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) standard and its evolution. In addition, an example of the present specification may be applied to a communication system of 5G NR standard based on 3GPP standard.

Hereinafter, in order to describe the technical features of the present specification, technical features to which the present specification can be applied will be described.

The example of FIG. 1 may perform various technical features described below. 1 is related to at least one STA (station). For example, the

STAs

110 and 120 of the present specification include a mobile terminal, a wireless device, a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU), a user equipment (UE), It may be referred to by various names such as a mobile station (MS), a mobile subscriber unit, or simply a user.

STAs

110 and 120 of the present specification may be referred to by various names such as a network, a base station, a Node-B, an access point (AP), a repeater, a router, and a relay. The

STAs

110 and 120 of the present specification may be referred to by various names such as a receiving device, a transmitting device, a receiving STA, a transmitting STA, a receiving device, and a transmitting device.

For example, the

STAs

110 and 120 may perform an access point (AP) role or a non-AP role. That is, the

STAs

110 and 120 of the present specification may perform AP and/or non-AP functions. In the present specification, the AP may also be indicated as an AP STA.

The

STAs

110 and 120 of the present specification may support various communication standards other than the IEEE 802.11 standard together. For example, communication standards (eg, LTE, LTE-A, 5G NR standards) according to 3GPP standards may be supported. In addition, the STA of the present specification may be implemented with various devices such as a mobile phone, a vehicle, and a personal computer. In addition, the STA of the present specification may support communication for various communication services such as voice call, video call, data communication, and autonomous driving (Self-Driving, Autonomous-Driving).

In the present specification, the

STAs

110 and 120 may include a medium access control (MAC) and a physical layer interface for a wireless medium according to the IEEE 802.11 standard.

The

STAs

110 and 120 will be described on the basis of the sub-drawing (a) of FIG. 1 as follows.

The first STA 110 may include a processor 111, a memory 112, and a transceiver 113. The illustrated processor, memory, and transceiver may each be implemented as separate chips, or at least two or more blocks/functions may be implemented through a single chip.

The transceiver 113 of the first STA performs a signal transmission/reception operation. Specifically, IEEE 802.11 packets (eg, IEEE 802.11a/b/g/n/ac/ax/be, etc.) can be transmitted and received.

For example, the first STA 110 may perform an intended operation of the AP. For example, the processor 111 of the AP may receive a signal through the transceiver 113, process a received signal, generate a transmission signal, and perform control for signal transmission. The memory 112 of the AP may store a signal (ie, a received signal) received through the transceiver 113, and may store a signal (ie, a transmission signal) to be transmitted through the transceiver.

For example, the second STA 120 may perform an intended operation of a non-AP STA. For example, the non-AP transceiver 123 performs a signal transmission/reception operation. Specifically, IEEE 802.11 packets (eg, IEEE 802.11a/b/g/n/ac/ax/be, etc.) can be transmitted and received.

For example, the processor 121 of the non-AP STA may receive a signal through the transceiver 123, process a received signal, generate a transmission signal, and perform control for signal transmission. The memory 122 of the non-AP STA may store a signal (ie, a reception signal) received through the transceiver 123 and may store a signal (ie, a transmission signal) to be transmitted through the transceiver.

For example, in the following specification, an operation of a device indicated as an AP may be performed by the first STA 110 or the second STA 120. For example, when the first STA 110 is an AP, the operation of the device indicated as an AP is controlled by the processor 111 of the first STA 110 and is controlled by the processor 111 of the first STA 110. A related signal may be transmitted or received through the controlled transceiver 113. In addition, control information related to the operation of the AP or a transmission/reception signal of the AP may be stored in the memory 112 of the first STA 110. In addition, when the second STA 110 is an AP, the operation of the device indicated by the AP is controlled by the processor 121 of the second STA 120 and controlled by the processor 121 of the second STA 120. A related signal may be transmitted or received through the transceiver 123 being used. In addition, control information related to the operation of the AP or transmission/reception signals of the AP may be stored in the memory 122 of the second STA 110.

For example, in the following specification, an operation of a device indicated as non-AP (or User-STA) may be performed by the first STA 110 or the second STA 120. For example, when the second STA 120 is a non-AP, the operation of the device marked as non-AP is controlled by the processor 121 of the second STA 120 and the processor of the second STA 120 ( A related signal may be transmitted or received through the transceiver 123 controlled by 121). In addition, control information related to the operation of the non-AP or transmission/reception signals of the AP may be stored in the memory 122 of the second STA 120. For example, when the first STA 110 is a non-AP, the operation of the device indicated as non-AP is controlled by the processor 111 of the first STA 110 and the processor of the first STA 120 ( A related signal may be transmitted or received through the transceiver 113 controlled by 111). In addition, control information related to the operation of the non-AP or transmission/reception signals of the AP may be stored in the memory 112 of the first STA 110.

In the following specification, (transmit/receive) STA, first STA, second STA, STA1, STA2, AP, first AP, second AP, AP1, AP2, (transmit/receive) Terminal, (transmit/receive) device , (Transmission/reception) apparatus, a device called a network, etc. may refer to the

STAs

110 and 120 of FIG. 1. For example, without specific reference numerals (transmission/reception) STA, first STA, second STA, STA1, STA2, AP, first AP, second AP, AP1, AP2, (transmission/reception) Terminal, (transmission Devices displayed as /receive) device, (transmit/receive) apparatus, network, etc. may also mean the

STAs

110 and 120 of FIG. 1. For example, in the following example, an operation in which various STAs transmit and receive signals (eg, PPPDUs) may be performed by the

transceivers

113 and 123 of FIG. 1. In addition, in the following example, an operation in which various STAs generate transmission/reception signals or perform data processing or calculation in advance for transmission/reception signals may be performed by the

processors

111 and 121 of FIG. 1. For example, an example of an operation of generating a transmission/reception signal or performing data processing or calculation in advance for a transmission/reception signal is: 1) Determining bit information of a subfield (SIG, STF, LTF, Data) field included in the PPDU. /Acquisition/configuration/computation/decoding/encoding operations, 2) Time resources or frequency resources (eg, subcarrier resources) used for subfields (SIG, STF, LTF, Data) included in the PPDU, etc. Determination/configuration/retrieve operation, 3) A specific sequence used for the subfields (SIG, STF, LTF, Data) fields included in the PPDU (e.g., pilot sequence, STF/LTF sequence, applied to SIG) An operation of determining/configuring/obtaining an extra sequence), 4) a power control operation and/or a power saving operation applied to the STA, 5) an operation related to determination/acquisition/configuration/calculation/decoding/encoding of an ACK signal, etc. Can include. In addition, in the following example, various information used by various STAs for determination/acquisition/configuration/calculation/decoding/encoding of transmission/reception signals (for example, information related to fields/subfields/control fields/parameters/power, etc.) It may be stored in the

memories

112 and 122 of FIG. 1.

The device/STA of the sub-drawing (a) of FIG. 1 described above may be modified as shown in the sub-drawing (b) of FIG. 1. Hereinafter, the

STAs

110 and 120 of the present specification will be described based on the sub-drawing (b) of FIG. 1.

For example, the

transceivers

113 and 123 illustrated in sub-drawing (b) of FIG. 1 may perform the same functions as the transceiver illustrated in sub-drawing (a) of FIG. 1. For example, the

processing chips

114 and 124 shown in sub-drawing (b) of FIG. 1 may include

processors

111 and 121 and

memories

112 and 122. The

processors

111 and 121 and the

memories

112 and 122 illustrated in sub-drawing (b) of FIG. 1 are the

processors

111 and 121 and the

memories

112 and 122 illustrated in sub-drawing (a) of FIG. ) And can perform the same function.

A mobile terminal, a wireless device, a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU), a user equipment (UE), a mobile station (MS), and a mobile device described below. Mobile Subscriber Unit, user, user STA, network, base station, Node-B, AP (Access Point), repeater, router, relay, receiving device, transmitting device, receiving STA, transmitting The STA, the receiving device, the transmitting device, the receiving Apparatus, and/or the transmitting Apparatus means the

STAs

110 and 120 shown in sub-drawings (a)/(b) of FIG. 1, or the sub-drawing of FIG. 1 (b It may mean the

processing chips

114 and 124 shown in ). That is, the technical features of the present specification may be performed on the

STAs

110 and 120 shown in sub-drawings (a)/(b) of FIG. 1, and the processing chip shown in sub-drawing (b) of FIG. 114, 124). For example, the technical feature of the transmitting STA transmitting the control signal is that the control signal generated by the

processors

111 and 121 shown in sub-drawings (a)/(b) of FIG. 1 is sub-drawing (a) of FIG. It can be understood as a technical feature transmitted through the

transceivers

113 and 123 shown in )/(b). Alternatively, the technical feature in which the transmitting STA transmits the control signal is a technical feature in which a control signal to be transmitted to the

transceivers

113 and 123 is generated from the

processing chips

114 and 124 shown in sub-drawing (b) of FIG. 1. Can be understood.

For example, the technical characteristic that the receiving STA receives the control signal may be understood as a technical characteristic in which the control signal is received by the

transceivers

113 and 123 shown in sub-drawing (a) of FIG. 1. Alternatively, the technical feature that the receiving STA receives the control signal is that the control signal received by the

transceivers

113 and 123 shown in sub-drawing (a) of FIG. 1 is the processor shown in sub-drawing (a) of FIG. 111, 121) can be understood as a technical feature obtained. Alternatively, the technical feature that the receiving STA receives the control signal is that the control signal received by the

transceivers

113 and 123 shown in sub-drawing (b) of FIG. 1 is a processing chip shown in sub-drawing (b) of FIG. It can be understood as a technical feature obtained by (114, 124).

Referring to sub-drawing (b) of FIG. 1,

software codes

115 and 125 may be included in the

memories

112 and 122. The

software codes

115 and 125 may include instructions for controlling the operations of the

processors

111 and 121. The

software codes

115 and 125 may be included in various programming languages.

The

processors

111 and 121 or the

processing chips

114 and 124 illustrated in FIG. 1 may include an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), another chipset, a logic circuit, and/or a data processing device. The processor may be an application processor (AP). For example, the

processors

111 and 121 or the

processing chips

114 and 124 shown in FIG. 1 are a digital signal processor (DSP), a central processing unit (CPU), a graphics processing unit (GPU), and a modem (modulator). and demodulator). For example, the

processors

111 and 121 or the

processing chips

114 and 124 shown in FIG. 1 are SNAPDRAGONTM series processors manufactured by Qualcomm®, EXYNOSTM series processors manufactured by Samsung®, and It may be an A series processor, a HELIOTM series processor manufactured by MediaTek®, an ATOMTM series processor manufactured by INTEL®, or an enhanced processor thereof.

In the present specification, uplink may mean a link for communication from a non-AP STA to an AP STA, and an uplink PPDU/packet/signal may be transmitted through the uplink. In addition, in this specification, the downlink may mean a link for communication from an AP STA to a non-AP STA, and a downlink PPDU/packet/signal may be transmitted through the downlink.

2 is a conceptual diagram showing the structure of a wireless LAN (WLAN).

The upper part of FIG. 2 shows the structure of an infrastructure BSS (basic service set) of IEEE (institute of electrical and electronic engineers) 802.11.

Referring to the upper part of FIG. 2, the wireless LAN system may include one or more infrastructure BSSs 200 and 205 (hereinafter, BSS). The BSS (200, 205) is a set of APs and STAs such as an access point (AP) 225 and STA1 (Station, 200-1) that can communicate with each other by successfully synchronizing, and does not indicate a specific area. The BSS 205 may include one or more STAs 205-1 and 205-2 that can be coupled to one AP 230.

The BSS may include at least one STA,

APs

225 and 230 providing a distribution service, and a distribution system (DS) 210 connecting a plurality of APs.

The distributed system 210 may implement an extended service set (ESS) 240, which is an extended service set, by connecting

several BSSs

200 and 205. The ESS 240 may be used as a term indicating one network formed by connecting one or several APs through the distributed system 210. APs included in one ESS 240 may have the same service set identification (SSID).

The portal 220 may serve as a bridge for connecting a wireless LAN network (IEEE 802.11) and another network (eg, 802.X).

In the BSS as shown in the upper part of FIG. 2, a network between the

APs

225 and 230 and a network between the

APs

225 and 230 and the STAs 200-1, 205-1 and 205-2 may be implemented. However, it may be possible to perform communication by setting up a network even between STAs without the

APs

225 and 230. A network that performs communication by configuring a network even between STAs without the

APs

225 and 230 is defined as an ad-hoc network or an independent basic service set (IBSS).

The lower part of FIG. 2 is a conceptual diagram showing IBSS.

2, the IBSS is a BSS operating in an ad-hoc mode. Since IBSS does not include APs, there is no centralized management entity. That is, in the IBSS, the STAs 250-1, 250-2, 250-3, 255-4, and 255-5 are managed in a distributed manner. In IBSS, all STAs (250-1, 250-2, 250-3, 255-4, 255-5) can be configured as mobile STAs, and access to the distributed system is not allowed, so a self-contained network. network).

3 is a diagram illustrating a general link setup process.

In the illustrated step S310, the STA may perform a network discovery operation. The network discovery operation may include a scanning operation of the STA. That is, in order for the STA to access the network, it must find a network that can participate. The STA must identify a compatible network before participating in the wireless network. The process of identifying a network existing in a specific area is called scanning. Scanning methods include active scanning and passive scanning.

3 illustrates an example of a network discovery operation including an active scanning process. In active scanning, the STA performing scanning transmits a probe request frame to search for an AP present in the vicinity while moving channels and waits for a response thereto. The responder transmits a probe response frame in response to the probe request frame to the STA that has transmitted the probe request frame. Here, the responder may be an STA that last transmitted a beacon frame in the BSS of the channel being scanned. In BSS, since the AP transmits a beacon frame, the AP becomes a responder, and in IBSS, because STAs in the IBSS rotate and transmit beacon frames, the responder is not constant. For example, an STA that transmits a probe request frame on channel 1 and receives a probe response frame on channel 1 stores BSS-related information included in the received probe response frame and stores the next channel (e.g., 2 Channel) and scanning (that is, probe request/response transmission/reception on channel 2) in the same manner.

Although not shown in the example of FIG. 3, the scanning operation may be performed in a passive scanning method. An STA performing scanning based on passive scanning may wait for a beacon frame while moving channels. The beacon frame is one of the management frames in IEEE 802.11, and is periodically transmitted so that an STA that notifies the existence of a wireless network and performs scanning can find a wireless network and participate in the wireless network. In the BSS, the AP performs a role of periodically transmitting a beacon frame, and in IBSS, the STAs in the IBSS rotate and transmit the beacon frame. When the STA performing the scanning receives the beacon frame, it stores information on the BSS included in the beacon frame, moves to another channel, and records the beacon frame information in each channel. The STA receiving the beacon frame may store BSS-related information included in the received beacon frame, move to the next channel, and perform scanning in the next channel in the same manner.

The STA that discovers the network may perform an authentication process through step S320. This authentication process may be referred to as a first authentication process in order to clearly distinguish it from the security setup operation of step S340 to be described later. The authentication process of S320 may include a process in which the STA transmits an authentication request frame to the AP, and in response thereto, the AP transmits an authentication response frame to the STA. An authentication frame used for authentication request/response corresponds to a management frame.

The authentication frame consists of an authentication algorithm number, an authentication transaction sequence number, a status code, a challenge text, a robust security network (RSN), and a finite cycle group. Group), etc. can be included.

The STA may transmit an authentication request frame to the AP. The AP may determine whether to allow authentication for the corresponding STA based on the information included in the received authentication request frame. The AP may provide the result of the authentication process to the STA through the authentication response frame.

The STA that has been successfully authenticated may perform a connection process based on step S330. The association process includes a process in which the STA transmits an association request frame to the AP, and in response thereto, the AP transmits an association response frame to the STA. For example, the connection request frame includes information related to various capabilities, beacon listening intervals, service set identifiers (SSIDs), supported rates, supported channels, RSNs, and mobility domains. , Supported operating classes, TIM broadcast request, interworking service capability, and the like may be included. For example, the connection response frame includes information related to various capabilities, status codes, association IDs (AIDs), support rates, Enhanced Distributed Channel Access (EDCA) parameter sets, Received Channel Power Indicators (RCPI), Received Signal to Noise (RSNI). Indicator), mobility domain, timeout interval (association comeback time), overlapping BSS scan parameter, TIM broadcast response, QoS map, etc. may be included.

Thereafter, in step S340, the STA may perform a security setup process. The security setup process of step S340 may include, for example, a process of performing a private key setup through 4-way handshaking through an Extensible Authentication Protocol over LAN (EAPOL) frame. .

4 is a diagram showing an example of a PPDU used in the IEEE standard.

As shown, in standards such as IEEE a/g/n/ac, various types of PHY protocol data units (PPDUs) were used. Specifically, the LTF and STF fields included training signals, SIG-A and SIG-B included control information for the receiving station, and the data field included user data corresponding to PSDU (MAC PDU/Aggregated MAC PDU). Included.

In addition, FIG. 4 also includes an example of an HE PPDU of the IEEE 802.11ax standard. The HE PPDU according to FIG. 4 is an example of a PPDU for multiple users, and HE-SIG-B is included only for multiple users, and the corresponding HE-SIG-B may be omitted in the PPDU for a single user.

As shown, the HE-PPDU for multiple users (MU) is L-STF (legacy-short training field), L-LTF (legacy-long training field), L-SIG (legacy-signal), HE-SIG-A (high efficiency-signal A), HE-SIG-B (high efficiency-signal-B), HE-STF (high efficiency-short training field), HE-LTF (high efficiency-long training field) , A data field (or MAC payload), and a packet extension (PE) field. Each field may be transmitted during the illustrated time period (ie, 4 or 8 μs, etc.).

Hereinafter, a resource unit (RU) used in the PPDU will be described. The resource unit may include a plurality of subcarriers (or tones). The resource unit may be used when transmitting signals to multiple STAs based on the OFDMA technique. Also, even when a signal is transmitted to one STA, a resource unit may be defined. The resource unit can be used for STF, LTF, data fields, and the like.

As shown in FIG. 5, resource units (RUs) corresponding to different numbers of tones (ie, subcarriers) may be used to configure some fields of the HE-PPDU. For example, resources may be allocated in units of RU shown for HE-STF, HE-LTF, and data fields.

As shown at the top of Fig. 5, 26-units (ie, units corresponding to 26 tones) may be arranged. In the leftmost band of the 20MHz band, 6 tones may be used as a guard band, and in the rightmost band of the 20MHz band, 5 tones may be used as the guard band. In addition, 7 DC tones are inserted in the center band, that is, the DC band, and 26-units corresponding to 13 tones may exist on the left and right sides of the DC band. In addition, 26-units, 52-units, and 106-units may be allocated to other bands. Each unit can be assigned for a receiving station, i.e. a user.

Meanwhile, the RU arrangement of FIG. 5 is utilized not only in a situation for a plurality of users (MU), but also in a situation for a single user (SU). In this case, as shown in the bottom of FIG. 5, one 242-unit is used. It is possible to use and in this case 3 DC tones can be inserted.

In the example of FIG. 5, RUs of various sizes, that is, 26-RU, 52-RU, 106-RU, 242-RU, etc., have been proposed. Since the specific size of these RUs can be expanded or increased, this embodiment Is not limited to the specific size of each RU (ie, the number of corresponding tones).

Similar to the use of RUs of various sizes in the example of FIG. 5, 26-RU, 52-RU, 106-RU, 242-RU, 484-RU, and the like may be used in the example of FIG. 6. In addition, 5 DC tones can be inserted into the center frequency, 12 tones are used as guard bands in the leftmost band of the 40MHz band, and 11 tones are used in the rightmost band of the 40MHz band. It can be used as a guard band.

Also, as shown, when used for a single user, a 484-RU may be used. Meanwhile, the fact that the specific number of RUs can be changed is the same as the example of FIG. 4.

Similar to the use of RUs of various sizes in the examples of FIGS. 5 and 6, the example of FIG. 7 may also be used with 26-RU, 52-RU, 106-RU, 242-RU, 484-RU, 996-RU, etc. have. In addition, 7 DC tones can be inserted into the center frequency, 12 tones are used as guard bands in the leftmost band of the 80MHz band, and 11 tones are used in the rightmost band of the 80MHz band. It can be used as a guard band. In addition, a 26-RU using 13 tones located on the left and right of the DC band can be used.

In addition, as shown, when used for a single user, a 996-RU may be used, and in this case, five DC tones may be inserted.

The RU described herein may be used for UL (Uplink) communication and DL (Downlink) communication. For example, when UL-MU communication solicited by the trigger frame is performed, the transmitting STA (eg, AP) transmits the first RU (eg, 26/52/106) to the first STA through the trigger frame. /242-RU, etc.), and a second RU (eg, 26/52/106/242-RU, etc.) may be allocated to the second STA. Thereafter, the first STA may transmit a first Trigger-based PPDU based on the first RU, and the second STA may transmit a second Trigger-based PPDU based on the second RU. The first/second Trigger-based PPDU is transmitted to the AP in the same time interval.

For example, when a DL MU PPDU is configured, the transmitting STA (eg, AP) allocates a first RU (eg, 26/52/106/242-RU, etc.) to the first STA, and 2 STAs may be assigned a second RU (eg, 26/52/106/242-RU, etc.). That is, the transmitting STA (eg, AP) may transmit the HE-STF, HE-LTF, and Data fields for the first STA through the first RU within one MU PPDU, and the second RU through the second RU. HE-STF, HE-LTF, and Data fields for 2 STAs can be transmitted.

Information on the arrangement of the RU may be signaled through HE-SIG-B.

8 shows the structure of the HE-SIG-B field.

As shown, the HE-SIG-B field 810 includes a common field 820 and a user-specific field 830. The common field 820 may include information commonly applied to all users (ie, user STAs) receiving the SIG-B. The user-individual field 830 may be referred to as a user-individual control field. When the SIG-B is transmitted to a plurality of users, the user-individual field 830 may be applied to only some of the plurality of users.

As shown in FIG. 8, the common field 820 and the user-individual field 830 may be encoded separately.

The common field 820 may include N*8 bits of RU allocation information. For example, the RU allocation information may include information on the location of the RU. For example, when a 20 MHz channel is used as shown in FIG. 5, the RU allocation information may include information on which RU (26-RU/52-RU/106-RU) is allocated in which frequency band. .

An example of a case in which RU allocation information is composed of 8 bits is as follows.

As in the example of FIG. 5, a maximum of 9 26-RUs may be allocated to a 20 MHz channel. As shown in Table 1, when the RU allocation information of the common field 820 is set to “00000000”, nine 26-RUs may be allocated to a corresponding channel (ie, 20 MHz). In addition, as shown in Table 1, when the RU allocation information of the common field 820 is set to "00000001", seven 26-RUs and one 52-RU are arranged in a corresponding channel. That is, in the example of FIG. 5, 52-RUs may be allocated to the rightmost side and seven 26-RUs may be allocated to the left side.

An example of Table 1 shows only some of the RU locations that can be displayed by RU allocation information.

For example, RU allocation information may include an example of Table 2 below.

"01000y2y1y0" relates to an example in which 106-RU is allocated to the leftmost-left side of a 20 MHz channel, and five 26-RUs are allocated to the right side. In this case, a plurality of STAs (eg, User-STAs) may be allocated to the 106-RU based on the MU-MIMO technique. Specifically, up to 8 STAs (eg, User-STA) may be allocated to 106-RU, and the number of STAs (eg, User-STA) allocated to 106-RU is 3-bit information (y2y1y0). ). For example, when 3-bit information (y2y1y0) is set to N, the number of STAs (eg, User-STAs) allocated to 106-RU based on the MU-MIMO technique may be N+1.

In general, a plurality of different STAs (eg, user STAs) may be allocated to a plurality of RUs. However, for one RU of a specific size (eg, 106 subcarriers) or more, a plurality of STAs (eg, user STAs) may be allocated based on the MU-MIMO technique.

As shown in FIG. 8, the user-individual field 830 may include a plurality of user fields. As described above, the number of STAs (eg, user STAs) allocated to a specific channel may be determined based on the RU allocation information in the common field 820. For example, when the RU allocation information of the common field 820 is "00000000", one User STA may be allocated to each of nine 26-RUs (ie, a total of 9 User STAs are allocated). That is, up to 9 User STAs may be allocated to a specific channel through the OFDMA scheme. In other words, up to 9 User STAs may be allocated to a specific channel through a non-MU-MIMO scheme.

For example, when RU allocation is set to “01000y2y1y0”, a plurality of User STAs are allocated to 106-RUs disposed on the leftmost-left through the MU-MIMO scheme, and five 26-RUs disposed on the right side are allocated Five User STAs may be allocated through a non-MU-MIMO scheme. This case is embodied through the example of FIG.

For example, when RU allocation is set to “01000010” as shown in FIG. 9, based on Table 2, 106-RUs are allocated to the leftmost-left side of a specific channel, and five 26-RUs are allocated to the right side. I can. In addition, a total of three User STAs may be allocated to the 106-RU through the MU-MIMO scheme. As a result, since a total of 8 User STAs are allocated, the user-individual field 830 of HE-SIG-B may include 8 User fields.

Eight User fields may be included in the order shown in FIG. 9. In addition, as shown in FIG. 8, two User fields may be implemented as one User block field.

The User field shown in FIGS. 8 and 9 may be configured based on two formats. That is, a User field related to the MU-MIMO technique may be configured in a first format, and a User field related to the non-MU-MIMO technique may be configured in a second format. Referring to the example of FIG. 9, User fields 1 to 3 may be based on a first format, and User fields 4 to 8 may be based on a second format. The first format or the second format may include bit information of the same length (eg, 21 bits).

Each User field may have the same size (eg, 21 bits). For example, the User Field of the first format (the format of the MU-MIMO scheme) may be configured as follows.

For example, the first bit (eg, B0-B10) in the user field (ie, 21 bits) is the identification information of the user STA to which the corresponding user field is allocated (eg, STA-ID, partial AID, etc.) It may include. In addition, the second bit (eg, B11-B14) in the user field (ie, 21 bits) may include information on spatial configuration. Specifically, an example of the second bit (ie, B11-B14) may be as shown in Tables 3 to 4 below.

As shown in Table 3 and/or Table 4, the second bit (i.e., B11-B14) may include information on the number of Spatial Streams allocated to a plurality of User STAs allocated according to the MU-MIMO scheme. have. For example, when three User STAs are allocated to 106-RU based on the MU-MIMO scheme as shown in FIG. 9, N_user is set to “3”, and accordingly, as shown in Table 3, N_STS[1], Values of N_STS[2] and N_STS[3] may be determined. For example, when the value of the second bits B11-B14 is “0011”, it may be set to N_STS[1]=4, N_STS[2]=1, and N_STS[3]=1. That is, in the example of FIG. 9, 4 Spatial Streams may be allocated to

User field

1, 1 Spatial Stream may be allocated to

User field

2, and 1 Spatial Stream may be allocated to User field 3.

As in the example of Table 3 and/or Table 4, information on the number of spatial streams for a user STA (that is, the second bit, B11-B14) may consist of 4 bits. In addition, information on the number of spatial streams for a user STA (ie, second bits, B11-B14) may support up to eight spatial streams. In addition, information on the number of spatial streams (ie, second bits, B11-B14) may support up to 4 spatial streams for one user STA.

In addition, the third bit (ie, B15-18) in the user field (ie, 21 bits) may include MCS (Modulation and coding scheme) information. MCS information may be applied to a data field in a PPDU in which the corresponding SIG-B is included.

MCS, MCS information, MCS index, MCS field, and the like used in the present specification may be indicated by a specific index value. For example, MCS information may be indicated by index 0 to index 11. The MCS information includes information on a constellation modulation type (e.g., BPSK, QPSK, 16-QAM, 64-QAM, 256-QAM, 1024-QAM, etc.), and a coding rate (e.g., 1/2, 2/ 3, 3/4, 5/6, etc.). Information on the channel coding type (eg, BCC or LDPC) may be excluded from the MCS information.

In addition, the fourth bit (ie, B19) in the user field (ie, 21 bits) may be a reserved field.

In addition, the fifth bit (ie, B20) in the user field (ie, 21 bits) may include information on the coding type (eg, BCC or LDPC). That is, the fifth bit (ie, B20) may include information on the type of channel coding (eg, BCC or LDPC) applied to the data field in the PPDU including the corresponding SIG-B.

The above-described example relates to the User Field of the first format (the format of the MU-MIMO scheme). An example of the User field of the second format (non-MU-MIMO format) is as follows.

The first bit (eg, B0-B10) in the User field of the second format may include identification information of the User STA. In addition, the second bit (eg, B11-B13) in the user field of the second format may include information on the number of spatial streams applied to the corresponding RU. In addition, the third bit (eg, B14) in the user field of the second format may include information on whether the beamforming steering matrix is applied. The fourth bit (eg, B15-B18) in the User field of the second format may include MCS (Modulation and Coding Scheme) information. In addition, the fifth bit (eg, B19) in the User field of the second format may include information on whether or not Dual Carrier Modulation (DCM) is applied. In addition, the sixth bit (ie, B20) in the user field of the second format may include information on the coding type (eg, BCC or LDPC).

10 shows the operation according to the UL-MU. As shown, a transmitting STA (eg, an AP) may perform channel access through contending (ie, a backoff operation) and transmit a trigger frame 1030. That is, the transmitting STA (eg, AP) may transmit a PPDU including the trigger frame 1330. When a PPDU including a trigger frame is received, a trigger-based (TB) PPDU is transmitted after a delay equal to SIFS.

The

TB PPDUs

1041 and 1042 may be transmitted at the same time slot and may be transmitted from a plurality of STAs (eg, User STAs) in which an AID is indicated in the trigger frame 1030. The ACK frame 1050 for the TB PPDU may be implemented in various forms.

Specific characteristics of the trigger frame will be described with reference to FIGS. 11 to 13. Even when UL-MU communication is used, an orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) technique or an MU MIMO technique can be used, and an OFDMA and MU MIMO technique can be used simultaneously.

11 shows an example of a trigger frame. The trigger frame of FIG. 11 allocates resources for uplink multiple-user transmission (MU), and may be transmitted from an AP, for example. The trigger frame may be composed of a MAC frame and may be included in a PPDU.

Each of the fields shown in FIG. 11 may be partially omitted, and other fields may be added. In addition, the length of each field may be changed differently from that shown.

The frame control field 1110 of FIG. 11 includes information on the version of the MAC protocol and other additional control information, and the duration field 1120 includes time information for setting NAV or an identifier of the STA (for example, For example, information on AID) may be included.

In addition, the RA field 1130 includes address information of the receiving STA of the corresponding trigger frame, and may be omitted if necessary. The TA field 1140 includes address information of an STA (eg, an AP) that transmits a corresponding trigger frame, and a common information field 1150 is a common information applied to a receiving STA receiving a corresponding trigger frame. Contains control information. For example, a field indicating the length of an L-SIG field of an uplink PPDU transmitted in response to a corresponding trigger frame, or a SIG-A field of an uplink PPDU transmitted in response to a corresponding trigger frame (i.e., HE-SIG-A Field) may contain information that controls the content. In addition, as common control information, information about a length of a CP of an uplink PPDU transmitted in response to a corresponding trigger frame or information about a length of an LTF field may be included.

In addition, it is preferable to include individual user information fields 1160#1 to 1160#N corresponding to the number of receiving STAs receiving the trigger frame of FIG. 11. The individual user information field may be referred to as an “allocation field”.

In addition, the trigger frame of FIG. 11 may include a padding field 1170 and a frame check sequence field 1180.

Each of the individual user information fields 1160#1 to 1160#N shown in FIG. 11 may again include a plurality of subfields.

12 shows an example of a common information field of a trigger frame. Some of the subfields of FIG. 12 may be omitted, and other subfields may be added. In addition, the length of each of the illustrated subfields may be changed.

The illustrated length field 1210 has the same value as the length field of the L-SIG field of the uplink PPDU transmitted in response to the corresponding trigger frame, and the length field of the L-SIG field of the uplink PPDU represents the length of the uplink PPDU. As a result, the length field 1210 of the trigger frame may be used to indicate the length of the corresponding uplink PPDU.

Also, the cascade indicator field 1220 indicates whether a cascade operation is performed. The cascade operation means that downlink MU transmission and uplink MU transmission are performed together in the same TXOP. That is, after downlink MU transmission is performed, it means that uplink MU transmission is performed after a preset time (eg, SIFS). During a casecade operation, there may be only one transmission device (eg, AP) performing downlink communication, and a plurality of transmission devices (eg, non-AP) performing uplink communication may exist.

The CS request field 1230 indicates whether to consider the state of the radio medium or the NAV in a situation in which the receiving device receiving the corresponding trigger frame transmits the corresponding uplink PPDU.

The HE-SIG-A information field 1240 may include information for controlling the content of the SIG-A field (ie, the HE-SIG-A field) of the uplink PPDU transmitted in response to the corresponding trigger frame.

The CP and LTF type field 1250 may include information on the length of the LTF and the CP length of the uplink PPDU transmitted in response to the corresponding trigger frame. The trigger type field 1060 may indicate a purpose for which the corresponding trigger frame is used, for example, normal triggering, triggering for beamforming, and request for Block ACK/NACK.

In this specification, it may be assumed that the trigger type field 1260 of the trigger frame indicates a basic type of trigger frame for normal triggering. For example, a basic type trigger frame may be referred to as a basic trigger frame.

13 shows an example of a subfield included in a per user information field. The user information field 1300 of FIG. 13 may be understood as any of the individual user information fields 1160#1 to 1160#N mentioned in FIG. 11 above. Some of the subfields included in the user information field 1300 of FIG. 13 may be omitted, and other subfields may be added. In addition, the length of each of the illustrated subfields may be changed.

A user identifier field 1310 of FIG. 13 indicates an identifier of an STA (ie, a receiving STA) corresponding to per user information, and an example of the identifier is an association identifier (AID) of the receiving STA. It can be all or part of the value.

In addition, an RU Allocation field 1320 may be included. That is, when the receiving STA identified by the user identifier field 1310 transmits the TB PPDU corresponding to the trigger frame, it transmits the TB PPDU through the RU indicated by the RU allocation field 1320. In this case, the RU indicated by the RU Allocation field 1320 may be the RU shown in FIGS. 5, 6, and 7.

The subfield of FIG. 13 may include a coding type field 1330. The coding type field 1330 may indicate the coding type of the TB PPDU. For example, when BCC coding is applied to the TB PPDU, the coding type field 1330 may be set to '1', and when LDPC coding is applied, the coding type field 1330 may be set to '0'. have.

In addition, the subfield of FIG. 13 may include an MCS field 1340. The MCS field 1340 may indicate an MCS scheme applied to a TB PPDU. For example, when BCC coding is applied to the TB PPDU, the coding type field 1330 may be set to '1', and when LDPC coding is applied, the coding type field 1330 may be set to '0'. have.

Hereinafter, a UL OFDMA-based Random Access (UORA) technique will be described.

14 describes the technical features of the UORA technique.

The transmitting STA (eg, AP) may allocate 6 RU resources as shown in FIG. 14 through a trigger frame. Specifically, the AP is a first RU resource (AID 0, RU 1), a second RU resource (AID 0, RU 2), a third RU resource (AID 0, RU 3), a fourth RU resource (AID 2045, RU 4), a fifth RU resource (AID 2045, RU 5), and a sixth RU resource (AID 3, RU 6) may be allocated. Information on AID 0, AID 3, or AID 2045 may be included, for example, in the user identification field 1310 of FIG. 13. Information about RU 1 to RU 6 may be included in, for example, the RU allocation field 1320 of FIG. 13. AID=0 may mean a UORA resource for an associated STA, and AID=2045 may mean a UORA resource for an un-associated STA. Accordingly, the first to third RU resources of FIG. 14 may be used as UORA resources for an associated STA, and the fourth to fifth RU resources of FIG. 14 are for un-associated STAs. It may be used as a UORA resource, and the sixth RU resource of FIG. 14 may be used as a resource for a normal UL MU.

In the example of FIG. 14, the OBO (OFDMA random access BackOff) counter of STA1 is reduced to 0, and STA1 randomly selects the second RU resources (AID 0, RU 2). In addition, since the OBO counter of STA2/3 is greater than 0, uplink resources are not allocated to STA2/3. In addition, since STA4 in FIG. 14 includes its AID (ie, AID=3) in the trigger frame, resources of RU 6 are allocated without backoff.

Specifically, since STA1 of FIG. 14 is an associated STA, there are a total of three eligible RA RUs for STA1 (RU 1, RU 2, RU 3), and accordingly, STA1 decreases the OBO counter by 3 so that the OBO counter is It became 0. In addition, since STA2 of FIG. 14 is an associated STA, there are a total of three eligible RA RUs for STA2 (RU 1, RU 2, and RU 3). Accordingly, STA2 has reduced the OBO counter by 3, but the OBO counter is 0. Is in a larger state. In addition, since STA3 of FIG. 14 is an un-associated STA, there are a total of two eligible RA RUs (RU 4 and RU 5) for STA3, and accordingly, STA3 has reduced the OBO counter by 2, but the OBO counter is It is in a state greater than 0.

15 shows an example of a channel used/supported/defined within a 2.4 GHz band.

The 2.4 GHz band may be referred to by other names such as the first band (band). In addition, the 2.4 GHz band may refer to a frequency region in which channels having a center frequency adjacent to 2.4 GHz (eg, channels having a center frequency located within 2.4 to 2.5 GHz) are used/supported/defined.

The 2.4 GHz band may contain multiple 20 MHz channels. 20 MHz in the 2.4 GHz band may have multiple channel indexes (eg, index 1 to index 14). For example, a center frequency of a 20 MHz channel to which channel index 1 is assigned may be 2.412 GHz, a center frequency of a 20 MHz channel to which channel index 2 is assigned may be 2.417 GHz, and 20 MHz to which channel index N is assigned The center frequency of the channel may be (2.407 + 0.005*N) GHz. The channel index may be referred to by various names such as channel number. Specific values of the channel index and the center frequency may be changed.

15 exemplarily shows four channels in a 2.4 GHz band. Each of the illustrated first to fourth frequency regions 1510 to 1540 may include one channel. For example, the first frequency domain 1510 may include channel 1 (a 20 MHz channel having index 1). At this time, the center frequency of channel 1 may be set to 2412 MHz. The second frequency domain 1520 may include channel 6. At this time, the center frequency of channel 6 may be set to 2437 MHz. The third frequency domain 1530 may include channel 11. At this time, the center frequency of channel 11 may be set to 2462 MHz. The fourth frequency domain 1540 may include channel 14. At this time, the center frequency of channel 14 may be set to 2484 MHz.

16 shows an example of a channel used/supported/defined within a 5 GHz band.

The 5 GHz band may be referred to by another name such as the second band/band. The 5 GHz band may mean a frequency range in which channels having a center frequency of 5 GHz or more and less than 6 GHz (or less than 5.9 GHz) are used/supported/defined. Alternatively, the 5 GHz band may include a plurality of channels between 4.5 GHz and 5.5 GHz. The specific values shown in FIG. 16 may be changed.

The plurality of channels in the 5 GHz band include UNII (Unlicensed National Information Infrastructure)-1, UNII-2, UNII-3, and ISM. UNII-1 can be called UNII Low. UNII-2 may include a frequency domain called UNII Mid and UNII-2 Extended. UNII-3 can be called UNII-Upper.

A plurality of channels may be set within the 5 GHz band, and the bandwidth of each channel may be variously set to 20 MHz, 40 MHz, 80 MHz, or 160 MHz. For example, a frequency range/range of 5170 MHz to 5330 MHz in UNII-1 and UNII-2 may be divided into eight 20 MHz channels. The frequency range/range from 5170 MHz to 5330 MHz can be divided into four channels through the 40 MHz frequency domain. The 5170 MHz to 5330 MHz frequency domain/range can be divided into two channels through the 80 MHz frequency domain. Alternatively, the 5170 MHz to 5330 MHz frequency domain/range may be divided into one channel through the 160 MHz frequency domain.

17 shows an example of a channel used/supported/defined within a 6 GHz band.

The 6 GHz band may be referred to as a third band/band. The 6 GHz band may mean a frequency region in which channels with a center frequency of 5.9 GHz or more are used/supported/defined. The specific values shown in FIG. 17 may be changed.

For example, the 20 MHz channel of FIG. 17 may be defined from 5.940 GHz. Specifically, the leftmost channel of the 20 MHz channel of FIG. 17 may have an index number 1 (or a channel index, a channel number, etc.), and a center frequency of 5.945 GHz may be allocated. That is, the center frequency of the index N channel may be determined as (5.940 + 0.005*N) GHz.

Accordingly, the index (or channel number) of the 20 MHz channel of FIG. 17 is 1, 5, 9, 13, 17, 21, 25, 29, 33, 37, 41, 45, 49, 53, 57, 61, 65, 69, 73, 77, 81, 85, 89, 93, 97, 101, 105, 109, 113, 117, 121, 125, 129, 133, 137, 141, 145, 149, 153, 157, 161, It may be 165, 169, 173, 177, 181, 185, 189, 193, 197, 201, 205, 209, 213, 217, 221, 225, 229, 233. In addition, according to the above-described (5.940 + 0.005*N) GHz rule, the index of the 40 MHz channel in FIG. 17 is 3, 11, 19, 27, 35, 43, 51, 59, 67, 75, 83, 91, 99, 107, 115, 123, 131, 139, 147, 155, 163, 171, 179, 187, 195, 203, 211, 219, 227.

In the example of FIG. 17, 20, 40, 80, and 160 MHz channels are shown, but additionally, a 240 MHz channel or a 320 MHz channel may be added.

Hereinafter, the PPDU transmitted/received by the STA of the present specification will be described.

18 shows an example of a PPDU used in the present specification.

The PPDU of FIG. 18 may be referred to as various names such as EHT PPDU, transmission PPDU, reception PPDU, 1st type or Nth type PPDU. For example, in this specification, the PPDU or EHT PPDU may be referred to as various names such as a transmission PPDU, a reception PPDU, a first type or an N type PPDU. In addition, the EHT PPU can be used in the EHT system and/or in a new wireless LAN system with an improved EHT system.

The PPDU of FIG. 18 may represent some or all of the PPDU types used in the EHT system. For example, the example of FIG. 18 may be used for both a single-user (SU) mode and a multi-user (MU) mode, only the SU mode, or only the MU mode. For example, in the EHT system, a trigger-based PPDU (TB) may be defined separately or may be configured based on the example of FIG. 18. The trigger frame described through at least one of FIGS. 10 to 14 and the UL-MU operation initiated by the trigger frame (eg, transmission operation of a TB PPDU) may be applied to the EHT system as it is.

In FIG. 18, L-STF to EHT-LTF may be referred to as a preamble or a physical preamble, and may be generated/transmitted/received/acquired/decoded in the physical layer.

The subcarrier spacing of the L-STF, L-LTF, L-SIG, RL-SIG, U-SIG, and EHT-SIG fields of FIG. 18 is set to 312.5 kHz, and the subcarrier spacing of the EHT-STF, EHT-LTF, and Data fields Can be set to 78.125 kHz. That is, the tone index (or subcarrier index) of the L-STF, L-LTF, L-SIG, RL-SIG, U-SIG, and EHT-SIG fields is displayed in units of 312.5 kHz, EHT-STF, EHT-LTF, The tone index (or subcarrier index) of the data field may be displayed in units of 78.125 kHz.

In the PPDU of FIG. 18, the L-LTF and the L-STF may be the same as the conventional field.

The L-SIG field of FIG. 18 may include, for example, 24-bit bit information. For example, the 24-bit information may include a 4 bit Rate field, 1 bit Reserved bit, 12 bit Length field, 1 bit Parity bit, and 6 bit Tail bit. For example, the 12-bit Length field may include information on the length or time duration of the PPDU. For example, the value of the 12-bit Length field may be determined based on the type of PPDU. For example, when the PPDU is a non-HT, HT, VHT PPDU or EHT PPDU, the value of the Length field may be determined as a multiple of 3. For example, when the PPDU is an HE PPDU, the value of the Length field may be determined as “multiple of 3 + 1” or “multiple of 3 +2”. In other words, for non-HT, HT, VHT PPDU or EHT PPDU, the value of the Length field may be determined as a multiple of 3, and for HE PPDU, the value of the Length field is “multiple of 3 + 1” or “multiple of 3” It can be determined as +2”.

For example, the transmitting STA may apply BCC encoding based on a code rate of 1/2 to 24-bit information of the L-SIG field. Thereafter, the transmitting STA may obtain a 48-bit BCC coded bit. BPSK modulation is applied to the 48-bit coded bits, so that 48 BPSK symbols may be generated. The transmitting STA may map 48 BPSK symbols to locations excluding pilot subcarriers {subcarrier index -21, -7, +7, +21} and DC subcarrier {subcarrier index 0}. As a result, 48 BPSK symbols can be mapped to subcarrier indices -26 to -22, -20 to -8, -6 to -1, +1 to +6, +8 to +20, and +22 to +26. have. The transmitting STA may additionally map a signal of {-1, -1, -1, 1} to the subcarrier index {-28, -27, +27, +28}. The above signal can be used for channel estimation in the frequency domain corresponding to {-28, -27, +27, +28}.

The transmitting STA may generate the RL-SIG generated in the same manner as the L-SIG. BPSK modulation can be applied to RL-SIG. The receiving STA may know that the received PPDU is an HE PPDU or an EHT PPDU based on the presence of the RL-SIG.

After the RL-SIG of FIG. 18, a Universal SIG (U-SIG) may be inserted. The U-SIG may be referred to by various names such as a first SIG field, a first SIG, a first type SIG, a control signal, a control signal field, and a first (type) control signal.

The U-SIG may include N bits of information and may include information for identifying the type of EHT PPDU. For example, the U-SIG may be configured based on two symbols (eg, two consecutive OFDM symbols). Each symbol (eg, OFDM symbol) for U-SIG may have a duration of 4 us. Each symbol of U-SIG can be used to transmit 26 bits of information. For example, each symbol of U-SIG may be transmitted and received based on 52 data tones and 4 pilot tones.

Through the U-SIG (or U-SIG field), for example, A-bit information (eg, 52 un-coded bits) may be transmitted, and the first symbol of U-SIG is the first of the total A-bit information. X-bit information (eg, 26 un-coded bits) is transmitted, and the second symbol of U-SIG can transmit remaining Y-bit information (eg, 26 un-coded bits) of the total A-bit information. have. For example, the transmitting STA may acquire 26 un-coded bits included in each U-SIG symbol. The transmitting STA may generate a 52-coded bit by performing convolutional encoding (ie, BCC encoding) based on a rate of R=1/2, and may perform interleaving on the 52-coded bit. The transmitting STA may generate 52 BPSK symbols allocated to each U-SIG symbol by performing BPSK modulation on the interleaved 52-coded bits. One U-SIG symbol may be transmitted based on 56 tones (subcarriers) from subcarrier index -28 to subcarrier index +28, excluding DC index 0. 52 BPSK symbols generated by the transmitting STA may be transmitted based on the remaining tones (subcarriers) excluding the pilot tones -21, -7, +7, and +21 tones.

For example, A-bit information (e.g., 52 un-coded bits) transmitted by U-SIG is a CRC field (e.g., a 4-bit long field) and a tail field (e.g., a 6-bit long field). ) Can be included. The CRC field and the tail field may be transmitted through the second symbol of U-SIG. The CRC field may be generated based on 26 bits allocated to the first symbol of U-SIG and the remaining 16 bits excluding the CRC/tail field in the second symbol, and may be generated based on a conventional CRC calculation algorithm. I can. In addition, the tail field may be used to terminate trellis of a convolutional decoder, and may be set to “000000”, for example.

A bit information (eg, 52 un-coded bits) transmitted by U-SIG (or U-SIG field) may be divided into version-independent bits and version-dependent bits. For example, the size of version-independent bits may be fixed or variable. For example, version-independent bits may be allocated only to the first symbol of U-SIG, or version-independent bits may be allocated to both the first symbol and the second symbol of U-SIG. For example, version-independent bits and version-dependent bits may be referred to by various names such as a first control bit and a second control bit.

For example, the version-independent bits of U-SIG may include a 3-bit PHY version identifier. For example, the 3-bit PHY version identifier may include information related to the PHY version of the transmission/reception PPDU. For example, the first value of the 3-bit PHY version identifier may indicate that the transmission/reception PPDU is an EHT PPDU. In other words, when transmitting the EHT PPDU, the transmitting STA may set a 3-bit PHY version identifier as the first value. In other words, the receiving STA may determine that the received PPDU is an EHT PPDU based on the PHY version identifier having the first value.

For example, the version-independent bits of U-SIG may include a 1-bit UL/DL flag field. The first value of the 1-bit UL/DL flag field is related to UL communication, and the second value of the UL/DL flag field is related to DL communication.

For example, the version-independent bits of U-SIG may include information on the length of TXOP and information on the BSS color ID.

For example, when the EHT PPDU is classified into various types (e.g., EHT PPDU supporting SU, EHT PPDU supporting MU, EHT PPDU related to Trigger Frame, EHT PPDU related to Extended Range transmission, etc.) , Information on the type of the EHT PPDU may be included in version-dependent bits of U-SIG.

For example, the U-SIG includes 1) a bandwidth field including information on the bandwidth, 2) a field including information on the MCS technique applied to the EHT-SIG, and 3) dual subcarrier modulation in the EHT-SIG. An indication field containing information related to whether or not subcarrier modulation (DCM) technique is applied, 4) A field containing information about the number of symbols used for EHT-SIG, 5) EHT-SIG is generated over the entire band It may include a field including information on whether or not, 6) a field including information on the type of EHT-LTF/STF, and 7) information on a field indicating the length of the EHT-LTF and the CP length.

Preamble puncturing may be applied to the PPDU of FIG. 18. Preamble puncturing refers to applying puncturing to some bands (eg, Secondary 20 MHz band) among the entire bands of the PPDU. For example, when an 80 MHz PPDU is transmitted, the STA may apply puncture to the secondary 20 MHz band of the 80 MHz band, and transmit the PPDU only through the primary 20 MHz band and the secondary 40 MHz band.

For example, the pattern of preamble puncturing may be set in advance. For example, when the first puncturing pattern is applied, puncturing may be applied only to a secondary 20 MHz band within an 80 MHz band. For example, when the second puncturing pattern is applied, puncturing may be applied to only one of two secondary 20 MHz bands included in the secondary 40 MHz band within the 80 MHz band. For example, when the third puncturing pattern is applied, puncturing may be applied only to the secondary 20 MHz band included in the primary 80 MHz band within the 160 MHz band (or 80+80 MHz band). For example, when the fourth puncturing pattern is applied, the primary 40 MHz band included in the primary 80 MHz band within the 160 MHz band (or 80+80 MHz band) is present and does not belong to the primary 40 MHz band. Puncturing may be applied to at least one 20 MHz channel that does not exist.

Information on preamble puncturing applied to the PPDU may be included in U-SIG and/or EHT-SIG. For example, a first field of U-SIG may contain information on a contiguous bandwidth of a PPDU, and a second field of U-SIG may contain information on preamble puncturing applied to a PPDU. have.

For example, U-SIG and EHT-SIG may include information on preamble puncturing based on the following method. When the bandwidth of the PPDU exceeds 80 MHz, the U-SIG can be individually configured in units of 80 MHz. For example, when the bandwidth of the PPDU is 160 MHz, the PPDU may include a first U-SIG for a first 80 MHz band and a second U-SIG for a second 80 MHz band. In this case, the first field of the first U-SIG includes information on the 160 MHz bandwidth, and the second field of the first U-SIG is information on preamble puncturing applied to the first 80 MHz band (i.e., preamble Information about puncturing patterns) may be included. In addition, the first field of the second U-SIG includes information on a 160 MHz bandwidth, and the second field of the second U-SIG is information on preamble puncturing applied to the second 80 MHz band (ie, preamble puncturing). Information on the processing pattern) may be included. Meanwhile, the EHT-SIG continuing to the first U-SIG may include information on preamble puncturing applied to the second 80 MHz band (ie, information on preamble puncturing pattern), and in the second U-SIG Consecutive EHT-SIG may include information on preamble puncturing applied to the first 80 MHz band (ie, information on preamble puncturing pattern).

Additionally or alternatively, U-SIG and EHT-SIG may include information on preamble puncturing based on the following method. The U-SIG may include information on preamble puncturing for all bands (that is, information on preamble puncturing pattern). That is, the EHT-SIG does not include information on preamble puncturing, and only U-SIG may include information on preamble puncturing (ie, information on preamble puncturing pattern).

U-SIG can be configured in units of 20 MHz. For example, when an 80 MHz PPDU is configured, U-SIG can be duplicated. That is, the same four U-SIGs may be included in the 80 MHz PPDU. PPDUs exceeding the 80 MHz bandwidth may contain different U-SIGs.

The EHT-SIG of FIG. 18 may include the technical features of HE-SIG-B shown in the example of FIGS. 8 to 9 as it is. The EHT-SIG may be referred to by various names such as a second SIG field, a second SIG, a second type SIG, a control signal, a control signal field, and a second (type) control signal.

The EHT-SIG may include N-bit information (eg, 1-bit information) regarding whether the EHT-PPDU supports the SU mode or the MU mode.

EHT-SIG can be configured based on various MCS techniques. As described above, information related to the MCS technique applied to the EHT-SIG may be included in the U-SIG. The EHT-SIG can be configured based on the DCM technique. For example, of the N data tones (e.g., 52 data tones) allocated for EHT-SIG, the first modulation technique is applied to half of the continuous tones, and the second modulation is applied to the remaining half of the tones. The technique can be applied. In other words, the transmitting STA modulates specific control information with a first symbol based on the first modulation technique and allocates it to a continuous half tone, modulates the same control information with a second symbol based on the second modulation technique, and It can be assigned to half of the tone. As described above, information related to whether the DCM technique is applied to the EHT-SIG (eg, a 1-bit field) may be included in the U-SIG. The EHT-STF of FIG. 18 may be used to improve automatic gain control estimation in a multiple input multiple output (MIMO) environment or an OFDMA environment. The EHT-LTF of FIG. 18 may be used to estimate a channel in a MIMO environment or an OFDMA environment.

The EHT-STF of FIG. 18 may be set in various types. For example, the first type of STF (that is, 1x STF) may be generated based on a first type STF sequence in which non-zero coefficients are arranged at 16 subcarrier intervals. The STF signal generated based on the first type STF sequence may have a period of 0.8 μs, and the 0.8 μs period signal may be repeated 5 times to become a first type STF having a length of 4 μs. For example, the second type of STF (that is, 2x STF) may be generated based on a second type STF sequence in which non-zero coefficients are arranged at 8 subcarrier intervals. The STF signal generated based on the second type STF sequence may have a period of 1.6 μs, and the 1.6 μs period signal may be repeated 5 times to become a second type EHT-STF having a length of 8 μs. Hereinafter, an example of a sequence (ie, an EHT-STF sequence) for configuring the EHT-STF is presented. The following sequence can be modified in various ways.

The EHT-STF may be configured based on the following M sequence.

M = {-1, -1, -1, 1, 1, 1, -1, 1, 1, 1, -1, 1, 1, -1, 1}

EHT-STF for 20 MHz PPDU may be configured based on the following equation. The following example may be a first type (ie, 1x STF) sequence. For example, the first type sequence may be included in an EHT-PPDU other than a trigger-based (TB) PPDU. In the following equation, (a:b:c) may mean a section defined as a b tone interval (ie, subcarrier interval) from a tone index (ie, subcarrier index) to c tone index. For example, Equation 2 below may represent a sequence defined by 16 tone intervals from the tone index -112 to the 112 index. Since subcarrier spacing of 78.125 kHz is applied to the EHT-STF, 16 tone intervals may mean that EHT-STF coefficients (or elements) are arranged at 78.125 * 16 = 1250 kHz intervals. Also, * means multiplication and sqrt() means square root. In addition, j means an imaginary number.

EHT-STF(-112:16:112) = {M}*(1 + j)/sqrt(2)

EHT-STF(0) = 0

EHT-STF for 40 MHz PPDU may be configured based on the following equation. The following example may be a first type (ie, 1x STF) sequence.

EHT-STF(-240:16:240) = {M, 0, -M}*(1 + j)/sqrt(2)

EHT-STF for the 80 MHz PPDU may be configured based on the following equation. The following example may be a first type (ie, 1x STF) sequence.

EHT-STF(-496:16:496) = (M, 1, -M, 0, -M, 1, -M}*(1 + j)/sqrt(2)

The EHT-STF for 160 MHz PPDU may be configured based on the following equation. The following example may be a first type (ie, 1x STF) sequence.

EHT-STF(-1008:16:1008) = (M, 1, -M, 0, -M, 1, -M, 0, -M, -1, M, 0, -M, 1, -M} *(1 + j)/sqrt(2)

The sequence for the lower 80 MHz of the EHT-STF for the 80+80 MHz PPDU may be the same as in Equation 4. A sequence for an upper 80 MHz among EHT-STFs for an 80+80 MHz PPDU may be configured based on the following equation.

EHT-STF(-496:16:496) = {-M, -1, M, 0, -M, 1, -M}*(1 + j)/sqrt(2)

Equations 7 to 11 below relate to an example of a second type (ie, 2x STF) sequence.

EHT-STF(-120:8:120) = (M, 0, -M}*(1 + j)/sqrt(2)

EHT-STF for 40 MHz PPDU may be configured based on the following equation.

EHT-STF(-248:8:248) = (M, -1, -M, 0, M, -1, M}*(1 + j)/sqrt(2)

EHT-STF(-248) = 0

EHT-STF(248) = 0

EHT-STF for the 80 MHz PPDU may be configured based on the following equation.

EHT-STF(-504:8:504) = (M, -1, M, -1, -M, -1, M, 0, -M, 1, M, 1, -M, 1, -M} *(1 + j)/sqrt(2)

The EHT-STF for 160 MHz PPDU may be configured based on the following equation.

EHT-STF(-1016:16:1016) = (M, -1, M, -1, -M, -1, M, 0, -M, 1, M, 1, -M, 1, -M, 0, -M, 1, -M, 1, M, 1, -M, 0, -M, 1, M, 1, -M, 1, -M}*(1 + j)/sqrt(2)

EHT-STF(-8)=0, EHT-STF(8)=0,

EHT-STF(-1016)=0, EHT-STF(1016)=0

The sequence for the lower 80 MHz of the EHT-STF for the 80+80 MHz PPDU may be the same as in Equation 9. A sequence for an upper 80 MHz among EHT-STFs for an 80+80 MHz PPDU may be configured based on the following equation.

EHT-STF(-504:8:504) = {-M, 1, -M, 1, M, 1, -M, 0, -M, 1, M, 1, -M, 1, -M}* (1 + j)/sqrt(2)

EHT-STF(-504)=0,

EHT-STF(504)=0

The EHT-LTF may have first, second, and third types (ie, 1x, 2x, 4x LTF). For example, the first/second/third type LTF may be generated based on an LTF sequence in which a non-zero coefficient is arranged at 4/2/1 subcarrier intervals. The first/second/third type LTF may have a time length of 3.2/6.4/12.8 μs. In addition, GIs of various lengths (eg, 0.8/1/6/3.2 μs) may be applied to the first/second/third type LTF.

Information on the type of STF and/or LTF (including information on GI applied to the LTF) may be included in the SIG A field and/or the SIG B field of FIG. 18.

The PPDU of FIG. 18 (ie, EHT-PPDU) may be configured based on the examples of FIGS. 5 and 6.

For example, an EHT PPDU transmitted on a 20 MHz band, that is, a 20 MHz EHT PPDU may be configured based on the RU of FIG. 5. That is, the location of the EHT-STF, EHT-LTF, and RU of the data field included in the EHT PPDU may be determined as shown in FIG. 5.

The EHT PPDU transmitted on the 40 MHz band, that is, the 40 MHz EHT PPDU may be configured based on the RU of FIG. 6. That is, the location of the EHT-STF, EHT-LTF, and RU of the data field included in the EHT PPDU may be determined as shown in FIG. 6.

Since the RU position of FIG. 6 corresponds to 40 MHz, if the pattern of FIG. 6 is repeated twice, a tone-plan for 80 MHz may be determined. That is, the 80 MHz EHT PPDU may be transmitted based on a new tone-plan in which the RU of FIG. 6 is repeated twice, not the RU of FIG. 7.

When the pattern of FIG. 6 is repeated twice, 23 tones (ie, 11 guard tones + 12 guard tones) may be configured in the DC region. That is, a tone-plan for an 80 MHz EHT PPDU allocated based on OFDMA may have 23 DC tones. In contrast, the 80 MHz EHT PPDU (i.e., non-OFDMA full bandwidth 80 MHz PPDU) allocated on the basis of Non-OFDMA is configured based on 996 RU and consists of 5 DC tones, 12 left guard tones, and 11 right guard tones. It may include.

The tone-plan for 160/240/320 MHz may be configured in a form of repeating the pattern of FIG. 6 several times.

The PPDU of FIG. 18 may be determined (or identified) as an EHT PPDU based on the following method.

The receiving STA may determine the type of the received PPDU as the EHT PPDU based on the following items. For example, 1) the first symbol after the L-LTF signal of the received PPDU is BPSK, 2) RL-SIG where the L-SIG of the received PPDU is repeated is detected, and 3) the length of the L-SIG of the received PPDU When the result of applying “modulo 3” to the field value is detected as “0”, the received PPDU may be determined as an EHT PPDU. When the received PPDU is determined to be an EHT PPDU, the receiving STA is the type of the EHT PPDU (e.g., SU/MU/Trigger-based/Extended Range type) based on bit information included in the symbol after RL-SIG of FIG. ) Can be detected. In other words, the receiving STA is 1) the first symbol after the L-LTF signal, which is BSPK, 2) RL-SIG that is consecutive to the L-SIG field and is the same as L-SIG, 3) the result of applying “modulo 3” L-SIG including a Length field set to 0”, and 4) a received PPDU based on a 3-bit PHY version identifier (eg, a PHY version identifier having a first value) of the aforementioned U-SIG. It can be judged as an EHT PPDU.

For example, the receiving STA may determine the type of the received PPDU as an HE PPDU based on the following. For example, 1) the first symbol after the L-LTF signal is BPSK, 2) RL-SIG repeating L-SIG is detected, and 3) “modulo 3” is applied to the length value of L-SIG. When the result is detected as “1” or “2”, the received PPDU may be determined as an HE PPDU.

For example, the receiving STA may determine the type of the received PPDU as non-HT, HT, and VHT PPDU based on the following items. For example, if 1) the first symbol after the L-LTF signal is BPSK, and 2) the L-SIG repeating RL-SIG is not detected, the received PPDU will be determined as non-HT, HT and VHT PPDU. I can. In addition, even if the receiving STA detects the repetition of RL-SIG, if the result of applying “modulo 3” to the length value of L-SIG is detected as “0”, the receiving PPDU is non-HT, HT and VHT PPDU. It can be judged as.

In the following example, (transmit/receive/uplink/downward) signal, (transmit/receive/uplink/downlink) frame, (transmit/receive/uplink/downlink) packet, (transmit/receive/uplink/downlink) data unit, ( A signal displayed as transmission/reception/up/down) data may be a signal transmitted/received based on the PPDU of FIG. 18. The PPDU of FIG. 18 may be used to transmit and receive various types of frames. For example, the PPDU of FIG. 18 may be used for a control frame. An example of a control frame may include request to send (RTS), clear to send (CTS), Power Save-Poll (PS-Poll), BlockACKReq, BlockAck, NDP (Null Data Packet) announcement, and Trigger Frame. For example, the PPDU of FIG. 18 may be used for a management frame. An example of a management frame may include a Beacon frame, (Re-)Association Request frame, (Re-)Association Response frame, Probe Request frame, and Probe Response frame. For example, the PPDU of FIG. 18 may be used for a data frame. For example, the PPDU of FIG. 18 may be used to simultaneously transmit at least two or more of a control frame, a management frame, and a data frame.

Each of the devices/STAs of sub-drawings (a)/(b) of FIG. 1 may be modified as shown in FIG. The transceiver 630 of FIG. 19 may be the same as the

transceivers

113 and 123 of FIG. 1. The transceiver 630 of FIG. 19 may include a receiver and a transmitter.

The processor 610 of FIG. 19 may be the same as the

processors

111 and 121 of FIG. 1. Alternatively, the processor 610 of FIG. 19 may be the same as the

processing chips

114 and 124 of FIG. 1.

The memory 150 of FIG. 19 may be the same as the

memories

112 and 122 of FIG. 1. Alternatively, the memory 150 of FIG. 19 may be a separate external memory different from the

memories

112 and 122 of FIG. 1.

Referring to FIG. 19, the power management module 611 manages power for the processor 610 and/or the transceiver 630. The battery 612 supplies power to the power management module 611. The display 613 outputs a result processed by the processor 610. Keypad 614 receives input to be used by processor 610. The keypad 614 may be displayed on the display 613. The SIM card 615 may be an integrated circuit used to securely store an IMSI (international mobile subscriber identity) used to identify and authenticate a subscriber in a mobile phone device such as a mobile phone and a computer and a key associated therewith. .

Referring to FIG. 19, the speaker 640 may output a sound-related result processed by the processor 610. The microphone 641 may receive a sound-related input to be used by the processor 610.

20 shows a band plan of 5.9GHz DSRC.

The 5.9 GHz DSRC is a short to medium distance communication service that supports both public safety and private work in vehicles and vehicle-to-vehicle communication environments on the road. DSRC is intended to complement cellular communication by providing a very high data transmission rate in a situation where it is important to minimize the latency of a communication link and separate a relatively small communication area. In addition, the PHY and MAC protocols are based on the IEEE 802.11p amendment for wireless access in the vehicle environment (WAVE).

802.11p uses the 802.11a PHY by 2x down clocking. That is, the signal is transmitted using 10MHz bandwidth, not 20MHz bandwidth. The numerology comparing 802.11a and 802.11p is as follows.

There are a control channel and a service channel in the DSRC band channel, and data transmission of 3,4.5,6,9,12,18,24,27 Mbps is possible respectively. If there is an option channel of 20MHz, transmission of 6,9,12,18,24,36,48,54 Mbps is possible. 6,9,12 Mbps must be supported in all services and channels. In the case of the control channel, the preamble is 3 Mbps, but the message itself is 6 Mbps.

Channels

174 and 176, and

channels

180 and 182 are channels 175 and 181 at 20 MHz, respectively, if licensed by the frequency coordinating authority. The rest is reserved for future use. It broadcasts short messages, notification data, public safety alarm data, etc. to all OBUs (On Board Units) through the control channel. The reason for separating the control channel and the service channel is to maximize efficiency and service quality and reduce interference between services.

Channel 178 is a control channel, and all OBUs automatically search for the control channel and receive notification, data transmission, and warning messages from RSU (Road Side Unit). All data on the control channel must be transmitted within 200ms and is repeated at a predefined period. In the control channel, public safety alerts take precedence over all private messages. Private messages larger than 200ms are transmitted over the service channel.

Private messages or long public safety messages are transmitted through the service channel. To prevent collision, a technique that detects the channel state before transmission (Carrier Sense Multiple Access: CSMA) is used.

The following defines EDCA parameters in OCB (Outside Context of BSS) mode. OCB mode means a state in which direct communication between nodes is possible without a procedure associated with an AP. The following shows a set of basic EDCA parameters for STA operation when dot11OCBActivated is true.

The characteristics of OCB mode are as follows.

1. In the MAC header, the To/From DS fields may be set to '0'.

2. Address and related fields

-Individual or a group destination MAC address can be used.

-The BSSID field may be the same as the wildcard BSSID. (BSSID field=wildcard BSSID)

-In Data/Management frame, Address 1 may be RA, Address 2 may be TA, and Address 3 may be wildcard BSSID.

3. IEEE 802.11 standard authentication process, association process, or data confidentiality services may not be used.

4. TXOP limit can be set to '0'.

5. Only TC (TID) can be used.

6. The STA may not need to synchronize to the common clock or use this mechanism.

-The STA may maintain a timing synchronization function (TSF) timer for purposes other than synchronization.

7. The STA can transmit action frames, and when the STA maintains the TSF timer, it can transmit Timing Advertisement frames.

8. The STA may transmit a control frame excluding subtypes PS-Poll, CF-End, and CF-End + CFAck.

9. The STA may transmit data frames of subtype data, null, QoS data, and QoS null.

10. STAs with dot11OCBActivated true do not participate in or start BSS.

11p PPDU의 형식Format of 11p PPDU

21 shows the format of an 11p PPDU.

Referring to FIG. 21, an 802.11p standard frame (hereinafter, 11p PPDU 2100) may support vehicle-to-vehicle communication in a 5.9 GHz band. 11p PPDU (2100) is a SIG (or sync) including information on the STF (2110) for synchronization (or sync) and automatic gain control (AGC), the LTF (2120) for channel estimation, and/or the data field (2140) SIG field) 2130 may be included. The data field 2140 may be configured to include 16 bits constituting a service field.

The 11p PPDU 2100 may be configured by applying OFMDM numerology identical to the IEEE 802.11a standard for a 10 MHz bandwidth. For example, the IEEE 802.11p standard can be applied by 2x down clocking the OFDM numerology for a 20 MHz bandwidth according to the IEEE 802.11a standard. Accordingly, the symbol of the 11p PPDU 2100 may be set longer than the symbol of the frame (or PPDU) of the IEEE 802.11a standard. The symbol of the 11p PPDU 2100 may have a symbol duration of 8 μs. Accordingly, the 11p PPDU 2100 may have a length twice as long in terms of time than a frame according to the 802.11a standard.

NGV PPDU의 형식Format of NGV PPDU

In the following, technical features capable of providing interoperability of a plurality of systems may be proposed. For example, a plurality of systems are proposed systems (IEEE 802.11bd standard) and/or existing systems to support throughput enhancement, coverage extension, and/or high speed for V2X (Vehicle-to-Everything) in the 5.9 GHz band. A DSRC system based on the IEEE 802.11p standard may be included.

In order to smoothly support V2X in the 5.9 GHz band, a technology for NGV considering DSRC throughput improvement and high speed support is being developed. 22 to 24 show a frame (hereinafter, NGV PPDU) format according to the IEEE 802.11bd standard.

The NGV PPDU described below may include a preamble, a data field continuous to the preamble, and a midamble continuous to the data field. In addition, the NGV PPDU may include an additional data field consecutive to the midamble. The number of symbols or periods of the midamble in the NGV PPDU can be variously set. For example, the preamble of the NGV PPDU may include L-STF, L-LTF, L-SIG, RL-SIG, NGV-SIG, RNGV-SIG, NGV-STF and/or NGV-LTF. The NGV midamble can be configured in the same format as the NGV-LTF. The aforementioned L-SIG, RL-SIG, NGV-SIG, and/or RNGV-SIG may be referred to as an L-SIG field, an RL-SIG field, an NGV-SIG field, and/or an RNGV-SIG field, respectively.

22 shows an example of the format of an NGV PPDU.

Referring to FIG. 22, an IEEE 802.11bd standard may be proposed to improve throughput and extend coverage compared to the IEEE 802.11p standard. That is, when an IEEE 802.11bd standard PPDU (e.g., NGV PPDU (2200)) is used, the IEEE 802.11p standard PPDU (e.g., 11p PPDU 2100 in FIG. 21) is used. There is an effect of improving throughput and extending coverage.

The NGV PPDU 2200 may be configured with 10 MHz. The NGV PPDU 2200 may include an 11p PPDU preamble (ie, L-STF, L-LTF or L-SIG) for backward compatibility or interoperability with the IEEE 802.11p standard. . That is, since the preamble of the 11p PPDU is included in the NGV PPDU 2200, there is an effect of ensuring backward compatibility or interoperability with the IEEE 802.11p standard. For example, the NGV PPDU 2200 may include an L-STF 2210, an L-LTF 2220 and/or an L-SIG 2230. For example, the L-STF 2210, the L-LTF 2220, and/or the L-SIG 2230 may be located at the front of the NGV PPDU 2200. In other words, the L-STF 2210, L-LTF 2220, and/or L-SIG 2230 may be transmitted/received first when the NGV PPDU 2200 is transmitted.

The NGV PPDU 2200 may include the RL-SIG 2240. The RL-SIG 2240 may be configured such that the L-SIG 2230 is repeated. The RL-SIG 2240 may include the same information field as the L-SIG 2230 and may be modulated (eg, BPSK) in the same manner as the L-SIG 2230. The RL-SIG 2240 may be contiguous with the L-SIG 2230. L-SIG (2230) followed by RL-SIG (2240) repeating the L-SIG (2230) is included in the NGV PPDU (2200), RL-SIG (2240) (or L-SIG (2230)) There is an effect that can increase reliability.

The NGV PPDU 2200 may include symbols constituting NGV-SIG 2250, NGV-STF 2260, and NGV-LTF 2270 including control information for the NGV standard, and NGV-data 2280. have. The NGV-SIG 2250, NGV-STF 2260, NGV-LTF 2270, and/or NGV-data 2280 may be located after the RL-SIG 2240.

According to an embodiment, the NGV PPDU 2200 may be configured to include at least one of the NGV-STF 2260 and the NGV-LTF 2270. According to an embodiment, the NGV PPDU 2200 may be configured not to include the NGV-STF 2260 and the NGV-LTF 2270.

According to an embodiment, the NGV part (eg, NGV-STF 2260, NGV-LTF 2270, and NGV-data 2280) may be composed of symbols having the same symbol length as 11p PPDU. For example, one symbol length (or duration) of the NGV part may be set to 8 μs. That is, the subcarrier spacing of the NGV part may be set to 156.25 kHz.

23 shows the format of an NGV PPDU for 10 MHz transmission.

Referring to FIG. 23, for backward compatibility or interoperability with the IEEE 802.11p standard, the NGV PPDU 2300 is a field of a frame (hereinafter 11p PPDU) according to the IEEE 802.11p standard (i.e., L -STF, L-LTF and/or L-SIG). For example, the NGV PPDU 2300 may include an L-STF 2310, an L-LTF 2320, or an L-SIG 2330. Additionally, the NGV PPDU may include RL-SIG (2340), NGV-SIG (2350), RNGV-SIG (2360), NGV-STF (2370), NGV-LTF (2380) and/or NGV Data (2390). I can.

The RL-SIG 2340 may be contiguous with the L-SIG 2330. The RL-SIG 2340 may be a field in which the L-SIG 2330 is repeated. In other words, the RL-SIG 2340 may include the same information field as the L-SIG 2330 and may be modulated (eg, BPSK) in the same manner as the L-SIG 2330.

The NGV-SIG 2350 may be related to transmission information. For example, the NGV-SIG 2350 may include transmission information. For example, the NGV-SIG 2350 may be set to 24 bits. For example, the NGV-SIG 2350 includes information about a physical layer (PHY) version, information about a bandwidth, information about an MCS, information about the number of spatial streams, information about a midamble periodicity, LTF It may include information about the format, information about the LDPC Extra OFDM Symbol, information about the CRC, and/or information about the tail bit. BCC encoding based on a coding rate of 1/2 may be applied to the NGV-SIG 2350.

The RNGV-SIG 2360 may be contiguous with the NGV-SIG 2350. The RNGV-SIG 2360 may be a field in which the NGV-SIG 2350 is repeated. In other words, the RNGV-SIG 2360 may include the same information field as the NGV-SIG 2350 and may be modulated (eg, BPSK) in the same manner as the NGV-SIG 2350.

The NGV-STF 2370 can be configured by downclocking a 20MHz VHT-STF according to the IEEE 802.11ac standard by 2x. The NGV-LTF 2380 can be configured by downclocking 20MHz VHT-LTF according to the IEEE 802.11ac standard by 2x.

The NGV-LTF 2380 may be set in at least one LTF format. For example, the NGV-LTF 2380 may be set to one of the NGV-LTF-1x format, the NGV-LTF-2x format, or the repeated NGV-LTF-2x format. Information about the LTF format used in the NGV-LTF 2380 may be included in the NGV-SIG 2350.

For example, the NGV-LTF-2x format may be set as a default format. As another example, the NGV-LTF-1x format may be used for highly efficient transmission of one spatial stream. As another example, the repeated NGV-LTF-2x format may be used for extended range transmissions. The repeated NGV-LTF-2x format can be configured by repeating a 1.6 μs pre-append NGV-LTF-2x format symbol excluding one CP (cyclic prefix) and GI (guad interval). have. The repeated NGV-LTF-2x format can be used when DCM (dual carrier modulation) and BPSK modulation are applied to NGV data (2390). For example, when DCM (dual carrier modulation) and BPSK modulation are applied to NGV data (2390), repeated NGV-LTF-2x, regardless of information about the LTF format included in NGV-SIG (2350). The format can be used/applied to NGV-LTF (2380).

For example, in 10 MHz transmission, a sequence of NGV-LTF-1x format may be set as shown in Equation 12.

For example, in 10 MHz transmission, a sequence of NGV-LTF-2x format may be set as shown in Equation 13.

In Equation 13, LTF_left and LTF_right may be set as in Equation 14.

The NGV data 2390 may include a service field, PHY pad bits, and/or PSDU.

Although not shown, the NGV PPDU 2300 may include a midamble continuing to the NGV data 2390. In addition, the NGV PPDU 2300 may include an additional data field consecutive to the midamble.

The midamble may be used to perform additional channel estimation. That is, the midamble has an effect of reducing the influence of the Doppler shift.

The midamble may be inserted/configured in the NGV PPDU 2300 at a specified period. Information about the designated period may be included in the NGV-SIG 2350. For example, the NGV-SIG 2350 may include information on a midamble periodicity. The midamble periodicity may be set to one of 4, 8 or 16. For example, when the midamble periodicity is set to 4, the NGV PPDU 2300 may include a midamble for every 4 data symbols.

The midamble may be set in the same format (or format) as the NGV-LTF 2380. For example, the midamble may be set to one of NGV-LTF-1x format, NGV-LTF-2x format, or repeated NGV-LTF-2x format. Information on the LTF format used for the midamble may be included in the NGV-SIG 2350.

24 shows the format of an NGV PPDU for 20 MHz transmission.

Referring to FIG. 24, the NGV PPDU 2400 may be configured with 20 MHz. NGV PPDU(2400) is L-STF(2410), L-LTF(2420), L-SIG (2430), RL-SIG(2440), NGV-SIG(2450), RNGV-SIG(2460), NGV- STF 2470, NGV-LTF 2480, and/or NGV Data 2490 may be included.

L-STF (2410), L-LTF (2420) or L-SIG (2430) may be configured by being duplicated in 10 MHz units. The L-STF 2410, L-LTF 2420, or L-SIG 2430 may be related to the L-STF 2310, L-LTF 2320, or L-SIG 2330 of FIG. 23.

According to an embodiment, the RL-SIG 2440, NGV-SIG 2450, or RNGV-SIG 2460 may also be duplicated in 10 MHz units. The RL-SIG 2440, NGV-SIG 2450, or RNGV-SIG 2460 may be related to RL-SIG 2340, NGV-SIG 2350, or RNGV-SIG 2360 of FIG. 23.

The NGV-STF 2470 can be configured by 2x down clocking the 40MHz VHT-STF according to the IEEE 802.11ac standard. The NGV-LTF 2480 can be configured by downclocking 40MHz VHT-LTF according to the IEEE 802.11ac standard by 2x.

The NGV-LTF 2480 may be set in at least one format. For example, the NGV-LTF 2480 may be set to one of the NGV-LTF-1x format, the NGV-LTF-2x format, or the repeated NGV-LTF-2x format.

For example, in 20 MHz transmission, a sequence of the NGV-LTF-1x format may be set as shown in Equation 15.

For example, in 20 MHz transmission, a sequence in the form of NGV-LTF-2x may be set as shown in Equation 16.

In Equation 16, LTF_left and LTF_right may refer to Equation 14.

The NGV data 2490 may include a service field, PHY pad bits, and/or PSDU. The NGV data 2490 may be related to the NGV data 2390 of FIG. 23.

Although not shown, similar to the NGV PPDU 2300 of FIG. 23, the NGV PPDU 2400 may include a midamble continuous to the NGV data 2490. In addition, the NGV PPDU 2400 may include an additional data field consecutive to the midamble.

Hereinafter, an example of the present specification relates to an NGV PPDU (or 11bd PPDU). The NGV PPDU can be used in various wireless communication systems, for example, in IEEE 802.11bd wireless LAN systems.

NGV PPDU can be called by various names. For example, the NGV PPDU may be referred to as an NGV frame, 11bd frame, 11bd PPDU, NGV signal, or the like. For another example, the NGV PPDU may be referred to by various names such as a first type PPDU, a transmission PPDU, a reception PPDU, and a WLAN PPDU. Hereinafter, for convenience of explanation, a frame of the IEEE 802.11bd standard may be referred to as an NGV PPDU. Also, a PPDU according to the IEEE 802.11p standard may be referred to as an 11p PPDU.

Similarly, STAs supporting the IEEE 802.11bd standard may be referred to by various names. For example, an STA supporting the IEEE 802.11bd standard may be referred to as an 11bd STA, an NGV STA, a transmitting STA, or a receiving STA. Hereinafter, for convenience of description, an STA supporting the IEEE 802.11bd standard may be referred to as an NGV STA. In addition, an STA supporting the IEEE 802.11p standard may be referred to as an 11p STA. In addition, the 5.9 GHz band may be variously expressed as an NGV band, a reception band, and a transmission band.

According to an embodiment, the NGV PPDU (or NGV signal) may be transmitted to support various modes (or transmission modes). For example, the NGV PPDU may be transmitted in one of two modes. As an example, one of the two modes may be a mode for high throughput. The other of the two modes may be a mode for coverage extension.

Based on the above-described mode, the format (or configuration) of the NGV PPDU may be different. For example, based on the above-described mode, the number of symbols allocated to the signal field and/or the MCS applied to the signal field may be changed. As described above, since the format of the NGV PPDU may be changed according to the mode of the NGV PPDU, it may be necessary to confirm the mode for the received signal from the reception side. Accordingly, hereinafter, technical features related to the mode indication for the NGV PPDU when transmitting/receiving the NGV PPDU (or NGV signal) may be proposed.

According to an embodiment, when NGV PPDUs configured as shown in FIGS. 22 to 24 are transmitted/received, the NGV STA may perform mode indication for the NGV PPDU through various methods.

제1 실시 예 Embodiment 1

According to the first embodiment, the NGV STA may indicate the mode of the NGV PPDU through phase rotation for RL-SIG and NGV-SIG.

A. The NGV STA may determine whether the received PPDU is an NGV PPDU or an 11p PPDU by using phase rotation (eg, constellation mapping) for RL-SIG. For example, in the NGV PPDU, the symbol may be configured by applying Q-BPSK constellation mapping to the RL-SIG symbol following the L-SIG. Therefore, the NGV STA can review the constellation of the symbol following the L-SIG. When the NGV STA recognizes the constellation of the symbol following the L-SIG as Q-BPSK, it may determine the received PPDU as the NGV PPDU.

25 shows constellation mapping of symbols next to L-SIG in 11p PPDU.

Referring to FIG. 25, the NGV STA may receive an 11p PPDU. The NGV STA can check the constellation mapping of the next symbol of the L-SIG. In 11p PPDU, BPSK (or BPSK constellation) may be applied to a symbol following the L-SIG. That is, the NGV STA can confirm that BPSK is applied to the symbol following the L-SIG. The NGV STA may confirm that the received PPDU is an 11p PPDU.

26 shows constellation mapping of symbols next to L-SIG in NGV PPDU.

Referring to FIG. 26, the NGV STA may receive an NGV PPDU. The NGV STA may check constellation mapping of a symbol (eg, RL-SIG) following the L-SIG. In the NGV PPDU, Q-BPSK (or Q-BPSK property) may be applied to a symbol following the L-SIG. The Q-BPSK constellation may be a constellation rotated by 90 degrees counterclockwise based on the BPSK constellation. That is, the NGV STA can confirm that Q-BPSK is applied to the symbol following the L-SIG. The NGV STA may confirm that the received PPDU is an NGV PPDU.

B. The classification of the mode (or transmission mode) of the NGV PPDU may be performed after it is determined whether Q-BPSK is applied to the RL-SIG. Classification of the mode (or transmission mode) of the NGV PPDU may be performed through a phase rotation check (ie, constellation mapping) for the NGV-SIG. For example, after the RL-SIG is determined as Q-BPSK, the mode may be determined as follows based on the phase rotation (ie, constellation mapping) of the NGV-SIG.

B-i) Based on the constellation mapping of NGV-SIG, the mode of the NGV PPDU may be set as follows.

B-i)-a. Case 1

According to an embodiment, based on the constellation mapping of the NGV-SIG, the mode of the NGV PPDU may be set as shown in Table 7.

Referring to Table 7, when constellation mapping of NGV-SIG is BPSK, the NGV PPDU may be set as a mode for high throughput. When the constellation mapping of NGV-SIG is Q-BPSK, the NGV PPDU may be set as a mode for coverage extension.

B-i)-b. Case 2

According to an embodiment, based on the constellation mapping of NGV-SIG, the mode of the NGV PPDU may be set as shown in Table 8.

Referring to Table 8, when constellation mapping of NGV-SIG is Q-BPSK, NGV PPDU may be set as a mode for high throughput. When constellation mapping of NGV-SIG is BPSK, the NGV PPDU may be set as a mode for coverage extension.

C. In the above-described embodiment, determination on the NGV PPDU and the mode are performed in units of one symbol. In the following embodiment, by using constellation mapping for two symbols (eg, RL-SIG and NGV-SIG) following the L-SIG, determination of the NGV PPDU and determination of the mode may be performed. .

C-i) For example, based on a combination of Q-BPSK and BPSK, Q-BPSK and Q-BPSK, indications for NGV PPDU and mode may be performed.

C-i)-1. Case 1

C-i)-1-a. In the mode for high throughput of the NGV PPDU, the properties of the two symbols (eg, RL-SIG and NGV-SIG) following the L-SIG may be set to Q-BPSK and BPSK, respectively. In other words, Q-BPSK may be applied to the first symbol after the L-SIG. BPSK may be applied to the second symbol after the L-SIG. Constellations of the first symbol and the second symbol following the L-SIG may be described in FIGS. 27 and 28.

27 shows the properties of the first symbol following the L-SIG.

28 shows the constellation of the second symbol following the L-SIG.

27 and 28, the first symbol following the L-SIG may be set to Q-BPSK. The second symbol following L-SIG may be set to BPSK. In other words, Q-BPSK may be applied to the first symbol following the L-SIG. BPSK can be applied to the second symbol following the L-SIG. That is, the NGV STA can confirm that Q-BPSK is applied to the first symbol after the L-SIG of the received PPDU, and BPSK is applied to the second symbol after the L-SIG. The NGV STA may confirm that the received PPDU is an NGV PPDU, and the received PPDU is a mode for high throughput.

C-i)-1-b. In the mode for coverage extension of the NGV PPDU, two symbols following the L-SIG (eg, RL-SIG and NGV-SIG) may be set to Q-BPSK and Q-BPSK, respectively. Constellations of the first symbol and the second symbol after the L-SIG may be described in FIGS. 29 and 30.

29 shows the properties of the first symbol following the L-SIG.

30 shows the properties of a second symbol following L-SIG.

29 and 30, the first symbol following the L-SIG may be set to Q-BPSK. The second symbol following the L-SIG may also be set to Q-BPSK. In other words, Q-BPSK may be applied to the first symbol following the L-SIG. Q-BPSK may also be applied to the second symbol following the L-SIG. That is, the NGV STA can confirm that Q-BPSK is applied to the first symbol after the L-SIG of the received PPDU, and Q-BPSK is applied to the second symbol after the L-SIG. The NGV STA may confirm that the received PPDU is an NGV PPDU, and the mode of the received PPDU is a mode for coverage extension.

C-i)-2. Case 2

C-i)-2-a. In the mode for high throughput of the NGV PPDU, two symbols following the L-SIG (eg, RL-SIG and NGV-SIG) may be set to Q-BPSK and Q-BPSK, respectively. For example, the first symbol following the L-SIG may be set to Q-BPSK. The second symbol following the L-SIG may also be set to Q-BPSK. In other words, Q-BPSK may be applied to the first symbol following the L-SIG. Q-BPSK may also be applied to the second symbol following the L-SIG.

C-i)-2-b. In the mode for coverage extension of the NGV PPDU, two symbols following the L-SIG (eg, RL-SIG and NGV-SIG) may be set to Q-BPSK and BPSK, respectively. For example, the first symbol following the L-SIG may be set to Q-BPSK. The second symbol following the L-SIG may be set to BPSK. In other words, Q-BPSK may be applied to the first symbol following the L-SIG. BPSK can be applied to the second symbol following the L-SIG.

제2 실시 예 Second embodiment

Unlike the first embodiment, according to the second embodiment, based on a repetition check for L-SIG and a phase rotation check for NGV-SIG, determination on NGV PPDU and determination on mode may be performed. When transmitting the NGV PPDU, the NGV-STA may apply Q-BPSK to the NGV-SIG based on the mode of the NGV PPDU.

A. For example, in a mode for high throughput, Q-BPSK may be applied to NGV-SIG. In addition, in the mode for coverage extension, BPSK may be applied to NGV-SIG.

B. When receiving a frame (or signal), the NGV STA may determine whether the RL-SIG exists through L-SIG repetition check. If the NGV STA determines that the RL-SIG exists, it may perform a phase rotation check (ie, constellation mapping check) for the next symbol, that is, NGV-SIG. The NGV STA may determine the mode (or transmission mode) of the NGV PPDU based on the phase rotation check for the NGV-SIG.

B-i) For example, the NGV STA may perform mode indication as in Case 1 and Case 2 below, depending on whether the NGV-SIG is applied with Q-BPSK.

B-i)-1. Case 1

According to an embodiment, the NGV STA may perform a mode indication as shown in Table 9 according to whether the NGV-SIG applies Q-BPSK.

Referring to Table 9, when constellation mapping of NGV-SIG is BPSK, NGV PPDU may be set as a mode for high throughput. When the constellation mapping of NGV-SIG is Q-BPSK, the NGV PPDU may be set as a mode for coverage extension.

B-i)-1. Case 2

According to an embodiment, the NGV STA may perform a mode indication as shown in Table 10 according to whether the NGV-SIG is applied with Q-BPSK.

Referring to Table 10, when constellation mapping of NGV-SIG is BPSK, NGV PPDU may be set as a mode for high throughput. When the constellation mapping of NGV-SIG is Q-BPSK, the NGV PPDU may be set as a mode for coverage extension.

31 is a flowchart illustrating an operation of a transmitting STA.

Referring to FIG. 31, in step S3110, a mode (or transmission mode) of an NGV PPDU of a transmitting STA may be determined. According to an embodiment, the NGV PPDU may be transmitted in two modes. The NGV PPDU may be configured in different frame formats based on the mode of the NGV PPDU. For example, in the NGV PPDU, fields of the NGV PPDU may be configured differently based on the mode of the NGV PPDU. For example, the two modes may include a mode for high throughput and a mode for coverage extension. The transmitting STA may determine the mode of the NGV PPDU as one of a mode for high throughput and a mode for coverage extension.

In step S3120, the transmitting STA may configure a preamble including RL-SIG and NGV-SIG. The transmitting STA may configure an NGV PPDU. The NGV PPDU may include a preamble, and the preamble may include RL-SIG and NGV-SIG. The NGV PPDU may be related to the NGV PPDU shown in FIGS. 22 to 24.

For example, RL-SIG may include the same information field as L-SIG. For example, the NGV-SIG may include transmission information.

In step S3130, the transmitting STA may apply Q-BPSK to RL-SIG and NGV-SIG based on the mode of the NGV PPDU.

According to an embodiment, the transmitting STA may apply Q-BPSK to RL-SIG. The RL-SIG set to the Q-BPSK may indicate that the PPDU is a PPDU (ie, NGV PPDU) according to the NGV standard.

According to an embodiment, the transmitting STA may apply Q-BPSK to NGV-SIG based on the mode of the NGV PPDU.

For example, the transmitting STA may not apply Q-BPSK to NGV-SIG in a mode for high throughput. In addition, the transmitting STA may apply Q-BPSK to NGV-SIG in the mode for coverage extension.

For another example, the transmitting STA may not apply Q-BPSK to NGV-SIG in the mode for coverage extension. In addition, the transmitting STA may apply Q-BPSK to NGV-SIG in a mode for high throughput.

In step S3140, the transmitting STA may transmit an NGV PPDU. That is, the transmitting STA may configure the NGV PPDU based on the mode of the NGV PPDU. The transmitting STA may transmit the configured NGV PPDU to the receiving STA.

32 is a flowchart illustrating an operation of a receiving STA.

Referring to FIG. 32, in step S3210, a receiving STA may receive a physical layer (PHY) preamble. According to an embodiment, the receiving STA may receive the PPDU. The PPDU may include a PHY preamble. The PHY preamble may include various fields. For example, the PHY preamble may include L-SIG, RL-SIG and NGV-SIG. For example, the RL-SIG (or RL-SIG symbol) may be continuous to the L-SIG (or L-SIG symbol). The NGV-SIG (or NGV-SIG symbol) may be contiguous to the RL-SIG (or RL-SIG symbol).

In step S3220, the receiving STA may identify one or two symbols following the L-SIG. According to an embodiment, the receiving STA may check the NGV-SIG, which is a second symbol after the L-SIG. According to an embodiment, the receiving STA may check the symbols RL-SIG and NGV-SIG following the L-SIG.

In steps S3230 and S3240, the receiving STA may check the constellation of one or two symbols following the L-SIG. The receiving STA may determine the mode of the PPDU based on the constellation of one or two symbols following the L-SIG.

According to an embodiment, the receiving STA may check the constellations of two symbols following the L-SIG. For example, two symbols after L-SIG may mean a first symbol (eg, RL-SIG) and a second symbol (eg, NGV-SIG) after the L-SIG.

For example, two symbols following the L-SIG may include information on the type and mode of the PPDU. That is, the receiving STA may determine the type and mode of the received PPDU based on the constellations of two symbols (eg, RL-SIG and NGV-SIG) following the L-SIG.

As an example, the receiving STA may confirm that Q-BPSK and BPSK are respectively applied to two symbols following the L-SIG. Based on the two symbols, the receiving STA may identify that the received PPDU is an 802.11bd standard PPDU (i.e., NGV PPDU), and may confirm that the mode of the received PPDU is a mode for high throughput. . In addition, the receiving STA can confirm that Q-BPSK and Q-BPSK are respectively applied to two symbols following the L-SIG. Based on the two symbols, the receiving STA may identify that the received PPDU is an 802.11bd standard PPDU (i.e., NGV PPDU), and may confirm that the mode of the received PPDU is a mode for coverage extension. .

As another example, the receiving STA may confirm that Q-BPSK and BPSK are respectively applied to two symbols following the L-SIG. Based on the two symbols, the receiving STA may identify that the received PPDU is an 802.11bd standard PPDU (i.e., NGV PPDU), and may confirm that the mode of the received PPDU is a mode for coverage extension. . In addition, the receiving STA can confirm that Q-BPSK and Q-BPSK are respectively applied to two symbols following the L-SIG. Based on the two symbols, the receiving STA may identify that the received PPDU is an 802.11bd standard PPDU (i.e., NGV PPDU), and may confirm that the mode of the received PPDU is a mode for high throughput. .

According to an embodiment, the receiving STA may check the constellation of one symbol following the L-SIG. For example, one symbol after L-SIG may mean a second symbol (eg, NGV-SIG) after L-SIG.

For example, the receiving STA may perform a repetition check on the L-SIG before checking the constellation of one symbol (eg, NGV-SIG) following the L-SIG. For example, the receiving STA may determine whether the L-SIG is repeated in the received PPDU. In other words, the receiving STA may determine whether the received PPDU includes the RL-SIG. The receiving STA may identify that the received PPDU is an 802.11bd standard PPDU (ie, NGV PPDU) based on a repetition check for the L-SIG. Thereafter, the receiving STA may determine the mode of the PPDU (ie, NGV PPDU) by checking the property of one symbol (eg, NGV-SIG) following the L-SIG.

For another example, the receiving STA may check the constellation of the RL-SIG before confirming the constellation of one symbol (eg, NGV-SIG) following the L-SIG. For example, the receiving STA may determine whether the property of the RL-SIG is Q-BPSK in the received PPDU. The receiving STA may identify that the received PPDU is an 802.11bd standard PPDU (ie, NGV PPDU) based on the characteristics of the RL-SIG. Thereafter, the receiving STA may determine the mode of the PPDU (ie, NGV PPDU) by checking the property of one symbol (eg, NGV-SIG) following the L-SIG.

For example, one symbol (eg, NGV-SIG) following the L-SIG may include information on the mode of the PPDU. That is, the receiving STA may determine the mode of the received PPDU based on the constellation of one symbol (eg, NGV-SIG) following the L-SIG.

As an example, the receiving STA may confirm that BPSK is applied to one symbol following the L-SIG. The receiving STA may confirm that the mode of the received PPDU is a mode for high throughput based on the one symbol. In addition, the receiving STA may confirm that Q-BPSK is applied to one symbol following the L-SIG. The receiving STA may confirm that the mode of the received PPDU is a mode for coverage extension, based on the one symbol.

As another example, the receiving STA may confirm that BPSK is applied to one symbol following the L-SIG. The receiving STA may confirm that the mode of the received PPDU is a mode for coverage extension, based on the one symbol. In addition, the receiving STA may confirm that Q-BPSK is applied to one symbol following the L-SIG. The receiving STA may confirm that the mode of the received PPDU is a mode for high throughput based on the one symbol.

33 is a flowchart for explaining another operation of the receiving STA.

Referring to FIG. 33, in step S3310, a receiving STA may receive a PHY (Physical layer) preamble. According to an embodiment, the receiving STA may receive the PPDU. The PPDU may include a PHY preamble. The PHY preamble may include various fields. For example, the PHY preamble may include L-SIG, RL-SIG and NGV-SIG. For example, the RL-SIG (or RL-SIG symbol) may be continuous to the L-SIG (or L-SIG symbol). The NGV-SIG (or NGV-SIG symbol) may be contiguous to the RL-SIG (or RL-SIG symbol).

In step S3320, the receiving STA may identify the constellation of a symbol following the L-SIG.

According to an embodiment, the receiving STA may identify the constellation of the first symbol after the L-SIG. For example, a symbol following L-SIG may be RL-SIG. Accordingly, the receiving STA can check the properties of the RL-SIG.

According to an embodiment, the receiving STA may identify the constellation of the second symbol after the L-SIG. For example, a symbol following L-SIG may be NGV-SIG. Therefore, the receiving STA can check the properties of the NGV-SIG.

In step S3330, the receiving STA may determine whether the constellation of the first symbol after the L-SIG is Q-BPSK. For example, the receiving STA may determine whether the property of the RL-SIG is Q-BPSK in the received PPDU. The receiving STA may determine the type of the received PPDU based on the characteristics of the RL-SIG.

For example, if the property of the RL-SIG in the received PPDU is not Q-BPSK, the receiving STA may confirm that the received PPDU is an 802.11p standard PPDU (ie, 11p PPDU). The property of the RL-SIG may be set to one of BPSK or Q-BPSK. Accordingly, when the property of the RL-SIG in the received PPDU is BPSK, the receiving STA may determine the received PPDU as an 802.11p standard PPDU (ie, 11p PPDU).

As another example, if the property of the RL-SIG in the received PPDU is Q-BPSK, the receiving STA may determine the received PPDU as an 802.11bd standard PPDU (ie, NGV PPDU).

In step S3340, when the constellation of the RL-SIG in the received PPDU is Q-BPSK, the receiving STA may determine whether the constellation of the second symbol after the L-SIG is Q-BPSK. For example, the receiving STA may determine whether the property of the NGV-SIG is Q-BPSK in the received PPDU. The receiving STA may determine the mode of the received PPDU based on the characteristics of the NGV-SIG.

For example, when the property of the NGV-SIG in the received PPDU is not Q-BPSK, the receiving STA may determine the mode of the received PPDU as a mode for high throughput. The property of NGV-SIG may be set to either BPSK or Q-BPSK. Therefore, when the property of NGV-SIG in the received PPDU is BPSK, the receiving STA may determine the mode of the received PPDU as a mode for high throughput.

As another example, when the property of the NGV-SIG in the received PPDU is BPSK, the receiving STA may determine the mode of the received PPDU as a mode for coverage extension.

34 is a flowchart for explaining another operation of the receiving STA.

Referring to FIG. 34, in step S3410, a receiving STA may receive a PHY (Physical layer) preamble. Step S3410 may be related to step S3310 of FIG. 33.

In step S3420, the receiving STA may check the properties of two symbols following the L-SIG. For example, two symbols following L-SIG may be RL-SIG and NGV-SIG, respectively. Accordingly, the receiving STA can check the properties of the RL-SIG and NGV-SIG.

As an example, in the mode for high throughput, the properties of the RL-SIG and the properties of the NGV-SIG may be set to BPSK and Q-BPSK, respectively. As another example, in the mode for coverage extension, the properties of the RL-SIG and the properties of the NGV-SIG may be set to Q-BPSK and BPSK, respectively.

As an example, in the mode for high throughput, the properties of the RL-SIG and the properties of the NGV-SIG may be set to Q-BPSK and BPSK, respectively. As another example, in the mode for coverage extension, the properties of the RL-SIG and the properties of the NGV-SIG may be set to Q-BPSK and Q-BPSK, respectively.

In step S3430, the receiving STA may check whether the constellations of the first symbol and the second symbol after the L-SIG are Q-BPSK and BPSK, respectively. Two symbols following the L-SIG may contain information on the type and mode of the PPDU. The receiving STA may determine the type and mode of the received PPDU based on the constellations of two symbols following the L-SIG (eg, RL-SIG and NGV-SIG).

The receiving STA may confirm that Q-BPSK and BPSK are applied to two symbols following the L-SIG, respectively. Based on the two symbols, the receiving STA may identify that the received PPDU is an 802.11bd standard PPDU (i.e., NGV PPDU), and may confirm that the mode of the received PPDU is a mode for coverage extension. . In other words, when Q-BPSK and BPSK are respectively applied to two symbols following the L-SIG, the receiving STA may determine the received PPDU as the NGV PPDU. In addition, when Q-BPSK and BPSK are respectively applied to two symbols following the L-SIG, the receiving STA may determine the mode of the received PPDU as a mode for coverage extension.

For another example, the receiving STA may confirm that Q-BPSK and BPSK are not applied to two symbols following the L-SIG, respectively.

For example, when BPSK and Q-BPSK are respectively applied to two symbols following the L-SIG, the receiving STA may determine the received PPDU as the NGV PPDU. In addition, when BPSK and Q-BPSK are respectively applied to two symbols following the L-SIG, the receiving STA may determine the mode of the received PPDU as a mode for high throughput.

For example, when Q-BPSK and Q-BPSK are respectively applied to two symbols following the L-SIG, the receiving STA may determine the received PPDU as the NGV PPDU. In addition, when Q-BPSK and Q-BPSK are respectively applied to two symbols following the L-SIG, the receiving STA may determine the mode of the received PPDU as a mode for high throughput.

In FIG. 34, when the constellations of the first symbol and the second symbol after the L-SIG are Q-BPSK and BPSK, respectively, an example of determining the mode for coverage extension for the mode of the PPDU received by the receiving STA is shown. It is not limited. Unlike FIG. 34, when the first symbol and the second symbol following the L-SIG are respectively Q-BPSK and BPSK, the receiving STA may determine the mode of the received PPDU as a mode for high throughput. When the first symbol and the second symbol following the L-SIG are not Q-BPSK and BPSK, respectively, the receiving STA may determine the mode for coverage extension for the mode of the received PPDU.

35 is a flowchart for explaining another operation of the transmitting STA.

Referring to FIG. 35, in step S3510, a transmitting STA may generate an NGV PPDU. The NGV PPDU may include a first signal field and a second signal field. For example, the first signal field may include an L-SIG field. The second signal field may include an NGV-SIG field.

According to an embodiment, the first signal field may be identically repeated within the NGV PPDU. For example, a field in which the first signal field is repeated may be referred to as a third signal field. The third signal field may include an RL-SIG field. The third signal field may be set the same as the first signal field. For example, the third signal field may include the same information field as the first signal field.

According to an embodiment, the property of the second signal field may be determined based on the mode of the NGV PPDU. In other words, the transmitting STA may determine the property of the second signal field based on the mode of the NGV PPDU. The mode of the NGV PPDU may be determined as one of a first mode and a second mode. The first mode may include a mode for high throughput. The second mode may include a mode for coverage extension.

For example, when the mode of the NGV PPDU is the first mode, the property of the second signal field may be set to BPSK. When the mode of the NGV PPDU is the second mode, the property of the second signal field may be set to Q-BPSK.

For another example, when the mode of the NGV PPDU is the first mode, the property of the second signal field may be set to Q-BPSK. When the mode of the NGV PPDU is the second mode, the property of the second signal field may be set to BPSK.

In step S3520, the transmitting STA may transmit an NGV PPDU.

According to an embodiment, the NGV PPDU may be transmitted through a 5.9 GHz band based on frequency spacing of 156.25 kHz.

According to an embodiment, the first signal field may be transmitted through the first symbol. The third signal field may be transmitted through a second symbol consecutive to the first symbol. The second signal field may be transmitted through a third symbol consecutive to the second symbol.

36 is a flowchart for explaining another operation of the receiving STA.

Referring to FIG. 36, in step S3610, a receiving STA may receive a PPDU. The receiving STA may support the 802.11bd standard. For example, the receiving STA may receive an NGV type PPDU according to the 802.11bd standard. The NGV type PPDU may be referred to as an NGV PPDU. The receiving STA may support the 802.11p standard together. For example, the receiving STA may receive a legacy type PPDU according to the 802.11p standard. The legacy type PPDU may be referred to as 11p PPDU.

According to an embodiment, the PPDU may include a first signal field and a second signal field. For example, the first signal field may include an L-SIG field. The second signal field may include an NGV-SIG field.

According to an embodiment, the PPDU may be received through a 5.9 GHz band based on frequency spacing of 156.25 kHz.

In step S3620, the receiving STA may determine the type of PPDU.

According to an embodiment, the receiving STA may confirm that the first signal field is repeated. The receiving STA may determine the type of the PPDU as a Next Generation Vehicular network (NGV) type based on the repetition of the first signal field. That is, the type of the received PPDU may be determined as a Next Generation Vehicular network (NGV) type in which the first signal field is repeated. The NGV type PPDU may include a first signal field and a third signal field in which the first signal field is repeated. The third signal field may be set the same as the first signal field. For example, the third signal field may include the same information field as the first signal field. The third signal field may include an RL-SIG field.

For example, the first signal field may be received through the first symbol. The third signal field may be received through a second symbol consecutive to the first symbol. The second signal field may be received through a third symbol consecutive to the second symbol.

According to an embodiment, the receiving STA may confirm that the first signal field is not repeated. The receiving STA may determine the type of the PPDU as the legacy type based on the fact that the first signal field is not repeated. That is, the type of the received PPDU may be determined as a legacy type in which the first signal field is not repeated.

In step S3630, the receiving STA may determine the mode of the PPDU. According to an embodiment, the receiving STA may determine the mode of the PPDU based on the constellation applied to the second signal field. The mode of the PPDU may include a first mode and a second mode. In other words, the mode of the PPDU may be determined as one of a first mode and a second mode. The first mode may include a mode for high throughput. The second mode may include a mode for coverage extension.

According to an embodiment, the receiving STA may confirm that the constellation of the second signal field is BPSK. The receiving STA may determine the mode of the PPDU as the first mode based on the property of the second signal field being BPSK. In other words, based on the second signal field to which BPSK is applied, the mode of the PPDU may be determined as the first mode.

According to an embodiment, the receiving STA may confirm that the constellation of the second signal field is Q-BPSK. The receiving STA may determine the mode of the PPDU as the second mode based on the property of the second signal field being Q-BPSK. In other words, based on the second signal field to which Q-BPSK is applied, the mode of the PPDU may be determined as the second mode.

In step S3640, the receiving STA may decode the PPDU. According to an embodiment, the receiving STA may decode the PPDU based on the PPDU type and the PPDU mode. According to an embodiment, the frame configuration of the PPDU may be differently set based on the type of the PPDU and/or the mode of the PPDU. Accordingly, the receiving STA may first identify the type of PPDU and/or the mode of the PPDU. The receiving STA may decode the PPDU based on the identified PPDU type and/or the PPDU mode.

The technical features of the present specification described above can be applied to various devices and methods. For example, the technical features of the present specification described above may be performed/supported through the apparatus of FIGS. 1 and/or 19. For example, the technical features of the present specification described above may be applied only to a part of FIGS. 1 and/or 19. For example, the technical features of the present specification described above may be implemented based on the

processing chips

114 and 124 of FIG. 1, or implemented based on the

processors

111 and 121 and the

memories

112 and 122 of FIG. 1. , May be implemented based on the processor 610 and the memory 620 of FIG. 19. For example, the apparatus of the present specification includes a memory and a processor operably coupled to the memory, and the processor includes a PPDU including a first signal field and a second signal field ( Physical Protocol Data Unit), wherein the PPDU is received through a 5.9 GHz band based on frequency spacing of 156.25 kHz, and the type of the PPDU is determined based on whether the first signal field is repeated. And, based on the constellation applied to the second signal field, the mode of the PPDU may be determined, and set to decode the PPDU based on the type of the PPDU and the mode of the PPDU.

Technical features of the present specification may be implemented based on a computer readable medium (CRM). For example, the CRM proposed by the present specification receives a PPDU (Physical Protocol Data Unit) including a first signal field and a second signal field, and the PPDU is based on frequency spacing of 156.25 kHz. Receiving through the 5.9 GHz band; Determining a type of the PPDU based on whether the first signal field is repeated; Determining a mode of the PPDU based on the constellation applied to the second signal field; And based on the type of the PPDU and the mode of the PPDU, instructions for performing an operation including decoding the PPDU may be stored. Instructions stored in the CRM of the present specification may be executed by at least one processor. At least one processor related to the CRM of the present specification may be the

processors

111 and 121 or the

processing chips

114 and 124 of FIG. 1, or the processor 610 of FIG. 19. Meanwhile, the CRM of the present specification may be the

memories

112 and 122 of FIG. 1, the memory 620 of FIG. 19, or a separate external memory/storage medium/disk.

The technical features of the present specification described above can be applied to various applications or business models. For example, the UE, Terminal, STA, Transmitter, Receiver, Processor, and/or Transceiver described in the present specification may be applied to a vehicle supporting autonomous driving or a conventional vehicle supporting autonomous driving.

37 illustrates a vehicle or an autonomous vehicle applied to the present specification. The vehicle or autonomous vehicle may be implemented as a mobile robot, a vehicle, a train, an aerial vehicle (AV), or a ship.

The memory unit 3730 illustrated in FIG. 37 may be included in the

memories

112 and 122 illustrated in FIG. 1. In addition, the communication unit 3710 illustrated in FIG. 37 may be included in the

transceivers

113 and 123 and/or the

processors

111 and 121 disclosed in FIG. 1. In addition, the remaining devices illustrated in FIG. 37 may be included in the

processors

111 and 121 disclosed in FIG. 1.

Referring to FIG. 37, the vehicle or autonomous vehicle 3700 includes an antenna unit 3708, a communication unit 3710, a control unit 3720, a memory unit 3730, a driving unit 3740a, a power supply unit 3740b, and a sensor unit. (3740c) and/or an autonomous driving unit 3740d may be included. The antenna unit 3708 may be configured as a part of the communication unit 3710.

The communication unit 3710 may transmit and receive signals (eg, data, control signals, etc.) with external devices such as other vehicles, base stations (e.g. base stations, roadside base stations, etc.), and servers. The controller 3720 may perform various operations by controlling elements of the vehicle or the autonomous vehicle 3700. The control unit 3720 may include an Electronic Control Unit (ECU). The driving unit 3740a may cause the vehicle or the autonomous vehicle 3700 to travel on the ground. The driving unit 3740a may include an engine, a motor, a power train, a wheel, a brake, a steering device, and the like. The power supply unit 3740b supplies power to the vehicle or the autonomous vehicle 3700 and may include a wired/wireless charging circuit, a battery, and the like. The sensor unit 3740c may obtain vehicle status, surrounding environment information, user information, and the like. The sensor unit 3740c includes an inertial measurement unit (IMU) sensor, a collision sensor, a wheel sensor, a speed sensor, a tilt sensor, a weight detection sensor, a heading sensor, a position module, and a vehicle advancement. /Reverse sensor, battery sensor, fuel sensor, tire sensor, steering sensor, temperature sensor, humidity sensor, ultrasonic sensor, illumination sensor, pedal position sensor, etc. may be included. The autonomous driving unit 3740d is a technology that maintains a driving lane, a technology that automatically adjusts the speed such as adaptive cruise control, a technology that automatically travels along a predetermined route, and automatically sets a route when a destination is set. Technology, etc. can be implemented.

For example, the communication unit 3710 may receive map data and traffic information data from an external server. The autonomous driving unit 3740d may generate an autonomous driving route and a driving plan based on the acquired data. The controller 3720 may control the driving unit 3740a so that the vehicle or the autonomous driving vehicle 3700 moves along the autonomous driving path according to the driving plan (eg, speed/direction adjustment). During autonomous driving, the communication unit 3710 asynchronously/periodically acquires the latest traffic information data from an external server, and may acquire surrounding traffic information data from surrounding vehicles. In addition, during autonomous driving, the sensor unit 3740c may acquire vehicle status and surrounding environment information. The autonomous driving unit 3740d may update the autonomous driving route and the driving plan based on newly acquired data/information. The communication unit 3710 may transmit information about a vehicle location, an autonomous driving route, and a driving plan to an external server. The external server may predict traffic information data in advance using AI technology or the like based on information collected from the vehicle or autonomously driving vehicles, and may provide the predicted traffic information data to the vehicle or autonomously driving vehicles.

An example of this specification includes the example of FIG. 38 described below.

38 shows an example of a vehicle based on the present specification. Vehicles may also be implemented as means of transport, trains, aircraft, and ships.

Referring to FIG. 38, a vehicle 3700 may include a communication unit 3710, a control unit 3720, a memory unit 3730, an input/output unit 3740e, and a position measurement unit 3740f. Each block/unit/device shown in FIG. 38 may be the same as the block/unit/device shown in FIG. 37.

The communication unit 3710 may transmit and receive signals (eg, data, control signals, etc.) with other vehicles or external devices such as a base station. The control unit 3720 may perform various operations by controlling components of the vehicle 3700. The memory unit 3730 may store data/parameters/programs/codes/commands supporting various functions of the vehicle 3700. The input/output unit 3740e may output an AR/VR object based on information in the memory unit 3730. The input/output unit 3740e may include a HUD. The location measurement unit 3740f may acquire location information of the vehicle 3700. The location information may include absolute location information of the vehicle 3700, location information within a driving line, acceleration information, location information with surrounding vehicles, and the like. The location measurement unit 3740f may include GPS and various sensors.

For example, the communication unit 3710 of the vehicle 3700 may receive map information, traffic information, and the like from an external server and store it in the memory unit 3730. The location measurement unit 3740f may acquire vehicle location information through GPS and various sensors and store the information in the memory unit 3730. The controller 3720 may generate a virtual object based on map information, traffic information, vehicle location information, and the like, and the input/output unit 3740e may display the generated virtual object on a window of the vehicle (3810, 3820). Also, the controller 3720 may determine whether the vehicle 3700 is operating normally within the driving line based on the vehicle location information. When the vehicle 3700 deviates from the driving line abnormally, the control unit 3720 may display a warning on a windshield of the vehicle through the input/output unit 3740e. Also, the control unit 3720 may broadcast a warning message regarding a driving abnormality to nearby vehicles through the communication unit 3710. Depending on the situation, the controller 3720 may transmit location information of the vehicle and information on driving/vehicle abnormalities to a related organization through the communication unit 3710.

The technical features of the present specification described above can be applied to another application or business model.

For example, for wireless communication in a device supporting artificial intelligence (AI), the above-described technical features may be applied.

Artificial intelligence refers to the field of researching artificial intelligence or the methodology that can create it, and machine learning (Machine Learning) refers to the field of studying methodologies to define and solve various problems dealt with in the field of artificial intelligence do. Machine learning is also defined as an algorithm that improves the performance of a task through continuous experience.

An artificial neural network (ANN) is a model used in machine learning, and may refer to an overall model with problem-solving capability, which is composed of artificial neurons (nodes) that form a network by combining synapses. The artificial neural network may be defined by a connection pattern between neurons of different layers, a learning process for updating model parameters, and an activation function for generating an output value.

The artificial neural network may include an input layer, an output layer, and optionally one or more hidden layers. Each layer includes one or more neurons, and the artificial neural network may include neurons and synapses connecting neurons. In an artificial neural network, each neuron can output a function of an activation function for input signals, weights, and biases input through synapses.

Model parameters refer to parameters determined through learning, and include weights of synaptic connections and biases of neurons. In addition, hyperparameters refer to parameters that must be set before learning in a machine learning algorithm, and include a learning rate, iteration count, mini-batch size, and initialization function.

The purpose of learning artificial neural networks can be seen as determining model parameters that minimize the loss function. The loss function can be used as an index to determine an optimal model parameter in the learning process of the artificial neural network.

Machine learning can be classified into supervised learning, unsupervised learning, and reinforcement learning according to the learning method.

Supervised learning refers to a method of training an artificial neural network when a label for training data is given, and a label indicates the correct answer (or result value) that the artificial neural network should infer when training data is input to the artificial neural network. It can mean. Unsupervised learning may refer to a method of training an artificial neural network in a state where a label for training data is not given. Reinforcement learning may mean a learning method in which an agent defined in a certain environment learns to select an action or action sequence that maximizes the cumulative reward in each state.

Among artificial neural networks, machine learning implemented as a deep neural network (DNN) including a plurality of hidden layers is sometimes referred to as deep learning (deep learning), and deep learning is a part of machine learning. Hereinafter, machine learning is used in the sense including deep learning.

In addition, the above-described technical features can be applied to wireless communication of a robot.

A robot may refer to a machine that automatically processes or operates a task given by its own capabilities. In particular, a robot having a function of recognizing the environment and performing an operation by self-determining may be referred to as an intelligent robot.

Robots can be classified into industrial, medical, household, military, etc. depending on the purpose or field of use. The robot may be provided with a driving unit including an actuator or a motor to perform various physical operations such as moving a robot joint. In addition, the movable robot includes a wheel, a brake, a propeller, etc. in a driving unit, and can travel on the ground or fly in the air through the driving unit.

In addition, the above-described technical features may be applied to a device supporting extended reality.

The extended reality collectively refers to Virtual Reality (VR), Augmented Reality (AR), and Mixed Reality (MR). VR technology provides only CG images of real world objects or backgrounds, AR technology provides virtually created CG images on top of real object images, and MR technology is a computer that mixes and combines virtual objects in the real world. It is a graphic technology.

MR technology is similar to AR technology in that it shows real and virtual objects together. However, in AR technology, virtual objects are used in a form that complements real objects, whereas in MR technology, virtual objects and real objects are used with equal characteristics.

XR technology can be applied to HMD (Head-Mount Display), HUD (Head-Up Display), mobile phones, tablet PCs, laptops, desktops, TVs, digital signage, etc., and devices applied with XR technology are XR devices. It can be called as.

The claims set forth herein may be combined in a variety of ways. For example, the technical features of the method claims of the present specification may be combined to be implemented as a device, and the technical features of the device claims of the present specification may be combined to be implemented by a method. In addition, the technical characteristics of the method claim of the present specification and the technical characteristics of the device claim may be combined to be implemented as a device, and the technical characteristics of the method claim of the present specification and the technical characteristics of the device claim may be combined to be implemented by a method.

Claims

In a wireless local area network (LAN) system,

At the receiving STA, receiving a PPDU (Physical Protocol Data Unit) including a first signal field and a second signal field, wherein the PPDU is received through a 5.9 GHz band based on frequency spacing of 156.25 kHz. ;

Determining, at the receiving STA, a type of the PPDU based on whether the first signal field is repeated;

Determining, by the receiving STA, a mode of the PPDU based on a constellation applied to the second signal field; And

In the receiving STA, decoding the PPDU based on the type of the PPDU and the mode of the PPDU.

Included

Way.
The method of claim 1,

The PPDU type is determined as a Next Generation Vehicular network (NGV) type in which the first signal field is repeated.

Way.
The method of claim 2, wherein the NGV type PPDU includes a third signal field in which the first signal field and the first signal field are repeated,

The first signal field is received through a first symbol,

The third signal field is received through a second symbol consecutive to the first symbol,

The second signal field is received through a third symbol consecutive to the second symbol

Way.
The method of claim 1,

The mode of the PPDU is determined as one of a first mode and a second mode

Way.
The method of claim 4,

Based on the second signal field to which Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK) is applied, the mode of the PPDU is determined as the first mode.

Way.
The method of claim 4,

Based on the second signal field to which Quadrature Binary Phase Shift Keying (Q-BPSK) is applied, the mode of the PPDU is determined as the second mode.

Way.
The method of claim 4,

The first mode includes a mode for high throughput,

The second mode includes a mode for coverage extension

Way.
The method of claim 1.

The first signal field includes an L-SIG field,

The second signal field includes an NGV-SIG field

Way.
In a wireless local area network (LAN) system,

In the transmitting STA, generating an NGV Physical Protocol Data Unit (PPDU) including a first signal field and a second signal field,

Repeating the first signal field equally within the NGV PPDU;

Determining a property of the second signal field based on the mode of the NGV PPDU; And

In the transmitting STA, the NGV PPDU is transmitted,

The NGV PPDU is transmitted through a 5.9 GHz band based on frequency spacing of 156.25 kHz.

Including

Way.
In a receiving STA (station) used in a wireless local area network (LAN) system,

A transceiver for transmitting and receiving radio signals; And

Including a processor connected to the transceiver, wherein the processor,

Receives a PPDU (Physical Protocol Data Unit) including a first signal field and a second signal field, wherein the PPDU is received through a 5.9 GHz band based on frequency spacing of 156.25 kHz,

Based on whether the first signal field is repeated, the type of the PPDU is determined,

Based on the constellation applied to the second signal field, determine the mode of the PPDU,

Set to decode the PPDU based on the type of the PPDU and the mode of the PPDU

Receiving STA.
The method of claim 10,

The PPDU type is determined as a Next Generation Vehicular network (NGV) type in which the first signal field is repeated.

Receiving STA.
The method of claim 11,

The NGV type PPDU includes a third signal field in which the first signal field and the first signal field are repeated,

The first signal field is received through a first symbol,

The third signal field is received through a second symbol consecutive to the first symbol,

The second signal field is received through a third symbol consecutive to the second symbol

Receiving STA.
The method of claim 10,

The mode of the PPDU is determined as one of a first mode and a second mode

Receiving STA.
The method of claim 13,

Based on the second signal field to which Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK) is applied, the mode of the PPDU is determined as the first mode.

Receiving STA.
The method of claim 13,

Based on the second signal field to which Quadrature Binary Phase Shift Keying (Q-BPSK) is applied, the mode of the PPDU is determined as the second mode.

Receiving STA.
The method of claim 13,

The first mode includes a mode for high throughput,

The second mode includes a mode for coverage extension

Receiving STA.
The method of claim 10.

The first signal field includes an L-SIG field,

The second signal field includes an NGV-SIG field

Receiving STA.
In a transmitting STA (station) used in a wireless local area network (LAN) system,

A transceiver for transmitting and receiving radio signals; And

Including a processor connected to the transceiver, wherein the processor,

Generating an NGV Physical Protocol Data Unit (PPDU) including a first signal field and a second signal field,

Set to transmit the NGV PPDU,

The first signal field is identically repeated in the NGV PPDU,

Based on the mode of the NGV PPDU, the property of the second signal field is determined,

The NGV PPDU is transmitted through the 5.9 GHz band based on frequency spacing of 156.25 kHz.

Sending STA.
In the at least one computer readable recording medium (computer readable medium) comprising an instruction (instruction) based on execution by at least one processor (processor),

Receiving a PPDU (Physical Protocol Data Unit) including a first signal field and a second signal field, wherein the PPDU is received through a 5.9 GHz band based on frequency spacing of 156.25 kHz;

Determining a type of the PPDU based on whether the first signal field is repeated;

Determining a mode of the PPDU based on the constellation applied to the second signal field; And

Based on the type of the PPDU and the mode of the PPDU, decoding the PPDU

To perform an operation including

Device.
In the device used in the wireless LAN system,

Processor, and

Including a memory connected to the processor,

The processor,

Receives a PPDU (Physical Protocol Data Unit) including a first signal field and a second signal field, wherein the PPDU is received through a 5.9 GHz band based on frequency spacing of 156.25 kHz,

Based on whether the first signal field is repeated, the type of the PPDU is determined,

Based on the constellation applied to the second signal field, determine the mode of the PPDU,

Set to decode the PPDU based on the type of the PPDU and the mode of the PPDU

Device.