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WO2021017841A1 - 一种电容式弹性应变传感器，其制备方法与应用 - Google Patents

一种电容式弹性应变传感器，其制备方法与应用 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021017841A1
WO2021017841A1 PCT/CN2020/102250 CN2020102250W WO2021017841A1 WO 2021017841 A1 WO2021017841 A1 WO 2021017841A1 CN 2020102250 W CN2020102250 W CN 2020102250W WO 2021017841 A1 WO2021017841 A1 WO 2021017841A1
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Prior art keywords
elastic
conductive
layer
strain sensor
capacitive
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PCT/CN2020/102250
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
周酉林
刘宜伟
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宁波韧和科技有限公司
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Publication of WO2021017841A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021017841A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B7/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques
    • G01B7/16—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. by resistance strain gauge
    • G01B7/22—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. by resistance strain gauge using change in capacitance
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/103—Detecting, measuring or recording devices for testing the shape, pattern, colour, size or movement of the body or parts thereof, for diagnostic purposes
    • A61B5/11—Measuring movement of the entire body or parts thereof, e.g. head or hand tremor, mobility of a limb
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/103—Detecting, measuring or recording devices for testing the shape, pattern, colour, size or movement of the body or parts thereof, for diagnostic purposes
    • A61B5/11—Measuring movement of the entire body or parts thereof, e.g. head or hand tremor, mobility of a limb
    • A61B5/1121—Determining geometric values, e.g. centre of rotation or angular range of movement
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/103—Detecting, measuring or recording devices for testing the shape, pattern, colour, size or movement of the body or parts thereof, for diagnostic purposes
    • A61B5/11—Measuring movement of the entire body or parts thereof, e.g. head or hand tremor, mobility of a limb
    • A61B5/113—Measuring movement of the entire body or parts thereof, e.g. head or hand tremor, mobility of a limb occurring during breathing
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/68—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient
    • A61B5/6801—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient specially adapted to be attached to or worn on the body surface
    • A61B5/6802—Sensor mounted on worn items
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/06—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B27/08—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/12—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin next to a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/40—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyurethanes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B33/00—Layered products characterised by particular properties or particular surface features, e.g. particular surface coatings; Layered products designed for particular purposes not covered by another single class
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
    • B32B37/06—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the heating method
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
    • B32B37/10—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the pressing technique, e.g. using action of vacuum or fluid pressure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/08—Interconnection of layers by mechanical means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
    • G01L1/00—Measuring force or stress, in general
    • G01L1/14—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations in capacitance or inductance of electrical elements, e.g. by measuring variations of frequency of electrical oscillators
    • G01L1/142—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations in capacitance or inductance of electrical elements, e.g. by measuring variations of frequency of electrical oscillators using capacitors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/02—Synthetic macromolecular fibres
    • B32B2262/0292—Polyurethane fibres

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of capacitive strain sensors, in particular to a capacitive elastic strain sensor, and its preparation method and application.
  • the size of the device is also very important.
  • the ultra-thin device fits well with the human body and can increase the wearing comfort.
  • Flexible and even elastic ultra-thin devices are used in smart clothing and smart wear, which can not only increase the wearing comfort, but also detect the motion of various joints of the human body, breathing frequency, spine or cervical spine bending, etc., and have received extensive attention in recent years.
  • capacitive elastic strain sensors There are mainly two structures of capacitive elastic strain sensors reported in the past.
  • One is a capacitive structure composed of a polymer elastomer and a certain shape of metal or conductive fiber.
  • This structure has poor elastic strain and has a limited measurement range of tensile strain.
  • the other is the combination of a polymer elastomer and a ductile conductor such as liquid metal to form a capacitor structure.
  • This structure generally uses a method of constructing a channel on the elastomer and then injecting liquid metal into the channel. More complicated.
  • the thickness of these two types of elastic strain sensors is relatively large, generally reaching more than 1,000 microns, and they are poorly fitted to the human body and have a foreign body sensation. This is one of the reasons why there are few reports about combining elastic strain sensors with textile materials.
  • the binding force between the elastic strain sensor and the textile material is another reason.
  • the present invention provides a capacitive elastic strain sensor, which uses textile materials as a matrix and can be used as a wearable device to detect stress and strain of the body such as stretching and bending.
  • the technical solution of the present invention is: a capacitive elastic strain sensor, which is characterized in that: an elastic textile material is used as a matrix, and includes an elastic bonding layer, a first conductive layer, a second conductive layer, an elastic dielectric layer and an elastic packaging layer;
  • the elastic bonding layer has conductive and insulating properties and is located on the surface of the substrate;
  • the first conductive layer is located on the surface of the elastomer bonding layer, is composed of conductive liquid, conductive paste or conductive gel, and is connected to the external first electrode;
  • the elastic dielectric layer has conductive and insulating properties and is located on the surface of the first conductive layer;
  • the second conductive layer is located on the surface of the elastic dielectric layer, is composed of conductive liquid, conductive paste or conductive gel, and is connected to the external second electrode;
  • the elastic packaging layer is used for packaging the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer.
  • elasticity refers to the ability to bend, stretch and deform under the action of external force, and have a certain shape recovery ability when the external force is removed.
  • the textile material layer is a fabric formed of one or more of materials such as cotton, linen, wool, silk, woolen cloth, and fiber.
  • the elastic textile material is an elastic textile material, and the textile material can be made elastic through structural design, for example, the textile material can be made elastic through a rib structure, or the textile material itself has elasticity.
  • the elastic bonding layer material is not limited, and includes elastic polymer materials and the like.
  • the elastic bonding layer adopts an elastic material with good bonding ability with textile materials, such as thermoplastic elastomer (TPE), thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer rubber poly (TPU), dimethyl siloxane (PDMS) , Aliphatic aromatic random copolyester (Ecoflex), high molecular polymer resin, silica gel, rubber, hydrogel, polyurethane, polyvinyl octene co-elastomer (POE) one or more.
  • TPE thermoplastic elastomer
  • TPU thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer rubber poly
  • PDMS dimethyl siloxane
  • Ecoflex Aliphatic aromatic random copolyester
  • high molecular polymer resin silica gel, rubber, hydrogel, polyurethane, polyvinyl octene co-elastomer (POE) one or more.
  • the material of the elastic dielectric layer is not limited, and includes elastic polymer materials and the like.
  • the elastic bonding layer adopts an elastic material with good bonding ability with textile materials, such as thermoplastic elastomer (TPE), thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer rubber poly (TPU), dimethyl siloxane (PDMS) , Aliphatic aromatic random copolyester (Ecoflex), high molecular polymer resin, silica gel, rubber, hydrogel, polyurethane, polyvinyl octene co-elastomer (POE) one or more.
  • TPE thermoplastic elastomer
  • TPU thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer rubber poly
  • PDMS dimethyl siloxane
  • Ecoflex Aliphatic aromatic random copolyester
  • high molecular polymer resin silica gel, rubber, hydrogel, polyurethane, polyvinyl octene co-elastomer (POE) one or more.
  • the material of the elastic encapsulation layer is not limited, and includes elastic polymer materials and the like.
  • the elastic bonding layer adopts an elastic material with good bonding ability with textile materials, such as thermoplastic elastomer (TPE), thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer rubber poly (TPU), dimethyl siloxane (PDMS) , Aliphatic aromatic random copolyester (Ecoflex), high molecular polymer resin, silica gel, rubber, hydrogel, polyurethane, polyvinyl octene co-elastomer (POE) one or more.
  • TPE thermoplastic elastomer
  • TPU thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer rubber poly
  • PDMS dimethyl siloxane
  • Ecoflex Aliphatic aromatic random copolyester
  • high molecular polymer resin silica gel, rubber, hydrogel, polyurethane, polyvinyl octene co-elastomer (POE) one or more.
  • the conductive liquid is not limited, such as liquid metal, conductive ink and the like.
  • the conductive gel is not limited, such as graphite conductive gel, silver gel and the like.
  • the conductive paste is not limited, and includes graphene paste, a mixed paste of conductive material and elastomer, and the like.
  • the mixed slurry of conductive material and elastomer includes, but is not limited to, a mixed slurry of liquid metal and elastomer, a mixed slurry of carbon powder and elastomer, a mixed slurry of carbon fiber and elastomer, and a mixed slurry of graphene and elastomer. Materials, metal powder and elastomer mixed slurry, etc.
  • the liquid metal and the elastomer are mixed according to the mass ratio of 100: (1-100) to form a slurry; the carbon powder and the elastomer are mixed according to the mass ratio (1-100): 100 to form the slurry; the carbon fiber and the elastomer are mixed according to the mass ratio (1 ⁇ 100): 100 is mixed into slurry; graphene and elastomer are mixed according to mass ratio (1-100): 100 to form slurry; metal powder and elastomer are mixed according to mass ratio (1-100): 100 to form slurry material.
  • the liquid metal refers to a metal conductive material that is liquid at room temperature, including but not limited to mercury, gallium indium alloy, gallium indium tin alloy, and one or more doped gallium indium of transition metals and solid non-metal elements Alloy, gallium indium tin alloy, etc.
  • the first electrode is used to electrically connect external devices, and its material is not limited, including metal materials, conductive cloth, graphene, graphite conductive glue, silver glue, liquid metal, circuit boards, and the like.
  • the second electrode is used to electrically connect external devices, and its material is not limited, including metal materials, conductive cloth, graphene, graphite conductive glue, silver glue, liquid metal, circuit boards, etc.
  • the thickness of the first conductive layer is less than 500um, preferably less than 100um, or even less than 10um.
  • the thickness of the second conductive layer is less than 500um, preferably less than 100um, or even less than 10um.
  • the first conductive layer has a certain pattern structure on the surface of the elastic bonding layer.
  • the pattern is not limited, and includes one or more patterns composed of straight lines, sine lines, wavy lines, sawtooth waves, triangular waves, ellipses, loops, coils, heart shapes, etc., and two or more parallel, intersecting, and stacked patterns.
  • the second conductive layer has a certain pattern structure on the surface of the elastic dielectric layer.
  • the pattern is not limited, and includes one or more patterns composed of straight lines, sine lines, wavy lines, sawtooth waves, triangular waves, ellipses, loops, coils, heart shapes, etc., and two or more parallel, intersecting, and stacked patterns.
  • the present invention also provides a method for preparing the capacitive elastic strain sensor, which includes the following steps:
  • An elastic encapsulation layer is prepared on the surface of the second conductive layer.
  • the method for preparing the elastic bonding layer on the surface of the elastic textile material is not limited. Taking into account the material characteristics of the elastic textile material, as a preference, the elastic bonding layer is prepared on the surface of the textile material by a hot pressing method. Practice has proved that, The method can give full play to the material characteristics of the textile material, and obtain an elastic bonding layer with high bondability with the textile material, simple preparation and high yield.
  • the method for preparing the first conductive layer on the surface of the elastic bonding layer is not limited.
  • the present invention preferably adopts a hollow template, placing the template on the surface of the elastic bonding layer, and then pouring, coating, printing or hot pressing conductive liquid, conductive paste or conductive gel in the hollow of the template to obtain the first conductive layer. Finally remove the template.
  • the template is used to form the first conductive layer, and plays a role in positioning the boundary of the conductive material during the preparation of the first conductive layer, and the mold can be directly and conveniently removed after the first conductive layer is formed.
  • the template When the first conductive layer is in a certain pattern, the template is used to form a patterned first conductive layer, and plays a role in positioning the pattern boundary of the conductive material during the preparation of the first conductive layer.
  • the mold can be removed directly after the formation of the subordinate layer. Therefore, the role of the mold in the present invention is different from that of the mask in the prior art.
  • a first conductive layer mold with a smaller three-dimensional size can be obtained, and on the other hand, the mold can be easily and simply removed after filling the mold with conductive paste.
  • Material so that the first conductive layer with small three-dimensional size can be easily obtained, especially the first conductive layer with small thickness and width can be easily obtained. Its thickness is ultra-thin, reaching the order of hundreds of microns, preferably less than 500um, It is more preferably less than 100um, even less than 10um.
  • the method for preparing the elastic dielectric layer on the surface of the first conductive layer is not limited, including printing, baking, hot pressing and the like.
  • the method for preparing the second conductive layer on the surface of the elastic dielectric layer is not limited.
  • the present invention preferably adopts a hollow template, placing the template on the surface of the elastic bonding layer, and then pouring, coating, printing or hot pressing conductive liquid, conductive paste or conductive gel in the hollow of the template to obtain the second conductive layer. Finally remove the template.
  • the template is used to form the second conductive layer, and plays a role in positioning the boundary of the conductive material during the preparation of the second conductive layer, and the mold can be directly and conveniently removed after the second conductive layer is formed.
  • the template is used to form a patterned second conductive layer, which plays a role in positioning the pattern boundary of the conductive material during the preparation of the second conductive layer.
  • the mold can be removed directly after the formation of the subordinate layer. Therefore, the role of the mold in the present invention is different from that of the mask in the prior art.
  • a second conductive layer mold with a smaller three-dimensional size can be obtained, and on the other hand, the mold can be easily and simply removed after filling the conductive paste in the mold.
  • the method for preparing the elastic encapsulation layer on the surface of the second conductive layer is not limited, including printing, baking, hot pressing and other methods.
  • the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
  • the present invention combines a capacitive elastic strain sensor with textile materials, so the capacitive elastic strain sensor can be used in wearable devices, such as stitching or hot pressing with smart clothing or smart wear, for detecting the body
  • wearable devices such as stitching or hot pressing with smart clothing or smart wear
  • the stress and strain of the part such as joint bending, muscle stretching or bending, vertebral body stretching or bending, etc., are elastic and comfortable;
  • the capacitive elastic strain sensor of the present invention has a low thickness and no foreign body sensation.
  • the thickness of the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer can reach the order of hundreds of microns, preferably less than 500um, more preferably less than 100um, or even less than 10um, which can improve the wearability and comfort of the sensor, and in practical applications, when subjected to external forces such as folding, kneading, squeezing, etc., the impact of the liquid metal layer is extremely thin, which is beneficial to improve the sensor’s performance. Performance stability.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of a capacitive elastic strain sensor of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a tensile strain test diagram of the capacitive elastic strain sensor in Example 1 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 the structure of the capacitive elastic strain sensor is shown in FIG. 1, which uses elastic textile material as a matrix and consists of an elastic bonding layer, a first conductive layer, a second conductive layer, an elastic dielectric layer and an elastic encapsulation layer.
  • the elastic bonding layer is conductive and insulating and is located on the surface of the substrate; the first conductive layer is located on the surface of the elastomer bonding layer and is composed of liquid metal and is connected to the external first electrode; the elastic dielectric layer is conductive and insulating and is located on the surface of the first conductive layer The second conductive layer is located on the surface of the elastic dielectric layer and is composed of liquid metal, connected to the external second electrode; the elastic packaging layer is used to encapsulate the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer.
  • the elastic textile material is spandex cloth
  • the elastomer adhesive layer, the elastomer dielectric layer, and the elastomer encapsulation layer are all selected from thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer rubber poly (TPU).
  • the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer are The liquid metal GaInSn, the outer first electrode and the outer second electrode are copper sheets.
  • the thickness of the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer are both 100 ⁇ m.
  • the preparation of the aforementioned capacitive elastic strain sensor includes the following steps:
  • a hot pressing process is used to form an elastic packaging layer on the surface of the second conductive layer.
  • the capacitive elastic strain sensor prepared above can be stitched or hot pressed and attached to smart clothing or smart wear, such as knee and elbow pads, breathing belts, body correction belts, cervical vertebrae belts, etc. It is convenient and comfortable to wear, and is similar to ordinary fabrics.
  • the same experience which can be used to detect the stress and strain of body parts, such as joint bending, muscle stretching or bending, vertebral stretching or bending, etc., especially when stretching, bending, kneading, squeezing and other operations are compared with ordinary fabrics The experience is the same.
  • the structure of the capacitive elastic strain sensor is the same as that in embodiment 1, except that the first conductive layer is in a parallel sine pattern on the surface of the elastic adhesive layer, and the second conductive layer is in the surface of the elastic dielectric layer. Parallel sine graph.
  • the preparation of the aforementioned capacitive elastic strain sensor includes the following steps:
  • a hot pressing process is used to form an elastic packaging layer on the surface of the second conductive layer.
  • the capacitive elastic strain sensor prepared above can be stitched or hot pressed and attached to smart clothing or smart wear, such as knee and elbow pads, breathing belts, body correction belts, cervical spine belts, etc., which are convenient to wear Comfortable, the same as ordinary fabric experience, can be used to detect the stress and strain of body parts, such as joint bending, muscle stretching or bending, vertebral body stretching or bending, etc. Especially when stretching, bending, kneading, squeezing and other operations, the experience is the same as ordinary fabrics.
  • a tensile strain test is performed on the elastic textile material-based capacitive elastic strain sensor prepared above, and the test result shows that the tensile-capacitance change of the elastic strain sensor is linear, and the rate of change is large.
  • the liquid metal layer is ultra-thin, the influence of the liquid metal layer is greatly reduced when subjected to external forces in practical applications, so its performance has high stability.
  • FIG. 1 the structure of the capacitive elastic strain sensor is shown in FIG. 1, which uses elastic textile material as a matrix and consists of an elastic bonding layer, a first conductive layer, a second conductive layer, an elastic dielectric layer and an elastic encapsulation layer.
  • the elastic bonding layer is conductive and insulating and is located on the surface of the substrate; the first conductive layer is located on the surface of the elastomer bonding layer and is composed of liquid metal and is connected to the external first electrode; the elastic dielectric layer is conductive and insulating and is located on the surface of the first conductive layer The second conductive layer is located on the surface of the elastic dielectric layer and is composed of liquid metal, connected to the external second electrode; the elastic packaging layer is used to encapsulate the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer.
  • spandex cloth is selected as the elastic textile material
  • dimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is selected for the elastomer adhesive layer, elastomer dielectric layer, and elastomer encapsulation layer.
  • the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer are Liquid metal GaInSn
  • the outer first electrode and the outer second electrode are conductive cloth.
  • the thickness of the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer are both 50 ⁇ m.
  • the preparation of the aforementioned capacitive elastic strain sensor includes the following steps:
  • step (3) The two ends of the first conductive layer prepared in step (2) are thermally pressed and bonded to conductive cloth as the external first electrode;
  • a hot pressing process is used to form an elastic packaging layer on the surface of the second conductive layer.
  • the capacitive elastic strain sensor prepared above can be stitched or hot pressed and attached to smart clothing or smart wear, such as knee and elbow pads, breathing belts, body correction belts, cervical spine belts, etc., which are convenient to wear Comfortable, the same as ordinary fabric experience, can be used to detect the stress and strain of body parts, such as joint bending, muscle stretching or bending, vertebral body stretching or bending, etc. Especially when stretching, bending, kneading, squeezing and other operations, the experience is the same as ordinary fabrics.
  • a tensile strain test is performed on the elastic textile material-based capacitive elastic strain sensor prepared above, and the test result shows that the tensile-capacitance change of the elastic strain sensor is linear, and the rate of change is large.
  • the liquid metal layer is ultra-thin, the influence of the liquid metal layer is greatly reduced when subjected to external forces in practical applications, so its performance has high stability.
  • the structure of the capacitive elastic strain sensor is the same as that of the third embodiment, except that the outer first electrode and the outer second electrode are polyimide circuit boards.
  • the preparation of the aforementioned capacitive elastic strain sensor includes the following steps:
  • step (3) Fixing the polyimide circuit board as the external first electrode at both ends of the first conductive layer prepared in step (2);
  • a hot pressing process is used to form an elastic packaging layer on the surface of the second conductive layer.
  • the capacitive elastic strain sensor prepared above can be stitched or hot pressed and attached to smart clothing or smart wear, such as knee and elbow pads, breathing belts, body correction belts, cervical spine belts, etc., which are convenient to wear Comfortable, the same as ordinary fabric experience, can be used to detect the stress and strain of body parts, such as joint bending, muscle stretching or bending, vertebral body stretching or bending, etc. Especially when stretching, bending, kneading, squeezing and other operations, the experience is the same as ordinary fabrics.
  • a tensile strain test is performed on the elastic textile material-based capacitive elastic strain sensor prepared above, and the test result shows that the tensile-capacitance change of the elastic strain sensor is linear, and the rate of change is large.
  • the liquid metal layer is ultra-thin, the influence of the liquid metal layer is greatly reduced when subjected to external forces in practical applications, so its performance has high stability.
  • the structure of the capacitive elastic strain sensor is the same as that in Embodiment 1, except that the material of the first conductive layer is graphene, and the material of the second conductive layer is graphene.
  • the preparation of the aforementioned capacitive elastic strain sensor includes the following steps:
  • a hot pressing process is used to form an elastic packaging layer on the surface of the second conductive layer.
  • the capacitive elastic strain sensor prepared above can be stitched or hot pressed and attached to smart clothing or smart wear, such as knee and elbow pads, breathing belts, body correction belts, cervical spine belts, etc., which are convenient to wear Comfortable, the same as ordinary fabric experience, can be used to detect the stress and strain of body parts, such as joint bending, muscle stretching or bending, vertebral body stretching or bending, etc. Especially when stretching, bending, kneading, squeezing and other operations, the experience is the same as ordinary fabrics.
  • a tensile strain test is performed on the elastic textile material-based capacitive elastic strain sensor prepared above, and the test result shows that the tensile-capacitance change of the elastic strain sensor is linear, and the rate of change is large.
  • the liquid metal layer is ultra-thin, the influence of the liquid metal layer is greatly reduced when subjected to external forces in practical applications, so its performance has high stability.
  • the structure of the capacitive elastic strain sensor is the same as that in Embodiment 1, except that the material of the first conductive layer is conductive ink, and the material of the second conductive layer is conductive ink.
  • the preparation of the aforementioned capacitive elastic strain sensor includes the following steps:
  • a hot pressing process is used to form an elastic packaging layer on the surface of the second conductive layer.
  • the capacitive elastic strain sensor prepared above can be stitched or hot pressed and attached to smart clothing or smart wear, such as knee and elbow pads, breathing belts, body correction belts, cervical spine belts, etc., which are convenient to wear Comfortable, the same as ordinary fabric experience, can be used to detect the stress and strain of body parts, such as joint bending, muscle stretching or bending, vertebral body stretching or bending, etc. Especially when stretching, bending, kneading, squeezing and other operations, the experience is the same as ordinary fabrics.
  • a tensile strain test is performed on the elastic textile material-based capacitive elastic strain sensor prepared above, and the test result shows that the tensile-capacitance change of the elastic strain sensor is linear, and the rate of change is large.
  • the liquid metal layer is ultra-thin, the influence of the liquid metal layer is greatly reduced when subjected to external forces in practical applications, so its performance has high stability.
  • the structure of the capacitive elastic strain sensor is the same as that in Embodiment 1, except that the material of the first conductive layer is graphite conductive glue, and the material of the second conductive layer is graphite conductive glue.
  • the preparation of the aforementioned capacitive elastic strain sensor includes the following steps:
  • a hot pressing process is used to form an elastic packaging layer on the surface of the second conductive layer.
  • the capacitive elastic strain sensor prepared above can be stitched or hot pressed and attached to smart clothing or smart wear, such as knee and elbow pads, breathing belts, body correction belts, cervical spine belts, etc., which are convenient to wear Comfortable, the same as ordinary fabric experience, can be used to detect the stress and strain of body parts, such as joint bending, muscle stretching or bending, vertebral body stretching or bending, etc. Especially when stretching, bending, kneading, squeezing and other operations, the experience is the same as ordinary fabrics.
  • a tensile strain test is performed on the elastic textile material-based capacitive elastic strain sensor prepared above, and the test result shows that the tensile-capacitance change of the elastic strain sensor is linear, and the rate of change is large.
  • the liquid metal layer is ultra-thin, the influence of the liquid metal layer is greatly reduced when subjected to external forces in practical applications, so its performance has high stability.

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Abstract

-种电容式弹性应变传感器，以弹性纺织材料（1）为基体，包括弹性结合层（2）、第一导电层（3）、弹性介电层（4）、第二导电层（5），以及弹性封装层（6）。该电容式弹性应变传感器能够用于可穿戴产品中探测身体部位的应力应变，例如关节弯曲、肌肉拉伸或弯曲、椎体拉伸或弯曲、人体呼吸等，具有舒适、无异物感，并且由于导电层厚度较低，在实际应用中，受到折叠、揉搓、挤压等外力作用时，可保持传感器的性能稳定性。

Description

一种电容式弹性应变传感器，其制备方法与应用 技术领域
本发明涉及电容式应变传感器技术领域，特别涉及一种电容式弹性应变传感器，其制备方法与应用。
背景技术
随着可穿戴技术的发展，尤其是智能服装和智能穿戴的兴起，柔性、甚至弹性器件是未来智能服装和智能穿戴的主流趋势。同时，器件的尺寸大小也很重要，在可穿戴技术领域中，超薄器件与人体贴合性好，能够增加穿戴舒适度。
柔性甚至弹性超薄器件用于智能服装和智能穿戴，不仅能增加穿戴舒适度，而且还可探测人体各个关节运动、呼吸频率、脊柱或颈椎弯曲状态等，近年来受到人们的广泛关注。
现有报道的电容式弹性应变传感器主要有两种结构，一种是采用高分子弹性体和一定形状的金属或导电纤维组成电容结构，这种结构存在弹性应变较差，测量拉伸应变范围有限的问题；另一种是以高分子弹性体和液态金属等延展性导电体结合构成电容结构，这种结构一般采用在弹性体上构建沟道，然后在沟道中注射液态金属的制备方法，工艺较复杂。另外，这两种弹性应变传感器的厚度都较大，一般达到1000微米以上，和人体贴合较差，有异物感。这也是目前鲜有将弹性应变传感器与纺织材料相结合的报道的原因之一。除此之外，弹性应变传感器与纺织材料的结合力是另一个原因。
发明内容
针对上述技术现状，本发明提供一种电容式弹性应变传感器，以纺织材料为基体，能够作为可穿戴器件而探测身体的拉伸、弯曲等应力应变。
本发明的技术方案为：一种电容式弹性应变传感器，其特征是：以弹性纺织材料为基体，包括弹性结合层，第一导电层，第二导电层，弹性介电层与弹性封装层；
所述弹性结合层具有导电绝缘性，位于基体表面；
所述第一导电层位于弹性体结合层表面，由导电液体、导电浆料或者导电凝胶构成，与外部第一电极相连；
所述弹性介电层具有导电绝缘性，位于第一导电层表面；
所述第二导电层位于弹性介电层表面，由导电液体、导电浆料或者导电凝胶构成，与外部第二电极相连；
所述弹性封装层用于封装第一导电层与第二导电层。
本发明中，弹性是指在外力作用下能够发生弯曲、拉伸等变形，并且当外力撤除时具有一定形状恢复能力的性能。
所述纺织材料层是由棉、麻、毛、丝绸、呢绒、纤维等材料中的一种或者几种形成 的织物。
所述弹性纺织材料是有弹性的纺织材料，可以将纺织材料通过结构设计使其具有弹性，例如，通过罗纹组织使纺织材料具有弹性，或者纺织材料本身具有弹性。
所述弹性结合层材料不限，包括弹性高分子材料等。作为进一步优选，所述弹性结合层采用与纺织材料具有良好的粘结能力的弹性材料，例如热塑性弹性体(TPE)、热塑性聚氨酯弹性体橡胶聚(TPU)、二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)、脂肪族芳香族无规共聚酯(Ecoflex)、高分子聚合树脂、硅胶、橡胶、水凝胶、聚氨酯、聚乙烯辛烯共弹性体(POE)中的一种或者几种。
所述弹性介电层材料不限，包括弹性高分子材料等。作为进一步优选，所述弹性结合层采用与纺织材料具有良好的粘结能力的弹性材料，例如热塑性弹性体(TPE)、热塑性聚氨酯弹性体橡胶聚(TPU)、二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)、脂肪族芳香族无规共聚酯(Ecoflex)、高分子聚合树脂、硅胶、橡胶、水凝胶、聚氨酯、聚乙烯辛烯共弹性体(POE)中的一种或者几种。
所述弹性封装层材料不限，包括弹性高分子材料等。作为进一步优选，所述弹性结合层采用与纺织材料具有良好的粘结能力的弹性材料，例如热塑性弹性体(TPE)、热塑性聚氨酯弹性体橡胶聚(TPU)、二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)、脂肪族芳香族无规共聚酯(Ecoflex)、高分子聚合树脂、硅胶、橡胶、水凝胶、聚氨酯、聚乙烯辛烯共弹性体(POE)中的一种或者几种。
所述导电液体不限，例如液态金属、导电墨水等。
所述导电凝胶不限，例如石墨导电胶、银胶等。
所述导电浆料不限，包括石墨烯浆料，导电材料与弹性体的混合浆料等。导电材料与弹性体的混合浆料包括但不限于液态金属与弹性体的混合浆料、碳粉与弹性体的混合浆料、碳纤维与弹性体的混合浆料、石墨烯与弹性体的混合浆料、金属粉末与弹性体的混合浆料等。作为优选，液态金属与弹性体按照质量比100：(1～100)混合为浆料；碳粉和弹性体按照质量比(1～100)：100混合为浆料；碳纤维和弹性体按照质量比(1～100)：100混合为浆料；石墨烯和弹性体按照质量比(1～100)：100混合为浆料；金属粉末和弹性体按照质量比(1～100)：100混合为浆料。
所述液态金属是指在室温下为液态的金属导电材料，包括但不限于汞、镓铟合金、镓铟锡合金，以及过渡金属、固态非金属元素的一种或多种掺杂的镓铟合金、镓铟锡合金等。
所述的第一电极用于导电连接外部器件，其材料不限，包括金属材料、导电布、石墨烯、石墨导电胶、银胶、液态金属、电路板等。
所述的第二电极用于导电连接外部器件，其材料不限，包括金属材料、导电布、石墨烯、石墨导电胶、银胶、液态金属、电路板等。
作为优选，所述第一导电层厚度小于500um，优选小于100um，甚至可以小于10um。
作为优选，所述第二导电层厚度小于500um，优选小于100um，甚至可以小于 10um。
作为优选，第一导电层在弹性结合层表面呈一定图案结构。所述图案不限，包括直线、正弦线、波浪线、锯齿波、三角波、椭圆形、环形、线圈形、心形等中的一种及两种以上并列、交叉、堆叠等组成的图案。
作为优选，第二导电层在弹性介电层表面呈一定图案结构。所述图案不限，包括直线、正弦线、波浪线、锯齿波、三角波、椭圆形、环形、线圈形、心形等中的一种及两种以上并列、交叉、堆叠等组成的图案。
本发明还提供一种制备该电容式弹性应变传感器的方法，包括如下步骤：
(1)在弹性纺织材料表面制备弹性结合层；
(2)在弹性结合层表面制备第一导电层；
(3)在第一导电层表面制备弹性介电层；
(4)在弹性介电层表面制备第二导电层；
(5)在第二导电层表面制备弹性封装层。
所述步骤(1)中，在弹性纺织材料表面制备弹性结合层的方法不限，考虑到弹性纺织材料的材料特性，作为优选，采用热压方法在纺织材料表面制备弹性结合层，实践证明，该方法能够充分发挥纺织材料的材料特性，得到与纺织材料结合性高，制备简单、成品率高的弹性结合层。
所述步骤(2)中，在弹性结合层表面制备第一导电层的方法不限。本发明优选采用镂空模板，将模板放置在弹性粘结层表面，然后将导电液体、导电浆料或者导电凝胶浇注、涂覆、印刷或者热压在模板的镂空中，得到第一导电层，最后去除模板。其中，所述模板用于形成第一导电层，在第一导电层制备过程中起到导电材料边界定位的作用，当第一导电层形成后即可直接方便地去掉所述模具。当第一导电层呈一定图案时，所述模板用于形成图案化的第一导电层，在第一导电层制备过程中起到导电材料图案边界定位的作用，当图案化的第一导电层属层形成后即可直接去掉所述模具。因此本发明中的模具作用不同与现有技术中的掩膜板，一方面能够得到三维尺寸较小的第一导电层模具，另一方面在模具中填充导电浆料后能够方便简单地去除模具材料，从而能够方便地获得三维尺寸较小的第一导电层，尤其是能够方便地获得厚度与宽度较小的第一导电层，其厚度超薄，可达到百微米量级，优选小于500um，更优选小于100um，甚至小于10um。
所述步骤(3)中，在第一导电层表面制备弹性介电层的方法不限，包括印刷、烘烤、热压等方法。
所述步骤(4)中，在弹性介电层表面制备第二导电层的方法不限。本发明优选采用镂空模板，将模板放置在弹性粘结层表面，然后将导电液体、导电浆料或者导电凝胶浇注、涂覆、印刷或者热压在模板的镂空中，得到第二导电层，最后去除模板。其中，所述模板用于形成第二导电层，在第二导电层制备过程中起到导电材料边界定位的作用，当第二导电层形成后即可直接方便地去掉所述模具。当第二导电层呈一定图案时，所述 模板用于形成图案化的第二导电层，在第二导电层制备过程中起到导电材料图案边界定位的作用，当图案化的第二导电层属层形成后即可直接去掉所述模具。因此本发明中的模具作用不同与现有技术中的掩膜板，一方面能够得到三维尺寸较小的第二导电层模具，另一方面在模具中填充导电浆料后能够方便简单地去除模具材料，从而能够方便地获得三维尺寸较小的第二导电层，尤其是能够方便地获得厚度与宽度较小的第二导电层，其厚度超薄，可达到百微米量级，优选小于500um，更优选小于100um，甚至小于10um。
所述步骤(5)中，在第二导电层表面制备弹性封装层的方法不限，包括印刷、烘烤、热压等方法。
与现有技术相比，本发明具有如下有益效果：
(1)本发明将电容式弹性应变传感器与纺织材料相结合，因此能够将电容式弹性应变传感器用于可穿戴设备中，例如与智能服装或者智能穿戴缝合或热压贴合，用于探测身体部位的应力应变，例如关节弯曲、肌肉拉伸或弯曲、椎体拉伸或弯曲等，弹性舒适；
(2)本发明的电容式弹性应变传感器厚度较低，无异物感，尤其是第一导电层与第二导电层的厚度能够达到百微米量级，优选小于500um，更优选小于100um，甚至小于10um，从而可以提高传感器的可穿戴性与舒适性，并且在实际应用中受到折叠、揉搓、挤压等外力作用时由于液态金属层超薄而大大降低所遭受的影响，从而有利于提高传感器的性能稳定性。
附图说明
图1是本发明电容式弹性应变传感器的截面结构示意图。
图2是本发明实施例1中电容式弹性应变传感器的拉伸应变测试图。
图1中的附图标记为：1-弹性纺织材料，2-弹性粘合层，3-第一导电层，4-弹性介电层，5-第二导电层，6-弹性封装层，7-外接第一电极，8-外接第二电极
具体实施方式
下面结合附图与实施例对本发明作进一步详细描述，需要指出的是，以下所述实施例旨在便于对本发明的理解，而对其不起任何限定作用。
实施例1：
本实施例中，电容式弹性应变传感器结构如图1所示，以弹性纺织材料为基体，由弹性结合层，第一导电层，第二导电层，弹性介电层与弹性封装层组成。弹性结合层具有导电绝缘性，位于基体表面；第一导电层位于弹性体结合层表面，由液态金属构成，与外部第一电极相连；弹性介电层具有导电绝缘性，位于第一导电层表面；第二导电层位于弹性介电层表面，由液态金属构成，与外部第二电极相连；弹性封装层用于封装第一导电层与第二导电层。
本实施例中，弹性纺织材料选择氨纶布，弹性体粘合层、弹性体介电层、弹性体封装层都选择热塑性聚氨酯弹性体橡胶聚(TPU)，第一导电层与第二导电层为液态金属 GaInSn，外部第一电极与外部第二电极为铜片。
本实施例中，第一导电层与第二导电层的厚度均为100μm。
本实施例中，上述电容式弹性应变传感器的制备包括如下步骤：
(1)在弹性纺织材料上采用热压工艺成型弹性粘合层；
(2)在弹性粘合层表面放置镂空模板；然后，通过印刷将液态金属GaInSn填充在模板中；接着，去除模板材料，得到第一导电层；
(3)在步骤(2)制得的第一导电层的两端贴合细铜片作为外部第一电极；
(4)在第一导电层表面采用热压工艺成型弹性介电层；
(5)在弹性介电层表面放置镂空模板；然后，通过印刷将液态金属GaInSn填充在模板中；接着，去除模板材料，得到第二导电层；
(6)在第二导电层的两端贴合细铜片作为外部第二电极；
(7)在第二导电层表面采用热压工艺成型弹性封装层。
上述制得的电容式弹性应变传感器可缝合或热压贴合在智能服装或者智能穿戴上，例如护膝护肘、呼吸带、形体矫正带、颈椎带等上面，穿戴时方便舒适，与普通的织物体验感相同，可用于探测身体部位的应力应变，例如关节弯曲、肌肉拉伸或弯曲、椎体拉伸或弯曲等，尤其是当拉伸、弯曲、揉搓、挤压等操作下与普通的织物体验感相同。
对上述制得的弹性纺织材料基电容式弹性应变传感器进行拉伸应变测试，测试结果如图2所示，可以看出，该弹性应变传感器的拉伸-电容变化为线性变化，拉伸30％，电容变化500pF左右，变化率大。另外，由于其中的液态金属层超薄，当在实际应用中受到外力作用时液态金属层所遭受的影响大大降低，因此其性能具有高稳定性。
实施例2：
本实施例中，电容式弹性应变传感器结构与实施例1中的结构相同，所不同的是第一导电层在弹性粘合层表面呈并列正弦图形，第二导电层在弹性介电层表面呈并列正弦图形。
本实施例中，上述电容式弹性应变传感器的制备包括如下步骤：
(1)在弹性纺织材料上采用热压工艺成型弹性粘合层；
(2)在弹性粘合层表面放置镂空模板；然后，通过印刷将液态金属GaInSn填充在模板中；接着，去除模板材料，得到呈并列正弦图形的第一导电层；
(3)在步骤(2)制得的每一条呈正弦图形的液态金属的两端贴合细铜片作为外部第一电极；
(4)在第一导电层表面采用热压工艺成型弹性介电层；
(5)在弹性介电层表面放置镂空模板；然后，通过印刷将液态金属GaInSn填充在模板中；接着，去除模板材料，得到呈并列正弦图形的第二导电层；
(6)在第二导电层的两端贴合细铜片作为外部第二电极；
(7)在第二导电层表面采用热压工艺成型弹性封装层。
与实施例1相同，上述制得的电容式弹性应变传感器可缝合或热压贴合在智能服 装或者智能穿戴上，例如护膝护肘、呼吸带、形体矫正带、颈椎带等上面，穿戴时方便舒适，与普通的织物体验感相同，可用于探测身体部位的应力应变，例如关节弯曲、肌肉拉伸或弯曲、椎体拉伸或弯曲等。尤其是当拉伸、弯曲、揉搓、挤压等操作下与普通的织物体验感相同。对上述制得的弹性纺织材料基电容式弹性应变传感器进行拉伸应变测试，测试结果显示该弹性应变传感器的拉伸-电容变化为线性变化，变化率大。另外，由于其中的液态金属层超薄，当在实际应用中受到外力作用时液态金属层所遭受的影响大大降低，因此其性能具有高稳定性。
实施例3：
本实施例中，电容式弹性应变传感器结构如图1所示，以弹性纺织材料为基体，由弹性结合层，第一导电层，第二导电层，弹性介电层与弹性封装层组成。弹性结合层具有导电绝缘性，位于基体表面；第一导电层位于弹性体结合层表面，由液态金属构成，与外部第一电极相连；弹性介电层具有导电绝缘性，位于第一导电层表面；第二导电层位于弹性介电层表面，由液态金属构成，与外部第二电极相连；弹性封装层用于封装第一导电层与第二导电层。
本实施例中，弹性纺织材料选择氨纶布，弹性体粘合层、弹性体介电层、弹性体封装层都选择二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)，第一导电层与第二导电层为液态金属GaInSn，外部第一电极与外部第二电极为导电布。
本实施例中，第一导电层与第二导电层的厚度均为50μm。
本实施例中，上述电容式弹性应变传感器的制备包括如下步骤：
(1)在弹性纺织材料上采用热压工艺成型弹性粘合层；
(2)在弹性粘合层表面放置镂空模板；然后，通过印刷将液态金属GaInSn填充在模板中；接着，去除模板材料，得到第一导电层；
(3)在步骤(2)制得的第一导电层的两端热压贴合导电布作为外部第一电极；
(4)在第一导电层表面采用热压工艺成型弹性介电层；
(5)在弹性介电层表面放置镂空模板；然后，通过印刷将液态金属GaInSn填充在模板中；接着，去除模板材料，得到第二导电层；
(6)在第二导电层的两端热压贴合导电布作为外部第二电极；
(7)在第二导电层表面采用热压工艺成型弹性封装层。
与实施例1相同，上述制得的电容式弹性应变传感器可缝合或热压贴合在智能服装或者智能穿戴上，例如护膝护肘、呼吸带、形体矫正带、颈椎带等上面，穿戴时方便舒适，与普通的织物体验感相同，可用于探测身体部位的应力应变，例如关节弯曲、肌肉拉伸或弯曲、椎体拉伸或弯曲等。尤其是当拉伸、弯曲、揉搓、挤压等操作下与普通的织物体验感相同。对上述制得的弹性纺织材料基电容式弹性应变传感器进行拉伸应变测试，测试结果显示该弹性应变传感器的拉伸-电容变化为线性变化，变化率大。另外，由于其中的液态金属层超薄，当在实际应用中受到外力作用时液态金属层所遭受的影响大大降低，因此其性能具有高稳定性。
实施例4：
本实施例中，电容式弹性应变传感器结构与实施例3中的结构相同，所不同的是外部第一电极与外部第二电极为聚酰亚胺电路板。
本实施例中，上述电容式弹性应变传感器的制备包括如下步骤：
(1)在弹性纺织材料上采用热压工艺成型弹性粘合层；
(2)在弹性粘合层表面放置镂空模板；然后，通过印刷将液态金属GaInSn填充在模板中；接着，去除模板材料，得到第一导电层；
(3)在步骤(2)制得的第一导电层的两端固定聚酰亚胺电路板作为外部第一电极；
(4)在第一导电层表面采用热压工艺成型弹性介电层；
(5)在弹性介电层表面放置镂空模板；然后，通过印刷将液态金属GaInSn填充在模板中；接着，去除模板材料，得到第二导电层；
(6)在第二导电层的两端固定聚酰亚胺电路板作为外部第二电极；
(7)在第二导电层表面采用热压工艺成型弹性封装层。
与实施例3相同，上述制得的电容式弹性应变传感器可缝合或热压贴合在智能服装或者智能穿戴上，例如护膝护肘、呼吸带、形体矫正带、颈椎带等上面，穿戴时方便舒适，与普通的织物体验感相同，可用于探测身体部位的应力应变，例如关节弯曲、肌肉拉伸或弯曲、椎体拉伸或弯曲等。尤其是当拉伸、弯曲、揉搓、挤压等操作下与普通的织物体验感相同。对上述制得的弹性纺织材料基电容式弹性应变传感器进行拉伸应变测试，测试结果显示该弹性应变传感器的拉伸-电容变化为线性变化，变化率大。另外，由于其中的液态金属层超薄，当在实际应用中受到外力作用时液态金属层所遭受的影响大大降低，因此其性能具有高稳定性。
实施例5：
本实施例中，电容式弹性应变传感器结构与实施例1中的结构相同，所不同的是第一导电层材料为石墨烯，第二导电层材料为石墨烯。
本实施例中，上述电容式弹性应变传感器的制备包括如下步骤：
(1)在弹性纺织材料上采用热压工艺成型弹性粘合层；
(2)在弹性粘合层表面放置镂空模板；然后，通过印刷将石墨烯浆料填充在模板中；接着，去除模板材料，得到第一导电层；
(3)在步骤(2)制得的第一导电层的两端贴合细铜片作为外部第一电极；
(4)在第一导电层表面采用热压工艺成型弹性介电层；
(5)在弹性介电层表面放置镂空模板；然后，通过印刷将石墨烯浆料填充在模板中；接着，去除模板材料，得到第二导电层；
(6)在第二导电层的两端贴合细铜片作为外部第二电极；
(7)在第二导电层表面采用热压工艺成型弹性封装层。
与实施例1相同，上述制得的电容式弹性应变传感器可缝合或热压贴合在智能服装或者智能穿戴上，例如护膝护肘、呼吸带、形体矫正带、颈椎带等上面，穿戴时方便 舒适，与普通的织物体验感相同，可用于探测身体部位的应力应变，例如关节弯曲、肌肉拉伸或弯曲、椎体拉伸或弯曲等。尤其是当拉伸、弯曲、揉搓、挤压等操作下与普通的织物体验感相同。对上述制得的弹性纺织材料基电容式弹性应变传感器进行拉伸应变测试，测试结果显示该弹性应变传感器的拉伸-电容变化为线性变化，变化率大。另外，由于其中的液态金属层超薄，当在实际应用中受到外力作用时液态金属层所遭受的影响大大降低，因此其性能具有高稳定性。
实施例6：
本实施例中，电容式弹性应变传感器结构与实施例1中的结构相同，所不同的是第一导电层材料为导电墨水，第二导电层材料为导电墨水。
本实施例中，上述电容式弹性应变传感器的制备包括如下步骤：
(1)在弹性纺织材料上采用热压工艺成型弹性粘合层；
(2)在弹性粘合层表面放置镂空模板；然后，通过印刷将导电墨水填充在模板中；接着，去除模板材料，得到第一导电层；
(3)在步骤(2)制得的第一导电层的两端贴合细铜片作为外部第一电极；
(4)在第一导电层表面采用热压工艺成型弹性介电层；
(5)在弹性介电层表面放置镂空模板；然后，通过印刷将导电墨水填充在模板中；接着，去除模板材料，得到第二导电层；
(6)在第二导电层的两端贴合细铜片作为外部第二电极；
(7)在第二导电层表面采用热压工艺成型弹性封装层。
与实施例1相同，上述制得的电容式弹性应变传感器可缝合或热压贴合在智能服装或者智能穿戴上，例如护膝护肘、呼吸带、形体矫正带、颈椎带等上面，穿戴时方便舒适，与普通的织物体验感相同，可用于探测身体部位的应力应变，例如关节弯曲、肌肉拉伸或弯曲、椎体拉伸或弯曲等。尤其是当拉伸、弯曲、揉搓、挤压等操作下与普通的织物体验感相同。对上述制得的弹性纺织材料基电容式弹性应变传感器进行拉伸应变测试，测试结果显示该弹性应变传感器的拉伸-电容变化为线性变化，变化率大。另外，由于其中的液态金属层超薄，当在实际应用中受到外力作用时液态金属层所遭受的影响大大降低，因此其性能具有高稳定性。
实施例7：
本实施例中，电容式弹性应变传感器结构与实施例1中的结构相同，所不同的是第一导电层材料为石墨导电胶，第二导电层材料为石墨导电胶。
本实施例中，上述电容式弹性应变传感器的制备包括如下步骤：
(1)在弹性纺织材料上采用热压工艺成型弹性粘合层；
(2)在弹性粘合层表面放置镂空模板；然后，通过印刷将石墨导电胶填充在模板中；接着，去除模板材料，得到第一导电层；
(3)在步骤(2)制得的第一导电层的两端贴合细铜片作为外部第一电极；
(4)在第一导电层表面采用热压工艺成型弹性介电层；
(5)在弹性介电层表面放置镂空模板；然后，通过印刷将石墨导电胶填充在模板中；接着，去除模板材料，得到第二导电层；
(6)在第二导电层的两端贴合细铜片作为外部第二电极；
(7)在第二导电层表面采用热压工艺成型弹性封装层。
与实施例1相同，上述制得的电容式弹性应变传感器可缝合或热压贴合在智能服装或者智能穿戴上，例如护膝护肘、呼吸带、形体矫正带、颈椎带等上面，穿戴时方便舒适，与普通的织物体验感相同，可用于探测身体部位的应力应变，例如关节弯曲、肌肉拉伸或弯曲、椎体拉伸或弯曲等。尤其是当拉伸、弯曲、揉搓、挤压等操作下与普通的织物体验感相同。对上述制得的弹性纺织材料基电容式弹性应变传感器进行拉伸应变测试，测试结果显示该弹性应变传感器的拉伸-电容变化为线性变化，变化率大。另外，由于其中的液态金属层超薄，当在实际应用中受到外力作用时液态金属层所遭受的影响大大降低，因此其性能具有高稳定性。
以上所述的实施例对本发明的技术方案和有益效果进行了详细说明，应理解的是以上所述仅为本发明的具体实施例，并不用于限制本发明，凡在本发明的原则范围内所做的任何修改和改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (28)

  1. 一种电容式弹性应变传感器，其特征是：以弹性纺织材料为基体，包括弹性结合层，第一导电层，第二导电层，弹性介电层与弹性封装层；
    所述弹性结合层具有导电绝缘性，位于基体表面；
    所述第一导电层位于弹性体结合层表面，由导电液体、导电浆料或者导电凝胶构成，与外部第一电极相连；
    所述弹性介电层具有导电绝缘性，位于第一导电层表面；
    所述第二导电层位于弹性介电层表面，由导电液体、导电浆料或者导电凝胶构成，与外部第二电极相连；
    所述弹性封装层用于封装第一导电层与第二导电层。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的电容式弹性应变传感器，其特征是：所述弹性纺织材料层是由棉、麻、毛、丝绸、呢绒、纤维材料中的一种或者几种形成的织物。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的电容式弹性应变传感器，其特征是：所述弹性结合层材料包括弹性高分子材料。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的电容式弹性应变传感器，其特征是：所述弹性结合层材料是TPE、TPU、PDMS、Ecoflex、高分子聚合树脂、硅胶、橡胶、水凝胶、聚氨酯、POE中的一种或者几种。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的电容式弹性应变传感器，其特征是：所述弹性介电层材料包括弹性高分子材料。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的电容式弹性应变传感器，其特征是：所述弹性介电层材料是TPE、TPU、PDMS、Ecoflex、高分子聚合树脂、硅胶、橡胶、水凝胶、聚氨酯、POE中的一种或者几种。
  7. 如权利要求1所述的电容式弹性应变传感器，其特征是：所述弹性封装层材料包括弹性高分子材料。
  8. 如权利要求7所述的电容式弹性应变传感器，其特征是：所述弹性封装层材料是TPE、TPU、PDMS、Ecoflex、高分子聚合树脂、硅胶、橡胶、水凝胶、聚氨酯、POE中的一种或者几种。
  9. 如权利要求1所述的电容式弹性应变传感器，其特征是：所述导电液体包括液态金属、导电墨水中的一种。
  10. 如权利要求1所述的电容式弹性应变传感器，其特征是：所述导电凝胶包括石墨导电胶、银胶中的一种。
  11. 如权利要求1所述的电容式弹性应变传感器，其特征是：所述导电浆料包括石墨烯浆料，以及导电材料与弹性体的混合浆料。
  12. 如权利要求11所述的电容式弹性应变传感器，其特征是：导电材料与弹性体的混合浆料包括液态金属与弹性体的混合浆料、碳粉与弹性体的混合浆料、碳纤维与弹性体的混合浆料、石墨烯与弹性体的混合浆料、金属粉末与弹性体的混合浆料。
  13. 如权利要求1所述的电容式弹性应变传感器，其特征是：所述第一电极的材料 包括金属材料、导电布、石墨烯、石墨导电胶、银胶、液态金属、电路板中的一种。
  14. 如权利要求1所述的电容式弹性应变传感器，其特征是：所述第二电极的材料包括金属材料、导电布、石墨烯、石墨导电胶、银胶、液态金属、电路板中的一种。
  15. 如权利要求1所述的电容式弹性应变传感器，其特征是：所述第一导电层厚度小于500μm。
  16. 如权利要求15所述的电容式弹性应变传感器，其特征是：所述第一导电层厚度小于100μm。
  17. 如权利要求16所述的电容式弹性应变传感器，其特征是：所述第一导电层厚度小于10μm。
  18. 如权利要求1所述的电容式弹性应变传感器，其特征是：所述第二导电层厚度小于500μm。
  19. 如权利要求18所述的电容式弹性应变传感器，其特征是：所述第二导电层厚度小于100μm。
  20. 如权利要求19所述的电容式弹性应变传感器，其特征是：所述第二导电层厚度小于10μm。
  21. 如权利要求1至20中任一权利要求所述的电容式弹性应变传感器的制备方法，其特征是：包括如下步骤：
    (1)在弹性纺织材料表面制备弹性结合层；
    (2)在弹性结合层表面制备第一导电层；
    (3)在第一导电层表面制备弹性介电层；
    (4)在弹性介电层表面制备第二导电层；
    (5)在第二导电层表面制备弹性封装层。
  22. 如权利要求21所述的电容式弹性应变传感器的制备方法，其特征是：所述步骤(1)中，采用热压、涂覆或烘烤的方法在纺织材料表面制备弹性结合层。
  23. 如权利要求21所述的电容式弹性应变传感器的制备方法，其特征是：所述步骤(2)中，采用镂空模板，将模板放置在弹性粘结层表面，然后将导电液体、导电浆料或者导电凝胶浇注、涂覆或印刷在模板的镂空中，得到第一导电层，最后去除模板。
  24. 如权利要求21所述的电容式弹性应变传感器的制备方法，其特征是：所述步骤(4)中，采用镂空模板，将模板放置在弹性粘结层表面，然后将导电液体、导电浆料或者导电凝胶浇注、涂覆或印刷在模板的镂空中，得到第二导电层，最后去除模板。
  25. 如权利要求21所述的电容式弹性应变传感器的制备方法，其特征是：所述步骤(5)中，采用热压、涂覆或烘烤的方法在第二导电层表面制备弹性封装层。
  26. 一种可穿戴产品，其特征是：包括权利要求1至20中任一权利要求所述的电容式弹性应变传感器。
  27. 如权利要求26所述的可穿戴产品，其特征是：采用缝合或热压贴合的方法，将权利要求1至20中任一权利要求所述的电容式弹性应变传感器集成在可穿戴产品上。
  28. 如权利要求26所述的可穿戴产品，其特征是：所述的电容式弹性应变传感器 用于探测关节弯曲、肌肉拉伸或弯曲、椎体拉伸或弯曲、人体呼吸。
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