WO2021009719A1

WO2021009719A1 - An improved photovoltaic panel

Info

Publication number: WO2021009719A1
Application number: PCT/IB2020/056733
Authority: WO
Inventors: Sante Bortoletto
Original assignee: Invent S.R.L.
Priority date: 2019-07-17
Filing date: 2020-07-17
Publication date: 2021-01-21
Also published as: IT201900012141A1

Abstract

Photovoltaic panel (2) characterized in that it comprises: - an assembly (10) comprising an array (3) of photovoltaic cells (4) interposed between two layers (8', 8") of encapsulating material, said photovoltaic cells 4) being electronically connected to each other by bands (6), - a sheet (20) of transparent and/or translucent material associated with the front surface, intended to be visible, of said assembly (10), said sheet (20) of transparent and/or translucent material comprising decorations (24) which are obtained by at least a processing carried out directly on the surface of said sheet (20) of transparent and/or translucent material and/or within the thickness of said sheet (20) of transparent and/or translucent material and which are positioned and configured in such a way such as to cover and/or frontally obscure the connection bands (6) between the photovoltaic cells (4), a rear sheet (12) of electrically insulating material (12) associated with the rear surface of said assembly (10), said rear sheet (12) comprising on its internal surface (27) portions (28) which are defined at least in correspondence with the spaces defined between the photovoltaic cells (4) and which are colored and/or decorated so as to be substantially the same color as the photovoltaic cells (4), and characterized in that it also comprises a display (11) which faces and covers, at least in part, said sheet (20) of transparent and/or translucent material, said display (11) comprising a plurality of lighting elements (15) which, in the face of their controlled activation, define an image or video.

Description

AN IMPROVED PHOTOVOLTAIC PANEL.

The present invention relates to an improved photovoltaic panel.

It is known that a photovoltaic panel is an optoelectronic device comprising a matrix of photovoltaic cells capable of converting the incident solar energy into electrical energy by means of a photovoltaic effect.

Traditional photovoltaic panels are not completely satisfactory as they are quite expensive and complicated to install, as well as generally need dedicated external equipment (for example inverters) which must be properly connected to the electricity network.

Furthermore, the aesthetic yield of traditional photovoltaic panels is low and, therefore, their diffusion, particularly in the urban domestic context, is rather limited. In particular, currently, there are laws, guidelines and/or regulations (generally proposed by local administrations) that limit the installation of these panels in areas of landscape and/or cultural interest, such as historic centers, or in the vicinity of monuments.

KR101909256 describes a photovoltaic cell module which comprises: a layer of LEDs, a layer which covers the top of the LED layer, a layer of photovoltaic cells which is applied below the LED layer. Furthermore, a substrate containing the control and power electronics is applied below the layer of photovoltaic cells.

KR101222094 describes an LED sign consisting of a rear layer, an assembly formed by a matrix of photovoltaic cells interposed between two layers of encapsulating material, a front glass layer above which a layer of transparent material is applied to which inside there are a plurality of LEDs.

KR200901 10131 describes a photovoltaic module integrated in buildings

(i.e. BIPV) comprising a matrix of photovoltaic cells which is associated, by means of a respective adhesive panel, frontally to an insulating panel and rearwardly to another panel; the photovoltaic module also comprises a plurality of LEDs installed inside a front plate which is fixed, by means of an adhesive panel, to said insulating panel applied frontally to the array of photovoltaic cells.

EP3316478 generically describes a solar module in which LEDs are positioned in the spaces between the photovoltaic cells, thus forming maxi- screens for displaying images or writings.

The object of the present invention is to propose an improved photovoltaic panel capable of eliminating the drawbacks of traditional panels and which, at the same time, presents additional functions. Another object of the invention is to propose a panel which presents a remarkable simplicity of installation.

Another object of the invention is to propose a panel that can be used as a vehicle for information and/or messages and/or images, also of a dynamic type (i.e. variable over time).

Another object of the invention is to propose a photovoltaic panel, configured to act as a display, which is optimized from a constructive and functional point of view.

Another object of the invention is to propose a photovoltaic panel, configured to act as a display, which provides the observer with an optimal optical effect and in which the writings/images are displayed on a homogeneously colored background.

Another object of the invention is to propose a panel which constitutes the optimal solution, in terms of simplicity of construction, for modifying the aesthetic aspect of a traditional photovoltaic panel.

Another object of the invention is to propose a panel with low aesthetic impact and/or which in any case can be easily integrated in an urban context, or in the context of the home or building, without in any way disfiguring the surrounding territory.

Another object of the invention is to propose a panel that is highly customizable and aesthetically pleasing and suitable for providing the user with the feeling of being in front of a high quality product, both aesthetically and functionally.

Another object of the invention is to propose a panel which has a high performance.

Another object of the invention is to propose a panel which can be mass- produced quickly and efficiently.

Another object of the invention is to propose a panel that can be either autonomous and independent from the national electricity grid (i.e. "off-grid") or connected to the electricity grid (i.e. "on-grid").

Another object of the invention is to propose a panel which allows to optimize the production and energy consumption cycle.

Another object of the invention is to propose a panel which presents an alternative characterization, both in construction and functional terms, with respect to the traditional ones.

Another object of the invention is to propose a panel which is visually different from the traditional ones, without changing the efficiency of the panel itself.

Another object of the invention is to propose a panel which is particularly compact and which integrates a large part or all of the elements necessary for its operation.

Another object of the invention is to propose a panel which results in high standards, both functional and aesthetic, thus allowing the possibility of its diffusion on a large scale.

All these purposes, whether considered alone or in any combination thereof, and others which will result from the following description are achieved, according to the invention, with an improved photovoltaic panel with the characteristics indicated in claim 1. The present invention further clarified below in a preferred form of practical embodiment thereof, given for purely illustrative and non-limiting purposes, with reference to the attached drawings, in which:

Figure 1 shows an exploded perspective view of a photovoltaic panel according to the invention,

Figure 2 shows a front perspective view of the panel according to the invention in a first installation mode,

Figure 3 shows a front perspective view of the panel according to the invention in a first installation mode,

Figure 4 shows a front view of the panel according to the invention,

Figure 5 shows it in a front perspective view the panel according to the invention,

Figure 6 shows the panel in rear view with the laminar closure element at the rear,

Figures 7a-7f show in section in three different embodiments,

Figure 8 shows a front view of the internal surface of the rear sheet,

Figure 9 shows a front view of the photovoltaic cells applied on the rear sheet of Fig. 8,

Figure 10 shows a front view of the panel according to the invention with the display removed,

Figure 1 1 shows the panel of fig. 10 with the display on, and

Figure 12 shows an enlarged detail of fig. 1 1.

As can be seen from the figures, the photovoltaic panel 2 according to the invention comprises a array 3 of photovoltaic cells 4.

Suitably, the photovoltaic panel 2 is of the type which can be installed vertically, or slightly inclined with respect to the vertical. In particular, the photovoltaic panel 2 can be associated with a wall, a roof or can be supported by a suitable base. Suitably, the photovoltaic panel 2 can be of the type intended to be installed horizontally, or inclined with respect to the horizontal. In particular, the photovoltaic panel 2 can be installed so as to define an outdoor floor or, in general, a covering of a walking surface.

Preferably, the photovoltaic panel 2 is of the laminated type.

Preferably, the photovoltaic panel 2 has a substantially flat development. Suitably, the photovoltaic panel 2 has a substantially curved development.

Preferably, the panel substantially comprises sixty photovoltaic cells 4 having conversion efficiency of about 15-18%.

Suitably, the photovoltaic cells 4 can be made of silicon, and preferably of monocrystalline silicon. Alternatively, the photovoltaic cells 4 can be made of polycrystalline or amorphous silicon or CIGS (“Copper Indium Gallium Selenide” i.e. Indium Gallium Selenide and copper) or CIS (Copper Indium Selenide, i.e. Indium Selenide and copper). Alternatively, the cells 4 can be made from organic material s, for example from polymers (e.g. poly (3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene): poly (4-styrenesulfonate), PEDOT: PSS) or from molecules (e.g. phthalocyanines or fullerenes).

Suitably, said photovoltaic cells 4 are blue and/or black in color of crystalline or amorphous silicon. Suitably, the photovoltaic cells 4 - and in particular their exposed surfaces - can be configured to be of a different color from the traditional blue and/or black, that is to reflect mainly the light of a certain color, which can be gray for example metallic, green, violet, golden, or brick red. Advantageously, the coloring of each cell 4 can be obtained by engineering the various layers which form the cell itself, as for example described in EP2154727.

Preferably, each cell 4 comprises an external anti-reflective layer which is generally made of Si02, SiNx, optionally added with hydrogen or ZnS. Suitably, the cell 4 is configured so as to have a final efficiency of between 15 and 20%, and preferably between 16 and 19%. The photovoltaic cells 4 of the array 3 are electrically connected to each other by connection bands 6, defined as ribbons, which are preferably made of copper covered with a tin alloy. Suitably, the connection bands 6 are provided frontally on the cells 4, however they could also be provided on the back of the cells themselves, as provided by the "back-contact" technology.

The array 3 of photovoltaic cells 4 is interposed between two layers of encapsulating material - respectively 8’ (the upper/front one) and 8" (the rear/lower one) - preferably EVA (ethylene-vinyl acetate).

Conveniently, therefore, the panel 2 comprises an assembly 10 formed by the array 3 of photovoltaic cells 4 interposed and laminated between the two layers 8’ and 8" of encapsulating material.

The front layer of encapsulating material is associated with a sheet 20 in transparent and/or translucent material. Preferably, the front sheet 20 is made of glass. Suitably, the front sheet 20 has the function of protecting and guaranteeing robustness to the entire photovoltaic panel 2 while maintaining high transparency.

Preferably, the front sheet 20 is made of prismatic solar glass with high light transmittance, so as not to substantially reduce the efficiency of the photovoltaic panel 2.

Furthermore, the front sheet 20 is preferably tempered. Conveniently, the front sheet 20 has a thickness of 2-10 mm, and preferably at least about 2-4 mm to guarantee the appropriate structural properties.

Advantageously, the capturing surface of the sheet 20 of transparent and/or translucent material can be treated with a nanotechnological process which gives the surface itself the property of concentrating dirt or powder, without limiting the yield of the panel 2 and promoting periodic cleaning of the same.

Furthermore, the capturing surface of the front sheet 20 can be treated in such a way as to make it non-slip, for example by creating a surface that has a texture defined by a series of reliefs and/or incisions. Advantageously, the sheet 20 of transparent and/or translucent material of the photovoltaic panel 2 can have a decoration 24 which can be a writing, an image, a coloring and/or a color coupling, etc. Conveniently, the decoration is obtained with any glass processing technique, such as laser engraving, screen printing, sandblasting, etc. Alternatively, the decoration 24 can be made by painting, or printing, preferably with fluorescent inks capable of absorbing ultraviolet radiation, so as to absorb less visible light, and therefore allow greater efficiency of the solar panel 2, or even for enamelling, or with other methods.

Preferably, the sheet 20 of transparent and/or translucent material can be suitably worked and/or treated according to the provisions of WO2018025249, the content of which is intended to be incorporated herein entirely by reference.

Advantageously, on the sheet 20 of transparent and/or translucent material a further sheet, or even more additional sheets, of a particularly reduced thickness and of identical or different color with respect to the underlying sheet can also be placed.

Conveniently, above the sheet 20 of transparent and/or translucent material, an additional sheet in electrochromic material can be positioned which, preferably, can use the energy generated by the solar panel 2 to be put in and/or kept in operation. For example, said additional sheet in electrochromic material can pass between an opaque and colored configuration (for example of an opaque white color) in which the photovoltaic cell array 3 is, at least partially obscured, and a transparent configuration in which the photovoltaic cell array 3 is, at least partially, capable of receiving electromagnetic radiation from the outside.

In an embodiment not shown, to the front sheet 20, and in particular to its external and/or internal surface, a film can be associated comprising a plurality of light sources (preferably LED), which for example can be used to compose a static or moving image (i.e. a movie). Basically, in this way it is possible to transform the photovoltaic panel 2 into a monitor.

The panel 2 also comprises a display 1 1 which faces and covers - at least in part, preferably in its entirety - the sheet 20 of transparent and/or translucent material and/or the array 3 of the photovoltaic cells 4.

Conveniently, the display 1 1 is intended to be visible when panel 2 is installed and/or in use.

Advantageously, as represented in the embodiment of fig. 7a, the display 1 1 is in direct contact with the external surface 29 of the sheet 20 of transparent and/or translucent material. Preferably, the display 1 1 can be applied, preferably is glued, directly on the external surface 29 of the sheet 20 of transparent and/or translucent material.

Advantageously, as shown in the embodiment of fig. 7b, the display 1 1 faces but slightly spaced from the underlying sheet 20 of transparent and/or translucent material, substantially generating a cavity 30. Conveniently, in this case, the display 1 1 is supported by a frame 22, preferably having the characteristics described below.

Advantageously, as represented in the embodiment of fig. 7c, the display 1 1 is interposed between the front layer 8’ of encapsulating material and the sheet 20 of transparent and/or translucent material. Preferably, in this case, between the display 1 1 and the sheet 20 there is an additional layer 8'" of encapsulating material and, therefore, both faces of the display 1 1 are in direct contact with corresponding layers of encapsulating material 8’ and 8". Advantageously, as represented in the embodiments of figs. 7d, 7e, 7f, the display 1 1 is applied to the internal surface of a further sheet 39 which is positioned superiorly/frontally with respect to the sheet 20 of transparent and/or translucent material. Conveniently, in this case, the display 1 1 applied to the further sheet 39 can be in contact with the underlying sheet 20 of transparent and/or translucent material (see fig. 7d), or it can be slightly spaced from the latter (see fig. 7e, 7f). Conveniently, the display 1 1 is applied on the surface of said further sheet 39 facing the underlying sheet 20 of transparent and/or translucent material. Conveniently, in this case, the display 1 1 and/or said further sheet 39, on which the display 1 1 is applied, can be supported by a frame 22, preferably having the characteristics described below. Conveniently, said further sheet 39, which acts as a support for the display 1 1 , is also made of transparent and/or translucent material, preferably it is made of glass. Preferably, said further sheet 39 is of the same material with which said sheet 20 of transparent and/or translucent material is made. Advantageously, the sheet 20 of transparent and/or translucent material (which is suitably laminated with the assembly 10 and the rear sheet 12), and said further sheet 39 define a "double glazing" in which the display 1 1 is contained. Preferably, in this case, the frame 22 keeps said sheet 20 spaced from said further sheet 39 and also acts as a perimeter seal.

Advantageously, said further sheet 39, which is positioned superiorly/frontally with respect to said sheet 20 of transparent and/or translucent material, comprises decorations 24 which are obtained by at least a processing carried out directly on the surface of said further sheet and/or inside the thickness of said further sheet and which are positioned and configured in such a way as to cover and/or darken frontally the connection bands 6 between the photovoltaic cells 4. Preferably, said decorations 24 obtained on said further sheet 39 are substantially similar to those obtained on/in said sheet 20 and, advantageously, this makes said further sheet 39 substantially interchangeable with said sheet 20, thus allowing important production advantages.

Advantageously, in all the embodiments envisaged, the frame 22 can cover the panel 2 also at the rear (see for example fig. 7e) or only on the perimeter (see fig. 7f).

Preferably, the display 1 1 is flexible. Advantageously, the display 1 1 comprises a support substrate 9 and a plurality of lighting elements 15 distributed in and/or on the support substrate 9 according to a predefined scheme. Preferably, the lighting elements 15 are mutually spaced and vertically and horizontally aligned so as to define a matrix.

Preferably, the lighting elements 15 are LEDs and, suitably, they can be monochromatic or RGB or RGBW LEDs. Alternatively, the lighting elements 15 can be OLED and/or low consumption light bulbs.

Preferably, the support substrate 9 is made of transparent or translucent material. Preferably, the support substrate 9 comprises one or more flexible films. Preferably, the support substrate 9 is a flexible and self-adhesive film, which is removably applicable to said further sheet 39 and/or on the sheet 20 of transparent and/or translucent material, and/or on the array 3 of photovoltaic cells 4.

Preferably, display 1 1 is a LED display. In particular, the panel comprises a matrix of LEDs 15 each defining a pixel of a static or time-varying image (video).

Advantageously, the lighting elements 15 of the display 1 1 are distributed in a regular and orderly manner on/in the corresponding substrate 9 so as to cover a large part, or the entirety of the underlying sheet 20 of transparent and/or translucent material and/or the entire array 3 of photovoltaic cells 4. Suitably, the lighting elements 15 can be spaced from each other by approximately 10 - 50 mm, preferably by approximately 25mm, thus defining the pitch (pixel pitch) between the pixels of the display 1 1. Conveniently, by controlling the activation/deactivation of the lighting elements 15, as well as their color change, corresponding images and/or videos are shown/implemented on the display 1 1 . Suitably, the lighting elements 15 are configured so that when they are not powered (i.e. when the display 1 1 is off), are substantially of the same color as the substrate or, preferably, are substantially transparent or translucent. Suitably, the substrate 9 is self-adhesive and can be glued to said further sheet 39 and/or to the sheet 20 of transparent and/or translucent material, and/or on the array 3 of photovoltaic cells 4, so as to cover it in whole or in part..

Preferably, said display 1 1 is removably applicable on said further sheet 39 and/or on the sheet 20 of transparent and/or translucent material, and/or on the array 3 of photovoltaic cells 4.

Preferably, the substrate 9 of the display 1 1 substantially covers a large part or the entire surface development of the panel 2, and in particular a large part or the entire surface development of the relative layer to which it is applied.

Advantageously, the lighting elements 15 of the display 1 1 face only the areas between the photovoltaic cells 4. Preferably, the lighting elements 15 are distributed on the substrate 9 of the display 1 1 so as to be superimposed/aligned on the connection bands 6, defined as ribbons, between the photovoltaic cells 4 of the array 3.

Advantageously, the lighting elements 15 are distributed on the substrate

9 of the display 1 1 so as to be superimposed/facing the photovoltaic cells 4.

Preferably, the lighting elements 15 are distributed on the substrate 9 of the display 1 1 so as to be superimposed/facing both on the photovoltaic cells 4 and on the areas between the photovoltaic cells 4.

Advantageously, the display 1 1 is associated with at least one cable for the power supply and the control of the lighting elements 15 of the display itself.

Preferably, at least two cables can be provided, of which a first cable for the electrical power supply of the lighting elements 15 of the display 1 1 and a second cable for the transmission to said lighting elements 15 of suitable control and command signals. Suitably, the two cables can be integrated within a single wiring.

Additionally, a rear sheet 12 is associated with the rear layer of encapsulating material 8” which can be made of transparent and/or translucent material, or can be made of opaque material. Suitably, the rear sheet 12 is made of a material, preferably plastic, which has the function of electrically isolating, protecting and shielding the array 3 of photovoltaic cells 4 from external agents (rain and humidity). Preferably, the rear sheet 12 is constituted from a polyester-based laminate that guarantees a high sealing of the photovoltaic panel itself, constituting a barrier in particular against oxygen and humidity.

Suitably, the array 3 of photovoltaic cells 4 interposed between the two layers of encapsulating material 8’ and 8", the front sheet 20 and the rear sheet 12 are subjected to a lam ination process so as to join and glue the various sheets and layers to array 3, thus generating a single and compact body. In particular, this process is of the thermal type and provides that, through vacuum cooking (lamination), the two layers of encapsulating material 8’ and 8" are transformed into a gel which goes to incorporate the photovoltaic cells 4 and substantially to glue the front 20 and rear sheets 12. Preferably the process can take place at about 140-150°C under vacuum inside a suitable oven (laminator) so as to remove the air inside the panel.

Conveniently, the rear/lower sheet 12 can comprise colored or decorated portions 28 (see fig. 4) obtained in correspondence with its internal surface 27, i.e. that destined to face the rear layer 8” of encapsulating material.

Preferably, for this purpose, the internal surface 27 of the rear sheet 12 is colored, at least partially, so as to make it substantially of the same color as the photovoltaic cells 4 or of another desired color. Suitably, the entire internal surface 27 of the rear sheet 12 can be colored. Conveniently, the internal surface 27 of the rear/lower sheet 12 is colored and/or decorated in such a way as to present a specific ornamental motif, for example with drawings, images, writings, shapes and/or other elements, preferably recurrent and serial.

Suitably, the colored or decorated portions 28 of the internal surface 27 of the rear sheet 12 are obtained by painting, printing, or by other methods. Advantageously, the colored or decorated portions 28 of the rear/lower sheet 12 are positioned and configured in such a way as to define a homogeneous background color at least in correspondence with the spaces present between the photovoltaic cells 4 of the array 3 and/or of the spaces between the perimeter cells and the edges of the panel. Preferably, the colored or decorated portions 28 of the rear/lower sheet 12 are positioned and configured only in correspondence with the spaces present between the photovoltaic cells 4 of the array 3 and/or the spaces present between the perimeter cells and the edges of the panel. In particular, for this purpose, the colored or decorated portions comprise colored sections or strips 28 obtained on the internal surface 27 of the rear sheet 12 and of a color substantially corresponding to that of the photovoltaic cells 4 or of another desired color (see fig. 4 and 5).

Conveniently, the colored stripes 28 are defined on the internal surface 27 of the rear sheet 12 in a manner substantially corresponding, from a dimensional, shape and position point of view, to the spaces that are provided between the photovoltaic cells 4 and/or the spaces present between the cells and the edges of the panel. In other words, the colored stripes 28 are defined in correspondence with the areas of the internal surface 27 of the rear sheet 12 which are not covered by the photovoltaic cells 4 and which are crossed at the top by the connection bands 6 between the various photovoltaic cells 4. Advantageously, in this way, by covering the background spaces between the photovoltaic cells 4 by means of colored or decorated portions 28 of the rear sheet 12 having the same color as the said cells, the overall effect of a full and homogeneous base of a single color is obtained on the panel 2 (i.e. that of the cells), as shown for example in Figure 6c.

Preferably, in particular in the case of front connection bands 6 between the photovoltaic cells 4, said bands can be suitably treated, that is, they are darkened, so as to make them substantially the same color as the cells 4 or another desired color; in essence, this allows to have a homogeneous colored background for the decoration 24 of the front glass sheet 20. Preferably, this treatment is carried out by applying a suitable paint directly on the connection bands 6 between the photovoltaic cells 4.

Alternatively and/or in addition to the above, the decorations 24 of the front glass sheet 20 are positioned and configured in such a way as to cover and/or obscure the connection bands 6 between the photovoltaic cells 4. In particular, for this purpose, the decorations 24 comprise colored and/or decorated sections/strips obtained on the front glass sheet 20 and of a color substantially corresponding to that of the photovoltaic cells 4 or another desired color. Suitably, the colored strips are defined on the front sheet 20 in a way substantially corresponding, from a dimensional, shape and position point of view, to the connection bands 6 between the photovoltaic cells 4. Basically, covering the connection bands 6 by decorations 24 of the front glass sheet 20 having the same color as the cells 4, the overall effect of a full and homogeneous base of a single color (i.e. that of the cells) is obtained on the panel 2.

Alternatively and/or in addition to the above, the decorations 24 of the front glass sheet 20 are positioned and configured in such a way as to also cover and/or obscure the scratches which are present on each photovoltaic cell 4 and which substantially correspond to the spaces present between the modules that make up each cell and they can comprise the electrical contacts between the different modules defining each photovoltaic cell 4. In particular, for this purpose, the decorations 24 comprise colored strips obtained on the front glass sheet 20 so as to cover the grooves of the photovoltaic cells 4 and, suitably, they are of a color substantially corresponding to that of the modules defining each photovoltaic cell 4, or of another desired color.

In this way it is possible to create panels 2 with high and highly customizable aesthetic standards, thus allowing the use even in situations/contexts in which traditional panels could not be used, such as historical centers, or other areas of landscape interest. Advantageously, the panel 2 comprises an energy storage unit 13, which is preferably mounted on and/or housed in the panel itself, and which can be electrically connected with the display 1 1 for the electrical supply of the lighting elements 15 and/or it can be connected to the electricity grid and/or to the array 3 of photovoltaic cells 4.

Suitably, the panel 2 can operate on grid, that is to say it is connected to the national electricity grid and in this way the energy produced by the photovoltaic cells 4, and possibly stored in the storage unit 13, it can be fed into the national electricity grid. Conveniently, in this case, the display 1 1 can be powered from the electrical network, directly and/or after being stored in the storage unit 13.

Advantageously, the panel 2 can operate off grid, that is, be self- sufficient and isolated from the national electrical network. Conveniently, in this case, the lighting elements of the display 1 1 are powered by the energy that is produced by the array 3 of photovoltaic cells, directly and/or after being stored in the storage unit 13.

In particular, therefore, the display 1 1 it can be electrically connected directly with the array 3 of photovoltaic cells 4 so that it can be powered directly by the electricity generated by the latter. Preferably, all or part of the energy produced by the array 3 of photovoltaic cells can be stored at the inside the storage unit 13, which can then be electrically connected to the display 1 1 , to power the lighting elements 15. Advantageously in this way the display 1 1 can be powered directly by the energy generated by the array 3 of photovoltaic cells 4 when this the latter are illuminated by sunlight (and therefore generate electricity), while it can be powered by stored energy inside the storage unit 13 when the photovoltaic cells are not illuminated by sunlight (and therefore do not generate electricity).

Advantageously, the panel 2 comprises a control unit 50 (for example a processor or a control unit) which is electrically connected to the display 1 1 to transmit the command and/or control signals of the lighting elements 15. Conveniently, the control unit 50 is connected and/or provided with a memory unit in which the image/video data to be implemented on the display 1 1 can be stored.

Conveniently, the control unit 50 is configured to send to each lighting element 15 (which - as mentioned - can define/constitute a pixel of an LED display) a corresponding command signal so as to represent/implement on the display 1 1 a certain image or a specific video.

Preferably, the control unit 50 is connected by means of the second cable to a suitable connector provided in the display 1 1 for controlling the lighting elements 15 of the latter.

Preferably, the control unit 50 is connected and/or provided with means for data transceiving, which for example can be of the cable type or, preferably, of the wireless type, in particular via radio (for example via internet connection or according to the Bluetooth® protocol) or even infrared. Conveniently, these data transceiver means provide for example the use of Ethernet type technologies with a corresponding cable. Conveniently, the command and control unit 50 comprises and/or is associated with a storage unit configured to store the images and/or videos to be projected on the display 1 1 of the photovoltaic panel 2.

Conveniently, the storage unit 13, the control unit 50, the memory unit and/or the data reception means can be mounted on and/or housed in the panel 2, or they can be positioned outside the panel itself and in any case be electrically connected to the latter, preferably by means of appropriate wiring.

Advantageously, the rear sheet 12, which constitutes the back of the photovoltaic panel 2, is associated with a single box-like body 14 for containing the control and management means of the panel itself. Preferably, the control unit 50 and the storage unit 13 can be housed inside the box-like body 14. Advantageously, the box-like body 14 is closed on all its sides. Advantageously, only an electrical cable 16 can come out of the box-like body 14, provided at its end with an electrical connector 18 for connecting the panel 2 to the domestic and/or national electrical network. This allows both to introduce any excess electricity produced into the network, and to use the network electricity to power the lighting elements 15.

Advantageously, the control and management system of the photovoltaic panel 2, which is contained in the box-like body 14, it also includes a micro inverter and/or a transformer (not shown) to supply an alternating current at the output of the panel itself, that is, in correspondence with the electrical connector 18 of the cable 16.

Advantageously, the photovoltaic panel 2 can comprising an inverter and/or a transformer (not shown) to provide a suitable alternating current at the output of the panel itself, i.e. in correspondence with the cable 16 that leaves the panel and which is provided with the electrical connector 18 for connecting the panel 2 to the network domestic and/or national electricity.

Advantageously, the energy storage unit 13, the control unit 50 of the display 1 1 , the charge regulator, the inverter and/or the transformer, if any, are all integrated and housed inside the photovoltaic panel 2. Preferably, the charge regulator is housed inside the box-like body 14.

Advantageously, the photovoltaic panel 2 comprises an external frame 22. Conveniently, this frame 22 can be defined by the edge of the front sheet 20, or it can be defined by a profile which is supported or associated with said sheet 20 and which, advantageously, can be configured to retain the various layers and/or sheets which make up the panel itself. Preferably, the frame 22 is made of metal or its alloys (for example aluminum) and also has the function of guaranteeing strength and defining a practical attachment for the photovoltaic panel 2. Advantageously, the frame 22 can also have surface decorations, preferably obtained by engraving. Preferably, the frame 22 has chamfered edges.

Advantageously, supports are attached to the frame 22 or to the rear sheet 12 for hanging the photovoltaic panel 2 in a vertical position, or even inclined, on a wall 34, for example of a building (see fig. 3). Advantageously, a support base 33 for its support in vertical position can be associated with the panel 2 (see fig. 2).

Furthermore, a rear closure element 35 can be associated with the frame 22 and/or the rear sheet 12, preferably made of metal or of the same material as the frame 22, if present. Preferably, said rear closure element 35 comprises a plurality of micro-holes to allow the passage of air, and thus prevent overheating of the panel itself. Conveniently, the rear closure element 35 can be present on the surface development of the rear sheet 12 to a large or almost entirely extent (see fig. 6).

Preferably the first cable and/or the second cable connecting the display 1 1 to the energy storage unit 13 and to the control unit 50 respectively can be passed inside the frame 22.

Advantageously, the energy storage unit 13 and/or the control unit 50 can optionally be housed within suitable areas defined in the frame 22. Alternatively the energy storage unit 13 and/or the control unit 50 can be associated externally with the frame.

Advantageously, the overall dimensions of the panel 2 in plan is substantially defined by the dimensions of the array 3 of photovoltaic cells 4. Preferably, the panel 2, and in particular the front sheet 20 and the display 1 1 , has dimensions in length and width corresponding to those of the array 3 of photovoltaic cells 4.

The panel 2 according to the invention can comprise further lighting means (not shown) which are associated with at least one edge of said panel 2 to illuminate the glass sheet 20 and/or the areas around the perimeter of the panel itself. Suitably, these further lighting means are associated with the edges of the panel 2, i.e. the edges of the assembly 10 and/or of the glass sheet 20 and/or of the rear sheet 12 of insulating material, and therefore are not incorporated within the layers 8 of encapsulating material.

Preferably, a further part or the whole frame 22 is associated with said further light means, which preferably are defined by LED strips. In particular, the LED strips can be associated with the frame 22 along a single side, along two sides, preferably opposite to each other, or along all its four sides of this, both for the entire length of the sides or even for a single one part of these.

Suitably, said further lighting means can be associated with the frame 22 so as to illuminate the decoration of the glass sheet 20. In particular, for this purpose, the lighting means are arranged and oriented so as to illuminate the front portion (i.e. visible) and inside the panel itself. Conveniently, said further lighting means can be associated with the frame 22 so as to illuminate the rear face of the panel and/or the external areas around the frame itself. Preferably, said further lighting means are configured and arranged so as to generate a diffused light, which expands outwards, in correspondence with the rear face of the panel.

Advantageously, said further lighting means are electrically connected with the energy storage unit 13 so that they can be powered by the electricity stored in the latter. Advantageously, said further lighting means are electrically connected directly with the array 3 of photovoltaic cells 4 so that they can be powered directly by the electrical energy generated by them. Suitably, said further lighting means can be connected to the electrical connector 18 to allow its feeding by means of the network electricity.

The operation of the photovoltaic panel 2 according to the invention is clear from what has been described. In particular, the array 3 of photovoltaic cells 4 transforms the incident sunlight into direct current by means of a photovoltaic effect, which is transformed into alternating current by the inverter. Subsequently, the power can be fed into the national grid, if the panel is in the "on grid" configuration. Conveniently, in this case the display 1 1 and/or said further luminous means can be powered by the network current.

Conveniently, in the case of an "off grid" configuration of panel 2, the energy generated by the array 3 of photovoltaic cells 4 can be used, directly and/or after being accumulated in the storage unit 13, to power the display 1 1 and/or said further light means. In particular, in this case, panel 2 only has a screen function (for example of the "LED wall" type), on which to display images and/or videos, and which is electrically autonomous (i.e. does not require any external power supply).

Suitably, the panel 2 can be configured to operate in a hybrid mode, i.e. powering the display 1 1 and/or said further lighting means by means of the energy generated by the array 3 of photovoltaic cells 4 and any excess electrical energy can be stored inside the storage unit 13 and/or fed into the network; moreover, in case of need, the display 1 1 and/or said further lighting means can be powered by the network current.

Suitably, it is understood that the controlled power supply - on the basis of the command signals sent by the control unit 50 - of the lighting elements 15 of the display 1 1 allows to implement corresponding images and/or videos on the display itself.

The panel according to the invention can be installed and used individually, but it could also be suitably connected and combined with other panels according to the invention. In the latter case, the individual photovoltaic panels 2 according to the invention can be suitably combined so as to define the modules of a maxi screen.

Conveniently, in this case, the photovoltaic panels 2 are electrically connected to each other and each of them is provided with its own storage unit 13 for electricity. Furthermore, suitably, in this case, the photovoltaic panels 2 are electrically connected to a single central control unit which is common/shared by all the panels.

From what has been said it is clear that the improved panel according to the invention is much more advantageous than the traditional ones in that:

- it allows a high aesthetic result since it can be suitably decorated and/or illuminated;

- has a highly pleasing aesthetic appearance even in the absence of natural lighting,

- has a valuable aesthetic aspect, which allows it to be classified as a quality or luxury product,

- can be produced industrially while the decoration of the glass sheet it can be highly customized and be handcrafted,

- it allows the creation of an autonomous system ("island" or "off-grid") for the supply of electricity; this is particularly useful for the supply of electricity to isolated users or in situations where it is difficult or impossible to connect to the electricity network being taken,

- it can be easily and quickly connected via its outlet to the domestic electricity network,

- it has excellent characteristics of ease of use and installation since it can be positioned both vertically and inclined,

- it is independent and compact since all its components are suitably integrated within the same overall,

- it dimensions of requires a reduced installation space and it does not require external equipment, and

- it is flexible, modular and scalable as needed.

Furthermore, the panel according to the invention is particularly advantageous in that it is capable of operating as a screen on which to display images and/or videos, generally linked to marketing and/or advertising initiatives. In particular, the panel according to the invention does not necessarily require a connection to the electrical network and, advantageously, this allows to expand the installation possibilities, as well as to simplify and speed up the installation itself.

Claims

C L A I M S

1 Photovoltaic panel (2) characterized in that it comprises:

- an assembly (10) comprising an array (3) of photovoltaic cells (4) interposed between two layers (8’, 8") of encapsulating material, said photovoltaic cells (4) being electronically connected to each other by bands (6),

- a sheet (20) of transparent and/or translucent material associated with the front surface, intended to be visible, of said assembly (10), said sheet (20) of transparent and/or translucent material comprising decorations (24) which are obtained by at least a processing carried out directly on the surface of said sheet (20) of transparent and/or translucent material and/or within the thickness of said sheet (20) of transparent and/or translucent material and which are positioned and configured in such a way such as to cover and/or frontally obscure the connection bands (6) between the photovoltaic cells (4),

- a rear sheet (12) of electrically insulating material associated with the rear surface of said assembly (10), said rear sheet (12) comprising on its internal surface (27) portions (28) which are defined at least in correspondence with the spaces defined between the photovoltaic cells (4) and which are colored and/or decorated (28) so as to be substantially the same color as the photovoltaic cells (4),

and characterized in that it also comprises a display (1 1 ) which faces and covers, at least in part, said sheet (20) of transparent and/or translucent material, said display (1 1 ) comprising a plurality of lighting elements (15) which, in the face of their controlled activation, define an image or video.

2. Panel according to claim 1 , characterized in that said display (1 1 ) comprises a support substrate (9), made of transparent material and/or translucent, in which are applied and/or incorporated, according to an ordered and predefined scheme, said lighting elements (15).

3. A panel according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized by the fact that said support substrate (9) is constituted by a flexible film.

4. Panel according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that said assembly (10), said face sheet (20) of transparent and/or translucent material and said rear sheet (12) are subjected to a lamination process in order to thus obtaining a single and compact body.

5. Panel according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises a further sheet (39) which is positioned superiorly/frontally with respect to said sheet (20) of transparent and/or translucent material and in that said display (1 1 ) substrate (9) is applied, by means of adhesive, to the surface of said further sheet (39) which faces towards said sheet (20) of transparent and/or translucent material.

6. Panel according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the display (1 1 ) is interposed between said sheet (20) of transparent and/or translucent material and a further sheet (39) which is frontally superimposed on said sheet (20) of transparent and/or translucent material

7. Panel according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that said further sheet (39) is made of transparent material and/or translucent, and is preferably of the same material with which is made of said sheet (20) which is associated to the front surface of said assembly(10).

8. Panel according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized by the fact that said further sheet (39) and said sheet (20) of transparent and/or translucent material, which is associated to the front surface of said assembly (10), defining a double-glazing containment for said display (1 1 ).

9. Panel according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises a frame (22) to mechanically secure said further sheet (39) to said sheet (20) of transparent and/or translucent material and/or said assembly (10) and/or rear sheet (12).

10. Panel according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that said display (1 1 ) substrate (9) is applied, by means of adhesive directly on the external surface (29) of the sheet (20) of transparent and/or translucent material.

1 1. Panel according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that said display (1 1 ) is applicable in a removable manner on said further sheet (39) and/or on said front sheet (20) of transparent and/or translucent material.

12. Panel according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that said lighting elements (15) are LEDs, preferably monochromatic or RGB or RGBW, arranged so as to define a matrix of LEDs where each LED defines a pixel of an image or a video.

13. Panel according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is configured so that said lighting elements (15) of the display (1 1 ) are powered by electrical energy that is generated by the photovoltaic cell (4) array (3).

14. Panel according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is configured so that said lighting elements (15) of the display (1 1 ) are powered by electrical energy that is generated from the electricity network.

15. Panel according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises a storage unit (13), which is mounted on and/or housed in the same panel, and which is configured to store the energy generated by said photovoltaic cells (4) and/or to feed said lighting elements (15) of said display (1 1 ) and/or to send the electricity generated by said photovoltaic cells (4) to the network.

16. Panel according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises a control unit (50) which is electrically connected with said display (1 1 ) for transmitting the control and/or command signals of said lighting elements (15).

17. The panel according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises a memory unit which is connected to said control unit (50) and is configured to store the data of the images/video to be implemented on the display (1 1 ) by means the controlled activation of said lighting elements (15).

18. Panel according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises means for receiving data, preferably wireless type, which are associated and/or incorporated in said control unit (50) and are configured to receive from outside the image/video data to be implemented on the display (1 1 ) by means of the controlled activation of said lighting elements (15)

19. Panel according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that said display (1 1 ) is superimposed and in direct contact with the external surface (29) of the front sheet (20) of transparent and/or translucent material.

20. Panel according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that said display (1 1 ) is superimposed and slightly spaced relative to the underlying sheet (20) of transparent and/or translucent material.

21. Panel according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that said rear sheet (12) is made of glass or plastic material.

22. Panel according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that said internal surface (27) of said rear sheet (12) further comprises portions (28) which are defined in correspondence with the edges of said rear sheet panel and that they are colored and/or decorated so as to be substantially the same color as the photovoltaic cells (4).

23. Panel according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that said internal surface (27) of said rear sheet (12) is entirely colored and/or decorated in such a way as to be of the same color of the photovoltaic cells (4).

24. Panel according to one or more of the preceding claims characterized in that said photovoltaic cells (4) are blue and/or black color of the crystalline or amorphous silicon.

25. Panel according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that said photovoltaic cells (4) are of a different color than the blue and/or black colors of crystalline or amorphous silicon.

26. Panel according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises a frame (22) which has an edge which is substantially flush with the outer surface of said sheet (20) of transparent and/or translucent material or said further sheet (39).

27. Panel according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that said decorations (24) covering said ribbons (6) have substantially the same color as the photovoltaic cells (4) so as to obtain the overall effect of a substantially base full and homogeneous in a single color.

28. Panel according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that said decorations (24) of said sheet (20) of transparent and/or translucent material are positioned and configured in such a way as to also cover and/or obscure the grooves present on each photovoltaic cell (4).

29. Panel according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises an electric cable (16) for connecting the panel itself to the domestic and/or national electrical network and/or to an external equipment so as to supply it with the electrical energy generated by said array (3) of photovoltaic cells (4).

30. Panel according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises further lighting means which are associated with the panel itself to illuminate said sheet (20) of transparent and/or translucent material and/or the areas around the perimeter of the panel itself, said further lighting means being configured to be powered by the electrical energy which is generated by the array (3) of photovoltaic cells (4) and/or by the electrical energy of the network.

31. Panel according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that said further sheet (39) which is positioned superiorly/frontally with respect to said sheet (20) of transparent and/or translucent material comprises decorations (24) which are formed by at least one processing carried out directly on the surface of said further sheet and/or within the thickness of said further sheet and which are positioned and configured in such a way as to cover and/or darken the connection bands (6) between the photovoltaic cells (4) from the front.