WO2021002196A1 - 自動車用光輝性塗料 - Google Patents
自動車用光輝性塗料 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2021002196A1 WO2021002196A1 PCT/JP2020/023683 JP2020023683W WO2021002196A1 WO 2021002196 A1 WO2021002196 A1 WO 2021002196A1 JP 2020023683 W JP2020023683 W JP 2020023683W WO 2021002196 A1 WO2021002196 A1 WO 2021002196A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- coating film
- paint
- cellulose
- brilliant
- parts
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L1/00—Compositions of cellulose, modified cellulose or cellulose derivatives
- C08L1/02—Cellulose; Modified cellulose
- C08L1/04—Oxycellulose; Hydrocellulose, e.g. microcrystalline cellulose
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D101/00—Coating compositions based on cellulose, modified cellulose, or cellulose derivatives
- C09D101/02—Cellulose; Modified cellulose
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
- C09D5/36—Pearl essence, e.g. coatings containing platelet-like pigments for pearl lustre
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D5/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures
- B05D5/06—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures to obtain multicolour or other optical effects
- B05D5/067—Metallic effect
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D7/00—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D7/14—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials to metal, e.g. car bodies
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08B—POLYSACCHARIDES; DERIVATIVES THEREOF
- C08B15/00—Preparation of other cellulose derivatives or modified cellulose, e.g. complexes
- C08B15/02—Oxycellulose; Hydrocellulose; Cellulosehydrate, e.g. microcrystalline cellulose
- C08B15/04—Carboxycellulose, e.g. prepared by oxidation with nitrogen dioxide
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F265/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers of unsaturated monocarboxylic acids or derivatives thereof as defined in group C08F20/00
- C08F265/04—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers of unsaturated monocarboxylic acids or derivatives thereof as defined in group C08F20/00 on to polymers of esters
- C08F265/06—Polymerisation of acrylate or methacrylate esters on to polymers thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/08—Processes
- C08G18/0804—Manufacture of polymers containing ionic or ionogenic groups
- C08G18/0809—Manufacture of polymers containing ionic or ionogenic groups containing cationic or cationogenic groups
- C08G18/0814—Manufacture of polymers containing ionic or ionogenic groups containing cationic or cationogenic groups containing ammonium groups or groups forming them
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/40—High-molecular-weight compounds
- C08G18/58—Epoxy resins
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/70—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the isocyanates or isothiocyanates used
- C08G18/72—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates
- C08G18/80—Masked polyisocyanates
- C08G18/8061—Masked polyisocyanates masked with compounds having only one group containing active hydrogen
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G63/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain of the macromolecule
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- C08G63/12—Polyesters derived from hydroxycarboxylic acids or from polycarboxylic acids and polyhydroxy compounds derived from polycarboxylic acids and polyhydroxy compounds
- C08G63/123—Polyesters derived from hydroxycarboxylic acids or from polycarboxylic acids and polyhydroxy compounds derived from polycarboxylic acids and polyhydroxy compounds the acids or hydroxy compounds containing carbocyclic rings
- C08G63/137—Acids or hydroxy compounds containing cycloaliphatic rings
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
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- C08G63/02—Polyesters derived from hydroxycarboxylic acids or from polycarboxylic acids and polyhydroxy compounds
- C08G63/60—Polyesters derived from hydroxycarboxylic acids or from polycarboxylic acids and polyhydroxy compounds derived from the reaction of a mixture of hydroxy carboxylic acids, polycarboxylic acids and polyhydroxy compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L33/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides or nitriles thereof; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L33/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters
- C08L33/06—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters of esters containing only carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, which oxygen atoms are present only as part of the carboxyl radical
- C08L33/062—Copolymers with monomers not covered by C08L33/06
- C08L33/066—Copolymers with monomers not covered by C08L33/06 containing -OH groups
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L33/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides or nitriles thereof; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L33/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters
- C08L33/06—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters of esters containing only carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, which oxygen atoms are present only as part of the carboxyl radical
- C08L33/08—Homopolymers or copolymers of acrylic acid esters
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D101/00—Coating compositions based on cellulose, modified cellulose, or cellulose derivatives
- C09D101/02—Cellulose; Modified cellulose
- C09D101/04—Oxycellulose; Hydrocellulose
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D101/00—Coating compositions based on cellulose, modified cellulose, or cellulose derivatives
- C09D101/08—Cellulose derivatives
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D151/00—Coating compositions based on graft polymers in which the grafted component is obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
- C09D151/003—Coating compositions based on graft polymers in which the grafted component is obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers grafted on to macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bonds
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- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D167/00—Coating compositions based on polyesters obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
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- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D175/00—Coating compositions based on polyureas or polyurethanes; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
- C09D175/04—Polyurethanes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
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- C09D201/02—Coating compositions based on unspecified macromolecular compounds characterised by the presence of specified groups, e.g. terminal or pendant functional groups
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- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D201/00—Coating compositions based on unspecified macromolecular compounds
- C09D201/02—Coating compositions based on unspecified macromolecular compounds characterised by the presence of specified groups, e.g. terminal or pendant functional groups
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- C09D201/08—Carboxyl groups
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- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
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- C09D7/43—Thickening agents
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- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
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- C09D7/62—Additives non-macromolecular inorganic modified by treatment with other compounds
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- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
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- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
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- C09D7/65—Additives macromolecular
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
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- D21C—PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE BY REMOVING NON-CELLULOSE SUBSTANCES FROM CELLULOSE-CONTAINING MATERIALS; REGENERATION OF PULPING LIQUORS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- D21C9/00—After-treatment of cellulose pulp, e.g. of wood pulp, or cotton linters ; Treatment of dilute or dewatered pulp or process improvement taking place after obtaining the raw cellulosic material and not provided for elsewhere
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- D21C9/007—Modification of pulp properties by mechanical or physical means
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- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a brilliant paint for automobiles.
- the purpose of painting the paint is mainly to protect the material and give it an aesthetic appearance.
- aesthetics, especially "texture” is important from the viewpoint of enhancing the product power.
- Consumers demand various textures of industrial products, but in recent years, in the fields of automobile outer panels, automobile parts, etc., glossiness like metal or pearl is required (hereinafter, gloss like metal).
- gloss like metal The combination of the feeling and the pearly luster is referred to as "metal or pearly luster").
- Metallic or pearly luster does not have a grainy surface like a mirror surface, and when the coated plate is viewed in the vicinity of specularly reflected light (highlight), it shines brightly, and comparison of reflected light intensity away from specularly reflected light. When viewed in a small area (shade), it looks dark, that is, the texture is characterized by a large difference in brightness between the highlight area and the shade area.
- Patent Document 1 Techniques for imparting such metal or pearly luster to the surface of industrial products include metal plating treatment and metal vapor deposition treatment (for example, Patent Document 1), but it is convenient if metal or pearly luster can be imparted by paint. It is advantageous from the viewpoint of cost and the like, and further, if the paint is water-based, it is still advantageous from the viewpoint of environmental load.
- Patent Document 2 includes a brilliant pigment obtained by crushing a vapor-deposited metal film into metal pieces and an aqueous cellulose derivative having an acid value of 20 to 150 mgKOH / g (solid content), and the binder mainly comprises the aqueous cellulose derivative.
- a water-based base coating composition which is made of a resin and has a content of the glitter pigment of 20 to 70% by mass in PWC is disclosed.
- the coating film formed by the coating composition described in Patent Document 2 has insufficient metal or pearly luster.
- Patent Document 3 describes a method for applying a water-based base coat coating material containing a scaly bright pigment, wherein the solid content in the coating material is adjusted to be 20 to 40% by weight (A1). ) Is applied to the object to be coated so that the dry film thickness is 1 to 15 ⁇ m, and then the solid content in the paint is adjusted to be 2 to 15% by weight on the uncured coating film.
- a method for applying a water-based base coat coating material is disclosed, which comprises coating the coating material (A2) so as to have a dry film thickness of 0.1 to 5 ⁇ m.
- the coating film formed by the coating method described in Patent Document 3 has insufficient metal or pearly luster.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a brilliant paint for automobiles capable of forming a coating film having excellent metal or pearly luster.
- the present inventors use an automobile paint containing water, a dispersant (A), cellulose nanofibers (B) and a bright pigment (C). As a result, it was found that the above problems could be solved, and the present invention was completed.
- a brilliant paint for automobiles containing water, a dispersant (A), cellulose nanofibers (B) and a brilliant pigment (C).
- the dispersant (A) is an anionic polymer compound.
- the anionic polymer compound is a polymer compound having a carboxyl group or a polymer compound having a phosphate group.
- the cellulose nanofiber (B) is an anion-modified cellulose nanofiber.
- the anion-modified cellulose nanofibers are oxidized cellulose nanofibers.
- the amount of carboxyl groups of the cellulose oxide nanofibers is 0.4 to 1.0 mmol / g.
- the brilliant paint for automobiles contains 0.1 to 10 parts by mass of solid content with respect to 100 parts by mass of all components in total.
- a brilliant paint for automobiles capable of forming a coating film having excellent metallic or pearly luster can be obtained.
- Bright paint for automobiles is characterized by containing water, a dispersant (A), cellulose nanofibers (B) and a bright pigment (C).
- the dispersant (A) can be used without particular limitation as long as the effects of the present invention are exhibited, and any low molecular weight or high molecular weight compound such as carboxylic acid, urethane, polyether, polyester, and fatty acid can be used. it can. It is preferable to select a compound capable of obtaining good dispersibility in consideration of the properties of the cellulose nanofibers (B) and the bright pigment (C) to be blended in the bright paint for automobiles of the present invention. Since the cellulose nanofiber (B) contains a large amount of hydroxyl groups, if the dispersant contains a large amount of hydrophobic groups, the dispersibility may be impaired.
- any of the anionic, cationic and nonionic types can be used.
- the dispersant (A) one type may be used alone, or two or more types may be mixed and used.
- the dispersant (A) used in the present invention does not contain the cellulose nanofibers (B) described later.
- a polymer compound having a functional group such as a carboxyl group, a sulfonic acid group, a phosphoric acid group, or a sulfate ester group can be used, and each functional group can be used. It becomes an anionic group when used at a pH higher than the pKa (acid dissociation constant) of the group. Therefore, a bright coating material for automobiles can be prepared without aggregating the dispersion liquid of the anion-modified cellulose nanofibers.
- the functional group may be appropriately selected according to the pH of the bright paint for automobiles to be prepared and the required basicity.
- the polymer compound having a carboxyl group examples include polycarboxylic acid, carboxymethyl cellulose, alginic acid and the like.
- the polycarboxylic acid examples include polyacrylic acid, sodium polyacrylate, styrene / maleic anhydride copolymer, olefin / maleic anhydride copolymer, and the like.
- the carboxyl group may be a metal salt type or an ammonium salt type. Among them, the metal salt type is preferable, and the sodium salt type is more preferable, from the viewpoint of the metal or pearly luster of the obtained coating film. Further, when the brilliant paint for automobiles of the present invention is used for applications requiring water resistance, an ammonium salt type can be appropriately selected.
- polymer compound having a phosphoric acid group examples include polyoxyethylene alkyl ether phosphate, polyoxyethylene phenyl ether phosphoric acid, and alkyl phosphate ester.
- urethane-based compounds include urethane-associated compounds.
- urethane-associated compounds For example, by using a polyester chain or a polyether chain as a side chain in polyurethane of the main skeleton, compatibility and steric hindrance stability can be adjusted. it can.
- polyether compound examples include pluronic polyether, polyether dialkyl ester, polyether dialkyl ether, polyether epoxy modified product, polyether amine and the like. For example, by changing the ratio of polyoxyethylene or polyoxypropylene. , The balance between hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity can be adjusted.
- polyester-based compounds include aliphatic polyesters which are dehydration condensates of hydroxycarboxylic acids and modified products thereof.
- fatty acid compounds include aliphatic alcohol sulfates, aliphatic amines, and aliphatic esters.
- the amount of the dispersant (A) added to the brilliant paint for automobiles of the present invention may be an amount capable of sufficiently dispersing the brilliant pigment (C) with respect to 100 parts by mass of the brilliant pigment (C). It is preferably 0.01 to 25 parts by mass, more preferably 0.1 to 10 parts by mass.
- cellulose nanofiber (B) is a fine fiber in which a cellulose raw material such as pulp is refined to the nanometer level and has a fiber diameter of about 3 to 500 nm.
- the cellulose nanofibers may also be referred to as cellulose nanofibrils, fibrated celluloses, or nanocellulose crystals.
- AFM atomic force microscope
- TEM transmission electron microscope
- Cellulose nanofibers (B) can be obtained by applying mechanical force to a cellulose raw material such as pulp to make it finer, or anion-modified cellulose (carboxylated cellulose (also called oxidized cellulose), carboxymethylated. It can be obtained by defibrating the modified cellulose obtained by chemical modification such as cellulose, cellulose having a phosphate ester group introduced therein), and cationically modified cellulose. The average fiber length and average fiber diameter of the fine fibers can be adjusted by oxidation treatment and defibration treatment.
- the average aspect ratio of the cellulose nanofibers (B) used in the present invention is not particularly limited, but is usually 50 or more.
- the upper limit is not particularly limited, but is usually 1000 or less, more preferably 700 or less, and further preferably 500 or less.
- the origin of the cellulose raw material which is the raw material of the cellulose nanofiber (B), is not particularly limited, but for example, plants (for example, wood, bamboo, hemp, jute, kenaf, agricultural waste, cloth, pulp (conifer unbleached kraft pulp)).
- NUKP coniferous bleached kraft pulp
- NKP broadleaf unbleached kraft pulp
- LKP broadleaf bleached kraft pulp
- BKP bleached kraft pulp
- NUSP coniferous unbleached sulphite pulp
- NUSP coniferous bleached sulphite
- pulp NBSP
- TMP thermomechanical pulp
- recycled pulp used paper, etc.
- animals for example, squirrels
- algae for example, algae, microorganisms (for example, acetic acid bacteria (acetobacter)), and microbial products.
- the cellulose raw material may be any one of these or a combination of two or more kinds, but is preferably a cellulose raw material derived from a plant or a microorganism (for example, cellulose fiber), and more preferably derived from a plant.
- Cellulose raw material for example, cellulose fiber
- the number average fiber diameter of the cellulose raw material is not particularly limited, but it is about 30 to 60 ⁇ m in the case of softwood kraft pulp, which is a general pulp, and about 10 to 30 ⁇ m in the case of hardwood kraft pulp. In the case of other pulp, the pulp that has undergone general purification is about 50 ⁇ m.
- a dissociator such as a refiner or a beater to adjust the size to about 50 ⁇ m.
- the modified cellulose may be an anion-modified cellulose or a cation-modified cellulose, and the dispersant (A) and the dispersant (A) to be blended in the bright paint for automobiles of the present invention. It is preferable to use modified cellulose so that the dispersion of the bright pigment (C) is good, depending on the type of the bright pigment (C).
- anion-modified cellulose nanofibers should be selected from the viewpoint that a synergistic effect for suppressing the aggregation of the bright pigment (C) can be easily obtained. Is preferable.
- Examples of the functional group introduced by anion modification include a carboxyl group, a carboxymethyl group, a sulfone group, a phosphoric acid ester group, and a nitro group. Of these, a carboxyl group, a carboxymethyl group, and a phosphate ester group are preferable, and a carboxyl group is more preferable.
- carboxylated (oxidized) cellulose when carboxylated (oxidized) cellulose is used as the modified cellulose, carboxylated cellulose (also referred to as oxidized cellulose) can be obtained by carboxylating (oxidizing) the above-mentioned cellulose raw material by a known method. ..
- carboxylated cellulose nanofibers cellulose oxide nanofibers
- the amount of the carboxyl group is preferably 0.5 to 1.0 mmol / g, preferably 0.6 to 1.0 mmol, based on the absolute dry mass of the carboxylated cellulose nanofibers (cellulose oxide nanofibers). It is more preferably / g. If the amount of carboxyl groups is too small, a large amount of energy is required for defibration in order to obtain a highly transparent and uniform cellulose nanofiber dispersion.
- the highly transparent cellulose nanofiber dispersion liquid is useful for obtaining a coating film having excellent metal or pearly luster because there is little residual coarse matter such as undefibrated fibers. Further, if the amount of the carboxyl group is too large, there is a concern that the viscosity of the cellulose nanofiber dispersion liquid caused by the deterioration of the fiber due to the reaction by adding an excessive amount of oxidizing chemicals and the viscosity retention rate due to the stirring treatment may be lowered. ..
- the amount of carboxyl groups indicates the total amount of the amount of the carboxyl group (-COOH) and the amount of the carboxylate group (-COO-).
- the transparency of the cellulose nanofibers (B) in a 1.0 mass% aqueous dispersion is preferably 80% from the viewpoint of the metal or pearly luster of the coating film to be formed.
- transparency refers to the transmittance of light having a wavelength of 660 nm when cellulose nanofibers (B) are made into an aqueous dispersion having a solid content of 1.0% (w / v).
- a dispersion of the cellulose nanofibers (B) solid content 1.0% (w / v), dispersion medium: water) was prepared, and a UV-VIS spectrophotometer UV- It can be obtained by measuring the transmittance of light having a wavelength of 660 nm using a square cell having an optical path length of 10 mm using 1800 (manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation).
- the cellulose nanofiber (B) used in the present invention preferably has a viscosity that does not easily change even after long-term shear.
- the brilliant paint for automobiles of the present invention is allowed to stand for 6 hours.
- the brilliant paint for automobiles of the present invention was stirred for 24 hours using a stirrer at a rotation speed of 1000 rpm, and then allowed to stand for 6 hours to measure a shear rate of 0.
- a cellulose raw material is oxidized in water using an oxidizing agent in the presence of an N-oxyl compound and a compound selected from the group consisting of bromide, iodide or a mixture thereof.
- the method can be mentioned.
- the primary hydroxyl group at the C6 position of the glucopyranose ring on the surface of cellulose is selectively oxidized, and the cellulose fiber having an aldehyde group and a carboxyl group (-COOH) or a carboxylate group (-COO-) on the surface.
- the concentration of cellulose during the reaction is not particularly limited, but is preferably 5% by mass or less.
- the N-oxyl compound is a compound capable of generating a nitroxy radical.
- any compound can be used as long as it is a compound that promotes the desired oxidation reaction.
- N-oxyl compounds include 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxy radical (TEMPO) and its derivatives (eg 4-hydroxy TEMPO).
- the amount of the N-oxyl compound used is not particularly limited as long as it is a catalytic amount capable of oxidizing cellulose as a raw material. For example, 0.01 to 10 mmol is preferable, 0.01 to 1 mmol is more preferable, and 0.05 to 0.5 mmol is further preferable with respect to 1 g of cellulose that has been completely dried.
- the amount of the N-oxyl compound used is preferably about 0.1 to 4 mmol / L with respect to the reaction system.
- Bromide is a compound containing bromine, and examples thereof include alkali metals bromide that can be dissociated and ionized in water.
- the iodide is a compound containing iodine, and an example thereof includes an alkali metal iodide.
- the amount of bromide or iodide used can be selected within a range in which the oxidation reaction can be promoted.
- the total amount of bromide and iodide is, for example, preferably 0.1 to 100 mmol, more preferably 0.1 to 10 mmol, still more preferably 0.5 to 5 mmol, based on 1 g of dry cellulose.
- oxidizing agent known ones can be used, and for example, halogen, hypochlorous acid, hypochlorous acid, perhalonic acid or salts thereof, halogen oxide, peroxide and the like can be used.
- sodium hypochlorite which is inexpensive and has a low environmental impact, is preferable.
- the amount of the oxidizing agent used is, for example, preferably 0.5 to 500 mmol, more preferably 0.5 to 50 mmol, still more preferably 1 to 25 mmol, and most preferably 3 to 10 mmol with respect to 1 g of cellulose that has been dried completely. Further, for example, 1 to 40 mol is preferable with respect to 1 mol of the N-oxyl compound.
- the reaction temperature is preferably 4 to 40 ° C, and may be room temperature of about 15 to 30 ° C.
- carboxyl groups are generated in the cellulose, so that the pH of the reaction solution is lowered.
- an alkaline solution such as an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution is added to maintain the pH of the reaction solution at preferably 8 to 12, more preferably about 10 to 11. Water is preferable as the reaction medium because it is easy to handle and side reactions are unlikely to occur.
- the reaction time in the oxidation reaction can be appropriately set according to the degree of progress of oxidation, and is usually about 0.5 to 6 hours, for example, about 0.5 to 4 hours.
- the oxidation reaction may be carried out in two stages. For example, by oxidizing the oxidized cellulose obtained by filtration after the completion of the first-stage reaction again under the same or different reaction conditions, the efficiency is not affected by the reaction inhibition by the salt produced as a by-product in the first-stage reaction. It can be oxidized well.
- the carboxylation (oxidation) method there is a method of oxidizing by contacting a gas containing ozone with a cellulose raw material.
- a gas containing ozone By this oxidation reaction, the hydroxyl groups at at least the 2nd and 6th positions of the glucopyranose ring are oxidized, and the cellulose chain is decomposed.
- the ozone concentration in the gas containing ozone is preferably 50 to 250 g / m 3 , and more preferably 50 to 220 g / m 3 .
- the amount of ozone added to the cellulose raw material is preferably 0.1 to 30 parts by mass, and more preferably 5 to 30 parts by mass, when the solid content of the cellulose raw material is 100 parts by mass.
- the ozone treatment temperature is preferably 0 to 50 ° C, more preferably 20 to 50 ° C.
- the ozone treatment time is not particularly limited, but is about 1 to 360 minutes, preferably about 30 to 360 minutes. When the ozone treatment conditions are within these ranges, it is possible to prevent the cellulose from being excessively oxidized and decomposed, and the yield of the oxidized cellulose becomes good.
- additional oxidation treatment may be performed using an oxidizing agent.
- the oxidizing agent used for the additional oxidation treatment is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include chlorine-based compounds such as chlorine dioxide and sodium chlorite, oxygen, hydrogen peroxide, persulfate, and peracetic acid.
- the additional oxidation treatment can be performed by dissolving these oxidizing agents in a polar organic solvent such as water or alcohol to prepare an oxidizing agent solution, and immersing the cellulose raw material in the solution.
- the amount of the carboxyl group of cellulose oxide can be adjusted by controlling the reaction conditions such as the amount of the oxidizing agent added and the reaction time described above.
- carboxymethylated cellulose when carboxymethylated cellulose is used as the modified cellulose, the carboxymethylated cellulose is produced by carboxymethylating the above-mentioned cellulose raw material by a known method using a commercially available carboxymethylating agent. Alternatively, a commercially available product may be used. In either case, the degree of carboxymethyl group substitution per anhydrous glucose unit of cellulose is preferably 0.01 to 0.50. The following method can be mentioned as an example of a method for producing such carboxymethylated cellulose.
- Cellulose is used as a base material, and 3 to 20 times by mass of water and / or lower alcohol is used as a solvent. Lower alcohol refers to alcohol having 5 or less carbon atoms.
- the solvent may be water, methanol, ethanol, N-propyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, N-butanol, isobutanol, tertiary butanol, or the like alone, or a mixed medium of two or more kinds.
- the mixing ratio of the lower alcohol is 60 to 95% by mass.
- the mercerizing agent 0.5 to 20 times the mole of alkali metal hydroxide per anhydrous glucose residue of the bottoming material is used.
- the alkali metal hydroxide may be sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide.
- the bottoming material, the solvent, and the mercerizing agent are mixed, and the mercerization treatment is carried out at a reaction temperature of 0 to 70 ° C., preferably 10 to 60 ° C., and a reaction time of 15 minutes to 8 hours, preferably 30 minutes to 7 hours. Then, 0.05 to 10.0 times the molar amount of the carboxymethylating agent is added per glucose residue, the reaction temperature is 30 to 90 ° C., preferably 40 to 80 ° C., and the reaction time is 30 minutes to 10 hours, preferably 1 hour.
- the etherification reaction is carried out for about 4 hours.
- Phosphate esterification Phosphate-esterified cellulose can be used as the chemically modified cellulose.
- the cellulose can be obtained by a method of mixing a powder or an aqueous solution of a phosphoric acid compound P with the above-mentioned cellulose raw material, or a method of adding an aqueous solution of a phosphoric acid compound P to a slurry of a cellulose raw material.
- Examples of the phosphoric acid-based compound P include phosphoric acid, polyphosphoric acid, phosphorous acid, phosphonic acid, polyphosphonic acid, and esters thereof. These may be in the form of salts. Among these, a compound having a phosphoric acid group is preferable because it is low in cost, easy to handle, and the phosphoric acid group can be introduced into the cellulose of the pulp fiber to improve the defibration efficiency.
- Compounds having a phosphoric acid group include phosphoric acid, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, disodium hydrogen phosphate, trisodium phosphate, sodium pyrophosphate, sodium metaphosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, and phosphorus.
- Examples thereof include tripotassium acid, potassium pyrophosphate, potassium metaphosphate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, diammonium hydrogen phosphate, triammonium phosphate, ammonium pyrophosphate, ammonium metaphosphate and the like. These can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- phosphoric acid, sodium phosphate of phosphoric acid, potassium salt of phosphoric acid, and phosphoric acid from the viewpoints of high efficiency of introducing phosphoric acid groups, easy defibration in the following defibration steps, and easy industrial application.
- Ammonium salt is more preferred.
- sodium dihydrogen phosphate and disodium hydrogen phosphate are preferable.
- the phosphoric acid-based compound P is preferably used as an aqueous solution because the uniformity of the reaction is enhanced and the efficiency of introducing a phosphoric acid group is increased.
- the pH of the aqueous solution of the phosphoric acid-based compound P is preferably 7 or less because the efficiency of introducing the phosphoric acid group is high, and is preferably 3 to 7 from the viewpoint of suppressing the hydrolysis of pulp fibers.
- a phosphoric acid-based compound P is added to a dispersion of a cellulose raw material having a solid content concentration of 0.1 to 10% by mass with stirring to introduce a phosphoric acid group into the cellulose.
- the amount of the phosphoric acid-based compound P added is preferably 0.2 to 500 parts by mass and more preferably 1 to 400 parts by mass as the amount of phosphorus element.
- the ratio of the phosphoric acid compound P is at least the above lower limit value, the yield of the fine fibrous cellulose can be further improved. However, if the upper limit is exceeded, the effect of improving the yield will reach a plateau, which is not preferable from the viewpoint of cost.
- phosphoric acid esterified cellulose in addition to the cellulose raw material and the phosphoric acid-based compound P, powders or aqueous solutions of other compounds Q may be mixed.
- Compound Q is not particularly limited, but a nitrogen-containing compound exhibiting basicity is preferable.
- “Basic” here is defined as the aqueous solution exhibiting a pink to red color in the presence of a phenolphthalein indicator, or the pH of the aqueous solution being greater than 7.
- the basic nitrogen-containing compound used in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as the effects of the present invention are exhibited, but a compound having an amino group is preferable.
- urea methylamine, ethylamine, trimethylamine, triethylamine, monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, pyridine, ethylenediamine, hexamethylenediamine and the like can be mentioned, but are not particularly limited. Of these, urea, which is low in cost and easy to handle, is preferable.
- the amount of compound Q added is preferably 2 to 1000 parts by mass, more preferably 100 to 700 parts by mass, based on 100 parts by mass of the solid content of the cellulose raw material.
- the reaction temperature is preferably 0 to 95 ° C, more preferably 30 to 90 ° C.
- the reaction time is not particularly limited, but is about 1 to 600 minutes, more preferably 30 to 480 minutes.
- the conditions of the esterification reaction are within these ranges, it is possible to prevent the cellulose from being excessively esterified and easily dissolved, and the yield of the phosphate esterified cellulose becomes good.
- After dehydrating the obtained phosphoric acid esterified cellulose suspension it is preferable to heat-treat it at 100 to 170 ° C. from the viewpoint of suppressing hydrolysis of cellulose. Further, it is preferable to heat at 130 ° C. or lower, more preferably 110 ° C. or lower while water is contained in the heat treatment, remove water, and then heat-treat at 100 to 170 ° C.
- the degree of phosphoric acid group substitution per glucose unit of the phosphoric acid esterified cellulose is preferably 0.001 to 0.40.
- the celluloses electrically repel each other. Therefore, the cellulose into which a phosphate group has been introduced can be easily nano-defibrated. If the degree of phosphate substitution per glucose unit is less than 0.001, nano-defibration cannot be sufficiently performed. On the other hand, if the degree of phosphate substitution per glucose unit is greater than 0.40, nanofibers may not be obtained because they swell or dissolve.
- it is preferable that the phosphoric acid esterified cellulose raw material obtained above is boiled and then washed with cold water.
- the chemically modified cellulose cellulose obtained by further cationizing the carboxylated cellulose can be used.
- the cation-modified cellulose is prepared by adding a cationizing agent such as glycidyltrimethylammonium chloride, 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyltrialkylammonium halide or a halohydrin type thereof to the carboxylated cellulose raw material, and an alkali metal hydroxide as a catalyst. It can be obtained by reacting (sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, etc.) in the presence of water or an alcohol having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- the degree of cation substitution per glucose unit is preferably 0.02 to 0.50.
- the degree of cation substitution per glucose unit is less than 0.02, nano-defibration cannot be sufficiently performed.
- the degree of cation substitution per glucose unit is larger than 0.50, nanofibers may not be obtained because they swell or dissolve.
- the degree of cation substitution can be adjusted by the amount of the cationizing agent to be reacted and the composition ratio of water or alcohol having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- the anion-modified cellulose obtained by anion-modifying a cellulose raw material is a salt type
- a salt having good defibration and dispersibility such as sodium and ammonium can be used regardless of the type of salt type. It is preferable to select.
- the device for defibrating is not particularly limited, but a strong shearing force is applied to the aqueous dispersion using a device such as a high-speed rotary type, a colloid mill type, a high-pressure type, a roll mill type, or an ultrasonic type. Is preferable.
- a wet high-pressure or ultra-high pressure homogenizer capable of applying a pressure of 50 MPa or more to the aqueous dispersion and applying a strong shearing force.
- the pressure is more preferably 100 MPa or more, still more preferably 140 MPa or more.
- the defibration / dispersion treatment with a high-pressure homogenizer it is also possible to pre-treat the above CNF using a known mixing, stirring, emulsifying, and dispersing device such as a high-speed shear mixer, if necessary.
- the number of treatments (passes) in the defibrator may be once, twice or more, and preferably twice or more.
- the modified cellulose is usually dispersed in a solvent.
- the solvent is not particularly limited as long as it can disperse the modified cellulose, and examples thereof include water, an organic solvent (for example, a hydrophilic organic solvent such as methanol), and a mixed solvent thereof. Since the cellulose raw material is hydrophilic, the solvent is preferably water.
- the solid content concentration of the modified cellulose in the dispersion is not particularly limited, but the lower limit is usually 0.1% by mass or more, preferably 0.2% by mass or more, and more preferably 0.3% by mass or more. As a result, the amount of liquid becomes appropriate with respect to the amount of the cellulose fiber raw material, which is efficient.
- the upper limit is usually 10% by mass or less, preferably 6% by mass or less. This makes it possible to maintain liquidity.
- Pretreatment may be performed if necessary prior to the defibration treatment or dispersion treatment.
- the pretreatment may be performed using a mixing, stirring, emulsifying, or dispersing device such as a high-speed shear mixer.
- the modified cellulose nanofiber obtained through the defibration step is a salt type, it may be used as it is, or it may be used as an acid type by acid treatment using a mineral acid or a method using a cation exchange resin. Is also good. Further, the hydrophobicity may be imparted by a method using a cationic additive.
- a modifier may be added to the cellulose nanofibers (B) used in the present invention.
- a modifier such as a nitrogen-containing compound, a phosphorus-containing compound, or an onium ion is bonded to an anion group on the surface of the cellulose nanofiber to change properties such as polarity to make a solvent.
- the affinity of the bright pigment (C) and the dispersibility of the bright pigment (C) can be adjusted.
- the anion-modified cellulose nanofibers obtained by defibrating the anion-modified cellulose the dispersibility of the bright pigment (C) may deteriorate. Therefore, sodium hydroxide or ammonium hydroxide is appropriately used.
- a basic compound such as the above may be added to form a salt type.
- the anion-modified cellulose nanofiber is preferably a metal salt type, more preferably a sodium salt type, from the viewpoint of the metal or pearly luster of the obtained coating film.
- the bright paint for automobiles of the present invention is used for applications requiring water resistance, for example, if an ammonium salt type is used as the anion-modified cellulose nanofiber, ammonia volatilizes during drying. It is preferable because it becomes an acid type and the coating film becomes water resistant.
- the content of cellulose nanofibers (B) in the bright paint for automobiles of the present invention is based on 100 parts by mass of the total solid content in the bright paint for automobiles from the viewpoint of obtaining a coating film having excellent metallic or pearly luster.
- the solid content is preferably in the range of 0.1 to 97% by mass, more preferably in the range of 0.5 to 80% by mass, and further preferably in the range of 1 to 60% by mass. It is preferably in the range of 3 to 40% by mass, and particularly preferably in the range of 3 to 40% by mass.
- Bright pigment (C) examples of the bright pigment (C) in the bright paint for automobiles of the present invention include a vapor-deposited metal flake pigment, an aluminum flake pigment, a photointerfering pigment and the like. One or two or more of these pigments can be appropriately selected and used depending on the texture required for the obtained coating film. From the viewpoint of obtaining a coating film having excellent metallic luster, vapor-deposited metal flake pigments and aluminum flake pigments are preferable. On the other hand, from the viewpoint of obtaining a coating film having excellent pearly luster, a photocoherent pigment is suitable.
- the glitter pigment (C) is preferably reptile.
- the vapor-filmed metal flake pigment is obtained by depositing a metal film on a base base material, peeling off the base base material, and then pulverizing the vapor-deposited metal film.
- the base material include films and the like.
- the material of the metal is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include aluminum, gold, silver, copper, brass, titanium, chromium, nickel, nickel chromium, and stainless steel. Of these, aluminum or chrome is particularly preferable from the viewpoint of easy availability and ease of handling.
- deposited aluminum flake pigment the vapor-deposited metal flake pigment obtained by depositing aluminum
- deposited chrome flake pigment the vapor-deposited metal flake pigment obtained by depositing chromium
- the thin-film metal flake pigment one formed from one layer of the thin-film metal film can be used, but a multi-layer type pigment in which another metal or metal oxide is further formed on the thin-film metal film is used. You may.
- the surface of the vapor-deposited aluminum flake pigment is treated with silica from the viewpoint of storage stability and obtaining a coating film having excellent metallic luster.
- Examples of commercially available products that can be used as the above-mentioned vapor-filmed aluminum flake pigments include the "METALURE” series (trade name, manufactured by Ecult), the “Hydrosine WS” series (trade name, manufactured by Ecult), and the “Decomet” series (trade name, manufactured by Schlenk). (Manufactured by BASF), "Metaseen” series (trade name, manufactured by BASF) and the like.
- vapor-filmed chrome flake pigment examples include the "Metalure Liquid Black” series (trade name, manufactured by Ecult Co., Ltd.) and the like.
- the average thickness of the vapor-deposited metal flake pigment is preferably 0.01 to 1.0 ⁇ m, more preferably 0.015 to 0.1 ⁇ m.
- the average particle size (D50) of the vapor-deposited metal flake pigment is in the range of 1 to 50 ⁇ m from the viewpoint of forming a dense metal-like coating film having a high glossiness at highlight and a small grain feeling. It is preferably in the range of 5 to 20 ⁇ m, more preferably in the range of 5 to 20 ⁇ m.
- the average particle size (D50) here means the median size of the volume-based particle size distribution measured by the laser diffraction / scattering method using the Microtrack particle size distribution measuring device MT3300 (trade name, manufactured by Nikkiso Co., Ltd.).
- the thickness is defined as the average value of 100 or more measured values by observing the cross section of the coating film containing the bright pigment with a microscope and measuring the thickness using image processing software.
- the aluminum flake pigment is generally produced by pulverizing and grinding aluminum in a ball mill or an attritor mill in the presence of a pulverizing medium solution using a pulverizing aid.
- a pulverizing aid in the production process of the aluminum flake pigment include higher fatty acids such as oleic acid, stearic acid, isostearic acid, lauric acid, palmitic acid and myristic acid, as well as aliphatic amines, aliphatic amides and fatty alcohols. used.
- Aliphatic hydrocarbons such as mineral spirits are used as the pulverizing medium.
- the aluminum flake pigment can be roughly classified into a leafing type and a non-leaving type depending on the type of pulverizing aid.
- the brilliant paint for automobiles of the present invention is a non-leaving type scaly aluminum pigment from the viewpoint of forming a dense metallic coating film having excellent water resistance, high glossiness in highlights, and a small graininess. It is preferable to use.
- the non-leafing type scaly aluminum pigment those whose surface is not particularly treated can be used, but those whose surface is coated with resin, those treated with silica, phosphoric acid, molybdic acid, and silane coupling agent. It is also possible to use the one whose surface has been treated with. From the above various surface treatments, one that has been subjected to one type of treatment can be used, but one that has been subjected to a plurality of types of treatment may be used.
- a colored aluminum pigment such as one in which the surface of the aluminum flake pigment is coated with a coloring pigment and further coated with a resin, or one in which the surface of the aluminum flake pigment is coated with a metal oxide such as iron oxide is used. May be.
- the average particle size (D50) of the aluminum flake pigment is preferably in the range of 1 to 100 ⁇ m from the viewpoint of forming a dense metallic coating film having a high glossiness at the highlight and a small graininess. , More preferably in the range of 5 to 50 ⁇ m, particularly preferably in the range of 7 to 30 ⁇ m.
- the thickness of the aluminum flake pigment is preferably in the range of 0.01 to 1.0 ⁇ m, and particularly preferably in the range of 0.02 to 0.5 ⁇ m.
- the bright pigment (C) in the bright paint for automobiles of the present invention it is preferable to use the vapor-deposited metal flake pigment and the aluminum flake pigment in combination from the viewpoint of water resistance and paint stability.
- the blending ratio of the vapor-deposited metal flake pigment and the aluminum flake pigment is preferably 9/1 to 1/9, preferably 2/8 to 8/2 in terms of mass ratio.
- a photo-interfering pigment it is preferable to use a photo-interfering pigment in which a transparent or translucent base material is coated with titanium oxide.
- a transparent substrate refers to a substrate that transmits at least 90% of visible light.
- a translucent substrate refers to a substrate that transmits at least 10% to less than 90% of visible light.
- the photointerfering pigment is a metal having a refractive index different from that of the transparent or translucent scaly substrate such as mica, artificial mica, glass, iron oxide, aluminum oxide, and various metal oxides. It is a bright pigment coated with an oxide.
- the metal oxide include titanium oxide and iron oxide, and the photocoherent pigment can exhibit various different interference colors depending on the difference in the thickness of the metal oxide.
- photo-interfering pigment examples include the following metal oxide-coated mica pigments, metal oxide-coated alumina flake pigments, metal oxide-coated glass flake pigments, and metal oxide-coated silica flake pigments. it can.
- the metal oxide-coated mica pigment is a pigment in which natural mica or artificial mica is used as a base material and the surface of the base material is coated with a metal oxide.
- Natural mica is a scaly base material obtained by crushing ore mica (mica).
- Artificial mica is synthesized by heating industrial raw materials such as SiO 2 , MgO, Al 2 O 3 , K 2 SiF 6 , and Na 2 SiF 6 , melting them at a high temperature of about 1500 ° C, cooling them, and crystallizing them. It has few impurities and is uniform in size and thickness when compared with natural mica.
- fluorine gold mica KMg 3 AlSi 3 O 10 F 2
- potassium tetrasilicon mica KMg 2.5 AlSi 4 O 10 F 2
- sodium tetrasilicon mica NaMg 2.5 AlSi 4
- O 10 F 2 Na teniolite
- NaMg 2 LiSi 4 O 10 F 2 LiNa teniolite
- LiMg 2 LiSi 4 O 10 F 2 LiNa teniolite
- the metal oxide-coated alumina flake pigment is a pigment in which alumina flakes are used as a base material and the surface of the base material is coated with a metal oxide.
- Alumina flakes mean scaly (flaky) aluminum oxide, which is colorless and transparent. The alumina flakes do not have to be a single component of aluminum oxide and may contain oxides of other metals.
- a metal oxide-coated glass flake pigment is a pigment whose base material is scaly glass and whose surface is coated with a metal oxide. Since the surface of the base material of the metal oxide-coated glass flake pigment is smooth, strong light reflection occurs.
- the metal oxide-coated silica flake pigment is a pigment in which a metal oxide coats scaly silica, which is a base material having a smooth surface and a uniform thickness.
- the photocoherent pigment may be surface-treated to improve dispersibility, water resistance, chemical resistance, weather resistance, and the like.
- the average particle size of the photocoherent pigment is preferably in the range of 5 to 30 ⁇ m, particularly preferably 7 to 20 ⁇ m from the viewpoint of obtaining a coating film having excellent pearly luster.
- the thickness of the photocoherent pigment is preferably in the range of 0.05 to 1 ⁇ m, particularly preferably 0.1 to 0.8 ⁇ m from the viewpoint of obtaining a coating film having excellent pearly luster.
- the average particle size of the bright pigment (C) in the bright paint for automobiles of the present invention is a highlight and has a high glossiness, and forms a coating film having a fine metallic or pearly gloss with a small grain feeling. From the viewpoint, it is preferable to use one in the range of 1 to 100 ⁇ m, more preferably in the range of 5 to 50 ⁇ m, and particularly preferably in the range of 7 to 30 ⁇ m.
- the thickness of the glitter pigment (C) is preferably in the range of 0.01 to 1.0 ⁇ m, and particularly preferably in the range of 0.02 to 0.5 ⁇ m.
- the content of the bright pigment (C) in the bright paint for automobiles of the present invention is 100 parts by mass in total solid content in the bright paint for automobiles from the viewpoint of obtaining a coating film having excellent metallic or pearly luster.
- the solid content is preferably in the range of 2 to 97% by mass, particularly preferably in the range of 5 to 65% by mass, and further preferably in the range of 10 to 60% by mass.
- the automotive brilliant paint of the present invention may further contain components other than the water, dispersant (A), cellulose nanofibers (B) and brilliant pigment (C), if necessary. ..
- the component include a viscosity modifier other than the cellulose nanofiber (B), a pigment other than the bright pigment (C), a binder resin, a crosslinkable component, a wetting agent, an organic solvent, an ultraviolet absorber, and a photostabilizing agent. Agents, basic compounds and the like can be mentioned.
- Viscosity modifiers other than cellulose nanofibers (B) The brilliant paint for automobiles of the present invention has viscosity other than cellulose nanofibers (B) from the viewpoint of water resistance, metallic or pearly luster of the obtained coating film. It can contain a modifier.
- a viscosity adjusting agent other than the cellulose nanofiber (B) for example, a polyamide-based viscosity adjusting agent, a mineral-based viscosity adjusting agent, a polyacrylic acid-based viscosity adjusting agent, or the like can be used.
- polyamide-based viscosity modifier examples include polyamide amine salts and fatty acid polyamides.
- Examples of the mineral viscosity modifier include a swelling layered silicate having a 2: 1 type structure in its crystal structure.
- smectite clay minerals such as natural or synthetic montmorillonite, saponite, hectorite, stibunsite, bidelite, nontronite, bentonite, and laponite
- Na-type tetrasilicic fluorine mica and Li-type tetrasilicic fluorine mica.
- Na salt-type fluorine teniolite, swellable mica clay minerals such as Li-type fluorine teniolite and vermiculite, substitutions and derivatives thereof, or mixtures thereof.
- polyacrylic acid-based viscosity modifier examples include sodium polyacrylate, polyacrylic acid- (meth) acrylic acid ester copolymer, and the like.
- polyacrylic acid-based viscosity modifier Commercially available products of the polyacrylic acid-based viscosity modifier include, for example, "Primal ASE-60", “Primal TT615", “Primal RM5" (hereinafter, trade name) manufactured by Dow Chemical Co., Ltd., and "SN Sixer” manufactured by San Nopco Co., Ltd. 613 ”,“ SN thickener 618 ”,“ SN thickener 630 ”,“ SN thickener 634 ”,“ SN thickener 636 ”(above, trade name) and the like can be mentioned.
- the solid content acid value of the polyacrylic acid-based viscosity modifier those in the range of 30 to 300 mgKOH / g, preferably 80 to 280 mgKOH / g can be used.
- the content thereof is based on 100 parts by mass of the solid content of the cellulose nanofibers (B).
- the solid content is preferably in the range of 1 to 200 parts by mass, and more preferably in the range of 50 to 150 parts by mass.
- Pigments other than the bright pigment (C) The bright paint for automobiles of the present invention can contain pigments other than the bright pigment (C).
- the pigment other than the glitter pigment (C) for example, a coloring pigment, an extender pigment, or the like can be used.
- coloring pigments examples include titanium oxide, zinc oxide, carbon black, molybdenum red, Prussian blue, cobalt blue, azo pigments, phthalocyanine pigments, quinacridone pigments, isoindolin pigments, slene pigments, and perylene pigments. , Dioxazine pigments, diketopyrrolopyrrole pigments and the like.
- extender pigment examples include clay, kaolin, barium sulfate, barium carbonate, calcium carbonate, talc, silica, and alumina white.
- Pigments other than the above-mentioned bright pigment (C) can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- Binder Resin The brilliant paint for automobiles of the present invention can contain a binder resin from the viewpoint of water resistance of the obtained coating film and the like.
- binder resin examples include acrylic resin, polyester resin, alkyd resin, and urethane resin. Further, the binder resin preferably has a crosslinkable functional group such as a hydroxyl group, a carboxyl group and an epoxy group.
- the content thereof is preferably 0.01 to 500 parts by mass, more preferably, based on 100 parts by mass of the content of the bright pigment (C). Is 5 to 300 parts by mass, more preferably 10 to 200 parts by mass.
- the binder resin it is preferable to use a resin aqueous dispersion as at least one of them from the viewpoint of water resistance of the obtained coating film.
- the resin water dispersion one in which the resin is dispersed in an aqueous solvent can be used.
- the resin aqueous dispersion for example, at least one selected from the group consisting of a urethane resin aqueous dispersion, an acrylic resin aqueous dispersion, a polyester resin aqueous dispersion, an olefin resin aqueous dispersion, and a composite of these resins is selected. Can be contained.
- the resin aqueous dispersion may be modified.
- urethane resin aqueous dispersions and acrylic resin aqueous dispersions are preferable, and hydroxyl group-containing urethane resin aqueous dispersions and hydroxyl group-containing acrylic resin aqueous dispersions are preferable from the viewpoint of water resistance of the obtained coating film.
- the hydroxyl group-containing acrylic resin aqueous dispersion is particularly preferably a core-shell type.
- the content thereof is in the range of 1 to 60 parts by mass based on 100 parts by mass of the total solid content in the brilliant paint for automobiles. It is preferably, more preferably in the range of 10 to 40 parts by mass.
- the brilliant paint for automobiles of the present invention can further contain a crosslinkable component from the viewpoint of water resistance and adhesion of the obtained coating film.
- the crosslinkable component is a component for cross-linking and curing the binder resin for automobiles when it contains the binder resin, and self-crosslinking when the binder resin is not contained. There may be. Alternatively, the crosslinkable component may be a component for cross-linking and curing with a part of the colored paint that forms the colored coating film or a part of the clear paint that forms the clear coating film, which will be described later.
- the crosslinkable component include amino resin, urea resin, polyisocyanate compound, blocked polyisocyanate compound, polyisocyanate compound blocked with active methylene compound, epoxy group-containing compound, carboxyl group-containing compound, carbodiimide group-containing compound, and hydrazide.
- Group-containing compounds, semi-carbodiide group-containing compounds, silane coupling agents and the like can be mentioned.
- an amino resin capable of reacting with a hydroxyl group a polyisocyanate compound, a blocked polyisocyanate compound, and a carbodiimide group-containing compound capable of reacting with a carboxyl group are preferable.
- the polyisocyanate compound and the blocked polyisocyanate compound those described in the section of clear coating material described later can be used.
- the crosslinkable component can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the content thereof is the brilliant pigment (C) in the brilliant paint for automobiles of the present invention from the viewpoint of water resistance of the obtained coating film and the like.
- Content is preferably in the range of 1 to 100 parts by mass, more preferably in the range of 5 to 95 parts by mass, and in the range of 10 to 90 parts by mass, based on 100 parts by mass of the content. It is more preferable to be inside.
- the total content of the binder resin and the crosslinkable component is the metal or pearly luster of the obtained coating film and water resistance adhesion.
- the solid content is preferably in the range of 0.1 to 500 parts by mass based on 100 parts by mass of the solid content of the bright pigment (C) in the bright paint for automobiles. It is more preferably in the range of 300 parts by mass, further preferably in the range of 10 to 100 parts by mass.
- the automotive brilliant paint of the present invention may further contain a wetting agent from the viewpoint of the metal of the obtained coating film, pearly luster and the like.
- the wetting agent is particularly limited as long as it is a material having an effect of supporting uniform orientation of the automobile bright paint on the object to be coated when the automobile bright paint is applied to the object to be coated. Can be used without.
- a wetting agent Materials having such an action may be referred to as a wetting agent, a leveling agent, a surface conditioner, an antifoaming agent, a surfactant, a super wetter, etc., in addition to the wetting agent.
- a wetting agent a leveling agent
- a surface conditioner an antifoaming agent
- a surfactant a surfactant
- a super wetter etc.
- slime agents leveling agents, surface conditioners, antifoaming agents, surfactants and super wetters.
- the amount of the wetting agent blended in the bright paint for automobiles of the present invention is preferably 4 to 400 parts by mass, more preferably 5 to 100 parts by mass, based on 100 parts by mass of the solid content of the bright pigment (C). , More preferably 8 to 60 parts by mass.
- wetting agent examples include silicone-based, acrylic-based, vinyl-based, fluorine-based, and acetylenediol-based wetting agents.
- the wetting agents may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the wetting agent has an acetylenediol-based wetting agent and / or an ethylene oxide chain from the viewpoint of obtaining a bright coating material for automobiles, which has excellent water resistance, can form a metal or pearly luster, and has high stability. It is preferable to use a wetting agent.
- wetting agent it is preferable to use a wetting agent which is an ethylene oxide adduct of acetylene diol.
- wetting agents include, for example, BYK series manufactured by Big Chemie, Tego series manufactured by Evonik, Granol series manufactured by Kyoei Kagaku, Polyflow series, Disparon series manufactured by Kusumoto Kasei, and Surfy manufactured by Evonik Industries. Examples include the Noor series.
- silicone-based wetting agent polydimethylsiloxane and modified silicone modified from the polydimethylsiloxane are used.
- modified silicone include polyether-modified silicone, acrylic-modified silicone, polyester-modified silicone and the like.
- the content of the wetting agent in the bright paint for automobiles of the present invention is based on 100 parts by mass of the solid content of the bright paint for automobiles from the viewpoint that the obtained multi-layer coating film is excellent in metal or pearly luster.
- the amount is preferably 0.01 to 20 parts by mass, more preferably 0.02 to 15 parts by mass, and further preferably 0.05 to 10 parts by mass.
- the automobile brilliant paint of the present invention has a solid content of 0.1 to 10 mass by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of all the components of the brilliant paint for automobiles from the viewpoint of the metal or pearly luster of the obtained coating film. It is preferably contained in parts, more preferably 0.5 to 9 parts by mass, and even more preferably 1 to 8 parts by mass.
- the brilliant paint for automobiles of the present invention includes water, the dispersant (A), the cellulose nanofibers (B), the brilliant pigment (C) and the like from the viewpoint of the metal or pearly luster of the obtained coating film.
- the solid content is preferably 0.1 to 10 parts by mass, more preferably 0.5 to 9 parts by mass, and even more, based on 100 parts by mass of all the components of the brilliant paint for automobiles, which contains a wetting agent. It is preferably a brilliant paint for automobiles containing 1 to 8 parts by mass.
- Viscosity is defined as the viscosity 1 minute after the start of measurement under certain conditions. Specifically, the prepared brilliant paint for automobiles is placed in a predetermined container, the rotation speed is set to 1000 rotations / minute using a rotary stirrer, and the mixture is stirred and mixed until uniform. Then, at a temperature of 20 ° C., the viscosity (also referred to as “B6 value” in the present specification) 1 minute after the start of rotation is measured with a B-type viscometer under the condition of 6 rotations / minute (6 rpm). At this time, the viscometer used is LVDV-I (trade name, manufactured by BROOKFIELD, B-type viscometer). A rotation speed of 6 rpm is a general condition for controlling the viscosity of a quasi-plastic liquid.
- the brilliant paint for automobiles of the present invention has a viscosity (B6 value) of preferably 100 to 10000 mPa ⁇ under the condition of a rotation speed of 6 rotations / minute (6 rpm) from the viewpoint of the metal or pearly luster of the obtained coating film. It is in the range of sec, more preferably 200 to 8000 mPa ⁇ sec, and even more preferably 400 to 6000 mPa ⁇ sec.
- the brilliant paint for automobiles of the present invention is measured at a temperature of 20 ° C. with a B-type viscometer at 60 rpm (60 rpm) 1 minute after the start of rotation.
- Viscosity (also referred to as “B60 value” in the present specification) is preferably in the range of 30 to 2000 mPa ⁇ s, more preferably in the range of 40 to 1800 mPa ⁇ s, and 50 to 1500 mPa ⁇ s. It is more preferably within the range.
- the viscometer used is LVDV-I (trade name, manufactured by BROOKFIELD, B-type viscometer).
- Ti value (thixotropic index)
- JIS K 5101-6--2 (2004) Pigment Test Method, Section 2, Rotational Viscometer Method, and has a B-type viscosity.
- Using a meter measure the viscosity (mPa ⁇ s) at 20 ° C., 6 rpm and 60 rpm, and measure the viscosity at "6 rpm viscosity measurement value / 60 rpm viscosity measurement value (B6 value / B60 value)”. It can be obtained by calculating the value of the measured value.
- the Ti value is preferably in the range of 1.5 to 10, more preferably in the range of 2 to 9, and more preferably 2.5 to 8 from the viewpoint of the metal or pearly luster of the obtained coating film. It is more preferable that it is within the range of.
- a Ti value of 1.5 or more is preferable from the viewpoint of difficulty in sedimentation of the pigment, and a Ti value of 10 or less is preferable from the viewpoint of suppressing pigment aggregation.
- the brilliant paint for automobiles of the present invention can form a coating film having excellent metal or pearl-like luster, and is therefore preferably used as a water-based base coat paint.
- the brilliant paint for automobiles of the present invention is obtained by coating a colored paint on an object to be coated to form a colored coating film, or on a cured or uncured colored coating film of the present invention.
- a base coating film made of a transparent base coating film may be formed between the colored coating film and the brilliant coating film.
- Multi-layer coating film forming method (1) Object to be coated / Colored coating film / Bright coating film / Clear coating film
- the colored coating film, the brilliant coating film and the clear coating film are laminated wet-on-wet and the three layers are cured at the same time. Is preferable.
- the multi-layer coating film forming method (2) after forming the colored coating film, it is cured, and then a transparent base coating film, a brilliant coating film, and a clear coating film are laminated wet-on-wet. It is preferable that the three layers are cured at the same time.
- the multi-layer coating film of the present invention is formed on the object to be coated shown below.
- the object to be coated include an outer panel portion of an automobile body such as a passenger car, a truck, and a bus; an automobile part and the like.
- Materials to be coated include metals such as iron, zinc, and aluminum, metal materials such as alloys containing at least one of these metals, molded products made of at least one of these metals, glass, and plastic (plastic foam). (Including), etc., molded products, plastic films, etc. can be mentioned.
- degreasing treatment or surface treatment can be appropriately performed to obtain an object to be coated. Examples of the surface treatment include phosphate treatment, chromate treatment, composite oxide treatment and the like.
- an undercoat coating film is formed on the surface-treated metal material by a cationic electrodeposition coating material or the like.
- the undercoat coating film is preferably a cured coating film, and more preferably the coating film formed by a cationic electrodeposition coating film or the like is a cured coating film.
- a primer coating film is formed on the degreased plastic material by the primer paint.
- thermosetting paint which contains a base resin, a cross-linking agent, a pigment and a solvent such as an organic solvent and / or water as a main component, can be used.
- examples of the thermosetting paint include an intermediate coating paint and a base paint.
- thermosetting resins examples include thermosetting resins and room temperature curable resins, but thermosetting resins are desirable from the viewpoints of water resistance, chemical resistance, weather resistance, and the like.
- the base resin is preferably an acrylic resin, a polyester resin, an epoxy resin, a urethane resin, or the like from the viewpoint of weather resistance and transparency.
- acrylic resin examples include (meth) acrylic acid esters having functional groups such as ⁇ , ⁇ -ethylenic unsaturated carboxylic acid, hydroxyl groups, amide groups, methylol groups, and epoxy groups, and other (meth) acrylic acids.
- acrylic acid esters having functional groups such as ⁇ , ⁇ -ethylenic unsaturated carboxylic acid, hydroxyl groups, amide groups, methylol groups, and epoxy groups
- other (meth) acrylic acids examples include a resin obtained by copolymerizing an ester, styrene, or the like.
- polyester resin examples include polyhydric alcohols such as ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, butylene glycol, 1,6-hexanediol, trimethylolpropane, and pentaerythritol, and adipic acid, isophthalic acid, terephthalic acid, phthalic anhydride, and hexahydro.
- a polyester resin or the like obtained by a condensation reaction with a polyvalent carboxylic acid component such as phthalic anhydride or trimellitic anhydride can be used.
- epoxy resin examples include so-called bisphenol A type epoxy resin produced by a condensation reaction between bisphenol A and epichlorohydrin.
- urethane resin examples include a compound obtained by an addition reaction of a diisocyanate compound and a polyhydric alcohol, and a resin obtained by reacting the above acrylic resin, polyester resin or epoxy resin with a diisocyanate compound to increase the molecular weight.
- the colored paint may be either a water-based paint or a solvent-based paint, but it is desirable that the colored paint is a water-based paint from the viewpoint of reducing VOC of the paint.
- the coloring paint is a water-based paint
- the base resin has a sufficient amount of hydrophilic groups such as a carboxyl group, a hydroxyl group, a methylol group, an amino group, a sulfonic acid group, and a poly, in an amount sufficient to make the resin water-soluble or water-dispersed.
- the substrate resin can be made water-soluble or water-dispersible by using a resin containing a carboxyl group, such as an oxyethylene bond, and neutralizing the hydrophilic group to form an alkali salt.
- the amount of the hydrophilic group, for example, the carboxyl group at that time is not particularly limited and can be arbitrarily selected depending on the degree of water solubility or water dispersion, but generally, about 10 mgKOH / based on the acid value. It can be in the range of g or more, preferably 30 to 200 mgKOH / g.
- the alkaline substance used for neutralization include sodium hydroxide, an amine compound and the like.
- the water-dispersion of the resin can also be carried out by emulsion polymerization of the polymerizable component in the presence of a surfactant or a water-soluble resin. Further, it can also be obtained by dispersing the above resin in water in the presence of, for example, an emulsifier. In this water dispersion, the hydrophilic group may not be contained at all in the substrate resin, or may be contained in a smaller amount than the water-soluble resin.
- the cross-linking agent is for cross-linking and curing the base resin by heating, and those exemplified as the cross-linking component in the description column of the above-mentioned bright paint for automobiles of the present invention can be used.
- the ratio of each of the above components in the colored paint can be arbitrarily selected as needed, but from the viewpoint of water resistance, finishability, etc., the substrate resin and the cross-linking agent are generally added to the total mass of both components.
- the former is preferably in the range of 60 to 90% by mass, particularly 70 to 85% by mass, and the latter is preferably in the range of 10 to 40% by mass, particularly 15 to 30% by mass.
- the pigment imparts color and base hiding property to a colored coating film formed by a colored paint.
- the type and blending amount of the pigment can be appropriately adjusted according to the hue or lightness required for the multi-layer coating film.
- the lightness L * value of the coating film obtained by the colored paint is 0.1 to 90, preferably 0.1 to 70, and more preferably 0.1 to 60. It can be adjusted so that it is within the range of.
- the pigment include metallic pigments, rust preventive pigments, coloring pigments, extender pigments, etc. Among them, it is preferable to use coloring pigments, and a coating film having excellent base hiding property and metallic luster can be obtained. From the viewpoint of, it is more preferable to use a black pigment. It is preferable to adjust the type and blending amount of the pigment in the colored paint so that the L * of the colored coating film is within the above range.
- the cured film thickness of the colored coating film obtained by the colored coating film is preferably 3 ⁇ m to 50 ⁇ m, more preferably 5 to 45 ⁇ m, still more preferably 5 to 45 ⁇ m, from the viewpoint of the hiding property of the base and the metallic glossiness of the multi-layer coating film. Is 8-40 ⁇ m.
- the cured film thickness can be 15 ⁇ m to 50 ⁇ m, preferably 18 to 45 ⁇ m, and more preferably 20 to 40 ⁇ m.
- the colored paint can be applied according to a usual method.
- the colored paint is a water-based paint, for example, deionized water and, if necessary, an additive such as a thickener or a defoaming agent are added to the colored paint.
- an additive such as a thickener or a defoaming agent
- the surface to be coated can be spray-painted, rotary atomized-painted, or the like. ..
- electrostatic application can be performed if necessary.
- the colored paint (X) has a black-and-white concealing film thickness of preferably 80 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 10 to 60 ⁇ m, and even more preferably 15 to 50 ⁇ m.
- the “black and white concealment film thickness” refers to the film thickness after the black and white checkered concealment rate test paper specified in 4.1.2 of JIS K5600-4-1 is attached to a steel plate. After the paint is graded and dried or cured so that the film thickness changes continuously, the coated surface is visually observed under diffuse daylight, and the black-and-white boundary of the checkered pattern on the concealment test paper becomes invisible. It is a value measured by an electromagnetic film thickness meter.
- the brilliant paint for automobiles of the present invention When the brilliant paint for automobiles of the present invention is applied onto an uncured coating film with a colored paint as in the multi-layer coating film forming method (1), the colored paint is applied and then at room temperature from 15 to 15.
- the brilliant paint for automobiles of the present invention can be applied after being left for 30 minutes or heated at a temperature of 50 to 100 ° C. for 30 seconds to 10 minutes.
- the heating temperature is preferably in the range of 110 to 180 ° C, particularly preferably 120 to 160 ° C.
- the heat treatment time is preferably in the range of 10 to 60 minutes, particularly preferably 15 to 40 minutes.
- base paint that may be transparent
- a paint composition known per se can be used as the base paint.
- the base paint it is preferable to use a paint composition usually used when painting an automobile body or the like.
- the base paint is preferably a paint containing a base resin, a curing agent, and a medium composed of water and / or an organic solvent.
- the base resin is preferably a resin having good weather resistance and transparency, and specific examples thereof include acrylic resin, polyester resin, epoxy resin, and urethane resin.
- acrylic resin examples include (meth) acrylic acid esters having functional groups such as ⁇ , ⁇ -ethylenic unsaturated carboxylic acid, hydroxyl groups, amide groups, and methylol groups; other (meth) acrylic acid esters; styrene and the like. Examples thereof include a resin obtained by copolymerizing a monomer component.
- polyester resin a polyester resin obtained by subjecting a polybasic acid, a polyhydric alcohol, or a modified oil to a condensation reaction by a conventional method can be used.
- the epoxy resin for example, an epoxy resin obtained by synthesizing an epoxy ester by a reaction between an epoxy group and an unsaturated fatty acid and adding ⁇ , ⁇ -unsaturated acid to the unsaturated group, and a hydroxyl group of the epoxy ester.
- Epoxy resins obtained by a method of esterifying polybasic acids such as phthalic acid and trimellitic acid are examples of polybasic acids such as phthalic acid and trimellitic acid.
- the urethane resin is selected from, for example, at least one diisocyanate compound selected from the group consisting of an aliphatic diisocyanate compound, an alicyclic diisocyanate compound and an aromatic diisocyanate compound, and a group consisting of a polyether polyol, a polyester polyol and a polycarbonate polyol.
- diisocyanate compound selected from the group consisting of an aliphatic diisocyanate compound, an alicyclic diisocyanate compound and an aromatic diisocyanate compound
- a polyether polyol a group consisting of an aliphatic diisocyanate compound
- polyester polyol a polycarbonate polyol
- Examples thereof include a urethane resin obtained by reacting with at least one kind of polyol compound; a urethane resin obtained by reacting the above acrylic resin, polyester resin or epoxy resin with a dipolyisocyanate compound to increase the molecular weight.
- the base paint may be either a water-based paint or a solvent-based paint, but it is desirable that the base paint is a water-based paint from the viewpoint of reducing VOC of the paint.
- the base resin is a hydrophilic group in an amount sufficient to make the resin water-soluble or water-dispersed, for example, a carboxyl group, a hydroxyl group, a methylol group, an amino group, a sulfonic acid group, or a poly.
- a resin containing a carboxyl group such as an oxyethylene group, and neutralizing the hydrophilic group to an alkali salt
- the substrate resin can be made water-soluble or water-dispersible.
- the amount of the hydrophilic group, for example, the carboxyl group at that time is not particularly limited and can be arbitrarily selected depending on the degree of water solubility or water dispersion, but generally, about 10 mgKOH / based on the acid value. It can be in the range of g or more, preferably 30 to 200 mgKOH / g.
- the alkaline substance used for neutralization include sodium hydroxide and an amine compound.
- the aqueous dispersion of the resin can also be carried out by emulsion polymerization of the monomer component in the presence of a surfactant and optionally a water-soluble resin. Further, it can also be obtained by dispersing the above resin in water in the presence of, for example, an emulsifier.
- the base resin may not contain the hydrophilic groups at all, or may contain less hydrophilic groups than the water-soluble resin.
- the curing agent is for cross-linking and curing the substrate resin by heating, and includes, for example, an amino resin, a polyisocyanate compound (including an unblocked polyisocyanate compound and a blocked polyisocyanate compound), an epoxy group-containing compound, and the like.
- examples thereof include a carboxyl group-containing compound, a carbodiimide group-containing compound, a hydrazide group-containing compound, and a semicarbodiide group-containing compound.
- an amino resin capable of reacting with a hydroxyl group, a polyisocyanate compound, and a carbodiimide group-containing compound capable of reacting with a carboxyl group are preferable.
- the above-mentioned cross-linking agent can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- an amino resin obtained by condensing or co-condensing melamine, benzoguanamine, urea or the like with formaldehyde, or an amino resin obtained by further etherifying with a lower monohydric alcohol is preferably used.
- a polyisocyanate compound can also be preferably used.
- the ratio of each of the above components in the base paint can be arbitrarily selected as needed, but from the viewpoint of water resistance, finishability, etc., the substrate resin and the cross-linking agent are generally added to the total mass of both components.
- the former is preferably in the range of 50 to 90% by mass, particularly 60 to 85% by mass, and the latter is preferably in the range of 10 to 50% by mass, particularly 15 to 40% by mass.
- An organic solvent can be used as the base paint if necessary. Specifically, those usually used for paints can be used.
- the organic solvent include hydrocarbons such as toluene, xylene, hexane and heptane; esters such as ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether acetate and diethylene glycol monobutyl acetate; ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, Ethers such as ethylene glycol diethyl ether, diethylene glycol monomethyl ether and diethylene glycol dibutyl ether; alcohols such as butanol, propanol, octanol, cyclohexanol and diethylene glycol; organic solvents of ketones such as methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, cyclohexanone and isophorone can be mentioned. These can be used alone or in
- the base paint may include a coloring pigment, an extender pigment, a bright pigment, an ultraviolet absorber, a defoaming agent, a viscosity modifier, a basic compound, a rust preventive, a surface conditioner, etc., if desired. May be appropriately contained.
- the base paint may be a transparent paint or a colored paint, but is preferably a transparent paint from the viewpoint of obtaining a coating film having excellent metallic or pearly luster.
- the base paint is a transparent paint means that the haze value of a dry film having a film thickness of 35 ⁇ m obtained by painting the base paint is 25% or less.
- the haze value is a diffusion measured by applying a base paint on a smooth PTFE plate and measuring the cured and peeled coating film with a turbidity meter COH-300A (trade name, manufactured by Nippon Denshoku Kogyo Co., Ltd.). It shall be defined as a numerical value calculated by the following equation (1) from the light transmittance (DF) and the parallel light transmittance (PT).
- an extender pigment can be contained if necessary.
- the extender pigment include barium sulfate, barium carbonate, calcium carbonate, aluminum silicate, silica, magnesium carbonate, talc, and alumina white.
- the blending amount is preferably in the range of 0.1 to 30 parts by mass, more preferably 0.1 to 20 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the resin solid content in the base paint. It is within the range of the part.
- the base paint is a colored paint, it contains a colored pigment.
- the base coating material can contain a coloring pigment such as titanium oxide and carbon black, and if necessary, a conventionally known coloring pigment other than titanium oxide and carbon black can be contained. ..
- the coloring pigment is not particularly limited, but specifically, an iron oxide pigment, a composite metal oxide pigment such as titanium yellow, an azo pigment, a quinacridone pigment, a diketopyrrolopyrrole pigment, and a perylene pigment.
- the bright pigment include those exemplified in the column of the colored paint.
- the blending amount is preferably in the range of 0.1 to 50 parts by mass, more preferably 0.2 to 40 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the resin solid content in the base paint. It is within the range of the part.
- the cured film thickness of the base coating film obtained by the base coating material is preferably 3 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 3 to 20 ⁇ m, and even more preferably 5 to 15 ⁇ m from the viewpoint of smoothness and metallic glossiness.
- the base paint can be applied according to a usual method, and examples thereof include air spray coating, airless spray coating, and rotary atomization coating.
- electrostatic coating may be applied as needed.
- electrostatic coating of the rotary atomization method and electrostatic coating of the air spray method are preferable, and electrostatic coating of the rotary atomization method is preferable. Painting is particularly preferred.
- the base coating appropriately contains water and / or an organic solvent and, if necessary, additives such as a viscosity modifier and a defoaming agent. It is preferable to adjust the solid content and viscosity to be suitable for painting.
- the solid content of the base coating material is preferably in the range of 10 to 60% by mass, more preferably 15 to 55% by mass, and further preferably 20 to 50% by mass.
- the viscosity of the base coating material by a B-type viscometer at 20 ° C. and 6 rpm is preferably in the range of 200 to 7000 cps, more preferably 300 to 6000 cps, and further preferably 500 to 5000 cps.
- the bright paint for automobiles of the present invention can be coated by a method such as electrostatic coating, air spray, or airless spray. These coating methods may be electrostatically applied, if necessary. In the method for forming a multi-layer coating film of the present invention, rotary atomization type electrostatic coating is particularly preferable.
- the film thickness 1 minute after the brilliant paint for automobiles of the present invention adheres to the object to be coated is preferably 3 to 100 ⁇ m, more preferably 4 to 80 ⁇ m, from the viewpoint of obtaining a coating film having excellent metallic luster. More preferably, it is 5 to 60 ⁇ m.
- the clear paint can be painted after being left at room temperature for 15 to 30 minutes or heated at a temperature of 50 to 100 ° C. for 30 seconds to 10 minutes.
- the thickness of the coating film formed by the brilliant coating film for automobiles of the present invention is preferably 0.02 to 40 ⁇ m, more preferably 0.05 to 30 ⁇ m, and further preferably 0.1 to 25 ⁇ m as a dry film thickness. is there.
- the brilliant paint for automobiles of the present invention has a solid content of 0.1 to 10 parts by mass, preferably 0.5 to 9 parts by mass, based on 100 parts by mass of all the components of the brilliant paint for automobiles.
- the thickness of the brilliant coating film formed by the brilliant coating material for automobiles is 0.02 to 7 ⁇ m, more preferably 0.1 to 4 ⁇ m as a dry film thickness. , More preferably 0.15 to 3 ⁇ m.
- the thickness of the brilliant coating film formed by the brilliant paint for automobiles is determined.
- the dry film thickness is preferably 0.02 to 3.5 ⁇ m, more preferably 0.08 to 3 ⁇ m.
- a clear coating film can be formed by applying a clear coating film on the glittering coating film obtained by applying the above-mentioned glitter coating film for automobiles.
- thermosetting clear coat paint composition any known thermosetting clear coat paint composition can be used.
- thermosetting clear coat coating composition include an organic solvent type thermosetting coating composition containing a base resin having a crosslinkable functional group and a curing agent, an aqueous thermosetting coating composition, and powder thermosetting.
- sexual paint compositions and the like can be mentioned.
- Examples of the crosslinkable functional group contained in the substrate resin include a carboxyl group, a hydroxyl group, an epoxy group, and a silanol group.
- Examples of the type of the base resin include acrylic resin, polyester resin, alkyd resin, urethane resin, epoxy resin, fluororesin and the like.
- Examples of the curing agent include polyisocyanate compounds, blocked polyisocyanate compounds, melamine resins, urea resins, carboxyl group-containing compounds, carboxyl group-containing resins, epoxy group-containing resins, and epoxy group-containing compounds.
- a carboxyl group-containing resin / epoxy group-containing resin, a hydroxyl group-containing resin / polyisocyanate compound, a hydroxyl group-containing resin / blocked polyisocyanate compound, a hydroxyl group-containing resin / melamine resin and the like are preferable. ..
- the clear paint may be a one-component paint or a multi-component paint such as a two-component paint.
- the clear paint is preferably a two-component clear paint containing the following hydroxyl group-containing resin and polyisocyanate compound from the viewpoint of the adhesiveness of the obtained coating film.
- hydroxyl group-containing resin conventionally known resins can be used without limitation as long as they contain hydroxyl groups.
- the hydroxyl group-containing resin include a hydroxyl group-containing acrylic resin, a hydroxyl group-containing polyester resin, a hydroxyl group-containing polyether resin, and a hydroxyl group-containing polyurethane resin, and preferred examples thereof include a hydroxyl group-containing acrylic resin and a hydroxyl group-containing polyester resin.
- a hydroxyl group-containing acrylic resin can be mentioned as a particularly preferable one.
- the hydroxyl value of the hydroxyl group-containing acrylic resin is preferably in the range of 80 to 200 mgKOH / g, and more preferably in the range of 100 to 180 mgKOH / g, from the viewpoint of scratch resistance and water resistance of the coating film. ..
- the weight average molecular weight of the hydroxyl group-containing acrylic resin is preferably in the range of 2500 to 40,000, and more preferably in the range of 5000 to 30000, from the viewpoint of acid resistance and smoothness of the coating film.
- the weight average molecular weight is a value calculated from a chromatogram measured by a gel permeation chromatograph based on the molecular weight of standard polystyrene.
- the gel permeation chromatograph "HLC8120GPC” (manufactured by Tosoh Corporation) was used.
- the procedure was carried out under the conditions of mobile phase; tetrahydrofuran, measurement temperature; 40 ° C., flow rate; 1 cc / min, detector; RI.
- the glass transition temperature of the hydroxyl group-containing acrylic resin is preferably ⁇ 40 ° C. to 20 ° C., particularly preferably in the range of ⁇ 30 ° C. to 10 ° C.
- the coating film hardness is sufficient, and when the glass transition temperature is 20 ° C. or lower, the coating surface smoothness of the coating film can be maintained.
- Polyisocyanate compound A polyisocyanate compound is a compound having at least two isocyanate groups in one molecule, and is, for example, an aliphatic polyisocyanate, an alicyclic polyisocyanate, an aromatic aliphatic polyisocyanate, an aromatic polyisocyanate, or the like. Examples thereof include derivatives of polyisocyanates.
- aliphatic polyisocyanate examples include trimethylene diisocyanate, tetramethylene diisocyanate, hexamethylene diisocyanate, pentamethylene diisocyanate, 1,2-propylene diisocyanate, 1,2-butylene diisocyanate, 2,3-butylene diisocyanate, and 1,3.
- An aliphatic diisocyanate such as butylene diisocyanate, 2,4,4- or 2,2,4-trimethylhexamethylene diisocyanate, diisocyanate dimerate, methyl 2,6-diisocyanatohexanate (common name: lysine diisocyanate); , 6-Diisocyanatohexanoate 2-isocyanatoethyl, 1,6-diisocyanato-3-isocyanatomethylhexane, 1,4,8-triisocyanatooctane, 1,6,11-triisocyanatoundecane, 1, , 8-Diisocyanato-4-isocyanatomethyloctane, 1,3,6-triisocyanatohexane, 2,5,7-trimethyl-1,8-diisocyanato-5-isocyanatomethyloctane and other aliphatic triisocyanates, etc. Can be mentioned.
- alicyclic polyisocyanate examples include 1,3-cyclopentenediisocyanate, 1,4-cyclohexanediisocyanate, 1,3-cyclohexanediisocyanate, and 3-isocyanatomethyl-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexylisocyanate (common name).
- Isophorone diisocyanate 4-methyl-1,3-cyclohexylene diisocyanate (common name: hydrogenated TDI), 2-methyl-1,3-cyclohexylene diisocyanate, 1,3- or 1,4-bis (isocyanato) Alicyclic diisocyanates such as methyl) cyclohexane (common name: hydrogenated xylylene diisocyanate) or a mixture thereof, methylenebis (4,1-cyclohexanediyl) diisocyanate (common name: hydrogenated MDI), norbornan diisocyanate; 1,3,5 -Triisocyanatocyclohexane, 1,3,5-trimethylisocyanatocyclohexane, 2- (3-isocyanatopropyl) -2,5-di (isocyanatomethyl) -bicyclo (2.2.1) heptane, 2- (3-Isocyanatopropyl) -2,
- aromatic aliphatic polyisocyanate examples include methylenebis (4,5-phenylene) diisocyanate (common name: MDI), 1,3- or 1,4-xylylene diisocyanate or a mixture thereof, ⁇ , ⁇ '-diisocyanato-.
- Arophilic aliphatic diisocyanates such as 1,4-diethylbenzene, 1,3- or 1,4-bis (1-isocyanato-1-methylethyl) benzene (common name: tetramethylxylylene diisocyanate) or a mixture thereof; 1,3 , 5-Arophilic aliphatic triisocyanates such as triisocyanatomethylbenzene can be mentioned.
- aromatic polyisocyanate examples include m-phenylene diisocyanate, p-phenylenedi isocyanate, 4,4'-diphenyldiisocyanate, 1,5-naphthalenediisocyanate, and 2,4-tolylene diisocyanate (common name: 2,4-).
- aromatic diisocyanates such as 4,4'-toluene diisocyanate, 4,4'-diphenyl ether diisocyanate; triphenylmethane-4 , 4', 4''-triisocyanate, 1,3,5-triisocyanatobenzene, 2,4,6-triisocyanatotoluene and other aromatic triisocyanates; 4,4'-diphenylmethane-2,2' , 5,5'-Aromatic tetraisocyanates such as tetraisocyanates can be mentioned.
- polyisocyanate derivative examples include the above-mentioned polyisocyanate dimer, trimmer, biuret, allophanate, uretdione, uretoimine, isocyanurate, oxadiazine trione, and polymethylene polyphenyl polyisocyanate (Crude MDI, Polymeric MDI). , Crude TDI and the like.
- the polyisocyanate derivative may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the polyisocyanate and its derivatives may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- Hexamethylene diisocyanate compounds can be preferably used among the aliphatic diisocyanates, and 4,4'-methylenebis (cyclohexylisocyanate) can be preferably used among the alicyclic diisocyanates.
- the hexamethylene diisocyanate derivative is particularly suitable from the viewpoint of adhesion, compatibility and the like.
- the polyisocyanate compound the polyisocyanate and its derivative are reacted with a compound capable of reacting with the polyisocyanate, for example, a compound having an active hydrogen group such as a hydroxyl group or an amino group, under a condition of excess isocyanate group.
- a compound capable of reacting with the polyisocyanate for example, a compound having an active hydrogen group such as a hydroxyl group or an amino group, under a condition of excess isocyanate group.
- Prepolymer may be used.
- the compound capable of reacting with the polyisocyanate include polyhydric alcohols, low molecular weight polyester resins, amines, water and the like.
- a blocked polyisocyanate compound which is a compound in which the isocyanate group in the polyisocyanate and its derivative is blocked with a blocking agent can also be used.
- the blocking agent examples include phenol-based agents such as phenol, cresol, xylenol, nitrophenol, ethylphenol, hydroxydiphenyl, butylphenol, isopropylphenol, nonylphenol, octylphenol, and methyl hydroxybenzoate; ⁇ -caprolactam, ⁇ -valerolactam, and the like.
- Oximes such as ⁇ -butyrolactam and ⁇ -propiolactam; aliphatic alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, propyl alcohol, butyl alcohol, amyl alcohol and lauryl alcohol; ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, ethylene glycol mono Ether systems such as butyl ether, diethylene glycol monomethyl ether, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether, propylene glycol monomethyl ether, and methoxymethanol; benzyl alcohol, glycolic acid, methyl glycolate, ethyl glycolate, butyl glycolate, lactic acid, methyl lactate, ethyl lactate, lactic acid.
- aliphatic alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, propyl alcohol, butyl alcohol, amyl alcohol and lauryl alcohol
- ethylene glycol monomethyl ether ethylene glycol monoethyl ether
- ethylene glycol mono Ether systems such as buty
- Alcohols such as butyl, methylol urea, methylol melamine, diacetone alcohol, 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate; formamide oxime, acetoamide oxime, acetooxime, methyl ethyl ketooxime, diacetylmonooxime, benzophenone oxime, cyclohexane oxime, etc.
- Oxime-based active methylene-based such as dimethyl malonate, diethyl malonate, ethyl acetoacetate, methyl acetoacetate, acetylacetone; butyl mercaptan, t-butyl mercaptan, hexyl mercaptan, t-dodecyl mercaptan, 2-mercaptobenzothiazole, thio Mercaptans such as phenol, methylthiophenol, ethylthiophenol; acidamides such as acetoanilide, acetoaniside, acetotolide, acrylamide, methacrylicamide, acetateamide, stearate amide, benzamide; succinide imide, phthalateimide, maleateimide, etc.
- active methylene-based such as dimethyl malonate, diethyl malonate, ethyl acetoacetate, methyl acetoacetate, acetylace
- amine-based such as diphenylamine, phenylnaphthylamine, xylidine, N-phenylxylidine, carbazole, aniline, naphthylamine, butylamine, dibutylamine, butylphenylamine; imidazole-based such as imidazole, 2-ethylimidazole; urea, thio Urea, ethylene urea, ethylene thiourea, dife Urea-based compounds such as nylurea; carbamic acid esters-based such as phenyl N-phenylcarbamate; imine-based compounds such as ethyleneimine and propyleneimine; sulfite-based compounds such as sodium bisulfite and potassium bisulfite; azole-based compounds, etc.
- azole compound examples include pyrazole, 3,5-dimethylpyrazole, 3-methylpyrazole, 4-benzyl-3,5-dimethylpyrazole, 4-nitro-3,5-dimethylpyrazole, 4-bromo-3, Pyrazole or pyrazole derivatives such as 5-dimethylpyrazole, 3-methyl-5-phenylpyrazole; imidazole or imidazole derivatives such as imidazole, benzimidazole, 2-methylimidazole, 2-ethylimidazole, 2-phenylimidazole; 2-methylimidazoline , 2-Phenylimidazoline and other imidazoline derivatives and the like.
- a solvent can be added as needed.
- the solvent used for the blocking reaction may be one that is not reactive with the isocyanate group.
- acetone ketones such as methyl ethyl ketone, esters such as ethyl acetate, and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP).
- NMP N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone
- the polyisocyanate compound can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the equivalent ratio (OH / NCO) of the hydroxyl group of the hydroxyl group-containing resin to the isocyanate group of the polyisocyanate compound is preferably 0.5 to 2.0, and further, from the viewpoint of curability and scratch resistance of the coating film. It is preferably in the range of 0.8 to 1.5.
- a two-component clear paint containing a hydroxyl group-containing resin and a polyisocyanate compound is used as the clear paint
- a one-component paint may be used.
- the base resin / curing agent combination in the one-component paint include a carboxyl group-containing resin / epoxy group-containing resin, a hydroxyl group-containing resin / blocked polyisocyanate compound, and a hydroxyl group-containing resin / melamine resin.
- the clear paint can further appropriately contain a solvent such as water or an organic solvent, a curing catalyst, an antifoaming agent, an additive such as an ultraviolet absorber, and the like, if necessary.
- Color pigments can be appropriately added to the above clear paint as long as the transparency is not impaired.
- the coloring pigment one or a combination of two or more pigments conventionally known for inks and paints can be blended.
- the amount to be added may be appropriately determined, but is 30 parts by mass or less, preferably 0.01 to 10 parts by mass, based on 100 parts by mass of the vehicle-forming resin composition in the clear paint (Z).
- the form of the clear paint is not particularly limited, but it is usually used as an organic solvent type paint composition.
- organic solvent used in this case, various organic solvents for coating materials, for example, aromatic or aliphatic hydrocarbon solvents; ester solvents; ketone solvents; ether solvents and the like can be used.
- organic solvent to be used the one used at the time of preparation of the hydroxyl group-containing resin or the like may be used as it is, or may be further added as appropriate.
- the solid content concentration of the clear paint is preferably in the range of about 30 to 70% by mass, more preferably in the range of about 40 to 60% by mass.
- the above-mentioned clear paint is applied on the brilliant coating film.
- the clear paint is not particularly limited and can be applied by the same method as the colored paint.
- the clear paint can be applied by a coating method such as air spray, airless spray, rotary atomization coating, or curtain coat coating. These coating methods may be electrostatically applied, if necessary. Of these, rotary atomization coating by electrostatic application is preferable.
- the amount of the clear paint applied is usually preferably such that the cured film thickness is about 10 to 50 ⁇ m.
- the viscosity of the clear paint is set to a viscosity range suitable for the painting method, for example, in the case of rotary atomization painting by applying static electricity, the Ford Cup No. 4 It is preferable to appropriately adjust the viscosity by using a solvent such as an organic solvent so that the viscosity range is about 15 to 60 seconds as measured by a viscometer.
- these three coating films can be cured at the same time by heating the uncured colored coating film, the uncured brilliant coating film and the uncured clear coating film. It can. Heating can be performed by a known means, and for example, a drying furnace such as a hot air furnace, an electric furnace, or an infrared induction heating furnace can be applied.
- the heating temperature is preferably in the range of 70 to 150 ° C, preferably 80 to 140 ° C.
- the heating time is not particularly limited, but is preferably in the range of 10 to 40 minutes, more preferably 20 to 30 minutes.
- the present invention comprises a colored coating film formed from a colored coating film, a brilliant coating film formed on the colored coating film and formed from the brilliant coating film for automobiles of the present invention, and brilliance. It includes a multi-layer coating film including a clear coating film formed from a clear coating film formed on the property coating film.
- the colored paint, the brilliant paint for automobiles of the present invention, the clear paint, and the method for forming a multi-layer coating film are as described above. It can be cured at the same time by heating three uncured coating films consisting of a colored coating film, a brilliant coating film and a clear coating film, or a colored coating film is formed, then cured and cured.
- the brilliant coating film for automobiles in the present invention has a dry film thickness on a colored coating film or on a colored coating film and a base coating film which may be transparent, from the viewpoint of the metal or pearly luster of the obtained coating film.
- the degree is preferably in the range of 90 to 240, more preferably 90 to 220, and even more preferably 90 to 200.
- the 60-degree mirror glossiness of a multi-layer coating film obtained by further laminating a clear coating film on a brilliant coating film obtained by coating the dry coating film so as to be 0.1 to 4 ⁇ m is defined.
- the 60-degree mirror glossiness is within the above range when the film thickness of the brilliant coating film is 0.1 to 4 ⁇ m in all cases, and it is in any of the above ranges.
- the 60-degree mirror glossiness at the time shall be specified.
- the specular gloss means the ratio of the specular reflection from the object surface to the specular reflected light from the reference surface (glass having a refractive index of 1.567), and is a numerical value defined in JIS-Z8741. Specifically, a light beam with a specified opening angle is incident on the measurement sample surface at a specified angle of incidence, and a light beam with a specified opening angle reflected in the specular reflection direction is measured with a receiver, and a so-called gloss meter is used. It is a numerical value measured by. In this specification, it is defined as a 60-degree mirror gloss (60 ° gloss) measured using a gloss meter (micro-TRI-gloss, manufactured by BYK-Gardner). The larger the value of the 60-degree mirror glossiness, the higher the glossiness of the coating film.
- the present invention contains a vapor-deposited metal flake pigment as the brilliant pigment (C) and contains 0.1 to 10 parts by mass of solid content with respect to 100 parts by mass of all the components of the brilliant paint for automobiles.
- the brilliant coating film for automobiles is coated on a colored coating film or a colored coating film and a base coating film which may be transparent so as to have a dry film thickness of 0.1 to 4 ⁇ m to obtain a brilliant coating film.
- the 60-degree mirror glossiness of the multi-layer coating film obtained by forming a more transparent clear coating film after the formation is preferably 130 to 240, more preferably 135 to 235, still more preferably 140 to 230. It is preferably within the range from the viewpoint of the denseness of the metallic coating film.
- the HG value in a multi-layer coating film obtained by further laminating a clear coating film on a brilliant coating film obtained by coating the dry coating film so as to be 0.1 to 4 ⁇ m is defined as the particle sensation.
- the HG value is within the above range when the film thickness of the brilliant coating film is all 0.1 to 4 ⁇ m, and HG when it is within any of the above ranges. The value shall be specified.
- the brilliant pigment (C) contains a vapor-deposited metal flake pigment and / or an aluminum flake pigment, and has a solid content of 0.1 to 100 parts by mass based on 100 parts by mass of all the components of the brilliant paint for automobiles.
- the brilliant paint for automobiles of the present invention containing 10 parts by mass is coated on a colored coating film or a colored coating film and a base coating film which may be transparent so as to have a dry film thickness of 0.1 to 4 ⁇ m.
- the HG value of the multi-layer coating film obtained by forming a brilliant coating film with the brilliant coating film for automobiles and then further forming a transparent clear coating film is preferably 10 to 55, more preferably 10. It is preferably in the range of about 50, more preferably 10 to 48, in terms of the denseness of the metallic coating film.
- the present invention contains a photointerfering pigment as the brilliant pigment (C) and contains 0.1 to 10 parts by mass of solid content with respect to 100 parts by mass of all the components of the brilliant paint for automobiles.
- the automobile brilliant paint of the present invention is coated on a colored coating film or a colored coating film and a base coating film which may be transparent so as to have a dry film thickness of 0.1 to 4 ⁇ m.
- the HG value of the multi-layer coating film obtained by forming a more transparent clear coating film after forming the brilliant coating film with the sex paint is preferably 10 to 65, more preferably 10 to 63, still more preferable. Is preferably in the range of 10 to 60 from the viewpoint of the denseness of the metallic coating film.
- the graininess is represented by the Hi-light Grainines value (hereinafter abbreviated as "HG value").
- the HG value is one of the measures of microscopic brilliance, which is the texture when observed microscopically, and is a parameter representing the graininess on the highlight (observing the coating film from the vicinity of specular reflection with respect to incident light).
- the coating film was imaged with a CCD camera at an incident angle of 15 degrees and a light receiving angle of 0 degrees, and the obtained digital image data, that is, the two-dimensional brightness distribution data was subjected to a two-dimensional Fourier transform process, and the obtained power spectrum image was used.
- HG is calculated by the following equation.
- IPSL Integration of Power Spectrum of Low Frequency
- P ( ⁇ , ⁇ ) is a power spectrum obtained by performing a two-dimensional Fourier transform on the two-dimensional luminance distribution data generated from the acquired image data
- ⁇ is a spatial frequency
- ⁇ is an angle.
- 0 to N are spatial frequency regions corresponding to the feeling of particles.
- the present invention can also adopt the following configuration.
- Item 1 A bright paint for automobiles containing water, a dispersant (A), cellulose nanofibers (B) and a bright pigment (C).
- Item 2. The bright coating material for automobiles according to Item 1, wherein the dispersant (A) is an anionic polymer compound.
- Item 3 The brilliant coating material for automobiles according to Item 2, wherein the anionic polymer compound is a polymer compound having a carboxyl group or a polymer compound having a phosphoric acid group.
- Item 4. The brilliant coating material for automobiles according to Item 2 or 3, wherein the anionic polymer compound is a polymer compound having a carboxyl group or a polymer compound having a phosphoric acid group.
- Item 5. The bright coating material for automobiles according to any one of Items 1 to 4, which contains 0.01 to 25 parts by mass of the dispersant (A) with respect to 100 parts by mass of the bright pigment (C).
- Item 6. The bright coating material for automobiles according to any one of Items 1 to 4, which contains 0.1 to 10 parts by mass of the dispersant (A) with respect to 100 parts by mass of the bright pigment (C).
- Item 7. The brilliant paint for automobiles according to any one of Items 1 to 6, wherein the cellulose nanofiber (B) is an anion-modified cellulose nanofiber.
- Item 8. The brilliant paint for automobiles according to Item 7, wherein the anion-modified cellulose nanofibers are oxidized cellulose nanofibers.
- Item 9 The bright coating material for automobiles according to Item 7 or 8, wherein the amount of carboxyl groups with respect to the absolute dry mass of the cellulose oxide nanofibers is 0.4 to 1.0 mmol / g.
- Item 11 The brilliant paint for automobiles according to any one of Items 1 to 10, wherein the brilliant pigment (C) contains a vapor-deposited metal flake pigment and an aluminum flake pigment.
- Item 12 Item 1 to 11 in which the content of the brilliant pigment (C) in the brilliant paint is in the range of 2 to 97% by mass as a solid content with respect to 100 parts by mass of the total solid content in the brilliant paint for automobiles.
- the brilliant paint for automobiles according to any one of the items.
- Item 13 The brilliant paint for automobiles according to any one of Items 1 to 12, further comprising a resin aqueous dispersion selected from a urethane resin aqueous dispersion, an acrylic resin aqueous dispersion, or a combination thereof.
- a resin aqueous dispersion selected from a urethane resin aqueous dispersion, an acrylic resin aqueous dispersion, or a combination thereof.
- Item 14 The glossy paint for automobiles according to Item 13, wherein the content of the resin water dispersion is in the range of 1 to 60% by mass as a solid content with respect to 100 parts by mass of the total solid content in the bright paint for automobiles.
- Item 15 The luminescent paint for automobiles according to any one of Items 1 to 15, further comprising a wetting agent.
- Item 16 The automobile bright paint according to Item 15, wherein the content of the wetting agent is in the range of 0.01 to 20% by mass as a solid content with respect to 100 parts by mass of the total solid content in the automobile bright paint.
- Item 17. The brilliant coating material for automobiles according to any one of Items 1 to 16, which contains 0.1 to 10 parts by mass of solid content with respect to 100 parts by mass of all components.
- Item 18 A brilliant coating film formed from the colored coating film and the brilliant coating film for automobiles according to any one of Items 1 to 17 formed on the colored coating film, and formed on the brilliant coating film. , A multi-layer coating with a clear coating.
- Item 19 The multi-layer coating film according to Item 18, wherein the dry film thickness of the brilliant coating film is 0.02 to 40 ⁇ m.
- Item 20 The multi-layer coating film according to Item 18 or 19, further comprising a base coating film which may be transparent between the colored coating film and the brilliant coating film.
- the brilliant pigment (C) contains a vapor-deposited metal flake pigment and the brilliant coating film is the same as the brilliant coating film for automobiles according to Item 17 on a colored coating film or a colored coating film and transparent. It is coated on a good base coating film so that the dry film thickness is 0.1 to 4 ⁇ m, and the 60-degree mirror glossiness of the multi-layer coating film is preferably 130 to 240, more preferably 135 to 135.
- Item 2 The multilayer coating film according to any one of Items 18 to 20, which is 235, more preferably in the range of 140 to 230.
- the brilliant pigment (C) contains a vapor-deposited metal flake pigment and / or an aluminum flake pigment, and the brilliant coating film is the same as the brilliant coating film for automobiles according to Item 17, on or on a colored coating film.
- a base coating film which may be transparent is coated so that the dry film thickness is 0.1 to 4 ⁇ m, and the HG value of the multi-layer coating film is preferably 10 to 55, more preferably.
- the multi-layer coating film according to any one of Items 18 to 20, wherein is in the range of 10 to 50, more preferably 10 to 48.
- the brilliant pigment (C) contains a photointerfering pigment and the brilliant coating film is the same as the brilliant coating film for automobiles according to Item 17 on a colored coating film or a colored coating film and transparent.
- the HG value of the multi-layer coating film is preferably 10 to 65, more preferably 10 to 63.
- Item 24 An automobile part coated with the multi-layer coating film according to any one of Items 18 to 23.
- Item 25 An automobile coated with the multi-layer coating film according to any one of Items 18 to 23.
- Item 26 The brilliance for automobiles according to any one of Items 1 to 17, wherein a colored coating film is formed on an object to be coated to form a colored coating film, and a cured or uncured colored coating film is formed. Multi-layer coating film formation including coating a paint to form a brilliant coating film and applying a clear paint on the formed cured or uncured brilliant coating film to form a clear coating film. Method.
- Item 27 The method for forming a multi-layer coating film according to Item 26, wherein the colored coating film, the brilliant coating film, and the clear coating film are cured in three layers at the same time.
- Item 28 The method for forming a multi-layer coating film according to Item 26 or 27, which comprises forming a cured undercoat coating film on the object to be coated.
- Item 29 Item 26.
- Item 30 The method according to Item 29, wherein after curing the colored coating film, three layers of a transparent base coating film, a brilliant coating film, and a clear coating film are simultaneously cured.
- Item 31 The method according to any one of Items 26 to 30, wherein the object to be coated is an automobile part or an automobile.
- hydroxyl group-containing acrylic resin (R-1) had an acid value of 51 mgKOH / g and a hydroxyl value of 52 mgKOH / g.
- Red Pigment Dispersion Liquid Production Example 2 60 parts of hydroxyl group-containing acrylic resin (R-1) (33 parts of solid content), 35 parts of PARIOGEN MAROON L3920 (trade name, manufactured by BASF, a perylene-based red pigment) and 177 parts of deionized water are placed in a stirring and mixing container to make them uniform. Was further mixed with, and 2- (dimethylamino) ethanol was further added to adjust the pH to 7.5. The obtained mixture was placed in a 300 ml resin bottle, 130 parts of zirconia beads having a diameter of 1.5 mm were added, the mixture was sealed, and the mixture was dispersed for 120 minutes using a shake-type paint conditioner. After the dispersion, 100 mesh wire mesh filtration was performed to remove the zirconia beads to obtain a red pigment dispersion liquid (P-1) having a solid content of 25%.
- R-1 hydroxyl group-containing acrylic resin
- PARIOGEN MAROON L3920 trade name, manufactured by BASF, a per
- extender pigment dispersion liquid Production example 4 Acrylic resin solution (R-1) 327 parts (180 parts in solid content), 360 parts of deionized water, Surfinol 104A (trade name, antifoaming agent manufactured by Ebony Industries, 50% solid content), and burrs 250 parts of Fine BF-20 (trade name, manufactured by Sakai Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., barium sulfate powder, average particle size 0.03 ⁇ m) was placed in a paint conditioner, a glass bead medium was added, and the mixture was mixed and dispersed at room temperature for 1 hour. An extender pigment dispersion (P-3) having a solid content of 44% was obtained.
- the mixture was discharged while being filtered through a 100-mesh nylon cloth to obtain an acrylic resin aqueous dispersion (R-2) having an average particle size of 100 nm and a solid content of 30%.
- the obtained acrylic resin aqueous dispersion had an acid value of 33 mgKOH / g and a hydroxyl value of 25 mgKOH / g.
- Monomer emulsion for core part 40 parts of deionized water, 2.8 parts of "Adecaria Soap SR-1025", 2.1 parts of methylenebisacrylamide, 2.8 parts of styrene, 16.1 parts of methyl methacrylate, 28 parts of ethyl acrylate
- a monomer emulsion for the core part was obtained by mixing and stirring the parts and 21 parts of n-butyl acrylate.
- Monomer emulsion for shell part 17 parts of deionized water, 1.2 parts of "Adecaria Soap SR-1025", 0.03 part of ammonium persulfate, 3 parts of styrene, 5.1 parts of 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, 5 parts of methacrylic acid .1 part, 6 parts of methyl methacrylate, 1.8 parts of ethyl acrylate and 9 parts of n-butyl acrylate were mixed and stirred to obtain a monomer emulsion for the shell part.
- the mixture is cooled to 170 ° C., 490 parts of ⁇ -caprolactone is added, and the mixture is kept at the same temperature for 1 hour, and then 77 parts of trimellitic anhydride is added to this reaction product. , 170 ° C. for 30 minutes. Then, the mixture was cooled to 50 ° C. or lower, and 0.88 equivalents of 2- (dimethylamino) ethanol was added to the acid group to neutralize the acid group, and then deionized water was gradually added to obtain a solid content concentration of 40%. , A hydroxyl group-containing polyester resin (R-3) aqueous dispersion having a pH of 7.5 was obtained.
- the lactone-modified amount of the obtained hydroxyl group-containing polyester resin was 18% by mass, the number average molecular weight was 2074, the hydroxyl value was 89 mgKOH / g, and the acid value was 23 mgKOH / g.
- polyester resin solution (R-4) Production of polyester resin solution (R-4) Production example 7 109 parts of trimethylol propane, 141 parts of 1,6-hexanediol, 126 parts of 1,2-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid anhydride and adipic acid in a reaction vessel equipped with a thermostat, thermostat, stirrer, reflux condenser and water separator. 120 parts of acid was charged, the temperature was raised from 160 ° C. to 230 ° C. over 3 hours, and then the condensation reaction was carried out at 230 ° C. for 4 hours. Next, 38.3 parts of trimellitic anhydride was added to the obtained condensation reaction product in order to introduce a carboxyl group, and the mixture was reacted at 170 ° C.
- the obtained hydroxyl group-containing polyester resin had an acid value of 46 mgKOH / g, a hydroxyl value of 150 mgKOH / g, and a number average molecular weight of 1400.
- Production Example 11 5.00 g (absolutely dry) of bleached unbeaten kraft pulp (whiteness 85%) derived from coniferous trees, 39 mg (0.05 mmol per 1 g of absolute dry cellulose) of TEMPO (Sigma Aldrich) and 514 mg of sodium bromide (absolutely dry). It was added to 500 mL of an aqueous solution in which 1.0 mmol) was dissolved in 1 g of cellulose, and the mixture was stirred until the pulp was uniformly dispersed. An aqueous sodium hypochlorite solution was added to the reaction system so that the sodium hypochlorite content was 6.0 mmol / g, and the oxidation reaction was started.
- cellulose oxide nanofibers (B-2) having a transparency of 95.0% are dispersed in water. Obtained liquid.
- the average fiber diameter was 3 nm and the aspect ratio was 250.
- the above stability test was carried out on this aqueous dispersion of cellulose oxide nanofibers, and the values of B-type viscosity before and after stirring were obtained. The viscosity retention rate at this time was 39%.
- Production Example 12 5.00 g (absolutely dry) of bleached unbeaten kraft pulp (whiteness 85%) derived from coniferous trees, 20 mg (0.025 mmol per 1 g of absolute dry cellulose) of TEMPO (Sigma Aldrich) and 514 mg of sodium bromide (absolutely dry). It was added to 500 mL of an aqueous solution in which 1.0 mmol) was dissolved in 1 g of cellulose, and the mixture was stirred until the pulp was uniformly dispersed. An aqueous sodium hypochlorite solution was added to the reaction system so that the sodium hypochlorite content was 1.3 mmol / g, and the oxidation reaction was started.
- the cellulose oxide nano has a transparency of 75.2%.
- a fiber (B-3) aqueous dispersion was obtained.
- the average fiber diameter was 4 nm and the aspect ratio was 380.
- the stability test was carried out on this aqueous dispersion of cellulose oxide nanofibers, and the values of B-type viscosity before and after stirring were obtained. The viscosity retention rate at this time was 88%.
- Production of Dispersant (A) Production Example 13 148 parts of water in a glass reaction vessel equipped with a thermometer, agitator, reflux device, nitrogen introduction tube and dropping device, and polyethylene glycol polypropylene glycol monoallyl ether (average number of moles of ethylene oxide added 37, average of propylene oxide) Three additional moles (3 pieces, random addition of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide) (94 parts (5 mol%)) were charged, the reaction vessel was replaced with nitrogen under stirring, and the temperature was raised to 80 ° C. under a nitrogen atmosphere.
- the acrylic resin aqueous dispersion (R-2) obtained in Example 5 was added so as to have a solid content of 0.67 parts and octanol to 0.51 parts, and the mixture was stirred and mixed to obtain a bright paint for automobiles (Y-1). ) was adjusted.
- Examples 2 to 41, Comparative Examples 1 to 8 Luminous paints for automobiles (Y-2) to (Y-49) were obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except for the formulations shown in Table 1.
- Table 1 The values in Table 1 indicate the amount of distilled water, the amount of liquid for solvents, and the amount of solids for others.
- Each component in Table 1 is as follows. "Aron T-50” trade name, dispersant, sodium polyacrylate, solid content 43%, manufactured by Toagosei Co., Ltd. "Aron A30SL” trade name, dispersant, ammonium polyacrylate, solid content 40%, “Aron A-6114” trade name manufactured by Toa Synthetic Co., Ltd., dispersant, carboxylic acid copolymer (ammonium salt), solid content 40%, Toa Synthetic Co., Ltd. "Demor EP” brand name, dispersant, high molecular weight polycarboxylic acid, solid content 25%, Kao Co., Ltd.
- FS600LC brand name, dispersant, carboxymethyl cellulose, powder, Nippon Paper “JEFFAMINE (registered trademark) M1000” manufactured by Co., Ltd., dispersant, polyether amine, "Disparon AQ-330” manufactured by Huntsman, dispersant, polyether phosphate, 100% active ingredient, Kusumoto Kasei Co., Ltd. Made by the company.
- Colored paint (W-2) "TP-65” (trade name, manufactured by Kansai Paint Co., Ltd., polyester resin solvent intermediate coating paint, L * value of the obtained coating film: 85) was used as the coloring paint (W-2).
- Colored paint (W-3) "WP-505T” (trade name, manufactured by Kansai Paint Co., Ltd., polyester resin-based water-based intermediate coating paint, L * value of the obtained coating film: 60) was used as the coloring paint (W-3).
- Colored paint (W-4) "Ascarex 2870CD-1 Dark Gray” (trade name, manufactured by Kansai Paint Co., Ltd., acrylic resin-based water-based conductive primer paint for PP materials) was used as a coloring paint (W-4).
- Object to be coated 1 Cationic electrodeposition paint "Eleklon GT-10" (trade name: Kansai Paint Co., Ltd., epoxy resin, polyamine-based cationic resin, cross-linking agent) on a steel plate (JISG3141, size 400 mm x 300 mm x 0.8 mm) that has been degreased and treated with zinc phosphate.
- the block polyisocyanate compound was used as a coating material) based on the cured coating film so that the film thickness was 20 ⁇ m, and the mixture was heated at 170 ° C. for 20 minutes for cross-linking and curing to form an electrodeposited coating film. It was set as the object to be coated 1.
- TOP-1 (TC-6) (trade name, manufactured by Japan Polychem Corporation, 350 mm x 10 mm x 2 mm) was prepared. Then, the surface of the plastic material was wiped with gauze soaked in isopropyl alcohol and degreased to obtain the object to be coated 2.
- Step (1) The colored paint (W-1) is electrostatically coated on the object to be coated 1 using a rotary atomization type bell-shaped coating machine so as to have a cured film thickness of 25 ⁇ m, and 30 at 140 ° C. A colored coating film was formed by heating for a minute and cross-linking and curing.
- Step (4) Next, a clear paint (Z-1) is applied to the coated surface of the dry coating film using a robot bell manufactured by ABB Ltd. under the conditions of a booth temperature of 23 ° C. and a humidity of 68%. A clear coating film was formed by painting so as to have a thickness of 35 ⁇ m.
- the film thickness of the dry coating film of the brilliant coating film was calculated from the following formula (2).
- x (sc * 10000) / (S * sg) ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ (2)
- x Film thickness [ ⁇ m]
- sc Coated solid content [g]
- S Evaluation area of coated solid content [cm2]
- sg Coating film specific gravity [g / cm3] Examples 43-83, 86 and Comparative Examples 9-16
- a test plate was obtained in the same manner as in Example 42 except that the colored paint (W), the transparent base paint (X), the brilliant paint for automobiles (Y), and the clear paint (Z) shown in Table 2 were used.
- Step (3) Further, a clear paint film (Z-1) was applied onto the brilliant coating film to 35 ⁇ m as a dry coating film under the conditions of a booth temperature of 23 ° C. and a humidity of 68% using a robot bell manufactured by ABB Ltd. It was painted so as to form a clear coating film.
- Example 85 Step (1): The colored paint (W-3) is electrostatically coated on the object to be coated 1 using a rotary atomization type bell-shaped coating machine so that the cured film thickness is 25 ⁇ m, and left for 3 minutes. , 80 ° C. for 3 minutes to form a colored coating film.
- Step (2) Next, the transparent base paint (X-1) is electrostatically coated on the colored coating film using a rotary atomization type bell-shaped coating machine so that the cured film thickness is 10 ⁇ m. It was left for 2 minutes.
- Step (3) Further, the brilliant paint for automobiles (Y-1) prepared as described above is adjusted to the paint viscosity shown in Table 1 on the coating film, and a robot bell manufactured by ABB Ltd. is used.
- the dry coating film was coated so that the film thickness was 1.0 ⁇ m under the conditions of a booth temperature of 23 ° C. and a humidity of 68%. It was left for 3 minutes and then preheated at 80 ° C. for 3 minutes to form a brilliant coating.
- Step (4) Further, a clear paint film (Z-1) was applied onto the brilliant coating film to 35 ⁇ m as a dry coating film under the conditions of a booth temperature of 23 ° C. and a humidity of 68% using a robot bell manufactured by ABB Ltd. It was painted so as to form a clear coating film.
- the dry coating film was coated so that the film thickness was 1.0 ⁇ m under the conditions of a booth temperature of 23 ° C. and a humidity of 68%. It was left for 3 minutes and then preheated at 80 ° C. for 3 minutes to form a brilliant coating.
- Step (4) Further, a clear paint film (Z-3) was applied onto the brilliant coating film to 35 ⁇ m as a dry coating film under the conditions of a booth temperature of 23 ° C. and a humidity of 68% using a robot bell manufactured by ABB Ltd. It was painted so as to form a clear coating film.
- the dry coating film was coated so that the film thickness was 1.0 ⁇ m under the conditions of a booth temperature of 23 ° C. and a humidity of 68%. It was left for 3 minutes and then preheated at 80 ° C. for 3 minutes to form a brilliant coating.
- Step (4) Further, a clear paint film (Z-3) was applied onto the brilliant coating film to 35 ⁇ m as a dry coating film under the conditions of a booth temperature of 23 ° C. and a humidity of 68% using a robot bell manufactured by ABB Ltd. It was painted so as to form a clear coating film.
- Example 42 From the comparison between Example 42 and Comparative Example 16, when the type and amount of the bright pigment (C) in the bright paint for automobiles are the same, the coating film of the example containing the cellulose nanofibers (B) is better. It was confirmed that the appearance was excellent because both the increase in the 60 ° gloss value and the decrease in the HG value of the graininess occurred as compared with the coating film of the comparative example containing no cellulose nanofiber (B).
- multi-layer coating films of Examples 42 to 88 of the present invention are also excellent in coating film performance.
- 60 ° mirror gloss 60 ° gloss
- the 60 ° gloss value of the test plate obtained above was measured using a gloss meter (micro-TRI-gloss, manufactured by BYK-Gardner). The higher the value, the better.
- the particle feeling was evaluated by a Hi-light Evaluation value (hereinafter, abbreviated as “HG value”).
- the HG value is one of the measures of microscopic brilliance when the coating film surface is observed microscopically, and is an index showing the graininess in highlights.
- the HG value is calculated as follows. First, the coating surface is photographed with a CCD camera at an incident angle of light of 15 degrees and a light receiving angle of 0 degrees, and the obtained digital image data (two-dimensional brightness distribution data) is subjected to two-dimensional Fourier transform processing to obtain power. Obtain a spectral image.
- the measurement parameters obtained by extracting only the spatial frequency region corresponding to the grain feeling from this power spectrum image are further taken with a numerical value of 0 to 100, and a linear relationship with the grain feeling is established.
- the value converted so as to be maintained is the HG value.
- the HG value was set to 0 when the bright pigment had no grain feeling at all, and 100 when the bright pigment had the largest grain feeling.
- Viscosity stability of the paint 320 g of the obtained bright paint for automobiles was prepared, of which 20 g was allowed to stand at a temperature of 23 ° C. for 6 hours, and then the temperature was 23 ° C. and the shear rate was increased by a rheometer (RS150 manufactured by HAAKE). The viscosity at 0.1 (s -1 ) was measured (viscosity before stirring). The remaining 300 g of the brilliant paint for automobiles was transferred to a 500 mL beaker, and the inside of the beaker was stirred up and down to make it uniform, and then stirred at a temperature of 23 ° C. and 1,000 rpm for 24 hours using a magnetic stirrer.
- Viscosity change rate (%) when the shear rate is 0.1 (s -1 ) (
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Abstract
Description
分散剤(A)としては、本発明の効果を奏する限り特に制限なく用いることができ、例えば、カルボン酸、ウレタン、ポリエーテル、ポリエステル、脂肪酸など、いずれの低分子又は高分子化合物も用いることができる。本発明の自動車用光輝性塗料に配合するセルロースナノファイバー(B)及び光輝性顔料(C)の性質を考慮して、良好な分散性を得られる化合物を選択することが好ましい。なお、セルロースナノファイバー(B)は水酸基を多く含有するため、分散剤に疎水基が多く含まれると分散性を阻害するおそれがある。また、アニオン性、カチオン性、ノニオン性の種類についても、いずれの種類でも用いることができる。分散剤(A)は、1種類を単独で用いても良いし、2種類以上を混合して用いても良い。なお、本発明に用いる分散剤(A)は、後述するセルロースナノファイバー(B)を含まない。
本発明において、セルロースナノファイバー(Cellulose Nanofiber, CNF)(B)は、パルプなどのセルロース原料がナノメートルレベルまで微細化されたもので、繊維径が3~500nm程度の微細繊維である。上記セルロースナノファイバーは、セルロースナノフィブリル、フィブリレーティドセルロース、又はナノセルロースクリスタルと称されることもある。セルロースナノファイバーの平均繊維径及び平均繊維長は、原子間力顕微鏡(AFM)又は透過型電子顕微鏡(TEM)を用いて、各繊維を観察した結果から得られる繊維径及び繊維長を平均することによって求めることができる。
アスペクト比=平均繊維長/平均繊維径。
セルロースナノファイバー(B)の原料であるセルロース原料の由来は、特に限定されないが、例えば、植物(例えば、木材、竹、麻、ジュート、ケナフ、農地残廃物、布、パルプ(針葉樹未漂白クラフトパルプ(NUKP)、針葉樹漂白クラフトパルプ(NBKP)、広葉樹未漂白クラフトパルプ(LUKP)、広葉樹漂白クラフトパルプ(LBKP)、晒クラフトパルプ(BKP)、針葉樹未漂白サルファイトパルプ(NUSP)、針葉樹漂白サルファイトパルプ(NBSP)、サーモメカニカルパルプ(TMP)、再生パルプ)、古紙等)、動物(例えばホヤ類)、藻類、微生物(例えば酢酸菌(アセトバクター))、微生物産生物等が挙げられる。セルロース原料としては、これらのいずれかであってもよいし2種類以上の組み合わせであってもよいが、好ましくは植物又は微生物由来のセルロース原料(例えば、セルロース繊維)であり、より好ましくは植物由来のセルロース原料(例えば、セルロース繊維)である。
本発明においては、変性セルロースは、アニオン変性されたセルロースであってもよいし、カチオン変性されたセルロースであってもよく、本発明の自動車用光輝性塗料に配合する前記分散剤(A)及び光輝性顔料(C)の種類に併せて、光輝性顔料(C)の分散が良好となるような変性セルロースとすることが好ましい。例えば、前記分散剤(A)としてアニオン性高分子化合物を用いる場合は、光輝性顔料(C)の凝集を抑制するための相乗効果が得られやすい観点から、アニオン変性セルロースナノファイバーを選択することが好ましい。
本発明において、変性セルロースとしてカルボキシル化(酸化)したセルロースを用いる場合、カルボキシル化セルロース(酸化セルロースとも呼ぶ)は、上記のセルロース原料を公知の方法でカルボキシル化(酸化)することにより得ることができる。カルボキシル化の際には、本発明の自動車用光輝性塗料の粘度安定性ならびに得られる塗膜の耐水性、金属又は真珠調光沢の観点から、カルボキシル化セルロースナノファイバー(酸化セルロースナノファイバー)の絶乾質量に対して、カルボキシル基の量が0.2~1.55mmol/gとなるように調整することが好ましく、0.4~1.0mmol/gになるように調整することがより好ましい。なかでも特に、カルボキシル化セルロースナノファイバー(酸化セルロースナノファイバー)の絶乾質量に対して、カルボキシル基の量が0.5~1.0mmol/gであることが好ましく、0.6~1.0mmol/gであることがより好ましい。カルボキシル基の量が少なすぎると、高透明で均一なセルロースナノファイバー分散液を得るために解繊に多大なエネルギーが必要となる。高透明なセルロースナノファイバー分散液は、未解繊繊維等の粗大物の残存が少ないため、優れた金属又は真珠調光沢を有する塗膜を得るのに有用である。また、カルボキシル基の量が多すぎると、酸化薬品を過剰に添加して反応することによる繊維の劣化で生じるセルロースナノファイバー分散液の粘度低下や、撹拌処理による粘度保持率の低下が懸念される。カルボキシル基量と粘度保持率の関係は必ずしも定かではないが、低い変性度の変性パルプを十分に解繊した方が、化学的に表面処理されていない水酸基を持つ箇所が露出し、酸化CNFの表面電荷の減少に加えて酸化CNF同士が相互的に水素結合を形成しやすくなり低せん断での粘度が保持されると推定される。なお、本明細書において、変性度を示す場合、カルボキシル基の量は、カルボキシル基(-COOH)の量、及びカルボキシレート基(-COO-)の量の合計量を示す。
本発明の自動車用光輝性塗料においては、形成される塗膜の金属又は真珠調光沢の観点から、上記セルロースナノファイバー(B)として、1.0質量%水分散液における透明度が好ましくは80%以上、より好ましくは85%以上、さらに好ましくは90%以上であるセルロースナノファイバーを使用することが好ましい。
本発明において、変性セルロースとして、カルボキシメチル化したセルロースを用いる場合、カルボキシメチル化したセルロースは、上記のセルロース原料を市販のカルボキシメチル化剤を用いた公知の方法でカルボキシメチル化することにより製造してもよいし、市販品を用いてもよい。いずれの場合も、セルロースの無水グルコース単位当たりのカルボキシメチル基置換度が0.01~0.50となるものが好ましい。そのようなカルボキシメチル化したセルロースを製造する方法の一例として次のような方法を挙げることができる。セルロースを発底原料にし、溶媒として3~20質量倍の水及び/又は低級アルコールを使用する。低級アルコールとは炭素数が5以下のアルコールを指す。溶媒は、具体的には水、メタノール、エタノール、N-プロピルアルコール、イソプロピルアルコール、N-ブタノール、イソブタノール、第3級ブタノール等の単独、又は2種以上の混合媒体であり得る。なお、混合媒体に、炭素数が5以下の低級アルコールを用いる場合の低級アルコールの混合割合は、60~95質量%である。マーセル化剤としては、発底原料の無水グルコース残基当たり0.5~20倍モルの水酸化アルカリ金属を使用する。水酸化アルカリ金属は、具体的には水酸化ナトリウム、水酸化カリウムであり得る。発底原料と溶媒、マーセル化剤を混合し、反応温度0~70℃、好ましくは10~60℃、かつ反応時間15分~8時間、好ましくは30分~7時間、マーセル化処理を行う。その後、カルボキシメチル化剤をグルコース残基当たり0.05~10.0倍モル添加し、反応温度30~90℃、好ましくは40~80℃、かつ反応時間30分~10時間、好ましくは1時間~4時間、エーテル化反応を行う。
化学変性セルロースとして、リン酸エステル化したセルロースを使用できる。当該セルロースは、前述のセルロース原料にリン酸系化合物Pの粉末や水溶液を混合する方法、セルロース原料のスラリーにリン酸系化合物Pの水溶液を添加する方法により得られる。
化学変性セルロースとして、前記カルボキシル化セルロースをさらにカチオン化したセルロースを使用することができる。当該カチオン変性されたセルロースは、前記カルボキシル化セルロース原料に、グリシジルトリメチルアンモニウムクロリド、3-クロロ-2-ヒドロキシプロピルトリアルキルアンモニウムハライド又はそのハロヒドリン型などのカチオン化剤と、触媒である水酸化アルカリ金属(水酸化ナトリウム、水酸化カリウムなど)を、水又は炭素数1~4のアルコールの存在下で反応させることによって得ることができる。
本発明において、解繊する装置は特に限定されないが、高速回転式、コロイドミル式、高圧式、ロールミル式、超音波式などの装置を用いて前記水分散体に強力なせん断力を印加することが好ましい。特に、効率よく解繊するには、前記水分散体に50MPa以上の圧力を印加し、かつ強力なせん断力を印加できる湿式の高圧又は超高圧ホモジナイザーを用いることが好ましい。前記圧力は、より好ましくは100MPa以上であり、さらに好ましくは140MPa以上である。また、高圧ホモジナイザーでの解繊・分散処理に先立って、必要に応じて、高速せん断ミキサーなどの公知の混合、撹拌、乳化、分散装置を用いて、上記のCNFに予備処理を施すことも可能である。解繊装置での処理(パス)回数は、1回でもよいし2回以上でもよく、2回以上が好ましい。
本発明の自動車用光輝性塗料における光輝性顔料(C)としては、例えば、蒸着金属フレーク顔料、アルミニウムフレーク顔料、光干渉性顔料等を挙げることができる。これらの顔料は得られる塗膜に求められる質感によって1種又は2種以上を適宜選択して用いることができる。金属調光沢に優れた塗膜を得る観点では、蒸着金属フレーク顔料、アルミニウムフレーク顔料が好適である。一方、真珠調光沢に優れた塗膜を得る観点では、光干渉性顔料が好適である。上記光輝性顔料(C)は鱗片状であることが好ましい。
本発明の自動車用光輝性塗料は、さらに必要に応じて、前記水、分散剤(A)、セルロースナノファイバー(B)及び光輝性顔料(C)以外の成分を含有することができる。該成分としては、例えば、該セルロースナノファイバー(B)以外の粘性調整剤、該光輝性顔料(C)以外の顔料、バインダー樹脂、架橋性成分、湿潤剤、有機溶剤、紫外線吸収剤及び光安定剤、塩基性化合物等が挙げられる。
本発明の自動車用光輝性塗料は、得られる塗膜の耐水性、金属調又は真珠調光沢等の観点から、前記セルロースナノファイバー(B)以外の粘性調整剤を含有することができる。該セルロースナノファイバー(B)以外の粘性調整剤としては、例えば、ポリアミド系粘性調整剤、鉱物系粘性調整剤、ポリアクリル酸系粘性調整剤等を使用することができる。
本発明の自動車用光輝性塗料は、前記光輝性顔料(C)以外の顔料を含有することができる。
本発明の自動車用光輝性塗料は、得られる塗膜の耐水性等の観点から、バインダー樹脂を含有することができる。
本発明の自動車用光輝性塗料は、得られる塗膜の耐水付着性等の観点から、架橋性成分をさらに含有することができる。
本発明の自動車用光輝性塗料は、得られる塗膜の金属、真珠調光沢等の観点から、湿潤剤をさらに含んでいてもよい。
本明細書において、粘度は、一定条件での測定開始1分後の粘度として定義する。具体的には、調製した自動車用光輝性塗料を所定の容器に入れて、回転式攪拌機を使用して、回転数を1000回転/分の条件に設定して、均一になるまで攪拌混合する。その後、温度20℃においてB型粘度計で6回転/分(6rpm)の条件で回転開始1分後の粘度(本明細書では「B6値」とも称する)を測定する。このとき、使用する粘度計は、LVDV-I(商品名、BROOKFIELD社製、B型粘度計)である。6rpmという回転数は、擬塑性を持つ液体の粘度を管理する際の一般的な条件である。
本明細書において、「Ti値(チクソトロピックインデックス)」とは、JIS K 5101-6-2(2004)、顔料試験方法 第2節 回転粘度計法に記載されるもので、B型粘度計を用い、20℃、回転数6rpm及び60rpmでの粘度(mPa・s)を測定して、「6rpmでの粘度測定値/60rpmでの粘度測定値(B6値/B60値)」での粘度測定値の値を算出して求めることができる。Ti値は、得られる塗膜の金属又は真珠調光沢の観点から、1.5~10の範囲内であることが好ましく、2~9の範囲内であることがより好ましく、2.5~8の範囲内であることがさらに好ましい。Ti値が1.5以上であることが顔料の沈降し難さの点で好ましく、Ti値が10以下であることが顔料の凝集を抑制する点で好ましい。
本発明の自動車用光輝性塗料は、金属又は真珠調光沢に優れた塗膜を形成することができるので、水性ベースコート塗料として使用することが好ましい。なかでも、本発明の自動車用光輝性塗料は、被塗物上に、着色塗料を塗装して着色塗膜を形成すること、形成される硬化又は未硬化の着色塗膜上に、本発明の自動車用光輝性塗料を塗装して光輝性塗膜を形成すること、及び形成される硬化又は未硬化の光輝性塗膜上に、クリヤー塗料を塗装してクリヤー塗膜を形成することを含む複層塗膜形成方法において好適に使用することができる。
複層塗膜形成方法(1):被塗物/着色塗膜/光輝性塗膜/クリヤー塗膜
複層塗膜形成方法(2):被塗物/着色塗膜/透明であってもよいベース塗膜/光輝性塗膜/クリヤー塗膜
複層塗膜形成方法(1)において、着色塗膜、光輝性塗膜及びクリヤー塗膜はそれぞれウェットオンウェットで積層され、3層同時に硬化されることが好ましい。
本発明の複層塗膜は、以下に示す被塗物上に形成される。被塗物は、乗用車、トラック、バス等の自動車車体の外板部;自動車部品等を挙げることができる。被塗物の素材としては、鉄、亜鉛、アルミニウム等の金属やこれらの金属少なくとも1種を含む合金などの金属材、これらの金属の少なくとも1種による成型物、ガラス、プラスチック(プラスチック発泡体を含む)などによる成型物、プラスチックフィルム等を挙げることができる。これら素材に応じて適宜、脱脂処理や表面処理して被塗物とすることができる。該表面処理としては例えばリン酸塩処理、クロメート処理、複合酸化物処理等が挙げられる。さらに、上記被塗物の素材が金属であれば、表面処理された金属素材の上にカチオン電着塗料等によって下塗り塗膜が形成されていることが好ましい。なかでも、該下塗り塗膜は硬化された塗膜であることが好ましく、カチオン電着塗料等によって形成された塗膜が硬化された塗膜であることがより好ましい。
着色塗料としては、具体的には、基体樹脂、架橋剤、顔料ならびに有機溶剤及び/又は水等の溶媒を主成分とするそれ自体既知の熱硬化性塗料を使用することができる。上記熱硬化性塗料としては、例えば中塗り塗料及びベース塗料等が挙げられる。
透明であってもよいベース塗料(以下単に「ベース塗料」と称することがある)としては、それ自体既知の塗料組成物を使用することができる。特に、ベース塗料として、自動車車体などを塗装する場合に通常用いられる塗料組成物を使用することが好適である。
ベース塗料が透明塗料である場合には、必要に応じて体質顔料を含有することができる。体質顔料としては、例えば、硫酸バリウム、炭酸バリウム、炭酸カルシウム、ケイ酸アルミニウム、シリカ、炭酸マグネシウム、タルク、アルミナホワイトなどを挙げることができる。
本発明の自動車用光輝性塗料は、静電塗装、エアスプレー、エアレススプレーなどの方法で塗装することができる。これらの塗装方法は、必要に応じて、静電印加してもよい。本発明の複層塗膜形成方法においては、特に回転霧化式の静電塗装が好ましい。
クリヤー塗料は、公知の熱硬化性クリヤーコート塗料組成物をいずれも使用できる。該熱硬化性クリヤーコート塗料組成物としては、例えば、架橋性官能基を有する基体樹脂及び硬化剤を含有する有機溶剤型熱硬化性塗料組成物、水性熱硬化性塗料組成物、粉体熱硬化性塗料組成物等を挙げることができる。
水酸基含有樹脂としては、水酸基を含有するものであれば従来公知の樹脂が制限なく使用できる。該水酸基含有樹脂としては例えば、水酸基含有アクリル樹脂、水酸基含有ポリエステル樹脂、水酸基含有ポリエーテル樹脂、水酸基含有ポリウレタン樹脂などを挙げることができ、好ましいものとして、水酸基含有アクリル樹脂、水酸基含有ポリエステル樹脂を挙げることができ、特に好ましいものとして水酸基含有アクリル樹脂を挙げることができる。
ポリイソシアネート化合物は、1分子中に少なくとも2個のイソシアネート基を有する化合物であって、例えば、脂肪族ポリイソシアネート、脂環族ポリイソシアネート、芳香脂肪族ポリイソシアネート、芳香族ポリイソシアネート、該ポリイソシアネートの誘導体などを挙げることができる。
本発明は、着色塗料から形成された着色塗膜と、着色塗膜上に形成された、本発明の自動車用光輝性塗料から形成された光輝性塗膜と、光輝性塗膜上に形成された、クリヤー塗料から形成されたクリヤー塗膜とを備えた複層塗膜を包含する。着色塗料、本発明の自動車用光輝性塗料、クリヤー塗料、及び複層塗膜形成方法については上述した通りである。着色塗膜と光輝性塗膜とクリヤー塗膜とからなる3つの未硬化の塗膜を加熱することによって、同時に硬化させることもできるし、着色塗膜を形成後、硬化させ、硬化した着色塗膜の上に、透明であってもよいベース塗膜、光輝性塗膜、クリヤー塗膜を形成し、該3つの未硬化の塗膜を同時に加熱硬化させることもできる。また、着色塗膜、透明であってもよいベース塗膜、光輝性塗膜、クリヤー塗膜を形成し、該4つの未硬化の塗膜を同時に加熱硬化させることもできる。
本発明における自動車用光輝性塗料は、得られる塗膜の金属又は真珠調光沢の観点から、着色塗膜上もしくは着色塗膜及び透明であってもよいベース塗膜上に、乾燥膜厚として、0.1~4μmとなるように塗装して光輝性塗膜を形成せしめた後に、さらに該光輝性塗膜の上にクリヤー塗膜を形成して得られた複層塗膜の60度鏡面光沢度が好ましくは90~240、より好ましくは90~220、さらに好ましくは90~200の範囲内である。
本発明において、乾燥塗膜として0.1~4μmとなるように塗装して得られた光輝性塗膜上にさらにクリヤー塗膜を積層した複層塗膜におけるHG値を粒子感として規定するが、光輝性塗膜の膜厚が、0.1~4μmすべての場合にHG値が上記範囲内であることを意味するものではなく、上記範囲内のいずれかの数値にあるときのHG値について規定するものとする。
IPSL≧0.32の場合、HG=500・IPSL-142.5
0.32>IPSL≧0.15の場合、HG=102.9・IPSL-15.4
0.15>IPSLの場合、HG=0
ここで、IPSL(Integration of Power Spectrum of Low Frequency)は次式によって求められる。
測定方法の詳細については、“塗料の研究”(関西ペイント技報)、No.138、2002年8月:p.8-p.24及び“塗料の研究”(関西ペイント技報)、No.132、1999年4月:p.22-p.35に記載している。粒子感のHG値が低いほど、塗膜の表面に粒子感が少なくなる。
製造例1
温度計、サーモスタット、撹拌装置、還流冷却器、窒素導入管及び滴下装置を備えた反応容器にプロピレングリコールモノプロピルエーテル35部を仕込み85℃に昇温後、メチルメタクリレート32部、n-ブチルアクリレート27.7部、2-エチルヘキシルアクリレート20部、4-ヒドロキシブチルアクリレート10部、ヒドロキシプロピルアクリレート3部、アクリル酸6.3部、2-アクリロイルオキシエチルアシッドフォスフェート1部、プロピレングリコールモノプロピルエーテル15部及び2,2’-アゾビス(2,4-ジメチルバレロニトリル)2.3部の混合物を4時間かけて滴下し、滴下終了後1時間熟成した。その後さらにプロピレングリコールモノプロピルエーテル10部及び2,2’-アゾビス(2,4-ジメチルバレロニトリル)1部の混合物を1時間かけて滴下し、滴下終了後1時間熟成した。さらにジエタノールアミン7.4部を加え、固形分55%の水酸基含有アクリル樹脂(R-1)溶液を得た。得られた水酸基含有アクリル樹脂(R-1)は酸価が51mgKOH/g、水酸基価が52mgKOH/gであった。
製造例2
撹拌混合容器に、水酸基含有アクリル樹脂(R-1)60部(固形分33部)、PARIOGEN MAROON L3920(商品名、ペリレン系赤色顔料 BASF社製)35部及び脱イオン水177部を入れ、均一に混合し、更に、2-(ジメチルアミノ)エタノールを添加して、pH7.5に調整した。得られた混合物を300ml容の樹脂性のビンに入れ、1.5mm径のジルコニアビーズ130部を投入して密栓し、振とう型ペイントコンディショナーを使用して120分間分散した。分散後100メッシュの金網濾過を行なってジルコニアビーズを除去して、固形分25%の赤色顔料分散液(P-1)を得た。
製造例3
撹拌混合容器に、水酸基含有アクリル樹脂(R-1)70.9部(固形分39部)、コスモレイオレンジ L2950(商品名、ジケトピロロピロール系橙色顔料 BASF社製)39部及び脱イオン水241.45部を入れ、均一に混合し、更に、2-(ジメチルアミノ)エタノールを添加して、pH7.5に調整した。得られた混合物を300ml容の樹脂性のビンに入れ、1.5mm径のジルコニアビーズ130部を投入して密栓し、振とう型ペイントコンディショナーを使用して120分間分散した。分散後100メッシュの金網濾過を行なってジルコニアビーズを除去して、固形分22.2%の橙色顔料分散液(P-2)を得た。
製造例4
アクリル樹脂溶液(R-1)を327部(固形分で180部)、脱イオン水360部、サーフィノール104A(商品名、エボニックインダストリーズ社製消泡剤、固形分50%)6部、及びバリファインBF-20(商品名、堺化学工業社製、硫酸バリウム粉末、平均粒子径0.03μm)250部を、ペイントコンディショナー中に入れ、ガラスビーズ媒体を加えて、室温で1時間混合分散し、固形分44%の体質顔料分散液(P-3)を得た。
製造例5
温度計、サーモスタット、撹拌装置、還流冷却器、窒素導入管及び滴下装置を備えた反応容器に脱イオン水128部、及び「アデカリアソープSR-1025」(商品名、ADEKA製、乳化剤、有効成分25%)2部を仕込み、窒素気流中で撹拌混合し、80℃に昇温させた。
製造例6
撹拌装置、温度計、反応生成水除去装置、窒素ガス導入管を備えた反応器に、イソフタル酸664部、アジピン酸496部、無水フタル酸237部、ネオペンチルグリコール788部、トリメチロールプロパン341部を入れ、窒素ガス雰囲気下において撹拌しながら160℃まで加熱した。160℃にて1時間保持した後、生成する縮合水を除去しながら5時間かけて230℃まで昇温し、同温度で保持した。酸価が7mgKOH/gになった時点で170℃まで冷却し、ε-カプロラクトン490部を入れ、同温度で1時間保持してから、この反応生成物に、無水トリメリット酸77部を添加し、170℃で30分間付加反応を行った。その後、50℃以下に冷却し、2-(ジメチルアミノ)エタノールを酸基に対して0.88当量添加し中和してから、脱イオン水を徐々に添加することにより、固形分濃度40%、pH7.5の水酸基含有ポリエステル樹脂(R-3)水分散体を得た。得られた水酸基含有ポリエステル樹脂のラクトン変性量は18質量%、数平均分子量は2074、水酸基価は89mgKOH/g、酸価は23mgKOH/gであった。
製造例7
温度計、サーモスタット、攪拌装置、還流冷却器及び水分離器を備えた反応容器に、トリメチロールプロパン109部、1,6-ヘキサンジオール141部、1,2-シクロヘキサンジカルボン酸無水物126部及びアジピン酸120部を仕込み、160℃から230℃迄3時間かけて昇温させた後、230℃で4時間縮合反応させた。次いで、得られた縮合反応生成物に、カルボキシル基を導入するために、無水トリメリット酸38.3部を加えて、170℃で30分間反応させた後、2-エチル-1-ヘキサノールで希釈し、固形分70%のポリエステル樹脂溶液(R-4)を得た。得られた水酸基含有ポリエステル樹脂は、酸価が46mgKOH/g、水酸基価が150mgKOH/g、数平均分子量が1400であった。
製造例8
攪拌混合容器に、体質顔料分散液(P-3)を固形分で14部、アクリル樹脂水分散体(R-2)を固形分で40部、ポリエステル樹脂溶液(R-4)を固形分で23部、「ユーコートUX-310」(商品名、三洋化成社製、ウレタン樹脂水分散体、固形分含有率40%)を固形分で10部、及び「サイメル251」(商品名、日本サイテックインダストリーズ社製、メラミン樹脂、固形分含有率80%)を固形分で27部となるように添加して攪拌混合し、透明ベース塗料(X-1)を調製した。
製造例9
透明ベース塗料(X-1)中の樹脂固形分100質量部に対して、「Xirallic T60-10 Crystal Silver」を15部配合し、透明ベース塗料(X-2)とした。
製造例10
針葉樹由来の漂白済み未叩解クラフトパルプ(白色度85%)5.00g(絶乾)をTEMPO(Sigma Aldrich社)20mg(絶乾1gのセルロースに対し0.025mmol)と臭化ナトリウム514mg(絶乾1gのセルロースに対し1.0mmol)を溶解した水溶液500mLに加え、パルプが均一に分散するまで撹拌した。反応系に次亜塩素酸ナトリウム水溶液を、次亜塩素酸ナトリウムが2.2mmol/gになるように添加し、酸化反応を開始した。反応中は系内のpHが低下するが、3M水酸化ナトリウム水溶液を逐次添加し、pH10に調整した。次亜塩素酸ナトリウムを消費し、系内のpHが変化しなくなった時点で反応を終了した。反応後の混合物をガラスフィルターで濾過してパルプ分離し、パルプを十分に水で洗浄することで酸化されたパルプ(カルボキシル化セルロース)を得た。この時のパルプ収率は93%であり、酸化反応に要した時間は60分、カルボキシル基量(以下、「変性度」ということがある)は0.75mmol/gであった。これを水で1.0%(w/v)に調整し、高圧ホモジナイザーを用いて、透明度が十分に高くなるまで解繊処理を実施して、透明度が88%である酸化セルロースナノファイバー(B-1)水分散液を得た。平均繊維径は4nm、アスペクト比は280であった。この酸化セルロースナノファイバー水分散液に対し下記安定性試験を実施し、攪拌前と攪拌後のB型粘度の値を得た。このときの粘度保持率は50%であった。
製造例で得られた1.0質量%の酸化セルロースナノファイバー水分散液210gを600mLのプラスチック容器に測りとった後、濃度が0.7%になるように脱イオン水を添加して撹拌(1000rpm、5分間)することで、0.7質量%の酸化セルロースナノファイバー水分散液300gを得た。また、濃度を調整した直後に、B型粘度計を用いて6rpm、1分間の条件で、B型粘度を測定した(撹拌前の粘度)。B型粘度を測定し終えた酸化セルロースナノファイバー水分散液300gをディスパーで30分間撹拌(1000rpm、23℃)した。30分間撹拌した直後に、B型粘度計を用いて6rpm、1分間の条件で、B型粘度を測定した(撹拌後の粘度)。
粘度保持率は下式により求められる。
粘度保持率(%)=(撹拌後の粘度/撹拌前の粘度)×100
針葉樹由来の漂白済み未叩解クラフトパルプ(白色度85%)5.00g(絶乾)をTEMPO(Sigma Aldrich社)39mg(絶乾1gのセルロースに対し0.05mmol)と臭化ナトリウム514mg(絶乾1gのセルロースに対し1.0mmol)を溶解した水溶液500mLに加え、パルプが均一に分散するまで撹拌した。反応系に次亜塩素酸ナトリウム水溶液を、次亜塩素酸ナトリウムが6.0mmol/gになるように添加し、酸化反応を開始した。反応中は系内のpHが低下するが、3M水酸化ナトリウム水溶液を逐次添加し、pH10に調整した。次亜塩素酸ナトリウムを消費し、系内のpHが変化しなくなった時点で反応を終了した。反応後の混合物をガラスフィルターで濾過してパルプ分離し、パルプを十分に水で洗浄することで酸化されたパルプ(カルボキシル化セルロース)を得た。この時のパルプ収率は90%であり、酸化反応に要した時間は90分、カルボキシル基量は1.51mmol/gであった。これを水で1.0%(w/v)に調整し、高圧ホモジナイザーを用いて解繊処理を実施することで、透明度が95.0%である酸化セルロースナノファイバー(B-2)水分散液を得た。平均繊維径は3nm、アスペクト比は250であった。この酸化セルロースナノファイバー水分散液に対し上記安定性試験を実施し、攪拌前と攪拌後のB型粘度の値を得た。このときの粘度保持率は39%であった。
針葉樹由来の漂白済み未叩解クラフトパルプ(白色度85%)5.00g(絶乾)をTEMPO(Sigma Aldrich社)20mg(絶乾1gのセルロースに対し0.025mmol)と臭化ナトリウム514mg(絶乾1gのセルロースに対し1.0mmol)を溶解した水溶液500mLに加え、パルプが均一に分散するまで撹拌した。反応系に次亜塩素酸ナトリウム水溶液を、次亜塩素酸ナトリウムが1.3mmol/gになるように添加し、酸化反応を開始した。反応中は系内のpHが低下するが、3M水酸化ナトリウム水溶液を逐次添加し、pH10に調整した。次亜塩素酸ナトリウムを消費し、系内のpHが変化しなくなった時点で反応を終了した。反応後の混合物をガラスフィルターで濾過してパルプ分離し、パルプを十分に水で洗浄することで酸化されたパルプ(カルボキシル化セルロース)を得た。この時のパルプ収率は99%であり、酸化反応に要した時間は50分、カルボキシル基量は0.42mmol/gであった。これを水で1.0%(w/v)に調整し、高圧ホモジナイザーを用いて、透明度が十分に高くなるまで解繊処理を実施することで、透明度が75.2%である酸化セルロースナノファイバー(B-3)水分散液を得た。平均繊維径は4nm、アスペクト比は380であった。この酸化セルロースナノファイバー水分散液に対し前記安定性試験を実施し、攪拌前と攪拌後のB型粘度の値を得た。このときの粘度保持率は88%であった。
製造例13
温度計、撹拌装置、還流装置、窒素導入管及び滴下装置を備えたガラス反応容器に水148部、及び、ポリエチレングリコールポリプロピレングリコールモノアリルエーテル(エチレンオキサイドの平均付加モル数37個、プロピレンオキサイドの平均付加モル25数3個、エチレンオキサイドとプロピレンオキサイドのランダム付加)94部(5モル%)を仕込み、撹拌下で反応容器を窒素置換し、窒素雰囲気下で80℃に昇温した。その後、メタクリル酸35部(40モル%)、アクリル酸5部(7モル%)、メトキシポリエチレングリコールメタアクリレート(エチレンオキサイドの平均付加モル数25個)63部(5モル%)、ヒドロキシプロピルアクリレート60部(43モル%)、3-メルカプトプロピオン酸8部、水165部を混合したモノマー水溶液と、過硫酸アンモニウム3部及び水47部の混合液とを、各々2時間で、80℃に保持した反応容器に連続滴下した。さらに、温度を100℃に保持した状態で1時間反応させることにより、固形分36%の共重合体(ポリカルボン酸A)の水溶液を得た。
製造例14
撹拌混合容器内において、「Hydroshine WS-3001」(商品名、水性用蒸着アルミニウムフレーク顔料、Eckart社製、固形分:10%、内部溶剤:イソプロパノール、平均粒子径D50:13μm、厚さ:0.05μm、表面がシリカ処理されている)12部(固形分1.2部)、「アルペースト EMR-B6360」(商品名、東洋アルミ社製、固形分:47%、ノンリーフィングアルミニウムフレーク、平均粒子径D50:10.3μm、厚さ:0.19μm、表面がシリカ処理されている)を0.79部(固形分0.37部)及びイソプロパノール19.5部を攪拌混合し、光輝性顔料分散液を得た。
実施例1
攪拌混合容器に、蒸留水を76.7部、セルロースナノファイバー(B-1)水分散液を固形分で0.5部、「Dynol604」(商品名、アセチレンジオール系湿潤剤、エボニックインダストリーズ社製、エチレンオキサイド鎖あり、固形分100%)を固形分で0.25部、「アロンT-50」(商品名、ポリアクリル酸ナトリウム、固形分43%、東亞合成社製)を固形分で0.25部、製造例14で得た光輝性顔料分散液32.29部、「TINUVIN 479-DW」(商品名、紫外線吸収剤、BASF社製、ヒドロキシフェニルトリアジン系紫外線吸収剤、HPT系紫外線吸収剤TINUVIN479をアクリルポリマー中に包含、固形分40%)を固形分で0.14部、「TINUVIN 123-DW」(商品名、光安定剤、BASF社製、デカン二酸ビス(2,2,6,6-テトラメチル-1-(オクチルオキシ)-4-ピペリジニル)エステル、アミノエーテル基を持つHALS TINUVIN 123をアクリルポリマー中に包含、固形分50%)を固形分で0.11部、製造例5で得たアクリル樹脂水分散体(R-2)を固形分で0.67部、オクタノールを0.51部となるように添加して攪拌混合し、自動車用光輝性塗料(Y-1)を調整した。
表1に記載の配合とする以外は全て実施例1と同様にして自動車用光輝性塗料(Y-2)~(Y-49)を得た。
「アロンT-50」商品名、分散剤、ポリアクリル酸ナトリウム、固形分43%、東亞合成株式会社製。
「アロンA30SL」商品名、分散剤、ポリアクリル酸アンモニウム、固形分40%、東亞合成株式会社製
「アロンA-6114」商品名、分散剤、カルボン酸系共重合体(アンモニウム塩)、固形分40%、東亞合成株式会社製
「デモールEP」商品名、分散剤、高分子ポリカルボン酸、固形分25%、花王株式会社製
「FS600LC」商品名、分散剤、カルボキシメチルセルロース、粉末状、日本製紙株式会社製
「JEFFAMINE(登録商標) M1000」商品名、分散剤、ポリエーテルアミン、ハンツマン社製
「ディスパロンAQ-330」商品名、分散剤、ポリエーテルリン酸エステル、有効成分100%、楠本化成株式会社製。
「Metalure Liquid Black」商品名:水性用蒸着クロムフレーク顔料、Eckart社製、固形分:10%、内部溶剤:プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテル、平均粒子径D50:14μm、厚さ:0.02μm、
「Xirallic T61-10 Micro Silver」(商品名、酸化チタン被覆アルミナフレーク顔料、メルク社製、一次平均粒子径:約12μm、平均厚さ:約0.3μm)
「Xirallic T60-10 Crystal Silver」(商品名、酸化チタン被覆アルミナフレーク顔料、メルク社製、一次平均粒子径:約19μm、平均厚さ:約0.4μm)
「Pyrisma M40-58 SW AmbercupOrange」(商品名、酸化鉄被覆マイカ顔料、メルク社製、一次平均粒子径:約17.1μm、平均厚さ:約0.65μm)、
「TEGO TWIN4100」商品名、シリコーン系湿潤剤、エボニック・デグサ社製、エチレンオキサイド鎖あり、固形分100%、
「BYK348」商品名、BYK社製、シリコーン系湿潤剤、BYK社製、エチレンオキサイド鎖あり、固形分:100%、
「サーフィノール420」商品名、エボニックインダストリーズ社製、アセチレンジオール系湿潤剤、エチレンオキサイド鎖あり、固形分100%、
「サーフィノール440」商品名、エボニックインダストリーズ社製、アセチレンジオール系湿潤剤、エチレンオキサイド鎖あり、固形分100%、
「サーフィノール460」商品名、エボニックインダストリーズ社製、アセチレンジオール系湿潤剤、エチレンオキサイド鎖あり、固形分100%、
「サーフィノール104A」商品名、エボニックインダストリーズ社製、アセチレンジオール系湿潤剤、エチレンオキサイド鎖なし、固形分50%、
「Acrysol ASE-60」商品名、ダウケミカル社製、ポリアクリル酸系粘性調整剤、固形分:28%、
「ユーコートUX-300」商品名、三洋化成社製、ウレタン樹脂水分散体。
着色塗料(W-1)
「TP-65 ダークグレー」(商品名、関西ペイント社製、ポリエステル樹脂系溶剤中塗り塗料、得られる塗膜のL*値:20)を、着色塗料(W-1)として用いた。
「TP-65」(商品名、関西ペイント社製、ポリエステル樹脂系溶剤中塗り塗料、得られる塗膜のL*値:85)を、着色塗料(W-2)として用いた。
「WP-505T」(商品名、関西ペイント社製、ポリエステル樹脂系水性中塗り塗料、得られる塗膜のL*値:60)を、着色塗料(W-3)として用いた。
「アスカレックス2870CD-1ダークグレー」(商品名、関西ペイント社製、PP素材向けアクリル樹脂系水性導電性プライマー塗料)を、着色塗料(W-4)として用いた。
クリヤー塗料(Z-1)
「KINO6510」(商品名:関西ペイント株式会社、水酸基/イソシアネート基硬化型アクリル樹脂・ウレタン樹脂系2液型有機溶剤型塗料)を、クリヤー塗料(Z-1)として用いた。
「KINO6510」に含まれる樹脂固形分100質量部に対して「PARIOGEN MAROON L3920」(商品名、BASF社製、有機ペリレン顔料)を1.21部添加したものを、クリヤー塗料(Z-2)として用いた。
「ソフレックス7175クリヤー」(商品名、関西ペイント社製、PP素材向け、水酸基/イソシアネート基硬化型アクリル樹脂・ウレタン樹脂系2液型有機溶剤型塗料)を、クリヤー塗料(Z-3)として用いた。
被塗物1
脱脂及びリン酸亜鉛処理した鋼板(JISG3141、大きさ400mm×300mm×0.8mm)にカチオン電着塗料「エレクロンGT-10」(商品名:関西ペイント社製、エポキシ樹脂ポリアミン系カチオン樹脂に架橋剤としてブロックポリイソシアネート化合物を使用したもの)を硬化塗膜に基づいて膜厚が20μmになるように電着塗装し、170℃で20分加熱して架橋硬化させ、電着塗膜を形成せしめ、被塗物1とした。
プラスチック材料として、「TSOP-1(TC-6)」(商品名、日本ポリケム社製、350mm×10mm×2mm)を用意した。そして、プラスチック材料の表面を、イソプロピルアルコールを含ませたガーゼで拭いて脱脂処理し、被塗物2とした。
実施例42
工程(1):被塗物1上に、着色塗料(W-1)を回転霧化型のベル型塗装機を用いて、硬化膜厚25μmになるように静電塗装し、140℃で30分加熱して架橋硬化させ着色塗膜を形成した。
工程(2):次いで、該着色塗膜の上に、透明ベース塗料(X-1)を回転霧化型のベル型塗装機を用いて、硬化膜厚10μmになるように静電塗装し、2分間放置した。
工程(3):さらに、塗膜の上に、自動車用光輝性塗料(Y-1)を、表1に記載の塗料粘度に調整し、ABB社製ロボットベルを用いて、ブース温度23℃、湿度68%の条件で、乾燥塗膜の膜厚が1.0μmとなるように塗装し光輝性塗膜を形成した。3分間放置後、80℃にて3分間放置した。
工程(4):次いで、乾燥塗膜の塗面に、クリヤー塗料(Z-1)を、ABB社製ロボットベルを用いて、ブース温度23℃、湿度68%の条件で、乾燥塗膜の膜厚が35μmとなるように塗装しクリヤー塗膜を形成した。
工程(5):塗装後、室温にて7分間放置した後に、熱風循環式乾燥炉内を使用して、140℃で30分間加熱し、複層塗膜を同時に乾燥せしめて試験板とした。
x=(sc*10000)/(S*sg) ・・・(2)
x:膜厚[μm]
sc:塗着固形分[g]
S:塗着固形分の評価面積[cm2]
sg:塗膜比重[g/cm3]
実施例43~83、86及び比較例9~16
工程(1):被塗物1上に、着色塗料(W-3)を回転霧化型のベル型塗装機を用いて、硬化膜厚25μmになるように静電塗装し、3分間放置し、80℃にて3分間プレヒートして着色塗膜を形成した。
工程(2):次いで、該着色塗膜上に、前述のように作成した自動車用光輝性塗料(Y-1)を、表1に記載の塗料粘度に調整し、ABB社製ロボットベルを用いて、ブース温度23℃、湿度68%の条件で、乾燥塗膜として、1.0μmとなるように塗装した。3分間放置し、その後、80℃にて3分間プレヒートし、光輝性塗膜を形成した。
工程(3):さらに、この光輝性塗膜上にクリヤー塗料(Z-1)を、ABB社製ロボットベルを用いて、ブース温度23℃、湿度68%の条件で乾燥塗膜として、35μmとなるように塗装しクリヤー塗膜を形成した。
工程(4):塗装後、室温にて7分間放置した後に、熱風循環式乾燥炉内を使用して、140℃で30分間加熱し、複層塗膜を同時に乾燥せしめて試験板とした。
工程(1):被塗物1上に、着色塗料(W-3)を回転霧化型のベル型塗装機を用いて、硬化膜厚25μmになるように静電塗装し、3分間放置し、80℃にて3分間プレヒートして着色塗膜を形成した。
工程(2):次いで、該着色塗膜の上に、透明ベース塗料(X-1)を回転霧化型のベル型塗装機を用いて、硬化膜厚10μmになるように静電塗装し、2分間放置した。
工程(3):さらに、塗膜の上に、前述のように作成した自動車用光輝性塗料(Y-1)を、表1に記載の塗料粘度に調整し、ABB社製ロボットベルを用いて、ブース温度23℃、湿度68%の条件で、乾燥塗膜の膜厚が1.0μmとなるように塗装した。3分間放置し、その後、80℃にて3分間プレヒートし、光輝性塗膜を形成した。
工程(4):さらに、この光輝性塗膜上にクリヤー塗料(Z-1)を、ABB社製ロボットベルを用いて、ブース温度23℃、湿度68%の条件で乾燥塗膜として、35μmとなるように塗装しクリヤー塗膜を形成した。
工程(5):塗装後、室温にて7分間放置した後に、熱風循環式乾燥炉内を使用して、140℃で30分間加熱し、複層塗膜を同時に乾燥せしめて試験板とした。
工程(1):被塗物2上に、着色塗料(W-4)を回転霧化型のベル型塗装機を用いて、硬化膜厚10μmになるように静電塗装し、3分間放置し、80℃にて3分間プレヒートして着色塗膜を形成した。
工程(2):次いで、該着色塗膜の上に、透明ベース塗料(X-1)を回転霧化型のベル型塗装機を用いて、硬化膜厚10μmになるように静電塗装し、2分間放置した。
工程(3):さらに、塗膜の上に、前述のように作成した自動車用光輝性塗料(Y-1)を、表1に記載の塗料粘度に調整し、ABB社製ロボットベルを用いて、ブース温度23℃、湿度68%の条件で、乾燥塗膜の膜厚が1.0μmとなるように塗装した。3分間放置し、その後、80℃にて3分間プレヒートし、光輝性塗膜を形成した。
工程(4):さらに、この光輝性塗膜上にクリヤー塗料(Z-3)を、ABB社製ロボットベルを用いて、ブース温度23℃、湿度68%の条件で乾燥塗膜として、35μmとなるように塗装しクリヤー塗膜を形成した。
工程(5):塗装後、室温にて7分間放置した後に、熱風循環式乾燥炉内を使用して、120℃で30分間加熱し、複層塗膜を同時に乾燥せしめて試験板とした。
工程(1):被塗物2上に、着色塗料(W-4)を回転霧化型のベル型塗装機を用いて、硬化膜厚10μmになるように静電塗装し、3分間放置して着色塗膜を形成した。
工程(2):次いで、該着色塗膜の上に、透明ベース塗料(X-1)を回転霧化型のベル型塗装機を用いて、硬化膜厚10μmになるように静電塗装し、2分間放置した。
工程(3):さらに、塗膜の上に、前述のように作成した自動車用光輝性塗料(Y-1)を、表1に記載の塗料粘度に調整し、ABB社製ロボットベルを用いて、ブース温度23℃、湿度68%の条件で、乾燥塗膜の膜厚が1.0μmとなるように塗装した。3分間放置し、その後、80℃にて3分間プレヒートし、光輝性塗膜を形成した。
工程(4):さらに、この光輝性塗膜上にクリヤー塗料(Z-3)を、ABB社製ロボットベルを用いて、ブース温度23℃、湿度68%の条件で乾燥塗膜として、35μmとなるように塗装しクリヤー塗膜を形成した。
工程(5):塗装後、室温にて7分間放置した後に、熱風循環式乾燥炉内を使用して、120℃で30分間加熱し、複層塗膜を同時に乾燥せしめて試験板とした。
上記のようにして得られた各試験板について塗膜の外観及び性能ならびに塗料の安定性を評価し、表2にその結果を示した。塗膜外観は、60°鏡面光沢度(60°グロス)及び粒子感により評価し、塗膜性能は、耐水付着性及び長期促進試験後の耐水付着性によって評価した。
上記で得られた試験板について、光沢計(micro-TRI-gloss、BYK-Gardner社製)を用いて60°グロス値を測定した。値が高い方が良好である。
粒子感は、Hi-light Graininess値(以下、「HG値」と略記する)で評価した。HG値は、塗膜面を微視的に観察した場合におけるミクロ光輝感の尺度の一つであり、ハイライトにおける粒子感を表す指標である。HG値は、次のようにして、算出される。先ず、塗膜面を、光の入射角15度/受光角0度にてCCDカメラで撮影し、得られたデジタル画像データ(2次元の輝度分布データ)を2次元フーリエ変換処理して、パワースペクトル画像を得る。次に、このパワースペクトル画像から、粒子感に対応する空間周波数領域のみを抽出して得られた計測パラメータを、更に0~100の数値を取り、且つ粒子感との間に直線的な関係が保たれるように変換した値が、HG値である。HG値は、光輝性顔料の粒子感が全くないものを0とし、光輝性顔料の粒子感が最も大きいものを100とした。
試験板を40℃の温水に240時間浸漬し、引き上げ、布で水滴・汚れをふきとり、室温23℃で10分以内に、試験板の複層塗膜を素地に達するようにカッターで格子状に切り込み、大きさ2mm×2mmのゴバン目を100個作る。続いて、その表面に粘着セロハンテープを貼着し、そのテープを急激に剥離した後のゴバン目塗膜の残存状態を調べ、下記基準で耐水性を評価した。
A:ゴバン目塗膜が100個残存し、カッターの切り込みの縁において塗膜の小さな縁欠けが生じていない
B:ゴバン目塗膜が100個残存するが、カッターの切り込みの縁において塗膜の小さな縁欠けが生じており、縁欠けした残存塗膜が10個未満である
C:ゴバン目塗膜が100個残存するが、カッターの切り込みの縁において塗膜の小さな縁欠けが生じており、縁欠けした残存塗膜が10個以上である
D:ゴバン目塗膜が90~99個残存する
E:ゴバン目塗膜の残存数が89個以下である。
長期促進耐候性試験には、JIS B 7754に規定されたスーパーキセノンウェザオメーター(商品名、スガ試験機社製)を使用し、1時間42分間のキセノンアークランプの照射と18分間の降雨条件における同ランプの照射による2時間を1サイクルとして、4000時間経過後に、上記耐水付着性試験と同様の操作を行った。
得られた自動車用光輝性塗料を320g用意し、このうち20gは温度23℃で6時間静置した後、レオメーター(HAAKE社製 RS150)により、温度23℃、せん断速度が0.1(s-1)における粘度を測定した(撹拌前の粘度)。残りの自動車用光輝性塗料300gを500mLビーカーに移し、ビーカー内を上下撹拌して均一の状態にしてから、マグネットスターラーを用いて、温度23℃、1,000rpmで24時間撹拌した。なお、撹拌時に水の蒸発を防止するためビーカーの口をパラフィルムで密閉した。上記24時間撹拌した自動車用光輝性塗料を温度23℃で6時間静置した後、レオメーター(HAAKE社製 RS150)により、温度23℃、せん断速度が0.1(s-1)における粘度を測定した(撹拌後の粘度)。
せん断速度が0.1(s-1)における粘度変化率(%)=(|撹拌前の粘度-撹拌後の粘度|/撹拌前の粘度)×100
A:粘度変化率が30%未満
B:粘度変化率が30%以上40%未満
C:粘度変化率が40%以上60%未満
D:粘度変化率が60%以上70%未満
E:粘度変化率が70%以上。
Claims (7)
- 水、分散剤(A)、セルロースナノファイバー(B)及び光輝性顔料(C)を含有する自動車用光輝性塗料。
- 前記分散剤(A)が、アニオン性高分子化合物である請求項1記載の自動車用光輝性塗料。
- 前記アニオン性高分子化合物が、カルボキシル基を有する高分子化合物又はリン酸基を有する高分子化合物である請求項2記載の自動車用光輝性塗料。
- 前記セルロースナノファイバー(B)が、アニオン変性セルロースナノファイバーである請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の自動車用光輝性塗料。
- 前記アニオン変性セルロースナノファイバーが、酸化セルロースナノファイバーである請求項4記載の自動車用光輝性塗料。
- 前記酸化セルロースナノファイバーの絶乾質量に対するカルボキシル基量が、0.4~1.0mmol/gである請求項5記載の自動車用光輝性塗料。
- 全成分合計100質量部に対して、固形分を0.1~10質量部含む請求項1~6のいずれか一項に記載の自動車用光輝性塗料。
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WO2023276607A1 (ja) | 2021-06-28 | 2023-01-05 | 日本ペイント・オートモーティブコーティングス株式会社 | 水性光輝性塗料組成物および塗装板 |
WO2023037688A1 (ja) * | 2021-09-13 | 2023-03-16 | 関西ペイント株式会社 | 塗料組成物 |
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JP7459411B1 (ja) | 2022-09-27 | 2024-04-01 | 日本製紙株式会社 | セルロースナノファイバー、およびそれを含む水系分散組成物 |
WO2024070687A1 (ja) * | 2022-09-27 | 2024-04-04 | 関西ペイント株式会社 | 水性塗料組成物及び複層塗膜形成方法 |
WO2024071075A1 (ja) * | 2022-09-27 | 2024-04-04 | 日本製紙株式会社 | セルロースナノファイバー、およびそれを含む水系分散組成物 |
WO2024204680A1 (ja) * | 2023-03-31 | 2024-10-03 | 関西ペイント株式会社 | 光輝性顔料分散体及び複層塗膜形成方法 |
WO2024213401A1 (en) * | 2023-04-10 | 2024-10-17 | Basf Coatings Gmbh | A waterborne coating composition and its applications thereof |
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