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WO2021082257A1 - 物理水凝胶及其制备方法 - Google Patents

物理水凝胶及其制备方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021082257A1
WO2021082257A1 PCT/CN2019/128531 CN2019128531W WO2021082257A1 WO 2021082257 A1 WO2021082257 A1 WO 2021082257A1 CN 2019128531 W CN2019128531 W CN 2019128531W WO 2021082257 A1 WO2021082257 A1 WO 2021082257A1
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monomer
physical hydrogel
parts
physical
hydrogel according
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PCT/CN2019/128531
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English (en)
French (fr)
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陈少军
陈恒
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深圳大学
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F220/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
    • C08F220/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
    • C08F220/10—Esters
    • C08F220/12—Esters of monohydric alcohols or phenols
    • C08F220/16—Esters of monohydric alcohols or phenols of phenols or of alcohols containing two or more carbon atoms
    • C08F220/18—Esters of monohydric alcohols or phenols of phenols or of alcohols containing two or more carbon atoms with acrylic or methacrylic acids
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J13/00—Colloid chemistry, e.g. the production of colloidal materials or their solutions, not otherwise provided for; Making microcapsules or microballoons
    • B01J13/0052—Preparation of gels
    • B01J13/0065—Preparation of gels containing an organic phase
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/22—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising organic material
    • B01J20/26—Synthetic macromolecular compounds
    • B01J20/261—Synthetic macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon to carbon unsaturated bonds
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
    • B01J20/28014—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their form
    • B01J20/28047—Gels
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J3/00—Processes of treating or compounding macromolecular substances
    • C08J3/02—Making solutions, dispersions, lattices or gels by other methods than by solution, emulsion or suspension polymerisation techniques
    • C08J3/03—Making solutions, dispersions, lattices or gels by other methods than by solution, emulsion or suspension polymerisation techniques in aqueous media
    • C08J3/075—Macromolecular gels
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
    • C09J133/00—Adhesives based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof; Adhesives based on derivatives of such polymers
    • C09J133/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters
    • C09J133/06—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters of esters containing only carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, the oxygen atom being present only as part of the carboxyl radical
    • C09J133/08—Homopolymers or copolymers of acrylic acid esters
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2333/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof; Derivatives of such polymers
    • C08J2333/04—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof; Derivatives of such polymers esters
    • C08J2333/06—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof; Derivatives of such polymers esters of esters containing only carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, the oxygen atom being present only as part of the carboxyl radical
    • C08J2333/08—Homopolymers or copolymers of acrylic acid esters

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of chemical materials, and particularly relates to a physical hydrogel and a preparation method thereof.
  • hydrophobic associations are particularly favored by researchers due to their low structural design requirements and enthalpy-driven properties.
  • the hydrophobically associating physical hydrogel needs to be prepared in the emulsion with the aid of the active agent to help dissolve the hydrophobic monomer.
  • the surfactant in the hydrogel will gradually diffuse into the external water environment, causing the hydrogel to denature and gradually lose its self-repairing ability.
  • the invention provides a physical hydrogel and a preparation method thereof to solve the technical problem of insufficient self-repairing ability of the hydrogel in the prior art.
  • the first aspect of the present invention discloses a physical hydrogel, calculated in mole fraction, including the following components:
  • the monomer A is acrylic acid
  • the monomer B is dimethylaminoethyl acrylate
  • the monomer C is alkyl acrylate and mixtures thereof.
  • the monomer A is methacrylic acid formed by replacing one hydrogen group on acrylic acid with a methyl group.
  • the monomer B is dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate formed by replacing one hydrogen group on the dimethylaminoethyl acrylate with a methyl group.
  • the alkyl chain in the monomer C is any one of C1 to C30.
  • the second aspect of the present invention discloses a method for preparing the above-mentioned physical hydrogel, which includes the following steps:
  • the precursor is soaked in water to form the physical hydrogel.
  • the monomer A the monomer B, and the monomer C are fully mixed to obtain a mixture
  • photo-initiation, thermal initiation, radiation initiation, or redox initiation is used to cause the mixture to undergo free radical polymerization. Get the precursor.
  • the immersion time of the precursor in water is 1-120h.
  • the third aspect of the present invention discloses an application of the above-mentioned physical hydrogel as a self-repairing structural material in the fields of smart wear, brakes, flexible devices, and tissue engineering.
  • the fourth aspect of the present invention discloses an application of the above-mentioned physical hydrogel, which is used as a dye adsorbent in the fields of separation of chemical raw materials and environmental pollution control.
  • the fourth aspect of the present invention discloses an application of the above-mentioned physical hydrogel, which is used as an adhesive to bond glass, wood, metal and polymer materials.
  • the above embodiments of the present invention show that the present invention uses hydrophilic acrylic acid, dimethylaminoethyl acrylate and hydrophobic alkyl acrylate to copolymerize to form an amphiphilic hydrogel precursor, and the hydrophobic precursor is prepared by the precursor immersion method.
  • the associative physical hydrogel is different from the traditional emulsion polymerization to prepare the hydrophobic associative physical hydrogel. There is no need to use any additional indicating active agent during the preparation process, which eliminates the problem of the degradation of the hydrogel performance caused by the escape of surfactant.
  • the stability of the hydrophobically associating physical hydrogel is fundamentally improved.
  • the method of the invention has simple operation and can realize the large-scale preparation of the hydrophobically associating physical hydrogel.
  • Figure 1 is the infrared spectrum of the physical hydrogel of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a 1 H NMR spectrum of the physical hydrogel of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is the tensile stress-strain curve of the physical hydrogel of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is the tensile stress-strain curve of the physical hydrogel of the present invention before and after self-repair.
  • Figure 5 is a physical image of the precursor artificial ear (a) and the hydrogel artificial ear (b).
  • the invention discloses a physical hydrogel, calculated by mole fraction, including the following components:
  • monomer A is acrylic acid or methacrylic acid
  • monomer B is dimethylaminoethyl acrylate or dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate
  • monomer C is alkyl acrylate and its mixture, and the alkyl chain is any one of C1 to C30.
  • the present invention copolymerizes hydrophilic acrylic acid, dimethylaminoethyl acrylate and hydrophobic alkyl acrylate into an amphiphilic hydrogel precursor, and prepares the hydrophobic hydrogel by the precursor immersion method.
  • the associative physical hydrogel is different from the traditional emulsion polymerization to prepare the hydrophobic associative physical hydrogel.
  • the stability of the hydrophobically associating physical hydrogel is fundamentally improved.
  • the method of the invention has simple operation and can realize the large-scale preparation of the hydrophobically associating physical hydrogel.
  • the preparation method of the physical hydrogel of the present invention includes the following steps:
  • the precursor is soaked in water for 1-120 hours to form the physical hydrogel.
  • Precursors are amphiphilic substances, but due to their high molecular weight, the intermolecular hydrophobic segments will reshot to form physical cross-linking points, so they are different from small-molecule amphiphilic compounds. They do not dissolve in water and can only swell to form hydrophobic Associate hydrogel.
  • Figs. 1-4 the basic chemical structure of the hydrogel can be confirmed by the infrared spectrum and the 1 H NMR spectrum of the physical hydrogel of the present invention.
  • the content of Fig. 3 proves that the physical hydrogel of the present invention has excellent mechanical properties, especially tensile properties, which are generally not possessed by traditional chemical hydrogels.
  • the content of Figure 4 proves the self-repairing performance of the physical hydrogel, which is also one of the important characteristics of the physical hydrogel of the present invention that is different from the traditional chemical hydrogel.
  • Fig. 5(a) shows the artificial ear made of precursor, which is solid, hard and fragile;
  • Fig. 5(b) shows the artificial ear made of finished physical hydrogel, which is soft and stretchable.
  • the physical hydrogel of the present invention can be used as a self-healing structural material in the fields of smart wear, brakes, flexible devices and tissue engineering, can be used as an adhesive for the bonding of glass, wood, metal and polymer materials, and can be used as a resistance Biological pollution coating can be used as a dye adsorbent in the separation of chemical raw materials and environmental pollution control.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
  • Polymerisation Methods In General (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种物理水凝胶及其制备方法，该物理水凝胶按摩尔份数计算，包括以下成分：1-30份单体A，单体A为丙烯酸或甲基丙烯酸；1-30份单体B，单体B为丙烯酸二甲胺基乙酯或甲基丙烯酸二甲氨乙酯；40-98份单体C，单体C为丙烯酸烷基酯及其混合物，烷基链为C1到C30中的任意一种。本发明中的物理水凝胶主要成分为丙烯酸、丙烯酸二甲胺基乙酯以及丙烯酸烷基酯，避免了表明活性剂的使用，从根本上提高了疏水缔合物理水凝胶的稳定性。该发明方法操作简单，可以实现疏水缔合物理水凝胶的大规模制备。

Description

物理水凝胶及其制备方法
交叉引用
本申请要求在2019年10月31日提交中国专利局、申请号为201911050974.X、发明名称为“物理水凝胶及其制备方法”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本发明属于化学材料的技术领域，尤其涉及物理水凝胶及其制备方法。
背景技术
目前，高性能水凝胶已经广泛应用于可穿戴电子设备、柔性器件、致动器和组织工程等领域。传统的水凝胶主要通过化学键交联形成，这种化学水凝胶在形变过程中无法实现能量的有效耗散，导致其机械性能较差，已经难以满足在上述领域中的要求。物理水凝胶主要通过非共价键相互作用，包括主客体相互作用，疏水缔合作用，氢键作用和静电相互作用等交联形成。物理水凝胶在形变和恢复时，通过非共价作用的可逆地解离/缔合，以及滞后现象，可以有效的耗散能量，因而表现出可再现性、自适应性和自修复能力。与传统化学水凝胶相比，物理水凝胶在上述领域中具有显著的性能优势和应用潜力。
在构成物理水凝胶的各种非共价相互作用中，疏水缔合作用由于结构设计要求低和焓驱动特性，受到研究人员的格外青睐。通常，疏水缔合物理水凝胶需要在乳液中借助表明活性剂助溶疏水单体实现凝胶制备。然而，在水中浸泡时，这种水凝胶中的表面活性剂会逐渐扩散到外部水环境中，导致水凝胶变性并逐渐失去自修复能力。
发明内容
本发明提供一种物理水凝胶及其制备方法，用以解决现有技术中水凝胶的自修复能力不够的技术问题。
本发明的第一方面公开了一种物理水凝胶，按摩尔份数计算，包括以下成分：
1-301份单体A；
1-30份单体B；
40-98份单体C；
其中，所述单体A为丙烯酸，所述单体B为丙烯酸二甲胺基乙酯，所述单体C为丙烯酸烷基酯及其混合物。
优选地，所述单体A为丙烯酸上的一个氢基被甲基取代而形成的甲基丙烯酸。
优选地，所述单体B为丙烯酸二甲胺基乙酯上的一个氢基被甲基取代而形成的甲基丙烯酸二甲氨乙酯。
优选地，所述单体C中的烷基链为C1到C30中的任意一种。
本发明的第二方面公开了一种上述的物理水凝胶的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
按摩尔份数计算，将1-30份单体A、1-30份单体B以及40-98份单体C充分混合使其发生自由基聚合反应，反应得到前驱体；
将所述前驱体置于水中浸泡，形成所述物理水凝胶。
优选地，在所述单体A、所述单体B以及所述单体C充分混合得到混合物后，通过光引发、热引发、辐射引发或氧化还原引发以使所述混合物发生自由基聚合反应得到前驱体。
优选地，所述前驱体置于水中浸泡时间为1-120h。
本发明第三方面公开了一种上述的物理水凝胶的应用，作为自修复结构材 料应用于智能穿戴、制动器、柔性器件以及组织工程领域。
本发明第四方面公开了一种上述的物理水凝胶的应用，作为染料吸附剂应用于化工原料分离和环境污染治理领域。
本发明第四方面公开了一种上述的物理水凝胶的应用，作为胶黏剂应用于玻璃、木材、金属及高分子材料的粘结。
上述本发明实施例可知，本发明以亲水性的丙烯酸和丙烯酸二甲胺基乙酯以及疏水性的丙烯酸烷基酯共聚合成两亲性的水凝胶前驱体，通过前驱体浸泡法制备疏水缔合物理水凝胶，与传统乳液聚合制备疏水缔合物理水凝胶不同，制备过程中无需使用任何外加表明活性剂，杜绝了因表面活性剂逸出导致的水凝胶性能下降的问题，从根本上提高了疏水缔合物理水凝胶的稳定性。该发明方法操作简单，可以实现疏水缔合物理水凝胶的大规模制备。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动性的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本发明是物理水凝胶的红外谱图；,
图2为本发明物理水凝胶的 1H NMR谱图；
图3为本发明物理水凝胶的拉伸应力应变曲线；
图4为本发明物理水凝胶自修复前后的拉伸应力应变曲线。
图5为前驱体人造耳(a)和水凝胶人造耳(b)的实物图。
具体实施方式
为使得本发明的发明目的、特征、优点能够更加的明显和易懂，下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而非全部实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
本发明公开了一种物理水凝胶，按摩尔份数计算，包括以下成分：
1-30份单体A，单体A为丙烯酸或甲基丙烯酸；
1-30份单体B，单体B为丙烯酸二甲胺基乙酯或甲基丙烯酸二甲氨乙酯；
40-98份单体C，单体C为丙烯酸烷基酯及其混合物，烷基链为C1到C30中的任意一种。
相较于现有技术，本本发明以亲水性的丙烯酸和丙烯酸二甲胺基乙酯以及疏水性的丙烯酸烷基酯共聚合成两亲性的水凝胶前驱体，通过前驱体浸泡法制备疏水缔合物理水凝胶，与传统乳液聚合制备疏水缔合物理水凝胶不同，制备过程中无需使用任何外加表明活性剂，杜绝了因表面活性剂逸出导致的水凝胶性能下降的问题，从根本上提高了疏水缔合物理水凝胶的稳定性。该发明方法操作简单，可以实现疏水缔合物理水凝胶的大规模制备。
本发明的物理水凝胶的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
按摩尔份数计算，将1-30份单体A、1-30份单体B以及60-98份单体C充分混合得到混合物后，通过光引发、热引发、辐射引发或氧化还原引发以使所述混合物发生自由基聚合反应得到前驱体；
在前驱体的生成过程中，发生的化合反应如下：
Figure PCTCN2019128531-appb-000001
将所述前驱体置于水中浸泡1-120h，形成所述物理水凝胶。
前驱体是两亲性物质，但是由于分子量较高，分子间疏水链段会重拍形成物理交联点，所以它们与小分子两亲性化合物不同，不会溶于水，只能溶胀形成疏水缔合水凝胶。
请参阅图1-4，在图1-2中，通过本发明物理水凝胶的红外谱图和 1H NMR谱图可以证实水凝胶的基本化学结构。通过图3的内容证实了本发明物理水凝胶具有优异力学性能，特别是拉伸性能，这是传统化学水凝胶一般不具备的特点。通过图4的内容证明了物理水凝胶的自修复性能，这也是本发明物理水凝胶有别于传统化学水凝胶的重要特征之一。
请进一步参阅图5，图5(a)中为前驱体制作的人造耳，为固态，坚硬易脆；图5(b)中为成品物理水凝胶制作的人造耳，柔软可拉伸。
本发明的物理水凝胶可以作为自修复结构材料应用于智能穿戴、制动器、柔性器件以及组织工程领域，可以作为胶黏剂应用于玻璃、木材、金属及高分子材料的粘结，可以作为抗生物污染涂层使用，可以作为染料吸附剂应用于化工原料分离和环境污染治理领域。
实施例一
将40毫摩尔的丙烯酸、40毫摩尔的丙烯酸二甲胺基乙酯、120毫摩尔克的丙烯酸丁酯和1毫摩尔克的光引发剂(I2959)混合均匀，倒入聚丙烯模具中，在紫外光下辐射1小时，得到共聚物前驱体。然后，将前驱体放入去离子水中，浸泡48小时，得到物理水凝胶。
实施例二
将40毫摩尔的甲基丙烯酸、40毫摩尔的甲基丙烯酸二甲氨乙酯、80毫摩尔克的丙烯酸己酯和1毫摩尔克的热引发剂(AIBN)混合均匀，倒入聚丙烯密闭模具并让入烘箱中，在80度下加热12小时，得到共聚物前驱体。然后，将前驱体放入去离子水中，浸泡48小时，得到物理水凝胶。
实施例三
将1毫摩尔的甲基丙烯酸、1毫摩尔的甲基丙烯酸二甲氨乙酯、98毫摩尔的丙烯酸己酯和1毫摩尔的热引发剂(AIBN)加入150毫升的甲苯中，通入氮气10分钟，然后将甲苯溶液加热至100度，反应6小时。将溶液放置在模具，80度干燥24小时除去甲苯，将得到的前驱体薄膜放入水中，浸泡24小时，得到物理水凝胶。
实施例四
将30毫摩尔的甲基丙烯酸、30毫摩尔的甲基丙烯酸二甲氨乙酯、40毫摩尔的丙烯酸己酯和1毫摩尔的热引发剂(AIBN)加入150毫升的甲苯中，通入氮气10分钟，然后将甲苯溶液加热至100度，反应6小时。将溶液放置在模具，80度干燥24小时除去甲苯，将得到的前驱体薄膜放入水中，浸泡24小时，得到物理水凝胶。
在上述实施例中，对各个实施例的描述都各有侧重，某个实施例中没有详述的部分，可以参见其它实施例的相关描述。
以上为对本发明所提供的技术方案的描述，对于本领域的技术人员，依据本发明实施例的思想，在具体实施方式及应用范围上均会有改变之处，综上，本说明书内容不应理解为对本发明的限制。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种物理水凝胶，其特征在于，按摩尔份数计算，包括以下成分：
    1-30份单体A；
    1-30份单体B；
    40-98份单体C；
    其中，所述单体A为丙烯酸，所述单体B为丙烯酸二甲胺基乙酯，所述单体C为丙烯酸烷基酯及其混合物。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的物理水凝胶，其特征在于，所述单体A为丙烯酸上的一个氢基被甲基取代而形成的甲基丙烯酸。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的物理水凝胶，其特征在于，所述单体B为丙烯酸二甲胺基乙酯上的一个氢基被甲基取代而形成的甲基丙烯酸二甲氨乙酯。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的物理水凝胶，其特征在于，所述单体C中的烷基链为C1到C30中的任意一种。
  5. 一种如权利要求1-4中任一项所述的物理水凝胶的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
    按摩尔份数计算，将1-30份单体A、1-30份单体B以及40-98份单体C充分混合使其发生自由基聚合反应，反应得到前驱体；
    将所述前驱体置于水中浸泡，形成所述物理水凝胶。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的物理水凝胶的制备方法，其特征在于，在所述单体A、所述单体B以及所述单体C充分混合得到混合物后，通过光引发、热引发、辐射引发或氧化还原引发以使所述混合物发生自由基聚合反应得到前驱体。
  7. 根据权利要求5所述的物理水凝胶的制备方法，其特征在于，所述前驱体置于水中浸泡时间为1-120h。
  8. 一种如权利要求1-4中任一项所述的物理水凝胶的应用，其特征在于，作为自修复结构材料应用于智能穿戴、制动器、柔性器件以及组织工程领域。
  9. 一种如权利要求1-4中任一项所述的物理水凝胶的应用，其特征在于，作为染料吸附剂应用于化工原料分离和环境污染治理领域。
  10. 一种如权利要求1-4中任一项所述的物理水凝胶的应用，其特征在于，作为胶黏剂应用于玻璃、木材、金属及高分子材料的粘结。
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