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WO2021046792A1 - 随机接入的方法和装置 - Google Patents

随机接入的方法和装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021046792A1
WO2021046792A1 PCT/CN2019/105575 CN2019105575W WO2021046792A1 WO 2021046792 A1 WO2021046792 A1 WO 2021046792A1 CN 2019105575 W CN2019105575 W CN 2019105575W WO 2021046792 A1 WO2021046792 A1 WO 2021046792A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
random access
access process
preamble
terminal device
counter
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2019/105575
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
石聪
Original Assignee
Oppo广东移动通信有限公司
Oppo广东移动通信有限公司深圳分公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Oppo广东移动通信有限公司, Oppo广东移动通信有限公司深圳分公司 filed Critical Oppo广东移动通信有限公司
Priority to PCT/CN2019/105575 priority Critical patent/WO2021046792A1/zh
Priority to CN202210428229.XA priority patent/CN114928896B/zh
Priority to EP19945203.8A priority patent/EP3975653B1/en
Priority to CN201980097262.5A priority patent/CN113994759A/zh
Publication of WO2021046792A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021046792A1/zh
Priority to US17/558,471 priority patent/US12108458B2/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W74/00—Wireless channel access
    • H04W74/08—Non-scheduled access, e.g. ALOHA
    • H04W74/0833—Random access procedures, e.g. with 4-step access

Definitions

  • This application relates to the field of communications, and in particular to a method and device for random access.
  • Random access is a process in which a terminal device attempts to access a communication network.
  • a random access method includes the following four steps: a terminal device sends a preamble (preamble) to a network device; receives a random access response (RAR) message from the network device; sends a message (message, msg) to the network device )3; Receive msg4 from the network device.
  • This random access method can also be called a four-step method.
  • Another random access method includes the following two steps: the terminal device sends msgA to the network device, msgA includes preamble and load information; the terminal device receives msgB from the network device, and msgB is used to resolve contention during random access.
  • This random access method can also be called a two-step method.
  • the two-step method reduces the delay of random access and reduces the signaling overhead. If the random access is still unsuccessful after the msgA is transmitted several times, the terminal device can fallback to the four-step method to continue random access. While the above-mentioned fallback scheme improves the success rate of random access, it also enters a more complicated processing mechanism. How to reduce the complexity of the fallback scheme is a problem that needs to be solved currently.
  • This application provides a method, device, terminal device, chip, computer-readable storage medium, and computer program product for random access, which can reduce the complexity of random access.
  • a random access method which includes: in the first random access process, the terminal device is still unsuccessful when the value of the counter for recording the number of transmissions of the random access message including the preamble reaches N In the case of access, the terminal device switches from the first random access process to the second random access process, wherein the counter is also used to check the preamble included in the second random access process The number of transmissions of random access messages is counted, where N is a positive integer.
  • the above method can be executed by the terminal device. Since the terminal device records the transmission times of the two types of random access messages through one counter, the number of counters maintained by the terminal device is reduced compared with the solution of using two counters to separate the two types of random access messages. , Which reduces the complexity of the fallback mechanism.
  • a random access device which can realize the function corresponding to the method in the first aspect, and the function can be realized by hardware, or by hardware executing corresponding software.
  • the hardware or software includes one or more units or modules corresponding to the above-mentioned functions.
  • the device is a terminal device or a chip.
  • the device may include a processing unit and a transceiving unit.
  • the processing unit may be a processor, and the transceiving unit may be a transceiver;
  • the terminal device may also include a storage unit, and the storage unit may be a memory; the storage unit is used to store instructions, and the processing The unit executes the instructions stored in the storage unit, so that the terminal device executes the method described in the first aspect.
  • the processing unit may be a processor, and the transceiving unit may be an input/output interface, a pin or a circuit, etc.; the processing unit executes the instructions stored in the storage unit to include the
  • the terminal device of the chip executes the method described in the first aspect, and the storage unit may be a storage unit in the chip (for example, a register, a cache, etc.), or a storage unit in the terminal device located outside the chip (for example, , Read-only memory, random access memory, etc.).
  • a computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program.
  • the processor executes the method described in the first aspect.
  • a computer program product including computer program code, and when the computer program code is executed by a processor, the processor executes the method described in the first aspect.
  • a computer program which when running on a computer, causes the computer to execute the method described in the first aspect.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a communication system suitable for the present application
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a 4-step random access method suitable for this application
  • Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of a 2-step random access method suitable for the present application.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of a random access resource suitable for this application.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of another random access resource suitable for this application.
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a random access method provided by the present application.
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a random access device provided by the present application.
  • Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of a terminal device provided by the present application.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a communication system suitable for this application.
  • the communication system 100 includes a network device 110 and a terminal device 120.
  • the terminal device 120 communicates with the network device 110 through electromagnetic waves.
  • the terminal device 120 may include various handheld devices with wireless communication functions, vehicle-mounted devices, wearable devices, computing devices, or other processing devices connected to a wireless modem, for example, the third-generation partnership project (3 rd Generation partnership project, 3GPP) defined user equipment (user equipment, UE), mobile station (mobile station, MS), soft terminal, home gateway, set-top box, etc.
  • 3GPP Third-generation partnership project
  • Network device 110 may be defined by the 3GPP base stations, e.g., the fifth generation (5 th generation, 5G) communication system, a base station (gNB).
  • the network device 110 may also be a non-3GPP (non-3GPP) access network device, such as an access gateway (AGF).
  • AMF access gateway
  • the network device 110 may also be a relay station, an access point, a vehicle-mounted device, a wearable device, and other types of devices.
  • the communication system 100 is only an example, and the communication system applicable to the present application is not limited to this.
  • the number of network devices and terminal devices included in the communication system 100 may also be other numbers.
  • the terminal devices and network devices below are no longer accompanied by reference signs.
  • the terminal device After the cell search process, the terminal device has achieved downlink synchronization with the network device (also referred to as a "cell"), so the terminal device can receive downlink data.
  • the terminal equipment needs to obtain uplink synchronization with the network equipment to facilitate uplink transmission.
  • the terminal device can establish a connection with the network device through a random access process and obtain uplink synchronization. That is to say, through random access, the terminal device can obtain uplink synchronization, and obtain the unique identifier assigned to it by the network device, namely the cell radio network temporary identity (C-RNTI). Therefore, random access can be applied not only in initial access, but also in the case where the user's uplink synchronization is lost.
  • C-RNTI cell radio network temporary identity
  • the random access process can usually be triggered by one of the following six types of trigger events:
  • the terminal device will enter the RRC connected state (RRC_CONNECTED) from the radio resource control (radio resource control, RRC) idle state (RRC_IDLE).
  • the terminal device When the terminal device needs to establish uplink synchronization with a new cell, it needs to initiate random access in the new cell.
  • RRC connection re-establishment RRC connection re-establishment
  • the terminal device re-establishes a wireless connection after a radio link failure (RLF) occurs.
  • RLF radio link failure
  • the terminal device needs to reply with an acknowledgement (acknowledgement, ACK) or a negative acknowledgement (NACK) after the downlink data arrives.
  • acknowledgement acknowledgement
  • NACK negative acknowledgement
  • the uplink In the RRC connection state, when the uplink data arrives, the uplink is in an "out of synchronization" state or there is no available physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) resource for scheduling request (SR) transmission.
  • PUCCH physical uplink control channel
  • uplink data arrives, for example, when it needs to report a measurement report or send data
  • the terminal device can initiate a random access process; or if the terminal device that is already in the uplink synchronization state is allowed to use the random access channel (random access channel).
  • Access channel RACH replaces the role of SR, so when the uplink is in the "out of synchronization" state, the terminal device can initiate a random access process.
  • TA timing advance
  • random access may be triggered due to RRC active state (RRC_INACTIVE) transition, request for other system information (OSI), or beam failure recovery (beam failure recovery).
  • RRC_INACTIVE RRC active state
  • OSI system information
  • beam failure recovery beam failure recovery
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of 4-step random access.
  • the 4-step random access process can include the following four steps:
  • Step 1 The terminal device sends msg1.
  • the terminal device can send msg1 to the network device through the physical random access channel (PRACH) to tell the network device that the terminal device has initiated a random access request.
  • the msg1 carries a random access preamble (random access preamble). , RAP), RAP can also be called preamble, random access preamble sequence, preamble sequence, etc.
  • the network device can estimate the transmission delay between it and the terminal device and the size of the uplink resource required by msg3 in step 3 according to msg1.
  • Step 2 The network device sends msg2.
  • the network device After receiving msg 1 sent by the terminal device, the network device sends msg2, that is, the RAR message, to the terminal device.
  • the terminal device can monitor the physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) scrambled by the random access radio network temporary identity (RA-RNTI) in the RAR window to receive the radio network temporary identity (RA-RNTI).
  • PDCCH scheduled physical downlink shared channel (physical downlink shared channel, PDSCH)
  • the RAR message is carried in the PDSCH.
  • the RAR message can be scheduled in a downlink control information (download control information, DCI) format (format) 1-0.
  • the terminal device If the terminal device does not receive the RAR message replies from the network device within the RAR window, it is considered that this random access has failed. If the terminal device successfully detects the RAR message in the RAR window, and the index of the preamble carried in the RAR message is the same as the index of the preamble in msg1, the terminal device can stop detecting the RAR message. The terminal device can use the RA-RNTI to descramble the RAR message, and the RA-RNTI is related to the PRACH used by the terminal device to send msg1.
  • the RAR message may include response messages for multiple terminal devices that send the preamble.
  • the response message for each terminal device includes the random access preamble identification (RAPID) used by the terminal device, resource allocation information of msg3, TA adjustment information, and temporary cell wireless network temporary identification ( temporary cell radio network temporary identity, TC-RNTI), etc.
  • subheader (subheader) of the RAR message may also include a backoff index (BI), which is used to indicate the backoff time for retransmitting msg1.
  • BI backoff index
  • Step 3 The terminal device sends msg3.
  • the terminal device After receiving the RAR message, the terminal device determines whether the RAR is its own RAR message. For example, the terminal device can use the preamble index to check. After determining that it is its own RAR message, it generates msg3 at the RRC layer and sends it to the network The device sends msg3, which can carry the identification of the terminal device, etc.
  • the msg3 sent by the terminal device in step 3 of the 4-step random access process may include different content.
  • msg3 includes the RRC connection request message generated by the RRC layer, which can carry the non-access stratum (NAS) identification information of the terminal device.
  • NAS non-access stratum
  • msg3 may also carry, for example, the serving temporary mobile subscriber identity (S-TMSI) or random number of the terminal device.
  • S-TMSI serving temporary mobile subscriber identity
  • msg3 includes the RRC connection re-establishment message generated by the RRC layer and does not carry any NAS message.
  • msg3 can also carry, for example, C-RNTI and protocol control information (protocol control information, PCI).
  • msg3 includes an RRC handover confirm message generated by the RRC layer, which carries the C-RNTI of the terminal device.
  • msg3 may also carry information such as a buffer status report (BSR).
  • BSR buffer status report
  • msg3 may include the C-RNTI of the terminal device.
  • uplink transmission usually uses terminal device-specific information. For example, using C-RNTI or the like to scramble the data carried in the uplink shared channel (UL-SCH). But the conflict has not been resolved at this time, so when scrambling msg3 cannot be based on C-RNTI, only TC-RNTI can be used.
  • Step 4 The network device sends msg4.
  • the network device sends msg4 to the terminal device, and the terminal device receives msg4 to complete contention resolution.
  • msg4 can carry the RRC connection establishment message.
  • msg3 carries the unique identifier of the terminal device, such as C-RNTI or identification information from the core network (such as S-TMSI or a random number)
  • msg4 will carry the unique identifier of the terminal device to specify the terminal device that wins the competition.
  • the PDCCH used for scheduling msg4 can be scrambled using C-RNTI.
  • the method for conflict resolution of the terminal device may be: receive the PDSCH in msg4 and determine the contention in the PDSCH Solve whether the ID matches the common control channel (CCCH) service data unit (SDU) sent in msg3.
  • CCCH common control channel
  • SDU service data unit
  • the PDCCH used for scheduling msg4 can be scrambled using TC-RNTI.
  • the terminal equipment that does not win in the contention resolution will re-initiate random access.
  • a 2-step random access method can also be used.
  • One possible method is to send the messages msg1 and msg3 in the 4-step random access process as the first message in the 2-step random access process; use msg2 and msg4 in the 4-step random access process as 2 The second message in the random access process is sent.
  • the 2-step random access process can include the following two steps:
  • Step 1 The terminal device sends the first message (may be called msgA).
  • the first message may include the preamble and uplink data (or payload).
  • the uplink data may be carried on an uplink channel, and the uplink channel may be, for example, a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH).
  • the PUSCH may carry, for example, the identification information of the terminal device and the reason for the RRC request.
  • the first message can carry part or all of the information carried in msg1 and msg3 in the 4-step random access process.
  • Step 2 The network device sends a second message (may be called msgB).
  • the network device If the network device successfully receives the first message sent by the terminal device, it sends the second message to the terminal device.
  • the second message may include, for example, conflict resolution information, C-RNTI allocation information, TA adjustment information, and so on.
  • the second message may carry part or all of the information carried in msg2 and msg4 in the 4-step random access process.
  • the second message carries conflict resolution information for a single terminal device (including the information related to the identification of the terminal device sent by the terminal device in the first message), C-RNTI allocation information, TA adjustment information, etc.
  • the second message may also carry an RRC connection establishment message and so on.
  • the transmission resources of the first message may include PRACH used to transmit the preamble and PUSCH used to transmit uplink data.
  • the PRACH may also be used to transmit a cyclic prefix (CP) of the preamble, and the cyclic prefix is located before the preamble.
  • a guard time (GT) can also be configured between the two channels.
  • PRACH can be located before PUSCH, as shown in Figure 4; PRACH can also be located after PUSCH, as shown in Figure 5.
  • the 5G communication system introduces a fallback mechanism from a 2-step random access process to a 4-step random access process.
  • the terminal device can fall back to the 4-step RACH procedure (the random access procedure shown in FIG. 2), that is, the terminal device only transmits the PRACH preamble.
  • the network device can configure the value of N.
  • the above-mentioned fallback scheme not only improves the success rate of random access, but also enters a more complicated processing mechanism.
  • the terminal device needs to count the number of transmissions of msgA and msg1 separately to prevent the number of transmissions of msgA from exceeding the maximum transmission of msgA. The number of times and avoiding the transmission times of msg1 exceeding the maximum transmission times of msg1.
  • This application provides a random access method, which can reduce the complexity of the fallback mechanism.
  • the method 600 includes:
  • S610 Send a random access message of the first type, where the random access message of the first type includes a preamble and a payload.
  • the method 600 may be executed by a terminal device or a chip in the terminal device.
  • the first type of random access message is, for example, the msgA described above, and the payload may be information carried in the PUSCH, for example, the identification of the terminal device.
  • the terminal device selects the 2-step RACH according to a specific rule, such as the reference signal received power (reference signal) broadcast by the network device. receiving power, RSRP) threshold criteria.
  • a specific rule such as the reference signal received power (reference signal) broadcast by the network device. receiving power, RSRP) threshold criteria.
  • the terminal device maintains a counter, which is used to record the number of retransmissions of msgA and msg1.
  • the counter can be a variable of the reused preamble transmission counter (PREAMBLE_TRANSMISSION_COUNTER) or other counters.
  • the initial value of the above counter can be either 0 or 1. In the following, the initial value of the counter is 1 for description.
  • the value recorded by the counter is incremented by 1. For example, after the terminal device sends msgA once, the value recorded by the counter is 2; after the terminal device sends msgA N times, the value recorded by the counter is N+1.
  • the terminal device After the terminal device sends msgA, it listens to msgB, which includes fallback RAR (fallbackRAR), success RAR (successRAR), and BI.
  • fallbackRAR fallbackRAR
  • success RAR success RAR
  • BI BI.
  • the random access process to which the first type of random access message belongs is, for example, a 2-step random access process.
  • the terminal device can determine that the 2-step random access process fails.
  • the terminal device did not receive any response message from the network device in the listening window of msgB.
  • the terminal device receives msgB within the listening window of msgB, but msgB does not include a fallback RAR or a successful RAR.
  • the terminal device After receiving the msgB containing the fallback RAR in the listening window of msgB, the terminal device sends msg3; subsequently, it does not receive the correct contention resolution message before the contention resolution timer expires.
  • the above three situations are only three examples of failure of the random access process, and the terminal device may determine that the random access process to which the first type of random access message belongs has failed according to other situations.
  • the terminal device After the terminal device determines that the 2-step random access process fails, if the number of transmissions recorded by the counter does not reach N, the terminal device can retransmit msgA; if the number of transmissions recorded by the counter reaches N, the terminal device can fall back to 4-step random access Enter the process, that is, send msg1 (an example of the second type of random access message).
  • the counter continues to record the number of transmissions of msg1, so as to prevent the number of transmissions of msg1 from exceeding the maximum number of transmissions of msgA and msg1, resulting in excessive delay of random access.
  • the terminal device may also reset the counter to the initial value before sending the msg1 and then record the transmission times of the msg1 through the counter, so as to improve the success rate of the random access process.
  • the terminal device Since the terminal device records the transmission times of the two types of random access messages through one counter, compared with the solution of using two counters to separate two types of random access messages, the number of counters maintained by the terminal device is reduced, and the complexity of the fallback mechanism is reduced. degree.
  • the terminal device can continue to increase the transmission power on the basis of the transmission power used by the preamble in the last transmission of msgA, or use the last transmission
  • the transmission power used by the preamble in msgA is used to send msg1, and the initial transmission power of the preamble can also be used to send msg1.
  • the transmit power used for the last (N-th) msgA transmitted in a preamble is P N
  • P N is less than the maximum transmit power of the terminal equipment P MAX
  • the terminal device may be P N + P S as a first Send the transmit power of msg1.
  • P S is the step length of the power increase
  • P S is a positive number.
  • the transmit power used when sending the preamble in msgA for the last time (the Nth time) is P N , if P N is equal to the maximum transmit power of the terminal device P MAX , or if P N + P S is greater than P MAX , Then the terminal device can use PN as the transmit power for sending msg1 for the first time.
  • P S is the step length of the power increase, and P S is a positive number.
  • the terminal device may use the initial transmit power PREAMBLE_RECEIVED_TARGET_POWER+DELTA_PREAMBLE as the transmit power for the first msg1 transmission, where PREAMBLE_RECEIVED_TARGET_POWER and DELTA_PREAMBLE are two power values, and DELTA_PREAMBLE is related to the length of the preamble in msg1.
  • the subsequent 4-step random access process can be performed according to the method shown in FIG. 2. After successful random access, the terminal device can set the counter to an initial value.
  • the method 600 further includes:
  • the terminal device can determine that the 4-step random access procedure has failed.
  • the terminal device did not receive the correct RAR before the RAR window timed out.
  • the terminal device does not receive the correct contention resolution message before the contention resolution timer expires.
  • the terminal device may determine that the random access process to which the second type of random access message belongs has failed according to other conditions.
  • the terminal device can retransmit msg1.
  • the number of transmissions recorded by the counter is increased by 1; if the number of transmissions recorded by the counter is greater than or equal to K, the terminal device
  • the random result process can be stopped, and a random access problem (random access problem) can be reported to the upper layer.
  • the corresponding cause value can be selected to the upper layer according to the specific cause of the random access failure, so that the upper layer can take corresponding measures.
  • the present invention is not limited to the fallback from the two-step random access process to the four-step random access process, but can be applied to handover between different types of random access processes.
  • the above embodiments are only for illustration. The purpose is to show, not to be limiting.
  • the random access device includes hardware structures and/or software modules corresponding to each function.
  • the present application can be implemented in the form of hardware or a combination of hardware and computer software. Whether a certain function is executed by hardware or computer software-driven hardware depends on the specific application and design constraint conditions of the technical solution. Professionals and technicians can use different methods for each specific application to implement the described functions, but such implementation should not be considered beyond the scope of this application.
  • the present application may divide the random access device into functional units according to the foregoing method examples.
  • each function may be divided into each functional unit, or two or more functions may be integrated into one processing unit.
  • the above-mentioned integrated unit can be implemented in the form of hardware or software functional unit. It should be noted that the division of units in this application is illustrative, and is only a logical function division, and there may be other division methods in actual implementation.
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a random access device provided by the present application.
  • the device 700 includes a processing unit 710 and a sending unit 720, and the sending unit 720 can perform sending steps under the control of the processing unit 710.
  • the sending unit 720 may be configured to send a first type of random access message, the first type of random access message including a preamble and a payload; when the random access process to which the first type of random access message belongs fails, And, when the number of transmissions recorded by the counter reaches N, a second type of random access message is sent, where the counter is used to record the transmission of the first type of random access message and the second type of random access message
  • N is a positive integer.
  • the processing unit 710 is further configured to: when the random access procedure to which the second type of random access message belongs fails, and when the number of transmissions recorded by the counter is greater than or equal to K, report the random access message to the higher layer.
  • Access problem where K is the maximum number of transmissions of the first type of random access message and the second type of random access message, and K is a positive integer.
  • the transmission power of the preamble in the second type of random access message is greater than or equal to the transmission power of the preamble in the first type of random access message during the Nth transmission.
  • the transmission power of the preamble in the second type of random access message is equal to the initial transmission power of the preamble in the first type of random access message.
  • processing unit 710 is further configured to determine the initial transmission power according to the length of the preamble.
  • processing unit 710 is further configured to: set the counter to an initial value before sending the second type of random access message.
  • processing unit 710 is further configured to: after a successful random access, set the counter to an initial value.
  • Fig. 8 shows a schematic structural diagram of a terminal device provided by the present application.
  • the dotted line in Figure 8 indicates that the unit or the module is optional.
  • the device 800 may be used to implement the methods described in the foregoing method embodiments.
  • the device 800 may be a terminal device or a chip.
  • the device 800 includes one or more processors 801, and the one or more processors 801 can support the device 800 to implement the methods in the method embodiments corresponding to FIGS. 2 to 6.
  • the processor 801 may be a general-purpose processor or a special-purpose processor.
  • the processor 801 may be a central processing unit (CPU).
  • the CPU can be used to control the device 800, execute a software program, and process data of the software program.
  • the device 800 may also include a communication unit 805 to implement signal input (reception) and output (transmission).
  • the device 800 may be a chip, and the communication unit 805 may be an input and/or output circuit of the chip, or the communication unit 805 may be a communication interface of the chip, and the chip may be used as a terminal device or a network device or other wireless communication device Part.
  • the device 800 may be a terminal device, and the communication unit 805 may be a transceiver of the terminal device, or the communication unit 805 may be a transceiver circuit of the terminal device.
  • the device 800 may include one or more memories 802 with a program 804 stored thereon, and the program 804 may be run by the processor 801 to generate instructions 803 so that the processor 801 executes the methods described in the foregoing method embodiments according to the instructions 803.
  • the memory 802 may also store data.
  • the processor 801 may also read data stored in the memory 802. The data may be stored at the same storage address as the program 804, or the data may be stored at a different storage address from the program 804.
  • the processor 801 and the memory 802 may be provided separately or integrated together, for example, integrated on a system-on-chip (SOC) of the terminal device.
  • SOC system-on-chip
  • the device 800 may also include an antenna 806.
  • the communication unit 805 is used to implement the transceiver function of the device 800 through the antenna 806.
  • the processor 801 may be a CPU, a digital signal processor (digital signal processor, DSP), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field programmable gate array (field programmable gate array, FPGA) or other programmable logic devices , For example, discrete gates, transistor logic devices, or discrete hardware components.
  • DSP digital signal processor
  • ASIC application specific integrated circuit
  • FPGA field programmable gate array
  • This application also provides a computer program product, which, when executed by the processor 801, implements the method described in any method embodiment in this application.
  • the computer program product may be stored in the memory 802, for example, a program 804, and the program 804 is finally converted into an executable object file that can be executed by the processor 801 through processing processes such as preprocessing, compilation, assembly, and linking.
  • the present application also provides a computer-readable storage medium on which a computer program is stored, and when the computer program is executed by a computer, the method described in any method embodiment in the present application is implemented.
  • the computer program can be a high-level language program or an executable target program.
  • the computer-readable storage medium is, for example, the memory 802.
  • the memory 802 may be a volatile memory or a non-volatile memory, or the memory 802 may include both a volatile memory and a non-volatile memory.
  • the non-volatile memory can be read-only memory (ROM), programmable read-only memory (programmable ROM, PROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (erasable PROM, EPROM), and electrically available Erase programmable read-only memory (electrically EPROM, EEPROM) or flash memory.
  • the volatile memory may be random access memory (RAM), which is used as an external cache.
  • RAM random access memory
  • static random access memory static random access memory
  • dynamic RAM dynamic RAM
  • DRAM dynamic random access memory
  • synchronous dynamic random access memory synchronous DRAM, SDRAM
  • double data rate synchronous dynamic random access memory double data rate SDRAM, DDR SDRAM
  • enhanced synchronous dynamic random access memory enhanced SDRAM, ESDRAM
  • synchronous connection dynamic random access memory serial DRAM, SLDRAM
  • direct rambus RAM direct rambus RAM, DR RAM
  • the disclosed system, device, and method may be implemented in other ways. For example, some features of the method embodiments described above may be ignored or not implemented.
  • the device embodiments described above are merely illustrative.
  • the division of units is only a logical function division. In actual implementation, there may be other division methods, and multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system.
  • the coupling between the units or the coupling between the components may be direct coupling or indirect coupling, and the foregoing coupling includes electrical, mechanical, or other forms of connection.
  • the size of the sequence number of each process does not mean the order of execution, and the execution order of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic, and should not correspond to the embodiments of the present application.
  • the implementation process constitutes any limitation.
  • system and “network” in this article are often used interchangeably in this article.
  • the term “and/or” in this article is only an association relationship that describes associated objects, which means that there can be three relationships, for example, A and/or B, which can mean: A alone exists, A and B exist at the same time, alone There are three cases of B.
  • the character “/" in this text generally indicates that the associated objects before and after are in an "or" relationship.

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Abstract

本申请提供了一种随机接入的方法，包括：在第一随机接入过程中用于记录包含前导码的随机接入消息的传输次数的计数器的值达到N时终端设备仍未成功接入的情况下，所述终端设备从所述第一随机接入过程切换到第二随机接入过程，其中，所述计数器还用于对所述第二随机接入过程中包含前导码的随机接入消息的传输次数进行计数，其中，N为正整数。由于终端设备通过一个计数器记录两类随机接入消息的传输次数，与通过两个计数器分别两类随机接入消息的方案相比减少了终端设备维护的计数器的数量，降低了回退机制的复杂度。

Description

随机接入的方法和装置 技术领域
本申请涉及通信领域，具体涉及一种随机接入的方法和装置。
背景技术
随机接入是终端设备尝试接入通信网络的过程。一种随机接入方法包括以下四个步骤：终端设备向网络设备发送前导码(preamble)；从网络设备接收随机接入响应(random access response，RAR)消息；向网络设备发送消息(message，msg)3；从网络设备接收msg4。这种随机接入方法也可称为四步法。
另一种随机接入方法包括以下两个步骤：终端设备向网络设备发送msgA，msgA包括前导码和载荷信息；终端设备从网络设备接收msgB，msgB用于解决随机接入时的竞争。这种随机接入方法也可称为两步法。
两步法相比于四步法减小了随机接入的时延，降低了信令开销。若msgA传输若干次后随机接入仍未成功，终端设备可以回退(fallback)至四步法继续进行随机接入。上述回退方案在提高了随机接入的成功率的同时，也进入了较为复杂的处理机制，如何降低回退方案的复杂度是当前需要解决的问题。
发明内容
本申请提供了一种用于随机接入的方法、装置、终端设备、芯片、计算机可读存储介质和计算机程序产品，能够降低随机接入的复杂度。
第一方面，提供了一种随机接入的方法，包括：在第一随机接入过程中用于记录包含前导码的随机接入消息的传输次数的计数器的值达到N时终端设备仍未成功接入的情况下，所述终端设备从所述第一随机接入过程切换到第二随机接入过程，其中，所述计数器还用于对所述第二随机接入过程中包含前导码的随机接入消息的传输次数进行计数，其中，N为正整数。
上述方法可以由终端设备执行，由于终端设备通过一个计数器记录两类随机接入消息的传输次数，与通过两个计数器分别两类随机接入消息的方案相比减少了终端设备维护的计数器的数量，降低了回退机制的复杂度。
第二方面，提供了一种随机接入的装置，该装置可以实现第一方面中的方法所对应的功能，所述功能可以通过硬件实现，也可以通过硬件执行相应的软件实现。所述硬件或软件包括一个或多个与上述功能相对应的单元或模块。
在一种可能的设计中，该装置为终端设备或芯片。该装置可以包括处理单元和收发单元。当该装置是终端设备时，该处理单元可以是处理器，该收发单元可以是收发器；该终端设备还可以包括存储单元，该存储单元可以是存储器；该存储单元用于存储指令，该处理单元执行该存储单元所存储的指令，以使该终端设备执行第一方面所述的方法。 当该装置是终端设备内的芯片时，该处理单元可以是处理器，该收发单元可以是输入/输出接口、管脚或电路等；该处理单元执行存储单元所存储的指令，以使包含该芯片的终端设备执行第一方面所述的方法，该存储单元可以是该芯片内的存储单元(例如，寄存器、缓存等)，也可以是该终端设备内的位于该芯片外部的存储单元(例如，只读存储器、随机存取存储器等)。
第三方面，提供了一种计算机可读存储介质，该计算机可读存储介质中存储了计算机程序，该计算机程序被处理器执行时，使得处理器执行第一方面所述的方法。
第四方面，提供了一种计算机程序产品，包括计算机程序代码，当该计算机程序代码被处理器运行时，使得处理器执行第一方面所述的方法。
第五方面，提供了一种计算机程序，当其在计算机上运行时，使得计算机执行第一方面所述的方法。
附图说明
图1是一种适用于本申请的通信系统的示意图；
图2是一种适用于本申请的4步随机接入方法的示意图；
图3是一种适用于本申请的2步随机接入方法的示意图；
图4是一种适用于本申请的随机接入资源的示意图；
图5是另一种适用于本申请的随机接入资源的示意图；
图6是本申请提供的一种随机接入的方法的示意图；
图7是本申请提供的一种随机接入的装置的示意图；
图8是本申请提供的一种终端设备的示意图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本申请保护的范围。
首先介绍本申请的应用场景，图1是一种适用于本申请的通信系统的示意图。
通信系统100包括网络设备110和终端设备120。终端设备120通过电磁波与网络设备110进行通信。
在本申请中，终端设备120可以包括各种具有无线通信功能的手持设备、车载设备、可穿戴设备、计算设备或连接到无线调制解调器的其它处理设备，例如，第三代合作伙伴计划(3 rd generation partnership project，3GPP)所定义的用户设备(user equipment，UE)，移动台(mobile station，MS)，软终端，家庭网关，机顶盒等等。
网络设备110可以是3GPP所定义的基站，例如，第五代(5 th generation，5G)通信系统中的基站(gNB)。网络设备110也可以是非3GPP(non-3GPP)的接入网设备，例 如接入网关(access gateway，AGF)。网络设备110还可以是中继站、接入点、车载设备、可穿戴设备以及其它类型的设备。
通信系统100仅是举例说明，适用本申请的通信系统不限于此，例如，通信系统100中包含的网络设备和终端设备的数量还可以是其它的数量。为了简洁，下文中的终端设备和网络设备不再附带附图标记。
在小区搜索过程之后，终端设备已经与网络设备(也可称为“小区”)取得了下行同步，因此终端设备能够接收下行数据。但终端设备需要与网络设备取得上行同步，以便于进行上行传输。终端设备可以通过随机接入过程与网络设备建立连接并取得上行同步。也就是说，通过随机接入，终端设备可以获得上行同步，并且获得网络设备为其分配的唯一的标识即小区无线网络临时标识(cell radio network temporary identity，C-RNTI)。因此，随机接入不仅可以应用在初始接入中，也可以应用在用户上行同步丢失的情况下。
随机接入过程通常可以由以下6类触发事件之一触发：
(1)初始接入(initial access)。
终端设备会从无线资源控制(radio resource control，RRC)空闲态(RRC_IDLE)进入RRC连接态(RRC_CONNECTED)。
(2)切换(handover)。
当终端设备需要与新的小区建立上行同步时，需要在新的小区发起随机接入。
(3)RRC连接重建(RRC connection re-establishment)。
终端设备在发生无线链路失败(radio link failure，RLF)后重新建立无线连接。
(4)RRC连接态下，下行数据到达时，上行处于“不同步”状态。
此时，下行数据到达后终端设备需要回复肯定应答(acknowledgement，ACK)或否定应答(negative acknowledgement，NACK)。
(5)RRC连接态下，上行数据到达时，上行处于“不同步”状态或没有可用的物理上行控制信道(physical uplink control channel，PUCCH)资源用于调度请求(scheduling request，SR)传输。
上行数据到达例如需要上报测量报告或发送数据时，如果上行处于“不同步”状态，终端设备可以发起随机接入过程；或者，如果允许已经处于上行同步状态的终端设备使用随机接入信道(random access channel，RACH)来替代SR的作用，那么上行处于“不同步”状态时，终端设备可以发起随机接入过程。
(6)RRC连接态下，为了定位，需要获得时间提前量(timing advance，TA)。
此外，还可能由于RRC激活态(RRC_INACTIVE)过渡、请求其它系统信息(other system information，OSI)或者波束失败恢复(beam failure recovery)等原因触发随机接入。
图2是4步随机接入的示意图。4步随机接入的流程可以包括以下四个步骤：
步骤1，终端设备发送msg1。
终端设备可以通过物理随机接入信道(physical random access channel，PRACH)向 网络设备发送msg1，以告诉网络设备该终端设备发起了随机接入请求，该msg1中携带随机接入前导码(random access preamble，RAP)，RAP也可称为前导码、随机接入前导码序列、前导码序列等。网络设备能够根据msg1估计其与终端设备之间的传输时延以及步骤3中msg3所需的上行资源的大小。
步骤2，网络设备发送msg2。
网络设备在接收到终端设备发送的msg 1后，向终端设备发送msg2，即RAR消息。终端设备可以在RAR窗口(RAR window)内监听随机接入无线网络临时标识(random access radio network temporary identity，RA-RNTI)加扰的物理下行控制信道(physical downlink control channel，PDCCH)，以接收该PDCCH调度的物理下行共享信道(physical downlink shared channel，PDSCH)，RAR消息承载于PDSCH中。其中，RAR消息可以采用下行控制信息(download control information，DCI)格式(format)1-0进行调度。
如果终端设备在RAR窗口内没有接收到网络设备回复的RAR消息，则认为此次随机接入失败。如果终端设备在RAR窗口内成功检测到RAR消息，且该RAR消息中携带的前导码的索引与msg1中的前导码的索引相同，则终端设备可以停止检测RAR消息。终端设备可以使用RA-RNTI解扰RAR消息，RA-RNTI与终端设备发送msg1所使用的PRACH相关。
RAR消息中可以包括针对多个发送前导码的终端设备的响应消息。其中，针对每个终端设备的响应消息中包括该终端设备采用的随机接入前导码索引(random access preamble identify，RAPID)、msg3的资源分配信息、TA调整信息、以及临时小区无线网络临时标识(temporary cell radio network temporary identity，TC-RNTI)等。
此外，RAR消息的子头(subheader)还可以包含回退索引(backoff index，BI)，用于指示重传msg1的回退时间。
步骤3，终端设备发送msg3。
终端设备在收到RAR消息后，判断该RAR是否为属于自己的RAR消息，例如终端设备可以利用前导码索引进行核对，在确定是属于自己的RAR消息后，在RRC层产生msg3，并向网络设备发送msg3，其中可以携带终端设备的标识等。
针对不同的随机接入触发事件，4步随机接入过程终端设备在步骤3中发送的msg3可以包括不同的内容。
例如，对于初始接入的场景，msg3包括RRC层生成的RRC连接请求消息，其中可以携带终端设备的非接入层(non-access stratum，NAS)标识信息。此外，msg3还可以携带例如终端设备的服务临时移动用户标识(serving temporary mobile subscriber identity，S-TMSI)或随机数等。
又例如，对于RRC连接重建场景，msg3包括RRC层生成的RRC连接重建消息且不携带任何NAS消息。此外，msg3还可以携带例如C-RNTI和协议控制信息(protocol control information，PCI)等。
又例如，对于切换场景，msg3包括RRC层生成的RRC切换确认(RRC handover  confirm)消息，其携带终端设备的C-RNTI。此外，msg3还可携带例如缓冲状态报告(buffer status report，BSR)等信息。
对于其它触发事件例如上/下行数据到达的场景，msg3可以包括终端设备的C-RNTI。
在一些情况下，上行传输通常使用终端设备特定的信息。例如，使用C-RNTI等对上行共享信道(uplink shared channel，UL-SCH)中承载的数据进行加扰。但此时冲突还未解决，因此对msg3加扰时不能基于C-RNTI，而只能使用TC-RNTI。
步骤4，网络设备发送msg4。
网络设备向终端设备发送msg4，终端设备接收msg4以完成竞争解决(contention resolution)。在RRC连接建立过程中，msg4中可以携带RRC连接建立消息。
若msg3中携带终端设备的唯一标识，例如C-RNTI或来自核心网的标识信息(比如S-TMSI或一个随机数)，msg4中会携带终端设备的唯一标识以指定竞争中胜出的终端设备，用于调度msg4的PDCCH可以采用C-RNTI进行加扰。
若msg3中未携带终端设备的唯一标识，例如，在初始接入过程中，msg3不包括C-RNTI，则终端设备进行冲突解决的方法可以是：接收msg4中的PDSCH并判断该PDSCH中的竞争解决ID和msg3中发送的公共控制信道(common control channel，CCCH)服务数据单元(service data unit，SDU)是否匹配。其中，用于调度msg4的PDCCH可以采用TC-RNTI进行加扰。
没有在竞争解决中胜出的终端设备将重新发起随机接入。
在5G通信系统中，终端设备在进行随机接入时，除了可以使用上述4步随机接入方式进行随机接入，还可以采用2步随机接入的方式。一种可能的方法是，将4步随机接入过程中的消息msg1和msg3作为2步随机接入过程中的第一条消息来发送；将4步随机接入过程中的msg2和msg4作为2步随机接入过程中的第二条消息来发送。
如图3所示，2步随机接入的流程可以包括以下两个步骤：
步骤1，终端设备发送第一条消息(可以称为msgA)。
该第一条消息可以包括前导码和上行数据(或载荷)。该上行数据可以承载于上行信道，该上行信道例如可以为物理上行共享信道(physical uplink shared channel，PUSCH)。其中，该PUSCH例如可以承载有终端设备的标识信息以及RRC请求的原因等。第一条消息可以携带4步随机接入过程中的msg1和msg3中携带的部分或全部信息。
步骤2，网络设备发送第二条消息(可以称为msgB)。
若网络设备成功接收到终端设备发送的第一条消息，则向终端设备发送第二条消息。该第二条消息中例如可以包括冲突解决信息、C-RNTI分配信息、TA调整信息等。该第二条消息可以携带4步随机接入过程中的msg2和msg4中携带的部分或全部信息。
在2步随机接入过程中，该第二条消息携带针对单个终端设备的冲突解决信息(包括第一条消息中终端设备发送的与终端设备的标识相关的信息)、C-RNTI分配信息、TA调整信息等。此外，该第二条消息还可能携带RRC连接建立消息等。
由于2步随机接入过程的标准化方案还未最终确定，因此，这里仅以图3为例进行 介绍，对于其中涉及的各个随机接入消息的定义还存在其它可能性，本申请不限定对2步随机接入过程中的各个随机接入消息的定义。本申请所述的方法适用于其它所有的2步随机接入过程。
在2步随机接入过程中，第一条消息的传输资源可以包括用于传输前导码的PRACH和用于传输上行数据的PUSCH。可选地，PRACH还可以用于传输前导码的循环前缀(cyclic prefix，CP)，该循环前缀位于该前导码之前。该两个信道之间还可以配置一个保护时间(guard time，GT)。PRACH可以位于PUSCH之前，如图4所示；PRACH也可以位于PUSCH之后，如图5所示。
为了提高随机接入的成功率，5G通信系统引入了从2步随机接入过程到4步随机接入过程的回退(fallback)机制。
若随机接入过程在终端设备传输N次msgA之后仍未成功，则终端设备可以回退至4步RACH过程(图2所示的随机接入过程)，即，终端设备仅传输PRACH前导码。其中，网络设备可以配置N的取值。
上述回退方案在提高了随机接入的成功率的同时，也进入了较为复杂的处理机制，例如，终端设备需要对传输msgA和msg1的次数分别计数，避免msgA的传输次数超出msgA的最大传输次数以及避免msg1的传输次数超出msg1的最大传输次数。
本申请提供了一种随机接入的方法，能够降低回退机制的复杂度。
如图6所示，方法600包括：
S610，发送第一类随机接入消息，所述第一类随机接入消息包括前导码和载荷。
方法600可以由终端设备或者终端设备中的芯片执行。第一类随机接入消息例如是上文所述的msgA，载荷可以是承载于PUSCH中的信息，例如，终端设备的标识。
当介质接入控制(media access control，MAC)层或RRC层触发随机接入过程时，终端设备按照特定规则选择了2步RACH，该特定规则例如是网络设备广播的参考信号接收功率(reference signal receiving power，RSRP)门限准则。
在本申请中，“当事件A发生时”用于描述事件A发生这一客观事实，而不应被理解限定事件A发生的时刻。
终端设备维护一个计数器(counter)，该计数器用于记录msgA和msg1的重传次数，该计数器可以是重用的前导码传输计数器(PREAMBLE_TRANSMISSION_COUNTER)变量，也可以是其它计数器。
上述计数器的初始值可以为0，也可以为1。下面，以计数器的初始值为1进行说明。
终端设备每发送一次msgA，计数器记录的数值加1。例如，终端设备发送了一次msgA后，计数器记录的数值为2；终端设备发送了N次msgA后，计数器记录的数值为N+1。
终端设备发送msgA之后，监听msgB，msgB包含回退RAR(fallbackRAR)、成功RAR(successRAR)和BI。
S620，当所述第一类随机接入消息所属的随机接入过程失败时，并且，当计数器记 录的传输次数达到N时，发送第二类随机接入消息，其中，所述计数器用于记录所述第一类随机接入消息和所述第二类随机接入消息的传输次数，N为正整数。
第一类随机接入消息所属的随机接入过程例如是2步随机接入过程，当出现以下情况中的一种时，终端设备可以确定2步随机接入过程失败。
终端设备在msgB的监听窗口内未收到任何网络设备的响应消息。
终端设备在msgB的监听窗口内收到msgB，但msgB不包含回退RAR或者成功RAR。
终端设备在msgB的监听窗口内收到包含回退RAR的msgB后，发送msg3；随后，在竞争解决定时器超时前没收到正确的竞争解决消息。
上述三种情况仅是随机接入过程失败的三个示例，终端设备可以根据其它情况确定第一类随机接入消息所属的随机接入过程失败。
终端设备确定2步随机接入过程失败后，若计数器记录的传输次数未达到N，则终端设备可以重传msgA；若计数器记录的传输次数达到N，则终端设备可以回退到4步随机接入过程，即，发送msg1(第二类随机接入消息的一个示例)。
终端设备发送msg1后，计数器继续记录msg1的传输次数，从而可以避免msg1的传输次数超出msgA和msg1的最大传输次数导致随机接入的时延过大。
终端设备也可以在发送msg1之前将计数器重置为初始值后再通过该计数器记录msg1的传输次数，以便于提高随机接入过程的成功率。
由于终端设备通过一个计数器记录两类随机接入消息的传输次数，与通过两个计数器分别两类随机接入消息的方案相比减少了终端设备维护的计数器的数量，降低了回退机制的复杂度。
回退到4步随机接入过程后，在第一次发送msg1时，终端设备可以在最后一次发送msgA中的前导码使用的发射功率的基础上继续增大发射功率，也可以使用最后一次发送msgA中的前导码所使用的发射功率发送msg1，还可以使用前导码的初始发射功率发送msg1。
例如，最后一次(第N次)发送msgA中的前导码时使用的发射功率为P N，P N小于终端设备的最大发射功率P MAX，则终端设备可以将P N+P S作为第一次发送msg1的发射功率。其中，P S为功率攀升的步长，并且，P S为正数。
又例如，最后一次(第N次)发送msgA中的前导码时使用的发射功率为P N，若P N等于终端设备的最大发射功率P MAX，或者，若P N+P S大于P MAX，则终端设备可以将P N作为第一次发送msg1的发射功率。其中，P S为功率攀升的步长，并且，P S为正数。
又例如，终端设备可以将初始发射功率PREAMBLE_RECEIVED_TARGET_POWER+DELTA_PREAMBLE作为第一次发送msg1的发射功率，其中，PREAMBLE_RECEIVED_TARGET_POWER与DELTA_PREAMBLE为两个功率值，DELTA_PREAMBLE与msg1中的前导码的长度有关。
终端设备发送msg1之后，可以按照图2所示的方法进行后续的4步随机接入过程。随机接入成功后，终端设备可以将所述计数器设置为初始值。
可选地，方法600还包括：
当第二类随机接入消息所属的随机接入过程失败时，并且，当计数器记录的传输次数大于或等于K时，向高层上报随机接入问题，其中，K为第一类随机接入消息和第二类随机接入消息的最大传输次数，K为正整数。
当出现以下情况中的一种时，终端设备可以确定4步随机接入过程失败。
终端设备在RAR窗口超时前未收到正确的RAR。
终端设备在竞争解决定时器超时前未收到正确的竞争解决消息。
上述两种情况仅是随机接入过程失败的两个示例，终端设备可以根据其它情况确定第二类随机接入消息所属的随机接入过程失败。
4步随机接入过程失败后，若计数器记录的传输次数小于K，则终端设备可以重传msg1，同时，计数器记录的传输次数加1；若计数器记录的传输次数大于或等于K，则终端设备可以停止随机结果过程，并且向高层上报随机接入问题(random access problem)，例如，可以根据随机接入失败的具体原因选择对应的原因值至高层，以便于高层采取相应的措施。
需要注意的是，本发明并不限于两步随机接入过程回退至四步随机接入过程，而是可以应用于不同类型的随机接入过程间的切换，上述各实施方式仅出于说明的目的示出，而不旨在限制。
上文详细介绍了本申请提供的随机接入的方法的示例。可以理解的是，随机接入的装置为了实现上述功能，其包含了执行各个功能相应的硬件结构和/或软件模块。本领域技术人员应该很容易意识到，结合本文中所公开的实施例描述的各示例的单元及算法步骤，本申请能够以硬件或硬件和计算机软件的结合形式来实现。某个功能究竟以硬件还是计算机软件驱动硬件的方式来执行，取决于技术方案的特定应用和设计约束条件。专业技术人员可以对每个特定的应用来使用不同方法来实现所描述的功能，但是这种实现不应认为超出本申请的范围。
本申请可以根据上述方法示例对随机接入的装置进行功能单元的划分，例如，可以将各个功能划分为各个功能单元，也可以将两个或两个以上的功能集成在一个处理单元中。上述集成的单元既可以采用硬件的形式实现，也可以采用软件功能单元的形式实现。需要说明的是，本申请中对单元的划分是示意性的，仅仅为一种逻辑功能划分，实际实现时可以有另外的划分方式。
图7是本申请提供的一种随机接入的装置的结构示意图。该装置700包括处理单元710和发送单元720，发送单元720能够在处理单元710的控制下执行发送步骤。
发送单元720可以用于：发送第一类随机接入消息，所述第一类随机接入消息包括前导码和载荷；当所述第一类随机接入消息所属的随机接入过程失败时，并且，当计数器记录的传输次数达到N时，发送第二类随机接入消息，其中，所述计数器用于记录所述第一类随机接入消息和所述第二类随机接入消息的传输次数，N为正整数。
可选地，处理单元710还用于：当所述第二类随机接入消息所属的随机接入过程失 败时，并且，当所述计数器记录的传输次数大于或等于K时，向高层上报随机接入问题，其中，K为所述第一类随机接入消息和所述第二类随机接入消息的最大传输次数，K为正整数。
可选地，所述第二类随机接入消息中前导码的发射功率大于或等于所述第一类随机接入消息中的前导码在第N次传输时的发射功率。
可选地，所述第二类随机接入消息中前导码的发射功率等于所述第一类随机接入消息中前导码的初始发射功率。
可选地，处理单元710还用于：根据所述前导码的长度确定所述初始发射功率。
可选地，处理单元710还用于：在发送所述第二类随机接入消息之前将所述计数器设置为初始值。
可选地，处理单元710还用于：随机接入成功后，将所述计数器设置为初始值。
图8示出了本申请提供的一种终端设备的结构示意图。图8中的虚线表示该单元或该模块为可选的。设备800可用于实现上述方法实施例中描述的方法。设备800可以是终端设备或芯片。
设备800包括一个或多个处理器801，该一个或多个处理器801可支持设备800实现图2至图6所对应方法实施例中的方法。处理器801可以是通用处理器或者专用处理器。例如，处理器801可以是中央处理器(central processing unit，CPU)。CPU可以用于对设备800进行控制，执行软件程序，处理软件程序的数据。设备800还可以包括通信单元805，用以实现信号的输入(接收)和输出(发送)。
例如，设备800可以是芯片，通信单元805可以是该芯片的输入和/或输出电路，或者，通信单元805可以是该芯片的通信接口，该芯片可以作为终端设备或网络设备或其它无线通信设备的组成部分。
又例如，设备800可以是终端设备，通信单元805可以是该终端设备的收发器，或者，通信单元805可以是该终端设备的收发电路。
设备800中可以包括一个或多个存储器802，其上存有程序804，程序804可被处理器801运行，生成指令803，使得处理器801根据指令803执行上述方法实施例中描述的方法。可选地，存储器802中还可以存储有数据。可选地，处理器801还可以读取存储器802中存储的数据，该数据可以与程序804存储在相同的存储地址，该数据也可以与程序804存储在不同的存储地址。
处理器801和存储器802可以单独设置，也可以集成在一起，例如，集成在终端设备的系统级芯片(system on chip，SOC)上。
设备800还可以包括天线806。通信单元805用于通过天线806实现设备800的收发功能。
处理器801执行随机接入的方法的具体方式可以参见方法实施例中的相关描述。
应理解，上述方法实施例的各步骤可以通过处理器801中的硬件形式的逻辑电路或者软件形式的指令完成。处理器801可以是CPU、数字信号处理器(digital signal processor， DSP)、专用集成电路(application specific integrated circuit，ASIC)、现场可编程门阵列(field programmable gate array，FPGA)或者其它可编程逻辑器件，例如，分立门、晶体管逻辑器件或分立硬件组件。
本申请还提供了一种计算机程序产品，该计算机程序产品被处理器801执行时实现本申请中任一方法实施例所述的方法。
该计算机程序产品可以存储在存储器802中，例如是程序804，程序804经过预处理、编译、汇编和链接等处理过程最终被转换为能够被处理器801执行的可执行目标文件。
本申请还提供了一种计算机可读存储介质，其上存储有计算机程序，该计算机程序被计算机执行时实现本申请中任一方法实施例所述的方法。该计算机程序可以是高级语言程序，也可以是可执行目标程序。
该计算机可读存储介质例如是存储器802。存储器802可以是易失性存储器或非易失性存储器，或者，存储器802可以同时包括易失性存储器和非易失性存储器。其中，非易失性存储器可以是只读存储器(read-only memory，ROM)、可编程只读存储器(programmable ROM，PROM)、可擦除可编程只读存储器(erasable PROM，EPROM)、电可擦除可编程只读存储器(electrically EPROM，EEPROM)或闪存。易失性存储器可以是随机存取存储器(random access memory，RAM)，其用作外部高速缓存。通过示例性但不是限制性说明，许多形式的RAM可用，例如静态随机存取存储器(static RAM，SRAM)、动态随机存取存储器(dynamic RAM，DRAM)、同步动态随机存取存储器(synchronous DRAM，SDRAM)、双倍数据速率同步动态随机存取存储器(double data rate SDRAM，DDR SDRAM)、增强型同步动态随机存取存储器(enhanced SDRAM，ESDRAM)、同步连接动态随机存取存储器(synchlink DRAM，SLDRAM)和直接内存总线随机存取存储器(direct rambus RAM，DR RAM)。
本领域的技术人员可以清楚地了解到，为了描述的方便和简洁，上述描述的装置和设备的具体工作过程以及产生的技术效果，可以参考前述方法实施例中对应的过程和技术效果，在此不再赘述。
在本申请所提供的几个实施例中，所揭露的系统、装置和方法，可以通过其它的方式实现。例如，以上所描述的方法实施例的一些特征可以忽略，或不执行。以上所描述的装置实施例仅仅是示意性的，单元的划分，仅仅为一种逻辑功能划分，实际实现时可以有另外的划分方式，多个单元或组件可以结合或者可以集成到另一个系统。另外，各单元之间的耦合或各个组件之间的耦合可以是直接耦合，也可以是间接耦合，上述耦合包括电的、机械的或其它形式的连接。
应理解，在本申请的各种实施例中，各过程的序号的大小并不意味着执行顺序的先后，各过程的执行顺序应以其功能和内在逻辑确定，而不应对本申请的实施例的实施过程构成任何限定。
另外，本文中术语“系统”和“网络”在本文中常被可互换使用。本文中的术语“和/或”，仅仅是一种描述关联对象的关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系，例如，A和/或B，可以 表示：单独存在A，同时存在A和B，单独存在B这三种情况。另外，本文中字符“/”，一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。
总之，以上所述仅为本申请技术方案的较佳实施例而已，并非用于限定本申请的保护范围。凡在本申请的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本申请的保护范围之内。

Claims (23)

  1. 一种随机接入的方法，其特征在于，包括：
    在第一随机接入过程中用于记录包含前导码的随机接入消息的传输次数的计数器的值达到N时终端设备仍未成功接入的情况下，所述终端设备从所述第一随机接入过程切换到第二随机接入过程，其中，所述计数器还用于对所述第二随机接入过程中包含前导码的随机接入消息的传输次数进行计数，N为正整数。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，在所述第二随机接入过程中，在所述终端设备传输第一条包含前导码的随机接入消息后，所述计数器的值为N+1。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括：
    在所述第二随机接入过程中，在所述终端设备传输第一条包含前导码的随机接入消息后，所述计数器的值被设置为1。
  4. 根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括：
    在所述计数器继续对所述第二随机接入过程中包含前导码的随机接入消息的传输次数进行计数的过程中，当所述计数器记录的传输次数大于或等于K时，所述第二随机接入过程失败，所述终端设备向高层上报随机接入问题，其中，K为正整数。
  5. 根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，在所述第二随机接入过程中，第一次传输的前导码的发射功率大于或等于所述第一随机接入过程中的前导码在第N次传输时的发射功率。
  6. 根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，在所述第二随机接入过程中，第一次传输的前导码的发射功率等于所述第一随机接入过程中前导码的初始发射功率。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括：
    根据所述前导码的长度确定所述初始发射功率。
  8. 根据根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括：
    随机接入成功后，所述计数器被设置为初始值。
  9. 根据根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一随机过程为两步随机接入过程，所述第二随机接入过程为四步随机接入过程。
  10. 一种随机接入的装置，其特征在于，包括处理单元，所述处理单元用于执行：
    在第一随机接入过程中用于记录包含前导码的随机接入消息的传输次数的计数器的值达到N时终端设备仍未成功接入的情况下，从所述第一随机接入过程切换到第二随机接入过程，其中，所述计数器还用于对所述第二随机接入过程中包含前导码的随机接入消息的传输次数进行计数，N为正整数。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的装置，其特征在于，在所述第二随机接入过程中，在传输第一条包含前导码的随机接入消息后，所述计数器的值为N+1。
  12. 根据权利要求10所述的装置，其特征在于，所述处理单元还用于：
    在所述第二随机接入过程中，在传输第一条包含前导码的随机接入消息后，将所述 计数器设置为1。
  13. 根据权利要求10至12中任一项所述的装置，其特征在于，所述处理单元还用于：
    在所述计数器继续对所述第二随机接入过程中包含前导码的随机接入消息的传输次数进行计数的过程中，当所述计数器记录的传输次数大于或等于K时，确定所述第二随机接入过程失败，向高层上报随机接入问题，其中，K为正整数。
  14. 根据权利要求10至13中任一项所述的装置，其特征在于，在所述第二随机接入过程中，第一次传输的前导码的发射功率大于或等于所述第一随机接入过程中的前导码在第N次传输时的发射功率。
  15. 根据权利要求10至13中任一项所述的装置，其特征在于，在所述第二随机接入过程中，第一次传输的前导码的发射功率等于所述第一随机接入过程中前导码的初始发射功率。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的装置，其特征在于，所述处理单元还用于：
    根据所述前导码的长度确定所述初始发射功率。
  17. 根据根据权利要求10至16中任一项所述的装置，其特征在于，所述处理单元还用于：
    随机接入成功后，将所述计数器设置为初始值。
  18. 根据根据权利要求10至17中任一项所述的装置，其特征在于，所述第一随机过程为两步随机接入过程，所述第二随机接入过程为四步随机接入过程。
  19. 一种终端设备，其特征在于，包括：处理器和存储器，所述存储器用于存储计算机程序，所述处理器用于调用并运行所述存储器中存储的计算机程序，执行如权利要求1至9中任一项所述的方法。
  20. 一种芯片，其特征在于，包括：处理器，用于从存储器中调用并运行计算机程序，使得安装有所述芯片的设备执行：如权利要求1至9中任一项所述的方法。
  21. 一种计算机可读存储介质，其特征在于，用于存储计算机程序，所述计算机程序使得计算机执行：如权利要求1至9中任一项所述的方法。
  22. 一种计算机程序产品，其特征在于，包括计算机程序指令，该计算机程序指令使得计算机执行：如权利要求1至9中任一项所述的方法。
  23. 一种计算机程序，其特征在于，所述计算机程序使得计算机执行如权利要求1中9中任一项所述的方法。
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