WO2020118776A1

WO2020118776A1 - True three-dimensional physical model testing system for simulating burst water disaster in deep cavern

Info

Publication number: WO2020118776A1
Application number: PCT/CN2018/124141
Authority: WO
Inventors: 张强勇; 张振杰; 李术才; 段抗; 向文; 王汉鹏; 刘传成; 李帆; 任明洋; 张岳; 丁炎志; 余光远
Original assignee: 山东大学
Priority date: 2018-12-11
Filing date: 2018-12-27
Publication date: 2020-06-18
Also published as: CN109377849A

Abstract

A true three-dimensional physical model testing system for simulating a burst water disaster in a deep cavern, comprising a box-type sealed loading reaction device (1), an ultra-high-pressure true three-dimensional loading system (2), a servo control high-permeability hydraulic loading system (3), a tilt geological structure manufacturing system (4), a model cavern automatic excavation system (5), and a model comprehensive testing and analysis system (6). The box-type sealed loading reaction device (1) serves as a model test loading reaction device and is used for accommodating a model body (62) and a high-pressure water body (63); the ultra-high-pressure true three-dimensional loading system (2) performs ultra-high-pressure true three-dimensional loading; the servo control high-permeability hydraulic loading system (3) performs high-permeability hydraulic automatic loading; the tilt geological structure manufacturing system (4) is used for manufacturing the model body (62) containing a tilt geological structure therein; the model cavern automatic excavation system (5) is used for automatically excavating a model cavern; and the model comprehensive testing and analysis system (6) automatically acquires model test data and stores the model test data quickly. The true three-dimensional physical model testing system for simulating a burst water disaster in a deep cavern has wide application prospects in simulating burst water geological disasters in hydropower, transportation, energy, and deep caverns in mines.

Description

A true three-dimensional physical model test system for simulating water inrush disaster in deep caves

Technical field

The invention relates to a true three-dimensional physical model test system for simulating a deep cavern water surge disaster used in the fields of hydropower, transportation, energy and mining engineering.

Background technique

With the rapid development of society and economy, China has developed into a country with the largest number of tunnels and underground projects, the largest scale, the most complicated geological conditions, and the most diverse structural forms in the world. In recent years, the construction of deep tunnels such as diversion tunnels, traffic tunnels and mine tunnels in China’s hydropower has developed vigorously, and the construction center has shifted to the western mountainous regions and karst regions with complex geological conditions. Deep caves (traffic tunnels, diversion tunnels, mine tunnels, etc.) have frequent disasters during the construction process, forming hidden and sudden large geological disasters such as water inrush, mud gushing, and landslides. The location, scale, and dynamic characteristics of disasters It is difficult to predict accurately, and often brings serious harm to the construction of underground projects, ranging from major economic losses such as submerged caverns and wrecked machinery, and serious casualties. Therefore, in-depth research on the mechanism of geological disasters caused by geological disasters in deep caverns under the coupling of high in-situ stress and high permeability hydraulic pressure is of great importance to effectively prevent catastrophic accidents and ensure the safety and operation stability of deep caverns. Theoretical significance and engineering application value. In the face of deep cavern engineering, traditional theoretical methods are incompetent, numerical simulation is difficult, on-site in-situ test conditions are limited and expensive. In contrast, physical model testing has become an in-depth study of deep engineering due to its image, intuitiveness and real characteristics Important means. Different from MTS research on the mechanical properties of cores, physical model testing is a physical simulation method that uses a reduced-scale model to study the excavation process and deformation and failure characteristics of caverns based on similar principles. For the discovery of new phenomena, new laws, new mechanisms, and verification The new theory has an important role that theoretical analysis and numerical simulation cannot replace. Therefore, the physical model test has also become an important means to study the occurrence mechanism and conditions of the water inrush disaster in deep caverns. To carry out the physical model test of the water inrush disaster in deep caverns under the coupling of high ground stress and high osmotic pressure, it is necessary to have the corresponding physical Physical model test system. The current research status of the physical model test system is as follows:

(1) "Water" No. 9 of 2018 introduced a model test system that can simulate the process of cavity water inrush, but it can not realize the coupled loading of true three-dimensional high ground stress and high permeability pressure, nor can it simulate the slope of geological structures. Influence and automatic excavation process of model caves.

(2) "International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences" Volume 94, 2017 introduces a model test system that can simulate the long-term stable operation of gas storage groups in deep layered salt rock formations, but the system cannot simulate high in-situ stress The coupling effect of the field and the high-permeability flow field cannot prepare inclined geological structures, and cannot simulate the automatic excavation process of the model cave.

(3) "Energies" 2017 No. 6 introduced an intelligent numerical control ultra-high pressure loading model test system, which can simulate the collapse failure process of deep buried caverns, but the system cannot simulate the coupling of high in-situ stress field and high seepage field It is impossible to prepare inclined geological structures and simulate the automatic excavation process of model caves.

(4) "Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology" Volume 62 of 2017 introduces a three-axis model test system that can simulate the fluid-solid effect. The system is developed with an indoor three-axis testing machine as a template to achieve fluid-structure coupling loading, but The size of the model that can be accommodated by the device is small, and it cannot make inclined geological structures, nor can it simulate the automatic excavation process of model caves.

(5) "Procedia Engineering" 2016 Volume 166 introduces a tunnel lining stress simulation model test system, which uses water pressure to simulate the effect of water pressure on the lining, but the system cannot perform the coupled loading of true three-dimensional high in-situ stress and high permeability pressure It is impossible to prepare inclined geological structures, and it is impossible to simulate the automatic excavation process of model caves.

(7) "Journal of Geotechnical Engineering" 2018 No. 5 introduces a model test system that can simulate the water inrush effect of concealed karst cave, but the system can only carry out plane strain test, and cannot carry out the coupling loading of high in-situ stress and high osmotic pressure The true three-dimensional test, and can not make inclined geological structure, nor can it simulate the automatic excavation process of the model cave.

(8) "Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering" No. 5 of 2013 introduced a fluid-solid coupling model test system for submarine tunnels, consisting of a steel structure frame, a tempered glass test chamber and a high permeability pressure loading device, which can carry out plane stress and Plane strain model test, but the system cannot carry out true three-dimensional test of coupled loading of high in-situ stress and high osmotic pressure, cannot make inclined geological structures, nor can it simulate the automatic excavation process of model caves.

(9) "Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering" 2009 No. 4 introduced a physical model test system that can simulate the penetration of deep caverns, and designed an automatic water supply device and a discrete flower tube seepage device, but the system cannot be simulated The true three-dimensional high ground stress loading process cannot make inclined geological structures, nor can it simulate the automatic excavation process of model caves.

In summary, the current physical model test systems at home and abroad have the following problems:

(1) The model test systems at home and abroad are mainly based on plane loading and quasi three-dimensional loading, and rarely carry out true three-dimensional loading tests that couple high ground stress and high osmotic pressure;

(2) Model tests at home and abroad have not yet been able to simulate the process of water inrush in deep caves due to the coupling effect of high in-situ stress field and high seepage field;

(3) Most of the domestic and foreign model tests are mainly made of homogeneous materials, and less consideration of the impact of complex inclined geological structures;

(4) Most of the domestic and foreign model test caves are mainly manual excavation, and it is difficult to simulate the automatic excavation process of caves of different shapes and sizes.

Summary of the invention

In order to overcome the above-mentioned shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention develops a true three-dimensional physical model test system for simulating water inrush disasters in deep caves.

The purpose of the present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:

A true three-dimensional physical model test system for simulating water inrush disasters in deep caverns, which is mainly composed of a box-type sealed loading reaction force device, an ultra-high pressure true three-dimensional loading system, a servo-controlled high-permeability hydraulic loading system, an inclined geological structure production system, and a model The cavern automatic excavation system and model comprehensive test and analysis system are composed;

The cassette-type sealing loading reaction force device is used as a reaction force device for model test loading and is used to accommodate the test model body and high-pressure water body;

The ultra-high pressure true three-dimensional loading system performs ultra-high pressure true three-dimensional loading on the test model body by controlling the hydraulic jacks;

The servo-controlled high-osmosis water pressure loading system is used to automatically load the test model body with high-osmosis water pressure;

The inclined geological structure production system is used to prepare a model body with an inclined geological structure;

The model cavity automatic excavation system is used to excavate model cavity of different shapes and sizes on the test model body;

The model comprehensive test and analysis system automatically collects the displacement, stress, high permeation pressure and percolation flow test data of any part inside the model body and quickly stores it.

Further, the box-type sealed loading reaction force device is mainly composed of a steel top beam reaction force wall module, a bottom beam reaction force wall module, a left reaction force wall module, a right reaction force wall module, a front reaction force wall module and The rear reaction wall module is assembled by high-strength bolt connection, which is mainly used as a reaction force device loaded in the model test and used to accommodate the model body and high-pressure water body; each reaction wall module adopts a box structure with high rigidity, using a thickness of 40mm Made of high-strength steel plate, the external dimension length, width and height of the box-type sealing load reaction device are 3.2m, and the internal dimension length, width and height are 2.0m.

Further, a sealing groove is provided at the surface-to-surface contact of each reaction force wall module, and a rubber sealing gasket is installed in the groove.

Further, in order to ensure that the test model body is not disturbed by adjacent loading in all directions during the true three-dimensional loading process, a three-dimensional guide frame device is provided inside the box-type sealed loading reaction force device. The three-dimensional guide frame device consists of 12 cross-sectional dimensions The stainless steel square tube of 200mm×200mm is assembled by high-strength bolt connection. Before the model test is loaded, the model loading steel plate adheres to the surface of the model body and is embedded in the 3D guide frame device to a certain depth.

Further, a closed excavation window is provided in the middle of the front reaction wall module, and the closed excavation window is mainly composed of a tempered glass plate, a cavity excavation window, a steel hollow water-retaining shell and a water-retaining steel plate at the opening. According to the size of the model test excavation cavity, a cavity excavation window is set in the center of the tempered glass plate, and a steel hollow water-retaining shell is installed along the center of the excavation window. The steel hollow water-repellent shell is the same size as the excavation cavity And extend into the cave to insert a certain depth inside the model body to prevent the water body from flowing out during the excavation of the cave to ensure the stability of high permeation pressure. A rubber sealing gasket is placed between the steel hollow water-repellent shell and the tempered glass plate, and the water-repellent steel plate at the opening covers the excavation window of the cave to form a closed cavity.

Further, the ultra-high pressure true three-dimensional loading system is composed of an oil tank, a high-pressure oil pipe, a driving device, an oil pressure regulator, a pressure monitor, a hydraulic controller, a hydraulic jack, and a loading steel plate. The oil tank is used to hold hydraulic oil, the driving device is used to pump the hydraulic oil in the oil tank into the high-pressure oil pipe, the oil pressure regulator is used to control the size and stability of the oil pressure, the pressure monitor is used to monitor the oil pressure, and the hydraulic controller is used to The control drive device and the oil pressure regulator work together. The hydraulic jack is embedded in the reaction force wall module. The front end of the jack is installed with a loaded steel plate and closely adheres to the test model body. The upper and lower loading surfaces of the test model body are closely attached to a loading steel plate, and the front, rear, left and right sides of the test model body are closely attached to the three loading steel plates from top to bottom, using an ultra-high pressure true three-dimensional loading system and a box seal loading reaction force device The load of the hydraulic jack can be evenly transferred to the loading steel plate and then applied to the model body to achieve true three-dimensional non-uniform loading of the model test.

Further, the servo-controlled high-osmosis water pressure loading system is mainly composed of a water tank, an automatic frequency conversion water pump, a high-osmosis pressure flow meter, a high-osmosis pressure regulator, a high-osmosis pressure controller, and a high-pressure water pipe. The water tank is used to carry high-pressure water, the automatic frequency conversion water pump is used to pump the water in the tank into the box-type sealed loading reaction force device, the high osmotic pressure flowmeter is used to monitor the output water volume and water pressure, and the high osmotic pressure regulator is used to control the high The osmotic pressure is large and stable. The high osmotic pressure controller is used to control the automatic frequency conversion water pump and the high osmotic pressure regulator to work together. The high pressure water pipe connects the water tank, automatic frequency conversion water pump, high osmotic pressure flow meter and high osmotic pressure regulator in series The passage is loaded with high water pressure.

Further, the servo-controlled high-osmotic water pressure loading system loads the model body with high-osmotic pressure through a box-type sealing loading reaction force device, where the top high-osmotic pressure is loaded according to σ _{w top} = γh _top , then the bottom high-osmotic pressure is σ _{w bottom} =γ(h _top +△h), h _top is the depth of the groundwater level at the _top of the model, γ is the bulk density of the water body, and Δh is the height of the test model body. The model body is saturated inside the box-type sealed loading reaction force device and forms a gradient high osmotic pressure, thereby achieving high osmotic pressure loading that varies with depth.

Further, the inclined geological structure making system includes a supporting rotating device, a material accommodating device and a material compacting device. The supporting rotating device is used to adjust the inclination angle of the material accommodating device, the material accommodating device is used to fill the model body containing the inclined geological structure, and the material compacting device is used to compact the model material for filling.

Specifically, the supporting and rotating device includes a hinge bracket, a rotatable double-section jack and a bottom plate. Four sets of hinge brackets fix the rear end of the bottom beam reaction wall module to the bottom plate. The rotating double-section jacks are connected by a connecting piece, and the tilting angle of the material receiving device is adjusted through the elongation and retraction of the rotatable double-section jacks to prepare various inclined geological structures. The material accommodating device is composed of a combination of reaction wall modules, and the amount of model materials to be filled is controlled by increasing and deleting the number of reaction wall modules. The material compaction device includes a material compaction reaction frame, a compaction jack, a steel pressure ring and a steel compression plate. A material compaction reaction frame is provided outside the model reaction force device, the bottom of which is fixed to the ground and the rear end of the compaction jack It is fixed on the material compaction reaction force frame, and the compaction of the model material is carried out by compacting the jack and the steel compression ring and steel compression plate placed at the front end of the jack.

Specifically, according to the inclined geological structure to be prepared, first, the material accommodating device is rotated and lifted to a certain height by a rotatable double-section jack, and then a certain thickness of model material is filled into the material accommodating device, and then the material compacting device is used to separate the layers Real model materials, until the completion of the production of the entire test model body, and finally retract the rotatable two-section jack to return the model reaction force device to the horizontal state, thus making the model body containing the inclined geological structure.

Further, the model cavity automatic excavation system is mainly composed of a cutter head excavation device, cutter head rotation drive device, cutter head advance drive device, dust removal device, support frame and excavation control device; cutter head excavation device It is installed at the front end of the cutter head rotary drive device for excavating and cutting the model body. The cutter head rotary drive device is used to provide the rotary cutting force of the cutter head excavation device. The cutter head advance drive device is used to provide the cutter head excavation device The power of digging, the dust removal device is used to remove the model material of the excavation and cutting, the support frame is used to support the entire excavation system, the excavation control device is used to control the rotation speed of the cutter head rotary drive device and the step speed of the cutter head advance drive device .

Specifically, the cutter head excavation device is composed of a cavity profiled cutter shell, a rotating cutting blade and a dust outlet. The cavity profiled knife shell is manufactured according to the shape and size of the excavated cavity. The rotating cutting blade is fixed in the middle of the cavity profiled knife shell and is connected to the cutter head rotary drive device for rotating the cutting model body. The rotary cutting blade can be freely It is retractable and closely adheres to the inner wall of the cave to excavate model caves of different shapes and sizes. The dust outlet is provided on the contoured knife shell of the cave and is used to scrap the excavated materials. Transport outside the device.

Specifically, the automatic excavation process of the cavity is: starting the cutter head rotation driving device and the cutter head forward driving device through the excavation control device, and the cutter head rotation driving device drives the rotating cutting blade to rotate along the inner wall of the cave through the rotation driving link The cutter head forward drive device drives the cutter head rotary drive device forward through the screw drive connecting rod, and drives the cutter head excavation device forward, thereby completing the excavation of the model cavity.

Further, the model comprehensive test and analysis system is mainly composed of a waterproof optical fiber displacement sensor, a waterproof stress sensor, a waterproof optical fiber high permeability pressure sensor, a flow monitor, and a data processing software system; the waterproof optical fiber displacement sensor is used to monitor any arbitrary inside the model body The displacement of the part, the waterproof stress sensor is used to monitor the stress of any part inside the model body, the waterproof optical fiber high permeability pressure sensor is used to monitor the high permeability pressure of any part inside the model body, and the flow monitor is used to monitor the amount of water seepage after the excavation of the cave The data processing software system processes, stores and displays the measured model test data in real time and automatically generates relevant time-history change curves.

The present invention has the following significant technical advantages:

(1) In the present invention, the hydraulic jacks are all embedded on the box-type sealing loading reaction force device, which changes the technical defect of installing the hydraulic jack inside the loading reaction force device in the existing physical model test system, which greatly saves the loading reaction force device The internal space of the test model body is conducive to the installation, disassembly and maintenance of the hydraulic jack, and is more conducive to ensuring the tightness of the model loading reaction force device.

(2) The invention can carry out ultra-high pressure true three-dimensional loading and high permeability hydraulic pressure loading under the action of fluid-solid coupling, and can accurately simulate the nonlinear deformation and failure process of deep cavern excavation under the coupling action of high in-situ stress and high permeability pressure to solve The technical problem of the existing multi-field coupled physical model test system can only be low pressure and uniform loading.

(3) The present invention can prepare inclined geological structures with arbitrary inclination angles and thicknesses, and can simulate the formation and evolution of geological disasters in deep caverns under complex geological conditions.

(4) The present invention can automatically excavate model caves of different shapes and sizes, which solves the technical problem that the current model test caves mostly rely on manual excavation and cause large excavation errors and low accuracy.

(5) The present invention has broad application prospects in simulating hydropower, transportation, energy, and geological disasters of water burst in deep caverns of mines.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION

The drawings of the description forming part of this application are used to provide a further understanding of this application. The schematic embodiments and descriptions of this application are used to explain this application, and do not constitute an undue limitation on this application.

1 is a schematic plan view of the overall structure of the present invention;

2 is a diagram of the overall three-dimensional design of the box-type sealing loading reaction force device of the present invention;

3 is a front view of the box-type sealing loading reaction force device of the present invention;

4 is a side view of the box-type sealing loading reaction force device of the present invention;

5 is a top view of the box-type sealing loading reaction force device of the present invention;

6 is a diagram of the internal structure of the box-type sealed loading reaction force device of the present invention;

7(a), 7(b) and 7(c) are diagrams of closed excavation windows of the present invention;

8 is a schematic view of the installation of a closed excavation window of the present invention;

9 is an internal schematic diagram of the ultra-high pressure true three-dimensional loading system of the present invention;

10 is an external schematic diagram of the ultra-high pressure true three-dimensional loading system of the present invention;

11 is a schematic diagram of a servo-controlled high-osmotic water pressure loading system of the present invention;

12 is a schematic diagram of a system for making inclined geological structures of the present invention;

13(a), 13(b), and 13(c) are schematic diagrams of the inclined geological structure of the present invention;

14 is a schematic plan view of an automatic excavation system for model caves of the present invention;

15 is an overall schematic view of the model cave automatic excavation system of the present invention;

16 is a schematic diagram of the model comprehensive test and analysis system of the present invention;

FIG. 17 is a flow chart of conducting experiments using the present invention;

Figure 18 is a schematic diagram of a model body containing inclined geological structures;

FIG. 19 is a schematic diagram of simulation excavation of a model cave using the present invention;

Figure 20 is a schematic diagram of water inrush disaster during excavation;

Among them: 1. Box-type sealed loading reaction force device, 2. Ultra-high pressure true three-dimensional loading system, 3. Servo-controlled high-permeability hydraulic loading system, 4. Inclined geological structure production system, 5. Model cave automatic excavation system, 6. Model comprehensive test and analysis system, 7. Top beam reaction wall module, 8. Bottom beam reaction wall module, 9. Left reaction wall module, 10. Right reaction wall module, 11. Front reaction wall module, 12. Rear reaction wall module, 13. Sealing groove, 14 rubber sealing washer, 15. High strength bolt, 16. Three-dimensional guide frame device, 17. Loading steel plate, 18. Closed excavation window, 19. Tempered glass plate, 20. Excavation window in the cave, 21. Steel hollow water-repellent shell, 22. Water-repellent steel plate at the opening, 23. Oil tank, 24. High-pressure oil pipe, 25. Drive device, 26. Oil pressure regulator, 27. Pressure monitor, 28 .Hydraulic controller, 29. Hydraulic jack, 30. Water tank, 31. Automatic frequency conversion water pump, 32. High osmotic pressure flow meter, 33. High osmotic pressure regulator, 34. High osmotic pressure controller, 35. High pressure water pipe, 36 .Support rotating device, 37. Material receiving device, 38. Material compaction device, 39. Hinge bracket, 40. Rotatable double-section jack, 41. Base plate, 42. Material compaction reaction force frame, 43. Compaction jack, 44. Steel pressure ring, 45. Steel pressure plate, 46. cutter head excavation device, 47 cutter head rotation drive device, 48. cutter head advance drive device, 49. dust removal device, 50. support frame, 51. excavation Control device, 52. Cavity profile knife shell, 53. Rotary cutting blade, 54. Dust hole, 55. Rotary drive link, 56. Screw drive link, 57. Waterproof optical fiber displacement sensor, 58. Waterproof stress sensor , 59. Waterproof optical fiber high permeability pressure sensor, 60. Flow monitor, 61. Data processing software system, 62. Model body, 63. High pressure water body.

detailed description

It should be noted that the following detailed descriptions are illustrative and are intended to provide further explanations of this application. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those of ordinary skill in the technical field to which this application belongs.

It should be noted that the terminology used herein is only for describing specific embodiments, and is not intended to limit exemplary embodiments according to the present application. As used herein, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the singular form is also intended to include the plural form. In addition, it should also be understood that when the terms "comprising" and/or "including" are used in this specification, they indicate There are features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof.

For convenience of description, the words "front", "rear", "left" and "right" appear in the present invention, which only indicate the direction of the front, back, left, and right of the drawing itself, and do not limit the structure, just In order to facilitate the description of the present invention and simplify the description, it does not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be construed as limiting the present invention.

The present invention is further described below with reference to the drawings and embodiments.

As shown in Figure 1, a true three-dimensional physical model test system for simulating the water inrush disaster in deep caves is mainly composed of a box-type seal loading reaction force device 1, an ultra-high pressure true three-dimensional loading system 2, and a servo-controlled high-permeability hydraulic loading system 3. Slope geological structure production system 4, model cave automatic excavation system 5 and model comprehensive test and analysis system 6 The box-type sealed loading reaction force device 1 is used as a reaction force device for model test loading and is used to accommodate the model body 62 and the high-pressure water body 63. The ultra-high pressure true three-dimensional loading system 2 controls the hydraulic jack 29 to test the model body Ultra-high pressure true three-dimensional loading, the servo-controlled high-permeability water pressure loading system 3 is used to automatically load the test model body with high-permeability water pressure, and the inclined geological structure making system 4 prepares a model with an embedded inclined geological structure Body 62, the model cavity automatic excavation system 5 is used to excavate model cavity of different shapes and sizes, and the model comprehensive test and analysis system 6 automatically collects the displacement, stress, height of any part inside the model body 62 The osmotic pressure and osmotic flow test data are stored quickly.

As shown in FIGS. 2 to 5, the box-type sealed loading reaction force device 1 is mainly composed of a steel top beam reaction force wall module 7, a bottom beam reaction force wall module 8, a left reaction force wall module 9, and a right reaction The force wall module 10, the front reaction wall 11 module and the rear reaction wall module 12 are connected and combined by high-strength bolts 15. They are mainly used as the reaction force device loaded by the model test and are used to accommodate the model body 62 and the high-pressure water body 63. The force wall module adopts a box-type structure with high rigidity and is made of high-strength steel plate with a thickness of 40mm. The outer length, width and height of the box-type seal loading reaction force device 1 are 3.2m, and the inner length, width and height are 2.0m. A sealing groove 13 is provided at the surface-to-surface contact where each reaction wall module is connected, and a rubber sealing gasket 14 is installed in the groove.

As shown in FIG. 6, in order to ensure that the test model body is not disturbed by adjacent loading during the true three-dimensional loading process, a three-dimensional guide frame device 16 is provided on the inner wall of the box-type sealed loading reaction force device 1, and the three-dimensional guide frame device 16 is composed of 12 A stainless steel square tube with a cross-sectional size of 200 mm×200 mm is connected and combined by high-strength bolts 15. Before the model test is loaded, the model loading steel plate 17 closely adheres to the surface of the model body 62 and is embedded in the three-dimensional guide frame device 16 to a certain depth.

As shown in FIG. 3, FIG. 7 (a, b, c) and FIG. 8, a closed excavation window 18 is provided in the middle of the front reaction wall module 11, the closed excavation window 18 is mainly composed of a tempered glass plate 19, The excavation window 20 of the cave, the steel hollow water-repellent shell 21 and the water-repellent steel plate 22 at the entrance are composed. According to the size of the test excavation cavity, a cavity excavation window 20 is provided in the center of the tempered glass plate 19, and a steel hollow water-repellent shell 21 is installed along the center of the cavity excavation window 20. The steel hollow water-repellent shell 21 and the excavation The opening of the cave has the same size, and extends into the cave to insert a certain depth inside the model body 62 to prevent the water body from flowing out during the excavation of the cave to ensure the stability of the high penetration pressure. A rubber sealing gasket 14 is placed between the steel hollow water-repellent shell 21 and the tempered glass plate 19, and the water-repellent steel plate 22 at the opening covers the excavation window 20 of the cave to form a closed cavity.

As shown in FIGS. 9 and 10, the ultra-high pressure true three-dimensional loading system 2 is mainly composed of an oil tank 23, a high-pressure oil pipe 24, a driving device 25, an oil pressure regulator 26, a pressure monitor 27, a hydraulic controller 28, and a hydraulic jack 29 and loading steel plate 17. The oil tank 23 is used to contain hydraulic oil, the drive device 25 is used to pump the hydraulic oil in the oil tank 23 into the high-pressure oil pipe 24, the oil pressure regulator 26 is used to control the magnitude and stability of the oil pressure, and the pressure monitor 27 is used to monitor the oil The hydraulic pressure 28 is used to control the driving device 25 and the hydraulic pressure regulator 26 to work together. The hydraulic jack 29 is embedded in the reaction wall module. The loading steel plate 17 is installed at the top of the jack and closely adheres to the test model body. The upper and lower loading surfaces of the test model body are close to one loading steel plate 17, and the front, rear, left and right sides of the test model body are close to the three loading steel plates 17 from top to bottom, using the ultra-high pressure true three-dimensional loading system 2 and cassette seal loading The reaction force device 1 can evenly transmit the load of the hydraulic jack 29 to the loading steel plate 17 and then apply it to the model body 62 to achieve true three-dimensional non-uniform loading of the model test. Among them, the rated output of the ultra-high pressure true three-dimensional loading system 2 is 63.5MPa, the design output of each hydraulic jack 29 is 600KN, the cylinder diameter of the jack is 360mm, and the stroke of the jack piston is 150mm.

As shown in FIG. 11, the servo-controlled high-osmotic water pressure loading system 3 is mainly composed of a water tank 30, an automatic variable-frequency water pump 31, a high-osmotic pressure flow meter 32, a high-osmotic pressure regulator 33, a high-osmotic pressure controller 34 and a high pressure The water pipe 35 is composed. The water tank 30 is used to carry the high-pressure water body 63, the automatic frequency conversion water pump 31 is used to pump the water body in the water tank 30 into the box-type sealed loading reaction force device 1, and the high permeability pressure flow meter 32 is used to monitor the output water volume and water pressure, high permeability The pressure regulator 33 is used to control the high osmotic pressure and maintain its stability. The high osmotic pressure controller 34 is used to control the automatic variable frequency water pump 31 and the high osmotic pressure regulator 33 to work together. The high pressure water pipe 35 connects the water tank 30 and the automatic variable frequency water pump 31 3. The high osmotic pressure flowmeter 32 and the high osmotic pressure regulator 33 are connected in series to form a passage for high water pressure loading.

The servo-controlled high-osmotic water pressure loading system 3 performs high-osmotic pressure loading on the model body 62 by injecting a high-pressure water body 63 into the box-type sealed loading reaction force device 1, wherein the top high-osmotic pressure is loaded as σ _{w top} = γh _top , then the bottom The high osmotic pressure is σ _{w bottom} = γ (h _top + △ h), h _top is the depth of the groundwater level at the _top of the model, γ is the bulk density of the water body, and Δh is the height of the test model body. The model body 62 is saturated inside the box-shaped sealing loading reaction force device 1 and forms a gradient high osmotic pressure, thereby achieving high osmotic pressure loading that varies with depth. The servo-controlled high-osmosis water pressure loading system 3 can apply a high-osmosis water pressure of up to 50 MPa.

As shown in FIGS. 12 and 13 (a, b, c), the inclined geological structure making system 4 includes a supporting rotating device 36, a material accommodating device 37, and a material compacting device 38. The supporting rotating device 36 is used to adjust the inclination angle of the material accommodating device 37, the material accommodating device 37 is used to fill the model body 62 containing the inclined geological structure, and the material compacting device 38 is used to compact the model material to be filled.

The supporting and rotating device 36 includes a hinge bracket 39, a rotatable double-section jack 40 and a bottom plate 41. Four sets of hinge brackets 39 fix the rear end of the bottom beam reaction wall module 8 to the bottom plate 41, and the bottom beam reaction wall module 8 The front end of the is connected with four sets of rotatable double jacks 40 through connectors, and the tilt angle of the material accommodating device 37 is adjusted through the elongation and retraction of the rotatable double jacks 40 to prepare various inclined geological structures. The material accommodating device 37 is composed of a combination of reaction wall modules, and the amount of model material to be filled is controlled by increasing and deleting the number of reaction wall modules. The material compaction device 38 includes a material compaction reaction frame 42, a compaction jack 43, a steel pressure ring 44 and a steel compression plate 45. A material compaction reaction frame 42 is provided outside the model reaction force device, and its bottom is fixed to the ground The rear end of the compaction jack 43 is fixed to the material compaction reaction force frame 42, and the compacted jack 43 and the steel compression ring 44 and the steel compression plate 45 placed at the front end thereof are used to separate and compact the model material.

According to the inclined geological structure to be prepared, first, the material accommodating device 37 is rotated and raised to a certain height by the rotatable double-joint jack 40, and then a certain thickness of model material is filled into the material accommodating device 37, and then the material compacting device 38 is used for layering The model material is compacted until the entire test model body is completed, and finally the rotatable double-joint jack 40 is retracted to return the model reaction force device to the horizontal state, thereby manufacturing the model body 62 containing the inclined geological structure.

As shown in FIGS. 14 and 15, the model cavity automatic excavation system 5 is mainly composed of a cutter head excavation device 46, cutter head rotation drive device 47, cutter head advance drive device 48, dust removal device 49, support frame 50 and The excavation control device 51 is composed; the cutter head excavation device 46 is installed at the front end of the cutter head rotary drive device 47 for excavating and cutting the model body 62, and the cutter head rotary drive device 47 is used for providing rotary cutting of the cutter head excavation device 46 Force, the cutter head forward driving device 48 is used to provide the power of the cutter head excavation device 46 to advance the excavation, the dust removal device 49 is used to remove the excavated cutting model material, the support frame 50 is used to support the entire excavation system, excavation control The device 51 is used to control the rotation speed of the cutter head rotary drive device 47 and the step rate of the cutter head advance drive device 48.

As shown in FIG. 15, the cutter head excavation device 46 is composed of a cavity profiled cutter housing 52, a rotating cutting blade 53 and a dust outlet 54. The cavity profile cutter housing 52 is manufactured according to the shape and size of the excavated cavity, and the rotating cutting blade 53 is fixed in the middle of the cavity profile cutter housing 52, and is connected to the cutter head rotation driving device 47, and is used to rotate the cutting model body 62. The rotating cutting blade 53 can freely expand and contract and keep close to the inner wall of the cavity to excavate model cavity of different shapes and sizes. The dust outlet 54 is used to transport the excavated material debris to the outside of the device.

The automatic excavation process of the cavity is as follows: the excavation control device 51 activates the cutter head rotary drive device 47 and the cutter head advance drive device 48, and the cutter head rotary drive device 47 drives the rotary cutting blade 53 along the cave room through the rotation drive link 55 When the wall rotates, the cutter head forward drive device 48 drives the cutter head rotary drive device 47 forward through the screw drive link 56 and drives the cutter head excavation device 46 forward, thereby completing the excavation of the model cavity.

As shown in FIG. 16, the model comprehensive test and analysis system is mainly composed of a waterproof optical fiber displacement sensor 57, a waterproof stress sensor 58, a waterproof optical fiber high permeability pressure sensor 59, a flow monitor 60, and a data processing software system 61. The waterproof optical fiber displacement sensor 57 is used to monitor the displacement of any part inside the model body 62, the waterproof stress sensor 58 is used to monitor the stress of any part inside the model body 62, and the waterproof optical fiber high permeability pressure sensor 59 is used to monitor the height of any part inside the model body 62 Osmotic pressure, the flow monitor 60 is used to monitor the amount of water seepage after the excavation of the cave, and the data processing software system 61 processes the measured data accordingly, stores and displays in real time and automatically generates model displacement, stress, high osmotic pressure and flow Time history curve.

Using the present invention, a three-dimensional physical model test is carried out on the inrush water of a large deep-buried diversion tunnel with a buried depth of 2500m. FIG. 17 is a flow chart of the model test carried out by the present invention, and FIG. 18 is a model of the inclination geological structure prepared by the present invention. Body 62, FIG. 19 is a schematic diagram of a model cave excavation simulation of the present invention, and FIG. 20 is a schematic diagram of a water inrush phenomenon of a deep cavity excavation tunnel using the present invention.

As shown in Fig. 17, Fig. 18 and Fig. 19, the process of applying the present invention to carry out the model test of water burst in deep caverns is as follows:

(1) According to the distribution of engineering geological structure, the inclined geological structure production system 4 of the present invention is used to prepare a model body 62 with an inclined geological structure, and the displacement, stress, seepage pressure and seepage test are buried in layers during the production of the model body sensor;

(2) According to the engineering in-situ stress distribution, and according to similar criteria, the ultra-high pressure true three-dimensional loading system 2 of the present invention is used to perform true three-dimensional non-uniform loading on the prepared model body 62;

(3) According to the groundwater distribution of the project, and according to similar criteria, the servo-controlled high-osmotic water pressure loading system 3 of the present invention is used to load the prepared model body 62 with water infiltration pressure;

(4) After the in-situ stress and water penetration pressure of the cave area are stabilized, the model cavity 62 of the present invention is used to automatically excavate the prepared model body 62;

(5) During the excavation process of the model cave, the model comprehensive test and analysis system 6 of the present invention is used to automatically collect and quickly store the test data such as displacement, stress, seepage pressure and seepage flow of the measuring points inside the model body;

(6) Analyze and organize the test data, and in-depth reveal the mechanism of water inrush damage in the deep cavity according to the test analysis results of the model test and the test observation phenomena.

As shown in FIG. 20, the engineering application research of the present invention shows that: the present invention reproduces the evolution process of the water inrush disaster caused by the excavation of deep-buried diversion tunnels in inclined rock layers, and carefully simulates the deep caves under the coupling of high ground stress and high permeability hydraulic pressure The nonlinear deformation characteristics of chamber excavation and the evolution process of water inrush disaster provide an important experimental basis for studying the occurrence mechanism and conditions of water inrush disaster in deep caves. The invention has wide application prospects in simulating hydropower, transportation, energy and water burst disasters in deep caverns of mines.

The above are only preferred embodiments of the present application, and are not intended to limit the present application. For those skilled in the art, the present application may have various modifications and changes. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principles of this application shall be included in the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

A true three-dimensional physical model test system for simulating water inrush disasters in deep caverns, characterized in that the system is mainly composed of a box-type seal loading reaction force device, an ultra-high pressure true three-dimensional loading system, a servo-controlled high-permeability hydraulic loading system, and tilt Composed of geological structure production system, model cave automatic excavation system and model comprehensive test and analysis system;

The cassette-type sealing loading reaction force device is used as a reaction force device for model test loading and is used to accommodate the test model body and high-pressure water body;

The ultra-high pressure true three-dimensional loading system performs ultra-high pressure true three-dimensional loading on the test model body by controlling the hydraulic jacks;

The servo-controlled high-osmosis water pressure loading system is used to automatically load the test model body with high-osmosis water pressure;

The inclined geological structure making system is used to prepare a model body with an inclined geological structure;

The model cavity automatic excavation system is used to excavate model cavity of different shapes and sizes in the test model body;

The model comprehensive test and analysis system automatically collects test data of any part inside the test model body and quickly stores them.
The true three-dimensional physical model test system for simulating the flooding disaster of deep caverns according to claim 1, characterized in that the box-shaped seal loading reaction force device is mainly composed of a steel top beam reaction force wall module, The bottom beam reaction wall module, the left reaction wall module, the right reaction wall module, the front reaction wall module and the rear reaction wall module are combined by bolt connection, and each reaction wall module adopts a box structure with high rigidity Type, its size can be adjusted arbitrarily;

Further, a sealing groove is provided at the contact surface of each reaction force wall module, and a rubber sealing gasket is placed in the groove.
The true three-dimensional physical model test system for simulating the flooding disaster of deep caverns according to claim 2, characterized in that a three-dimensional guide frame device is provided inside the box-shaped seal loading reaction force device.
A true three-dimensional physical model test system for simulating water inrush in deep caves according to claim 2, wherein a closed excavation window is provided in the middle of the front reaction wall module, and the closed opening The excavation window is mainly composed of a tempered glass plate, a cavity excavation window, a steel hollow water-retaining shell and a water-retaining steel plate at the entrance; the cavity excavation window is set in the center of the tempered glass plate according to the size of the excavation cavity of the model test , The steel hollow water-retaining shell is installed along the center of the excavation window of the cave, the steel hollow water-retaining shell is the same size as the excavated cave, and extends into the cave to insert a certain depth inside the test model body to prevent the hole The water body flows out during chamber excavation to ensure the stability of high penetration pressure; a rubber sealing gasket is placed between the steel hollow water-repellent shell and the tempered glass plate, and the water-retaining steel plate at the opening covers the excavation window of the cave to form a seal Cavity.
The true three-dimensional physical model test system for simulating the flooding disaster of deep caverns according to claim 1, characterized in that the ultra-high pressure true three-dimensional loading system consists of an oil tank, a high-pressure oil pipe, a driving device, and an oil pressure regulator , Pressure monitor, hydraulic controller, hydraulic jack and loaded steel plate;

The oil tank is used for holding hydraulic oil;

The driving device is used to pump the hydraulic oil in the oil tank into the high-pressure oil pipe;

The oil pressure regulator is used to control the size and stability of the oil pressure;

The pressure monitor is used to monitor the pressure of the oil circuit;

The hydraulic controller is used to control the driving device and the oil pressure regulator to work together;

The hydraulic jack is embedded in each reaction wall module, and a loading steel plate is installed at the front end of the jack and closely adheres to the test model body, so that the test model body is subjected to ultra-high pressure loading.
A true three-dimensional physical model test system for simulating water inrush disasters in deep caverns according to claim 1, characterized in that the servo-controlled high-permeability hydraulic loading system is mainly composed of a water tank, an automatic frequency conversion water pump, and a high-permeation pressure Composed of flowmeter, high osmotic pressure regulator, high osmotic pressure controller and high pressure water pipe;

The water tank is used to carry high-pressure water body;

The automatic frequency conversion water pump is used for pumping the water body in the water tank into the box type sealing loading reaction force device;

The high permeability pressure flowmeter is used to monitor the output water volume and water pressure;

The high osmotic pressure regulator is used to control the high osmotic pressure and maintain its stability;

The high osmotic pressure controller is used to control the automatic frequency conversion water pump and the high osmotic pressure regulator to work together;

The high-pressure water pipe connects a water tank, an automatic frequency conversion water pump, a high osmotic pressure flowmeter and a high osmotic pressure regulator to form a passage for high water pressure loading.
The true three-dimensional physical model test system for simulating water inrush in deep caves according to claim 1, characterized in that the inclined geological structure production system includes a supporting rotating device, a material containing device and a material compacting device; The supporting rotating device is used to adjust the inclination angle of the material accommodating device; the material accommodating device is used to fill the test model body containing the inclined geological structure, and the material compacting device is used to separate the compacted filling model Materials to obtain the test model body.
The true three-dimensional physical model test system for simulating the flooding disaster of deep caverns according to claim 1, characterized in that the automatic excavation system of the model caverns is mainly driven by the cutter head excavation device and cutter head rotation It consists of device, cutter head forward drive device, dust removal device, support frame and excavation control device;

The cutter head excavation device is installed at the front end of the cutter head rotary drive device, and is used for excavation and cutting the model body;

The cutter head rotation driving device is used to provide the rotation cutting force of the cutter head excavation device;

The cutter head forward driving device is used to provide forward excavation power of the cutter head excavation device;

The dust removal device is used to remove the material of the test model body excavated and cut;

The support frame is used to support the entire excavation system;

The excavation control device is used to control the rotation speed of the cutter head cutting power device and the step rate of the cutter head advance power device.
The true three-dimensional physical model test system for simulating the water inrush disaster in deep caverns according to claim 8, characterized in that the cutter head excavation device consists of a cavern profiling cutter shell, a rotating cutting blade and dust Hole composition

The cave chamber contour knife shell is manufactured according to the shape and size of the excavated cave chamber;

The rotary cutting blade is fixed in the middle of the cavity profiled knife shell, and is connected with the cutter head rotary driving device, and is used for rotating the cutting test model body; the rotary cutting blade can freely expand and contract and always adhere to the cavity wall to open Digging out model caves of different shapes and sizes;

The dust outlet is provided on the cave-shaped profiling knife shell, and is used to transport the excavated material debris to the outside of the device.
The true three-dimensional physical model test system for simulating the flooding disaster of deep caverns according to claim 1, wherein the model comprehensive test and analysis system is mainly composed of a waterproof optical fiber displacement sensor, a waterproof stress sensor, a waterproof optical fiber high Composed of osmotic pressure sensor, flow monitor and data processing software system;

The waterproof optical fiber displacement sensor is used to monitor the displacement of any part inside the model body;

The waterproof stress sensor is used to monitor the stress of any part inside the model body;

The waterproof optical fiber high permeability pressure sensor is used to monitor the high penetration pressure of any part inside the model body;

The flow monitor is used to monitor the seepage volume after excavation of the cave;

The data processing software system processes, stores and displays the measured model test data in real time and automatically generates relevant time-history change curves.