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WO2020199943A1 - 变压器套管 - Google Patents

变压器套管 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020199943A1
WO2020199943A1 PCT/CN2020/080468 CN2020080468W WO2020199943A1 WO 2020199943 A1 WO2020199943 A1 WO 2020199943A1 CN 2020080468 W CN2020080468 W CN 2020080468W WO 2020199943 A1 WO2020199943 A1 WO 2020199943A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
current
grounding
carrying rod
insulating
transformer bushing
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2020/080468
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
马斌
孙中源
孙略
Original Assignee
江苏神马电力股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 江苏神马电力股份有限公司 filed Critical 江苏神马电力股份有限公司
Priority to BR112021019585A priority Critical patent/BR112021019585A2/pt
Publication of WO2020199943A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020199943A1/zh

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/28—Coils; Windings; Conductive connections
    • H01F27/29—Terminals; Tapping arrangements for signal inductances
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/28—Coils; Windings; Conductive connections
    • H01F27/32—Insulating of coils, windings, or parts thereof

Definitions

  • This application relates to the field of power transmission technology, in particular to a transformer bushing.
  • Transformer bushing is a high-voltage device widely used in power systems. It is fixedly installed on the housing of the transformer. One end is exposed outside the transformer and is electrically connected to external conductors such as cables. The other end extends into the transformer and is connected to the inside of the transformer. The lead wires are electrically connected, so that the output current of the transformer is guided to the external conductor such as the cable through the transformer bushing, or the current in the external conductor such as the cable is guided to the transformer through the transformer bushing.
  • capacitive bushings are divided into oil-paper capacitive and adhesive-paper capacitive, and oil-paper capacitive according to the current-carrying structure is further divided into cable type and conduit current-carrying type, of which the conduit current-carrying type is based on the connection method of the terminal and the bushing It is divided into direct type and through rod type.
  • the inventor of the present application has discovered through long-term research that the existing oil-paper capacitive bushing has a complex structure and many components, which easily leads to poor contact between components.
  • the purpose of this application is to provide a transformer bushing that can save costs, reduce production procedures, and improve production efficiency.
  • the technical solution adopted in this application is to provide a transformer bushing, including: an insulating tube arranged in a hollow structure along the axial direction; a capacitor core, including a current-carrying rod penetrating the insulating tube and a A multilayer insulating layer and a multilayer capacitive screen that are sequentially wound inside the insulating tube and on the outside of the current-carrying rod, wherein the end of the current-carrying rod extending beyond the insulating tube is fixed to the first terminal It is connected and electrically connected with the first connection terminal; the end screen connector is electrically connected with the end screen in the capacitor core, and is used to ground the end screen when the transformer bushing is running.
  • it further includes: an oil conservator, fixed at one end of the insulating pipe and communicating with the insulating pipe, wherein the one end of the current carrying rod passes through the oil conservator from the insulating pipe, and The first connection terminal located outside the oil conservator is fixedly connected.
  • the current-carrying rod is arranged in a hollow structure along the axial direction, and the current-carrying rod is located inside the insulating tube and/or the oil storage tank and is not covered by the insulating layer and the capacitive screen Several through holes are provided on the side wall.
  • it further includes: a first end cover for covering the other end of the current-carrying rod extending beyond the insulating tube, and a second connecting terminal is fixed on the side of the first end cover away from the current-carrying rod , The first end cover is electrically connected to the current-carrying rod and the second connection terminal.
  • a round nut which is tightly sleeved on the periphery of the current-carrying rod and covers the other end of the insulating tube, and at the same time, the first end cover abuts against the round nut on the side away from the insulating tube
  • the end face; the gasket, the gasket is a ring structure, the inner ring surface and the outer ring surface of the gasket are non-circular surfaces, wherein the gasket is clamped on the current-carrying rod and the round nut In between, the current-carrying rod is matched and fitted with the inner ring surface, and the round nut is matched and fitted with the outer ring surface.
  • the inner ring surface and the outer ring surface of the gasket are both non-circular surfaces, which specifically includes: the outer ring surface is provided with a plurality of first clamping grooves, and the round nut is provided with an inner wall facing the gasket. There is a first clamping block corresponding to the first clamping slot; and/or, the inner ring surface is provided with a plurality of second clamping blocks, and the current-carrying rod faces the outer wall of the gasket. There is a second card slot corresponding to the second card block.
  • the insulating pipe includes a first sub-insulating pipe and a second sub-insulating pipe connected by a flange, and one end of the first sub-insulating pipe that is not connected to the flange is connected to the oil conservator, and the first The end of the two sub-insulating tubes not connected with the flange is connected with the round nut.
  • the end screen connector includes: a grounding post, the grounding post is a conductive member, and includes a first end connected to the lead wire of the end screen and a second end opposite to the first end, Wherein, when the grounding column is inserted in the mounting hole on the flange, the second end of the grounding column is away from the mounting hole; the insulating member is sleeved on the periphery of the grounding column , Used to isolate the wall of the mounting hole and the outer wall of the grounding post; the pressing member includes an annular plate sleeved on the periphery of the insulating member and a peripheral wall extending from the inner periphery of the annular plate, wherein, when When the pressing piece is assembled on the flange base by passing through the first bolt on the ring plate, the grounding post and the insulating piece are positioned in the mounting hole, the pressing piece Is electrically connected to the flange, and the peripheral wall of the pressing member is far away from the flange;
  • the insulating member is sheathed on the periphery of the grounding post by a casting process, and the outer wall of the grounding post contacting the insulating member is provided with a plurality of first grooves.
  • the lead wire of the end screen is wound on a second bolt, and the first end of the grounding column is provided with a second groove corresponding to the second bolt, so that the second The bolt is detachably assembled in the second groove, thereby realizing the connection between the lead wire of the end screen and the first end of the grounding column.
  • the beneficial effect of the present application is that in the present application, the end of the current-carrying rod of the capacitor core extending out of the insulating tube is fixedly connected to and electrically connected to the first terminal, so that the current in the transformer can pass the current-carrying
  • the rod flows to the first connection terminal, or the current in the first connection terminal can flow to the transformer through the current-carrying rod, that is to say, this application directly uses the current-carrying rod in the capacitor core to carry current, compared with the transformer in the prior art
  • the bushing generally includes a coiled tube in the capacitor core and a current-carrying rod passing through the coiled tube.
  • the transformer bushing in the present application also includes a terminal screen connector electrically connected to the terminal screen in the capacitor core, which can ensure the normal operation of the transformer bushing and conveniently perform high-voltage tests on the transformer bushing.
  • the transformer bushing in this application is also provided with a gasket between the current-carrying rod and the round nut.
  • the gasket has a ring structure, and its inner and outer ring surfaces are non-circular, which can prevent the current-carrying rod from being in the transformer. Turn in the casing.
  • the final shield joint of the transformer bushing in this application specifically includes grounding posts, insulating parts, compression parts, and grounding bases, which can measure the capacitance and dielectric loss of the transformer bushing during high-voltage tests, and measure the transformer bushing Ground the final screen during normal operation to ensure uniform field strength distribution of the capacitor core.
  • the present application does not need to install small ceramic parts, the structure is simple and compact, and when assembling, it only needs to assemble the grounding pole, the insulating part, and the pressing part in sequence, and then the pressing part is fixed on the first bolt by the first bolt. On the flange, then set the grounding seat cover on the pressing part, which is convenient and fast.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of an embodiment of a transformer bushing according to the present application
  • Fig. 2 is an enlarged schematic diagram of A in Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 3 is an enlarged schematic diagram of B in Fig. 2;
  • Fig. 4 is an enlarged schematic diagram of C in Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of an exploded structure of a current-carrying rod, a round nut and a gasket in an application scenario
  • Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the front structure of a gasket in an application scenario
  • Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the front structure of a gasket in another application scenario
  • Fig. 8 is an enlarged schematic diagram of D in Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 9 is an enlarged schematic diagram of E in Fig. 8.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of the grounding post and the insulator in FIG. 9;
  • Fig. 11 is a schematic diagram of a partial sectional structure of the flange in Fig. 9.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of an embodiment of a transformer bushing according to the present application
  • FIG. 2 is an enlarged schematic diagram of A in FIG. 1.
  • the transformer bushing in this application can be an oil-paper capacitive transformer bushing or other types of bushings, which is not limited here.
  • the transformer bushing 1000 is arranged on the transformer (not shown in the figure), specifically fixed on the housing of the transformer, one end extends out of the transformer, and the other end extends into the interior of the transformer to guide the current in the transformer to the cable, etc. External conductors, or direct current in external conductors such as cables to the transformer.
  • the transformer bushing 1000 includes an insulating tube 1010, a capacitor core 1020, and a final screen connector 1030.
  • the insulating tube 1010 is arranged in a hollow structure along the axial direction, that is, a hollow tube.
  • the insulating tube 1010 is formed by winding fibers such as glass fiber, aramid fiber, etc., or manufactured by other processes such as molding.
  • the capacitor core 1020 includes a current-carrying rod 1021 through which an insulating tube 1010 is penetrated, and a multilayer insulating layer and a multilayer capacitive screen that are located inside the insulating tube 1010 and wound on the outer side of the current-carrying rod 1021 in sequence.
  • the multi-layer insulation layer and the multi-layer capacitive screen as a whole are denoted by reference numeral 1022.
  • the current-carrying rod 1021 is made of conductive materials such as copper, aluminum or alloy, and can transmit current.
  • one end 10211 of the current-carrying rod 1021 extending beyond the insulating tube 110 is fixedly connected to the first connection terminal 1040 and electrically connected to the first connection terminal 1040.
  • the first connection terminal 1040 is used to connect an external conductor such as a cable.
  • the current-carrying rod 1021 is electrically connected to the first connection terminal 1040, the current-carrying rod 1021 is electrically connected to the first connection terminal 1040, such as a cable or other external conductor. connection.
  • the current-carrying rod 1021 in the capacitor core 1020 is specifically used for current-carrying, so that the current in the transformer flows into the first terminal 1040 through the current-carrying rod 1021, and then flows into the first terminal 1040 connected to the first terminal 1040.
  • External electrical conductors such as cables, or the current in external electrical conductors such as cables, flow to the transformer through the first connection terminal 1040 and the current carrying rod 1021 in sequence.
  • the transformer bushing includes not only the coiled tube in the capacitor core, but also the current-carrying rod pierced in the coiled tube for carrying current.
  • the structure of the transformer bushing 1000 in this embodiment is It is simple, can save costs, and does not need to be insulated between the coiled tube and the current-carrying rod, can reduce the production process, and improve the production efficiency.
  • the last screen connector 1030 is electrically connected to the last screen in the capacitor core 1020 (not shown), that is, the outermost layer of the capacitor screen in the capacitor core 1020, which is used to ground the last screen when the transformer bushing 1000 is running to ensure the transformer
  • the field intensity distribution inside the bushing 1000 is uniform, and the capacitance and dielectric loss of the transformer bushing 1000 are measured during the high-voltage test.
  • the transformer bushing 1000 in this application directly uses the current-carrying rod 1021 in the capacitor core 1020 to transmit the current between the transformer and external conductors such as cables, that is, to carry current, and has a simple structure. It can reduce the production process and improve the production efficiency; on the other hand, the end screen connector 1030 is set, which can not only ensure the normal operation of the transformer bushing 1000, but also facilitate the high-voltage test.
  • one end 10211 of the current-carrying rod 1021 is directly fixedly connected to the first connection terminal 1040, and there is no other connection element between the two, so that the current transmitted between the current-carrying rod 1021 and the first connection terminal 1040 is not It will pass through other components to reduce the transition of current in the transmission process.
  • the current-carrying rod 1021 is directly fixedly connected to the first connection terminal 1040, which can also reduce the number of components in the transformer bushing 1000 and ensure good contact between the components.
  • one end 10211 of the current-carrying rod 1021 can also be fixedly connected to the first terminal 1040 through other connecting elements, which is not limited here. .
  • the current-carrying rod 1021 in this application needs to transmit the current between the external conductor such as a cable and the transformer, the current-carrying rod 1021 needs to carry a larger current during the operation of the transformer bushing 1000, thereby generating more heat .
  • the insulating tube 1010 is filled with transformer oil (not shown).
  • transformer oil not shown.
  • the transformer bushing 1000 also includes an oil conservator 1050.
  • the oil conservator 1050 can play a role in adjusting the oil volume.
  • the oil conservator 1050 is fixed to one end 10101 of the insulating pipe 1010 and communicates with the insulating pipe 1010, and at the same time, one end 10211 of the current-carrying rod 1021 passes through the oil conservator 1050 from the insulating pipe 1010, and is connected to the second end located outside the oil conservator 1050.
  • a connecting terminal 1040 is fixedly connected.
  • the oil conservator 1050 plays the role of oil storage at this time, when the volume of the transformer oil in the insulating pipe 1010 decreases At this time, the transformer oil in the oil conservator 1050 flows to the insulating pipe 1010, that is, the oil conservator 1050 plays a role of replenishing oil at this time.
  • the current-carrying rod 1021 is also a hollow tube, that is, it is arranged as a hollow structure along the axial direction, and the current-carrying rod 1021 is located in the insulated
  • a number of through holes 10213 are provided on the side wall 10212 inside the pipe 1010 and/or the oil conservator 1050 and not covered by the insulating layer and capacitive screen.
  • the several through holes 10213 can be located only in the insulating pipe 1010 or the oil conservator. 1050 can also be distributed in the insulating pipe 1010 and the oil conservator 1050 at the same time.
  • the transformer oil can circulate on the inner and outer sides of the current-carrying rod 1021, which significantly reduces the temperature of the current-carrying rod 1021.
  • the current distribution on the conductor interface is uneven due to the induction effect. The closer to the conductor surface, the greater the current density, especially when the frequency of the current is high. Current is almost only transmitted on the surface of the conductor, and almost no current flows inside the conductor. Therefore, in this application scenario, the current-carrying rod 1021 is set as a hollow tube instead of a solid tube, which will not affect the current-carrying efficiency of the current-carrying rod 1021 but also save material.
  • a number of through holes 10213 are distributed on both sides of the area 10221 covered by the insulating layer and the capacitive screen of the current-carrying rod 1021.
  • the fluidity is stronger, and the heat dissipation of the current-carrying rod 1021 can be accelerated.
  • the transformer bushing 1000 further includes a second end cover 1060 for covering one end 10211 of the current carrying rod 1021 passing through the oil conservator 1050.
  • the second end cover 1060 does not cover the current-carrying rod 1021, so that the current-carrying rod 1021 can be pre-cleaned to ensure the cleanliness of the current-carrying rod 1021.
  • the second end cap 1060 and one end 10211 of the current-carrying rod 1021 can be detachably connected or non-detachable, such as the second end
  • the cover 1060 and the current-carrying rod 1021 are connected by threaded connection, interference fit, or the second end cover 1060 is directly welded to the current-carrying rod 1021, so that when the transformer bushing 1000 is operating normally, the second end cover 1060 can avoid the transformer The oil flows out or is invaded by outside moisture.
  • the inner side wall of one end 10211 of the current-carrying rod 1021 passing through the oil conservator 1050 has a step 10214 to form a first contact surface 10215 and a second contact surface 10216 that are in contact with the second end cover 1060.
  • the second end cover 1060 includes a flat plate 1061 and a convex column 1062 protruding from the surface 10611 of the plate 1061.
  • the convex column 1062 extends into the current carrying rod 1021
  • the plate surface 10611 of the flat plate 1061 abuts the first contact surface 10215, and the end surface 10621 of the protruding column 1062 abuts the second contact surface 10216.
  • the transformer bushing 1000 further includes a first end cover 1070.
  • the first end cover 1070 covers the current-carrying rod 1021 and extends beyond the other end 10217 of the insulating tube 1010.
  • the first end cover 1070 is fixed on the side of the first end cover 1070 away from the current-carrying rod 1021 with a second connection terminal 1080, and the first end cover 1070
  • the current-carrying rod 1021 and the second connection terminal 1080 are electrically connected.
  • the first end cover 1070 and the current-carrying rod 1021 are connected by threads or the like
  • the second connection terminal 1080 is located inside the transformer and is connected to the inner lead of the transformer
  • the second connection terminal 1080 is fixed on the first end cover 1070.
  • the first end cover 1070 is a conductive element, so that the output current of the transformer flows from the second connection terminal 1080, the first end cover 1070, and the current carrying rod 1021 to the first connection terminal 1040 in sequence.
  • the transformer bushing 1000 further includes a round nut 1090.
  • the round nut 1090 is tightly sleeved on the periphery of the current-carrying rod 1021 and fixed to the other end 10102 of the insulating tube 1010, so that the end surface of the round nut 1090 covers the other end 10102 of the insulating tube 1010, and the first end cap 1070 abuts
  • the round nut 1090 is far away from the end surface of the insulating tube 1010 and is fixedly connected to the round nut 1090 by bolts and other elements.
  • the round nut 1090 may not be provided, and the other end 10217 of the current-carrying rod 1021 and the other end 10102 of the insulating tube 1010 are simultaneously covered by the first end cap 1070.
  • the round nut 1090 is provided with an oil drain port 1200 communicating with the insulating tube 1010, and the oil drain port 1200 is equipped with a matching oil drain plug 1210.
  • the drain plug 1210 is removed.
  • the transformer oil inside the insulating tube 1010 can flow cleanly.
  • the transformer bushing 1000 in the above embodiment adopts the current-carrying rod 1021 in the capacitor core 1020 to directly carry current.
  • the current flowing through the current-carrying rod 1021 is generally large, external conductors such as cables connected to the first terminal 1040 It is thicker, so the current-carrying rod 1021 will have a larger torque force during the operation of the transformer bushing 1000.
  • the transformer bushing 1000 further includes a gasket 1100.
  • the gasket 1100 has a ring structure, and the inner ring surface 1110 and the outer ring surface 1120 of the gasket 1100 are non-circular surfaces.
  • the gasket 1100 is clamped between the current-carrying rod 1021 and the round nut 1090, and the current-carrying rod 1021 and
  • the inner ring surface 1110 of the gasket 1100 is matched and attached, and the round nut 1090 is matched and attached to the outer ring surface 1120 of the washer 1100. Since the outer ring surface 1120 and the inner ring surface 1110 of the washer 1100 are non-circular surfaces, and the washer 1100 is clamped between the current carrying rod 1021 and the round nut 1090, the washer 1100 cannot rotate relative to the round nut 1090.
  • the current-carrying rod 1021 matched and fitted with the gasket 1100 cannot be rotated relative to the round nut 1090, and since the round nut 1090 is fixedly connected to the insulating tube 1010, the current-carrying rod 1021 cannot be rotated relative to the insulating tube 1010, that is, regardless of external cables, etc. How much torque is generated by the conductor, the current-carrying rod 1021 will not rotate in the transformer bushing 1000, and it is different from the sealing ring clamping method that is prone to failure and the inconvenient screw tightening method in the prior art.
  • the gasket 1100 is convenient to install and fix.
  • the gasket 1100 is arranged between the round nut 1090 and the current-carrying rod 1021 in this embodiment, but the position of the gasket 1100 is not limited in this application. In other embodiments, The gasket 1100 may also be arranged at other suitable positions such as between the current-carrying rod 1021 and the oil conservator 1050, between the current-carrying rod 1021 and the first end cover 1070.
  • the inner ring surface 1110 and the outer ring surface 1120 of the gasket 1100 are both non-circular surfaces.
  • the outer ring surface 1120 of the gasket 1100 is provided with several A clamping groove 1121
  • the inner wall of the round nut 1090 facing the gasket 1100 is provided with a first clamping block 1092 corresponding to the first clamping groove 1121
  • the outer ring surface 1120 of the gasket 1100 and the inner wall of the round nut 1090 pass through the A card block 1092 and the first card slot 1121 are engaged with each other to match and fit, wherein the number of the first card slot 1121 and the first card block 1092 are correspondingly the same, and there can be one, four or more, which will not be done here.
  • the inner ring surface 1110 and the outer ring surface 1120 of the gasket 1100 are both non-circular surfaces.
  • the inner ring surface 1110 of the gasket 1100 is provided with a plurality of second clamping blocks 1111, and a current-carrying rod 1021
  • the outer wall of the gasket 1100 is provided with a second clamping groove 10218 corresponding to the second clamping block 1111.
  • the inner ring surface 1110 of the gasket 1100 and the outer wall of the current-carrying rod 1021 pass through the second clamping block 1111 and the second clamping block 1111.
  • the card slots 10218 are engaged with each other to match and fit, wherein the number of the second card slots 10218 and the second card block 1111 are correspondingly the same, and can be one, three, or four or more, which is not limited here.
  • the inner ring surface 1110 and outer ring surface 1120 of the gasket 1100 are both non-circular surfaces. Specifically, it may also include: the inner ring surface 1110 and the outer ring surface 1120 of the gasket 1100 are elliptical surfaces. Or other special-shaped surfaces.
  • the inner ring surface 1110 and the outer surface of the gasket 1100 The shape of the torus 1120 is not limited.
  • the cross-section of the gasket 1100 perpendicular to its central axis is an axisymmetric figure (as shown in Figure 6) or a central symmetric figure (as shown in Figure 7) with the center of the section as the symmetry point to ensure The overall force of the gasket 1100 is uniform and can withstand greater pressure.
  • the end surface of the round nut 1090 on the side away from the insulating tube 1010 is provided with a third groove 1091 for the gasket 1100 to be clamped into, and the first end cover 1070 is at the same time
  • the round nut 1090 is in contact with the end surface of the washer 1100.
  • the current-carrying rod 1021 is first inserted through the insulating tube 1010 and the round nut 1090, and then the gasket 1100 is placed in the third groove 1091 from the side of the direct round nut 1090 away from the insulating tube 1010, so that The inner ring surface 1110 of the gasket 1100 is attached to the current-carrying rod 1021, and the outer ring surface 1120 is attached to the round nut 1090, so as to ensure that the current-carrying rod 1021 cannot rotate.
  • the insulating tube 1010 includes a first sub-insulating tube 1012 and a second sub-insulating tube 1013 connected by a flange 1011.
  • the first sub-insulating tube 1012 does not One end connected to the flange 1011, that is, one end 10101 of the insulating pipe 1010 is connected to the oil conservator 1050, and the end of the second sub-insulating pipe 1013 not connected to the flange 1011, that is, the other end 10102 of the insulating pipe 1010 is connected to a round nut 1090.
  • the transformer bushing 1000 When assembling the transformer bushing 1000 to the transformer, the transformer bushing 1000 is fixed to the housing of the transformer through the flange 1011, while the second sub-insulating tube 1013 extends into the interior of the transformer, and the first sub-insulating tube 1012 extends out of the transformer Outside.
  • the outer peripheral surface of the first sub-insulating tube 1012 is covered with an insulating layer 1014.
  • the insulating layer 1014 is an integrated injection-molded silicone rubber umbrella skirt.
  • the silicone rubber umbrella skirt has a good Hydrophobicity and aging resistance, long service life, can effectively protect the first sub-insulating tube 1012.
  • the gasket 1100 of annular structure is arranged between the current-carrying rod 1021 and the round nut 1090, and the inner ring surface 1110 and the outer ring surface 1120 of the gasket 1100 are both non-circular, which can ensure that the current-carrying rod 1021 cannot rotate in the transformer bushing 1000.
  • the end screen connector 1030 specifically includes: a grounding post 1031, an insulating member 1032, a pressing member 1033, and a grounding seat 1034.
  • the grounding pillar 1031 is a conductive member, including a first end 10311 and a second end 10312 that are oppositely arranged.
  • the first end 10311 of the grounding pillar 1031 is connected to the lead wire 1035 of the final screen (not shown), and when the lead wire When 1035 is connected to the first end 10311, the grounding column 1031 is directly electrically connected to the lead wire 1035.
  • the insulating member 1032 is made of insulating material and is sleeved on the periphery of the grounding column 1031 to isolate the wall of the mounting hole 10111 from the outer wall of the grounding column 1031, that is, the setting of the insulating member 1032
  • the grounding post 1031 and the flange 1011 are not in direct contact
  • the pressing member 1033 includes an annular plate 10331 sleeved on the periphery of the insulating member 1032 and a peripheral wall 10332 extending from the inner circumference of the annular plate 10331.
  • the pressing member 1033 is assembled on the flange 1011 by passing through the first bolt 1036 on the ring plate 10331, so that the grounding post 1031 and the insulating member 1032 are positioned in the mounting hole 10111, and when the pressing member 1033 When fixed on the flange 1011, the pressing piece 1033 is electrically connected to the flange 1011, and the peripheral wall 10332 of the pressing piece 1033 is away from the flange 1011; the ground seat 1034 covers the pressing piece 1033 and connects the second end of the grounding column 1031 10312 is housed in the grounding base 1034, and then electrically connects the pressing member 1033 and the grounding column 1031, that is, when the grounding base 1034 is covered on the pressing member 1033, the flange 1011, the grounding base 1034 and the grounding column 1031 Between electrical connections.
  • the pressing piece 1033, the grounding base 1034, and the grounding post 1031 are all conductive pieces, and the grounding post 1031, the pressing piece 1033, and the grounding base 1034 can all be made of aluminum, copper, stainless steel, etc. .
  • the end screen connector 1030 is pre-assembled before the normal operation of the transformer bushing 1000: the grounding pole 1031 is inserted into the mounting hole 10111 of the flange 1011, and the first end 10311 is connected to the lead wire 1035 of the end screen , Then sleeve the insulating member 1032 on the outside of the grounding post 1031, and further, fix the pressing member 1033 on the flange 1011 through the first bolt 1036 so that the grounding post 1031 and the insulating member 1032 are positioned in the mounting hole 10111, Finally, the grounding seat 1034 is covered on the pressing member 1033 so that the second end 10312 of the grounding column 1031 is contained in the grounding seat 1034, wherein the grounding seat 1034 can be set on the pressure by means of screw connection, interference fit connection, etc.
  • the tightening piece 1033 is on. After the final screen connector 1030 is assembled, since the flange 1011 is grounded through the housing of the transformer (not shown), the grounding pole 1031 is grounded through the ground base 1034, the compression piece 1033, the flange 1011 and the transformer housing in turn to achieve Ground the end screen to finally ensure the uniform field strength distribution inside the transformer bushing 1000. When the transformer bushing 1000 is subjected to a high voltage test, the grounding base 1034 is directly disassembled.
  • the grounding column 1031 and the flange 1011 are insulated by the insulator 1032, the grounding column 1031 is no longer electrically connected to the flange 1011, and then The end screen is no longer grounded, and finally the capacitance and dielectric loss of the transformer bushing 1000 can be measured.
  • the grounding seat 1034 is directly assembled on the outside of the pressing member 1033 to ensure the grounding of the final screen again.
  • the final screen connector 1030 in this embodiment does not need to add small ceramic parts, and has a simple structure, which is beneficial to the miniaturization and development of the transformer bushing 1000.
  • the grounding post 1031 and the insulator 1032 are placed After the pressing member 1033 is sheathed in the mounting hole 10111, the first bolt 1036 and the grounding seat 1034 can be directly tightened, which is convenient for assembly.
  • the grounding base 1034 needs to be disassembled and removed. At this time, since the grounding base 1034 and the grounding post 1031 are in a separate state, the staff can directly observe the grounding post 1031, so as to be timely when there is a defect. Replace it to ensure grounding reliability.
  • the grounding post 1031 is a cylinder, and in order to further reduce the volume of the end screen connector 1030, and to ensure the tightness between the grounding post 1031 and the insulator 1032 to avoid the intrusion of external moisture, dust, etc., the insulator 1032 It is directly sleeved on the periphery of the grounding pillar 1031 through a casting process.
  • the grounding post 1031 is put into the machine, and insulating materials such as polytetrafluoroethylene or epoxy resin are directly poured on the outside of the grounding post 1031 to form the insulating member 1032.
  • the grounding column 1031 and the insulating member 1032 are firmly in contact with each other, with good sealing performance and compact structure. Therefore, there is no need to install a sealing ring, which can effectively reduce the final screen connector 1030 volume.
  • the grounding post 1031 and the insulator 1032 can also be independent of each other and can be detachably assembled together, which is not limited here.
  • the outer wall where the grounding column 1031 contacts the insulating member 1032 is provided with several The first groove 10313.
  • the first groove 10313 is arranged around the grounding pillar 1031, and the number thereof can be 1, 2, 3 or more, which is not limited here.
  • the application does not limit the depth of the first groove 10313, and the designer can design according to specific requirements.
  • the lead wire 1035 of the end screen is wound on the second bolt 1037.
  • the first end 10311 of the grounding column 1031 is provided with A second groove 10314 corresponding to the second bolt 1037, wherein the second bolt 1037 is detachably assembled in the second groove 10314.
  • one end of the lead wire 1035 of the end screen is welded to the end screen, and the other end is wound on the second bolt 1037, so that the second bolt 1037 is assembled in the second groove 10314 to realize the lead wire 1035 of the end screen and the ground The connection between the first ends 10311 of the posts 1031.
  • the cross-sectional shape of the mounting hole 10111 in the axial direction is stepped, so that the mounting hole 10111 forms a bearing surface 10112 in the axial direction.
  • the pressing member 1033 is assembled on the flange 1011, at least part of the insulating member 1032 is clamped between the annular plate 10331 and the bearing surface 10112, so as to realize the positioning of the insulating member 1032 and the grounding post 1031 in the mounting hole 10111.
  • the grounding post 1031 and the insulating member 1032 can no longer move along the axial direction of the mounting hole 10111.
  • the periphery of the insulating member 1032 clamped by the pressing member 1033 and the bearing surface 10112 is attached to the wall of the mounting hole 10111. Ensure that the grounding post 1031 and the insulator 1032 cannot move in the mounting hole 10111, that is, they are positioned in the mounting hole 10111.
  • the second end 10312 of the grounding post 1031 is provided with a plurality of elastic metals
  • the extension direction of the elastic metal sheet 1038 is the same as the axial direction of the grounding post 1031.
  • Both ends of the elastic metal sheet 1038 are fixed on the grounding post 1031.
  • the middle part 10381 of the elastic metal sheet 1038 expands away from the grounding post 1031.
  • the ground seat 1034 exerts a force on the elastic metal sheet 1038, so that a plurality of elastic metal sheets 1038 can be elastically supported between the ground post 1031 and the ground seat 1034, thereby ensuring the grounding post 1031 and the ground seat 1034. Electrical connection.
  • a plurality of elastic metal sheets 1038 are evenly spaced along the circumferential direction of the grounding post 1031, and in order to maintain good elasticity after multiple insertion and removal of the ground seat 1034, the elastic metal sheets 1038 are used Made of materials with good mechanical properties such as copper.
  • the oil conservator 1050 is fixedly connected to the insulating tube 1010 and the current-carrying rod 1021 by glue mounting, and the round nut 1090 is connected with the insulating tube 1010 by glue mounting ,
  • the flange 1011 is connected to the first insulating tube 1012 and the second insulating tube 1013 respectively by means of glue mounting.
  • the surface and the contact surface between the flange 1011 and the second insulating tube 1013 are provided with a glue-fitting groove 1300, and the glue-fitting groove 1300 is filled with glue-fitting materials for fixing, such as resin glue.
  • the transformer bushing 1000 further includes a plurality of sealing rings 1400.
  • the contact surface between the second end cover 1060 and the current carrying rod 1021, the contact surface between the oil conservator 1050 and the insulating tube 1010, the contact surface between the insulating tube 1010 and the round nut 1090, and the contact between the current carrying rod 1021 and the round nut 1090 The contact surface between the first end cover 1070 and the round nut 1090, the contact surface between the first end cover 1070 and the current-carrying rod 1021, the contact surface between the ground seat 1034 and the pressing member 1033, the contact surface between the pressing member 1033 and the insulating member 1032
  • the contact surface, the contact surface between the pressing member 1033 and the flange 1011, and the contact surface between the insulating member 1032 and the bearing surface 10112 are all provided with a sealing ring 1400.
  • the arrangement of multiple sealing rings 1400 can prevent the transformer oil in the insulating tube 1010 from leaking to the outside through the contact surface of each element, causing oil leakage, and also prevent the intrusion of external moisture, pollutants, etc.
  • part of the sealing ring 1400 such as the sealing ring 1400 between the insulating tube 1010 and the round nut 1090, and the sealing ring 1400 between the insulating tube 1010 and the oil conservator 1050, can also avoid the transformer oil and the glue packing material in the glue fitting tank 1300 Contact, so as to prevent oil pollution from affecting the electrical performance of the transformer bushing 1000.
  • the cross section of the sealing ring 1400 in the axial direction may be round, rectangular, etc., which is not limited here.
  • the end of the current-carrying rod of the capacitor core that extends out of the insulating tube is fixedly connected to the first terminal and electrically connected to the first terminal, so that the current in the transformer can flow to the first terminal through the current-carrying rod
  • the current in the terminal or the first connection terminal can flow to the transformer through the current-carrying rod. That is to say, this application directly uses the current-carrying rod in the capacitor core to carry current.
  • the transformer bushing generally includes The coiled tube in the capacitor core and the current-carrying rod in the coiled tube have a simple structure, which can save costs, and there is no need to make insulation between the coiled tube and the current-carrying rod, which can reduce the production process. Increase productivity.
  • the transformer bushing in the present application also includes a terminal screen connector electrically connected to the terminal screen in the capacitor core, which can not only ensure the normal operation of the transformer bushing, but also can be used to perform high-voltage tests on the transformer bushing.
  • the transformer bushing in this application is also provided with a gasket between the current-carrying rod and the round nut.
  • the gasket has a ring structure, and its inner and outer ring surfaces are non-circular, which can prevent the current-carrying rod from being in the transformer. Turn in the casing.
  • the terminal shield joint of the transformer bushing in this application specifically includes grounding poles, insulating parts, compression parts and grounding bases, which can measure the capacitance and dielectric loss of the transformer bushing during high-voltage tests, and when the transformer bushing is normal Ground the final screen during operation to ensure the uniform field strength distribution of the capacitor core.
  • the present application does not need to install small ceramic parts, the structure is simple and compact, and when assembling, it only needs to assemble the grounding pole, the insulating part, and the pressing part in sequence, and then the pressing part is fixed on the first bolt by the first bolt. On the flange, then set the grounding seat cover on the pressing part, which is convenient and fast.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Housings And Mounting Of Transformers (AREA)
  • Insulators (AREA)
  • Transformers For Measuring Instruments (AREA)

Abstract

一种变压器套管（1000），包括：绝缘管（1010），沿轴向设置为中空结构；电容芯子（1020），包括穿设绝缘管的载流杆（1021）以及位于绝缘管内部且在载流杆外侧依次卷绕的多层绝缘层和多层电容屏，其中，载流杆延伸出绝缘管之外的一端与第一接线端子（1040）固定连接并与第一接线端子电连接；末屏接头（1030），与电容芯子中的末屏电连接，用于在变压器套管运行时将末屏接地。该变压器套管结构简单，能够节省成本、减少生产工序以及提高生产效率。

Description

变压器套管 技术领域
本申请涉及输电技术领域，特别是涉及一种变压器套管。
背景技术
变压器套管是电力系统中广泛应用的高压器件，它固定安装在变压器的壳体上，一端裸露在变压器外部，与电缆等外部导电体电连接，另一端伸入变压器内部，与变压器中的内部引线电连接，从而变压器的输出电流通过变压器套管导向电缆等外部导电体，或者电缆等外部导电体中的电流通过变压器套管导向变压器。
目前电容式套管分为油纸电容式和胶纸电容式，而油纸电容式按照载流结构又分为穿缆式和导管载流式，其中导管载流式按接线端子与套管的连接方式又分为直接式和穿杆式。
本申请的发明人在长期的研究中发现，现有的油纸电容式套管结构复杂，元件较多，容易导致元件之间接触不良。
发明内容
本申请的目的是提供一种变压器套管，能够节省成本、减少生产工序以及提高生产效率。
为达到上述目的，本申请采用的技术方案是：提供一种变压器套管，包括：绝缘管，沿轴向设置为中空结构；电容芯子，包括穿设所述绝缘管的载流杆以及位于所述绝缘管内部且在所述载流杆外侧依次卷绕的多层绝缘层和多层电容屏，其中，所述载流杆延伸出所述绝缘管之外的一端与第一接线端子固定连接并与所述第一接线端子电连接；末屏接头，与所述电容芯子中的末屏电连接，用于在所述变压器套管运行时将所述末屏接地。
其中，还包括：储油柜，固定在所述绝缘管的一端并与所述绝缘管连通，其中，所述载流杆的所述一端自所述绝缘管穿过所述储油柜，与位于所述储油柜外部的所述第一接线端子固定连接。
其中，所述载流杆沿所述轴向设置为中空结构，所述载流杆位于所述绝缘管和/或所述储油柜内部且不被所述绝缘层和所述电容屏覆盖的侧壁上设有若干个通孔。
其中，还包括：第一端盖，封盖所述载流杆延伸出所述绝缘管之外的另一端，所述第一端盖远离所述载流杆的一侧固定有第二接线端子，所述第一端盖电连接所述载流杆与所述第二接线端子。
其中，还包括：圆螺母，紧密套设于所述载流杆外围并封盖所述绝缘管的另一端，同时所述第一端盖抵接所述圆螺母远离所述绝缘管一侧的端面；垫片，所述垫片为环形结构，所述垫片的内环面和外环面均为非圆面，其中，所述垫片卡设在所述载流杆和所述圆螺母之间，所述载流杆与所述内环面匹配贴合，所述圆螺母与所述外环面匹配贴合。
其中，所述垫片的内环面和外环面均为非圆面具体包括：所述外环面设有若干个第一卡槽，所述圆螺母正对所述垫片处的内壁设有与所述第一卡槽对应相配合的第一卡块；和/或，所述内环面设有若干个第二卡块，所述载流杆正对所述垫片处的外壁开有与所述第二卡块对应相配合的第二卡槽。
其中，所述绝缘管包括通过法兰连接的第一子绝缘管和第二子绝缘管，所述第一子绝缘管不与所述法兰连接的一端连接所述储油柜，所述第二子绝缘管不与所述法兰连接的一端连接所述圆螺母。
其中，所述末屏接头包括：接地柱，所述接地柱为导电件，包括与所述末屏的引出线连接的第一端部以及与所述第一端部相对的第二端部，其中，当所述接地柱插置在所述法兰上的安装孔中时，所述接地柱的所述第二端部远离所述安装孔；绝缘件，套设在所述接地柱的外围，用于隔离所述安装孔的孔壁和所述接地柱的外壁；压紧件，包括套设在所述绝缘件外围的环形板以及自所述环形板内周延伸的周壁，其中，当所述压紧件通过穿过所述环形板上的第一螺栓装配在所述法兰底座上而使所述接地柱以及所述绝缘件定位在所述安装孔内时，所述压紧件与所述法兰电连接，且所述压紧件的所述周壁远离所述法兰；接地座，其罩设所述压紧件并将所述接地柱的所述第二端部收容在所述接地座内，进而电连接所述压紧件与所述接地柱。
其中，所述绝缘件通过浇注工艺而套设在所述接地柱的外围，且所述接地柱与所述绝缘件接触的外壁设有若干第一凹槽。
其中，所述末屏的引出线缠绕在第二螺栓上，所述接地柱的所述第一端部设有与所述第二螺栓对应相配合的第二凹槽，以使所述第二螺栓可拆卸装配在所述第二凹槽内，进而实现所述末屏的引出线与所述接地柱的所述第一端部之间的连接。
本申请的有益效果是：本申请将电容芯子中载流杆延伸出绝缘管外的一端与第一接线端子固定连接并与第一接线端子电连接，以使变压器中的电流能够通过载流杆流向第一接线端子，或者第一接线端子中的电流能够通过载流杆流向变压器，也就是说，本申请直接利用电容芯子中的载流杆进行载流，相比现有技术中变压器套管一般都包括电容芯子中的卷制管以及穿设于卷制管中的载流杆，其结构简单，能够节省成本，且无需再进行卷制管与载流杆之间的绝缘制作，能够减少生产工序，提高生产效率。且本申请中的变压器套管还包括与电容芯子中末屏电连接的末屏接头，既能够保证变压器套管的正常运行，也能方便地对变压器套管进行高压试验。
同时本申请中的变压器套管还在载流杆与圆螺母之间设置垫片，该垫片为环形结构，其内环面和外环面均为非圆形，能够避免载流杆在变压器套管中转动。
另外本申请中的变压器套管的末屏接头具体包括接地柱、绝缘件、压紧件以及接地座，能够在进行高压试验时对变压器套管进行电容量、介损测量，以及在变压器套管正常运行时将末屏接地，保证电容芯子的场强分布均匀。同时相比现有技术，本申请无需设置小瓷件，结构简单、紧凑，且在装配时，只需要依次装配接地柱、绝缘件、压紧件，进而将压紧件通过第一螺栓固定在法兰上，然后将接地座罩设在压紧件上即可，方便、快捷。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例中的技术方案，下面将对实施例描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本申请的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。其中：
图1是本申请变压器套管一实施方式中的剖面结构示意图；
图2是图1中A处的放大示意图；
图3是图2中B处的放大示意图；
图4是图1中C处的放大示意图；
图5是一应用场景中载流杆、圆螺母以及垫片的爆炸结构示意图；
图6是一应用场景中垫片的正面结构示意图；
图7是另一应用场景中垫片的正面结构示意图；
图8是图1中D处的放大示意图；
图9是图8中E处的放大示意图；
图10是图9中接地柱和绝缘件的剖面结构示意图；
图11是图9中法兰的部分剖面结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部实施例。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性的劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本申请保护的范围。
参阅图1和图2，图1是本申请变压器套管一实施方式的剖面结构示意图，图2是图1中A处的放大示意图。本申请中的变压器套管可以是油纸电容式变压器套管，也可以是其他类型的套管，在此不做限制。变压器套管1000设置在变压器(图未示) 上，具体为固定在变压器的壳体上，其一端延伸出变压器的外部，另一端伸入变压器的内部，用于将变压器中的电流导向电缆等外部导电体，或将电缆等外部导电体中的电流导向变压器。在本实施方式中，变压器套管1000包括绝缘管1010、电容芯子1020以及末屏接头1030。
绝缘管1010沿轴向设置为中空结构，即为空心管。绝缘管1010采用纤维如玻璃纤维、芳纶纤维等缠绕成型，或采用模压等其他工艺制造。
电容芯子1020包括穿设绝缘管1010的载流杆1021以及位于绝缘管1010内部且在载流杆1021外侧依次卷绕的多层绝缘层和多层电容屏，其中为了图1的清晰度，多层绝缘层和多层电容屏作为一个整体用标号1022表示。载流杆1021由铜、铝或合金等导电材料制成，能够传输电流。同时载流杆1021延伸出绝缘管110之外的一端10211与第一接线端子1040固定连接并与第一接线端子1040电连接。具体地，第一接线端子1040用于连接电缆等外部导电体，当载流杆1021与第一接线端子1040电连接时，载流杆1021与第一接线端子1040连接的电缆等外部导电体电连接。在本实施方式中，电容芯子1020中的载流杆1021具体用于载流，以使变压器中的电流通过载流杆1021流入第一接线端子1040，进而流入与第一接线端子1040连接的电缆等外部导电体，或者使电缆等外部导电体中的电流依次通过第一接线端子1040、载流杆1021流向变压器。从而相比现有技术中变压器套管既包括电容芯子中的卷制管，也包括穿设在卷制管中、用于载流的载流杆，本实施方式中的变压器套管1000结构简单，能够节省成本，且无需进行卷制管与载流杆之间的绝缘制作，能够减少生产工序，提高生产效率。
末屏接头1030与电容芯子1020中的末屏(图未示)，即电容芯子1020中最外一层电容屏电连接，用于在变压器套管1000运行时将末屏接地而保证变压器套管1000内部的场强分布均匀，以及在进行高压试验时对变压器套管1000进行电容量、介损测量。
从上述内容可以看出，本申请中的变压器套管1000一方面直接使用电容芯子1020中的载流杆1021传输变压器和电缆等外部导电体之间的电流，即进行载流，结构简单，能够减少生产工序，提高生产效率；另一方面设置了末屏接头1030，既能保证变压器套管1000的正常运行，也能便于进行高压试验。
在一应用场景中，载流杆1021的一端10211直接与第一接线端子1040固定连接，两者之间无其他连接元件，从而在载流杆1021与第一接线端子1040之间传输的电流不会经过其他元件，能够减少电流在传输过程中的过渡。另外载流杆1021直接与第一接线端子1040固定连接也能够减少变压器套管1000中的元件个数，保证元件之间接触良好。当然在其他应用场景中，只要保证载流杆1021与第一接线端子1040能够电连接，载流杆1021的一端10211也可以通过其他连接元件与第一接 线端子1040固定连接，在此不做限制。
由于本申请中的载流杆1021需要传输电缆等外部导电体与变压器之间的电流，因此在变压器套管1000运行的过程中载流杆1021需要承载较大的电流，进而产生较多的热量。为了及时散去载流杆1021产生的热量，在一应用场景中，绝缘管1010内填充有变压器油(图未示)。在变压器套管1000工作时，绝缘管1010中温度较高的变压器油和温度较低的变压器油发生对流，从而散去载流杆1021产生的热量，避免其温度过高。而在该应用场景中，为了绝缘管1010在任何气温、运行情况下都能够充满变压器油，继续参阅图1和图2，变压器套管1000还包括储油柜1050。当绝缘管1010中的变压器油的体积随着气温、运行情况而膨胀或缩小时，储油柜1050能够起到调节油量的作用。
具体地，储油柜1050固定在绝缘管1010的一端10101并与绝缘管1010连通，同时载流杆1021的一端10211自绝缘管1010穿过储油柜1050，与位于储油柜1050外部的第一接线端子1040固定连接。当绝缘管1010中变压器油的体积膨胀时，绝缘管1010中多余的变压器油流向储油柜1050，即储油柜1050此时起到储油的作用，当绝缘管1010中变压器油的体积缩小时，储油柜1050中的变压器油流向绝缘管1010，即储油柜1050此时起到补油的作用。
在该应用场景中，继续参阅图1和图2，为了进一步提高载流杆1021的散热性能，载流杆1021也为空心管，即沿轴向设置为中空结构，同时载流杆1021位于绝缘管1010和/或储油柜1050内部且不被绝缘层和电容屏覆盖的侧壁10212上设有若干个通孔10213，其中，若干个通孔10213既可以只位于绝缘管1010或储油柜1050中，也可以同时分布在绝缘管1010和储油柜1050中。通过设置通孔10213，变压器油能够在载流杆1021的内外两侧形成循环，显著降低载流杆1021的温度。其中值得注意的是，由于电流具有趋肤效应，即电流通过导体时，由于感应作用引起导体界面上电流分布不均匀，越靠近导体表面电流的密度越大，特别是电流的频率很高时，电流几乎只在导体的表面传输，导体的内部几乎不通过电流，因此本应用场景将载流杆1021设置为空心管而不是实心管，不仅不会影响载流杆1021的载流效率还能够节省材料。
继续参阅图1，为了进一步提高变压器油的流动性，若干个通孔10213分布在载流杆1021被绝缘层和电容屏覆盖区域10221的两侧。通过将若干个通孔10213分布在区域10221的两侧，相比只设置在区域10221的一侧，其流动性更强，能够加快载流杆1021的散热。
参阅图1、图2以及图3，在一应用场景中，变压器套管1000还包括第二端盖1060，用于封盖载流杆1021穿过储油柜1050的一端10211。具体地，在装配变压器套管1000之前，第二端盖1060不封盖载流杆1021，从而可对载流杆1021进行 预清洗以保证载流杆1021的清洁度，同时在对变压器套管1000进行预清洗后，将第二端盖1060封盖在载流杆1021的一端10211，此时第二端盖1060与载流杆1021的一端10211可拆卸连接或不可拆卸连接，例如第二端盖1060与载流杆1021通过螺纹连接、过盈配合连接，或者将第二端盖1060直接焊接在载流杆1021上，从而当变压器套管1000正常运行时，第二端盖1060可以避免变压器油向外流出或被外界潮气入侵。
其中，载流杆1021穿过储油柜1050的一端10211的内侧壁具有台阶部10214，以形成与第二端盖1060接触的第一接触面10215和第二接触面10216。同时第二端盖1060包括平板1061以及自平板1061的板面10611凸起的凸柱1062，当第二端盖1060封盖载流杆1021的一端10211时，凸柱1062伸入载流杆1021内，并使平板1061的板面10611抵接第一接触面10215，凸柱1062的端面10621抵接第二接触面10216。
参阅图1和图4，在一应用场景中，变压器套管1000还包括第一端盖1070。第一端盖1070封盖载流杆1021延伸出绝缘管1010之外的另一端10217，同时第一端盖1070远离载流杆1021的一侧固定有第二接线端子1080，第一端盖1070电连接载流杆1021与第二接线端子1080。具体地，第一端盖1070与载流杆1021通过螺纹等方式连接，第二接线端子1080位于变压器的内部，与变压器的内部引线连接，第二接线端子1080固定在第一端盖1070上，第一端盖1070为导电元件，从而变压器的输出电流依次自第二接线端子1080、第一端盖1070、载流杆1021流向第一接线端子1040。
其中，为了封盖绝缘管1010的另一端10102，即绝缘管1010不与储油柜1050连接的一端，变压器套管1000还包括圆螺母1090。圆螺母1090紧密套设于载流杆1021的外围，并固定在绝缘管1010的另一端10102，从而通过圆螺母1090的端面封盖绝缘管1010的另一端10102，同时第一端盖1070抵接圆螺母1090远离绝缘管1010一侧的端面，并通过螺栓等元件与圆螺母1090固定连接。其中需要说明的是，在其他实施方式中，也可以不设置圆螺母1090，而是通过第一端盖1070同时封盖载流杆1021的另一端10217和绝缘管1010的另一端10102。
在一应用场景中，继续参阅图4，圆螺母1090上设有与绝缘管1010连通的放油口1200，放油口1200中装配有匹配的放油塞1210。具体地，当绝缘管1010内部的变压器油需要更换时，取下放油塞1210，此时由于放油塞1210设置在变压器套管1000的端部，因此绝缘管1010内部的变压器油能够流净。
上述实施方式中的变压器套管1000采用电容芯子1020中的载流杆1021直接载流，而由于一般流过载流杆1021的电流较大，与第一接线端子1040连接的电缆等外部导电体较粗，因此在变压器套管1000运行中会对载流杆1021产生较大的转矩 力，而为了防止载流杆1021在变压器套管1000运行时发生转动，同时方便安装固定并且不易失效，参阅图4和图5，在本申请另一实施方式中，变压器套管1000还包括垫片1100。
垫片1100为环形结构，且垫片1100的内环面1110和外环面1120均为非圆面，其中垫片1100卡设在载流杆1021和圆螺母1090之间，载流杆1021与垫片1100的内环面1110匹配贴合，圆螺母1090与垫片1100的外环面1120匹配贴合。由于垫片1100的外环面1120和内环面1110均为非圆面，而垫片1100卡设在载流杆1021和圆螺母1090之间，因此垫片1100相对于圆螺母1090无法转动，进而与垫片1100匹配贴合的载流杆1021相对圆螺母1090也无法转动，而由于圆螺母1090与绝缘管1010固定连接，因此载流杆1021相对绝缘管1010无法转动，即无论电缆等外部导电体产生多大的转矩力，载流杆1021也不会在变压器套管1000中转动，并且不同于现有技术中的容易失效的密封圈卡紧方式以及不方便操作的螺纹旋紧方式，垫片1100方便安装固定。其中需要说明的是，本实施方式为了安装的便捷性，将垫片1100设置在圆螺母1090与载流杆1021之间，但是本申请并不限制垫片1100的位置，在其他实施方式中，垫片1100还可以设置在例如载流杆1021与储油柜1050之间、载流杆1021与第一端盖1070之间等其他适当的位置。
在一应用场景中，参阅图5、图6和图7，垫片1100的内环面1110和外环面1120均为非圆面具体包括：垫片1100的外环面1120设有若干个第一卡槽1121，圆螺母1090正对垫片1100处的内壁设有与第一卡槽1121对应相配合的第一卡块1092，垫片1100的外环面1120与圆螺母1090的内壁通过第一卡块1092与第一卡槽1121相互卡合而匹配贴合，其中第一卡槽1121和第一卡块1092的数量对应相同，可以为一个、四个或更多个，在此不做限制。在另一应用场景中，垫片1100的内环面1110和外环面1120均为非圆面具体包括：垫片1100的内环面1110设有若干个第二卡块1111，载流杆1021正对垫片1100处的外壁开有与第二卡块1111对应相配合的第二卡槽10218，垫片1100的内环面1110与载流杆1021的外壁通过第二卡块1111和第二卡槽10218相互卡合而匹配贴合，其中第二卡槽10218和第二卡块1111的数量对应相同，可以为一个、三个、四个更多个，在此不做限制。需要说明的是，在其他应用场景中，垫片1100的内环面1110和外环面1120均为非圆面具体还可以包括：垫片1100的内环面1110和外环面1120为椭圆面或其他异形面。其中需要说明的是，本申请只要垫片1100卡设在载流杆1021和圆螺母1090之间后，载流杆1021无法自由转动即可，在此对垫片1100的内环面1110和外环面1120的形状不做限制。
在一应用场景中，垫片1100沿垂直于其中心轴的截面是以截面的中心为对称点的轴对称图形(如图6所示)或中心对称图形(如图7所示)，以保证垫片1100整体受力均匀，能承受更大的压力。
在一应用场景中，参阅图4，进一步为了安装的便捷性，圆螺母1090远离绝缘管1010一侧的端面设有供垫片1100卡入的第三凹槽1091，第一端盖1070同时与圆螺母1090和垫片1100的端面抵接。具体地，在安装时，先将载流杆1021穿设绝缘管1010和圆螺母1090，然后从直接圆螺母1090远离绝缘管1010的一侧将垫片1100放入第三凹槽1091中，使垫片1100的内环面1110与载流杆1021贴合，外环面1120与圆螺母1090贴合，最终保证载流杆1021无法转动。
在一应用场景中，参阅图1、图2、图4和图8，绝缘管1010包括通过法兰1011连接的第一子绝缘管1012和第二子绝缘管1013，第一子绝缘管1012不与法兰1011连接的一端，即绝缘管1010的一端10101连接储油柜1050，第二子绝缘管1013不与法兰1011连接的一端，即绝缘管1010的另一端10102连接圆螺母1090。当将变压器套管1000装配到变压器上时，变压器套管1000通过法兰1011固定在变压器的壳体上，同时第二子绝缘管1013伸入变压器的内部，第一子绝缘管1012延伸出变压器的外部。其中为了保护延伸出外部的第一子绝缘管1012，第一子绝缘管1012外周面包覆有绝缘层1014，绝缘层1014为一体注射成型的硅橡胶伞裙，其中硅橡胶伞裙具有良好的憎水性和抗老化性，使用寿命高，能够有效保护第一子绝缘管1012。
上述实施方式中，通过在载流杆1021与圆螺母1090之间设置环形结构的垫片1100，且垫片1100的内环面1110和外环面1120均为非圆形，能够保证载流杆1021在变压器套管1000中无法转动。
参阅图9至图11，在本申请另一实施方式中，末屏接头1030具体包括：接地柱1031、绝缘件1032、压紧件1033以及接地座1034。
接地柱1031为导电件，包括相对设置的第一端部10311和第二端部10312，接地柱1031的第一端部10311与末屏(图未示)的引出线1035连接，且当引出线1035与第一端部10311连接时，接地柱1031与引出线1035之间直接电连接，其中，当接地柱1031插置在法兰1011上的安装孔10111中时，接地柱1031的第二端部10312远离安装孔10111；绝缘件1032由绝缘材料制成，套设在接地柱1031的外围，用于隔离安装孔10111的孔壁和接地柱1031的外壁，也就是说，绝缘件1032的设置使接地柱1031与法兰1011之间不直接接触；压紧件1033包括套设在绝缘件1032外围的环形板10331以及自环形板10331内周延伸的周壁10332，当末屏接头1030安装在变压器套管1000上时，压紧件1033通过穿过环形板10331上的第一螺栓1036装配在法兰1011上而使接地柱1031以及绝缘件1032定位在安装孔10111内，且当压紧件1033固定在法兰1011上时，压紧件1033与法兰1011电连接，压紧件1033的周壁10332远离法兰1011；接地座1034罩设压紧件1033并将接地柱1031的第二端部10312收容在接地座1034内，进而电连接压紧件1033与接地柱1031，也就 是说，当接地座1034罩设在压紧件1033上时，法兰1011、接地座1034以及接地柱1031之间电连接。在一应用场景中，压紧件1033、接地座1034与接地柱1031相同，均为导电件，且接地柱1031、压紧件1033以及接地座1034可均由铝、铜、不锈钢等材料制成。
其中，在变压器套管1000正常运行前预先装配好末屏接头1030：将接地柱1031插置在法兰1011的安装孔10111内，并使其第一端部10311与末屏的引出线1035连接，然后将绝缘件1032套设在接地柱1031的外侧，进一步地，将压紧件1033通过第一螺栓1036固定在法兰1011上而使接地柱1031和绝缘件1032定位在安装孔10111内，最后将接地座1034罩设在压紧件1033上而使接地柱1031的第二端部10312收容在接地座1034内，其中接地座1034可以通过螺纹连接、过盈配合连接等方式罩设在压紧件1033上。在将末屏接头1030装配完毕后，由于法兰1011通过变压器的外壳(图未示)接地，因此接地柱1031依次通过接地座1034、压紧件1033、法兰1011以及变压器外壳接地，从而实现将末屏接地，最终保证变压器套管1000内部的场强分布均匀。而在对变压器套管1000进行高压试验时，直接拆卸接地座1034，此时由于接地柱1031与法兰1011之间通过绝缘件1032绝缘，因此接地柱1031不再与法兰1011电连接，进而末屏不再接地，最终可以对变压器套管1000的电容量、介损进行测量。而当高压试验完毕后，直接在压紧件1033外侧装配好接地座1034能够再次保证末屏接地。
从上述内容可以看出，本实施方式中的末屏接头1030无需增加小瓷件，结构简单，有利于变压器套管1000的小型化发展，且装配时，在将接地柱1031和绝缘件1032放置在安装孔10111内并套设压紧件1033后，直接旋紧第一螺栓1036以及接地座1034即可，装配方便。另外在进行高压试验时，只需拆卸取下接地座1034，且此时由于接地座1034与接地柱1031处于分离状态，工作人员可以直接观察到接地柱1031的情况，以在其存在缺陷时及时进行更换，确保接地可靠性。
在一应用场景中，接地柱1031为圆柱体，且为了进一步缩小末屏接头1030的体积，以及保证接地柱1031与绝缘件1032之间的密封性而避免外部潮气、灰尘等入侵，绝缘件1032通过浇注工艺直接套设在接地柱1031的外围。其中在制备末屏接头1030时，将接地柱1031放入机器内进而直接在接地柱1031的外侧浇注聚四氟乙烯或环氧树脂等绝缘材料，进而形成绝缘件1032。通过在接地柱1031外侧直接浇注形成绝缘件1032，使接地柱1031与绝缘件1032之间接触牢固、密封性能好以及结构紧凑，因此无需再加装密封圈，能够有效减小末屏接头1030的体积。当然在其他应用场景中，接地柱1031与绝缘件1032也可以彼此独立，可拆卸装配在一起，在此不做限制。
进一步地，在该应用场景中为了增加接地柱1031与绝缘件1032之间的接触面 积以增强两者之间的接触牢固性，参阅图10，接地柱1031与绝缘件1032接触的外壁设有若干第一凹槽10313。其中第一凹槽10313环绕接地柱1031设置，其数量可以为1个、2个、3个或者更多个，在此不做限制。另外本申请对第一凹槽10313的深度也不做限制，可由设计人员根据具体需求进行设计。
在一应用场景中，为了便于更换末屏接头1030，继续参阅图9和图10，末屏的引出线1035缠绕在第二螺栓1037上，相应地，接地柱1031的第一端部10311设有与第二螺栓1037对应相配合的第二凹槽10314，其中第二螺栓1037可拆卸装配在第二凹槽10314内。具体地，末屏的引出线1035的一端焊接在末屏上，另一端缠绕在第二螺栓1037上，从而将第二螺栓1037装配在第二凹槽10314内实现末屏的引出线1035与接地柱1031的第一端部10311之间的连接。在该应用场景中，通过将末屏的引出线1035缠绕在第二螺栓1037上，当因为老化、事故等原因需要对末屏接头1030进行更换时，可直接分离第二螺栓1037与接地柱1031，操作方便。
在一应用场景中，参阅图9和图11，安装孔10111在其轴向上的截面形状为阶梯状，以使安装孔10111在其轴向上形成一个承载面10112。当压紧件1033装配在法兰1011上时，绝缘件1032的至少部分夹持在环形板10331与承载面10112之间，进而实现将绝缘件1032和接地柱1031定位在安装孔10111内。也就是说，通过压紧件1033与承载面10112的夹持，接地柱1031与绝缘件1032无法再沿着安装孔10111的轴向运动。另外为了使接地柱1031与绝缘件1032也无法沿着安装孔10111的径向运动，绝缘件1032被压紧件1033和承载面10112夹持部分的四周与安装孔10111的孔壁贴合，从而保证接地柱1031和绝缘件1032在安装孔10111内无法运动，即定位在安装孔10111内。
在一应用场景中，参阅图9和图10，为了保证接地柱1031收容在接地座1034内时与接地座1034之间的电连接，接地柱1031的第二端部10312设有多个弹性金属片1038，弹性金属片1038的延伸方向与接地柱1031的轴向方向相同。
弹性金属片1038的两端部固定在接地柱1031上，在不受外力时，弹性金属片1038的中部10381向远离接地柱1031的方向扩张，当接地柱1031的第二端部1102收容在接地座1034内时，接地座1034向弹性金属片1038施加作用力，从而使多个弹性金属片1038能够弹性支撑在接地柱1031与接地座1034之间，进而保证接地柱1031与接地座1034之间的电连接。其中，多个弹性金属片1038沿着接地柱1031的周向均匀间隔分布，且为了在多次插拔接地座1034后，多个弹性金属片1038依然能够保持良好的弹性，弹性金属片1038采用铜等机械性能良好的材料制成。
参阅图1至图9，在本申请另一实施方式中，储油柜1050通过胶装的方式和绝缘管1010、载流杆1021固定连接，圆螺母1090通过胶装的方式与绝缘管1010连接，法兰1011通过胶装的方式分别与第一绝缘管1012、第二绝缘管1013连接。具 体地，储油柜1050与绝缘管1010的接触面、储油柜1050与载流杆1021的接触面、圆螺母1090与绝缘管1010的接触面、法兰1011与第一绝缘管1012的接触面以及法兰1011与第二绝缘管1013的接触面均设有胶装槽1300，胶装槽1300内填充有用于固定的胶装材料，例如树脂胶等。
进一步为了提高变压器套管1000密封性能，在一应用场景中，变压器套管1000还包括多个密封圈1400。具体地，第二端盖1060与载流杆1021的接触面、储油柜1050与绝缘管1010的接触面、绝缘管1010与圆螺母1090的接触面、载流杆1021与圆螺母1090的接触面、第一端盖1070与圆螺母1090的接触面、第一端盖1070与载流杆1021的接触面、接地座1034与压紧件1033的接触面、压紧件1033与绝缘件1032的接触面、压紧件1033与法兰1011的接触面、绝缘件1032与承载面10112的接触面均设有密封圈1400。通过多个密封圈1400的设置，既能避免绝缘管1010中的变压器油通过各个元件的接触面渗漏至外部，发生漏油现象，也能防止外部潮气、污染物等入侵。且部分密封圈1400，例如绝缘管1010与圆螺母1090之间的密封圈1400、绝缘管1010与储油柜1050之间的密封圈1400还能避免变压器油与胶装槽1300中的胶装材料接触，从而避免油质产生污染而影响变压器套管1000的电气性能。其中，密封圈1400沿轴向的横截面可以是圆形、长方形等形状，在此不做限制。
总而言之，本申请将电容芯子中载流杆延伸出绝缘管外的一端与第一接线端子固定连接并与第一接线端子电连接，以使变压器中的电流能够通过载流杆流向第一接线端子，或者第一接线端子中的电流能够通过载流杆流向变压器，也就是说，本申请直接利用电容芯子中的载流杆进行载流，相比现有技术中变压器套管一般都包括电容芯子中的卷制管以及穿设卷制管中的载流杆，其结构简单，能够节省成本，且无需再进行卷制管与载流杆之间的绝缘制作，能够减少生产工序，提高生产效率。且本申请中的变压器套管还包括与电容芯子中末屏电连接的末屏接头，既能够保证变压器套管的正常运行，也能用于对变压器套管进行高压试验。
同时本申请中的变压器套管还在载流杆与圆螺母之间设置垫片，该垫片为环形结构，其内环面和外环面均为非圆形，能够避免载流杆在变压器套管中转动。
另外本申请中的变压器套管末屏接头具体包括接地柱、绝缘件、压紧件以及接地座，能够在进行高压试验时对变压器套管进行电容量、介损测量，以及在变压器套管正常运行时将末屏接地，保证电容芯子的场强分布均匀。同时相比现有技术，本申请无需设置小瓷件，结构简单、紧凑，且在装配时，只需要依次装配接地柱、绝缘件、压紧件，进而将压紧件通过第一螺栓固定在法兰上，然后将接地座罩设在压紧件上即可，方便、快捷。
以上所述仅为本申请的实施方式，并非因此限制本申请的专利范围，凡是利用 本申请说明书及附图内容所作的等效结构或等效流程变换，或直接或间接运用在其他相关的技术领域，均同理包括在本申请的专利保护范围内。

Claims (13)

  1. 一种变压器套管，其特征在于，包括：
    绝缘管，沿轴向设置为中空结构；
    电容芯子，包括穿设所述绝缘管的载流杆以及位于所述绝缘管内部且在所述载流杆外侧依次卷绕的多层绝缘层和多层电容屏，其中，所述载流杆延伸出所述绝缘管之外的一端与第一接线端子固定连接并与所述第一接线端子电连接；
    末屏接头，与所述电容芯子中的末屏电连接，用于在所述变压器套管运行时将所述末屏接地。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的变压器套管，其特征在于，还包括：
    储油柜，固定在所述绝缘管的一端并与所述绝缘管连通，其中，所述载流杆的所述一端自所述绝缘管穿过所述储油柜，与位于所述储油柜外部的所述第一接线端子固定连接。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的变压器套管，其特征在于，
    所述载流杆沿所述轴向设置为中空结构，所述载流杆位于所述绝缘管和/或所述储油柜内部且不被所述绝缘层和所述电容屏覆盖的侧壁上设有若干个通孔。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的变压器套管，其特征在于，还包括：
    第一端盖，封盖所述载流杆延伸出所述绝缘管之外的另一端，所述第一端盖远离所述载流杆的一侧固定有第二接线端子，所述第一端盖电连接所述载流杆与所述第二接线端子。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的变压器套管，其特征在于，还包括：
    第二端盖，封盖所述载流杆穿过所述储油柜的一端，且所述载流杆穿过所述储油柜的一端的内侧壁具有台阶部，以形成与所述第二端盖接触的第一接触面和第二接触面；
    所述第二端盖包括平板以及自所述平板的板面凸起的凸柱，其中，所述平板的板面抵接所述第一接触面，所述凸柱的端面抵接所述第二接触面。
  6. 根据权利要求4所述的变压器套管，其特征在于，还包括：
    圆螺母，紧密套设于所述载流杆外围并封盖所述绝缘管的另一端，同时所述第一端盖抵接所述圆螺母远离所述绝缘管一侧的端面；
    垫片，所述垫片为环形结构，所述垫片的内环面和外环面均为非圆面，其中，所述垫片卡设在所述载流杆和所述圆螺母之间，所述载流杆与所述内环面匹配贴合，所述圆螺母与所述外环面匹配贴合。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的变压器套管，其特征在于，所述垫片的内环面和外环面均为非圆面具体包括：
    所述外环面设有若干个第一卡槽，所述圆螺母正对所述垫片处的内壁设有与所 述第一卡槽对应相配合的第一卡块；和/或，
    所述内环面设有若干个第二卡块，所述载流杆正对所述垫片处的外壁开有与所述第二卡块对应相配合的第二卡槽。
  8. 根据权利要求6所述的变压器套管，其特征在于，
    所述绝缘管包括通过法兰连接的第一子绝缘管和第二子绝缘管，所述第一子绝缘管不与所述法兰连接的一端连接所述储油柜，所述第二子绝缘管不与所述法兰连接的一端连接所述圆螺母。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的变压器套管，其特征在于，所述末屏接头包括：
    接地柱，所述接地柱为导电件，包括与所述末屏的引出线连接的第一端部以及与所述第一端部相对的第二端部，其中，当所述接地柱插置在所述法兰上的安装孔中时，所述接地柱的所述第二端部远离所述安装孔；
    绝缘件，套设在所述接地柱的外围，用于隔离所述安装孔的孔壁和所述接地柱的外壁；
    压紧件，包括套设在所述绝缘件外围的环形板以及自所述环形板内周延伸的周壁，其中，当所述压紧件通过穿过所述环形板上的第一螺栓装配在所述法兰底座上而使所述接地柱以及所述绝缘件定位在所述安装孔内时，所述压紧件与所述法兰电连接，且所述压紧件的所述周壁远离所述法兰；
    接地座，其罩设所述压紧件并将所述接地柱的所述第二端部收容在所述接地座内，进而电连接所述压紧件与所述接地柱。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的变压器套管，其特征在于，
    所述安装孔在其轴向上的截面形状为阶梯状，以使所述安装孔在其轴向上形成一个承载面，当所述压紧件装配在所述法兰上时，所述绝缘件的至少部分夹持在所述环形板与所述承载面之间，进而实现将所述绝缘件和所述接地柱定位在所述安装孔内。
  11. 根据权利要求9所述的变压器套管，其特征在于，
    所述绝缘件通过浇注工艺而套设在所述接地柱的外围，且所述接地柱与所述绝缘件接触的外壁设有若干第一凹槽。
  12. 根据权利要求9所述的变压器套管，其特征在于，
    所述接地柱的所述第二端部设有多个弹性金属片，所述弹性金属片的延伸方向与所述接地柱的轴向方向相同，所述弹性金属片的两端部固定在所述接地柱上，所述弹性金属片的中部向远离所述接地柱的方向扩张，当所述接地柱的所述第二端部收容在所述接地座内时，多个所述弹性金属片弹性支撑在所述接地柱与所述接地座之间。
  13. 根据权利要求9所述的变压器套管，其特征在于，
    所述末屏的引出线缠绕在第二螺栓上，所述接地柱的所述第一端部设有与所述第二螺栓对应相配合的第二凹槽，以使所述第二螺栓可拆卸装配在所述第二凹槽内，进而实现所述末屏的引出线与所述接地柱的所述第一端部之间的连接。
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