WO2020184990A1

WO2020184990A1 - Image encoding/decoding method and apparatus using ibc prediction, and method for transmitting bitstream

Info

Publication number: WO2020184990A1
Application number: PCT/KR2020/003409
Authority: WO
Inventors: 장형문
Original assignee: 엘지전자 주식회사
Priority date: 2019-03-11
Filing date: 2020-03-11
Publication date: 2020-09-17

Abstract

An image encoding/decoding method and apparatus are provided. An image decoding method according to the disclosure comprises the steps of: determining a prediction mode of a current block on the basis of prediction mode information about the current block acquired from a bitstream; determining a motion vector of the current block on the basis of a motion vector candidate derived from a peripheral block of the current block when the prediction mode of the current block is an intra block copy (IBC) mode; determining a prediction block of the current block on the basis of the motion vector; and generating a restoration block of the current block by using the prediction block. The motion vector of the present block can be determined on the basis of the information about the motion vector candidate and the size of the current block.

Description

Image encoding/decoding method, apparatus, and bitstream transmission method using IBC prediction

The present disclosure relates to an image encoding/decoding method and apparatus, and more particularly, a method and apparatus for encoding/decoding an image using IBC prediction, and transmitting a bitstream generated by the image encoding method/apparatus of the present disclosure. It's about how to do it.

Recently, demand for high-resolution and high-quality images such as high definition (HD) images and ultra high definition (UHD) images is increasing in various fields. As the image data becomes high-resolution and high-quality, the amount of information or bits to be transmitted increases relative to the existing image data. An increase in the amount of information or bits to be transmitted causes an increase in transmission cost and storage cost.

Accordingly, there is a need for a highly efficient image compression technology for effectively transmitting, storing, and reproducing information of high-resolution and high-quality images.

An object of the present disclosure is to provide an image encoding/decoding method and apparatus with improved encoding/decoding efficiency.

In addition, an object of the present disclosure is to provide a method and apparatus for encoding/decoding an image using IBC prediction.

In addition, the present disclosure is to provide an image encoding/decoding method and apparatus for performing IBC prediction by using a block of a reconstructed region as a prediction block when a prediction block overlaps a current block and thus cannot be used as a prediction block during IBC prediction. The purpose.

In addition, an object of the present disclosure is to provide a method for transmitting a bitstream generated by an image encoding method or apparatus according to the present disclosure.

Further, an object of the present disclosure is to provide a recording medium storing a bitstream generated by an image encoding method or apparatus according to the present disclosure.

In addition, an object of the present disclosure is to provide a recording medium storing a bitstream that is received and decoded by an image decoding apparatus according to the present disclosure and used for image restoration.

The technical problems to be achieved in the present disclosure are not limited to the technical problems mentioned above, and other technical problems that are not mentioned will be clearly understood by those of ordinary skill in the technical field to which the present disclosure belongs from the following description. I will be able to.

An image decoding method according to an aspect of the present disclosure includes an image decoding method performed by an image decoding apparatus, comprising: determining a prediction mode of the current block based on prediction mode information of the current block obtained from a bitstream; When the prediction mode of the current block is an intra block copy (IBC) mode, determining a motion vector of the current block based on a motion vector candidate derived from a neighboring block of the current block; Determining a prediction block of the current block based on the motion vector; And generating a reconstructed block of the current block by using the prediction block. The motion vector of the current block may be determined based on the motion vector candidate and information on the size of the current block.

The motion vector of the current block may be determined based on an x component of the motion vector candidate, a y component of the motion vector candidate, a width of the current block, and a height of the current block.

The determining of the motion vector of the current block may include, if the absolute value of the x component of the motion vector candidate is less than the width of the current block, and the absolute value of the y component of the motion vector candidate is less than the height of the current block, the Modifying the motion vector candidate; And determining a motion vector of the current block based on the modified motion vector candidate.

The step of modifying the motion vector candidate may be performed based on at least one of a height and a width of the current block. Here, the step of modifying the motion vector candidate is performed by replacing the absolute value of the x component of the motion vector candidate with a predetermined value equal to or greater than the width of the current block, or the absolute value of the y component of the motion vector candidate is the current block. Or the absolute value of the x component of the motion vector candidate is replaced with a predetermined value equal to or greater than the width of the current block, and the absolute value of the y component of the motion vector candidate is the height of the current block. This can be done by substituting the above predetermined values.

In addition, the step of modifying the motion vector candidate is performed by applying the same scaling factor to the x component and the y component of the motion vector candidate, and the scaling factor is an absolute value of the x component of the modified motion vector candidate. It may be set to have a value equal to or greater than the width of the current block or an absolute value of the y component of the modified motion vector candidate equal to or greater than the height of the current block.

In the determining of the motion vector of the current block, the sum of the upper left x coordinate of the candidate reference block indicated by the motion vector candidate and the width of the current block is greater than the upper left x coordinate of the current block, and the If the sum of the upper left y-coordinate of the candidate reference block and the height of the current block is greater than the upper-left y-coordinate of the current block, modifying the motion vector candidate; And determining a motion vector of the current block based on the modified motion vector candidate.

The determining of the motion vector of the current block may include constructing a motion vector candidate list using the motion vector candidate; And for each of the motion vector candidates included in the motion vector candidate list, modifying the motion vector candidate based on information about the motion vector candidate and the size of the current block.

The determining of the motion vector of the current block may include: modifying the motion vector candidate based on information on the motion vector candidate and the size of the current block; Constructing a motion vector candidate list using the modified motion vector candidate; And determining a motion vector of the current block based on the motion vector candidate list.

When there is no motion vector candidate identical to the modified motion vector candidate in the motion vector candidate list, the modified motion vector candidate may be included in the motion vector candidate list.

In addition, an image decoding apparatus according to an aspect of the present disclosure is an image decoding apparatus including a memory and at least one processor, wherein the at least one processor includes the current block based on prediction mode information of the current block obtained from a bitstream. A prediction mode of is determined, and when the prediction mode of the current block is an Intra Block Copy (IBC) mode, a motion vector of the current block is determined based on a motion vector candidate derived from a neighboring block of the current block, and the A prediction block of the current block is determined based on a motion vector, and a reconstructed block of the current block is generated using the prediction block, wherein the motion vector of the current block is the motion vector candidate and the size of the current block. It can be determined based on information.

In addition, an image encoding method performed by an image encoding apparatus according to an aspect of the present disclosure may include selecting a prediction mode of a current block; When the prediction mode of the current block is an Inter Block Copy (IBC) mode, generating a motion vector of the current block and a prediction block of the current block; And encoding the current block based on the prediction block, and encoding a motion vector of the current block based on a motion vector candidate derived from a neighboring block of the current block, wherein the motion vector of the current block is It may be encoded based on the motion vector candidate and information on the size of the current block.

A transmission method according to another aspect of the present disclosure may transmit a bitstream generated by the image encoding apparatus or image encoding method of the present disclosure.

A computer-readable recording medium according to another aspect of the present disclosure may store a bitstream generated by the image encoding method or image encoding apparatus of the present disclosure.

Features briefly summarized above with respect to the present disclosure are only exemplary aspects of the detailed description of the present disclosure described below, and do not limit the scope of the present disclosure.

According to the present disclosure, an image encoding/decoding method and apparatus with improved encoding/decoding efficiency may be provided.

In addition, according to the present disclosure, a method and apparatus for encoding/decoding an image by using a block of a reconstructed region as a prediction block when a prediction block overlaps a current block and cannot be used as a prediction block during IBC prediction can be provided. .

In addition, according to the present disclosure, a method for transmitting a bitstream generated by an image encoding method or apparatus according to the present disclosure may be provided.

Further, according to the present disclosure, a recording medium storing a bitstream generated by an image encoding method or apparatus according to the present disclosure may be provided.

In addition, according to the present disclosure, a recording medium may be provided that stores a bitstream that is received and decoded by the image decoding apparatus according to the present disclosure and used for image restoration.

The effects that can be obtained in the present disclosure are not limited to the effects mentioned above, and other effects not mentioned can be clearly understood by those of ordinary skill in the art from the following description. will be.

1 is a diagram schematically illustrating a video coding system to which an embodiment according to the present disclosure can be applied.

2 is a diagram schematically illustrating an image encoding apparatus to which an embodiment according to the present disclosure can be applied.

3 is a diagram schematically illustrating an image decoding apparatus to which an embodiment according to the present disclosure can be applied.

4 is a diagram showing a block division type according to a multi-type tree structure.

FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating a signaling mechanism of partitioning information of a quadtree with nested multi-type tree structure according to the present disclosure.

6 is a flowchart illustrating a video/video encoding method based on inter prediction.

7 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of an inter prediction unit 180 according to the present disclosure.

8 is a flowchart illustrating a video/video decoding method based on inter prediction.

9 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary configuration of an inter prediction unit 260 according to the present disclosure.

10 is a diagram illustrating neighboring blocks that can be used as spatial merge candidates.

11 is a diagram schematically illustrating a method of constructing a merge candidate list according to an example of the present disclosure.

12 is a diagram schematically illustrating a method of constructing a motion vector predictor candidate list according to an example of the present disclosure.

13 is a diagram illustrating a syntax structure for transmitting MVD from an image encoding device to an image decoding device according to an example of the present disclosure.

14 is a flowchart illustrating an IBC-based video/video encoding method.

15 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of a prediction unit that performs an IBC-based video/video encoding method according to the present disclosure.

16 is a flowchart illustrating an IBC-based video/video decoding method.

17 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of a prediction unit that performs an IBC-based video/video decoding method according to the present disclosure.

18 is a diagram illustrating an example of a current block and a candidate reference block, which are decoding target blocks.

19 is a diagram illustrating an embodiment in which a motion vector candidate of a current block is modified.

FIG. 20 is a diagram illustrating a method of performing decoding by updating a candidate reference block by a decoding apparatus according to an embodiment.

21 is a flowchart illustrating a method of determining availability of a candidate reference block by comparing a lower right position of a candidate reference block and an upper left position of a current block, by a decoding apparatus according to an embodiment.

22 is a flowchart illustrating a method of determining the availability of a candidate reference block based on information about a motion vector candidate and a size of a current block, by a decoding apparatus according to an embodiment.

23 is a diagram illustrating an embodiment of updating a candidate reference block in a horizontal direction.

24 is a diagram illustrating an embodiment of updating a candidate reference block in a vertical direction.

25 is a diagram illustrating an embodiment of updating a candidate reference block in a diagonal direction.

26 and 27 are diagrams for explaining an embodiment of updating a candidate reference block in a direction indicated by a motion vector candidate.

28 is a diagram illustrating an embodiment of performing decoding by applying an update of a motion vector candidate.

29 is a flowchart illustrating a method of constructing a motion vector candidate list by determining availability of a motion vector candidate by a decoding apparatus according to an embodiment.

30 is a flowchart illustrating a method of updating a motion vector candidate list by determining availability of a motion vector candidate included in the motion vector candidate list by the decoding apparatus according to an embodiment.

FIG. 31 is a diagram illustrating a method of encoding an image using updating of a candidate reference block or a motion vector candidate by an encoding apparatus according to an embodiment.

32 is a diagram illustrating a content streaming system to which an embodiment of the present disclosure can be applied.

Hereinafter, exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings so that those of ordinary skill in the art may easily implement the embodiments. However, the present disclosure may be implemented in various different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein.

In describing an embodiment of the present disclosure, when it is determined that a detailed description of a known configuration or function may obscure the subject matter of the present disclosure, a detailed description thereof will be omitted. In addition, parts not related to the description of the present disclosure in the drawings are omitted, and similar reference numerals are attached to similar parts.

In the present disclosure, when a component is said to be "connected", "coupled" or "connected" with another component, it is not only a direct connection relationship, but an indirect connection relationship in which another component exists in the middle It can also include. In addition, when a certain component "includes" or "have" another component, it means that other components may be further included rather than excluding other components unless otherwise stated. .

In the present disclosure, terms such as first and second are used only for the purpose of distinguishing one component from other components, and do not limit the order or importance of the components unless otherwise stated. Accordingly, within the scope of the present disclosure, a first component in one embodiment may be referred to as a second component in another embodiment, and similarly, a second component in one embodiment is a first component in another embodiment. It can also be called.

In the present disclosure, components that are distinguished from each other are intended to clearly describe each feature, and do not necessarily mean that the components are separated. That is, a plurality of components may be integrated to be formed in one hardware or software unit, or one component may be distributed in a plurality of hardware or software units. Therefore, even if not stated otherwise, such integrated or distributed embodiments are also included in the scope of the present disclosure.

In the present disclosure, the components described in various embodiments do not necessarily mean essential components, and some may be optional components. Accordingly, an embodiment consisting of a subset of components described in an embodiment is also included in the scope of the present disclosure. In addition, embodiments including other elements in addition to the elements described in the various embodiments are included in the scope of the present disclosure.

The present disclosure relates to encoding and decoding of an image, and terms used in the present disclosure may have a common meaning commonly used in the technical field to which the present disclosure belongs unless newly defined in the present disclosure.

In the present disclosure, a “picture” generally refers to a unit representing one image in a specific time period, and a slice/tile is a coding unit constituting a part of a picture, and one picture is one It may be composed of more than one slice/tile. In addition, a slice/tile may include one or more coding tree units (CTU).

In the present disclosure, "pixel" or "pel" may mean a minimum unit constituting one picture (or image). Also, as a term corresponding to a pixel, "sample" may be used. A sample may generally represent a pixel or a value of a pixel, may represent only a pixel/pixel value of a luma component, or may represent only a pixel/pixel value of a chroma component.

In the present disclosure, "unit" may represent a basic unit of image processing. The unit may include at least one of a specific area of a picture and information related to the corresponding area. The unit may be used interchangeably with terms such as "sample array", "block", or "area" depending on the case. In general, the MxN block may include samples (or sample arrays) consisting of M columns and N rows, or a set (or array) of transform coefficients.

In the present disclosure, "current block" may mean one of "current coding block", "current coding unit", "coding object block", "decoding object block", or "processing object block". When prediction is performed, “current block” may mean “current prediction block” or “prediction target block”. When transformation (inverse transformation)/quantization (inverse quantization) is performed, "current block" may mean "current transform block" or "transform target block". When filtering is performed, “current block” may mean “block to be filtered”.

In addition, in the present disclosure, "current block" may mean "a luma block of the current block" unless explicitly stated as a chroma block. The "chroma block of the current block" may be expressed by including an explicit description of a chroma block, such as "chroma block" or "current chroma block".

In the present disclosure, "/" and "," may be interpreted as "and/or". For example, "A/B" and "A, B" may be interpreted as "A and/or B". In addition, "A/B/C" and "A, B, C" may mean "at least one of A, B and/or C".

In the present disclosure, "or" may be interpreted as "and/or". For example, "A or B" may mean 1) only "A", 2) only "B", or 3) "A and B". Or, in the present disclosure, "or" may mean "additionally or alternatively".

비디오 코딩 시스템 개요Video coding system overview

1 shows a video coding system according to this disclosure.

A video coding system according to an embodiment may include an encoding device 10 and a decoding device 20. The encoding device 10 may transmit the encoded video and/or image information or data in a file or streaming format to the decoding device 20 through a digital storage medium or a network.

The encoding apparatus 10 according to an embodiment may include a video source generator 11, an encoder 12, and a transmission unit 13. The decoding apparatus 20 according to an embodiment may include a receiving unit 21, a decoding unit 22, and a rendering unit 23. The encoder 12 may be referred to as a video/image encoder, and the decoder 22 may be referred to as a video/image decoder. The transmission unit 13 may be included in the encoding unit 12. The receiving unit 21 may be included in the decoding unit 22. The rendering unit 23 may include a display unit, and the display unit may be configured as a separate device or an external component.

The video source generator 11 may acquire a video/image through a process of capturing, synthesizing, or generating a video/image. The video source generator 11 may include a video/image capturing device and/or a video/image generating device. The video/image capture device may include, for example, one or more cameras, a video/image archive including previously captured video/images, and the like. The video/image generating device may include, for example, a computer, a tablet and a smartphone, and may (electronically) generate a video/image. For example, a virtual video/image may be generated through a computer or the like, and in this case, a video/image capturing process may be substituted as a process of generating related data.

The encoder 12 may encode an input video/image. The encoder 12 may perform a series of procedures such as prediction, transformation, and quantization for compression and encoding efficiency. The encoder 12 may output encoded data (coded video/image information) in a bitstream format.

The transmission unit 13 may transmit the encoded video/image information or data output in the form of a bitstream to the receiving unit 21 of the decoding apparatus 20 through a digital storage medium or a network in a file or streaming form. Digital storage media may include various storage media such as USB, SD, CD, DVD, Blu-ray, HDD, and SSD. The transmission unit 13 may include an element for generating a media file through a predetermined file format, and may include an element for transmission through a broadcast/communication network. The receiving unit 21 may extract/receive the bitstream from the storage medium or network and transmit it to the decoding unit 22.

The decoder 22 may decode the video/image by performing a series of procedures such as inverse quantization, inverse transformation, and prediction corresponding to the operation of the encoder 12.

The rendering unit 23 may render the decoded video/image. The rendered video/image may be displayed through the display unit.

영상 부호화 장치 개요Video encoding device overview

As shown in FIG. 2, the image encoding apparatus 100 includes an image segmentation unit 110, a subtraction unit 115, a transform unit 120, a quantization unit 130, an inverse quantization unit 140, and an inverse transform unit ( 150), an addition unit 155, a filtering unit 160, a memory 170, an inter prediction unit 180, an intra prediction unit 185, and an entropy encoding unit 190. The inter prediction unit 180 and the intra prediction unit 185 may be collectively referred to as a “prediction unit”. The transform unit 120, the quantization unit 130, the inverse quantization unit 140, and the inverse transform unit 150 may be included in a residual processing unit. The residual processing unit may further include a subtraction unit 115.

All or at least some of the plurality of constituent units constituting the image encoding apparatus 100 may be implemented as one hardware component (eg, an encoder or a processor) according to embodiments. In addition, the memory 170 may include a decoded picture buffer (DPB), and may be implemented by a digital storage medium.

The image dividing unit 110 may divide an input image (or picture, frame) input to the image encoding apparatus 100 into one or more processing units. For example, the processing unit may be referred to as a coding unit (CU). The coding unit is a coding tree unit (CTU) or a largest coding unit (LCU) recursively according to a QT/BT/TT (Quad-tree/binary-tree/ternary-tree) structure ( It can be obtained by dividing recursively. For example, one coding unit may be divided into a plurality of coding units of a deeper depth based on a quad tree structure, a binary tree structure, and/or a ternary tree structure. For the division of the coding unit, a quad tree structure may be applied first, and a binary tree structure and/or a ternary tree structure may be applied later. The coding procedure according to the present disclosure may be performed based on the final coding unit that is no longer divided. The largest coding unit may be directly used as the final coding unit, or a coding unit of a lower depth obtained by dividing the largest coding unit may be used as the final cornet unit. Here, the coding procedure may include a procedure such as prediction, transformation, and/or restoration described later. As another example, the processing unit of the coding procedure may be a prediction unit (PU) or a transform unit (TU). Each of the prediction unit and the transform unit may be divided or partitioned from the final coding unit. The prediction unit may be a unit of sample prediction, and the transform unit may be a unit for inducing a transform coefficient and/or a unit for inducing a residual signal from the transform coefficient.

The prediction unit (inter prediction unit 180 or intra prediction unit 185) performs prediction on a block to be processed (current block), and generates a predicted block including prediction samples for the current block. Can be generated. The prediction unit may determine whether intra prediction or inter prediction is applied in units of the current block or CU. The prediction unit may generate various information on prediction of the current block and transmit it to the entropy encoding unit 190. The information on prediction may be encoded by the entropy encoding unit 190 and output in the form of a bitstream.

The intra prediction unit 185 may predict the current block by referring to samples in the current picture. The referenced samples may be located in a neighborhood of the current block or may be located away from each other according to an intra prediction mode and/or an intra prediction technique. The intra prediction modes may include a plurality of non-directional modes and a plurality of directional modes. The non-directional mode may include, for example, a DC mode and a planar mode (Planar mode). The directional mode may include, for example, 33 directional prediction modes or 65 directional prediction modes, depending on the degree of detail of the prediction direction. However, this is an example, and more or less directional prediction modes may be used depending on the setting. The intra prediction unit 185 may determine a prediction mode applied to the current block by using the prediction mode applied to the neighboring block.

The inter prediction unit 180 may derive a predicted block for the current block based on a reference block (reference sample array) specified by a motion vector on the reference picture. In this case, in order to reduce the amount of motion information transmitted in the inter prediction mode, motion information may be predicted in units of blocks, subblocks, or samples based on a correlation between motion information between a neighboring block and a current block. The motion information may include a motion vector and a reference picture index. The motion information may further include inter prediction direction (L0 prediction, L1 prediction, Bi prediction, etc.) information. In the case of inter prediction, the neighboring block may include a spatial neighboring block existing in the current picture and a temporal neighboring block existing in the reference picture. The reference picture including the reference block and the reference picture including the temporal neighboring block may be the same or different from each other. The temporal neighboring block may be referred to as a collocated reference block, a collocated CU (colCU), or the like. A reference picture including the temporal neighboring block may be referred to as a collocated picture (colPic). For example, the inter prediction unit 180 constructs a motion information candidate list based on neighboring blocks, and provides information indicating which candidate is used to derive a motion vector and/or a reference picture index of the current block. Can be generated. Inter prediction may be performed based on various prediction modes. For example, in the case of a skip mode and a merge mode, the inter prediction unit 180 may use motion information of a neighboring block as motion information of a current block. In the case of the skip mode, unlike the merge mode, a residual signal may not be transmitted. In the case of motion vector prediction (MVP) mode, motion vectors of neighboring blocks are used as motion vector predictors, and indicators for motion vector difference and motion vector predictors ( indicator) to signal the motion vector of the current block. The motion vector difference may mean a difference between a motion vector of a current block and a motion vector predictor.

The prediction unit may generate a prediction signal based on various prediction methods and/or prediction techniques to be described later. For example, the prediction unit may apply intra prediction or inter prediction for prediction of the current block, and may simultaneously apply intra prediction and inter prediction. A prediction method in which intra prediction and inter prediction are applied simultaneously for prediction of a current block may be called combined inter and intra prediction (CIIP). Also, the prediction unit may perform intra block copy (IBC) for prediction of the current block. The intra block copy may be used for content image/movie coding such as games, such as, for example, screen content coding (SCC). IBC is a method of predicting a current block by using a reference block in a current picture at a distance from the current block by a predetermined distance. When IBC is applied, the position of the reference block in the current picture may be encoded as a vector (block vector) corresponding to the predetermined distance. IBC basically performs prediction in the current picture, but may be performed similarly to inter prediction in that it derives a reference block in the current picture. That is, the IBC may use at least one of the inter prediction techniques described in this disclosure.

The prediction signal generated through the prediction unit may be used to generate a reconstructed signal or may be used to generate a residual signal. The subtraction unit 115 subtracts the prediction signal (predicted block, prediction sample array) output from the prediction unit from the input image signal (original block, original sample array), and subtracts a residual signal (remaining block, residual sample array). ) Can be created. The generated residual signal may be transmitted to the converter 120.

The transform unit 120 may generate transform coefficients by applying a transform technique to the residual signal. For example, the transformation technique uses at least one of DCT (Discrete Cosine Transform), DST (Discrete Sine Transform), KLT (Karhunen-Loeve Transform), GBT (Graph-Based Transform), or CNT (Conditionally Non-linear Transform). Can include. Here, GBT refers to the transformation obtained from this graph when the relationship information between pixels is expressed in a graph. CNT refers to a transformation obtained based on generating a prediction signal using all previously reconstructed pixels. The conversion process may be applied to a block of pixels having the same size of a square, or may be applied to a block of a variable size other than a square.

The quantization unit 130 may quantize the transform coefficients and transmit the quantization to the entropy encoding unit 190. The entropy encoding unit 190 may encode a quantized signal (information on quantized transform coefficients) and output it as a bitstream. The information on the quantized transform coefficients may be called residual information. The quantization unit 130 may rearrange the quantized transform coefficients in the form of a block into a one-dimensional vector form based on a coefficient scan order, and the quantized transform coefficients in the form of the one-dimensional vector It is also possible to generate information about transform coefficients.

The entropy encoding unit 190 may perform various encoding methods such as exponential Golomb, context-adaptive variable length coding (CAVLC), and context-adaptive binary arithmetic coding (CABAC). The entropy encoding unit 190 may encode together or separately information necessary for video/image restoration (eg, values of syntax elements) in addition to quantized transform coefficients. The encoded information (eg, encoded video/video information) may be transmitted or stored in a bitstream format in units of network abstraction layer (NAL) units. The video/video information may further include information on various parameter sets, such as an adaptation parameter set (APS), a picture parameter set (PPS), a sequence parameter set (SPS), or a video parameter set (VPS). In addition, the video/video information may further include general constraint information. The signaling information, transmitted information, and/or syntax elements mentioned in the present disclosure may be encoded through the above-described encoding procedure and included in the bitstream.

The bitstream may be transmitted through a network or may be stored in a digital storage medium. Here, the network may include a broadcasting network and/or a communication network, and the digital storage medium may include various storage media such as USB, SD, CD, DVD, Blu-ray, HDD, and SSD. A transmission unit (not shown) for transmitting the signal output from the entropy encoding unit 190 and/or a storage unit (not shown) for storing may be provided as an inner/outer element of the image encoding apparatus 100, or transmission The unit may be provided as a component of the entropy encoding unit 190.

The quantized transform coefficients output from the quantization unit 130 may be used to generate a residual signal. For example, a residual signal (residual block or residual samples) may be restored by applying inverse quantization and inverse transform to the quantized transform coefficients through the inverse quantization unit 140 and the inverse transform unit 150.

The addition unit 155 adds the reconstructed residual signal to the prediction signal output from the inter prediction unit 180 or the intra prediction unit 185 to obtain a reconstructed signal (a reconstructed picture, a reconstructed block, and a reconstructed sample array). Can be generated. When there is no residual for a block to be processed, such as when the skip mode is applied, the predicted block may be used as a reconstructed block. The addition unit 155 may be referred to as a restoration unit or a restoration block generation unit. The generated reconstructed signal may be used for intra prediction of the next processing target block in the current picture, and may be used for inter prediction of the next picture through filtering as described later.

The filtering unit 160 may apply filtering to the reconstructed signal to improve subjective/objective image quality. For example, the filtering unit 160 may generate a modified reconstructed picture by applying various filtering methods to the reconstructed picture, and the modified reconstructed picture may be converted to the memory 170, specifically, the DPB of the memory 170. Can be saved on. The various filtering methods may include, for example, deblocking filtering, sample adaptive offset, adaptive loop filter, bilateral filter, and the like. The filtering unit 160 may generate a variety of filtering information and transmit it to the entropy encoding unit 190 as described later in the description of each filtering method. The filtering information may be encoded by the entropy encoding unit 190 and output in the form of a bitstream.

The modified reconstructed picture transmitted to the memory 170 may be used as a reference picture in the inter prediction unit 180. When inter prediction is applied through this, the image encoding apparatus 100 may avoid prediction mismatch between the image encoding apparatus 100 and the image decoding apparatus, and may improve encoding efficiency.

The DPB in the memory 170 may store a reconstructed picture modified to be used as a reference picture in the inter prediction unit 180. The memory 170 may store motion information of a block from which motion information in a current picture is derived (or encoded) and/or motion information of blocks in a picture that have already been reconstructed. The stored motion information may be transmitted to the inter prediction unit 180 to be used as motion information of spatial neighboring blocks or motion information of temporal neighboring blocks. The memory 170 may store reconstructed samples of reconstructed blocks in the current picture, and may transmit the reconstructed samples to the intra prediction unit 185.

영상 복호화 장치 개요Overview of video decoding device

As shown in FIG. 3, the image decoding apparatus 200 includes an entropy decoding unit 210, an inverse quantization unit 220, an inverse transform unit 230, an addition unit 235, a filtering unit 240, and a memory 250. ), an inter prediction unit 260 and an intra prediction unit 265 may be included. The inter prediction unit 260 and the intra prediction unit 265 may be collectively referred to as a “prediction unit”. The inverse quantization unit 220 and the inverse transform unit 230 may be included in the residual processing unit.

All or at least some of the plurality of constituent units constituting the image decoding apparatus 200 may be implemented as one hardware component (eg, a decoder or a processor) according to embodiments. Also, the memory 170 may include a DPB and may be implemented by a digital storage medium.

The image decoding apparatus 200 having received a bitstream including video/image information may reconstruct an image by performing a process corresponding to the process performed by the image encoding apparatus 100 of FIG. 2. For example, the image decoding apparatus 200 may perform decoding using a processing unit applied in the image encoding apparatus. Thus, the processing unit of decoding may be, for example, a coding unit. The coding unit may be a coding tree unit or may be obtained by dividing the largest coding unit. In addition, the reconstructed image signal decoded and output through the image decoding apparatus 200 may be reproduced through a reproduction device (not shown).

The image decoding apparatus 200 may receive a signal output from the image encoding apparatus of FIG. 2 in the form of a bitstream. The received signal may be decoded through the entropy decoding unit 210. For example, the entropy decoding unit 210 may parse the bitstream to derive information (eg, video/video information) necessary for image restoration (or picture restoration). The video/video information may further include information on various parameter sets, such as an adaptation parameter set (APS), a picture parameter set (PPS), a sequence parameter set (SPS), or a video parameter set (VPS). In addition, the video/video information may further include general constraint information. The image decoding apparatus may additionally use information on the parameter set and/or the general restriction information to decode an image. The signaling information, received information and/or syntax elements mentioned in the present disclosure may be obtained from the bitstream by being decoded through the decoding procedure. For example, the entropy decoding unit 210 decodes information in the bitstream based on a coding method such as exponential Golomb coding, CAVLC, or CABAC, and a value of a syntax element required for image restoration, a quantized value of a transform coefficient related to a residual. Can be printed. In more detail, the CABAC entropy decoding method receives a bin corresponding to each syntax element in a bitstream, and includes information on the syntax element to be decoded, information on decoding information of a neighboring block and a block to be decoded, or information on a symbol/bin decoded in a previous step The context model is determined by using and, according to the determined context model, the probability of occurrence of bins is predicted to perform arithmetic decoding of bins to generate symbols corresponding to the values of each syntax element. I can. In this case, the CABAC entropy decoding method may update the context model using information of the decoded symbol/bin for the context model of the next symbol/bin after the context model is determined. Among the information decoded by the entropy decoding unit 210, information on prediction is provided to the prediction unit (inter prediction unit 260 and intra prediction unit 265), and the register on which entropy decoding is performed by the entropy decoding unit 210 Dual values, that is, quantized transform coefficients and related parameter information may be input to the inverse quantization unit 220. In addition, information about filtering among information decoded by the entropy decoding unit 210 may be provided to the filtering unit 240. Meanwhile, a receiving unit (not shown) for receiving a signal output from the image encoding device may be additionally provided as an inner/outer element of the image decoding device 200, or the receiving unit is provided as a component of the entropy decoding unit 210 It could be.

Meanwhile, the video decoding apparatus according to the present disclosure may be referred to as a video/video/picture decoding apparatus. The video decoding apparatus may include an information decoder (video/video/picture information decoder) and/or a sample decoder (video/video/picture sample decoder). The information decoder may include an entropy decoding unit 210, and the sample decoder includes an inverse quantization unit 220, an inverse transform unit 230, an addition unit 235, a filtering unit 240, a memory 250, It may include at least one of the inter prediction unit 260 and the intra prediction unit 265.

The inverse quantization unit 220 may inverse quantize the quantized transform coefficients and output transform coefficients. The inverse quantization unit 220 may rearrange the quantized transform coefficients into a two-dimensional block shape. In this case, the rearrangement may be performed based on a coefficient scan order performed by the image encoding apparatus. The inverse quantization unit 220 may perform inverse quantization on quantized transform coefficients by using a quantization parameter (eg, quantization step size information) and obtain transform coefficients.

The inverse transform unit 230 may inversely transform transform coefficients to obtain a residual signal (residual block, residual sample array).

The prediction unit may perform prediction on the current block and generate a predicted block including prediction samples for the current block. The prediction unit may determine whether intra prediction or inter prediction is applied to the current block based on the prediction information output from the entropy decoding unit 210, and determine a specific intra/inter prediction mode (prediction technique). I can.

It is the same as described in the description of the prediction unit of the video encoding apparatus 100 that the prediction unit can generate the prediction signal based on various prediction methods (techniques) described later.

The intra prediction unit 265 may predict the current block by referring to samples in the current picture. The description of the intra prediction unit 185 may be equally applied to the intra prediction unit 265.

The inter prediction unit 260 may derive a predicted block for the current block based on a reference block (reference sample array) specified by a motion vector on the reference picture. In this case, in order to reduce the amount of motion information transmitted in the inter prediction mode, motion information may be predicted in units of blocks, subblocks, or samples based on a correlation between motion information between a neighboring block and a current block. The motion information may include a motion vector and a reference picture index. The motion information may further include inter prediction direction (L0 prediction, L1 prediction, Bi prediction, etc.) information. In the case of inter prediction, the neighboring block may include a spatial neighboring block existing in the current picture and a temporal neighboring block existing in the reference picture. For example, the inter prediction unit 260 may construct a motion information candidate list based on neighboring blocks, and derive a motion vector and/or a reference picture index of the current block based on the received candidate selection information. Inter prediction may be performed based on various prediction modes (techniques), and the information about the prediction may include information indicating a mode (technique) of inter prediction for the current block.

The addition unit 235 is reconstructed by adding the obtained residual signal to the prediction signal (predicted block, prediction sample array) output from the prediction unit (including the inter prediction unit 260 and/or the intra prediction unit 265). Signals (restored pictures, reconstructed blocks, reconstructed sample arrays) can be generated. When there is no residual for a block to be processed, such as when the skip mode is applied, the predicted block may be used as a reconstructed block. The description of the addition unit 155 may be equally applied to the addition unit 235. The addition unit 235 may be referred to as a restoration unit or a restoration block generation unit. The generated reconstructed signal may be used for intra prediction of the next processing target block in the current picture, and may be used for inter prediction of the next picture through filtering as described later.

The filtering unit 240 may apply filtering to the reconstructed signal to improve subjective/objective image quality. For example, the filtering unit 240 may generate a modified reconstructed picture by applying various filtering methods to the reconstructed picture, and the modified reconstructed picture may be converted to the memory 250, specifically the DPB of the memory 250. Can be saved on. The various filtering methods may include, for example, deblocking filtering, sample adaptive offset, adaptive loop filter, bilateral filter, and the like.

The (modified) reconstructed picture stored in the DPB of the memory 250 may be used as a reference picture in the inter prediction unit 260. The memory 250 may store motion information of a block from which motion information in a current picture is derived (or decoded) and/or motion information of blocks in a picture that have already been reconstructed. The stored motion information may be transmitted to the inter prediction unit 260 to be used as motion information of a spatial neighboring block or motion information of a temporal neighboring block. The memory 250 may store reconstructed samples of reconstructed blocks in the current picture, and may be transmitted to the intra prediction unit 265.

In this specification, embodiments described in the filtering unit 160, the inter prediction unit 180, and the intra prediction unit 185 of the image encoding apparatus 100 are respectively the filtering unit 240 of the image decoding apparatus 200, The same or corresponding to the inter prediction unit 260 and the intra prediction unit 265 may be applied.

CTU의 분할 개요Overview of the division of CTU

As described above, the coding unit is obtained by recursively dividing a coding tree unit (CTU) or a maximum coding unit (LCU) according to a QT/BT/TT (Quad-tree/binary-tree/ternary-tree) structure. I can. For example, the CTU may be first divided into a quadtree structure. Thereafter, leaf nodes of a quadtree structure may be further divided by a multitype tree structure.

The division according to the quadtree means division in which the current CU (or CTU) is divided into four. By partitioning according to the quadtree, the current CU can be divided into four CUs having the same width and the same height. When the current CU is no longer divided into a quadtree structure, the current CU corresponds to a leaf node of the quadtree structure. The CU corresponding to the leaf node of the quadtree structure is no longer divided and may be used as the above-described final coding unit. Alternatively, a CU corresponding to a leaf node of a quadtree structure may be further divided by a multitype tree structure.

4 is a diagram showing a block division type according to a multi-type tree structure. The division according to the multi-type tree structure may include two divisions according to a binary tree structure and two divisions according to a ternary tree structure.

The two divisions according to the binary tree structure may include vertical binary splitting (SPLIT_BT_VER) and horizontal binary splitting (SPLIT_BT_HOR). The vertical binary division (SPLIT_BT_VER) means division in which the current CU is divided into two in the vertical direction. As shown in FIG. 4, two CUs having a height equal to the height of the current CU and a width of half the width of the current CU may be generated by vertical binary division. The horizontal binary division (SPLIT_BT_HOR) means division in which the current CU is divided into two in the horizontal direction. As shown in FIG. 4, two CUs having a height of half the height of the current CU and a width equal to the width of the current CU may be generated by horizontal binary division.

The two divisions according to the ternary tree structure may include vertical ternary splitting (SPLIT_TT_VER) and horizontal ternary splitting (hotizontal ternary splitting, SPLIT_TT_HOR). Vertical ternary division (SPLIT_TT_VER) divides the current CU in a vertical direction at a ratio of 1:2:1. As shown in FIG. 4, by vertical ternary division, two CUs having a height equal to the height of the current CU and a width of 1/4 of the width of the current CU, and a current CU having a height equal to the height of the current CU A CU with a width of half the width of can be created. The horizontal ternary division (SPLIT_TT_HOR) divides the current CU horizontally at a ratio of 1:2:1. As shown in FIG. 4, by horizontal ternary division, two CUs having a height of 1/4 of the height of the current CU and having the same width as the width of the current CU and a height of half the height of the current CU One CU can be created with a width equal to the width of the CU.

Here, the CTU is treated as the root node of a quadtree, and is first partitioned into a quadtree structure. Information (eg, qt_split_flag) indicating whether to perform quadtree splitting for the current CU (CTU or quadtree node (QT_node)) may be signaled. For example, if qt_split_flag is a first value (eg, “1”), the current CU may be quadtree split. In addition, if qt_split_flag is a second value (eg, "0"), the current CU is not divided into a quadtree, but becomes a leaf node (QT_leaf_node) of the quadtree. The leaf nodes of each quadtree can then be further partitioned into a multitype tree structure. That is, a leaf node of a quad tree may be a node (MTT_node) of a multi-type tree. In the multi-type tree structure, a first flag (eg, mtt_split_cu_flag) may be signaled to indicate whether the current node is additionally partitioned. If the corresponding node is additionally partitioned (eg, when the first flag is 1), a second flag (ex.mtt_split_cu_verticla_flag) may be signaled to indicate the splitting direction. For example, when the second flag is 1, the division direction may be a vertical direction, and when the second flag is 0, the division direction may be a horizontal direction. Thereafter, a third flag (eg, mtt_split_cu_binary_flag) may be signaled to indicate whether the division type is a binary division type or a ternary division type. For example, when the third flag is 1, the division type may be a binary division type, and when the third flag is 0, the division type may be a ternary division type. Nodes of a multitype tree obtained by binary division or ternary division may be further partitioned into a multitype tree structure. However, nodes of a multitype tree cannot be partitioned into a quadtree structure. When the first flag is 0, the corresponding node of the multitype tree is no longer divided and becomes a leaf node (MTT_leaf_node) of the multitype tree. The CU corresponding to the leaf node of the multitype tree may be used as the above-described final coding unit.

Based on the above-described mtt_split_cu_vertical_flag and mtt_split_cu_binary_flag, a multi-type tree splitting mode (MttSplitMode) of the CU may be derived as shown in Table 1.

MttSplitModeMttSplitMode	mtt_split_cu_vertical_flagmtt_split_cu_vertical_flag	mtt_split_cu_binary_flagmtt_split_cu_binary_flag
SPLIT_TT_HORSPLIT_TT_HOR	00	00
SPLIT_BT_HOR SPLIT_BT_HOR	00	1One
SPLIT_TT_VERSPLIT_TT_VER	1One	00
SPLIT_BT_VERSPLIT_BT_VER	1One	1One

One CTU may include a coding block of luma samples (hereinafter, referred to as a “luma block”) and two coding blocks of chroma samples corresponding thereto (hereinafter referred to as a “chroma block”). The above-described coding tree scheme may be applied equally to the luma block and the chroma block of the current CU, or may be applied separately. Specifically, a luma block and a chroma block in one CTU may be divided into the same block tree structure, and the tree structure in this case may be represented as a single tree (SINGLE_TREE). Alternatively, a luma block and a chroma block in one CTU may be divided into individual block tree structures, and the tree structure in this case may be represented as a dual tree (DUAL_TREE). That is, when the CTU is divided into a dual tree, a block tree structure for a luma block and a block tree structure for a chroma block may exist separately. In this case, the block tree structure for the luma block may be referred to as a dual tree luma (DUAL_TREE_LUMA), and the block tree structure for the chroma block may be referred to as a dual tree chroma (DUAL_TREE_CHROMA). For P and B slice/tile groups, luma blocks and chroma blocks in one CTU may be limited to have the same coding tree structure. However, for I slice/tile groups, luma blocks and chroma blocks may have separate block tree structures from each other. If an individual block tree structure is applied, a luma coding tree block (CTB) may be divided into CUs based on a specific coding tree structure, and the chroma CTB may be divided into chroma CUs based on a different coding tree structure. That is, a CU in an I slice/tile group to which an individual block tree structure is applied is composed of a coding block of a luma component or coding blocks of two chroma components, and a CU of a P or B slice/tile group has three color components (luma component And it may mean that it may be composed of blocks of two chroma components).

Although the quadtree coding tree structure accompanying the multi-type tree has been described above, the structure in which the CU is divided is not limited thereto. For example, the BT structure and the TT structure may be interpreted as a concept included in the Multiple Partitioning Tree (MPT) structure, and the CU may be interpreted as being divided through the QT structure and the MPT structure. In an example in which a CU is divided through a QT structure and an MPT structure, a syntax element (e.g., MPT_split_type) including information on how many blocks a leaf node of a QT structure is divided into, and a leaf node of the QT structure are vertical. The split structure may be determined by signaling a syntax element (eg, MPT_split_mode) including information on which direction of splitting between horizontal and horizontal.

In another example, the CU may be divided in a different way from the QT structure, BT structure, or TT structure. That is, according to the QT structure, the CU of the lower depth is divided into 1/4 size of the CU of the upper depth, or the CU of the lower depth is divided into 1/2 of the CU of the upper depth according to the BT structure, or according to the TT structure. Unlike CUs of lower depth are divided into 1/4 or 1/2 of CUs of higher depth, CUs of lower depth are 1/5, 1/3, 3/8, 3 of CUs of higher depth depending on the case. It may be divided into /5, 2/3, or 5/8 size, and the method of dividing the CU is not limited thereto.

인터 예측의 개요Overview of inter prediction

Hereinafter, inter prediction according to the present disclosure will be described.

The prediction unit of the video encoding apparatus/video decoding apparatus according to the present disclosure may derive a prediction sample by performing inter prediction in block units. Inter prediction may represent prediction derived by a method dependent on data elements (e.g. sample values, motion information, etc.) of a picture(s) other than the current picture. When inter prediction is applied to the current block, a predicted block (prediction block or prediction sample array) for the current block based on a reference block (reference sample array) specified by a motion vector on a reference picture indicated by a reference picture index Can induce In this case, in order to reduce the amount of motion information transmitted in the inter prediction mode, motion information of the current block may be predicted in units of blocks, subblocks, or samples based on correlation between motion information between neighboring blocks and the current block. The motion information may include a motion vector and a reference picture index. The motion information may further include inter prediction type (L0 prediction, L1 prediction, Bi prediction, etc.) information. When inter prediction is applied, the neighboring block may include a spatial neighboring block existing in the current picture and a temporal neighboring block existing in the reference picture. The reference picture including the reference block and the reference picture including the temporal neighboring block may be the same or different. The temporal neighboring block may be called a collocated reference block, a collocated CU (colCU), a collocated block, and the like, and a reference picture including the temporal neighboring block is a collocated picture. It may be called by a name such as picture, colPic), or colPicture. For example, a motion information candidate list may be constructed based on neighboring blocks of the current block, and a flag indicating which candidate is selected (used) to derive a motion vector and/or a reference picture index of the current block Alternatively, index information may be signaled.

Inter prediction may be performed based on various prediction modes. For example, in the case of the skip mode and the merge mode, motion information of a current block may be the same as motion information of a selected neighboring block. In the case of the skip mode, unlike the merge mode, a residual signal may not be transmitted. In the case of a motion vector prediction (MVP) mode, a motion vector of a selected neighboring block is used as a motion vector predictor, and a motion vector difference may be signaled. In this case, the motion vector of the current block may be derived by using the sum of the motion vector predictor and the motion vector difference. In the present disclosure, the MVP mode may have the same meaning as AMVP (Advanced Motion Vector Prediction).

The motion information may include L0 motion information and/or L1 motion information according to an inter prediction type (L0 prediction, L1 prediction, Bi prediction, etc.). The motion vector in the L0 direction may be referred to as an L0 motion vector or MVL0, and the motion vector in the L1 direction may be referred to as an L1 motion vector or MVL1. The prediction based on the L0 motion vector may be referred to as L0 prediction, the prediction based on the L1 motion vector may be referred to as the L1 prediction, and the prediction based on both the L0 motion vector and the L1 motion vector may be referred to as a pair (Bi) prediction. I can. Here, the motion vector L0 may represent a motion vector associated with the reference picture list L0 (L0), and the motion vector L1 may represent a motion vector associated with the reference picture list L1 (L1). The reference picture list L0 may include pictures prior to the current picture in output order as reference pictures, and the reference picture list L1 may include pictures after the current picture in output order. The previous pictures may be referred to as forward (reference) pictures, and the subsequent pictures may be referred to as reverse (reference) pictures. The reference picture list L0 may further include pictures later in output order than the current picture as reference pictures. In this case, the previous pictures in the reference picture list L0 may be indexed first, and the subsequent pictures may be indexed next. The reference picture list L1 may further include pictures preceding the current picture in an output order as reference pictures. In this case, in the reference picture list L1, the subsequent pictures may be indexed first, and the previous pictures may be indexed next. Here, the output order may correspond to a picture order count (POC) order.

The encoding method of FIG. 6 may be performed by the video encoding apparatus of FIG. 2. Specifically, step S610 may be performed by the inter prediction unit 180, and step S620 may be performed by the residual processing unit. Specifically, step S620 may be performed by the subtraction unit 115. Step S630 may be performed by the entropy encoding unit 190. The prediction information of step S630 may be derived by the inter prediction unit 180, and the residual information of step S630 may be derived by the residual processing unit. The residual information is information on the residual samples. The residual information may include information on quantized transform coefficients for the residual samples. As described above, the residual samples may be derived as transform coefficients through the transform unit 120 of the image encoding apparatus, and the transform coefficients may be derived as quantized transform coefficients through the quantization unit 130. Information about the quantized transform coefficients may be encoded by the entropy encoding unit 190 through a residual coding procedure.

The image encoding apparatus may perform inter prediction on the current block (S610). The image encoding apparatus may derive the inter prediction mode and motion information of the current block and generate prediction samples of the current block. Here, the procedure of determining the inter prediction mode, deriving motion information, and generating prediction samples may be performed simultaneously, or one procedure may be performed before the other procedure. For example, as shown in FIG. 7, the inter prediction unit 180 of the image encoding apparatus may include a prediction mode determination unit 181, a motion information derivation unit 182, and a prediction sample derivation unit 183. have. A prediction mode determination unit 181 determines a prediction mode for the current block, a motion information derivation unit 182 derives motion information of the current block, and a prediction sample derivation unit 183 predicts the current block Samples can be derived. For example, the inter prediction unit 180 of the video encoding apparatus searches for a block similar to the current block within a predetermined area (search area) of reference pictures through motion estimation, and a difference between the current block and the current block. It is possible to derive a reference block that is less than the minimum or a certain criterion. Based on this, a reference picture index indicating a reference picture in which the reference block is located may be derived, and a motion vector may be derived based on a position difference between the reference block and the current block. The image encoding apparatus may determine a mode applied to the current block from among various prediction modes. The image encoding apparatus may compare rate-distortion (RD) costs for the various prediction modes and determine an optimal prediction mode for the current block. However, the method of determining the prediction mode for the current block by the image encoding apparatus is not limited to the above example, and various methods may be used.

For example, when a skip mode or a merge mode is applied to the current block, the video encoding apparatus may derive merge candidates from neighboring blocks of the current block and construct a merge candidate list using the derived merge candidates. . Also, the apparatus for encoding an image may derive a reference block in which a difference from a current block is a minimum or a predetermined reference or less among reference blocks indicated by merge candidates included in the merge candidate list. In this case, a merge candidate associated with the derived reference block is selected, and merge index information indicating the selected merge candidate may be generated and signaled to the image decoding apparatus. Motion information of the current block may be derived using motion information of the selected merge candidate.

As another example, when the MVP mode is applied to the current block, the video encoding apparatus derives motion vector predictor (mvp) candidates from neighboring blocks of the current block, and constructs an mvp candidate list using the derived mvp candidates. I can. In addition, the image encoding apparatus may use a motion vector of an mvp candidate selected from among mvp candidates included in the mvp candidate list as the mvp of the current block. In this case, for example, a motion vector indicating a reference block derived by motion estimation described above may be used as a motion vector of the current block, and the difference between the motion vector of the current block among the mvp candidates is the smallest. An mvp candidate having a motion vector may be the selected mvp candidate. A motion vector difference (MVD) which is a difference obtained by subtracting the mvp from the motion vector of the current block may be derived. In this case, index information indicating the selected mvp candidate and information about the MVD may be signaled to the video decoding apparatus. In addition, when the MVP mode is applied, the value of the reference picture index may be composed of reference picture index information and may be separately signaled to the video decoding apparatus.

The image encoding apparatus may derive residual samples based on the prediction samples (S620). The image encoding apparatus may derive the residual samples by comparing the original samples of the current block with the prediction samples. For example, the residual sample may be derived by subtracting a corresponding prediction sample from an original sample.

The image encoding apparatus may encode image information including prediction information and residual information (S630). The image encoding apparatus may output the encoded image information in the form of a bitstream. The prediction information is information related to the prediction procedure and may include information on prediction mode information (eg, skip flag, merge flag or mode index) and motion information. Among the prediction mode information, the skip flag is information indicating whether the skip mode is applied to the current block, and the merge flag is information indicating whether the merge mode is applied to the current block. Alternatively, the prediction mode information may be information indicating one of a plurality of prediction modes, such as a mode index. When the skip flag and the merge flag are each 0, it may be determined that the MVP mode is applied to the current block. The information on the motion information may include candidate selection information (eg, merge index, mvp flag or mvp index) that is information for deriving a motion vector. Among the candidate selection information, the merge index may be signaled when a merge mode is applied to the current block, and may be information for selecting one of merge candidates included in the merge candidate list. Among the candidate selection information, the mvp flag or mvp index may be signaled when the MVP mode is applied to the current block, and may be information for selecting one of mvp candidates included in the mvp candidate list. In addition, the information on the motion information may include information on the MVD and/or reference picture index information described above. In addition, the information on the motion information may include information indicating whether L0 prediction, L1 prediction, or pair (Bi) prediction is applied. The residual information is information on the residual samples. The residual information may include information on quantized transform coefficients for the residual samples.

The output bitstream may be stored in a (digital) storage medium and transmitted to an image decoding device, or may be transmitted to an image decoding device through a network.

Meanwhile, as described above, the image encoding apparatus may generate a reconstructed picture (a picture including reconstructed samples and a reconstructed block) based on the reference samples and the residual samples. This is because the video encoding apparatus derives the same prediction result as that performed by the video decoding apparatus, and coding efficiency can be improved through this. Accordingly, the apparatus for encoding an image may store a reconstructed picture (or reconstructed samples, and a reconstructed block) in a memory and use it as a reference picture for inter prediction. As described above, an in-loop filtering procedure or the like may be further applied to the reconstructed picture.

The image decoding apparatus may perform an operation corresponding to an operation performed by the image encoding apparatus. The video decoding apparatus may perform prediction on the current block and derive prediction samples based on the received prediction information.

The decoding method of FIG. 8 may be performed by the video decoding apparatus of FIG. 3. Dean systems S810 to S830 may be performed by the inter prediction unit 260, and the prediction information of step S810 and the residual information of step S840 may be obtained from the bitstream by the entropy decoding unit 210. The residual processing unit of the image decoding apparatus may derive residual samples for the current block based on the residual information (S840). Specifically, the inverse quantization unit 220 of the residual processing unit derives transform coefficients by performing inverse quantization based on the quantized transform coefficients derived based on the residual information, and the inverse transform unit of the residual processing unit ( 230) may derive residual samples for the current block by performing inverse transform on the transform coefficients. Step S850 may be performed by the addition unit 235 or the restoration unit.

In more detail, the image decoding apparatus may determine a prediction mode for the current block based on the received prediction information (S810). The video decoding apparatus may determine which inter prediction mode is applied to the current block based on prediction mode information in the prediction information.

For example, it may be determined whether the skip mode is applied to the current block based on the skip flag. In addition, it may be determined whether the merge mode is applied to the current block or whether the MVP mode is determined based on the merge flag. Alternatively, one of various inter prediction mode candidates may be selected based on the mode index. The inter prediction mode candidates may include a skip mode, a merge mode and/or an MVP mode, or may include various inter prediction modes to be described later.

The video decoding apparatus may derive motion information of the current block based on the determined inter prediction mode (S820). For example, when a skip mode or a merge mode is applied to the current block, the video decoding apparatus may configure a merge candidate list to be described later, and select one merge candidate from among merge candidates included in the merge candidate list. The selection may be performed based on the aforementioned candidate selection information (merge index). Motion information of the current block may be derived using motion information of the selected merge candidate. For example, motion information of the selected merge candidate may be used as motion information of the current block.

As another example, when the MVP mode is applied to the current block, the video decoding apparatus may configure an mvp candidate list and use a motion vector of an mvp candidate selected from among mvp candidates included in the mvp candidate list as the mvp of the current block. have. The selection may be performed based on the aforementioned candidate selection information (mvp flag or mvp index). In this case, the MVD of the current block may be derived based on the information on the MVD, and a motion vector of the current block may be derived based on the mvp of the current block and the MVD. In addition, a reference picture index of the current block may be derived based on the reference picture index information. A picture indicated by the reference picture index in the reference picture list for the current block may be derived as a reference picture referenced for inter prediction of the current block.

The image decoding apparatus may generate prediction samples for the current block based on the motion information of the current block (S830). In this case, the reference picture may be derived based on the reference picture index of the current block, and prediction samples of the current block may be derived using samples of a reference block indicated on the reference picture by the motion vector of the current block. In some cases, a prediction sample filtering procedure may be further performed on all or part of the prediction samples of the current block.

For example, as shown in FIG. 9, the inter prediction unit 260 of the image decoding apparatus may include a prediction mode determination unit 261, a motion information derivation unit 262, and a prediction sample derivation unit 263. have. The inter prediction unit 260 of the video decoding apparatus determines a prediction mode for the current block based on the prediction mode information received from the prediction mode determination unit 261, and motion information received from the motion information derivation unit 262 The motion information (motion vector and/or reference picture index, etc.) of the current block may be derived based on the information about, and prediction samples of the current block may be derived by the prediction sample deriving unit 263.

The image decoding apparatus may generate residual samples for the current block based on the received residual information (S840). The image decoding apparatus may generate reconstructed samples for the current block based on the prediction samples and the residual samples, and generate a reconstructed picture based on the prediction samples (S850). Thereafter, as described above, an in-loop filtering procedure or the like may be further applied to the reconstructed picture.

As described above, the inter prediction procedure may include determining an inter prediction mode, deriving motion information according to the determined prediction mode, and performing prediction based on the derived motion information (generating a prediction sample). As described above, the inter prediction procedure may be performed in an image encoding apparatus and an image decoding apparatus.

Hereinafter, a step of deriving motion information according to the prediction mode will be described in more detail.

As described above, inter prediction may be performed using motion information of a current block. The video encoding apparatus may derive optimal motion information for the current block through a motion estimation procedure. For example, the image encoding apparatus may search for a similar reference block with high correlation using the original block in the original picture for the current block in units of fractional pixels within a predetermined search range within the reference picture, and derive motion information through this. can do. The similarity of blocks can be calculated based on the sum of absolute differences (SAD) between the current block and the reference block. In this case, motion information may be derived based on the reference block having the smallest SAD in the search area. The derived motion information may be signaled to the video decoding apparatus according to various methods based on the inter prediction mode.

When the merge mode is applied to the current block, motion information of the current block is not directly transmitted, and motion information of the current block is derived using motion information of neighboring blocks. Accordingly, motion information of the current prediction block may be indicated by transmitting flag information indicating that the merge mode has been used and candidate selection information indicating which neighboring blocks are used as merge candidates (eg, merge index). In the present disclosure, since the current block is a unit for performing prediction, the current block is used in the same meaning as the current prediction block, and the neighboring block may be used in the same meaning as the neighboring prediction block.

In order to perform a merge mode, the video encoding apparatus may search for a merge candidate block used to induce motion information of a current block. For example, up to five merge candidate blocks may be used, but the number of merge candidate blocks is not limited thereto. The maximum number of merge candidate blocks may be transmitted in a slice header or a tile group header, but is not limited thereto. After finding the merge candidate blocks, the image encoding apparatus may generate a merge candidate list, and among them, a merge candidate block having the smallest RD cost may be selected as a final merge candidate block.

The present disclosure provides various embodiments of a merge candidate block constituting the merge candidate list. The merge candidate list may use, for example, five merge candidate blocks. For example, four spatial merge candidates and one temporal merge candidate can be used.

The image encoding apparatus/image decoding apparatus may insert spatial merge candidates derived by searching for spatial neighboring blocks of the current block into the merge candidate list (S1110). For example, the spatial neighboring blocks are a block around the lower left corner of the current block (A ₀ ), a neighboring block on the left (A ₁ ), a block around the upper right corner (B ₀ ), as shown in FIG. It may include a neighboring block B ₁ and a neighboring block B _{2 of the} upper left corner. However, as an example, in addition to the above-described spatial neighboring blocks, additional neighboring blocks such as a right peripheral block, a lower peripheral block, and a right lower peripheral block may be further used as the spatial neighboring blocks. The image encoding apparatus/image decoding apparatus may detect available blocks by searching for the spatial neighboring blocks based on priority, and derive motion information of the detected blocks as the spatial merge candidates. For example, the video encoding apparatus/video decoding apparatus searches the five blocks shown in FIG. 10 in the order of A ₁ , B ₁ , B ₀ , A ₀ , and B ₂ and sequentially indexes the available candidates. You can build a list.

The image encoding apparatus/image decoding apparatus may insert a temporal merge candidate derived by searching for a temporal neighboring block of the current block into the merge candidate list (S1120). The temporal neighboring block may be located on a reference picture that is a picture different from the current picture in which the current block is located. The reference picture in which the temporal neighboring block is located may be referred to as a collocated picture or a col picture. The temporal neighboring block may be searched in the order of a lower-right corner neighboring block and a lower-right center block of a co-located block with respect to the current block on the col picture. Meanwhile, when motion data compression is applied to reduce the memory load, specific motion information for the col picture may be stored as representative motion information for each predetermined storage unit. In this case, it is not necessary to store motion information for all blocks in the predetermined storage unit, and motion data compression effect can be obtained through this. In this case, the predetermined storage unit may be previously determined as, for example, a 16x16 sample unit or an 8x8 sample unit, or size information on the predetermined storage unit may be signaled from an image encoding apparatus to an image decoding apparatus. When the motion data compression is applied, motion information of the temporal neighboring block may be replaced with representative motion information of the predetermined storage unit in which the temporal neighboring block is located. That is, in this case, in terms of implementation, a position that is arithmetically shifted to the left after an arithmetic right shift by a predetermined value based on the coordinates (upper left sample position) of the temporal neighboring block, not a prediction block located at the coordinates of the temporal neighboring block. The temporal merge candidate may be derived based on motion information of a covered prediction block. For example, when the predetermined storage unit 2 ⁿ x2 ⁿ sample units, the coordinates of the temporally neighboring blocks (xTnb, yTnb) If la, the ((xTnb >> n) << n ) the modified position, ( Motion information of a prediction block located at yTnb>>n)<<n)) may be used for the temporal merge candidate. Specifically, for example, when the predetermined storage unit is a 16x16 sample unit, if the coordinates of the temporal neighboring block are (xTnb, yTnb), the modified positions ((xTnb>>4)<<4), (yTnb The motion information of the prediction block located at >>4)<<4)) may be used for the temporal merge candidate. Or, for example, when the predetermined storage unit is an 8x8 sample unit, if the coordinates of the temporal neighboring block are (xTnb, yTnb), the modified positions ((xTnb>>3)<<3), (yTnb> Motion information of the prediction block located at >3)<<3)) may be used for the temporal merge candidate.

Referring back to FIG. 11, the image encoding apparatus/image decoding apparatus may check whether the number of current merge candidates is smaller than the number of maximum merge candidates (S1130). The number of the maximum merge candidates may be defined in advance or may be signaled from the image encoding apparatus to the image decoding apparatus. For example, the image encoding apparatus may generate information on the number of the maximum merge candidates, encode, and transmit the information to the image decoding apparatus in the form of a bitstream. When the maximum number of merge candidates is filled, a subsequent candidate addition process (S1140) may not proceed.

As a result of checking in step S1130, if the number of the current merge candidates is smaller than the number of the maximum merge candidates, the video encoding apparatus/video decoding apparatus may derive an additional merge candidate according to a predetermined method and then insert it into the merge candidate list. Yes (S1140).

When the number of the current merge candidates is not smaller than the number of the maximum merge candidates as a result of checking in step S1130, the image encoding apparatus/video decoding apparatus may terminate the construction of the merge candidate list. In this case, the image encoding apparatus may select an optimal merge candidate among merge candidates constituting the merge candidate list based on RD cost, and signals candidate selection information (ex. merge index) indicating the selected merge candidate to the image decoding apparatus. can do. The video decoding apparatus may select the optimal merge candidate based on the merge candidate list and the candidate selection information.

As described above, motion information of the selected merge candidate may be used as motion information of the current block, and prediction samples of the current block may be derived based on the motion information of the current block. The image encoding apparatus may derive residual samples of the current block based on the prediction samples, and may signal residual information about the residual samples to the image decoding apparatus. As described above, the image decoding apparatus may generate reconstructed samples based on the residual samples derived based on the residual information and the prediction samples, and generate a reconstructed picture based on the residual samples.

When a skip mode is applied to the current block, motion information of the current block may be derived in the same manner as previously applied to the merge mode. However, when the skip mode is applied, the residual signal for the corresponding block is omitted, and thus prediction samples can be directly used as reconstructed samples.

When the MVP mode is applied to the current block, a motion vector of a reconstructed spatial neighboring block (eg, a neighboring block shown in FIG. 10) and/or a motion vector corresponding to a temporal neighboring block (or Col block) are used. Thus, a motion vector predictor (mvp) candidate list may be generated. That is, a motion vector of the reconstructed spatial neighboring block and/or a motion vector corresponding to the temporal neighboring block may be used as a motion vector predictor candidate of the current block. When bi-prediction is applied, an mvp candidate list for deriving L0 motion information and an mvp candidate list for deriving L1 motion information may be separately generated and used. Prediction information (or information on prediction) for the current block is candidate selection information indicating an optimal motion vector predictor candidate selected from among motion vector predictor candidates included in the mvp candidate list (ex. MVP flag or MVP index) It may include. In this case, the prediction unit may select a motion vector predictor of the current block from among the motion vector predictor candidates included in the mvp candidate list using the candidate selection information. The predictor of the video encoding apparatus may obtain a motion vector difference (MVD) between the motion vector of the current block and the motion vector predictor, encode the motion vector, and output it in the form of a bitstream. That is, MVD may be obtained by subtracting the motion vector predictor from the motion vector of the current block. The prediction unit of the image decoding apparatus may obtain a motion vector difference included in the prediction information, and derive the motion vector of the current block by adding the motion vector difference and the motion vector predictor. The prediction unit of the video decoding apparatus may obtain or derive a reference picture index indicating a reference picture from the prediction information.

First, a spatial candidate block of the current block may be searched and an available candidate block may be inserted into the mvp candidate list (S1210). Thereafter, it is determined whether there are less than two mvp candidates included in the mvp candidate list (S1220), and if there are two, the construction of the mvp candidate list may be completed.

In step S1220, when there are less than two available spatial candidate blocks, a temporal candidate block of the current block may be searched and an available candidate block may be inserted into the mvp candidate list (S1230). When the temporal candidate block is not available, the construction of the mvp candidate list may be completed by inserting a zero motion vector into the mvp candidate list (S1240).

Meanwhile, when the MVP mode is applied, a reference picture index may be explicitly signaled. In this case, a reference picture index (refidxL0) for L0 prediction and a reference picture index (refidxL1) for L1 prediction may be classified and signaled. For example, when the MVP mode is applied and BI prediction is applied, both information on refidxL0 and information on refidxL1 may be signaled.

As described above, when the MVP mode is applied, information on MVD derived from the video encoding apparatus may be signaled to the video decoding apparatus. The information on the MVD may include, for example, information indicating the absolute value of the MVD and the x and y components of the sign. In this case, information indicating whether the absolute MVD value is greater than 0 and greater than 1, and the rest of the MVD may be signaled in stages. For example, information indicating whether the absolute MVD value is greater than 1 may be signaled only when a value of flag information indicating whether the absolute MVD value is greater than 0 is 1.

In FIG. 13, abs_mvd_greater0_flag[0] indicates whether the absolute value of the x component of MVD is greater than 0, and abs_mvd_greater0_flag[1] indicates whether the absolute value of the y component of MVD is greater than 0. Similarly, abs_mvd_greater1_flag[0] indicates whether the absolute value of the x component of MVD is greater than 1, and abs_mvd_greater1_flag[1] indicates whether the absolute value of the y component of MVD is greater than 1. As shown in FIG. 13, abs_mvd_greater1_flag can be transmitted only when abs_mvd_greater0_flag is 1. In FIG. 13, abs_mvd_minus2 represents a value obtained by subtracting 2 from the absolute value of MVD, and mvd_sign_flag represents whether the sign of the MVD is positive or negative. Using the syntax structure shown in FIG. 13, the MVD can be derived as in Equation 1 below.

[Equation 1]

MVD[compIdx] = abs_mvd_greater0_flag[compIdx] *(abs_mvd_minus2[compIdx]　+　2)*(1-2　*　mvd_sign_flag[compIdx])

Meanwhile, MVD (MVDL0) for L0 prediction and MVD (MVDL1) for L1 prediction may be differentiated and signaled, and the information on MVD may include information on MVDL0 and/or information on MVDL1. For example, when the MVP mode is applied to the current block and BI prediction is applied, both the information on the MVDL0 and the information on the MVDL1 may be signaled.

IBC(Intra Block Copy) 예측의 개요Overview of Intra Block Copy (IBC) prediction

Hereinafter, IBC prediction according to the present disclosure will be described.

IBC prediction may be performed by a prediction unit of an image encoding apparatus/image decoding apparatus. The IBC prediction can be simply called IBC. The IBC may be used for content image/movie coding such as games, such as, for example, screen content coding (SCC). The IBC basically performs prediction in the current picture, but may be performed similarly to inter prediction in that it derives a reference block in the current picture. That is, the IBC may use at least one of the inter prediction techniques described in this disclosure. For example, in IBC, at least one of the aforementioned methods of deriving motion information (motion vector) may be used. At least one of the inter prediction techniques may be partially modified and used in consideration of the IBC prediction. The IBC may refer to the current picture, and thus may be referred to as CPR (current picture referencing).

For IBC, the video encoding apparatus may derive an optimal block vector (or motion vector) for a current block (ex. CU) by performing block matching (BM). The derived block vector (or motion vector) may be signaled to an image decoding apparatus through a bitstream using a method similar to signaling of motion information (motion vector) in the above-described inter prediction. The video decoding apparatus may derive a reference block for the current block in the current picture through the signaled block vector (motion vector), and through this, a prediction signal (predicted block or prediction samples) for the current block. Can be derived. Here, the block vector (or motion vector) may represent a displacement from a current block to a reference block located in an already reconstructed area in the current picture. Therefore, the block vector (or motion vector) may be called a displacement vector. Hereinafter, in IBC, the motion vector may correspond to the block vector or the displacement vector. The motion vector of the current block may include a motion vector for a luma component (a luma motion vector) or a motion vector for a chroma component (a chroma motion vector). For example, the luma motion vector for the IBC coded CU may be in integer sample units (ie, integer precision). The chroma motion vector can also be clipped in units of integer samples. As described above, the IBC may use at least one of inter prediction techniques, and for example, the luma motion vector may be encoded/decoded using the merge mode or the MVP mode described above.

When the merge mode is applied to the luma IBC block, the merge candidate list for the luma IBC block may be configured similarly to the merge candidate list in the inter mode described with reference to FIG. 11. However, in the case of a luma IBC block, a temporal neighboring block may not be used as a merge candidate.

When the MVP mode is applied to the luma IBC block, the mvp candidate list for the luma IBC block may be configured similarly to the mvp candidate list in the inter mode described with reference to FIG. 12. However, in the case of a luma IBC block, a temporal candidate block may not be used as an mvp candidate.

IBC derives a reference block from an already reconstructed area in the current picture. In this case, in order to reduce memory consumption and complexity of the image decoding apparatus, only a predefined area among the reconstructed areas in the current picture may be referenced. The predefined area may include a current CTU including a current block. In this way, by limiting the referenceable recovery area to a predefined area, the IBC mode can be implemented in hardware using a local on-chip memory.

An image encoding apparatus performing IBC may search for the predefined area to determine a reference block having the smallest RD cost, and derive a motion vector (block vector) based on the positions of the reference block and the current block.

Whether to apply IBC to the current block may be signaled as IBC performance information at the CU level. Information on a signaling method (IBC MVP mode or IBC skip/merge mode) of the motion vector of the current block may be signaled. The IBC performance information may be used to determine the prediction mode of the current block. Accordingly, the IBC performance information may be included in the information on the prediction mode of the current block.

In the case of the IBC skip/merge mode, a merge candidate index may be signaled and used to indicate a block vector to be used for prediction of a current luma block among block vectors included in the merge candidate list. In this case, the merge candidate list may include neighboring blocks encoded with IBC. The merge candidate list may include a spatial merge candidate and may be configured not to include a temporal merge candidate. In addition, the merge candidate list may additionally include a history-based motion vector predictor (HMVP) candidate and/or a pairwise candidate.

In the case of the IBC MVP mode, the block vector difference value may be encoded in the same manner as the motion vector difference value of the aforementioned inter mode. The block vector prediction method may construct and use an mvp candidate list including two candidates as predictors, similar to the MVP mode of the inter mode. One of the two candidates may be derived from a left neighboring block, and the other one may be derived from an upper neighboring block. In this case, a candidate can be derived from the neighboring block only when the left or upper neighboring block is encoded by IBC. If the left or upper neighboring block is not available, for example, if it is not encoded by IBC, a default block vector may be included in the mvp candidate list as a predictor. In addition, information (eg, a flag) for indicating one of the two block vector predictors is signaled and used as candidate selection information is similar to the MVP mode of the inter mode. The mvp candidate list may include an HMVP candidate and/or a zero motion vector as a default block vector.

The HMVP candidate may be referred to as a history-based MVP candidate, and the MVP candidate, merge candidate, or block vector candidate used before encoding/decoding of the current block may be stored in the HMVP list as the HMVP candidate. Thereafter, when the merge candidate list or mvp candidate list of the current block does not include the maximum number of candidates, the candidates stored in the HMVP list may be added to the merge candidate list or mvp candidate list of the current block as HMVP candidates.

The pairwise candidate refers to a candidate derived by selecting two candidates according to a predetermined order among candidates already included in the merge candidate list of the current block and averaging the selected two candidates.

14 is a flowchart illustrating an IBC-based video/video encoding method.

The encoding method of FIG. 14 may be performed by the video encoding apparatus of FIG. 2. Specifically, step S1410 may be performed by the prediction unit, and step S1420 may be performed by the residual processing unit. Specifically, step S1420 may be performed by the subtraction unit 115. Step S1430 may be performed by the entropy encoding unit 190. The prediction information of step S1430 may be derived by the prediction unit, and the residual information of step S1430 may be derived by the residual processing unit. The residual information is information on the residual samples. The residual information may include information on quantized transform coefficients for the residual samples. As described above, the residual samples may be derived as transform coefficients through the transform unit 120 of the image encoding apparatus, and the transform coefficients may be derived as quantized transform coefficients through the quantization unit 130. Information about the quantized transform coefficients may be encoded by the entropy encoding unit 190 through a residual coding procedure.

The image encoding apparatus may perform IBC prediction (IBC-based prediction) on the current block (S1410). The image encoding apparatus may derive a prediction mode and a motion vector (block vector) of the current block, and generate prediction samples of the current block. The prediction mode may include at least one of the aforementioned inter prediction modes. Here, a procedure for determining a prediction mode, deriving a motion vector, and generating prediction samples may be performed simultaneously, or one procedure may be performed prior to another procedure. For example, as illustrated in FIG. 15, a prediction unit of an image encoding apparatus that performs an IBC-based video/image encoding method may include a prediction mode determination unit, a motion vector derivation unit, and a prediction sample derivation unit. A prediction mode determination unit may determine a prediction mode for the current block, a motion vector derivation unit may derive a motion vector of the current block, and a prediction sample derivation unit may derive prediction samples of the current block. For example, the prediction unit of the video encoding apparatus searches for a block similar to the current block within the reconstructed area (or a certain area (search area) of the reconstructed area) of the current picture, and the difference from the current block is minimal or Reference blocks below a certain standard can be derived. The image encoding apparatus may derive a motion vector based on a difference in displacement between the reference block and the current block. The image encoding apparatus may determine a mode applied to the current block from among various prediction modes. The video encoding apparatus may compare rate-distortion costs for the various prediction modes and determine an optimal prediction mode for the current block. However, the method of determining the prediction mode for the current block by the image encoding apparatus is not limited to the above example, and various methods may be used.

For example, when a skip mode or a merge mode is applied to the current block, the video encoding apparatus may derive merge candidates from neighboring blocks of the current block and construct a merge candidate list using the derived merge candidates. . In addition, the image encoding apparatus may derive a reference block in which a difference between the current block and the current block among reference blocks indicated by merge candidates included in the merge candidate list is a minimum or less than a predetermined reference. In this case, a merge candidate associated with the derived reference block is selected, and merge index information indicating the selected merge candidate may be generated and signaled to the image decoding apparatus. The motion vector of the current block may be derived by using the motion vector of the selected merge candidate.

As another example, when the MVP mode is applied to the current block, the video encoding apparatus derives motion vector predictor (mvp) candidates from neighboring blocks of the current block, and constructs an mvp candidate list using the derived mvp candidates. I can. In addition, the image encoding apparatus may use a motion vector of an mvp candidate selected from among mvp candidates included in the mvp candidate list as the mvp of the current block. In this case, for example, a motion vector indicating a reference block derived by motion estimation described above may be used as a motion vector of the current block, and the difference between the motion vector of the current block among the mvp candidates is the smallest. An mvp candidate having a motion vector may be the selected mvp candidate. A motion vector difference (MVD) which is a difference obtained by subtracting the mvp from the motion vector of the current block may be derived. In this case, index information indicating the selected mvp candidate and information about the MVD may be signaled to the video decoding apparatus.

The image encoding apparatus may derive residual samples based on the prediction samples (S1420). The image encoding apparatus may derive the residual samples by comparing the original samples of the current block with the prediction samples. For example, the residual sample may be derived by subtracting a corresponding prediction sample from an original sample.

The image encoding apparatus may encode image information including prediction information and residual information (S1430). The image encoding apparatus may output the encoded image information in the form of a bitstream. The prediction information is information related to the prediction procedure and may include prediction mode information (eg, skip flag, merge flag or mode index, etc.) and information on a motion vector. Among the prediction mode information, the skip flag is information indicating whether the skip mode is applied to the current block, and the merge flag is information indicating whether the merge mode is applied to the current block. Alternatively, the prediction mode information may be information indicating one of a plurality of prediction modes, such as a mode index. When the skip flag and the merge flag are each 0, it may be determined that the MVP mode is applied to the current block. The information on the motion vector may include candidate selection information (eg, merge index, mvp flag or mvp index) that is information for deriving a motion vector. Among the candidate selection information, the merge index may be signaled when a merge mode is applied to the current block, and may be information for selecting one of merge candidates included in the merge candidate list. Among the candidate selection information, the mvp flag or mvp index may be signaled when the MVP mode is applied to the current block, and may be information for selecting one of mvp candidates included in the mvp candidate list. In addition, the information on the motion vector may include information on the above-described MVD. In addition, the information on the motion vector may include information indicating whether L0 prediction, L1 prediction, or bi prediction is applied. The residual information is information on the residual samples. The residual information may include information on quantized transform coefficients for the residual samples.

16 is a flowchart illustrating an IBC-based video/video decoding method.

The image decoding apparatus may perform an operation corresponding to an operation performed by the image encoding apparatus. The image decoding apparatus may perform IBC prediction on the current block and derive prediction samples based on the received prediction information.

The decoding method of FIG. 16 may be performed by the video decoding apparatus of FIG. 3. Dean systems S1610 to S1630 may be performed by the prediction unit, and the prediction information of step S1610 and the residual information of step S1640 may be obtained from the bitstream by the entropy decoding unit 210. The residual processing unit of the image decoding apparatus may derive residual samples for the current block based on the residual information (S1640). Specifically, the inverse quantization unit 220 of the residual processing unit derives transform coefficients by performing inverse quantization based on the quantized transform coefficients derived based on the residual information, and the inverse transform unit of the residual processing unit ( 230) may derive residual samples for the current block by performing inverse transform on the transform coefficients. Step S1650 may be performed by the addition unit 235 or the restoration unit.

In more detail, the image decoding apparatus may determine a prediction mode for the current block based on the received prediction information (S1610). The video decoding apparatus may determine which prediction mode is applied to the current block based on prediction mode information in the prediction information.

For example, it may be determined whether the skip mode is applied to the current block based on the skip flag. In addition, it may be determined whether the merge mode is applied to the current block or the MVP mode is determined based on the merge flag. Alternatively, one of various prediction mode candidates may be selected based on the mode index. The prediction mode candidates may include a skip mode, a merge mode and/or an MVP mode, or may include the aforementioned various inter prediction modes.

The image decoding apparatus may derive a motion vector of the current block based on the determined prediction mode (S1620). For example, when a skip mode or a merge mode is applied to the current block, the video decoding apparatus may configure the above-described merge candidate list and select one merge candidate from among merge candidates included in the merge candidate list. The selection may be performed based on the aforementioned candidate selection information (merge index). The motion vector of the current block may be derived by using the motion vector of the selected merge candidate. For example, the motion vector of the selected merge candidate may be used as the motion vector of the current block.

As another example, when the MVP mode is applied to the current block, the video decoding apparatus may configure an mvp candidate list and use a motion vector of an mvp candidate selected from among mvp candidates included in the mvp candidate list as the mvp of the current block. have. The selection may be performed based on the aforementioned candidate selection information (mvp flag or mvp index). In this case, the MVD of the current block may be derived based on the information on the MVD, and a motion vector of the current block may be derived based on the mvp of the current block and the MVD.

The image decoding apparatus may generate prediction samples for the current block based on the motion vector of the current block (S1630). Predictive samples of the current block may be derived using samples of a reference block indicated by the motion vector of the current block on the current picture. In some cases, a prediction sample filtering procedure may be further performed on all or part of the prediction samples of the current block.

For example, as illustrated in FIG. 17, a prediction unit of an image decoding apparatus that performs an IBC-based video/image decoding method may include a prediction mode determination unit, a motion vector derivation unit, and a prediction sample derivation unit. The prediction unit of the video decoding apparatus determines a prediction mode for the current block based on the prediction mode information received from the prediction mode determination unit, and moves the current block based on the information on the motion vector received from the motion vector derivation unit. A vector may be derived, and a prediction sample deriving unit may derive prediction samples of the current block.

The image decoding apparatus may generate residual samples for the current block based on the received residual information (S1640). The image decoding apparatus may generate reconstructed samples for the current block based on the prediction samples and the residual samples, and generate a reconstructed picture based on the prediction samples. (S1650). Thereafter, as described above, an in-loop filtering procedure or the like may be further applied to the reconstructed picture.

As described above, one unit (ex. coding unit (CU)) may include a luma block (a luma coding block (CB)) and a chroma block (chroma CB). In this case, the luma block and the corresponding chroma block may have the same motion information (eg, a motion vector) or different motion information. For example, the motion information of the chroma block is derived based on the motion information of the luma block, so that the luma block and the corresponding chroma block may have the same motion information.

IBC 예측 모드에서 미복원 블록의 참조 문제Reference problem of unrestored block in IBC prediction mode

Hereinafter, a method of setting a prediction block in an IBC mode by an encoding device and a decoding device according to an embodiment will be described. Since the encoding apparatus can encode a motion vector for a prediction block similarly to the operation of the decoding apparatus described later, the following decoding apparatus will be mainly described, and then the description of the encoding apparatus will be described later.

18 is a diagram illustrating a current block 1810 and a candidate reference block 1820 which are decoding target blocks. As described above, the candidate reference block 1820 may be indicated by a motion vector candidate 1811 derived from a neighboring block of the current block 1810. When the encoding mode of the current block 1810 is the IBC mode, the candidate reference block 1820 is located in the same picture as the current block 1810.

As shown in FIG. 18, an overlapping region 1822 in which a portion of the candidate reference block 1820 overlaps the current block 1810 may exist. The overlapping area is shown by hatching in FIG. 18. In this case, the sample values of the candidate reference block 1820 may not be reconstructed with respect to the overlapping area 1822. Accordingly, there occurs a problem that the current block 1810 cannot be reconstructed using the candidate reference block 1820.

IBC 예측 모드에서 움직임 벡터 후보 갱신 개요Overview of motion vector candidate update in IBC prediction mode

In order to solve the above-described problem, the motion vector candidate 1911 of the current block may be modified. 19 is a diagram illustrating an embodiment in which a motion vector candidate 1911 of a current block is modified. In the decoding apparatus according to an embodiment, as shown in FIG. 18, when a region of the candidate reference block 1820 indicated by the motion vector candidate 1811 of the current block overlaps the current block, as shown in FIG. 19, the current picture is reconstructed. The motion vector candidate 1911 may be modified to refer to the candidate reference block 1910 located in the designated area.

To this end, the decoding apparatus according to an embodiment may update the candidate reference block 1910 as follows. This will be described with reference to FIG. 20. The decoding apparatus according to an embodiment may determine the availability of a candidate reference block indicated by the motion vector candidate of the current block (S2010). The decoding apparatus may determine the availability of the candidate reference block according to whether all samples of the candidate reference block have already been reconstructed.

For example, if all samples of the candidate reference block have been restored or the sample values are validly stored in the memory, the decoding apparatus may determine the candidate reference block as a block usable for prediction and determine that it is available. have. If at least one sample value of the candidate reference blocks has not been restored or is not stored in the memory, the decoding apparatus may determine that the candidate reference block is a block that cannot be used for prediction and determines that the candidate reference block is not available.

Alternatively, if a region of the candidate reference block does not overlap the current block, the decoding apparatus may determine that the candidate reference block can be used for prediction. For example, the decoding apparatus may determine the availability of a corresponding candidate reference block based on a lower right position of the candidate reference block and an upper left position of the current block. Alternatively, the decoding apparatus may determine the availability of the corresponding candidate reference block based on the motion vector candidate and the size of the current block.

Next, if the reference block is not available, the decoding apparatus may update the candidate reference block (S2020). In an embodiment, as described with reference to FIG. 19, the decoding apparatus may update the candidate reference block with the selected block 1910 from among the reconstructed regions in the current picture. Alternatively, the decoding apparatus may update the candidate reference block 1910 by modifying the motion vector candidate 1911.

Next, the decoding apparatus may perform prediction of the current block by using the updated candidate reference block (S2030). The decoding apparatus may reconstruct the current block by using the prediction block generated as a result of prediction of the current block and the residual block obtained from the bitstream.

후보 참조 블록 가용성 판단Candidate reference block availability determination

Hereinafter, a method of determining the availability of a candidate reference block by the decoding apparatus according to an embodiment will be described in more detail with reference to the drawings. The example of the current block 1810 and the candidate reference block 1820 shown in FIG. 18 is an example of a condition in which the candidate reference block is not available, and the current block 1810 and the candidate reference block 1910 shown in FIG. A method for determining availability of a candidate reference block will be described below by taking an example as an example of a condition in which the candidate reference block is available.

In the decoding apparatus according to an embodiment, as shown in FIG. 18, when the lower right position of the candidate reference block 1820 is located lower right than the upper left position of the current block 1810, the corresponding candidate reference block 1820 is not available. It can be decided not. Meanwhile, as shown in FIG. 19, when the lower right position of the candidate reference block 1910 is positioned above the upper left position of the current block 1810 or positioned to the left of the upper left position, the corresponding candidate reference block ( 1910) can be judged as available.

21 is a flowchart illustrating a method of determining availability of a candidate reference block by comparing a lower right position of a candidate reference block and an upper left position of a current block, by a decoding apparatus according to an embodiment. Referring to FIG. 21, the decoding apparatus may determine whether the x-coordinate value of the lower-right sample of the candidate reference block is smaller than the x-coordinate value of the upper-left sample of the current block (S2110). In such a case, the decoding apparatus may determine that the candidate reference block is available (S2120). Meanwhile, if not, the decoding apparatus may determine whether the y-coordinate value of the lower-right sample of the candidate reference block is smaller than the y-coordinate value of the upper-left sample of the current block (S2130). In such a case, the decoding apparatus may determine that the candidate reference block is available (S2120). Meanwhile, if not, the decoding apparatus may determine that the corresponding candidate reference block is not available (S2140). In this embodiment, the decoding apparatus may perform the steps S2110 and S2130 by changing the order.

Also, the decoding apparatus according to an embodiment may determine the availability of the candidate reference block based on the motion vector candidate of the current block and the size of the current block. In the decoding apparatus according to an embodiment, as shown in FIG. 18, the absolute value of the x component of the motion vector candidate 1811 is smaller than the width of the current block 1810, and the absolute value of the y component of the motion vector candidate 1811 is the current block. If it is smaller than the height of (1810), it may be determined that the candidate reference block 1820 indicated by the motion vector candidate 1811 is not available. Meanwhile, as illustrated in FIG. 19, the absolute value of the x component of the motion vector candidate 1911 is equal to or greater than the width of the current block 1810, or the absolute value of the y component of the motion vector candidate 1911 is the current block 1810. If it is equal to or greater than the height of, the candidate reference block 1910 indicated by the corresponding motion vector candidate 1911 may be determined to be available.

22 is a flowchart illustrating a method of determining the availability of a candidate reference block based on information about a motion vector candidate and a size of a current block, by a decoding apparatus according to an embodiment. Referring to FIG. 22, the decoding apparatus may determine whether the absolute value of the x component of the motion vector candidate is greater than or equal to the width of the current block (S2210). In such a case, the decoding apparatus may determine that the candidate reference block is available (S2220). Meanwhile, if not, the decoding apparatus may determine whether the absolute value of the y component of the motion vector candidate is equal to or greater than the height of the current block (S2230). In such a case, the decoding apparatus may determine that the candidate reference block is available (S2220). Meanwhile, if not, the decoding apparatus may determine that the corresponding candidate reference block is not available (S2240). Even in this embodiment, the decoding apparatus may perform the steps S2210 and S2230 by changing the order.

후보 참조 블록 갱신Candidate reference block update

Hereinafter, a method of updating a candidate reference block by a decoding apparatus according to an embodiment will be described. 23 is a diagram for describing a method of updating a candidate reference block in a horizontal direction. In the decoding apparatus according to an embodiment, as shown in FIG. 18, when a region 1822 of the current candidate reference block 1820 overlaps with a region of the current block 1810, the current candidate reference block 1820 as shown in FIG. 23 A candidate reference block of the current block 1810 may be updated with a candidate reference block 2310 located in the horizontal direction of and not overlapping with the current block 1810.

The decoding apparatus according to an embodiment sets the x-coordinate of an upper-left sample used when specifying a candidate reference block to a value obtained by subtracting the width of the current block from the x-coordinate of the upper-left sample of the current block, as shown in FIG. The reference block 2310 may be updated. Also, the decoding apparatus according to an embodiment may update the candidate reference block to a block further spaced apart from the current block by increasing a value subtracted from the x-coordinate of the upper left sample of the current block. In this case, the subtracted value may be limited so that one area of the candidate reference block does not deviate from the current picture.

In addition, the decoding apparatus according to an embodiment sets the x component of the motion vector candidate of the current block as a value of the width of the current block, and maintains the sign of the x component as it is, thereby indicating the updated candidate reference block. You can also update Also, the decoding apparatus according to an embodiment may update the candidate reference block to a block further spaced apart from the current block by setting the x component of the motion vector candidate to a value larger than the width of the current block. In this case, the subtracted value may be limited so that one area of the candidate reference block does not deviate from the current picture.

Hereinafter, a method of updating a candidate reference block by a decoding apparatus according to another embodiment will be described. 24 is a diagram illustrating a method of updating a candidate reference block in a vertical direction. In the decoding apparatus according to an embodiment, when a region of the current candidate reference block 1820 overlaps with a region of the current block 1810 as shown in FIG. 18, the vertical direction of the current candidate reference block 1820 as shown in FIG. The candidate reference block may be updated with the candidate reference block 2410 located at and not overlapping with the current block.

The decoding apparatus according to an embodiment sets the y-coordinate of the upper-left sample used when specifying the candidate reference block to a value obtained by subtracting the height of the current block 1810 from the y-coordinate of the upper-left sample of the current block 1810. , As shown in FIG. 24, the candidate reference block 2410 may be updated. Also, the decoding apparatus according to an embodiment may update a candidate reference block to a block further spaced apart from the current block by increasing a value subtracted from the y-coordinate of the upper left sample of the current block. In this case, the subtracted value may be limited so that one area of the candidate reference block does not deviate from the current picture.

In addition, the decoding apparatus according to an embodiment sets the y component of the motion vector candidate as a value of the height of the current block 1810 and maintains the sign of the y component to indicate the updated candidate reference block 2410. It is also possible to update the motion vector candidate. Also, the decoding apparatus according to an embodiment may update the candidate reference block to a block further separated from the current block by setting the y component of the motion vector candidate of the current block to a value greater than the height of the current block. In this case, the subtracted value may be limited so that one area of the candidate reference block does not deviate from the current picture.

Hereinafter, a method of updating a candidate reference block by a decoding apparatus according to another embodiment will be described. 25 is a diagram illustrating a method of updating a candidate reference block in a diagonal direction. In the decoding apparatus according to an embodiment, when an area of the candidate reference block 1820 overlaps with an area of the current block 1810 as shown in FIG. 18, the decoding apparatus is located in a diagonal direction of the current block 1810, as shown in FIG. , The candidate reference block may be updated with a candidate reference block 2510 that does not overlap with the current block 1810.

The decoding apparatus according to an embodiment sets the x-coordinate of the upper-left sample used when specifying the candidate reference block as a value obtained by subtracting the width of the current block from the x-coordinate of the upper-left sample of the current block 1810, and refers to the candidate. The candidate reference block 2510 is updated as shown in FIG. 25 by setting the y-coordinate of the upper-left sample used when specifying the block to a value obtained by subtracting the height of the current block from the y-coordinate of the upper-left sample of the current block 1810. can do. Also, the decoding apparatus according to an embodiment may update the candidate reference block to a block further spaced apart from the current block by increasing values subtracted from the x-coordinate and y-coordinate of the upper left sample of the current block. In this case, the subtracted value may be limited so that one area of the candidate reference block does not deviate from the current picture.

In addition, the decoding apparatus according to an embodiment sets the x component of the motion vector candidate as a value of the width of the current block 1810, maintains the sign of the x component, and sets the y component of the motion vector candidate to the current block 1810. ), and by maintaining the sign of the y component as it is, the motion vector candidate may be updated to indicate the updated candidate reference block 2510. In addition, the decoding apparatus according to an embodiment sets the x and y components of the motion vector candidate of the current block 1810 to a value larger than the width and height of the current block 1810 to refer to the candidate as a block further spaced apart from the current block. Blocks can also be updated. In this case, the set value may be limited so that a region of the candidate reference block does not deviate from the current picture.

Hereinafter, a method of updating a candidate reference block by a decoding apparatus according to another embodiment will be described. 26 is a diagram for describing a method of updating a candidate reference block in a direction indicated by a motion vector candidate. The decoding apparatus according to an embodiment is positioned in the direction indicated by the motion vector candidate 2611 as shown in FIG. 26 when a region of the candidate reference block 1820 overlaps the region of the current block 1810 as shown in FIG. Also, the candidate reference block may be updated with the candidate reference block 2610 that does not overlap the current block 1810.

The decoding apparatus according to an embodiment may update the candidate reference block 2610 as shown in FIG. 26 by scaling the x and y components of the motion vector candidate 2611. In an embodiment, the decoding apparatus may update the candidate reference block 2610 by multiplying the x component and the y component by the same scaling factor.

In the decoding apparatus according to an embodiment, the absolute value of the x component of the scaled motion vector candidate 2611 is greater than or equal to the width of the current block, or the absolute value of the y component of the scaled motion vector candidate is greater than the height of the current block. You can select the scaling factor to have. In an embodiment, the decoding apparatus may update the candidate reference block to a block adjacent to the current block 1810 and one side of the upper or left side. 26 shows a candidate reference block 2610 in contact with the left side of the current block 1810. Alternatively, the decoding apparatus may update the candidate reference block with a block further separated from the current block by selecting a scaling factor having a larger value. In this case, the value of the scaling factor may be limited so that a region of the candidate reference block does not deviate from the current picture.

Meanwhile, in the decoding apparatus according to an embodiment, a scale factor is added to the values of the x and y components of the motion vector candidate of the current block or the x and y coordinates of the upper left sample of the candidate reference block. Like 27, the candidate reference block 2710 may be updated. In an embodiment, the decoding apparatus may update a motion vector candidate or a candidate reference block by adding a scale motion vector 2711 composed of a scale coefficient to the motion vector candidate 2611 as shown in FIG. 27.

The horizontal scale coefficient added to the x component (x coordinate) and the vertical scale coefficient added to the y component (y coordinate) may be set to the same value as shown in FIG. 27 or different values. In an embodiment, the ratio between the horizontal scale factor and the vertical scale factor may follow the ratio of the width and height of the current block. Meanwhile, the decoding apparatus may update the candidate reference block to a block further spaced apart from the current block by selecting a value of the scaling factor having a larger value. In this case, the value of the scaling factor may be limited so that a region of the candidate reference block does not deviate from the current picture.

움직임 벡터 후보 리스트를 이용한 복호화Decoding using motion vector candidate list

The above-described update of the candidate reference block or the motion vector candidate may be applied to the merge mode for the IBC mode and the AMVP mode. In an embodiment, the decoding apparatus may perform the above-described motion vector candidate update to construct a merge candidate list for an IBC mode or an MVP candidate list for an AMVP mode.

The motion vector candidate list according to the present disclosure may include a merge candidate list and/or an MVP candidate list. Both the merge candidate list and the MVP candidate list are in the form of a list, and may include a motion vector of a block adjacent to the current block as a motion vector candidate for determining a motion vector of the current block. Hereinafter, a method of performing decoding by applying the above-described motion vector candidate update to the merge candidate and the MVP candidate will be described.

28 is a diagram illustrating a method of performing decoding by applying an update of a motion vector candidate. First, the decoding apparatus may determine a prediction mode of the current block based on prediction mode information of the current block obtained from a bitstream (S2810). Next, when the prediction mode of the current block is the Intra Block Copy (IBC) mode, the decoding apparatus may determine a motion vector of the current block based on a motion vector candidate derived from a neighboring block of the current block (S2820). . As described later, the decoding apparatus may generate a motion vector candidate list based on whether a block indicated by a motion vector candidate overlaps a current block. In addition, the decoding apparatus may determine a motion vector of the current block based on the motion vector candidate selected from the motion vector candidate list. Next, the decoding apparatus may determine a prediction block of the current block based on the determined motion vector (S2830). Next, the decoding apparatus may generate a reconstructed block of the current block by using the prediction block (S2840).

Hereinafter, step S2820 will be described in more detail with reference to FIG. 29. The decoding apparatus may construct a motion vector candidate list by applying the above-described motion vector candidate update. 29 is a flowchart illustrating a method of constructing a motion vector candidate list by determining availability of a motion vector candidate by a decoding apparatus according to an embodiment.

First, the decoding apparatus according to an embodiment may determine whether a current motion vector candidate is available (S2910). As described above with reference to FIGS. 18 to 22, the decoding apparatus may determine whether a current motion vector candidate is available. If the current motion vector candidate is available, the decoding apparatus may add it to the motion vector candidate list (S2920).

Meanwhile, when the current motion vector candidate is not available, the decoding apparatus may determine the corrected motion vector candidate as described above with reference to FIGS. 23 to 27. Next, the decoding apparatus may determine whether the modified motion vector candidate exists in the motion vector candidate list (S2930). If the modified motion vector candidate exists in the list, the decoding apparatus may discard the current motion vector candidate without adding it to the list (S2940). Meanwhile, when the modified motion vector candidate does not exist in the list, the decoding apparatus may add the modified motion vector candidate to the list.

움직임 벡터 후보 리스트 갱신Update motion vector candidate list

Previously, a method of generating a motion vector candidate list based on the availability of motion vector candidates by the decoding apparatus has been described. Meanwhile, the decoding apparatus according to an embodiment may update a motion vector candidate included in a previously constructed motion vector candidate list based on whether or not they overlap with a current block.

30 is a flowchart illustrating a method of updating a motion vector candidate list by determining availability of a motion vector candidate included in the motion vector candidate list by the decoding apparatus according to an embodiment. First, the decoding apparatus according to an embodiment may generate a motion vector candidate list by using a motion vector of a block adjacent to the current block (S3010). Next, the decoding apparatus may determine whether there is a motion vector candidate that is not available in the motion vector candidate list (S3020). As described above with reference to FIGS. 18 to 22, the decoding apparatus may determine whether there is a motion vector candidate that is not available in the motion vector candidate list. If there is no motion vector candidate that is not available, the decoding apparatus may maintain the current list without modification (S3030).

Meanwhile, when there is an unavailable motion vector candidate, the decoding apparatus may determine the corrected motion vector candidate as described above with reference to FIGS. 23 to 27. In addition, the decoding apparatus may determine whether the modified motion vector candidate exists in the motion vector candidate list (S3040). When the modified motion vector candidate exists in the motion vector candidate list, the decoding apparatus may remove an unavailable motion vector candidate from the motion vector candidate list (S3050). For example, the decoding apparatus may update an unavailable motion vector candidate with a preset additional motion vector candidate such as a zero vector as described above. Meanwhile, when the modified motion vector candidate does not exist in the motion vector candidate list, the decoding apparatus may update a motion vector candidate that is not available in the motion vector candidate list to the modified motion vector candidate (S3060). For example, the decoding apparatus may update a value of a motion vector candidate that is not available in the list to a value of the modified motion vector candidate.

움직임 벡터 갱신을 이용한 부호화Coding using motion vector update

The operation of the decoding apparatus using the update of the candidate reference block or the update of the motion vector candidate has been described above. Hereinafter, the operation of the encoding apparatus corresponding thereto will be described. FIG. 31 is a diagram illustrating a method of encoding an image using updating of a candidate reference block or a motion vector candidate by an encoding apparatus according to an embodiment. The encoding apparatus according to an embodiment may predict a current block in a plurality of prediction modes and perform encoding to find an optimal encoding method for the current block. In an embodiment, the encoding apparatus may select an IBC mode as a prediction mode of the current block (S3110). When the encoding mode of the current block is the IBC mode, the encoding apparatus may generate a prediction block of the current block in the current picture and generate a motion vector indicating this (S3120). Further, the encoding apparatus may encode the current block based on the prediction block, and may encode the motion vector of the current block based on a motion vector candidate derived from a neighboring block of the current block (S3130).

In an embodiment, the encoding apparatus may use a merge mode or an AMVP mode to encode a motion vector of a current block. In this case, the encoding apparatus may determine whether the merge candidate or the candidate reference block indicated by the MVP candidate is available by using the above-described motion vector candidate availability determination method. The encoding apparatus may update the merge candidate or the MVP candidate based on the availability determination result, and may generate a merge candidate list or an MVP candidate list based on this, or update a previously generated list. Accordingly, the encoding apparatus may encode the motion vector of the current block based on the merge candidate list or the MVP candidate list to which the above-described motion vector update method is applied.

Exemplary methods of the present disclosure are expressed as a series of operations for clarity of explanation, but this is not intended to limit the order in which steps are performed, and each step may be performed simultaneously or in a different order if necessary. In order to implement the method according to the present disclosure, the illustrative steps may include additional steps, other steps may be included excluding some steps, or may include additional other steps excluding some steps.

In the present disclosure, an image encoding apparatus or an image decoding apparatus performing a predetermined operation (step) may perform an operation (step) of confirming an execution condition or situation of the operation (step). For example, when it is described that a predetermined operation is performed when a predetermined condition is satisfied, the video encoding apparatus or the video decoding apparatus performs an operation to check whether the predetermined condition is satisfied, and then performs the predetermined operation. I can.

Various embodiments of the present disclosure are not intended to list all possible combinations, but to describe representative aspects of the present disclosure, and matters described in the various embodiments may be applied independently or may be applied in combination of two or more.

In addition, various embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented by hardware, firmware, software, or a combination thereof. For implementation by hardware, one or more ASICs (Application Specific Integrated Circuits), DSPs (Digital Signal Processors), DSPDs (Digital Signal Processing Devices), PLDs (Programmable Logic Devices), FPGAs (Field Programmable Gate Arrays), general purpose It may be implemented by a processor (general processor), a controller, a microcontroller, a microprocessor, or the like.

In addition, the image decoding device and the image encoding device to which the embodiment of the present disclosure is applied include a multimedia broadcasting transmission/reception device, a mobile communication terminal, a home cinema video device, a digital cinema video device, a surveillance camera, a video chat device, and a real-time communication device such as video communication. , Mobile streaming devices, storage media, camcorders, video-on-demand (VoD) service providers, OTT video (Over the top video) devices, Internet streaming service providers, three-dimensional (3D) video devices, video telephony video devices, and medical use. It may be included in a video device or the like, and may be used to process a video signal or a data signal. For example, an OTT video (Over the top video) device may include a game console, a Blu-ray player, an Internet-connected TV, a home theater system, a smartphone, a tablet PC, and a digital video recorder (DVR).

As shown in FIG. 32, the content streaming system to which the embodiment of the present disclosure is applied may largely include an encoding server, a streaming server, a web server, a media storage device, a user device, and a multimedia input device.

The encoding server serves to generate a bitstream by compressing content input from multimedia input devices such as smartphones, cameras, camcorders, etc. into digital data, and transmits it to the streaming server. As another example, when multimedia input devices such as smartphones, cameras, camcorders, etc. directly generate bitstreams, the encoding server may be omitted.

The bitstream may be generated by an image encoding method and/or an image encoding apparatus to which an embodiment of the present disclosure is applied, and the streaming server may temporarily store the bitstream in a process of transmitting or receiving the bitstream.

The streaming server may transmit multimedia data to a user device based on a user request through a web server, and the web server may serve as an intermediary for notifying the user of a service. When a user requests a desired service from the web server, the web server transmits the request to the streaming server, and the streaming server may transmit multimedia data to the user. In this case, the content streaming system may include a separate control server, and in this case, the control server may play a role of controlling a command/response between devices in the content streaming system.

The streaming server may receive content from a media storage and/or encoding server. For example, when content is received from the encoding server, the content may be received in real time. In this case, in order to provide a smooth streaming service, the streaming server may store the bitstream for a predetermined time.

Examples of the user device include a mobile phone, a smart phone, a laptop computer, a digital broadcasting terminal, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a portable multimedia player (PMP), a navigation system, a slate PC, and Tablet PC, ultrabook, wearable device, for example, smartwatch, smart glass, head mounted display (HMD)), digital TV, desktop There may be computers, digital signage, etc.

Each server in the content streaming system may be operated as a distributed server, and in this case, data received from each server may be distributedly processed.

The scope of the present disclosure is software or machine-executable instructions (e.g., operating systems, applications, firmware, programs, etc.) that cause an operation according to the method of various embodiments to be executed on a device or computer, and such software or It includes a non-transitory computer-readable medium (non-transitory computer-readable medium) which stores instructions and the like and is executable on a device or a computer.

An embodiment according to the present disclosure may be used to encode/decode an image.

Claims

In the video decoding method performed by the video decoding apparatus,

Determining a prediction mode of the current block based on prediction mode information of the current block obtained from a bitstream;

When the prediction mode of the current block is an intra block copy (IBC) mode, determining a motion vector of the current block based on a motion vector candidate derived from a neighboring block of the current block;

Determining a prediction block of the current block based on the motion vector; And

And generating a reconstructed block of the current block using the prediction block,

The motion vector of the current block is determined based on information on the motion vector candidate and the size of the current block.
The method of claim 1,

The motion vector of the current block is determined based on an x component of the motion vector candidate, a y component of the motion vector candidate, a width of the current block, and a height of the current block.
The method of claim 2,

The step of determining the motion vector of the current block,

If the absolute value of the x component of the motion vector candidate is less than the width of the current block and the absolute value of the y component of the motion vector candidate is less than the height of the current block, modifying the motion vector candidate; And

And determining a motion vector of the current block based on the modified motion vector candidate.
The method of claim 3,

The step of modifying the motion vector candidate is performed based on at least one of a height and a width of the current block.
The method of claim 4,

The step of modifying the motion vector candidate,

An image decoding method performed by replacing the absolute value of the x component of the motion vector candidate with a predetermined value equal to or greater than the width of the current block.
The method of claim 4,

The step of modifying the motion vector candidate,

An image decoding method performed by replacing the absolute value of the y component of the motion vector candidate with a predetermined value equal to or greater than the height of the current block.
The method of claim 4,

The step of modifying the motion vector candidate,

An image decoding method performed by replacing the absolute value of the x component of the motion vector candidate with a predetermined value equal to or greater than the width of the current block, and replacing the absolute value of the y component of the motion vector candidate with a predetermined value equal to or greater than the height of the current block .
The method of claim 4,

The step of modifying the motion vector candidate,

It is performed by applying the same scaling factor to the x and y components of the motion vector candidate,

The scaling factor is,

An image decoding method in which the absolute value of the x component of the modified motion vector candidate has a value equal to or greater than the width of the current block, or the absolute value of the y component of the modified motion vector candidate has a value greater than the height of the current block.
The method of claim 1,

The step of determining the motion vector of the current block,

The sum of the upper left x-coordinate of the candidate reference block indicated by the motion vector candidate and the width of the current block is greater than the upper-left x-coordinate of the current block, and the upper-left y-coordinate of the candidate reference block and the current block If the sum of the height of is greater than the upper-left y-coordinate of the current block, modifying the motion vector candidate; And

And determining a motion vector of the current block based on the modified motion vector candidate.
The method of claim 1,

The step of determining the motion vector of the current block,

Constructing a motion vector candidate list using the motion vector candidate; And

And for each of the motion vector candidates included in the motion vector candidate list, modifying the motion vector candidate based on the motion vector candidate and information on the size of the current block.
The method of claim 1,

The step of determining the motion vector of the current block,

Modifying the motion vector candidate based on the motion vector candidate and information about the size of the current block;

Constructing a motion vector candidate list using the modified motion vector candidate; And

And determining a motion vector of the current block based on the motion vector candidate list.
The method of claim 11,

When the motion vector candidate identical to the modified motion vector candidate does not exist in the motion vector candidate list, the modified motion vector candidate is included in the motion vector candidate list.
An image decoding apparatus comprising a memory and at least one processor,

The at least one processor

Determine the prediction mode of the current block based on the prediction mode information of the current block obtained from the bitstream,

When the prediction mode of the current block is an intra block copy (IBC) mode, a motion vector of the current block is determined based on a motion vector candidate derived from a neighboring block of the current block,

Determine a prediction block of the current block based on the motion vector,

Generates a reconstructed block of the current block using the prediction block,

The motion vector of the current block is determined based on information on the motion vector candidate and the size of the current block.
In the video encoding method performed by the video encoding apparatus,

Selecting a prediction mode of the current block;

When the prediction mode of the current block is an Inter Block Copy (IBC) mode, generating a motion vector of the current block and a prediction block of the current block; And

Encoding the current block based on the prediction block, and encoding a motion vector of the current block based on a motion vector candidate derived from a neighboring block of the current block,

An image encoding method in which the motion vector of the current block is encoded based on information about the motion vector candidate and the size of the current block.
A method of transmitting a bitstream generated by the video encoding method of claim 14.