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WO2020181560A1 - 一种基于随机光强涨落的成像方法和系统 - Google Patents

一种基于随机光强涨落的成像方法和系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020181560A1
WO2020181560A1 PCT/CN2019/078183 CN2019078183W WO2020181560A1 WO 2020181560 A1 WO2020181560 A1 WO 2020181560A1 CN 2019078183 W CN2019078183 W CN 2019078183W WO 2020181560 A1 WO2020181560 A1 WO 2020181560A1
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Prior art keywords
imaging target
distribution function
light intensity
expression
imaging
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PCT/CN2019/078183
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王宇
张罗莎
王魁波
朱精果
杨光华
赵复生
韩哲
亓岩
颜博霞
韩春蕊
郭馨
陈进新
崔惠绒
罗艳
谢婉露
周翊
吴晓斌
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中国科学院微电子研究所
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Priority to PCT/CN2019/078183 priority Critical patent/WO2020181560A1/zh
Publication of WO2020181560A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020181560A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to an imaging method and system based on random light intensity fluctuations.
  • correlative imaging The imaging obtained by correlating the fluctuations of the light field intensity is called correlative imaging. Correlated imaging has become a research hotspot at home and abroad because of its theoretical advantage in breaking the diffraction limit of classical optical systems.
  • the traditional dual-arm intensity-associated imaging scheme uses the laser 1a shown in Figure 1 to illuminate the rotating ground glass 2a to generate pseudothermal light with random fluctuations in light intensity.
  • the signal light illuminates the imaging target 5a and carries the imaging target.
  • the signal light of the information is received by the single-pixel detector 6a, and the reference light is received by the area array detector 4a after being split.
  • the correlation result of the single-pixel detector 6a and the area array detector 4a is used to reconstruct the image of the imaging target.
  • the image imaging and image reconstruction speed of this system is slow. Since the working principle of the area array detector 4a used in the solution determines that each frame of image requires sufficient integration time and readout time, and subsequent analog processing circuits and data acquisition circuits will take more time.
  • the sampling frequency of area array detectors is mostly at the MHz level, and the more pixels, the longer the time required for image acquisition per frame.
  • the resolution of the imaging system is limited by the size of the pixel unit of the area array detector 4a.
  • the computational ghost imaging scheme developed on the basis of the dual-arm intensity-associated imaging scheme uses a laser 1b to illuminate the microlens array or the projection device 7b to produce pseudothermographic illumination imaging targets with known light intensity fluctuations 5b, the signal light carrying the imaging target information is received by the single-pixel detector 6b, and the total light intensity information received by the single-pixel detector 6b is correlated with the known pseudo-thermal light field information to reconstruct the image of the imaging target.
  • the system needs to introduce complex optical modules such as digital microlens arrays or projection systems to generate randomly fluctuating light field distributions.
  • the pixel unit of the digital microlens array is about 10 ⁇ m, and the resolution of the light field is relatively low after transmission. Therefore, this solution can only be used for remote sensing, imaging of buildings or daily macroscopic objects.
  • the current image reconstruction of the associated imaging method is based on the correlation between the intensity of the reference light and the signal light.
  • Various improvements are based on the reference light signal, that is, the acquisition of the random fluctuation light field.
  • Information needs to be added to a cumbersome optical module, and the resolution of the system is also easily affected by the limitation of the pixel unit size of the area array detector or the transmission of the digital microlens array, making the resolution lower.
  • An aspect of the present disclosure provides an imaging method based on random light intensity fluctuations.
  • the method includes: step S1, a light source irradiates ground glass and forms a random fluctuation light field on the surface of the ground glass, the random fluctuation light field After illuminating the imaging target, it is collected by a single-pixel detector to obtain the total light intensity; step S2, rotating the ground glass N times, and repeating step S1 to obtain N total light intensity values, where N ⁇ 1; step S3, establishing the imaging target According to the distribution function expression of the random fluctuation light field, the N total light intensity values and the preset relationship between the distribution function expression, determine the distribution function and position information of the imaging target; step S4, reconstruct an image of the imaging target according to the distribution function and position information of the imaging target.
  • the distribution function expression of the imaging target includes an exponential function, Fourier function, trigonometric function, polynomial, Gaussian function, or Weibull function, and the distribution function expression is an M-dimensional K-order function, where M ⁇ 1; K ⁇ 1.
  • the distribution function expression of the imaging target is a two-dimensional first-order Gaussian function
  • x 0 and y 0 are position information of the imaging target; a, b, and c are mathematical parameters of a two-dimensional first-order Gaussian function.
  • the preset relationship is expressed by the following expression:
  • f(x, y) is the random fluctuation light field distribution
  • t(x, y) is the distribution function of the imaging target
  • I i is the total light intensity
  • i 0 ⁇ N.
  • the determining the distribution function and position information of the imaging target according to the preset relationship between the random fluctuation light field, the N total light intensity values and the distribution function expression includes :
  • the values of mathematical parameters a, b, and c in the distribution function of the imaging target and the values of position information x 0 , y 0 are determined.
  • the imaging target size is micrometers and below.
  • the system includes a light source, ground glass, an imaging target, and a single-pixel detector; wherein the light source illuminates the ground glass and forms a random pattern on the ground glass surface.
  • a fluctuating light field the random fluctuating light field illuminates the imaging target and is collected by a single-pixel detector to obtain the total light intensity, which is used to reconstruct the image of the imaging target.
  • the imaging system further includes a data processing module configured to reconstruct an image of the imaging target according to the value of the total light intensity.
  • the data processing module is configured to obtain N total light intensity values by rotating the ground glass N times, where N ⁇ 1; establishing the distribution function expression of the imaging target, and according to the random fluctuation light
  • the predetermined relationship between the field, the N total light intensity values and the distribution function expression determines the distribution function and position information of the imaging target; and reconstructs imaging according to the distribution function and position information of the imaging target The image of the target.
  • the distribution function expression of the imaging target is a two-dimensional first-order Gaussian function
  • x 0 and y 0 are the position information of the imaging target; a, b, and c are the mathematical parameters of a two-dimensional first-order Gaussian function;
  • the preset relationship is expressed by the following expression:
  • f(x, y) is the random fluctuation light field distribution
  • t(x, y) is the distribution function of the imaging target
  • I i is the total light intensity
  • i 0 ⁇ N.
  • FIG. 1 schematically shows the structure diagram of a traditional dual-arm intensity correlation imaging system provided in the prior art
  • FIG. 2 schematically shows a structural diagram of a computational ghost imaging system provided by the prior art
  • FIG. 3 schematically shows a method flowchart of an imaging method based on random light intensity fluctuations provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 4 schematically shows a structural diagram of an imaging system based on random light intensity fluctuations provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • An embodiment of the present disclosure provides an imaging method based on random light intensity fluctuations. Referring to FIG. 3 and FIG. 4, the method includes the content of step S1 to step S4:
  • step S1 the light source 1 illuminates the ground glass 2 and forms a random fluctuating light field on the surface of the ground glass 2.
  • the random fluctuating light field illuminates the imaging target 3 and is collected by the single-pixel detector 4 to obtain the total light intensity I 0 .
  • Step S2 rotating the ground glass 2 N times, and repeating step S1 to obtain N total light intensity values, where N ⁇ 1. That is, every time the ground glass 2 is rotated once and the position of the ground glass 2 is changed, a different random fluctuation light field will be formed on the surface of the ground glass 2, so the total light intensity collected by the single-pixel detector 4 will also change accordingly. After rotating the ground glass 2 N times, N total light intensity values will be obtained, I 1 I 2 I 3 I 4 ...I N.
  • Step S3 Establish a distribution function expression of the imaging target 3, and determine the imaging according to the preset relationship among the random fluctuation light field, the N total light intensity values and the distribution function expression The distribution function and location information of target 3.
  • the distribution function expression of the imaging target 3 includes an exponential function, a Fourier function, a trigonometric function, a polynomial, a Gaussian function, or a Weibull function, and the distribution function expression is an M-dimensional K-order function, where M ⁇ 1 ; K ⁇ 1.
  • the distribution function expression of the imaging target 3 is a two-dimensional first-order Gaussian function
  • the distribution function t(x, y) expression is:
  • x 0 and y 0 are the position information of the imaging target 3; a, b, and c are mathematical parameters of a two-dimensional first-order Gaussian function.
  • f(x, y) is the random fluctuation light field distribution
  • t(x, y) is the distribution function of the imaging target 3
  • I i is the total light intensity
  • i 0 ⁇ N.
  • the distribution function and position information of the imaging target 3 are determined ,include:
  • N+1 simultaneous equations are obtained; since the ground glass is rotated to a position, a set of equations can be obtained, and when the ground glass is rotated N times, N equations can be obtained. Combining with an equation when the ground glass is not rotated for the first time, N+1 simultaneous equations are obtained.
  • the values of mathematical parameters a, b, and c in the distribution function of the imaging target 3 and the values of position information x 0 , y 0 are determined. Since all the random fluctuation light field distribution f(x, y) are generated by the same piece of ground glass, the random field generated by the ground glass during one rotation is different, but it will show certain regularity. When solving +1 simultaneous equations, there is no need to know exactly the actual value of the random fluctuation light field distribution f(x, y).
  • the values of the mathematical parameters a, b, and c in the distribution function of the imaging target 3 and the values of the position information x 0 and y 0 can be determined, and the resolution of the system can also be increased by increasing the number of measurements.
  • the size of the imaging target 3 is micrometers and below.
  • Step S4 reconstruct an image of the imaging target 3 according to the distribution function and position information of the imaging target 3.
  • the present disclosure can realize the reconstruction of the imaging target through simple and compact components such as light source, ground glass, imaging target, and single-pixel detector. Without obtaining the actual value of the random fluctuation light field distribution, only By constructing the distribution function of the imaging target, measuring multiple values of total light intensity, and according to the mathematical relationship between the distribution function and multiple values of total light intensity and random fluctuation light field distribution, the imaging target can be achieved reconstruction. It avoids the need to introduce complex optical modules such as digital microlens arrays or projection systems in the prior art, and also solves the problem in the prior art that the actual value of the fluctuating light field distribution needs to be obtained to reconstruct the imaging target.
  • a two-dimensional first-order Gaussian function t(x, y) is used to describe the distribution function of the particle.
  • x 0 and y 0 are the position information of the imaging target (3); a, b, and c are mathematical parameters of a two-dimensional first-order Gaussian function.
  • the values of mathematical parameters a, b, and c in the distribution function of the imaging target and the values of position information x 0 , y 0 are determined. Since all the random fluctuation light field distribution f(x, y) are generated by the same piece of ground glass, the random field generated by the ground glass during one rotation is different, but it will show certain regularity. When solving +1 simultaneous equations, it is not necessary to know the actual value of the random fluctuation light field distribution f(x, y).
  • the values of the mathematical parameters a, b, and c in the distribution function of the imaging target and the values of the position information x 0 , y 0 can be determined, and the resolution of the system can also be increased by increasing the number of measurements.
  • the system includes: a light source 1, ground glass 2, an imaging target 3, and a single-pixel detector 4;
  • the light source 1 illuminates the ground glass 2 and forms a random fluctuation light field on the surface of the ground glass 2.
  • the random fluctuation light field illuminates the imaging target 3 and is collected by the single-pixel detector 4 to obtain the total light intensity. Used to reconstruct the image of the imaging target 3.
  • the imaging system further includes a data processing module configured to reconstruct an image of the imaging target 3 according to the value of the total light intensity.
  • the data processing module may be a computer terminal connected to the single-pixel detector 4.
  • the data processing module is used to obtain N total light intensity values by rotating the ground glass 2 N times, where N ⁇ 1; to establish the distribution function expression of the imaging target 3, according to the random fluctuation
  • the predetermined relationship between the light field, the N total light intensity values and the distribution function expression determines the distribution function and position information of the imaging target 3; according to the distribution function and position information of the imaging target 3 , To reconstruct the image of the imaging target 3.
  • the distribution function expression of the imaging target 3 is a two-dimensional first-order Gaussian function
  • x 0 and y 0 are the position information of the imaging target (3); a, b, and c are the mathematical parameters of a two-dimensional first-order Gaussian function;
  • the preset relationship is expressed by the following expression:
  • f(x, y) is the random fluctuation light field distribution
  • t(x, y) is the distribution function of the imaging target (3)
  • I i is the total light intensity
  • i 0 ⁇ N.
  • N+1 simultaneous equations are obtained; since the ground glass is rotated to a position, a set of equations can be obtained, and when the ground glass is rotated N times, N equations can be obtained. Combining with an equation when the ground glass is not rotated for the first time, N+1 simultaneous equations are obtained.
  • the values of mathematical parameters a, b, and c in the distribution function of the imaging target 3 and the values of position information x 0 , y 0 are determined. Since all the random fluctuation light field distribution f(x, y) are generated by the same piece of ground glass, the random field generated by the ground glass during one rotation is different, but it will show certain regularity. When solving +1 simultaneous equations, there is no need to know exactly the actual value of the random fluctuation light field distribution f(x, y).
  • the values of the mathematical parameters a, b, and c in the distribution function of the imaging target 3 and the values of the position information x 0 and y 0 can be determined, and the resolution of the system can also be increased by increasing the number of measurements.

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Abstract

本公开提供了一种基于随机光强涨落的成像方法和系统，所述方法包括：光源（1）照射毛玻璃（2）并在所述毛玻璃（2）表面形成随机涨落光场，所述随机涨落光场照明成像目标（3）后被单像素探测器（4）收集，得到总光强；旋转N次所述毛玻璃（2），获取N个总光强值，其中N≥1；建立所述成像目标（3）的分布函数表达式，根据所述随机涨落光场、所述N个总光强值和所述分布函数表达式之间的预设关系，确定所述成像目标（3）的分布函数和位置信息；根据所述成像目标（3）的分布函数和位置信息，重建成像目标（3）的像。在无需获取随机涨落光场分布实际值的条件下，实现对成像目标的重建。

Description

一种基于随机光强涨落的成像方法和系统 技术领域
本公开涉及一种基于随机光强涨落的成像方法和系统。
背景技术
通过对光场强度涨落进行关联运算所获得的成像，被称之为关联成像，关联成像因其突破经典光学系统衍射极限的理论优势，成为国内外研究热点。
传统双臂强度关联成像方案采用如图1所示的激光器1a照射旋转的毛玻璃2a，产生光强随机涨落的赝热光，经过分光镜3a分光后，信号光照明成像目标5a，携带成像目标信息的信号光被单像素探测器6a接收，参考光经过分光后被面阵探测器4a接收。采用单像素探测器6a与面阵探测器4a的关联结果重建成像目标的图像。该系统图像成像及图像重建速度较慢。由于方案中采用的面阵探测器4a的工作原理决定了每一帧图像都需要足够的积分时间、读出时间，并且后续的模拟处理电路和数据采集电路会花费更多时间。目前，面阵探测器的采样频率大多处于MHz水平，并且像素越多每帧图像采集所需时间越长。同时成像系统分辨率受制于面阵探测器4a像素单元尺寸的限制。
随后在双臂强度关联成像方案基础上发展的计算鬼成像方案，如图2所示，其采用激光器1b照射微透镜阵列或者投影装置7b，产生光强涨落已知的赝热光照明成像目标5b，携带成像目标信息的信号光被单像素探测器6b接收，将单像素探测器6b接收的总光强信息与已知的赝热光场信息做关联重建成像目标的图像。该系统中需要引入数字微透镜阵列或者投影系统等复杂的光学模块，用于产生随机涨落的光场分布。数字微透镜阵列的像素单元为10μm左右，光场经过传输后分辨率相对较低，因此该方案目前仅能用于遥感、建筑物或日常宏观物体的成像。
目前的关联成像方法的图像重建均基于参考光与信号光的强度相 关，各种改进都是针对参考光信号，即随机涨落光场的获取而来，并且对于产生已知随机涨落光场信息需要加入繁琐的光学模块，系统的分辨率也容易受到面阵探测器像素单元尺寸的限制或者数字微透镜阵列传输的影响，使得分辨率较低。
发明内容
本公开的一个方面提供了一种基于随机光强涨落的成像方法，所述方法包括：步骤S1，光源照射毛玻璃并在所述毛玻璃表面形成随机涨落光场，所述随机涨落光场照明成像目标后被单像素探测器收集，得到总光强；步骤S2，旋转N次所述毛玻璃，并重复步骤S1获取N个总光强值，其中N≥1；步骤S3，建立所述成像目标的分布函数表达式，根据所述随机涨落光场、所述N个总光强值和所述分布函数表达式之间的预设关系，确定所述成像目标的分布函数和位置信息；步骤S4，根据所述成像目标的分布函数和位置信息，重建成像目标的像。
可选地，所述成像目标的分布函数表达式包括指数函数、傅里叶函数、三角函数、多项式、高斯函数或威布尔函数，所述分布函数表达式为M维K阶函数，其中M≥1；K≥1。
可选地，所述成像目标的分布函数表达式为二维一阶高斯函数，
所述分布函数t(x，y)表达式为：
Figure PCTCN2019078183-appb-000001
其中，x 0，y 0为所述成像目标的位置信息；a、b、c为二维一阶高斯函数的数学参数。
可选地，所述预设关系通过下列表达式进行表示：
f(x，y)×t(x，y)＝I i            (2)
其中，f(x，y)为随机涨落光场分布，t(x，y)为成像目标的分布函数，I i为总光强，i＝0～N。
可选地，所述根据所述随机涨落光场、所述N个总光强值和所述分布函数表达式之间的预设关系，确定所述成像目标的分布函数和位置信息，包括：
根据所述预设关系，获取N+1个联立方程组；
根据所述N+1个联立方程组，确定所述成像目标的分布函数中数学参数a、b、c的值，和位置信息x 0，y 0的值。
可选地，所述成像目标尺寸为微米及以下。
本公开的另一个方面提供了一种基于随机光强涨落的成像系统，所述系统包括：光源、毛玻璃、成像目标和单像素探测器；其中，光源照射毛玻璃并在所述毛玻璃表面形成随机涨落光场，所述随机涨落光场照明成像目标后被单像素探测器收集，得到总光强，所述总光强用于重建成像目标的像。
可选地，所述成像系统还包括数据处理模块，所述数据处理模块用于根据所述总光强的值重建成像目标的像。
可选地，所述数据处理模块用于通过旋转N次所述毛玻璃，获取N个总光强值，其中N≥1；建立所述成像目标的分布函数表达式，根据所述随机涨落光场、所述N个总光强值和所述分布函数表达式之间的预设关系，确定所述成像目标的分布函数和位置信息；根据所述成像目标的分布函数和位置信息，重建成像目标的像。
可选地，所述成像目标的分布函数表达式为二维一阶高斯函数，
所述分布函数t(x，y)表达式为：
Figure PCTCN2019078183-appb-000002
其中，x 0，y 0为所述成像目标的位置信息；a、b、c为二维一阶高斯函数的数学参数；
所述预设关系通过下列表达式进行表示：
f(x，y)×t(x，y)＝I i            (2)
其中，f(x，y)为随机涨落光场分布，t(x，y)为成像目标的分布函数，I i为总光强，i＝0～N。
附图说明
图1示意性示出了现有技术提供的传统双臂强度关联成像系统的结构示意图；
图2示意性示出了现有技术提供的计算鬼成像系统的结构示意图；
图3示意性示出了本公开实施例提供的基于随机光强涨落的成像方法的方法流程图；
图4示意性示出了本公开实施例提供的基于随机光强涨落的成像系统的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
以下，将参照附图来描述本公开的实施例。但是应该理解，这些描述只是示例性的，而并非要限制本公开的范围。在下面的详细描述中，为便于解释，阐述了许多具体的细节以提供对本公开实施例的全面理解。然而，明显地，一个或多个实施例在没有这些具体细节的情况下也可以被实施。此外，在以下说明中，省略了对公知结构和技术的描述，以避免不必要地混淆本公开的概念。
在此使用的术语仅仅是为了描述具体实施例，而并非意在限制本公开。在此使用的术语“包括”、“包含”等表明了所述特征、步骤、操作和/或部件的存在，但是并不排除存在或添加一个或多个其他特征、步骤、操作或部件。
本公开的一个实施例提供了一种基于随机光强涨落的成像方法，参见图3和图4，所述方法包括步骤S1～步骤S4的内容：
步骤S1，光源1照射毛玻璃2并在所述毛玻璃2表面形成随机涨落光场，所述随机涨落光场照明成像目标3后被单像素探测器4收集，得到总光强I 0。
步骤S2，旋转N次所述毛玻璃2，并重复步骤S1获取N个总光强值，其中N≥1。即每旋转一次毛玻璃2，改变毛玻璃2的位置，会在所述毛玻璃2表面形成不同的随机涨落光场，由此通过单像素探测器4收 集的总光强也会相应地发生变化，从而在旋转N次毛玻璃2后会得到N个总光强值，I 1 I 2 I 3 I 4…I N。
步骤S3，建立所述成像目标3的分布函数表达式，根据所述随机涨落光场、所述N个总光强值和所述分布函数表达式之间的预设关系，确定所述成像目标3的分布函数和位置信息。
其中，所述成像目标3的分布函数表达式包括指数函数、傅里叶函数、三角函数、多项式、高斯函数或威布尔函数，所述分布函数表达式为M维K阶函数，其中M≥1；K≥1。
优选地，所述成像目标3的分布函数表达式为二维一阶高斯函数，所述分布函数t(x，y)表达式为：
Figure PCTCN2019078183-appb-000003
其中，x 0，y 0为所述成像目标3的位置信息；a、b、c为二维一阶高斯函数的数学参数。
另外，所述预设关系通过下列表达式进行表示：
f(x，y)×t(x，y)＝I i           (2)
其中，f(x，y)为随机涨落光场分布，t(x，y)为成像目标3的分布函数，I i为总光强，i＝0～N。
由此，上文中所述根据所述随机涨落光场、所述N个总光强值和所述分布函数表达式之间的预设关系，确定所述成像目标3的分布函数和位置信息，包括：
根据所述预设关系，获取N+1个联立方程组；由于毛玻璃每旋转到一个位置即可得到一组方程组，当毛玻璃旋转N次，即可得到N个方程组。再结合第一次未旋转毛玻璃时的一个方程，得到N+1个联立方程组。
根据所述N+1个联立方程组，确定所述成像目标3的分布函数中数学参数a、b、c的值，和位置信息x 0，y 0的值。由于所有的随机涨落光场分布f(x，y)均由同一块毛玻璃产生，因此在一次一次的旋转过程中毛玻璃产生的随机场虽然不同，但是会表现出一定的规律性，在对N+1个联立方程组进行求解时，不需要确切的知道随机涨落光场分布f(x，y)的实际数值，可以通过对随机涨落光场分布f(x，y)的值进行预测，当测量 数据(即总光强)足够多时预测的准确性也会越来越高，使得求解的残差越来越小，这是一个逐渐逼近真值的过程。从而可以确定所述成像目标3的分布函数中数学参数a、b、c的值，和位置信息x 0，y 0的值，也可以通过测量次数的增加保证系统的分辨率增加。
优选地，所述成像目标3尺寸为微米及以下。
步骤S4，根据所述成像目标3的分布函数和位置信息，重建成像目标3的像。
综上所述，本公开通过光源、毛玻璃、成像目标和单像素探测器这些简单、紧凑的元件即可实现对成像目标的重建，在无需获取随机涨落光场分布实际值的条件下，仅通过构造成像目标的分布函数，测量多个总光强的值，以及根据该分布函数与多个总光强的值和随机涨落光场分布之间的数学关系，即可实现对成像目标的重建。避免了现有技术中需要引入数字微透镜阵列或者投影系统等复杂的光学模块的问题，也解决了现有技术中需要取得涨落光场分布实际值才能对成像目标的重建的问题。
下面，为了进一步说明本公开实施例的具体方案，对上述方法进行举例说明：
假设成像目标是硅片上的一个颗粒，采用二维一阶高斯函数t(x，y)描述该颗粒的分布函数，
Figure PCTCN2019078183-appb-000004
其中，x 0，y 0为所述成像目标(3)的位置信息；a、b、c为二维一阶高斯函数的数学参数。
由于毛玻璃产生的随机涨落光场分布f(x，y)与成像目标分布函数t(x，y)之间的关系的乘积等于单像素探测器测量到的总光强I，
即第一次未旋转毛玻璃时，单像素探测器测量到的总光强为I 0时，得到方程：
Figure PCTCN2019078183-appb-000005
将毛玻璃旋转到一个位置1上时，单像素探测器测量到的总光强为I 1时，得到方程：
Figure PCTCN2019078183-appb-000006
将毛玻璃旋转到一个位置2上时，单像素探测器测量到的总光强为I 1时，得到方程：
Figure PCTCN2019078183-appb-000007
重复该过程，将毛玻璃旋转到一个位置N上时，单像素探测器测量到的总光强为I 1时，得到方程：
Figure PCTCN2019078183-appb-000008
由此，一共得到N+1个联立方程组，其中I 0、I 1、I 2、…I N的值为测量值。
然后，根据该N+1个联立方程组，确定所述成像目标的分布函数中数学参数a、b、c的值，和位置信息x 0，y 0的值。由于所有的随机涨落光场分布f(x，y)均由同一块毛玻璃产生，因此在一次一次的旋转过程中毛玻璃产生的随机场虽然不同，但是会表现出一定的规律性，在对N+1个联立方程组进行求解时，不需要确切的知道随机涨落光场分布f(x，y)的实际数值，可以通过对随机涨落光场分布f(x，y)的值进行预测，当测量数据(即总光强)足够多时预测的准确性也会越来越高，使得求解的残差越来越小，这是一个逐渐逼近真值的过程。从而可以确定所述成像目标的分布函数中数学参数a、b、c的值，和位置信息x 0，y 0的值，也可以通过测量次数的增加保证系统的分辨率增加。
本公开的另一个实施例提供了一种基于随机光强涨落的成像系统，参见图4，所述系统包括：光源1、毛玻璃2、成像目标3和单像素探测器4；
其中，光源1照射毛玻璃2并在所述毛玻璃2表面形成随机涨落光场，所述随机涨落光场照明成像目标3后被单像素探测器4收集，得到总光强，所述总光强用于重建成像目标3的像。
所述成像系统还包括数据处理模块，所述数据处理模块用于根据所述总光强的值重建成像目标3的像。该数据处理模块可以为与单像素探测器4连接的计算机终端。
具体地，所述数据处理模块用于通过旋转N次所述毛玻璃2，获取N个总光强值，其中N≥1；建立所述成像目标3的分布函数表达式，根据所述随机涨落光场、所述N个总光强值和所述分布函数表达式之间的 预设关系，确定所述成像目标3的分布函数和位置信息；根据所述成像目标3的分布函数和位置信息，重建成像目标3的像。
其中，所述成像目标3的分布函数表达式为二维一阶高斯函数，
所述分布函数t(x，y)表达式为：
Figure PCTCN2019078183-appb-000009
其中，x 0，y 0为所述成像目标(3)的位置信息；a、b、c为二维一阶高斯函数的数学参数；
所述预设关系通过下列表达式进行表示：
f(x，y)×t(x，y)＝I i              (2)
其中，f(x，y)为随机涨落光场分布，t(x，y)为成像目标(3)的分布函数，I i为总光强，i＝0～N。
根据所述预设关系，获取N+1个联立方程组；由于毛玻璃每旋转到一个位置即可得到一组方程组，当毛玻璃旋转N次，即可得到N个方程组。再结合第一次未旋转毛玻璃时的一个方程，得到N+1个联立方程组。
根据所述N+1个联立方程组，确定所述成像目标3的分布函数中数学参数a、b、c的值，和位置信息x 0，y 0的值。由于所有的随机涨落光场分布f(x，y)均由同一块毛玻璃产生，因此在一次一次的旋转过程中毛玻璃产生的随机场虽然不同，但是会表现出一定的规律性，在对N+1个联立方程组进行求解时，不需要确切的知道随机涨落光场分布f(x，y)的实际数值，可以通过对随机涨落光场分布f(x，y)的值进行预测，当测量数据(即总光强)足够多时预测的准确性也会越来越高，使得求解的残差越来越小，这是一个逐渐逼近真值的过程。从而可以确定所述成像目标3的分布函数中数学参数a、b、c的值，和位置信息x 0，y 0的值，也可以通过测量次数的增加保证系统的分辨率增加。
本领域技术人员可以理解，本公开的各个实施例和/或权利要求中记载的特征可以进行多种组合或/或结合，即使这样的组合或结合没有明确记载于本公开中。特别地，在不脱离本公开精神和教导的情况下，本公开的各个实施例和/或权利要求中记载的特征可以进行多种组合和/或结合。所有这些组合和/或结合均落入本公开的范围。
尽管已经参照本公开的特定示例性实施例示出并描述了本公开，但是本领域技术人员应该理解，在不背离所附权利要求及其等同物限定的本公开的精神和范围的情况下，可以对本公开进行形式和细节上的多种改变。因此，本公开的范围不应该限于上述实施例，而是应该不仅由所附权利要求来进行确定，还由所附权利要求的等同物来进行限定。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种基于随机光强涨落的成像方法，其特征在于，所述方法包括：
    步骤S1，光源(1)照射毛玻璃(2)并在所述毛玻璃(2)表面形成随机涨落光场，所述随机涨落光场照明成像目标(3)后被单像素探测器(4)收集，得到总光强；
    步骤S2，旋转N次所述毛玻璃(2)，并重复步骤S1获取N个总光强值，其中N≥1；
    步骤S3，建立所述成像目标(3)的分布函数表达式，根据所述随机涨落光场、所述N个总光强值和所述分布函数表达式之间的预设关系，确定所述成像目标(3)的分布函数和位置信息；
    步骤S4，根据所述成像目标(3)的分布函数和位置信息，重建成像目标(3)的像。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述成像目标(3)的分布函数表达式包括指数函数、傅里叶函数、三角函数、多项式、高斯函数或威布尔函数，所述分布函数表达式为M维K阶函数，其中M≥1；K≥1。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于，所述成像目标(3)的分布函数表达式为二维一阶高斯函数，
    所述分布函数t(x，y)表达式为：
    Figure PCTCN2019078183-appb-100001
    其中，x 0，y 0为所述成像目标(3)的位置信息；a、b、c为二维一阶高斯函数的数学参数。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述预设关系通过下列表达式进行表示：
    f(x，y)×t(x，y)＝I i  (2)
    其中，f(x，y)为随机涨落光场分布，t(x，y)为成像目标(3)的分布函数，I i为总光强，i＝0～N。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的方法，其特征在于，所述根据所述随机涨落光场、所述N个总光强值和所述分布函数表达式之间的预设关系，确定所述成像目标(3)的分布函数和位置信息，包括：
    根据所述预设关系，获取N+1个联立方程组；
    根据所述N+1个联立方程组，确定所述成像目标(3)的分布函数中数学参数a、b、c的值，和位置信息x 0，y 0的值。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述成像目标(3)尺寸为微米及以下。
  7. 一种基于随机光强涨落的成像系统，其特征在于，所述系统包括：
    光源(1)、毛玻璃(2)、成像目标(3)和单像素探测器(4)；
    其中，光源(1)照射毛玻璃(2)并在所述毛玻璃(2)表面形成随机涨落光场，所述随机涨落光场照明成像目标(3)后被单像素探测器(4)收集，得到总光强，所述总光强用于重建成像目标(3)的像。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的系统，其特征在于，所述成像系统还包括数据处理模块，所述数据处理模块用于根据所述总光强的值重建成像目标(3)的像。
  9. 根据权利要求7所述的系统，其特征在于，所述数据处理模块用于通过旋转N次所述毛玻璃(2)，获取N个总光强值，其中N≥1；建立所述成像目标(3)的分布函数表达式，根据所述随机涨落光场、所述N个总光强值和所述分布函数表达式之间的预设关系，确定所述成像目标(3)的分布函数和位置信息；根据所述成像目标(3)的分布函数和位置信息，重建成像目标(3)的像。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的系统，其特征在于，所述成像目标(3)的分布函数表达式为二维一阶高斯函数，
    所述分布函数t(x，y)表达式为：
    Figure PCTCN2019078183-appb-100002
    其中，x 0，y 0为所述成像目标(3)的位置信息；a、b、c为二维一阶高斯函数的数学参数；
    所述预设关系通过下列表达式进行表示：
    f(x，y)×t(x，y)＝I i  (2)
    其中，f(x，y)为随机涨落光场分布，t(x，y)为成像目标(3)的分布函数，I i为总光强，i＝0～N。
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US20060055936A1 (en) * 2004-09-10 2006-03-16 The General Hospital Corporation System and method for optical coherence imaging
CN103777206A (zh) * 2014-01-26 2014-05-07 上海交通大学 一种基于偏振关联成像的单像素成像系统

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20060055936A1 (en) * 2004-09-10 2006-03-16 The General Hospital Corporation System and method for optical coherence imaging
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