WO2020170027A1

WO2020170027A1 - Apparatus and method for monitoring and compensating for block rechargeable batteries

Info

Publication number: WO2020170027A1
Application number: PCT/IB2020/000034
Authority: WO
Inventors: Vladimir N. GORYUNOV; Yuri A. SIZOV
Original assignee: Goryunov Vladimir N; Sizov Yuri A
Priority date: 2019-02-20
Filing date: 2020-02-18
Publication date: 2020-08-27
Also published as: EP3928410A1

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of electrical engineering, specifically to the method for automatically monitoring and compensating for the state of charge of a parallel-series connection of the block rechargeable batteries. The rechargeable battery temperature and the ambient temperature are monitored within the hermetic body of the rechargeable battery block by means of temperature sensors which are arranged on each rechargeable battery and by means of temperature sensors which are uniformly arranged in the inner volume of the hermetic body. The parallel connection of the rechargeable batteries in the block is carried out by connecting the positive poles of each of m rechargeable batteries to the overall wire of the row by means of resistors of equally small size. By means of the commutation block of the rechargeable batteries, all rows (the starting point is the first of m parallel-connected rechargeable battery block rechargeable batteries) are connected to rails for measuring electrical data. The temperature of the rechargeable batteries is monitored by connecting, to the commutation block, all temperature sensors of odd and even rows to in each case odd and even rails for measuring the rechargeable battery temperature.

Description

Device and method for monitoring and balancing block accumulators

The invention relates to the field of electrical engineering. It can be used in devices that are intended for continuous automatic control and for balancing the state of charge of accumulators connected in parallel and in series in a block. The block is placed in a vehicle, for example in a hybrid vehicle or in an electric vehicle.

The RU 2626378 describes a device for automatic control and for balancing the state of charge of the accumulator block of the combination energy system. The device has the following elements:

- a power source in the form of a block of series-connected accumulators,

- a system of consumption and charging of block accumulators,

- a group of single-digit switch-on keys with low internal resistance,

- two busbars, whereby the positive poles of the block accumulators with odd numbers are connected to one electrical rail, and all positive poles of the block accumulators with even numbers are connected to another electrical rail,

- a microcontroller (a microcontroller) connected to a control block for voltage deviations from the standard value. It is connected by an information rail with a digital display of the ordinal numbers of the block accumulators with problems and a commutation control block. The commutation control block is arranged with a possible consequent series connection of the block accumulators on two electrical rails.

The shortcomings of the known device include the impossibility of permanent control and equalization of the state of charge of each block battery and the complexity of solving the problem of simultaneous temperature and voltage control of each battery when there is voltage in the battery of the battery block (AKB). The voltage reaches several hundred volts.

Furthermore, in US 9257729 a temperature control system of a parallel-series-connected accumulator block is described. The accumulator cells are connected horizontally in a parallel, and the resulting rows are connected in series. The vehicle contains:

a rechargeable battery AKB of the electric vehicle, which is a parallel-series cell connection. The accumulator cells are connected horizontally in a parallel, and the resulting rows are connected in series,

- a temperature control system of the AKB through temperature sensors and a temperature control system through a controller,

a control system that monitors and controls the overall functioning of various vehicle _sub- systems. This system also monitors the state of charge and the rate of discharge both during vehicle operation and when idling. The controller compares the measured voltages with each other, for example by setting a maximum permissible voltage difference.

The disadvantage of this state of the art is felt:

- the impossibility of permanent control and equalization of the state of charge of each block accumulator,

- the fragmentation of functions and problems with a simultaneous control of temperature and voltage,

- the lack of a good dielectric separation between the power-high voltage block of the accumulators (on which the voltage in the

AKB can reach several hundred volts) and the low-voltage parts of the voltage, temperature and data control.

Therefore, in the prior art, the high-voltage accumulator blocks are divided into several series-connected modules made of parallel-series accumulators. They are connected in a hermetic AKB block. This results in additional technical difficulties and a reduction in security. Based on the above prior art, the object of the invention is to: increase the safety and service life of the block of parallel-series-connected accumulators,

- expansion of functionality,

- Ensuring simultaneous balancing (equalization) with a high degree of efficiency for both overcharged and weakly charged accumulators during continuous operation in the state of charge and energy.

The object set is achieved according to the invention in particular by the features of claim 1.

The essence of the invention and its advantages can be summarized as follows: 1. It is a simultaneous temperature control of each accumulator and the

Air temperature carried out inside the hermetic battery body of the accumulators.

2. A system performs the following functions simultaneously:

control

^ A check of electrical data (voltage and internal current resistance of each accumulator in the AKB series);

Temperature control of each accumulator; ^ Air temperature control within the hermetic block body of the accumulators in the form of an absolute and average value when measuring at several points; ^ Control of the difference between the ambient temperature inside the accumulator battery body and the temperature in each AKB accumulator;

^ Detection of impermissible voltage errors in the accumulators in the event of overcharging and weak charging and display of the series number of an accumulator with problems in the voltage series and the series number of an accumulator with temperature problems in the series;

Display of the temperature distribution in the form of a graphic in the row of parallel-connected accumulators, in which there is an accumulator with problems; Temperature sensors do not need high-voltage

Dielectric insulation in relation to the battery body, because each of them is at the same voltage as the battery body (anode) whose temperature it is measuring. As a result, the sensors have high accuracy and low thermal inertia in temperature control.

Equalize

The state of charge is balanced by address and proportionally to the degree of imbalance of each accumulator, both in the case of overcharging and weak charging (according to the temperature of each AKB accumulator);

the balancing takes place by means of pulse currents with the setting value greater than one ampere with an efficiency of more than 90%.

3. A good dielectric separation between the high voltage power part and the low voltage control system is ensured. The voltage in the battery can be over a hundred volts. 4. The system is implemented from a standard element base and does not require any other original elements. This significantly reduces the cost of the device. It can be seen that the invention is implemented in any case when the device has automatic monitoring and balancing of the block accumulators, with the following being provided:

a power source in the form of a block of the parallel-to-serial accumulator link;

- a system of consumption and charging of the block accumulators;

a commutation block of the accumulators;

two rails for measuring electrical data;

a commutation control block and a microcontroller;

the microcontroller is connected to the electrical data measurement block. Through the information rail it is connected to a digital display of the block accumulators with problems of the electrical data and to the input of the commutation control block.

It is also important that

- Each accumulator of the accumulator block is supplied with a resistor of the same small size and with a temperature sensor, which are electrically connected with connections to the positive pole of each accumulator.

A parallel accumulator connection in the block is implemented for each horizontal row of accumulators through the connection (V) of the second resistor connections of the same small size in the overall connection of the row of block accumulators. The resulting rows are connected in series to form a single accumulator block. These are (m) parallel connected accumulators gates forming rows (n) after the series connection and the total number (mxn).

The accumulator block is equipped with temperature measuring sensors in the volume of the hermetic body, which are arranged evenly in its inner volume. Each of them is electrically grounded with a connector.

The accumulator block is equipped with a commutation block for the temperature sensors. It contains keys of the temperature sensors with control windings, which are arranged in the form of (m) keys of the temperature sensors connected in parallel. They form odd and even rows after the series connection with the total number m * (n + 1);

The row (n + 1) is arranged for the measurement of the ambient temperature within the hermetic body of the accumulator block.

The accumulator block supplies:

Analog switches with (m) inputs for controlling odd and even control windings of the key rows of the temperature sensors;

Rails of temperature measurement of accumulators; They connect the outputs of the connection block of the temperature sensors with inputs of the odd and even blocks of the temperature measurement of the accumulators;

Blocks for measuring the temperature of the accumulators in odd and even rows; they contain a pulse transformer with two serially connected primary windings and a secondary winding, diode blocks with capacitors;

- a measuring amplifier with two inputs and one output;

a digital indicator of a battery block with temperature problems; Displays of the temperature distribution of odd and even rows (m) of the accumulators; they reflect a hystogram of the temperature distribution in the rows in which there are accumulators with temperature problems.

A control block consists of a step-up and a step-down DC voltage converter.

A switching device consists of two switch-on keys; they are controlled by a microcontroller.

A block for measuring electrical data and for voltage equalization consists of a rectifier on a pulse transformer with a primary winding, two secondary winding and two single-digit keys in the

Rectifier chain; An AC amplifier is connected to the rectifier output.

The following is provided:

- The commutation block of the accumulators is designed with the possibility of commutation of common series connections with measuring rails for electrical data.

Odd and even key rows of the temperature sensors are connected to respective temperature sensors of odd and even rows of the block accumulators and with other connections to the measuring rails of the temperature of the accumulators corresponding to odd and even rows.

Common connections of connected odd and even key rows of the temperature sensors are connected by an odd and an even measuring bar of the temperature of the accumulators with first inputs of the odd and the even temperature measuring block.

The second input of the temperature measuring block of uneven rows of temperature sensors is connected to the measuring rail (a) for electrical data. The second input of the temperature measuring block with straight rows of temperature sensors is connected to the measuring rail (b) for electrical data.

The outputs of the temperature measuring blocks of odd and even temperature sensors are connected to the inputs of the measuring amplifier and the microcontroller.

Some connections of the control key windings of the temperature sensors are connected to the outputs of the commutation control block with a connection option. Other connections are connected to corresponding inputs of analog commutators.

Control key windings of odd and even rows of the temperature sensors are connected to the inputs of the analog commutator of odd and even rows.

The commutation control block, odd and even analog commutators, digital displays of temperature problems and problems with electrical data from block batteries, displays of the temperature distribution of odd and even rows of parallel-connected (m) accumulators after the serial connection are connected to the microcontroller by information rails. They are controlled by the microcontroller.

The control block is connected to the h connection of the commutation block of the accumulators and the microcontroller via inputs and to the switching device via outputs.

The switching device is connected to the microcontroller via inputs and to the control block and the measuring block for electrical data and voltage equalization via outputs,

Through the input, the measuring block for electrical data and voltage equalization is connected to the rails for electrical data (a) and (b), Through the output it is connected to the microcontroller and to the switching device through the input and the output.

Further features are:

Each of the temperature sensors is arranged within the body of the corresponding accumulator.

Temperature sensors are designed in the form of thermistors with a high internal resistance:

- Resistors of small size in the accumulator block (in the case of impermissible voltage deviations in accumulators with problems) are fuses. The number of temperature sensors, which are arranged evenly after the inner volume of the hermetic body of the accumulator block, corresponds to the number of accumulators in the row.

The device according to the invention ensures that the block accumulators are automatically monitored and the state of charge and the temperature of the accumulators are controlled. The accumulators are arranged in parallel in series.

With the accumulators, the commutation control block:

- The electrical data measurement block and the voltage equalization generate a voltage. The voltage is proportional to the mean value for all block accumulators. The voltage values are determined; they are proportional to the difference between the mean value in the accumulator block and the voltage of the accumulator with problems in this parameter. The accumulator temperatures are controlled by temperature sensors. In the device according to the invention it thus follows that:

The parallel connection of the accumulators in a block is carried out for each horizontal row by the union of second resistor connections of the same small size in the overall line of a row of block accumulators.

The resulting rows are connected in series to form a single accumulator block.

Through the commutation block of the accumulators, overall cables of two adjacent rows of the block accumulators are connected to two measuring bars for electrical data (a) and (b).

The temperature of the accumulators in the block and the ambient temperature within the hermetic body are controlled by temperature sensors which are arranged on each accumulator, and by temperature sensors which are arranged uniformly in the inner volume of the hermetic accumulator block.

The temperature control of each accumulator in series connected rows of the block is carried out by connecting the temperature sensors to the key connections of the rows of temperature sensors.

Through the commutation block of the temperature sensors, the connection of all temperature sensors of odd and even rows of the accumulators to odd and even measuring rails (B) and (r) of the accumulator temperature is carried out.

The connection sequence of the temperature sensors of each accumulator of the odd and the next even row is determined by simultaneous interrogation of the odd and the even analog commutator of the key control windings When the key control windings of the temperature sensors are queried by odd and even analog commutators, only those keys of the temperature sensors whose control windings are connected to the currently active outputs of the commutation control block close.

-5 The control of the series switching of the outputs of the commutation control block and the series switching of the inputs of odd and even analog commutators are carried out synchronously by the microcontroller through information rails. The clock frequency of the query of the analog commutators exceeds the query frequency of the commutation control block in proportion to the number of accumulators in the series.

Odd and even key rows of the temperature sensors are connected to the first inputs of the odd and even temperature measuring block by measuring rails for the accumulator temperature (B) and (r). The second inputs of the temperature measuring blocks of these rows of temperature sensors are each connected to measuring rails for the electrical data (a) and (6).

A voltage is generated at the outputs of the temperature measuring blocks in odd and even rows of the block accumulators. It is proportional to the temperature in all odd and even battery rows. The output voltage is transmitted to the inputs of the microcontroller and the measuring amplifier.

The measuring amplifier generates an overall signal for the temperature of odd and even rows of block accumulators and is then also transmitted to the microcontroller for processing.

5 Through the microcontroller:

a statistical signal processing on the temperature of odd and even rows of the block accumulators is carried out, and by a program a tax influence is exercised, which affects the duration of the equalization pulses in the event of an imbalance.

Furthermore, a statistical mean value and a stray field of the temperature in the controlled rows of block accumulators are determined mathematically.

-5 In addition, the average temperature is calculated and analyzed and compared with the average temperature of the odd and even rows of the block accumulators and checked for permissible deviations in the average temperatures of the environment within the specified limits.

The microcontroller shows the number of an accumulator with temperature problems on the digital display, in the event of an impermissible temperature difference in every odd and even accumulator row.

At the same time, the temperature distribution indicators of odd and even rows of accumulators are displayed by the microcontroller hystograms of the temperature distribution in odd and even rows which contain accumulators 15 with temperature problems.

The control block ensures the amplitude control of the compensation voltage in the event of overcharging and weak charging in relation to the current flowing through the charging system.

By means of the switching device according to the invention, the equalizing current supply is carried out in the event of overcharging with one key and in the event of weak charging with another key for a period of time which is proportional to the imbalance value and the temperature.

The unbalance voltage is measured by the measurement and voltage compensation block, and the voltage compensation pulse is generated with a duration that is proportional to the unbalance and temperature amplitude. The amplitude is proportional to the power consumption with a consequent serial query of the block accumulators; The serial number of a number of block accumulators with problems of electrical data and the type of fault (overcharge and weak charge) are displayed on the digital display of electrical data.

At the same time, the temperature distribution in all Blockak accumulators with problems of electrical data of the series is displayed on corresponding displays of the temperature distribution 5 of the odd and even rows.

Further measures of the invention are:

When the voltage equalization is pulsed in a row of accumulators 10, the greatest electrical impulse energy appears on the accumulator with problems of imbalance.

The same electrical voltage is applied to every accumulator and every sensor that measures its temperature.

The last row of the temperature sensors, which is arranged within the hermetic body of the accumulator block, measures the average ambient temperature within the accumulator body.

An embodiment of the invention is shown schematically in the drawing. Show it:

0

Fig. 1 is a block diagram of the device for continuous automatic monitoring and balancing of the block accumulators ren,

Fig. 2 oscillograms for checking electrical data and temperature control 5,

Fig. 3 oscillograms for balancing electrical data in over charge and weak charge. The device of the present invention includes:

a power source in the form of a block (m) of parallel-connected accumulators 1 (AKB) arranged in a hermetic body. They form the rows of the series connection with the total number (m * n) ^* . To the positive pole of each battery

5 mulators are electrically connected through some terminals a resistor of small size and a temperature sensor (z. B. a thermoresistor with a large internal resistance);

in the following after the text: m accumulators 1 (AKB, which form rows);

Temperature sensors that are uniform in the inner volume of the hermetic

10 accumulator body are arranged and control its ambient temperature;

^ a consumption and charging system 2 (VLS) AKB in operation;

^ The AKB has a connection from the h series for the connection with the control block 21 (SB) to compensate for overloaded and weakly charged

15 AKB accumulators balancing the state of charge in relation to the current flowing through 2 (VLB);

The commutation block of the accumulators 3 (KBA) contains:

n + 1 single-digit switch-on key with low internal resistance (hereinafter in the text: key with low internal resistance) and with control windings. 0 They are connected in pairs to the electrical data measuring rails 4 (a), 5 (b), n series-connected battery rows. The key control windings with low internal resistance are connected to the corresponding outputs of the commutation control block 7 (KSB) through some connections.

Each row of the AKB accumulators is connected to the second small-sized resistor connections in an overall cable of an accumulator row. ^ a measuring bar for electrical data 4 (a), to which all cables of the series-connected rows of AKB accumulators with odd numbers are connected;

^ a measuring bar for electrical data 5 (6), to which all wires of the series 5 connected rows of AKB accumulators with even numbers are connected;

^ The commutation block of the temperature sensors 6 (KBTS) contains a single-digit switch-on key for the temperature sensors (referred to below as the temperature sensor key) with control windings. They are arranged in the form of 0 (m) parallel-connected keys of the temperature sensors, which form odd and even rows of the series connection with a total number mx (n + 1) ^{* '} ;

^* * named in the following text: key of the temperature sensors with control windings that form odd and even rows;

5 · n + 1 row is arranged for the measurement of the ambient temperature inside the hermetic accumulator body.

• All temperature sensors which measure the temperature of the accumulators of odd and even AKB rows are connected to the measuring rails 10 (B) and 1 1 (r) of the temperature of the accumulators by odd and even key rows of the temperature sensors.

• In each key row of the temperature sensors, some connections are connected in the overall cable. All odd rows are connected to the measuring bar of the temperature of the accumulators 10 (B). All even rows are connected to the measuring bar of the temperature of the accumulators 11 (r) .5 The keys of the temperature sensors are connected to the other connections of the temperature sensors, which are arranged in accumulators of every odd and even row through the other connections. • The other connections of the control windings of odd and even keys of the temperature sensors are connected to the inputs of the odd and even analog commutators 8 (AK _U ) and 9 (AK _g ).

The commutation control block 7 (KSB) is a double demultiplexer for 5 (n) outputs each. They are correspondingly connected to one another with a total number of outputs of n + 1 for controller 3 (KBA) and doubled by the demultiplexor for (n) outputs for controller 6 (KBTS).

^ an analog commutator 8 (K _u ) of the control windings of odd key rows of temperature sensors with (m) inputs;

rtf an analog commutator 9 (K _g ) of the control windings of even key rows of the temperature sensors with (m) inputs;

The measuring bar for the temperature of the accumulators 10 (B) is connected to the overall connections of the key rows of the temperature sensors of the commutation block of the temperature sensors of only odd AKB rows.

f $ The measuring bar for the temperature of the accumulators 11 (r) is connected to the overall connections of the key rows of the temperature sensors of the commutation block of the temperature sensors of even AKB rows.

<a microcontroller 12;

^ The temperature measuring block 13 (TMBu) of every uneven row of the AKB-20 accumulators has: a pulse transformer with two series connected primary windings and a secondary winding, a diode block with capacitors.

^ The temperature measuring block 14 (TMB _g ) of every uneven row of the AKB accumulators has: a pulse transformer with two series-connected primary windings and a secondary winding, a diode block with capacitors;

4 a measuring amplifier 15 (MV) with two inputs and one output; ^ a digital display 16 (DAt) of an AKB accumulator with temperature problems;

The display 17 (Dtu) of the temperature distribution of uneven rows of the AKB accumulators shows an accumulator with temperature problems.

5 The display 18 (Dt _g ) of the temperature distribution of even rows of the accumulators shows an accumulator with temperature problems.

◄ The control block 19 (SB) consists of a step-up and a step-down DC / DC voltage converter (converter). It ensures the change in size of the compensation voltage in the event of overcharging and weak charging (proportional to the current flowing through block 2 (VLB)).

◄ The switching device 20 (SV) consists of two (switch-on?) Keys K1 and

K2. They are controlled by the microcontroller 12 (MK). It ensures that the equalizing voltage is applied for a certain period of time, depending on the state of overcharging and undercharging of the accumulator. 5 The measuring block 21 (MBA) of electrical data and the voltage equalization consists of a rectifier on a pulse transformer with a primary winding, two secondary windings and two single-digit keys in the rectification chain. An AC amplifier is connected to the rectifier output.

t a digital display of electrical data 22 (DA _e ) of the serial number of the AKB accumulators with problems of electrical data.

The present device works as follows:

5 Work sequence for checking and temperature equalization of the AKB accumulators After the signal of the microcontroller 12 (MK) (it is sent to the input of the address commutation of the double demultiplexer of the commutation control block 7 (KSB) with the number of outputs n + 1) the first odd row of m AKB accumulators is passed through the the first and the second key with low internal resistance of the commutation block 3 (KBA) are connected to the measuring rails for electrical data 4 (a) and 5 (6). At the same time, the temperature sensors of odd and even rows of the accumulators are connected to the measuring rails of the temperature of the accumulators 10 (e) and 1 1 (a) by the key of the temperature sensors.

During the closing time of the first and second key with low internal resistance of the commutation block 3 (KBA), the odd and even analog commutator 8 (K _u ) and 9 (K _g ) should query all temperature sensors of odd and even rows of the AKB batteries accordingly.

When the keys of the temperature sensors are commutated, the current direction through the temperature sensors is positive for odd rows and negative for even rows. A positive voltage is supplied to the temperature sensors of uneven rows of (m) accumulators on the measuring rails for electrical data 4 (a) and 5 (6). A negative voltage is supplied from (m) accumulators to the temperature sensors in even rows. The supply voltage is supplied to the control windings of the keys of the temperature sensors of the commutation block 6 (KBTS) only from the first and second outputs of the commutation control block 7 (KSB). The voltage from the control windings is the key to the temperature sensor Ren of the first odd and even row of the commutation block 6 (KBTS) corresponding to the inputs of the odd and even analog commutators 8 (K _u ) and 9 (K _g ). Next (with the frequency that the interrogation frequency of the commutation block 7 (KSB) exceeds by m times, from the odd and even analog commutators 8 (K _u ) and 9 (K _g ) through the key of the temperature sensors) the temperature sensors (they measure the temperature of two adjacent odd and even rows of AKB accumulators) are queried synchronously.

The voltage from the temperature sensors of odd and even rows of the AKB accumulators comes through the measuring rails of the temperature of the accumulators 10 (B) n 1 1 (r) to inputs of odd and even temperature measuring blocks 13 (TMB _U ) and 14 (TMB _g ) . A voltage is generated at their outputs. It is proportional to the temperature of each AKB accumulator in odd and even rows.

The voltage from each of the odd and even temperature measuring blocks 13 (TMBu) and 14 (TMB _g ) is transmitted to the microcontroller 12 (MK) and to the inputs of the measuring amplifier 15 (MV) for processing.

At the output of the measuring amplifier 15 (MV), a total signal for the temperature of odd and even rows of AKB accumulators is formed. This overall signal is then also transmitted to the microcontroller 12 (MK) for processing. The above-described measuring sequence of the accumulator temperature is repeated when connecting every next row of m parallel-connected AKB accumulators to the electrical data rails 4 (a) and 5 (b). When all temperature sensors of the AKB accumulators are queried, the serial number of the AKB accumulator with temperature problems is displayed on the digital display 16 (DAt). On the displays 17 (Dtu) and 18 (Dt _g ) the temperature distribution of odd and even rows of the m AKB accumulators is shown which have an accumulator with temperature problems.

Work sequence for checking the electrical data of the AKB accumulators

In the case of a series pair query with a low internal resistance of block 3 (KBA), a positive and negative voltage of rectangular shape and with the amplitude are alternated by commutation control block 7 (KSB) on the measuring rails for electrical data 4 (a) and 5 (b) which is proportional to the voltage on each of the AKB accumulators (see Fig. 2). The voltage reaches the inputs of block 21 (MBA). In block 21 (MBA) an average value of the voltage in all accumulator torreihen is formed. If the amplitude of the detuning voltage differs from the average value in each of the accumulator rows at the output of this block, a voltage pulse appears, the amplitude of which is proportional to the size of the detuning voltage of the row. The positive pulse value of the detuning voltage corresponds to the overcharging and the negative value to the undercharging of a controlled row of AKB batteries. When processing the signal in the microcontroller 12 (MK), the sign (plus and minus) of the input pulse of the detuning voltage is taken into account, since the positive voltage pulses correspond to overcharging and the negative to the weak charge of the AKB accumulators. Accordingly, the control signals from the microcontroller 12 (MK) that come to the input of the switching device 20 (SV) close a switch-on key Ki when the detuning voltage has a positive input pulse. In the event of a negative input pulse from the detuning voltage, they lock a switch-on key K2 for a time that is proportional to the imbalance and temperature. When exceeding the voltage deviation from the average in the accumulators with problems of permissible limits, the microcontroller 12 (MK) are presented on the digital indicator electrical data 22 (DA _e) Rei hennummer the AKB accumulators with problems of electrical data, and the type of fault (overcharging and Weak charge).

In this way, all measurement information for temperature control and control of electrical data from the AKB accumulators is sent to the microcontroller 12 (MK). The results are processed there and the software processing (conversion?) Into control signals and visual display in the external external devices is implemented.

The proposed method is implemented as follows:

A temperature sensor and a resistor of the same small size are arranged within the hermetic body in each AKB accumulator. One end is connected to the accumulator anode for checking and balancing the state of charge. AKB accumulators connected in parallel in series are connected. A parallel connection of the accumulators in the AKB for each horizontal accumulator row is realized by connecting the second resistor connections of the same small size to the total rows. They are connected in series to a single accumulator block through the electrical anode connections of all accumulators of the previous row of cathodes of the next row.

To check the state of charge of the accumulator rows in AKB, the commutation block of the accumulators 3 (KBA) connects the total cables of two adjacent accumulator rows (one starts with the first) to the measuring rails 4 (a) and 5 (b) of electrical data.

The accumulator temperature is controlled by temperature sensors which are arranged in each accumulator. The ambient temperature inside the hermetic accumulator body is measured with temperature sensors which are arranged uniformly in the inner volume of the hermetic body of the AKB accumulators.

To control the temperature of each accumulator, the keys of the temperature sensors with control windings are arranged in the commutation block of the temperature sensors 6 (KBTS). The temperature control of each accumulator is carried out by connecting the temperature sensors to the key connections of the rows of temperature sensors of the commutation block of the temperature sensors 6 (KBTS). Through the commutation block of the temperature sensors 6 (KBTS) a series connection of all temperature sensors of odd and even rows of the AKB accumulators is carried out accordingly to odd and even measuring rails 10 (B) and 1 1 (r) of the accumulator temperature. The connection sequence of the temperature sensors of each accumulator of the odd and the next even row is carried out by simultaneous querying of odd and even analog commutators 8 (AK _U ) and 9 (AK _g ) of the control windings of the key of the temperature sensors of the commutation block of the temperature sensors 6 (KBTS) .

When querying the control windings of the temperature sensor keys of odd 8 (AK _U ) and even 9 (AK _g ) analog commutators, only the keys of the temperature sensors whose control windings are connected to the currently active outputs of commutation control block 7 (KSB) are locked.

The serial connection of the outputs of the commutation control block 7 (KSB) and the serial connection of the inputs of odd 8 (AK _U ) and even 9 (AK _g ) analog commutators are controlled synchronously by microcontroller 12 (MK) through information rails.

The clock frequency of the query of odd 8 (AK _U ) and even 9 (AK _g ) analog commutators exceeds the query frequency of commutation control block 7 (KSB) in proportion to the number of accumulators in the series.

At the outputs of the temperature measuring blocks 13 (TMB _U ) and 14 (TMB _g ) of uneven and even accumulators, a voltage is generated which is proportional to the temperature in all odd and even AKB accumulator rows. It is transmitted to the microcontroller 12 (MK) for processing. The output voltage is transmitted to the inputs of the microcontroller 12 (MK) and the measuring amplifier 15 (MV). A total signal for the temperature of odd and even AKB accumulator rows is generated at its output and then also transmitted to the microcontroller 12 (MK) for processing.

The microcontroller 12 (MK) realizes:

Signals about the temperature of odd and even rows of the block accumulators are processed statistically, and a program control effect is achieved which affects the permanent change in the impulses of the equalization in the event of the imbalance.

A mathematical expectation and the stray field of the temperature in the controlled rows of block accumulators are determined.

The permissible temperature difference between odd and even AKB accumulator rows is evaluated to check the specified limits of permissible differences in average temperatures.

The average temperature is calculated and analyzed for the last row, which is arranged inside the hermetic AKB accumulator body to measure the ambient temperature.

A comparison is made with the average temperature of odd and even rows of AKB accumulators according to the specified limits of permissible differences between the average temperatures of the environment and the accumulators in order to maintain comfortable operating conditions of the AKB accumulators.

- The oscillation voltage is converted in the time interval. She is the one

Imbalance proportional to electrical data.

The analog signal from the temperature sensors is converted in the time interval. The general time interval of the control is formed by the information processing of electrical data and temperatures.

The microcontroller 12 (MK) shows on the digital display 16 (DAt) the number of the accumulator with temperature problems in the case of an impermissible temperature difference in every odd and even accumulator row.

At the same time, the temperature distribution displays of odd 17 (D _t u) and even 18 (Dt _g ) rows of the AKB accumulators show the hystograms of the temperature distribution in odd and even rows that contain accumulators with temperature problems.

A signal from the current sensor of block 2 (VLB) reaches the microcontroller 12 (MK). There it is converted into a high-frequency pulse width control signal and sent to the control block 19 (SB). Here, based on the voltage change of the DC / DC converter with respect to the voltage of the h connection of block 1 (BA), the voltage level of the equalization is controlled.

The control of the pulse duration of the equalization is carried out by the switching device 20 (SV) as follows:

- By a switch-on key Ki, the voltage of the balancing is applied from block 21 (MBA) to block 19 (SB), in which an overload occurs in the control of 12 (MK) on time, which of the unbalance variable with regard to parameters (U, R _B H.) And the temperature is proportional.

Another switch-on key Ki applies the voltage of the equalization from block 19 (SB) to block 21 (MBA), in which a weak charge in the control of 12 (MK) takes place over time, taking into account the imbalance variable on parameters (U, R BH,) and proportional to the temperature. At the input of the microcontroller 12 (MK), a differential voltage is applied in the form of measuring pulses of the deviation from the average value, positive in case of overcharging and negative in case of undercharging of the accumulators. The microcontroller 12 (MK) converts the amplitudes of the measurement pulses of the detuning voltage into control signals in accordance with the program. The duration for this is proportional to the amplitude of the input pulses of the detuning voltage and the temperature. By the microcontroller 12 (MK) a control signal is formed on the address equalization of the battery voltage, with the accuracy up to battery mulators with problems of electrical data and with the amplitude that is proportional to the current flowing through 2 (VLB) in one Accumulator series with the help of the compensation devices of the overcharge and the low charge of the control block 19 (SB) of each accumulator flows.

A control signal in the form of a pulse comes to block 21 (SB), which is regulated according to the duration by electrical data (U and RBH), the temperature and according to the amplitude by the consumption-charging current.

The voltage is applied to the primary winding of the pulse transformer of block 21 (MBA) in the form of rectangular voltage pulses from the electrical data measuring rails 4 (a) and 5 (b). The voltage equalization at the output of block 21 (MBA) is carried out using two single-digit keys in the equalization chain. They are controlled by the microcontroller 12 (MK).

The output of block 21 (MBA) is a voltage that contains a constant component. It is the average value of the tension in all bio- ckaccumulators proportional and equal to the voltage size of the h-connection of block 1 (AB). This voltage also contains an alternating component in the form of rectangular pulses of the deviation from the average value. On the digital display of electrical data 22 (DA _e ), a row number of the AKB accumulators with problems of electrical data and the type of fault (overcharging and undercharging) is displayed. At the same time, the temperature distribution in all batteries of the series with problems of electrical data is displayed on corresponding displays of the temperature distribution odd 17 (Dtu) and even 18 (Dtg) series.

When voltage equalization is applied to a row of accumulators, the greatest electrical impulse energy comes to the AKB accumulator with problems of imbalance.

The same electrical voltage is applied to every accumulator and every sensor that measures the temperature.

The last (n + 1) row of temperature sensors, which is arranged inside the hermetic body of the accumulator block, measures the average temperature inside the AKB accumulator body.

Experiments for the implementation (execution) of the proposed method were carried out in the programming environment MULTISIM.

example 1

The experiment was carried out during the work simulation of a system fragment for the automatic monitoring and balancing of the state of charge of the parallel lel series connection of the accumulators carried out in one block. This had a row of two batteries connected in parallel with the number of rows four and the total number of batteries eight.

A temperature sensor in the form of a thermoresistor with high internal resistance was arranged on each accumulator. The rows of two accumulators connected in parallel were formed using resistors with a nominal value of less than 1 ohm, which are connected to accumulators. Electromechanical keys with low contact resistance were used as single-digit switch-on keys. The clock frequency of the interrogation of thermosistors was 200 Hz and that of the block accumulators 50 Hz.

Overcharging and weak charging were balanced out when comparing the voltage on the accumulator with problems with the voltage on the accumulator block, which consisted of four series-connected accumulator rows.

The oscillograms are recorded on Fig. 2:

◄ the clock pulse with a frequency of 50 Hz;

◄ the imbalance of electrical data for voltage (U) and resistance (RBH) in the event of overcharging in the form of the deviation from the average value in all block accumulators;

◄ the temperature distribution in all block accumulators;

◄ of the voltage pulse that occurs on the accumulator with problems when the permissible temperature value is exceeded on it.

From the second oscillogram it can be seen that, depending on the size of the positive pulse in the imbalance in relation to the average value, one can speak of an overcharging of a number of the accumulators. Areas with a minimum stress value correspond to the equilibrium state. On the third oscillogram of the temperature measurement in all rows of the block accumulators it can be seen that the temperature on the second accumulator of the second row of the accumulator block is higher than the temperature of the first accumulator in the series. This exceedance was greater than permissible, which caused a threshold switch of the microcontroller to be triggered. This pulse is shown on the fourth graph in FIG.

As a result, the effect time of the compensation pulse was proportionally shortened when compensating (tooth on the second oscillogram).

The oscillograms are recorded in Fig. 3:

◄ the clock pulses with a frequency of 50 Hz;

◄ the imbalance of electrical data of the voltage (U) and the resistance (R _EH ) with the weak charge on the first accumulator and with the overload on the second accumulator in the form of the deviation from the average value in all block accumulators;

◄ the temperature distribution in all block accumulators;

◄ of the voltage pulse that arises on the accumulator with problems when the permissible temperature value is exceeded on it.

From the presented oscillogram it can be seen that in a situation when overcharged and undercharged accumulators are detected, the center line is shifted from the equilibrium state. Thus, the increase in reliability and the increase in the service life of the block accumulators is achieved by continuous automatic control (monitoring) and the address equalization of the voltage of each of the accumulators. This is done with high accuracy when balancing by currents in one impulse (they reach several amperes), with high efficiency of the energy conversion with the possibility of displaying the series numbers with impermissible voltage deviations of the overcharging and undercharging of the block batteries with minimal installation costs and costs that are allotted to a working battery of the battery block. In particular, this effect increases proportionally with the increase in the number of accumulators in the block.

The possibility of monitoring and balancing electrical data of the accumulators in one device and at the same time controlling the temperature of each of them should be considered as a new additional diagnostic sign that increases the reliability of the system.

Claims

Expectations

1. Device for automatic monitoring and balancing of the 5 block batteries has:

a power source in the form of a block of the parallel - serial accumulator connection,

a system of consumption and charging of the block accumulators,

a commutation block for the accumulators,

10 - two rails for measuring electrical data,

a commutation control block and a microcontroller which is connected to the electrical data measurement block and is connected to the digital display of the block accumulators with problems of the electrical data and to the input of the commutation control block via an information rail,

characterized in that

each accumulator of the accumulator block is supplied with a resistor of the same small size and with a temperature sensor, which are electrically connected to the positive contact of each accumulator with connections, 0 a parallel accumulator connection in the block for each horizontal accumulator row through the merger (union?) of the second resistor connections of the same small size are implemented in the overall connection of the series of block accumulators,

resulting rows are connected in series to form a single accumulator block 25, i.e. (m) accumulators connected in parallel, which form the (n) rows after the series connection with the total number (mxn), the accumulator block is supplied with temperature measuring sensors in the volume of the hermetic body, which are evenly net angeord in its inner volume and each of them is electrically grounded through a connection, the accumulator block is supplied with a commutation block of the temperature sensors. It contains keys of the temperature sensors with control windings, which are arranged in the form of parallel (m) connected keys of the temperature sensors. They form odd and even rows after the series connection with the total number m * (n + 1),

the row (n + 1) for the measurement of the ambient temperature is arranged inside the hermetic body of the accumulator block,

the accumulator block is supplied with analog commutators with (m) inputs for controlling odd and even control windings of the key rows of the temperature sensors,

the accumulator block is supplied with rails for measuring the temperature of the accumulators. They connect outputs of the commutation block of the temperature sensors with inputs of the odd block and the even block of the temperature measurement of the accumulators,

the accumulator block is supplied with blocks for temperature measurement of the accumulators of odd and even rows. They contain a pulse transformer with two series-connected primary windings and one secondary winding, diode blocks with capacitors,

the accumulator block is supplied with a measuring amplifier with two inputs and one output,

the accumulator block is supplied with a digital display (indicator?) of an accumulator block with temperature problems,

the accumulator block is supplied with displays of the temperature distribution of odd and even rows (m) of the accumulators. They reflect hysto- grams of the temperature distribution in the rows in which there are accumulators with temperature problems,

that a control block consists of a step-up and a step-down DC voltage converter (converter),

that a switching device, which consists of two (switch-on?) keys, is controlled by the microcontroller,

that a block (unit) is provided for measuring electrical data and for voltage compensation. It consists of a rectifier on the pulse transformer with a primary winding, two secondary windings and with two single-digit keys in the rectification chain. An AC amplifier is connected to the rectifier output.

in which

- the commutation block of the accumulators is designed with the possibility of commutation of common series connections with measuring rails for electrical data,

- Odd and even key rows of the temperature sensors are connected to the respective temperature sensors of odd and even rows of the block accumulators and with other connections to the measuring rails of the temperature of the accumulators corresponding to odd and even rows

- Odd and even key rows of the temperature sensors connected to common connections are connected to the first inputs of the odd and even temperature measuring blocks by an odd and an even measuring rail for the temperature of the accumulators,

- the second input of the temperature measuring block of uneven rows of the temperature sensors is connected to the measuring bar (a) electrical data,

- the second input of the temperature measuring block of straight rows of temperature sensors is connected to the measuring rail (b) electrical data, - the outputs of the temperature measuring blocks of odd and even rows of the temperature sensors are connected to the inputs of the measuring amplifier and the microcontroller,

- some connections of the control key windings of the temperature sensors are connected to the outputs of the commutation control block and other connections to the corresponding inputs of analog commutators,

- Odd and even rows of control key windings of odd and even rows of temperature sensors are connected to the inputs of the analog commutator,

- The commutation control block, odd and even analog commutators, digital displays of block batteries with temperature problems and problems with electrical data, displays of the temperature distribution of odd and even rows of parallel-connected m accumulators are connected to the microcontroller after the serial connection by information rails. They are controlled by the microcontroller,

- The control block is connected to the h connection of the commutation block of the accumulators and the microcontroller through inputs and to the switching device through outputs;

- The switching device is connected to the microcontroller and through inputs

Outputs connected to the control block and the measuring block for electrical data and voltage equalization,

- The measuring block of electrical data and the voltage equalization is connected to the rails of electrical data (a) and (b) through the input and to the microcontroller through the output and connected to the switching device through the input and the output.

2. Device according to claim 1,

characterized,

that each of the temperature sensors is arranged within the body of the corresponding accumulator.

3. Device according to claim 1,

characterized,

that temperature sensors are designed in the form of thermoresistors (NTC thermistors?) with high internal resistance.

4. Apparatus according to claim 1,

characterized,

that small-sized resistors in the accumulator block are the fuses for impermissible voltage deviations in problematic accumulators.

5. Apparatus according to claim 1,

characterized,

that the number of temperature sensors, which are arranged evenly after the inner volume of the hermetic body of the accumulator block, corresponds to the number of accumulators in the row.

6. Method for the automatic monitoring and balancing of the block accumulators, including the control of the state of charge and the temperature of the accumulators, which are arranged in block-parallel series,

- whereby the accumulators are queried by the commutation control block, - the voltage is generated by the measuring block of electrical data. - where the voltage is proportional to the average value for all block accumulators.

- whereby the voltage values are determined,

- with voltage values proportional to the difference between the average value in the accumulator block and the voltage of the accumulator

Problems in this parameter are

- whereby the accumulator temperatures are controlled by temperature sensors,

characterized,

that a parallel connection of the accumulators in a block for each horizontal accumulator row is carried out by combining second resistor connections of the same small size in one overall line of a series of block accumulators,

that the resulting rows are connected in series to form a single accumulator block,

that through the commutation block of the accumulators total lines from two adjacent rows of the block accumulators (one starts with the first) are connected to two measuring rails for electrical data (a) and (b)

that the temperature of the accumulators in the block and the ambient temperature within the hermetic body is controlled by temperature sensors that are arranged on each accumulator, and by temperature sensors that are uniformly arranged in the inner volume of the hermetic accumulator block,

that the temperature control of each accumulator in series connected rows of the block is carried out by connecting the temperature sensors to the key connections of the rows of temperature sensors, that through the commutation block of the temperature sensors, all temperature sensors of odd and even rows of the accumulators are connected to odd and even measuring rails (B) and (r) of the accumulator temperature,

that the connection sequence of the temperature sensors of each of the accumulators of the odd and the next even row is carried out by simultaneously querying the odd and the even analog commutator of the key control windings of the temperature sensors of the commutation block of the temperature sensors,

that when the key control windings of the temperature sensors are queried by odd and even analogue commutators, only those keys of the temperature sensors close whose control windings are connected to the currently active outputs of the commutation control block, that the control of the series connection of the outputs of the commutation control block and the series connection the inputs of odd and even analog commutators are executed synchronously by the microcontroller through information rails,

that the clock frequency of the query of the analog commutators exceeds the query frequency of the commutation control block in proportion to the number of accumulators in the series,

that the odd and even key rows of the temperature sensors are connected to the first inputs of the odd and even temperature measuring blocks by measuring rails for the accumulator temperature (B) and (r),

that the second inputs of the temperature measuring blocks of these rows of temperature sensors are each connected with measuring rails for electrical data (a) and (6), that voltage is generated at the outputs of the temperature measuring blocks of odd and even rows of block accumulators,

that the voltage is proportional to the temperature in all odd and even rows of accumulators,

5 that the output voltage is transmitted accordingly to the inputs of the micro controller and the measuring amplifier,

that a total signal for the temperature of odd and even rows of block accumulators is generated by the measuring amplifier, which is then also transmitted to the microcontroller for processing.

0 by the microcontroller becomes:

a statistical signal processing is carried out on the temperature of odd and even rows of the block accumulators;

a mathematical expectation (statistical mean) and a stray field of the temperature in the controlled rows of block accumulators determined;

-5 its average temperature is calculated and analyzed and is compared with the average temperature of odd and even rows of block batteries according to the specified limits of permissible deviations in the average temperatures of the environment;

the microcontroller indicates on the digital display the number of an accumulator with temperature problems in the case of impermissible temperature differences in every odd and even accumulator row.

At the same time, the microcontroller displays hystograms of the temperature distribution in odd and even rows containing battery packs with temperature problems on the temperature distribution indicators for uneven and even battery rows.

the control block ensures the size regulation of the compensation voltage during overcharging and undercharging, proportional to the current flowing through the charging system; The switching device carries out the equalization voltage setting in the case of overcharging with one switch and in the case of undercharging with another switch for a period of time which is proportional to the unbalance value and the temperature.

- the measurement and voltage compensation block eliminates the imbalance

The voltage is measured and the voltage equalization pulse is generated with a duration proportional to the imbalance and temperature amplitude,

the serial number of a number of block accumulators with problems of electrical data and the type of fault (overcharge and undercharge) are displayed on the digital display of electrical data.

At the same time, the temperature distribution in all block accumulators with problems of electrical data in the series is shown on corresponding displays of the temperature distribution of the odd and even rows.

7. The method according to claim 1,

characterized,

that when the voltage equalization is impulsed in a row of accumulators, the greatest electrical impulse energy comes to the accumulator with problems of imbalance.

8. The method according to claim 1,

characterized,

that the same electrical voltage is applied to every accumulator and every sensor that measures its temperature.

9. The method according to claim 1,

characterized,

that the last row of temperature sensors, which is arranged within the hermetic body of the accumulator block, the average ambient temperature is measured within the accumulator body.