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WO2020019578A1 - 电池火灾预警系统及方法 - Google Patents

电池火灾预警系统及方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020019578A1
WO2020019578A1 PCT/CN2018/114993 CN2018114993W WO2020019578A1 WO 2020019578 A1 WO2020019578 A1 WO 2020019578A1 CN 2018114993 W CN2018114993 W CN 2018114993W WO 2020019578 A1 WO2020019578 A1 WO 2020019578A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
battery
detection device
early warning
detection
disposed
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2018/114993
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
李伟峰
王贺武
欧阳明高
张亚军
李成
李建秋
卢兰光
韩雪冰
杜玖玉
Original Assignee
清华大学
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from CN201810840443.XA external-priority patent/CN108765856B/zh
Priority claimed from CN201810840864.2A external-priority patent/CN109064702B/zh
Priority claimed from CN201810840708.6A external-priority patent/CN109064701A/zh
Application filed by 清华大学 filed Critical 清华大学
Publication of WO2020019578A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020019578A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
    • G08B17/10—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of lithium ion battery safety, and in particular, to a battery fire early warning system and method.
  • Lithium-ion batteries have excellent performance such as high voltage, high specific energy, long cycle life, and no pollution to the environment. They have attracted great attention from the electric vehicle industry, and have gained certain applications.
  • combustible gas mixtures such as H 2 , CO, and CH 4 are generated and accumulated inside the battery. After the battery reaches a certain pressure limit, the safety valve opens, and the combustible mixture is released into the external environment as the battery erupts.
  • the present application discloses a battery fire early warning system and method that can realize battery fire early warning from multiple perspectives.
  • the present application discloses a battery fire early warning system, which includes a battery module case, at least one first detection device, at least one second detection device, at least one third detection device, a plurality of fourth detection devices, and a battery management system.
  • a plurality of battery cells are disposed in the battery module case, and each of the battery cells is provided with a safety valve.
  • the first detection device is disposed on the inner wall of the battery module housing, and the first detection device is disposed opposite to the plurality of safety valves, and is disposed to detect when the battery cell is about to release or has undergone thermal runaway. Out of the electrolyte or soot particles.
  • the second detection device is disposed on the inner wall of the battery module housing, and the second detection device is disposed opposite to the plurality of safety valves, and is disposed to detect that the plurality of battery cells are about to undergo or have thermal runaway. When the shape changes.
  • the third detection device is disposed on the inner wall of the battery module case, and the third detection device is disposed opposite to the plurality of safety valves, and is disposed to collect that the plurality of battery cells is about to have or has undergone thermal runaway. Sound waves produced by air jets during the eruption process.
  • Each of the fourth detection devices is disposed on the surface of each of the battery cells or between the two battery cells, and is configured to detect the temperature of the surface of the battery cells when the plurality of battery cells are about to undergo or thermal runaway, Changes in surface strain or squeezing force between two battery cells.
  • the first detection device is connected to the battery management system
  • the second detection device is connected to the battery management system
  • the third detection device is connected to the battery management system
  • the plurality of fourth detection devices Connected to the battery management system.
  • the first detection device is a smoke sensor or a gas sensor.
  • the second detection device is a photographing device.
  • the third detection device is a sound collection device.
  • the fourth detection device is a temperature sensor.
  • the battery management system includes a control unit, a first detection unit, a second detection unit, a third detection unit, and a fourth detection unit.
  • An input terminal of the first detection unit is connected to the first detection device, and an output terminal of the first detection unit is connected to the control unit.
  • An input terminal of the second detection unit is connected to the second detection device, and an output terminal of the second detection unit is connected to the control unit.
  • An input terminal of the third detection unit is connected to the third detection device, and an output terminal of the third detection unit is connected to the control unit.
  • An input terminal of the fourth detection unit is connected to the plurality of fourth detection devices, and an output terminal of the fourth detection unit is connected to the control unit.
  • the battery management system further includes a fire extinguishing device, and the fire extinguishing device is connected to the control unit.
  • the second detection device includes a plurality of cameras.
  • the plurality of cameras are disposed on an inner wall of the battery module housing, and each of the cameras is connected to the battery management system.
  • each of the cameras is disposed on a geometric center of each inner wall surface of the battery module housing, and is configured to accurately position the plurality of battery cells.
  • each of the cameras is connected to an input terminal of the second detection unit, and an output terminal of the second detection unit is connected to the control unit.
  • the plurality of cameras are infrared cameras.
  • the battery fire early warning system further includes a spectrum analysis device.
  • An input end of the spectrum analysis device is connected to the third detection device, and an output end of the spectrum analysis device is connected to the third detection unit.
  • the third detection device includes a plurality of noise sensors, the plurality of noise sensors are disposed on an inner wall of the battery module housing, and each of the noise sensors and the spectrum analysis device Connected to the input.
  • each of the noise sensors is disposed at a geometric center of each inner wall surface of the battery module case.
  • each of the safety valves is disposed at an air outlet of each of the battery cells, and a plurality of the safety valves are opposite to a top surface of an inner wall of the battery module case.
  • the noise sensor is disposed on a side surface of an inner wall of the battery module case, and is disposed near a top surface of the inner wall.
  • the noise sensor is disposed on the surface of each of the battery cells and is disposed near the safety valve.
  • a battery fire early warning method includes: obtaining first signal parameters of a plurality of battery cells in a battery module housing according to a second detection device and a fourth sensing device; and according to the first Signal parameter, the control unit sends a warning signal; when the control unit sends a warning signal, according to the second detection device and the third detection device, obtain the number of the plurality of battery cells in the battery module housing A second signal parameter; according to the second signal parameter, the control unit sends out a fire warning signal; when the control unit sends out a fire warning signal, according to a first detection device, the plurality of cells in the battery module housing are obtained A third signal parameter of each battery cell; and according to the third signal parameter, the control unit escapes a signal.
  • the first signal parameters are the multiple The first image characteristic parameter of each battery cell and the surface temperature parameter of the plurality of battery cells.
  • the control unit issues a warning signal
  • a second signal of the plurality of battery cells in the battery module housing is obtained.
  • the second signal parameter is a second image characteristic parameter of the plurality of battery cells and a frequency characteristic and an amplitude characteristic of a sound wave.
  • the application provides the battery fire early warning system.
  • the first detection device is used to detect an electrolyte solution or soot particles released when the battery cell is thermally out of control.
  • the second detection device is used to detect a change in shape of the plurality of battery cells when thermal runaway is about to occur or has occurred.
  • the third detection device is configured to detect a vibration frequency of noise caused by airflow ejection during a battery eruption process when the plurality of battery cells is about to undergo thermal runaway.
  • Each of the fourth detection devices is configured to detect a change in a temperature or a surface strain force on a surface of each of the battery cells or a pressing force between two adjacent battery cells.
  • the first detection device, the second detection device, the third detection device, and the fourth detection device transmit signals collected when the plurality of battery cells are about to or have thermal runaway.
  • the battery management system issues a fire warning signal or activates a fire warning device.
  • the first detection device, the second detection device, the third detection device, and the fourth detection device are different types of detectors, and can be used for detecting the imminent or thermal runaway from different aspects.
  • the plurality of battery cells in the battery module case are detected.
  • the battery fire early warning system can realize battery fire early warning from multiple angles, such as image, gas, sound, temperature, squeezing force, etc., avoiding false or false alarms of the fire, and improving the safety of the battery in fire early warning To avoid loss of life and property.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery fire early warning system provided by the present application
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a camera installation of a battery fire early warning system structure provided by the present application
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a specific structure of a camera of a battery fire early warning system structure provided by the present application;
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a camera installation structure in an embodiment of a battery fire early warning system structure provided by the present application;
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic plan view of a mounting structure of a camera in an embodiment of a battery fire early warning system structure provided by the present application;
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural side view of a camera mounting structure in an embodiment of a battery fire early warning system structure provided by the present application;
  • FIG. 7 is a top structural schematic view of a mounting structure of a camera in an embodiment of a battery fire early warning system structure provided by the present application;
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of installing a noise sensor of a battery fire early warning system structure provided by the present application.
  • FIG. 9 is a detailed structural diagram of a noise sensor of a battery fire early warning system structure provided by the present application.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic side view of a mounting structure of a noise sensor in an embodiment of a battery fire early warning system structure provided by the present application;
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of an installation structure of a noise sensor in an embodiment of a battery fire early warning system structure provided by the present application.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of an installation structure of a noise sensor in an embodiment of a battery fire early warning system structure provided by the present application.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic plan view of a mounting structure of a noise sensor in an embodiment of a battery fire early warning system structure provided by the present application;
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic structural side view of a mounting structure of a noise sensor in an embodiment of a battery fire early warning system structure provided by the present application;
  • FIG. 15 is a schematic plan view of a mounting structure of a noise sensor in an embodiment of a battery fire early warning system structure provided by the present application.
  • the present application discloses a battery fire warning system 100 including a battery module case 10, at least one first detection device 20, at least one second detection device 30, at least one third detection device 40, and a plurality of Fourth detection 50 and battery management system 60.
  • a plurality of battery cells 101 are disposed in the battery module case 10, and each of the battery cells 101 is provided with a safety valve 102.
  • the first detection device 20 is disposed on an inner wall of the battery module case 10, and the first detection device 20 is disposed opposite to a plurality of the safety valves 102.
  • the second detection device 30 is disposed on the battery.
  • the second detection device 30 is disposed opposite to the plurality of safety valves 102 on the inner wall of the module case 10, the third detection device 40 is disposed on the inner wall of the battery module case 10, and the third A detection device 40 is disposed opposite to the plurality of safety valves 102, and each of the fourth detection devices 50 is disposed on a surface of each of the battery cells 101.
  • the first detection device 20 is connected to the battery management system 60
  • the second detection device 30 is connected to the battery management system 60
  • the third detection device 40 is connected to the battery management system 60.
  • a plurality of fourth detection devices 50 are connected to the battery management system 60.
  • the first detection device 20 is used to detect an electrolyte solution or soot particles released when the battery cell 101 is thermally out of control.
  • the second detection device 30 is configured to detect a change in shape of the plurality of battery cells 101 when the battery cells 101 are about to undergo thermal runaway.
  • the third detecting device 40 is configured to detect a vibration frequency of noise caused by airflow ejection during a battery erupting process when the plurality of battery cells 101 is about to undergo thermal runaway.
  • Each of the fourth detection devices 50 is configured to detect a temperature of a surface of each of the battery cells 101 or a pressure change between two adjacent battery cells 101.
  • the plurality of battery cells 101 that will be collected by the first detection device 20, the second detection device 30, the third detection device 40, and the fourth detection device 50 are about to or have thermal runaway.
  • the time signal is transmitted to the battery management system 60. Therefore, the battery management system 60 issues a fire warning signal or activates a fire warning device.
  • the first detection device 20, the second detection device 30, the third detection device 40, and the fourth detection device 50 are different types of detectors, which can control thermal imminence or imminent thermal runaway from different aspects.
  • the plurality of battery cells 101 in the battery module case 10 are detected at this time.
  • the battery fire early warning system 100 can realize battery fire early warning from multiple angles such as image, gas, sound, temperature, squeeze force, etc., avoiding false or false alarms of the fire, and improving the safety of the battery in fire early warning. Sex, to avoid the loss of life and property.
  • the battery management system 60 (BATTERY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM, BMS) can prevent the battery from being overcharged and overdischarged.
  • the battery management system has an accurate estimation of the state of charge of the power battery pack, dynamic monitoring and balance between the batteries.
  • the terminal voltage and temperature, the charging and discharging current, and the total battery pack voltage of each of the battery cells 101 in the battery pack of the electric vehicle are collected in real time to prevent the battery from overcharging or overdischarging.
  • the status of each of the battery cells 101 can be given in time, and the battery in question can be selected to maintain the reliability and efficiency of the entire battery operation, making it possible to implement the remaining power estimation model.
  • the number of the first detection device 20, the second detection device 30, the third detection device 40, and the fourth detection device 50 is not limited, and may be one or more .
  • the installation positions of the first detection device 20, the second detection device 30, the third detection device 40, and the fourth detection device 50 may also be placed on the inner wall of the battery module case 10. Other locations can be easily detected.
  • the first detection device 20 is a smoke sensor or a gas sensor.
  • the first detection device 20 may be an ionic smoke sensor, a photoelectric smoke sensor, a gas-sensitive smoke sensor, or the like.
  • the first detection device 20 is a smoke sensor.
  • the first detection device 20 realizes fire prevention by monitoring the smoke concentration, and is widely used in various fire alarm systems, and its performance is far better than that of gas thermistor type fire alarms.
  • the first detection device 20 is mainly used to collect the electrolytic solution or soot particles released from the battery cell 101.
  • the first detection device 20 is connected to the battery management system 60.
  • the first detection device 20 When the first detection device 20 detects the electrolyte or soot particles released by the battery cell 101, it will collect the collected information about the The signal of the eruption when the battery cell 101 is about to undergo thermal runaway has been transmitted to the battery management system 60. Therefore, the battery management system 60 issues a fire warning signal.
  • the first detection device 20 is a smoke meter.
  • the first detection device 20 is placed directly above the safety valve 102 of the plurality of battery cells 101, or at a battery module case 10, or at a vent of a battery pack case.
  • One or more of the first detection devices 20 may be placed in the process according to actual needs.
  • the first detection device 20 collects the composition of the electrolyte, soot particles, H 2 , CO, and CH 4 mixed flue gas released from the battery cell 101, it is transmitted to the battery management system 60. Then, the battery management system 60 issues a fire warning signal.
  • the second detection device 30 is a photographing device.
  • the second detection device 30 may pass a photographing device. An image of the shape of one or more of the battery cells 101 in the battery module case 10 is acquired. A picture is taken by the second detection device 30, and the picture information is transmitted to the battery management system 60.
  • the second detection device 30 only needs to cover a range where the safety valves 102 of all the battery cells 101 in one of the battery module cases 10 are located.
  • one or more infrared camera lenses can be placed in the battery module housing 10. Since the battery module case 10 is sealed inside and the light is insufficient, an infrared camera can be used.
  • the position of the second detection device 30 may be directly above the safety valves of the plurality of battery cells 101.
  • each of the second detection devices 30 may correspond to one of the battery cells 101.
  • the battery management system 60 performs further recognition processing based on the grayscale difference of the picture taken by the battery management system 60, and compares the shape with the normal shape of the battery cell 101. If the shape changes, the battery management The system 60 issues a fire warning signal.
  • the third detection device 40 is a sound collection device.
  • one or more of the battery cells 101 in the battery module case 10 are thermally out of control, one or more of the battery cells 101 may emit particulate matter or a gas mixture.
  • the friction between the air flow and the outlet, the surrounding air, etc. causes vibration to generate noise, which is accompanied by a unique frequency, and the frequency is closely related to the spray speed of the air flow. Therefore, the unique vibration frequency caused by the eruption can be collected by the sound collection device, and it can be determined whether the spray phenomenon of the battery cell 101 occurs, and the related parameters of the vibration frequency are transmitted to the battery management system 60, so that The battery management system 60 issues a fire warning signal.
  • the sound collection device is used to collect sound waves emitted during the eruption of the battery cell 101, and transmit the sound wave signals to the battery management system 60. Therefore, the battery management system 60 performs a Fourier transform on the collected sound waves, and performs steps such as filtering and removing noise data to separate or demodulate complex signals into sine waves with different frequencies and amplitudes, and obtain the sound waves. Frequency and amplitude characteristics.
  • the battery management system 60 compares the frequency characteristics and amplitude characteristics of the collected acoustic waves with the frequency characteristics and amplitude characteristics of the target acoustic waves. If the frequency and amplitude of the collected sound wave appear to be the frequency distribution and amplitude distribution of the target sound wave, it can be considered that the spraying phenomenon of the battery cell 101 occurs, and the battery management system 60 issues a fire alarm at this time.
  • the number of the third detection device 40 may be one or more, and the third detection device 40 may be disposed above the safety valve 102 of the plurality of battery cells 101. .
  • the fourth detection device 50 is a temperature sensor. When one or more of the battery cells 101 in the battery module housing 10 are about to occur or thermal runaway has occurred, the temperature of the surface of the battery cells 101 will rise sharply, often accompanied by the battery The expansion of the shell of the monomer 101. The fourth detection device 50 can identify the surface temperature of the battery cell 101. The signal data collected by the fourth detection device 50 is transmitted to the battery management system 60, and the battery management system 60 is further used to determine the thermal runaway state of the battery.
  • the fourth detection device 50 is a strain sensor.
  • the battery cells 101 in the battery module housing 10 are about to occur or thermal runaway has occurred, the battery cells 101 are often accompanied by a shell expansion phenomenon.
  • a strain sensor can be used.
  • a change in the surface stress of the battery cell 101 is detected.
  • the signal data collected by the fourth detection device 50 is transmitted to the battery management system 60, and the battery management system 60 is further used to determine the thermal runaway state of the battery.
  • the fourth detection device 50 is a squeeze force sensor.
  • the battery cells 101 in the battery module housing 10 are about to occur or thermal runaway has occurred, the battery cells 101 are often accompanied by a shell expansion phenomenon.
  • a touch sensor may be used. Changes in the compression stress between two adjacent battery cells 101 are detected.
  • the signal data collected by the fourth detection device 50 is transmitted to the battery management system 60, and then a fire warning signal is issued by the battery management system 60.
  • the battery management system 60 includes a control unit 610, a first detection unit 620, a second detection unit 630, a third detection unit 640, and a fourth detection unit 650.
  • An input terminal of the first detection unit 620 is connected to the first detection device 20, and an output terminal of the first detection unit 620 is connected to the control unit 610.
  • An input terminal of the second detection unit 630 is connected to the second detection device 30, and an output terminal of the second detection unit 630 is connected to the control unit 610.
  • An input terminal of the third detection unit 640 is connected to the third detection device 40, and an output terminal of the third detection unit 640 is connected to the control unit 610.
  • An input terminal of the fourth detection unit 650 is connected to the plurality of fourth detection devices 50, and an output terminal of the fourth detection unit 650 is connected to the control unit 610.
  • the battery module case 10 contains a large number or even thousands of the battery cells 101.
  • An input terminal of the first detection unit 620 is connected to the first detection device 20, and an output terminal of the first detection unit 620 is connected to the control unit 610.
  • the first detection device 20 can detect the spray phenomenon appearing on the battery cell 101, collect the concentration of the electrolyte or soot particles released by the battery cell 101, and transmit the signal information to the first A detection unit 620, the first detection unit 620 analyzes a smoke signal released by the battery cell 101, and sends a fire warning signal through the control unit 610.
  • An input terminal of the second detection unit 630 is connected to the second detection device 30, and an output terminal of the second detection unit 630 is connected to the control unit 610.
  • the second detection device 30 can quickly, accurately and comprehensively capture the image change of each of the battery cells 101.
  • the second detection device 30 uses an industrial camera to take a picture, and then the second detection unit 630 uses software to identify useful information after processing according to the grayscale difference of the picture.
  • the second detection unit 630 performs image analysis on the image of the battery cell 101 captured by the second detection device 30 and compares the image with the normal battery cell 101.
  • the second detection unit 630 transmits an image analysis result to the control unit 610. When a shape of one or more of the battery cells 101 changes, the control unit 610 issues a fire warning signal.
  • An input terminal of the third detection unit 640 is connected to the third detection device 40, and an output terminal of the third detection unit 640 is connected to the control unit 610.
  • the third detection device 40 is based on a specific vibration frequency occurring during the eruption of the battery cell 101.
  • the third detection unit 640 generates a sound by directly vibrating the airflow collected by the third detection device 40 with the outlet, the surrounding air, and the like to generate a sound, and the sound is analyzed with a unique frequency.
  • the control unit 610 sends out a fire warning signal.
  • An input terminal of the fourth detection unit 650 is connected to the plurality of fourth detection devices 50, and an output terminal of the fourth detection unit 650 is connected to the control unit 610.
  • Each of the fourth detection devices 50 may detect a temperature on a surface of each of the battery cells 101, or the fourth detection device 50 disposed between the adjacent fourth detection devices 50 may detect two adjacent cells. The pressure change between the battery cells 101 due to thermal runaway. When thermal runaway occurs in one or more of the battery cells 101, the signal information collected by the plurality of fourth detection devices 50 is transmitted to the fourth detection unit 650, and the control unit 610 issues a fire warning signal.
  • At least one of the first detection device 20, at least one of the second detection device 30, at least one of the third detection device 40, and the plurality of fourth detection devices 50 can be used to test the battery module from multiple angles.
  • the plurality of battery cells 101 in the pack case 10 are monitored in real time, avoiding false alarms or false alarms caused by using a single detector, and improving the safety of the battery fire early warning system 100, and The cost of the battery fire early warning system 100 is reduced.
  • the battery fire early warning system 100 further includes a fire extinguishing device 70.
  • the fire extinguishing device 70 is connected to the control unit 610.
  • the first detection unit 620, the second detection unit 630, the third detection unit 640, and The fourth detection unit 650 collects analysis signal information, and transmits the analysis result to the control unit 610, and the control unit 610 sends out a fire warning signal.
  • the control unit 610 sends out a fire warning signal to control the fire extinguishing device 70 to extinguish fire.
  • the control unit 610 alerts the car, and the car can control power failure.
  • the battery cell 101 will not have a current output, and the danger can be controlled in time.
  • the control unit 610 presents a fire alarm signal to the charger, at which time the charger stops charging, and the battery management system 60 itself can also cut off the current.
  • control unit 610 sends out a fire early warning signal, which can remind the driver, the driver can extinguish the fire manually, or the control unit 610 can send out a fire early warning signal, so that the driver and passengers can quickly leave the car.
  • the second detector device 30 is a photographing device and can obtain image information of the plurality of battery cells 101.
  • the shape, size, position, characteristics and mutual relationship of the plurality of battery cells 101 can be obtained by processing the pictures obtained by the optical camera, and one or more of the batteries that are about to undergo or have thermal runaway can be located in time Monomer 101.
  • the second detection unit 630 is connected to the photographing device, and recognizes changes in one or more of the battery cells 101 through image preprocessing, image segmentation, feature value extraction, and the like.
  • the image information of the battery cell 101 is converted into a digital signal.
  • the photographing device can quickly and accurately identify whether a spray phenomenon occurs on the battery.
  • the battery management system 60 judges whether to issue based on the relationship between the digital signals that characterize the battery expansion, safety valve opening, outer packaging rupture, battery eruption and other phenomena such as thermal runaway and fire in the battery cell 101. Early warning signs of fire.
  • the battery management system 60 sends out an early warning signal for fire, so that the driver or the fire extinguishing device of the car can make corresponding rescue measures to improve the safety during the use of the battery.
  • the second detection device 30 includes a plurality of cameras 310.
  • the plurality of cameras 310 are disposed on an inner wall of the battery module housing 10, and each of the cameras 310 is connected to the battery management system 60.
  • the battery management system 60 prevents the battery from being overcharged and overdischarged.
  • the battery management system has an accurate estimation of the state of charge of the power battery pack, dynamic monitoring and balance between the batteries.
  • the terminal voltage and temperature of each battery in the electric vehicle battery pack, the charging and discharging current, and the total voltage of the battery pack are collected in real time to prevent the battery from overcharging or overdischarging.
  • the status of the battery can be given in time, and the battery in question can be selected to maintain the reliability and efficiency of the entire battery operation, making it possible to implement the remaining power estimation model.
  • each of the cameras 310 is disposed on a geometric center of each inner wall surface of the battery module case 10, and is configured to accurately position the plurality of battery cells 101.
  • the shape of the battery module case 10 is not limited, and may be a rectangular parallelepiped, a cube, a cylinder, or the like.
  • Each camera 310 is disposed at a geometric center of each inner wall surface of the battery module case 10 The image obtained by the optical camera is processed to obtain the shape, size, position, characteristics, and their relationship of the plurality of battery cells 101 photographed.
  • Each of the cameras 310 is disposed on a diagonal line of each inner wall surface of the battery module housing 10, and can be positioned from all directions to fully capture the safety of one or more of the battery cells 101
  • the changes in the valve 102 and the battery body are compared with normal battery cells, and one or more of the battery cells 101 that have changed can be clearly observed.
  • Each of the cameras 310 is disposed on a geometric center of each inner wall surface of the battery module casing 10, and the geometric positioning determines the size, shape, and spatial position of the subject.
  • the three-dimensional coordinates of the to-be-determined ground points constituting the two photographic rays can be met according to two known photographic sites and two known photographic direction lines.
  • V-STARS software can be used to process the acquired pictures to obtain the three-dimensional coordinates of the points to be measured.
  • the precise three-dimensional coordinates of the point to be measured are obtained by performing image matching and other related mathematical calculations at different positions and directions.
  • the battery management system 30 can also output the three-dimensional data of the position, and at the same time, a retro-reflective mark is stuck on the plurality of battery cells 101, or a point is projected by a spot projector, or a probe rod is used. Point, so that the specific location of the changed battery cell 101 in the battery module case 10 and the specific location of the changed battery cell 101 can be specifically located.
  • each of the cameras 310 is connected to an input terminal of the second detection unit 630, and an output terminal of the second detection unit 630 is connected to the control unit 610.
  • the plurality of cameras 310 capture images of the plurality of battery cells 101 and transmit signals to the second detection unit 630 through a wire harness.
  • the second detection unit 630 performs further recognition processing according to the grayscale difference of the picture.
  • Such phenomena as swelling and deformation, opening of the safety valve, cracking of the outer packaging film, and eruption of the eruption can be clearly displayed on the image, and be timely fed back to the second detection unit 630.
  • the second detection unit 630 performs image processing, converts image information into a digital signal, and feeds it back to the control unit 610.
  • the control unit 610 uses this signal as a basis for issuing a fire warning signal.
  • image recognition such phenomena as swelling and deformation, opening of the safety valve, cracking of the outer packaging film, and eruption of eruption are reflected by the characteristic values such as the gray and shape of the image pixels.
  • the characteristic values such as the gray and shape of the image pixels.
  • by analyzing the picture information taken from the direction of looking down the safety valve 102 it is possible to identify the specific location where the battery emerges through the change in the gray level of the pixel, and quickly identify the early thermal runaway and eruption of the battery.
  • the plurality of cameras 310 are infrared cameras, which have high accuracy, non-contact measurement, no contact, fast measurement speed, can be measured in an unstable environment, suitable for measurement in a narrow space, high data rate, Easy access to large amounts of data, good adaptability, and good portability.
  • the types of the plurality of cameras 310 may be different.
  • each of the battery cells 101 is provided with a safety valve 102.
  • the safety valve 102 is disposed at an air outlet of the battery cell 101.
  • the safety valve 102 is generally installed and the battery cell 101 is about to undergo thermal runaway and a spray phenomenon occurs, the jetting position of the air flow is often through the safety Valve 102 is ejected.
  • the eruption position is fixed and the airflow is distributed above the safety valve 102, it is possible to determine whether an eruption phenomenon occurs by monitoring the change in the gray value of the area above the safety valve 102.
  • the camera is installed at the intersection of diagonal lines above the inner wall of the battery module case 10, and the camera A photographing device is disposed opposite to a plurality of the safety valves 102 for real-time monitoring.
  • the multiple cameras 310 are respectively connected to the battery management system 60, and can take pictures from multiple angles, which can quickly and accurately implement a large number of lithium-ion battery fire warnings, and can specifically locate one or more of the changes that occur.
  • Battery cell 101 When one or more of the battery cells 101 show a spray phenomenon, the lower limit value of the safety valve 102 of the hard-shell battery and the soft-pack battery is often the position where the gaseous eruption is sprayed from the inside of the battery. Therefore, one or more of the cameras 310 need to be installed at a position overlooking the safety valve 102 as needed to comprehensively capture image information of key parts.
  • the camera 310 may also be installed at different positions of the battery module casing 10 as needed to capture image information of battery expansion and deformation in all directions.
  • the multiple cameras 310 can be used for a large number of fire alarms of the battery cells 101. For example, the multiple cameras 310 can be installed at different positions in the battery box, the structure is simple, and it is relatively easy to implement.
  • the camera 310 is disposed on an inner wall side 104 of the battery module housing 10 and is disposed near the inner wall top surface 103 so that the safety valve can be monitored in real time. 102 changes.
  • a plurality of the battery cells 101 in the battery module case 10 are often arranged side by side.
  • a straight line can be connected at the center of the safety valve 102, and a plane a is formed through the straight line, the plane a is parallel to the surface of the safety valve 102, and the surface of the safety valve 102 is close to the safety valve 102.
  • the inner wall surface of the battery module case 10 forms a closed rectangular parallelepiped or hexahedron. Among them, four faces b are perpendicular to the plane a, and each face b belongs to a part of the inner wall side surface 104.
  • the plane a is parallel to the inner wall top surface 103 and has a certain distance.
  • the plane a is a virtual plane provided to better confirm the installation position of the safety valve 102.
  • the camera 310 may be provided with one camera 310 at the center of a plane b, or one camera 310 may be installed at the center of two adjacent faces b, that is, only two opposite faces b One of the cameras 310 may be installed on one of the faces b.
  • each of the battery cells 101 is provided with a safety valve 102, and a plurality of the safety valves 102 are opposite to the top surface 103 of the inner wall of the battery module housing 10.
  • the camera 310 is disposed on an intersection of a plane where the center points of the plurality of safety valves 102 are connected and a vertical plane of the inner wall top surface 103.
  • a vertical line intersects with the inner wall top surface 103, and the camera 310 is disposed on the At the intersection, a plurality of the safety valves 102 can be monitored at the most accurate position, and positioning can be accurately performed to confirm one or more of the battery cells 101 that will or will have thermal runaway.
  • the center point of the safety valve 102 can be connected into a line, as shown by the dotted line in FIG. 6.
  • the installation position of the camera 310 in the top view is at the position of the dotted line, not only can it be determined whether a spraying phenomenon has occurred, but also the position of the battery cell 101 where the spraying phenomenon occurs can be located.
  • the camera 310 is disposed at a top corner position of the inner wall top surface 103 of the battery module case 10.
  • the camera 310 is installed at a top corner of the battery module case 10. At this time, a certain distance should be maintained between the top of the battery cell 101 and the wall surface of the nearest battery module case 10 to ensure that the camera can fully capture the safety valves 102 of all the battery cells 101.
  • the position shown only requires a camera, and it can be prepared to capture whether a battery ejection phenomenon has occurred and the position of the battery cell 101 where the ejection phenomenon has occurred.
  • the battery fire early warning system further includes a spectrum analysis device 450.
  • An input terminal of the spectrum analysis device 450 is connected to the third detection device 40, and an output terminal of the spectrum analysis device 450 is connected to the third detection unit 640.
  • the sound collection device is used to collect sound waves emitted during the eruption of the battery cell 101, and transmit the sound wave signals to the spectrum analysis device 450.
  • the spectrum analysis device 450 performs a Fourier transform on the collected sound waves, and performs steps such as filtering and removing noise data to separate or demodulate complex signals into sine waves with different frequencies and amplitudes, and detects the The frequency characteristics and amplitude characteristics of the sound waves are transmitted to the third detection unit 640.
  • the third detection unit 640 compares the frequency characteristics and amplitude characteristics of the collected acoustic waves with the frequency characteristics and amplitude characteristics of the target acoustic wave. If the frequency and amplitude of the collected sound wave appear to be the frequency distribution and amplitude distribution of the target sound wave, it can be considered that the spraying phenomenon of the battery cell 101 occurs, and the control unit 610 issues a fire alarm at this time.
  • the spectrum analysis device 450 is a spectrum analyzer.
  • the third detection device 40 includes a plurality of noise sensors 421 disposed on an inner wall of the battery module housing 10, and each of the noise sensors 421 and The input terminal of the spectrum analysis device 450 is connected.
  • the noise sensor 421 has a built-in capacitive electret microphone that is sensitive to sound.
  • the collected sound waves cause the electret film in the microphone to vibrate, which results in a change in capacitance and a corresponding tiny voltage that changes to achieve the sound.
  • Sound as a kind of wave, frequency and amplitude have become important attributes describing sound waves. The larger the amplitude, the louder, the higher the frequency, and the higher the pitch.
  • Another characteristic of sound is the timbre, which means that the frequency performance of different sounds always has distinctive characteristics in terms of waveforms. Different sounding bodies have different timbre due to their different materials and structures.
  • each of the noise sensors 421 is disposed at a geometric center of each inner wall surface of the battery module case 10.
  • the shape of the battery module case 10 is not limited, and may be a rectangular parallelepiped, a cube, a cylinder, or the like.
  • Each of the noise sensors 421 is disposed on the geometry of each inner wall surface of the battery module case 10. On the center, sound waves emitted during the eruption of one or more of the battery cells 101 can be captured from all directions.
  • the noise sensor 421 is disposed on an inner wall side surface 104 of the battery module case 10 and is disposed near the inner wall top surface 103.
  • a plurality of the battery cells 101 in the battery module case 10 are often arranged side by side.
  • a straight line can be connected at the center of the safety valve 102, and a plane a is formed through the straight line, the plane a is parallel to the surface of the safety valve 102, and the surface of the safety valve 102 is close to the safety valve 102.
  • the inner wall surface of the battery module case 10 forms a closed rectangular parallelepiped or hexahedron.
  • each face b belongs to a part of the inner wall side surface 104.
  • the plane a is parallel to the inner wall top surface 103 and has a certain distance.
  • the plane a is a virtual plane provided to better confirm the installation position of the safety valve 102.
  • One noise sensor 421 is installed at the center of a plane b, or one noise sensor 421 may be installed at the center of two adjacent faces b, that is, only one of the two opposite faces b It is sufficient to install one of the noise sensors 421 on b.
  • the noise sensor 421 is disposed on a surface of each of the battery cells 101 and is disposed near the safety valve 102.
  • each of the safety valves 102 is disposed at an air outlet of each of the battery cells 101, and a plurality of the safety valves 102 and an inner wall of the battery module case 10 The top surface 103 is opposed.
  • the noise sensor 421 is disposed on an intersection line of a plane where the center point line of the plurality of safety valves 102 is located and a vertical plane of the inner wall top surface 103.
  • a vertical line intersects with the inner wall top surface 103, and the noise sensor 421 is disposed at the At the intersection, a plurality of the safety valves 102 can be monitored.
  • the center points of the safety valves 102 can be connected into a line.
  • the noise sensor 421 is disposed at a vertex position of the top surface 103 of the inner wall of the battery module case 10. Further, in order to reduce costs, the noise sensor 421 is installed at a top corner of the battery module case 10.
  • airflow noise is generated when the airflow is emitted from the inside of one or more of the battery cells 101 to the outside of the battery. The reason is that the airflow causes friction and collision with the wall surface at the exit and the surrounding air to cause vibration. This causes air to vibrate and emit sound.
  • the sound collection device is used to collect sound waves emitted during the eruption of the battery cell 101, and transmit the sound wave signal to the spectrum analysis device 450.
  • the spectrum analysis device 450 performs a Fourier transform on the collected sound waves, and performs steps such as filtering and removing noise data to separate or demodulate complex signals into sine waves with different frequencies and amplitudes, and detects the The frequency characteristics and amplitude characteristics of the sound waves are transmitted to the third detection unit 640.
  • the third detection unit 640 compares the frequency characteristics and amplitude characteristics of the collected acoustic waves with the frequency characteristics and amplitude characteristics of the target acoustic wave. If the frequency and amplitude of the collected sound wave appear to be the frequency distribution and amplitude distribution of the target sound wave, it can be considered that the spraying phenomenon of the battery cell 101 occurs, and the control unit 610 issues a fire alarm at this time.
  • a battery fire warning method may be applied to the battery fire warning system 100 described above.
  • the battery fire early warning method includes:
  • the control unit 610 issues a warning signal.
  • control unit 610 issues a warning signal, according to the second detection device 30 and the third detection device 40, obtain a second signal of the plurality of battery cells 101 in the battery module case 10. parameter;
  • the control unit 610 issues a fire warning signal
  • control unit 610 issues a fire warning signal, according to the first detection device 20, obtain a third signal parameter of the plurality of battery cells 101 in the battery module housing 10;
  • the control unit 610 sends an escape signal.
  • the second detection device 30 and the fourth detection device 50 can detect corresponding signals before one or more of the battery cells 101 show a spray phenomenon
  • the first The two detection devices 30 and the fourth detection device 50 are used as the first signal in parallel, that is, when one or more of the battery cells 101 do not show a spray phenomenon, but one or more of the battery cells 101 exhibit expansion deformation
  • the control unit 610 should issue a warning signal to remind "the battery needs to be repaired.”
  • step S40 when one or more of the battery cells 101 show a spray phenomenon, the second detection device 30 and the third detection device 40 will first detect the corresponding safety valve 102. Signals such as opening or cracking of the outer package, specific noise vibration frequency, etc., and using this as the second signal parameter, the control unit 610 should issue a fire warning signal to remind "please evacuate urgently" and start the automatic fire extinguishing device.
  • step S60 when the smoke diffuses to the first detection device 20, the first detection device 20 will detect that a specific component such as H 2 , CO 2 and other flammable and explosive gases exceeds a certain amount. Concentration, and using this as the third signal parameter, the control unit 610 should issue an escape signal to remind "the fire is about to occur, please emergency escape”. Detecting the image, gas, sound, temperature, and surface stress of one or more of the battery cells 101 by the first detection device 20, the second detection device 30, the third detection device 40, and the fourth detection device 50 , Squeezing force and other signal information.
  • a specific component such as H 2 , CO 2 and other flammable and explosive gases exceeds a certain amount. Concentration, and using this as the third signal parameter, the control unit 610 should issue an escape signal to remind "the fire is about to occur, please emergency escape”. Detecting the image, gas, sound, temperature, and surface stress of one or more of the battery cells 101 by the first detection device 20, the second detection device 30, the third detection device 40, and the fourth detection
  • the first detection unit 620, the second detection unit 630, the third detection unit 640, and the fourth detection unit 650 transmit corresponding signal information to the control unit 610 of the battery management system 60,
  • the control unit 610 judges according to the corresponding signal information, determines whether to issue a fire warning signal and the type of the signal, and warns the driver, the passenger or the car to perform corresponding processing.
  • the first signal parameters are First image characteristic parameters of the plurality of battery cells 101 and surface temperature parameters of the plurality of battery cells 101.
  • the plurality of cameras 310 are respectively disposed on diagonal lines of each inner wall surface of the battery module housing 10 to monitor the plurality of battery cells 101 in all directions and collect the plurality of batteries. Images at different locations of cell 101.
  • the plurality of cameras 310 are used to capture images of changes in the plurality of battery cells 101, such as battery expansion, safety valve opening, outer packaging film rupture, and battery eruption.
  • the second detection unit 630 further identifies a change situation of the images of the plurality of battery cells 101 according to a grayscale difference of pictures.
  • Image processing according to the images of the plurality of battery cells 101 includes image preprocessing, image segmentation, feature value extraction, etc., converting image information of the images of the plurality of battery cells 101 into digital signals, and according to the image grayscale The change judges whether an air flow eruption or a change in the shape of the battery has occurred.
  • the gray value of an image is generally quantified into different gray levels.
  • the gray value of the collected image will change accordingly, which will be different from the normal battery cell.
  • the feature parameter is a gray value that changes in each image.
  • changes such as swelling and deformation of one or more of the battery cells 101, opening of the safety valve, cracking of the outer packaging film, and eruption of the eruption can be changed through gray in the acquired image
  • the degree value is reflected.
  • it may be compared with the gray value of the image of the battery cell in a normal state, and the part where the gray value changes in the collected image is a thermal runaway. position.
  • an image recognition algorithm using a neural network is used to obtain the first image feature parameters and the second image feature parameters.
  • An image recognition method is adopted when acquiring changes of the plurality of battery cells 101.
  • an image recognition method based on a neural network an image recognition method based on a wavelet moment, and the like are generally used.
  • Changes in the images of the plurality of battery cells 101 are further identified according to the grayscale difference of the pictures.
  • the control unit 610 issues a battery failure warning.
  • the control unit 610 warns the entire vehicle or powers off and does not output current for control.
  • the control unit 610 raises an alarm to the charger, and the charger stops charging.
  • the battery cell 101 erupts, there is a gaseous eruption around the safety valve 102, which causes a change in the gray value of the image around the safety valve 102.
  • the second detection unit 630 recognizes that the gray value has changed, the feedback is sent to the control unit 610, and the control unit 610 issues a fire warning.
  • the control unit 610 issues a fire warning.
  • the gray value of the area between the adjacent battery cells 101 changes, and is fed back to the control unit 610, and the control unit 610 issues a fire warning.
  • the control unit 610 issues a warning signal
  • the plurality of battery cells in the battery module case 10 are obtained according to the second detection device 30 and the third detection device 40.
  • the second signal parameter is a second image characteristic parameter of the plurality of battery cells 101 and a frequency characteristic and an amplitude characteristic of a sound wave.
  • the frequency distribution of the jet noise during the battery eruption is determined in the silent test room, and it is observed whether it is mainly low frequency, or medium and high frequency, and the proportion distribution of the three.
  • the low frequency is 30 to 300 kHz
  • the intermediate frequency is 300 to 3000 kHz
  • the high frequency is 3 to 30 MHz
  • the frequency range 30 to 300 MHz is very high frequency.
  • 300 ⁇ 1000MHz is UHF.
  • high-frequency signals change very quickly and have abrupt changes; low-frequency signals change slowly and the waveform is smooth.
  • the rate is faster at the beginning of the spray and gradually decreases, so the corresponding frequency does not change periodically.
  • the focus is on the frequency and amplitude distribution of the noise at the moment of battery eruption, so that the relevant signals can be captured and fire warnings issued in time when the battery has just emerged.
  • the battery cells in one battery module are split and only one of them is kept, and the battery module box containing only one battery cell is placed in a silent laboratory.
  • certain abuse methods such as electrical abuse, thermal abuse, mechanical abuse, etc.
  • the battery is ejected, and its frequency characteristics and amplitude characteristics are obtained through spectrum analysis.
  • the general target frequency characteristics and amplitude characteristics can be obtained during the battery eruption process, and the variation of the amplitude distribution with the injection process can be observed to obtain various possibilities for the target frequency characteristics and amplitude characteristics. Therefore, the characteristic frequency and characteristic amplitude during battery cell eruption are extracted as the basis for judging whether or not the battery has an appearance phenomenon, that is, the frequency characteristic and amplitude characteristic of the target acoustic wave.
  • the acquired frequency characteristic and amplitude characteristic corresponding to the acoustic wave are compared with the target frequency characteristic and target amplitude characteristic. If the acquired frequency characteristic and amplitude characteristic corresponding to the acoustic wave include the target frequency characteristic and the target amplitude characteristic, then It can be determined that one or more of the battery cells 101 have been sprayed, and a fire warning signal should be issued at this time. Otherwise, it is considered that no spraying phenomenon has occurred.

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Abstract

一种电池火灾预警系统（100），包括电池模组壳体（10）、至少一个第一检测装置（20）、至少一个第二检测装置（30）、至少一个第三检测装置（40）、多个第四检测装置（50）以及电池管理系统（60）。电池模组壳体（10）内设置有多个电池单体（101），每个电池单体（101）设置有一个安全阀（102）。第一检测装置（20）设置于电池模组壳体（10）内壁，且第一检测装置（20）与多个安全阀（102）相对设置，第二检测装置（30）设置于电池模组壳体（10）内壁，且第二检测装置（30）与多个安全阀（102）相对设置，第三检测装置（40）设置于电池模组壳体（10）内壁，且第三检测装置（40）与多个安全阀（102）相对设置，每个第四检测装置（50）设置于每个电池单体（101）表面。电池火灾预警系统（100）可以从图像、气体、声音、温度等多个角度实现对电池的火灾预警，避免了火灾误报或漏报问题。

Description

电池火灾预警系统及方法
相关申请
本申请要求2018年07月27日申请的，申请号为201810840864.2，名称为“电池火灾预警系统及方法”和2018年07月27日申请的，申请号为201810840708.6，名称为“电池火灾预警系统及方法”和2018年07月27日申请的，申请号为201810840443.X，名称为“电池火灾预警系统及方法”的中国专利申请的优先权，在此将其全文引入作为参考。
技术领域
本申请涉及锂离子电池安全领域，特别是涉及一种电池火灾预警系统及方法。
背景技术
近年来，电动汽车的市场份额稳步提升。锂离子电池具有高电压、高比能量、长循环寿命、对环境无污染等卓越性能，受到电动汽车产业的高度关注，并获得了一定应用。然而，锂离子电池热失控过程中会产生可燃混合气，如H 2、CO、CH 4等，并积聚在电池内部。在电池内部达到一定压力界限后，安全阀开启，可燃混合气随着电池喷发而释放到外界环境中。
由于电池高温表面以及火星温度远高于气态喷发物的着火温度，一旦喷发物喷射在空气中并与氧气接触，将极易出现着火现象，并引发火灾。电池喷发后高温可燃物与进入电池内部的空气接触后也很容易出现自燃现象。另外，即使电池喷发后的气态喷发物不出现着火现象，但如果逐渐积累到一定数量，也将可能会出现爆炸现象，其危害性将更大。目前的锂离子电池火灾预警方法及系统在对锂离子电池火灾预警时，可以检测的模式比较单一，无法全面地从多个角度对锂离子电池火灾预警，导致出现火灾误报或漏报现象，存在安全隐患。
申请内容
有鉴于此，本申请公开一种可以从多个角度实现对电池火灾预警的电池火灾预警系统及方法。
本申请公开一种电池火灾预警系统，包括电池模组壳体、至少一个第一检测装置、至少一个第二检测装置、至少一个第三检测装置、多个第四检测装置以及电池管理系统。所述电池模组壳体内设置有多个电池单体，每个所述电池单体设置有一个安全阀。所述第一检测装置设置于所述电池模组壳体内壁，且所述第一检测装置与多个所述安全阀相对设置，设置于检测所述电池单体即将或已经发生热失控时释放出的电解液或碳烟颗粒等。所述第二检测装置设置于所述电池模组壳体内壁，且所述第二检测装置与多个所述安全阀相对设置，设置于检测所述多个电池单体即将或已经发生热失控时的形状变化。所述第三检测装置设置于所述电池模组壳体内壁，且所述第三检测装置与多个所述安全阀相对设置，设置于采集所述多个电池单体即将或已经发生热失控时喷发过程中气流喷射所产生的声波。每个所述第四检测装置设置于每个所述电池单体表面或两个电池单体之间，设置于检测所述多个电池单体即将或已经发生热失控时电池单体表面温度、表面应变力或两个电池 单体之间的挤压力变化。所述第一检测装置与所述电池管理系统连接，所述第二检测装置与所述电池管理系统连接，所述第三检测装置与所述电池管理系统连接，所述多个第四检测装置与所述电池管理系统连接。
在其中一个实施例中，所述第一检测装置为烟雾传感器或气体传感器。
在其中一个实施例中，所述第二检测装置为摄影装置。
在其中一个实施例中，所述第三检测装置为声音采集装置。
在其中一个实施例中，所述第四检测装置器为温度传感器。
在其中一个实施例中，所述电池管理系统包括控制单元、第一检测单元、第二检测单元、第三检测单元以及第四检测单元。所述第一检测单元的输入端与所述第一检测装置连接，所述第一检测单元的输出端与所述控制单元连接。所述第二检测单元的输入端与所述第二检测装置连接，所述第二检测单元的输出端与所述控制单元连接。所述第三检测单元的输入端与所述第三检测装置连接，所述第三检测单元的输出端与所述控制单元连接。所述第四检测单元的输入端与所述多个第四检测装置连接，所述第四检测单元的输出端与所述控制单元连接。
在其中一个实施例中，所述电池管理系统还包括灭火装置，所述灭火装置与所述控制单元连接。
在其中一个实施例中，所述第二检测装置包括多个摄像头。所述多个摄像头设置于所述电池模组壳体内壁，且每个所述摄像头与所述电池管理系统连接。
在其中一个实施例中，每个所述摄像头设置于所述电池模组壳体的每个内壁表面的几何中心上，设置为准确定位所述多个电池单体的位置。
在其中一个实施例中，每个所述摄像头与所述第二检测单元的输入端连接，所述第二检测单元的输出端与所述控制单元连接。
在其中一个实施例中，所述多个摄像头为红外摄像机。
在其中一个实施例中，所述电池火灾预警系统还包括频谱分析装置。所述频谱分析装置的输入端与所述第三检测装置器连接，所述频谱分析装置的输出端与所述第三检测单元连接。
在其中一个实施例中，所述第三检测装置器包括多个噪声传感器，所述多个噪声传感器设置于所述电池模组壳体内壁，且每个所述噪声传感器与所述频谱分析装置的输入端连接。
在其中一个实施例中，每个所述噪声传感器设置于所述电池模组壳体的每个内壁表面的几何中心。
在其中一个实施例中，每个所述安全阀设置于每个所述电池单体的出气口，多个所述安全阀与所述电池模组壳体的内壁顶面相对。
在其中一个实施例中，所述噪声传感器设置于所述电池模组壳体的内壁侧面，且靠近所述内壁顶面设置。
在其中一个实施例中，所述噪声传感器设置于每个所述电池单体表面，且靠近所述安全阀设置。
在其中一个实施例中，一种电池火灾预警方法包括：根据第二检测装置与第四传感装置，获取电池模组壳体内的多个电池单体的第一信号参数；根据所述第一信号参数，所述控制单元发出警示信号；当所述控制单元发出警示信号，根据所述第二检测装置与第三检 测装置，获取所述电池模组壳体内的所述多个电池单体的第二信号参数；根据所述第二信号参数，所述控制单元发出火灾预警信号；当所述控制单元发出火灾预警信号，根据第一检测装置，获取所述电池模组壳体内的所述多个电池单体的第三信号参数；以及根据所述第三信号参数，所述控制单元逃生信号。
在其中一个实施例中，在根据第二检测装置与第四传感装置获取电池模组壳体内的多个电池单体的第一信号参数的步骤中，所述第一信号参数为所述多个电池单体的第一图像特征参数与所述多个电池单体的表面温度参数。
在其中一个实施例中，在当所述控制单元发出警示信号，根据所述第二检测装置与第三检测装置，获取所述电池模组壳体内的所述多个电池单体的第二信号参数的步骤中，所述第二信号参数为所述多个电池单体的第二图像特征参数以及声波的频率特性与振幅特性。
本申请提供一种所述电池火灾预警系统。所述第一检测装置用以检测所述电池单体热失控时释放出的电解液或碳烟颗粒等。所述第二检测装置用以检测所述多个电池单体即将或已经发生热失控时的形状变化。所述第三检测装置用以检测所述多个电池单体即将或已经发生热失控时电池喷发过程中气流喷射引起的噪声的振动频率。每个所述第四检测装置用以检测每个所述电池单体表面的温度或表面应变力或相邻两个所述电池单体之间的挤压力变化。同时，所述第一检测装置、所述第二检测装置、所述第三检测装置以及所述第四检测装置将采集的所述多个电池单体即将或已经发生热失控时的信号传输至所述电池管理系统。从而，所述电池管理系统发出火灾预警信号或启动火灾预警装置。
所述第一检测装置、所述第二检测装置、所述第三检测装置以及所述第四检测装置为不同类型的检测器，可以从不同的方面对即将或已经发生热失控时的所述电池模组壳体中的所述多个电池单体进行检测。所述电池火灾预警系统可以从图像、气体、声音、温度、挤压力等多个角度实现对电池的火灾预警，避免了火灾误报或漏报现象，提高了电池在火灾预警方面的安全性，避免了生命以及财产的损失。
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为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本申请的实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据公开的附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本申请提供的电池火灾预警系统的原理结构示意图；
图2为本申请提供的电池火灾预警系统结构的摄像头安装示意图；
图3为本申请提供的电池火灾预警系统结构的摄像头具体结构示意图；
图4为本申请提供的电池火灾预警系统结构的一个实施例中摄像头的安装结构示意图；
图5为本申请提供的电池火灾预警系统结构的一个实施例中摄像头的安装结构的俯视结构示意图；
图6为本申请提供的电池火灾预警系统结构的一个实施例中摄像头的安装结构的侧视结构示意图；
图7为本申请提供的电池火灾预警系统结构的一个实施例中摄像头的安装结构的俯视 结构示意图；
图8为本申请提供的电池火灾预警系统结构的噪声传感器安装示意图；
图9为本申请提供的电池火灾预警系统结构的噪声传感器的具体结构示意图；
图10为本申请提供的电池火灾预警系统结构的一个实施例中噪声传感器的安装结构的侧面示意图；
图11为本申请提供的电池火灾预警系统结构的一个实施例中噪声传感器的安装结构示意图；
图12为本申请提供的电池火灾预警系统结构的一个实施例中噪声传感器的安装结构示意图；
图13为本申请提供的电池火灾预警系统结构的一个实施例中噪声传感器的安装结构的俯视结构示意图；
图14为本申请提供的电池火灾预警系统结构的一个实施例中噪声传感器的安装结构的侧视结构示意图；
图15为本申请提供的电池火灾预警系统结构的一个实施例中噪声传感器的安装结构的俯视结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本申请保护的范围。
为了使本申请的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下通过实施例，并结合附图，对本申请进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅用以解释本申请，并不用于限定本申请。
请参见图1，本申请公开一种电池火灾预警系统100，包括电池模组壳体10、至少一个第一检测装置20、至少一个第二检测装置30、至少一个第三检测装置40、多个第四检测50以及电池管理系统60。所述电池模组壳体10内设置有多个电池单体101，每个所述电池单体101设置有一个安全阀102。所述第一检测装置20设置于所述电池模组壳体10内壁，且所述第一检测装置20与多个所述安全阀102相对设置，所述第二检测装置30设置于所述电池模组壳体10内壁，且所述第二检测装置30与多个所述安全阀102相对设置，所述第三检测装置40设置于所述电池模组壳体10内壁，且所述第三检测装置40与多个所述安全阀102相对设置，每个所述第四检测装置50设置于每个所述电池单体101表面。所述第一检测装置20与所述电池管理系统60连接，所述第二检测装置30与所述电池管理系统60连接，所述第三检测装置40与所述电池管理系统60连接，所述多个第四检测装置50与所述电池管理系统60连接。
所述第一检测装置20用以检测所述电池单体101热失控时释放出的电解液或碳烟颗粒等。所述第二检测装置30用以检测所述多个电池单体101即将或已经发生热失控时的形状变化。所述第三检测装置40用以检测所述多个电池单体101即将或已经发生热失控时电池喷发过程中气流喷射引起的噪声的振动频率。每个所述第四检测装置50用以检测每个所述电池单体101表面的温度或相邻两个所述电池单体101之间的压力变化。同时，所 述第一检测装置20、所述第二检测装置30、所述第三检测装置40以及所述第四检测装置50将采集的所述多个电池单体101即将或已经发生热失控时的信号传输至所述电池管理系统60。从而，所述电池管理系统60发出火灾预警信号或启动火灾预警装置。
所述第一检测装置20、所述第二检测装置30、所述第三检测装置40以及所述第四检测装置50为不同类型的检测器，可以从不同的方面对即将或已经发生热失控时的所述电池模组壳体10中的所述多个电池单体101进行检测。所述电池火灾预警系统100可以从图像、气体、声音、温度、挤压力等多个角度实现对电池的火灾预警，避免了火灾误报或漏报现象，提高了电池在火灾预警方面的安全性，避免了生命以及财产的损失。所述电池管理系统60(BATTERY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM，BMS)为了能够提高电池的利用率，防止电池出现过度充电和过度放电。电池管理系统具有准确估测动力电池组的荷电状态、动态监测以及电池间的均衡。
在电池充放电过程中，实时采集电动汽车蓄电池组中的每个所述电池单体101的端电压和温度、充放电电流及电池包总电压，防止电池发生过充电或过放电现象。同时能够及时给出每个所述电池单体101状况，挑选出有问题的电池，保持整组电池运行的可靠性和高效性，使剩余电量估计模型的实现成为可能。
在一个实施例中，所述第一检测装置20、所述第二检测装置30、所述第三检测装置40以及所述第四检测装置50的个数不做限制，可以为一个或多个。并且，所述第一检测装置20、所述第二检测装置30、所述第三检测装置40以及所述第四检测装置50的设置位置也可以放在所述电池模组壳体10内壁的其他位置，方便检测即可。
在一个实施例中，所述第一检测装置20为烟雾传感器或气体传感器。所述第一检测装置20可以为离子式烟雾传感器、光电式烟雾传感器、气敏式烟雾传感器等。
当所述电池模组壳体10中的一个或多个所述电池单体101即将或已经发生热失控时，喷发物在所述电池单体101内部积聚到一定压力并超过硬壳、所述电池单体101的所述安全阀102或软包的压力限值时，便会喷发至所述电池单体101的外部。此时，所述第一检测装置20为烟雾传感器。所述第一检测装置20通过监测烟雾的浓度来实现火灾防范的，被广泛运用到各种消防报警系统中，性能远优于气敏电阻类的火灾报警器。所述第一检测装置20主要用来采集所述电池单体101释放出的电解液或碳烟颗粒。所述第一检测装置20与所述电池管理系统60连接，当所述第一检测装置20检测到所述电池单体101释放出的电解液或碳烟颗粒时，便将采集的关于所述电池单体101的即将或已经发生热失控时喷发物的信号传输至所述电池管理系统60。从而，所述电池管理系统60发出火灾预警信号。
在一个实施例中，所述第一检测装置20为烟度计。
在一个实施例中，所述第一检测装置20放置在所述多个电池单体101的所述安全阀102正上方、或电池模组壳体10、或电池包箱体通风口处。可以根据实际需求过程中，放置一个或多个所述第一检测装置20。当所述第一检测装置20采集到所述电池单体101释放出的电解液、碳烟颗粒、H 2、CO和CH 4等混合烟气的组成，就会传输至所述电池管理系统60，进而所述电池管理系统60发出火灾预警信号。
在一个实施例中，所述第二检测装置30为摄影装置。当由于热滥用、机械滥用、电滥用等不同滥用方式造成一个或多个所述电池单体101形状发生如膨胀、安全阀开启、破裂等变化时，所述第二检测装置30可以通过摄影装置获取所述电池模组壳体10中的一个或多个所述电池单体101形状的图像。通过所述第二检测装置30机拍摄图片，并将图片信 息传输至所述电池管理系统60。所述第二检测装置30只要拍摄范围能覆盖一个所述电池模组壳体10内的所有的所述电池单体101的所述安全阀102所在范围即可。
在一个实施例中，所述电池模组壳体10内可以放置一个或多个红外摄像机镜头。由于所述电池模组壳体10内是密封的，光线不足，故可采用红外摄像机。
在一个实施例中，所述第二检测装置30位置可以在所述多个所述电池单体101的安全阀正上方。或者，每个所述第二检测装置30可以对应一个所述电池单体101。所述电池管理系统60根据所述电池管理系统60拍摄的图片的灰阶差做进一步识别处理，并与正常的所述电池单体101的形状进行对比，若发生形状变化，则所述电池管理系统60发出火灾预警信号。
在一个实施例中，所述第三检测装置40为声音采集装置。当所述电池模组壳体10中的一个或多个所述电池单体101发生热失控时，一个或多个所述电池单体101会喷发颗粒物或气体混合物。在所述电池单体101喷发过程中，气流与出口、周围的空气等之间的摩擦引起振动，产生噪声，该噪声伴随着独特的频率，且该频率与气流的喷射速度密切相关。因此，通过所述声音采集装置可以采集喷发所引发的独特的振动频率，判断是否发生了所述电池单体101喷发现象，并将振动频率的相关参数传送至所述电池管理系统60，从而所述电池管理系统60发出火灾预警信号。
在电池喷发过程中，气流与出口处壁面、周围空气等相互摩擦和碰撞而引起振动，进而引起空气振动而发出声音。其中，产生的声音与气流的喷射压力、喷射速度、喷口形状、箱体结构等密切相关，具有区别于其他声音独特的特征。通过所述声音采集装置采集所述电池单体101喷发过程中发出的声波，将声波信号传输至所述电池管理系统60。从而，所述电池管理系统60对采集到的声波进行傅里叶变换，并对噪声数据进行筛选、剔除等步骤，将复杂信号分离或解调为频率和幅值不同的正弦波，并获得声波的频率特性和振幅特性。所述电池管理系统60将采集声波的频率特性和振幅特性与目标声波的频率特性和振幅特性进行比对。如果采集到的声波的频率和振幅出现目标声波的频率分布和振幅分布，则可认为出现了所述电池单体101的喷发现象，此时所述电池管理系统60发出火灾警报。
在一个实施例中，所述第三检测装置40的个数可以为一个或多个，所述第三检测装置40设置于所述多个电池单体101的所述安全阀102的上方即可。
在一个实施例中，所述第四检测装置50为温度传感器。当所述电池模组壳体10中的一个或多个所述电池单体101即将发生或已经发生热失控时，所述电池单体101表面的温度将会急剧升高，且往往伴随着电池单体101外壳膨胀现象。通过所述第四检测装置50可以识别所述电池单体101的表面温度。通过所述第四检测装置50采集的信号数据传输至所述电池管理系统60，进而通过所述电池管理系统60判断电池热失控状态。
在一个实施例中，所述第四检测装置50为应变式传感器。当所述电池模组壳体10中的一个或多个所述电池单体101即将发生或已经发生热失控时，所述电池单体101往往伴随着外壳膨胀现象，此时可以通过应变式传感器检测所述电池单体101表面应力的变化。通过所述第四检测装置50采集的信号数据传输至所述电池管理系统60，进而通过所述电池管理系统60判断电池热失控状态。
在一个实施例中，所述第四检测装置50为挤压力传感器。当所述电池模组壳体10中的一个或多个所述电池单体101即将发生或已经发生热失控时，所述电池单体101往往伴随着外壳膨胀现象，此时可以通过触力传感器检测相邻两个所述电池单体101之间的挤压 应力的变化。通过所述第四检测装置50采集的信号数据传输至所述电池管理系统60，进而通过所述电池管理系统60发出火灾预警信号。
在一个实施例中，所述电池管理系统60包括控制单元610、第一检测单元620、第二检测单元630、第三检测单元640以及第四检测单元650。所述第一检测单元620的输入端与所述第一检测装置20连接，所述第一检测单元620的输出端与所述控制单元610连接。所述第二检测单元630的输入端与所述第二检测装置30连接，所述第二检测单元630的输出端与所述控制单元610连接。所述第三检测单元640的输入端与所述第三检测装置40连接，所述第三检测单元640的输出端与所述控制单元610连接。所述第四检测单元650的输入端与所述多个第四检测装置50连接，所述第四检测单元650的输出端与所述控制单元610连接。
所述电池模组壳体10内含有大量甚至多达上千个所述电池单体101。所述第一检测单元620的输入端与所述第一检测装置20连接，所述第一检测单元620的输出端与所述控制单元610连接。所述第一检测装置20可以检测到所述电池单体101出现的喷发现象，采集所述电池单体101释放出的电解液或碳烟颗粒的浓度，并将信号信息传输至所述第一检测单元620，所述第一检测单元620对所述电池单体101释放出的烟雾信号进行分析，并通过所述控制单元610发出火灾预警信号。
所述第二检测单元630的输入端与所述第二检测装置30连接，所述第二检测单元630的输出端与所述控制单元610连接。通过所述第二检测装置30可以快速、准确并全面捕捉到每一个所述电池单体101的图像变化。所述第二检测装置30采用工业相机拍摄图片，然后所述第二检测单元630利用软件根据图片灰阶差做处理后识别出有用信息。所述第二检测单元630通过对所述第二检测装置30拍摄的所述电池单体101的图像进行图像分析，并与正常所述电池单体101进行对比。所述第二检测单元630将图像分析结果传输至所述控制单元610，当一个或多个所述电池单体101形状发生变化时，所述控制单元610发出火灾预警信号。
所述第三检测单元640的输入端与所述第三检测装置40连接，所述第三检测单元640的输出端与所述控制单元610连接。所述第三检测装置40是基于所述电池单体101喷发过程中所出现的特定的振动频率。所述第三检测单元640通过对所述第三检测装置40采集到的气流与出口、周围的空气等直接的摩擦引起的振动，产生声音，声音伴随着独特的频率进行分析。当一个或多个所述电池单体101发生热失控时，所述控制单元610发出火灾预警信号。
所述第四检测单元650的输入端与所述多个第四检测装置50连接，所述第四检测单元650的输出端与所述控制单元610连接。每个所述第四检测装置50可以检测每个所述电池单体101表面的温度，或者设置于相邻所述第四检测装置50之间的所述第四检测装置50可以检测相邻两个所述电池单体101之间由于热失控造成的压力变化。当一个或多个所述电池单体101发生热失控时，所述多个第四检测装置50采集的信号信息传输至所述第四检测单元650，所述述控制单元610发出火灾预警信号。
通过至少一个所述第一检测装置20、至少一个所述第二检测装置30、至少一个所述第三检测装置40、所述多个第四检测装置50可以从多个角度对所述电池模组壳体10内的所述多个电池单体101进行实时监控，避免了单独采用一种检测器造成的火灾误报或漏报现象，提高了所述电池火灾预警系统100的安全性，且降低了所述电池火灾预警系统100的 成本。
在一个实施例中，所述电池火灾预警系统100还包括灭火装置70。所述灭火装置70与所述控制单元610连接。
在一个实施例中，当一个或多个所述电池单体101即将或已经发生热失控时，通过所述第一检测单元620、所述第二检测单元630、所述第三检测单元640以及所述第四检测单元650采集分析信号信息，并将分析结果传输至所述控制单元610，所述控制单元610发出火灾预警信号。当所述灭火装置70与所述控制单元610连接，所述控制单元610发出火灾预警信号，控制所述灭火装置70灭火。在行车情况，所述控制单元610向汽车报警，汽车可以控制断电，此时所述电池单体101就不会有电流输出，此时可以及时控制危险。在充电过程中，所述控制单元610向充电机提出火灾报警信号，此时充电机停止充电，所述电池管理系统60本身也可以切断电流。
在一个实施例中，所述控制单元610发出火灾预警信号，可以给驾驶员提醒，驾驶员手动灭火，或者通过所述控制单元610可以发出火灾预警信号，让驾驶员和乘客赶紧远离汽车。
所述第二检测器装置30为摄影装置，可以获得所述多个电池单体101的影像信息。同时，利用光学摄影机获取的图片经过处理可以获取所述多个电池单体101的形状、大小、位置、特性及其相互关系，能够及时定位即将或已经发生热失控的一个或多个所述电池单体101。通过所述摄影装置20捕捉所述多个电池单体101出现变化的图像，如一个或多个所述电池单体101膨胀、安全阀开启、外包装膜破裂、所述电池单体101喷发等现象。
所述第二检测单元630与所述摄影装置连接，通过图像预处理、图像分割、特征值提取等，识别一个或多个所述电池单体101的变化情况，并将所述多个所述电池单体101图像信息转换成数字信号。所述摄影装置可以快速、准确识别电池是否出现喷发现象。此时，所述电池管理系统60根据表征电池膨胀、安全阀开启、外包装破裂、电池喷发等现象的数字信号与所述电池单体101出现热失控、火灾等现象之间的关系判断是否发出火灾早期预警信号。所述电池管理系统60发出火灾早期预警信号，使得驾驶人员或者汽车本身的灭火装置做出相应解救措施，提高电池使用过程中的安全性。
请参见图2-3，在一个实施例中，所述第二检测装置30包括多个摄像头310。所述多个摄像头310设置于所述电池模组壳体10内壁，且每个所述摄像头310与所述电池管理系统60连接。
所述电池管理系统60为了能够提高电池的利用率，防止电池出现过度充电和过度放电。电池管理系统具有准确估测动力电池组的荷电状态、动态监测以及电池间的均衡。在电池充放电过程中，实时采集电动汽车蓄电池组中的每块电池的端电压和温度、充放电电流及电池包的总电压，防止电池发生过充电或过放电现象。同时能够及时给出电池状况，挑选出有问题的电池，保持整组电池运行的可靠性和高效性，使剩余电量估计模型的实现成为可能。
在一个实施例中，每个所述摄像头310设置于所述电池模组壳体10的每个内壁表面的几何中心上，设置为准确定位所述多个电池单体101的位置。所述电池模组壳体10的形状不做限制，可以为长方体、正方体、圆柱体等形状，将每个所述摄像头310设置于所述电池模组壳体10的每个内壁表面的几何中心上，并利用光学摄影机获取的像片，经过处理以获取被摄所述多个电池单体101的形状、大小、位置、特性及其相互关系。将每个 所述摄像头310设置于所述电池模组壳体10的每个内壁表面的对角线上，可以从全方位定位，全面捕捉一个或多个所述电池单体101的所述安全阀102以及电池池身的变化状况，并与正常电池单体进行对比，可以明显的观测出发生变化的一个或多个所述电池单体101。
每个所述摄像头310设置于所述电池模组壳体10的每个内壁表面的几何中心上，几何定位确定被摄物体的大小、形状和空间位置。在定位过程中，可以根据两个已知的摄影站点和两条已知的摄影方向线，交会出构成这两条摄影光线的待定地面点的三维坐标。在对采集到的所述多个电池单体101的图像进行处理时，可以采用V-STARS软件处理，将采集好的图片来得到待测点的三维坐标。通过在不同的位置和方向，进行图像匹配等处理及相关数学计算后得到待测点精确的三维坐标。通过所述电池管理系统30也可以将位置的三维数据输出，同时在所述多个电池单体101上粘有回光反射标志，或者是通过投点器投射上点，或者是探测棒上的点，从而可以具体定位到发生变化的所述电池单体101在所述电池模组壳体10内的具体位置，以及所述电池单体101上发生变化的具体部位。
在一个实施例中，每个所述摄像头310与所述第二检测单元630的输入端连接，所述第二检测单元630的输出端与所述控制单元610连接。所述多个摄像头310拍摄所述多个电池单体101的图像，并将信号通过线束传输至所述第二检测单元630。所述第二检测单元630根据图片灰阶差做进一步识别处理。当其中一个或多个所述电池单体101即将或已经发生热失控时，喷发物在所述电池单体101内部积聚到一定压力电池外包装会发生膨胀变形，且软包电池更加明显。当所述电池单体101内部气体压力超过硬壳电池单体安全阀或软包的压力限值时，便会喷发至所述电池单体101外部，引发电池喷发处所述电池单体101外表面发生明显变化，如安全阀开启、外包装膜出现破裂等。
膨胀变形、安全阀开启、外包装膜破裂、喷发物喷发等此现象可以明显地在图像上显示出来，并及时反馈至所述第二检测单元630。所述第二检测单元630进行图像处理，将图像信息转换成数字信号，并反馈至所述控制单元610，所述控制单元610以此信号作为发出火灾预警信号的依据。在图像识别过程中，膨胀变形、安全阀开启、外包装膜破裂、喷发物喷发等此现象通过图像像素的灰度、形状等特征值体现。同时，通过分析俯视所述安全阀102方向拍摄的图片信息，可以通过像素灰度的变化识别电池出现喷发现象的具体位置，快速识别电池早期热失控、喷发等现象。
在一个实施例中，所述多个摄像头310为红外摄像机，具有高精度、非接触测量、无需接触、测量速度快、可以在不稳定的环境中测量、适合狭小空间的测量、数据率高、方便获取大量数据、适应性好以及便携性好等优点。所述多个摄像头310的种类可以不同。
在一个实施例中，每个所述电池单体101设置有一个安全阀102。所述安全阀102设置于所述电池单体101的出气口处。对于硬壳电池，如圆柱形和方形电池，其一般安装有所述安全阀102且所述电池单体101即将或已经发生热失控而出现喷发现象时，气流的喷射位置往往是经过所述安全阀102喷射出来的。考虑到喷发位置固定，且气流分布在所述安全阀102上方，故通过监控所述安全阀102上方区域的灰度值变化就可以判断是否出现喷发现象。因此，由于所述安全阀102上方有气流和无气流时的灰度值是不同的，所以在所述电池模组壳体10内壁上方对角线相交点安装所述摄影装置，且将所述摄影装置与多个所述安全阀102相对设置，用以实时监测。
所述多个摄像头310分别与所述电池管理系统60连接，可以从多个角度进行拍摄，能够快速准确实现对大量锂离子电池火灾预警，并且可以具体定位到出现变化的一个或多 个所述电池单体101。当一个或多个所述电池单体101出现喷发现象时，硬壳电池的所述安全阀102及软包电池外包装限压值较低处往往是气态喷发物从电池内部喷出的位置。因此，需要在俯视所述安全阀102的位置根据需要安装一个或多个所述摄像头310，以全面捕捉关键部位的图像信息。另外，也可以根据需要在所述电池模组壳体10的不同位置安装所述摄像头310，以全方位的捕捉电池膨胀变形的图像信息。通过所述多个摄像头310可以用于大量所述电池单体101的火灾预警，例如可以将所述多个摄像头310设置于电池箱体内的不同位置，结构简单，也比较容易实现。
请参见图4，在一个实施例中，所述摄像头310设置于所述电池模组壳体10的内壁侧面104，且靠近所述内壁顶面103设置，用以可以实时监测到所述安全阀102的变化。
在所述电池模组壳体10内的多个所述电池单体101往往是并排设置的。在所述安全阀102的中心可以连接成一条直线，通过该直线做一个平面a，所述平面a和所述安全阀102所在表面平行，所述安全阀102所在表面和靠近所述安全阀102的所述电池模组壳体10内壁表面组成一个封闭的长方体或六面体。其中，四个面b和平面a垂直，每个面b属于所述内壁侧面104的一部分，平面a与所述内壁顶面103平行，且有一定的距离。其中，平面a是为了更好的确认所述安全阀102安装位置设置的虚拟平面。所述摄像头310可以在一个平面b的中心处安装一个所述摄像头310，也可以在相邻的两个面b的中心处各安装一个所述摄像头310，即相对的两个面b中只在其中一个面b上安装一个所述摄像头310即可。
请参见图5，在一个实施例中，每个所述电池单体101设置有安全阀102，多个所述安全阀102与所述电池模组壳体10的所述内壁顶面103相对，所述摄像头310设置于多个所述安全阀102的中心点连线所在平面与所述内壁顶面103的垂直面交线上。当多个所述安全阀102的中心点连线所在平面与所述内壁顶面103垂直，此时，垂直面与所述内壁顶面103存在一条相交直线，将所述摄像头310设置于所述相交线处，可以以最准确的位置对多个所述安全阀102监测，并且可以准确进行定位，确认将发生或已经发生热失控的一个或多个所述电池单体101。所述安全阀102的中心点可以连接成一条线，如图6中虚线位置处。当俯视图中所述摄像头310安装位置在虚线位置处时，不仅可以判断是否发生了喷发现象，而且可以定位出现喷发现象的所述电池单体101所在的位置。
请参见图6-7，在一个实施例中，所述摄像头310设置于所述电池模组壳体10的所述内壁顶面103的顶角位置。
进一步地，为了降低成本，所述摄像头310安装位置在所述电池模组壳体10的顶角处。此时所述电池单体101上方与最近的所述电池模组壳体10的壁面应保持一定的距离，以确保摄像头可以全面捕捉所有所述电池单体101的所述安全阀102。所示位置仅需一个摄像头，且可以准备捕捉是否发生了电池喷发现象以及发生喷发现象的所述电池单体101的位置。
在一个实施例中，所述电池火灾预警系统还包括频谱分析装置450。所述频谱分析装置450的输入端与所述第三检测装置器40连接，所述频谱分析装置450的输出端与所述第三检测单元640连接。
在电池喷发过程中，气流与出口处壁面、周围空气等相互摩擦和碰撞而引起振动，进而引起空气振动而发出声音。其中，产生的声音与气流的喷射压力、喷射速度、喷口形状、箱体结构等密切相关，具有区别于其他声音独特的特征。通过所述声音采集装置采集所述 电池单体101喷发过程中发出的声波，将声波信号传输至所述频谱分析装置450。从而，所述频谱分析装置450对采集到的声波进行傅里叶变换，并对噪声数据进行筛选、剔除等步骤，将复杂信号分离或解调为频率和幅值不同的正弦波，并将检测到声波的频率特性和振幅特性输送至所述第三检测单元640。所述第三检测单元640将采集声波的频率特性和振幅特性与目标声波的频率特性和振幅特性进行比对。如果采集到的声波的频率和振幅出现目标声波的频率分布和振幅分布，则可认为出现了所述电池单体101的喷发现象，此时所述控制单元610发出火灾警报。
在一个实施例中，所述频谱分析装置450为频谱分析仪。
请参见图8-9，在一个实施例中，所述第三检测装置器40包括多个噪声传感器421，设置于所述电池模组壳体10内壁，且每个所述噪声传感器421与所述频谱分析装置450的输入端连接。
所述噪声传感器421内置一个对声音敏感的电容式驻极体话筒，采集到的声波使话筒内的驻极体薄膜振动，导致电容的变化，而产生与之对应变化的微小电压，从而实现声音信号到电信号的变换。声音作为波的一种，频率和振幅就成了描述声波的重要属性。振幅越大响度越大，频率越高音调越高。声音的另一个特征是音色，指不同的声音的频率表现在波形方面总是有与众不同的特性。不同的发声体由于其材料、结构不同，则发出的声音的音色也不同。通过在所述电池模组壳体10内壁设置多个所述噪声传感器421，可以从不同方位进行监测，避免了漏检的现象。
在一个实施例中，每个所述噪声传感器421设置于所述电池模组壳体10的每个内壁表面的几何中心。所述电池模组壳体10的形状不做限制，可以为长方体、正方体、圆柱体等形状，将每个所述噪声传感器421设置于所述电池模组壳体10的每个内壁表面的几何中心上，可以从全方位全面捕捉一个或多个所述电池单体101喷发过程中发出的声波。
请参见图10-11，在一个实施例中，所述噪声传感器421设置于所述电池模组壳体10的内壁侧面104，且靠近所述内壁顶面103设置。在所述电池模组壳体10内的多个所述电池单体101往往是并排设置的。在所述安全阀102的中心可以连接成一条直线，通过该直线做一个平面a，所述平面a和所述安全阀102所在表面平行，所述安全阀102所在表面和靠近所述安全阀102的所述电池模组壳体10内壁表面组成一个封闭的长方体或六面体。其中，四个面b和平面a垂直，每个面b属于所述内壁侧面104的一部分，平面a与所述内壁顶面103平行，且有一定的距离。其中，平面a是为了更好的确认所述安全阀102安装位置设置的虚拟平面。在一个平面b的中心处安装一个所述噪声传感器421，也可以在相邻的两个面b的中心处各安装一个所述噪声传感器421，即相对的两个面b中只在其中一个面b上安装一个所述噪声传感器421即可。
请参见图12，在一个实施例中，所述噪声传感器421设置于每个所述电池单体101表面，且靠近所述安全阀102设置。
请参见图13，在一个实施例中，每个所述安全阀102设置于每个所述电池单体101的出气口，多个所述安全阀102与所述电池模组壳体10的内壁顶面103相对。
在一个实施例中，所述噪声传感器421设置于多个所述安全阀102的中心点连线所在平面与所述内壁顶面103的垂直面交线上。当多个所述安全阀102的中心点连线所在平面与所述内壁顶面103垂直，此时，垂直面与所述内壁顶面103存在一条相交直线，将所述噪声传感器421设置于所述相交线处，可以对多个所述安全阀102监测。所述安全阀102 的中心点可以连接成一条线。
请参见图14-15，在一个实施例中，所述噪声传感器421设置于所述电池模组壳体10的所述内壁顶面103的顶角位置。进一步地，为了降低成本，所述噪声传感器421安装位置在所述电池模组壳体10的顶角处。在电池喷发过程中，气流从一个或多个所述电池单体101内部喷发至电池外部过程中而产生喷气噪声，其原因是气流与出口处壁面、周围空气等相互摩擦和碰撞而引起振动，进而引起空气振动而发出声音。通过所述声音采集装置采集所述电池单体101喷发过程中发出的声波，将声波信号传输至所述频谱分析装置450。从而，所述频谱分析装置450对采集到的声波进行傅里叶变换，并对噪声数据进行筛选、剔除等步骤，将复杂信号分离或解调为频率和幅值不同的正弦波，并将检测到声波的频率特性和振幅特性输送至所述第三检测单元640。所述第三检测单元640将采集声波的频率特性和振幅特性与目标声波的频率特性和振幅特性进行比对。如果采集到的声波的频率和振幅出现目标声波的频率分布和振幅分布，则可认为出现了所述电池单体101的喷发现象，此时所述控制单元610发出火灾警报。
在一个实施例中，一种电池火灾预警方法，可以应用于上述所述的电池火灾预警系统100。所述电池火灾预警方法包括：
S10，根据第二检测装置30与第四传感器50，获取电池模组壳体10内的多个电池单体101的第一信号参数；
S20，根据所述第一信号参数，所述控制单元610发出警示信号；
S30，当所述控制单元610发出警示信号，根据所述第二检测装置30与第三检测装置40，获取所述电池模组壳体10内的所述多个电池单体101的第二信号参数；
S40，根据所述第二信号参数，所述控制单元610发出火灾预警信号；
S50，当所述控制单元610发出火灾预警信号，根据第一检测装置20，获取所述电池模组壳体10内的所述多个电池单体101的第三信号参数；以及
S60，根据所述第三信号参数，所述控制单元610发出逃生信号。
在所述步骤S20中，由于所述第二检测装置30与所述第四检测装置50可以在一个或多个所述电池单体101出现喷发现象之前检测到相应的信号，故将所述第二检测装置30与所述第四检测装置50并行作为第一信号，即当一个或多个所述电池单体101未出现喷发现象，但一个或多个所述电池单体101出现膨胀变形、温度升高、相邻所述单体101之间挤压力升高且超过一定限值时，所述控制单元610应发出警示信号，提醒“电池需要检修”。
在所述步骤S40中，当一个或多个所述电池单体101出现喷发现象时，所述第二检测装置30与所述第三检测装置40将会首先检测到对应的所述安全阀102开启或外包装破裂、特定的噪声振动频率等信号，并将此作为所述第二信号参数，所述控制单元610应发出火灾预警信号，提醒“请紧急撤离”，并启动自动灭火装置。
在所述步骤S60中，随后当烟气扩散至所述第一检测装置20处，所述第一检测装置20将会检测到特定组分如H 2、CO 2等易燃易爆气体超过一定浓度，并将此作为所述第三信号参数，所述控制单元610应发出逃生信号，提醒“即将发生火灾，请紧急逃生”。通过所述第一检测装置20、所述第二检测装置30、第三检测装置40以及第四检测装置50检测一个或多个所述电池单体101的图像、气体、声音、温度、表面应力、挤压力等信号信息。所述第一检测单元620、所述第二检测单元630、所述第三检测单元640以及所述第 四检测单元650将对应信号信息传输至所述电池管理系统60的所述控制单元610，所述控制单元610根据相应的信号信息进行判断，判断是否发出火灾预警信号及信号的种类，警示驾驶员、乘客或汽车做出相应的处理。
在一个实施例中，在根据第二检测装置30与第四检测装置50获取电池模组壳体10内的多个电池单体101的第一信号参数的步骤中，所述第一信号参数为所述多个电池单体101的第一图像特征参数与所述多个电池单体101的表面温度参数。
所述多个摄像头310分别设置于所述电池模组壳体10的每个内壁表面的对角线上，用以全方位对所述多个电池单体101进行监测，采集所述多个电池单体101不同位置处的图像。通过所述多个摄像头310捕捉所述多个电池单体101出现变化的图像，如电池膨胀、安全阀开启、外包装膜破裂、电池喷发等。所述第二检测单元630根据图片灰阶差进一步识别所述多个电池单体101的图像的变化情况。根据所述多个电池单体101的图像进行图像处理包括图像预处理、图像分割、特征值提取等，将所述多个电池单体101图像的图像信息转换成数字信号，并根据图像灰度变化判断是否出现了气流喷发或电池形状的变化。
其中，根据图片灰阶差做处理后识别出有用信息。图像的灰度值一般被量化为不同的灰度级别，当一个或或多个所述电池单体101发生变化时，采集到的图像灰度值会发生相应的改变，进而与正常电池单体的图像灰度值对比，即可获取发生热失控的所述电池单体101的位置以及个数等信息。所述特征参数为每张图像中发生变化的灰度值。当所述电池单体101喷发时，所述电池单体101的图像中对应的灰度值会在所述电池单体101相应部位发生变化。当所述电池单体101发生膨胀时，所述电池单体101之间区域的灰度值会发生改变。通过所述多个电池单体101的图像，可以将一个或多个所述电池单体101发生膨胀变形、安全阀开启、外包装膜破裂、喷发物喷发等变化在采集到的图像中通过灰度值反应出来。在对比一个或多个所述电池单体101发生变化时，可以采用与正常状态下的电池单体的图像灰度值进行对比，采集到的图像中灰度值发生变化的部位即热失控发生位置。
在一个实施例中，获取所述第一图像特征参数与所述第二图像特征参数时采用神经网络的图像识别算法。获取所述多个电池单体101变化时采用图像识别方法，一般采用基于神经网络的图像识别方法、基于小波矩的图像识别方法等。
根据图片灰阶差进一步识别所述多个电池单体101的图像的变化情况。当一个或多个所述电池单体101发生膨胀时，相邻所述电池单体101之间区域的灰度值发生变化，反馈至所述控制单元610。所述控制单元610发出电池故障预警。当处于行驶状态时，所述控制单元610向整车报警，或者断电，不输出电流来控制。当在充电状态时，所述控制单元610向充电机提出报警，充电机停止充电。当所述电池单体101喷发时，所述安全阀102周围会存在气态喷发物，从而导致所述安全阀102周围处的图像灰度值发生变化。此时当所述第二检测单元630识别出灰度值发生变化，反馈至所述控制单元610，所述控制单元610发出火灾预警。对于软包电池，当所述电池单体101喷发时，相邻所述电池单体101之间区域的灰度值发生变化，反馈至所述控制单元610，所述控制单元610发出火灾预警。
在一个实施例中，在当所述控制单元610发出警示信号，根据所述第二检测装置30与第三检测装置40，获取所述电池模组壳体10内的所述多个电池单体101的第二信号参数的步骤中，所述第二信号参数为所述多个电池单体101的第二图像特征参数以及声波的频率特性与振幅特性。通过在静音试验室内确定电池喷发过程中的喷气噪声的频率分布，观察其是以低频为主，还是以中、高频为主，以及三者所占的比例分布，并观察其频率随 喷射过程的变化规律，从而获得目标频率特性。
按照电气和电子工程师学会(IEEE)制定的频谱划分表，低频频率为30～300kHz，中频频率为300～3000kHz，高频频率为3～30MHz，频率范围在30～300MHz的为甚高频，在300～1000MHz的为特高频。相对于低频信号，高频信号变化非常快、有突变；低频信号变化缓慢、波形平滑。由于是在电池内部积累到一定压力后才会出现喷发现象，所以开始喷射时速率较快，并逐渐降低，故其对应的频率并非周期性变化。重点监测的是电池喷发瞬间的噪声的频率和振幅分布，这样便可以在电池刚出现喷发现象时就可以捕捉到相关信号并及时发出火灾预警。
将一个电池模组内的电池单体拆分，且只保留其中一个，并将只包含一个电池单体的电池模组箱体放置在静音实验室内。通过一定的滥用方式如电滥用、热滥用、机械滥用等触发电池出现喷发现象，并通过频谱分析获得其频率特性和振幅特性。通过多次实验，可以获得电池喷发过程中，一般的目标频率特性和振幅特性，观察其振幅分布随喷射过程的变化规律，从而获得目标频率特性和振幅特性的各种可能性。从而，提取电池单体喷发时特征频率和特征振幅作为判断电池是否出现喷发现象的依据，也就是目标声波的频率特性和振幅特性。
将获取的所述声波对应的频率特性和振幅特性与目标频率特性和目标振幅特性进行比对，如果中获取的所述声波对应的频率特性和振幅特性包含了目标频率特性和目标振幅特性，则可判断存在一个或多个所述电池单体101发生了喷发现象，此时应发出火灾预警信号。否则，则认为没有发生喷发现象。
以上所述实施例的各技术特征可以进行任意的组合，为使描述简洁，未对上述实施例中的各个技术特征所有可能的组合都进行描述，然而，只要这些技术特征的组合不存在矛盾，都应当认为是本说明书记载的范围。
以上所述实施例仅表达了本申请的几种实施方式，其描述较为具体和详细，但并不能因此而理解为对本申请专利范围的限制。应当指出的是，对于本领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本申请构思的前提下，还可以做出若干变形和改进，这些都属于本申请的保护范围。因此，本申请专利的保护范围应以所附权利要求为准。
最后，还需要说明的是，在本文中，诸如第一和第二等之类的关系术语仅仅用来将一个实体或者操作与另一个实体或操作区分开来，而不一定要求或者暗示这些实体或操作之间存在任何这种实际的关系或者顺序。而且，术语“包括”、“包含”或者其任何其他变体意在涵盖非排他性的包含，从而使得包括一系列要素的过程、方法、物品或者设备不仅包括那些要素，而且还包括没有明确列出的其他要素，或者是还包括为这种过程、方法、物品或者设备所固有的要素。在没有更多限制的情况下，由语句“包括一个……”限定的要素，并不排除在包括所述要素的过程、方法、物品或者设备中还存在另外的相同要素。
本说明书中各个实施例采用递进的方式描述，每个实施例重点说明的都是与其他实施例的不同之处，各个实施例之间相同相似部分互相参见即可。
对所公开的实施例的上述说明，使本领域专业技术人员能够实现或使用本申请。对这些实施例的多种修改对本领域的专业技术人员来说将是显而易见的，本文中所定义的一般原理可以在不脱离本申请的精神或范围的情况下，在其它实施例中实现。因此，本申请将不会被限制于本文所示的这些实施例，而是要符合与本文所公开的原理和新颖特点相一致的最宽的范围。

Claims (20)

  1. 一种电池火灾预警系统，包括：
    电池模组壳体(10)，所述电池模组壳体(10)内设置有多个电池单体(101)，每个所述电池单体(101)设置有一个安全阀(102)；
    至少一个第一检测装置(20)，设置于所述电池模组壳体(10)内壁，且所述第一检测装置(20)与多个所述安全阀(102)相对设置，设置于检测所述电池单体(101)即将或已经发生热失控时释放出的电解液或碳烟颗粒等；
    至少一个第二检测装置(30)，设置于所述电池模组壳体(10)内壁，且所述第二检测装置(30)与多个所述安全阀(102)相对设置，设置于检测所述多个电池单体(101)即将或已经发生热失控时的形状变化；
    至少一个第三检测装置(40)，设置于所述电池模组壳体(10)内壁，且所述第三检测装置(40)与多个所述安全阀(102)相对设置，设置于采集所述多个电池单体(101)即将或已经发生热失控时喷发过程中气流喷射所产生的声波；
    多个第四检测装置(50)，每个所述第四检测装置(50)设置于每个所述电池单体(101)表面或两个电池单体之间，设置于检测所述多个电池单体(101)即将或已经发生热失控时电池单体表面温度、表面应变力或两个电池单体之间的挤压力变化；以及
    电池管理系统(60)，所述第一检测装置(20)与所述电池管理系统(60)连接，所述第二检测装置(30)与所述电池管理系统(60)连接，所述第三检测装置(40)与所述电池管理系统(60)连接，所述多个第四检测装置(50)与所述电池管理系统(60)连接。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的电池火灾预警系统，其特征在于，所述第一检测装置(20)为烟雾传感器或气体传感器。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的电池火灾预警系统，其特征在于，所述第二检测装置(30)为摄影装置。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的电池火灾预警系统，其特征在于，所述第三检测装置(40)为声音采集装置。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的电池火灾预警系统，其特征在于，所述第四检测装置(50)为温度传感器。
  6. 如权利要求1所述的电池火灾预警系统，其特征在于，所述电池管理系统(60)包括：
    控制单元(610)；
    第一检测单元(620)，所述第一检测单元(620)的输入端与所述第一检测装置(20)连接，所述第一检测单元(620)的输出端与所述控制单元(610)连接；
    第二检测单元(630)，所述第二检测单元(630)的输入端与所述第二检测装置(30)连接，所述第二检测单元(630)的输出端与所述控制单元(610)连接；
    第三检测单元(640)，所述第三检测单元(640)的输入端与所述第三检测装置连接，所述第三检测单元(640)的输出端与所述控制单元(610)连接；以及
    第四检测单元(650)，所述第四检测单元(650)的输入端与所述多个第四检测装置(50)连接，所述第四检测单元(650)的输出端与所述控制单元(610)连接。
  7. 如权利要求6所述的电池火灾预警系统，其特征在于，还包括灭火装置(70)，所 述灭火装置(70)与所述控制单元(610)连接。
  8. 如权利要求3所述的电池火灾预警系统，其特征在于，所述第二检测装置(30)包括：
    多个摄像头(310)，设置于所述电池模组壳体(10)内壁，且每个所述摄像头(310)与所述电池管理系统(60)连接。
  9. 如权利要求8所述的电池火灾预警系统，其特征在于，每个所述摄像头(310)设置于所述电池模组壳体(10)的每个内壁表面的几何中心上，设置为准确定位所述多个电池单体(101)的位置。
  10. 如权利要求9所述的电池火灾预警系统，其特征在于，每个所述摄像头(310)与所述第二检测单元(630)的输入端连接，所述第二检测单元(630)的输出端与所述控制单元(610)连接。
  11. 如权利要求8所述的电池火灾预警系统，其特征在于，所述多个摄像头(310)为红外摄像机。
  12. 如权利要求4所述的电池火灾预警系统，其特征在于，所述电池火灾预警系统还包括：
    频谱分析装置(450)，所述频谱分析装置(450)的输入端与所述第三检测装置器(40)连接，所述频谱分析装置(450)的输出端与所述第三检测单元(640)连接。
  13. 如权利要求12所述的电池火灾预警系统，其特征在于，所述第三检测装置器(40)包括多个噪声传感器(421)，设置于所述电池模组壳体(10)内壁，且每个所述噪声传感器(421)与所述频谱分析装置(450)的输入端连接。
  14. 如权利要求13所述的电池火灾预警系统，其特征在于，每个所述噪声传感器(421)设置于所述电池模组壳体(10)的每个内壁表面的几何中心。
  15. 如权利要求13所述的电池火灾预警系统，其特征在于，每个所述安全阀(102)设置于每个所述电池单体(101)的出气口，多个所述安全阀(102)与所述电池模组壳体(10)的内壁顶面(103)相对。
  16. 如权利要求15所述的电池火灾预警系统，其特征在于，所述噪声传感器(421)设置于所述电池模组壳体(10)的内壁侧面(104)，且靠近所述内壁顶面(103)设置。
  17. 如权利要求13所述的电池火灾预警系统，其特征在于，所述噪声传感器(421)设置于每个所述电池单体(101)表面，且靠近所述安全阀(102)设置。
  18. 一种电池火灾预警方法，包括：
    S10，根据第二检测装置(30)与第四传感装置(50)，获取电池模组壳体(10)内的多个电池单体(101)的第一信号参数；
    S20，根据所述第一信号参数，所述控制单元(610)发出警示信号；
    S30，当所述控制单元(610)发出警示信号，根据所述第二检测装置(30)与第三检测装置(40)，获取所述电池模组壳体(10)内的所述多个电池单体(101)的第二信号参数；
    S40，根据所述第二信号参数，所述控制单元(610)发出火灾预警信号；
    S50，当所述控制单元(610)发出火灾预警信号，根据第一检测装置(20)，获取所述电池模组壳体(10)内的所述多个电池单体(101)的第三信号参数；以及
    S60，根据所述第三信号参数，所述控制单元(610)发出逃生信号。
  19. 如权利要求18所述的电池火灾预警方法，其特征在于，在根据第二检测装置(30)与第四检测装置(50)获取电池模组壳体(10)内的多个电池单体(101)的第一信号参数的步骤中，所述第一信号参数为所述多个电池单体(101)的第一图像特征参数与所述多个电池单体(101)的表面温度参数。
  20. 如权利要求18所述的电池火灾预警方法，其特征在于，在当所述控制单元(610)发出警示信号，根据所述第二检测装置(30)与第三检测装置(40)，获取所述电池模组壳体(10)内的所述多个电池单体(101)的第二信号参数的步骤中，所述第二信号参数为所述多个电池单体(101)的第二图像特征参数以及声波的频率特性与振幅特性。
PCT/CN2018/114993 2018-07-27 2018-11-12 电池火灾预警系统及方法 WO2020019578A1 (zh)

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