WO2020001932A1

WO2020001932A1 - Floating body, wind turbine and offshore wind farm

Info

Publication number: WO2020001932A1
Application number: PCT/EP2019/064430
Authority: WO
Inventors: Jörg FINDEISEN
Original assignee: Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
Priority date: 2018-06-28
Filing date: 2019-06-04
Publication date: 2020-01-02
Also published as: DE102018210623A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a floating body (200) for supporting a wind turbine (100) of a floating offshore wind farm (300). The floating body (200) comprises a stabilising body for arranging below a surface of the water (50) and for stabilising the position of the floating body (200) in the water. The stabilising body comprises at least one component (410, 420, 430) of a device for connecting the offshore wind farm (300) to a network. The at least one component (410, 420, 430) is encapsulated in a seawater-tight manner.

Description

description

- Floats, wind turbines and ocean wind parks -

The invention relates to a floating body for carrying an energy system of a floating offshore wind farm, also known as a floating offshore wind farm, and a buoyant wind power plant and an offshore wind farm.

The invention relates in particular to the network connection of offshore wind parks.

Under "energy system" in particular substations or converter stations and the associated electrical assemblies or components, as well

Understood wind turbines.

A wind power plant usually comprises a tower and a gondola with rotor blades which can be rotated around the tower, and a transformer which is arranged, for example, in the gondola or in the tower of the wind power plant.

Up to a certain water depth, wind energy can be used at sea with the help of load-bearing foundations that have foundation pipes rammed into the seabed. The foundation pipes are connected to one another and thus form a support structure on which a wind turbine is supported with its tower. Such a foundation is described in DE102004042066.

For greater water depths that do not allow the wind turbine or the substation necessary for the grid connection itself to be foundation, floating bodies in the form of self-floating platforms are used to carry one wind turbine or one substation each. The

Floats are anchored to the installation site on the sea floor. The floating body usually includes one

Stabilizing body for position stabilization. The

Floating bodies are suitable for carrying wind turbines. To ensure a stable position of a wind turbine even at high

To achieve wind speeds and swell, the floating bodies are equipped with large ballast tanks to generate a restoring moment against a tipping moment due to wind pressure and swell on the wind turbine.

The floating body is usually formed as a hollow structure made of steel pipes, which form a foundation volume, which when in use is to a large extent below the water surface.

The present invention is dedicated to the task of simplifying the construction of offshore wind farms.

This object is achieved by the subjects described in the independent claims.

According to the invention, a floating body for carrying an energy system is provided. The floating body according to the invention comprises a stabilizing body for

Arrangement under a water surface and to stabilize the position of the float in the water. The floating body forms an underwater surface

The center of buoyancy when the floating body bears the weight of an energetic system. The stabilizing body comprises at least one component of a device for connecting the offshore wind farm to the grid. The at least one

The component is encapsulated in a seawater-proof manner and arranged below the buoyancy center of gravity of the float.

The floating body has the advantage of being weighty

Components of the substation are included as position-stabilizing ballast, so that no or only little dead ballast for position stabilization and no independent float for the device for connecting the ocean wind farm to the grid are necessary. The float enables one

simplified ocean wind park that is not an independent

Platform for the device for connecting the network

Sea wind parks needed.

Furthermore, the invention enables a particularly compact design of a sea-side device for network connection of the offshore wind park.

Due to the sea water-tight encapsulation of the electrical

Components is a protection of these components from the

Sea climate guaranteed. This leaves a simplified

Execution of these components too. In particular, the electrical connection between the components is simplified. In addition, corrosion protection measures are only necessary to a significantly reduced extent.

In a preferred embodiment, the

Stabilizing body several components of the device for connecting the ocean wind farm, in particular all

Components of the device for connecting the network

Offshore wind farms. The components show

different densities and / or masses. The greater the density and / or the mass of the respective component, the more distant the components are from

Center of buoyancy of the floating body arranged. In other words, the components become deeper

Floating bodies arranged, the greater their mass or their density. This ensures that the center of gravity of the floating body and thus also the center of mass of the entire floating arrangement is as deep as possible

Float lies. This creates a large restoring moment, a heeling moment that acts on the floating arrangement due to wind pressure and sea conditions

opposes.

In wind turbines in particular, with their high towers acting as levers, there is a considerable offense to the wind Moment that must be counteracted by a large mass of the ballast and / or a large distance between the center of mass and the center of buoyancy of the arrangement. Within the scope of the invention, a good and

Cost-effective stabilization of a floating arrangement, in particular a floating wind turbine and a substation for network connection of an offshore wind farm.

The floating body can seal the at least one component in at least one seawater-proof, from

Floating bodies include hollow structure.

Thus, necessary components of the

Network connection of a wind farm used as a ballast body.

Furthermore, the components housed in this way then do not require their own foundation structures.

The at least one sea structure which can be locked in a water-tight manner can be a hollow cylinder. The at least one component can only partially fill the hollow structure, so that an unfilled part of the hollow cylinder can give the hollow cylinder buoyancy. The hollow cylinder can, apart from at least one seawater-tightly closable opening, for the exchange and / or maintenance of the at least one

Component, be sealed water-tight. This simplifies replacement and maintenance.

The at least one component can be at least one

Include high-voltage, electrical assembly. The hollow structure can at least partially be designed as a vessel filled with insulating fluid or comprise the vessel. In this way, the high-voltage electrical assembly can be insulated particularly well.

The at least one hollow structure can be preferred

Limit cylindrical space with an inner coaxial wall. This room is permanent or only when needed fluid-free, wherein a walkway can be formed through the space surrounding the component. The accessibility of the room simplifies the maintenance of the components arranged in it.

The at least one hollow structure element and / or the

enclosing vessel can be used as an encapsulation for part of the at least one high-voltage electrical

Assembly be formed.

In this way, the high-voltage electrical assembly can be protected particularly well.

In a particularly preferred embodiment, further ballast bodies and / or liquid dietary fibers are provided below the center of buoyancy, the higher the density of the fibers being located the further from the center of buoyancy. In other words, these ballast bodies and / or dietary fibers are arranged the deeper in the floating body, the greater their mass or their density.

Metallic ballast bodies have a high density and are therefore arranged in the lowest area of the floating body. A large number of dietary fibers are available, such as concrete, gravel or gravel.

The ballast zone of the floating body is preferably through

Partitions divided into several ballast chambers. At least one chamber for liquid fiber is preferably provided.

Advantageously, at least one ballast chamber,

hermetically sealed and with a

Ballast liquid filled, which is corrosion-inhibiting.

In the simplest case, fresh water is included

corrosion-inhibiting additives can be used. To compensate for the thermally induced changes in volume of the ballast liquid, the ballast chamber is equipped with a

Expansion vessel or expansion space equipped.

One or more ballast spaces for liquid fiber are preferably embodied encapsulated and provided with a gas cushion for absorbing the thermally induced fluctuations in volume of the ballast liquid.

At least one chamber for liquid is preferred

Dietary fiber is provided, the level of which can be regulated or

can be influenced.

In a further variant according to the invention, at least one chamber for liquid fiber is provided, which is equipped with devices for exchanging water with the

surrounding lake water is equipped. To regulate the

Fill level valves are preferably provided. The fill level of a ballast chamber can be reduced by a pump or by introducing a compressed gas. The setting of the fill level of the water ballast is used for

Fine-tuning the total ballast mass and thus the regulation of the depth of the float and thus one

Influencing the stability of the floating

Foundation structure.

A ballast chamber with an adjustable fill level above the ballast chamber is preferred. This way you get one

Stabilization because the ballast chamber with the adjustable

Level has a lower average density and consequently the ballast with the higher density is also arranged at a greater distance from the center of buoyancy.

In a further special embodiment, a

Ballast room or are several ballast rooms for liquid

Encapsulated fiber and the compensation vessel for the thermal volume fluctuations Ballast liquid above the ballast chambers, arranged in the buoyancy part of the foundation structure. The

Connection is made via pipes. The compensation or expansion tank is only filled at high temperatures and thus has a low density in normal operation and can change its position by making room for

Higher density fiber in further from

Make areas of buoyancy free.

The buoyancy zone of the float is preferably divided into several buoyancy chambers by partition walls. The buoyancy chambers are preferably filled with an inert gas, preferably nitrogen.

A further advantageous embodiment relates to the components for a network connection which represent a ballast body and which are due to their function-dependent components

geometric design does not completely fill the volume of the ballast space assigned to it. Here the volume difference between the ballast space and the electrical components is filled up with a ballast liquid. The space intended for ballast is thus optimally used.

Preferably, the one formed by the floating body

Foundation structure in the ballast zone and / or the

Buoyancy zone of the float has a larger diameter than the foundation structure in the area of the waterline.

The floating body preferably has a draft of

at least 30 meters.

The draft of the floating body preferably corresponds

at least four times the diameter of the same. This ensures a high level of swimming stability.

The floating body can further comprise a lifting device for exchanging the at least one component. This makes replacement and maintenance even easier. According to the invention, a floating wind turbine is also proposed. The buoyant

Wind power plant comprises the floating body according to the invention, the wind power plant being erected on the floating body. In other words, the buoyant wind power plant comprises the floating body according to the invention and one that is not capable of floating on its own

Wind turbine, which is arranged on the floating body together with the floating body

Wind turbine forms.

In a preferred embodiment, the

Wind turbine a cylindrical tower that extends in a longitudinal direction and has a cylinder axis that is offset in parallel by a distance to another

Cylinder axis of the hollow cylinder runs, the

Floating bodies further comprise a lifting device for exchanging the at least one component and the lifting device can comprise a boom connected to the tower, which bridges the distance.

The buoyant wind power plant is then, among other things, particularly stable against tipping, the at least one component being very easy to maintain and / or to replace.

The float can in particular be at least three

Have hollow cylinders with parallel hollow cylinder axes, each having the said distance from the cylinder axis of the tower, each of the hollow cylinders having at least one

Component of the substation of the offshore wind farm can include and wherein the lifting device can be designed to be pivotable about the tower.

The buoyant wind power plant is then particularly stable against tipping and can accommodate many components of the device for connecting the offshore wind farm to the grid. According to the invention, a deep sea wind park is also proposed which has at least one according to the invention

buoyant wind turbine includes.

In a preferred embodiment, the

Device for connecting the offshore wind farm to at least one component of a substation of the offshore wind farm and / or at least one component of a converter.

The offshore wind farm can include a large number of floating wind turbines, which are connected by cable to at least one substation located at sea for network connection. The substation can be placed in whole or in part at the location of one of the wind turbines belonging to the wind farm and can be mechanically connected to the floating body or to an anchorage of this wind turbine.

The above-described properties, features and advantages of this invention, as well as the manner in which they are achieved, will be more clearly understood in the

Relation to the following description of the

Embodiments that are explained in connection with the drawings. Show it:

FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of the invention,

Figure 2 shows an offshore wind farm according to a

Embodiment of the invention,

Figure 3 shows an arrangement of several ocean wind farms according to

an embodiment of the invention,

FIG. 4 shows another embodiment of the invention,

FIG. 5 shows a further exemplary embodiment of the invention,

Figure 6 shows yet another embodiment of the

Invention, Figure 7 shows another, further embodiment of the

Invention,

Figure 8 is a buoyant wind turbine with three

Floats according to an embodiment of the invention,

Figure 9 yet another, further embodiment of the

Invention,

FIG. 10 shows the exemplary embodiment from FIG. 9 in supervision,

FIG. 11 shows an exemplary embodiment of an aspect of the invention,

Figure 12 shows another exemplary embodiment of a

Aspect of the invention,

Figure 13 shows yet another exemplary embodiment

one aspect of the invention,

Figure 14 shows another exemplary embodiment of the

Invention,

Figure 15 yet another exemplary embodiment of the

Invention,

Figure 16 shows yet another exemplary embodiment of the

Invention and

Figure 17 shows another embodiment of the invention.

The present invention describes the use

at least one component of a substation as

Stabilizing body of a floating body also referred to as a "floating structure" or foundation structure

Wind turbine. Examples of such components are Transformers and chokes, which are ideally suited as stabilizers due to their high mass. For this purpose, they are equipped with appropriate fastening elements and the connection technology is adapted accordingly.

One, several or all components are one

Substation in the lower area of the float

arranged.

Figure 1 shows an embodiment of the invention. There is shown a floating body 200 for carrying a wind turbine 100 of a floating ocean wind park 300 which floats above the seabed 51 in the sea water 52. The wind turbine 100 is on the float 200 in FIG. 1

built. The float 200 includes one

Stabilizing body for arrangement under the

Water surface 50. The stabilizing body comprises at least one component 410, 420, 430, 470 one

Device for connecting the offshore wind farm 300 to the grid, for example a transformer of a substation or a component of a converter. The at least one

Component 410, 420, 430, 470 is at least through the

Floating body 200 encapsulated in seawater.

The wind power plant comprises a tower 110, a gondola 160 with the rotor blades 170 and a transformer 180, 190. The transformer 180, 190 is arranged in the gondola 160 or in the tower 110 of the wind power plant.

The floating body 200 comprises hollow structure elements and forms a foundation structure and / or tower structure

Wind turbine 100. The floating body 200 is of this type

designed to include components 410, 420, 430, 470 one

Device that can be used to connect one or more ocean wind farms 300 to the grid.

In the exemplary embodiment, components 410, 420, 430 include, for example, power transformers of a substation, which as single-phase units in a hollow structure of the

Foundation are placed.

Component 470 of the substation is, for example, a functional assembly with an additional encapsulation 280, the shape and dimensions of which are connected to one of the hollow structure elements forming the floating body 200

Foundation structure is adjusted.

According to the invention, the components for connecting the wind farm to the grid are arranged according to their mass or density within the hollow structure of the floating body. That's how they are

Transformers 430 as assemblies with the greatest density and the greatest mass in the lower part of the float, with the maximum distance from the center of buoyancy 600 des

Float 200 arranged. An assembly 470, which has a lower density and mass (in the example a switchgear assembly), is arranged above the transformers and has a smaller distance from the center of buoyancy 600.

FIG. 2 shows an offshore wind park 300 according to one

Embodiment of the invention. A deep sea wind farm 300 is buoyant with a certain number

Wind turbines 100 equipped. The substation 320 required for network connection is integrated in the floating body 200 of one of the existing floating wind turbines 100. The offshore wind farm 300 therefore does not require a separate platform to accommodate this substation 320.

FIG. 3 shows an arrangement of a number of offshore wind parks 300 according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention. The

Floatable wind turbines 100 supply in

Embodiment two substations 320 each. Of these, a sea-side converter station 340 of a high-voltage direct current transmission link 350, HVDC, is supplied via a high-voltage alternating current cable 330. The Converter station 340 converts the alternating current into direct current and transmits it via the HVDC 350.

The components of the substation can be arranged in the floating body of a single wind power plant, also referred to as the foundation structure, or distributed over the floating bodies of several wind power plants. There is one

Allocation according to the function of assemblies as well as the division into single-phase units possible. In particular for HVDC systems with their large space requirement, a division according to the function of modules can be divided into several

Wind turbines.

17 shows an exemplary embodiment of a floating body 200 which has a plurality of ballast bodies which

according to the invention are arranged below the center of buoyancy 600 in the ballast region 210 of the floating body 200. The ballast bodies are arranged in such a way that the ballast body with the greatest weight or greatest density is arranged as close as possible to the lower edge of the floating body. The ballast bodies are each arranged in such a way that the distance to the center of buoyancy 600 increases as the weight or density increases.

In the exemplary embodiment, a fixed ballast body 560 with a high density is arranged in the lowest region. Several components of an offshore substation for the network connection of an offshore wind farm are arranged above it. These are also arranged according to their weight or density such that the greater their density or their mass, the more distant they are from the center of buoyancy 600. As a result, the transformer 410 is arranged as the heaviest assembly below the other assemblies 430/450. The distance between the transformer 410 and the center of buoyancy 600 is referred to here as the distance A by way of example. Furthermore, in the exemplary embodiment, the ballast zone 210 is divided into a plurality of ballast chambers 510/520/530/540. In the exemplary embodiment there are several ballast tanks 530/540 for

Ballast fluids provided. These are due to their lower density above the ballast 560 and the components 410/430/450 of the offshore substation

arranged.

In the exemplary embodiment, a ballast chamber 530 is filled with a non-corrosive ballast liquid 570 which

Ballast chamber 530 is hermetically sealed, and within the hollow structure of the float there are volumes to compensate for the thermal ones

Volume fluctuations of this ballast liquid 570 are provided.

In the exemplary embodiment comes in this ballast chamber

Fresh water with corrosion-inhibiting additives.

Another is above this ballast chamber 530

Ballast chamber 540 for liquid fiber 580 is provided, this is equipped with devices for regulating the fill level by exchange with the sea water 52 surrounding the floating body 200. Valves 590/591 are provided to control the fill level. The fill level of this ballast chamber can be reduced by means of a pump 595 or the introduction of a compressed gas. The ballast can thus be adapted to the operating conditions of the offshore structure.

The adjustment of the fill level of the water ballast serves to fine-tune the depth and stability of the floating foundation structure. The ballast chamber with adjustable fill level 540 is arranged above the ballast chamber 530, the fill level of which is not adjustable. This achieves further stabilization, since the ballast chamber with the controllable

Level has a lower average density and consequently the ballast with the higher density is also arranged at a greater distance from the center of buoyancy. The hollow structure of the buoyancy region of the floating body is divided into several buoyancy chambers 610 by partition walls 650

divided. There are several in the exemplary embodiment

Buoyancy chambers to reduce corrosion with

Filled with nitrogen. Some light components which

must be accessible and not in the ballast area

can be accommodated within one

Buoyancy chamber arranged. Here, too, the heavier components 470 are arranged below the lighter components 480 below the center of gravity 600.

The foundation structure formed by the floating body 200 has a larger diameter in the ballast zone 210 and the buoyancy zone 220 of the floating body than that

Foundation structure in the area of waterline 50.

The draft of the floating body preferably corresponds

Above sea level 50, further structures of an offshore substation 320 can be formed on the floating body

be arranged. In particular, assemblies are arranged above the water level that require easy access for maintenance or control purposes, for example monitoring units 490, switchgear or control cabinets. Furthermore, for example

Helicopter landing platform for supplying the wind farm can be installed on the float. Alternatively, the floating body can be a, as in exemplary embodiment 1

Wear wind turbine 100/110.

FIGS. 5 to 7 show further exemplary embodiments, each of which has a plurality of floating bodies 200.

FIG. 5 shows an embodiment of a buoyant wind power plant 100. In the example shown, the floating body 200 comprises at least three hollow cylinders with parallel ones Hollow cylinder axes that are at the same distance from the cylinder axis of the tower 110. Each of the hollow cylinders comprises at least one component 410, 420, 430 of the substation 320 of the offshore wind farm 300 as a stabilizing body. The components 410, 420, 430 of the substation 320, also referred to as assemblies, are distributed among the floating bodies 200.

Furthermore, a ballast chamber 540 for liquid fiber 580 is arranged above the components 410, 420, 430 serving as the basic ballast. These ballast chambers are equipped with devices for regulating their fill level. It is thus possible to individually regulate the total ballast quantity in each floating body 200 and thus to vary the immersion depth of each swimmer and the position and stability of the entire floating arrangement to the changing requirements given by the swell and wind

adjust.

Furthermore, this design allows in the individual

Float 200 components 410,420,430 of different mass to arrange and the coordination of each

Total ballast through different filling of the

Ballast chambers 540 with ballast liquids 580.

FIG. 6 shows a floating substation 320 which is carried by 3 floating bodies 200. Components 410, 420 are arranged in the floats 200 according to the invention. Furthermore, components 490 whose function does not permit an arrangement in the floating bodies above the

Water level 50 arranged in a housing of the substation 320. In particular, the heavy components housed in the floating bodies serve to stabilize the entire floating substation.

FIG. 8 shows a floating wind power plant 100, also referred to as an offshore wind turbine, with three floating bodies 200, one of the floating bodies 200 comprising the tower 110 of the

Wind turbine 100 carries. The other two floats 200 are used to stabilize and compensate for the tipping moment that occurs in the wind. In order to avoid a critical inclination of the tower 110 of the wind power plant in the case of higher wind strengths, the floating bodies 200 are provided with stabilizing bodies as position-stabilizing ballast. In the exemplary embodiment, the transformer also serves as an offshore substation or

Substation designated 320 of the offshore substation

Offshore wind farms 300 as stabilizers.

Furthermore, in the exemplary embodiment 200 ballast chambers with ballast liquids 570 are provided in the floating bodies. The fill level of the ballast chambers is in this

Embodiment controllable in such a way that ballast liquid is exchanged between the ballast chambers of the floats 200 via the horizontal connection structure 240.

Figure 9 shows an embodiment with several

Floating bodies 200, which each comprise components 410, 490 of the substation 320 as stabilizing bodies.

The at least one component 410, 490 is in the

Embodiment of at least one seawater-proof lockable, enclosed by the floating body 200 comprises.

The at least one seawater-tight lockable hollow structure of the embodiment is a hollow cylinder that the

Float 200 forms. The at least one component 410, 490 only partially fills the hollow structure, so that an unfilled part can give the hollow cylinder buoyancy. The hollow cylinder is on a base

sealed sea water tight and embraces the other

Base area at least one seawater-proof lockable opening 270 for exchanging and or maintaining the at least one component 410, 490.

A lifting device 130 enables the exchange of the at least one component 410, 490. In the exemplary embodiment, the lifting device 130 is a lifting device arranged on the cylindrical tower 110 of the wind turbine 100, which comprises a boom 131 connected to the tower 110, which bridges a distance that exists between the cylinder axis of the tower 110 and the parallel cylinder axes of the hollow cylinders. The hollow cylinders are connected to the tower 110 via horizontal brackets 240.

The housing of the components of the substation 320

serving hollow structure elements of the float 200 are each in the exemplary embodiment by a sea water-tight

closable opening 270 protected from environmental influences. These openings 270 are designed in their size and design such that the exchange of components of the

Substation 320 is made possible.

Furthermore, FIG. 9 shows a cylindrical component that is designed as a transformer

configured embodiment of the invention. in the

Embodiment of Figure 9 is a hollow structural element of the float 200 of the foundation of a wind turbine 100 equipped with a component 410 designed as a transformer, which in the embodiment as

High-performance transformer of the three-phase jacket type is executed. This is arranged in a cylindrical component such that the winding axes of the component 410 designed as a transformer are aligned in the same direction as the axis of the cylindrical component. This way the placement of

High-performance transformers are possible in the hollow structural elements of the floating body 200.

Furthermore, in the exemplary embodiment 200 ballast chambers with ballast liquids 570 are provided in the floating bodies. These ballast chambers are equipped with devices for regulating their fill level. So it is possible

To regulate the total ballast amount in each float 200 individually and thus the immersion depth of each swimmer vary and the location and stability of the entire floating assembly given to the changing by sea and wind or operation of the lifting device 130

Set requirements.

The fill level of the ballast chambers is in this

FIG. 10 shows a top view of the exemplary embodiment from FIG. 9. According to the invention, the hollow structural elements of the floating body 200 are equipped with means for receiving the components of the substation 320. The result is a radial of a central hollow structural element of the foundation

spaced arrangement of the in the floats 200th

arranged components 410, 490. At tower 110 of the

Wind power plant 100 is a lifting device 130, in the example a crane, whose pivoting range and radius are selected in such a way that all hollow structural elements of the floating body 200 serving to accommodate components 410, 490 of the substation 320 can be reached.

FIG. 10 shows an example of three hollow structural elements of the floating body 200, each with a single-phase transformer unit U, V, W. Each single-phase transformer unit U, V, W is simply present.

Figures 11, 12 and 13 show a selection of others

Possibilities of arranging the components of the substation 320 in the hollow structural elements of the floating bodies 200 of a substation of a deep-sea wind farm 300, also referred to as “floating substation”.

FIG. 11 shows an example of the formation of a substation from single-phase substations U, V, W, which are each arranged in one of the three hollow structure elements of the floating body 200 of the foundation structure. Figure 12 exemplifies the use of a fourth

Hollow structure element to form a single phase

Reserve unit R.

FIG. 13 shows an example of six hollow structural elements of the floating body 200, each with a single-phase transformer unit U,

V, W.

FIGS. 14 and 15 show two exemplary floating bodies 200 in which the stabilizing body each comprises several components 410, 420, 430, 450, 490 of the substation 320. The

Components 410, 420, 430, 450, 490 have

different densities and / or masses. The lower the density and / or the mass of the respective component 410, 420, 430, 450, 490, the closer the components 410, 420, 430, 450, 490 are to the buoyancy center 600 of the respective floating body 200.

At least one or some components of a device for connecting a deep-sea wind farm, for example a transformer station or a converter, are therefore in the

Hollow structure of a floating body of a wind turbine of the ocean wind park arranged. The component with the greatest mass or the highest density is arranged at the greatest distance from the center of buoyancy, that is to say at the lower end of the hollow structure. In the exemplary embodiment in FIG. 14, this is the transformer 410. Components 450 with a lower mass and / or low density are arranged above this.

Another ballast 560, which is not an electrical component, but a higher density than that

Transformer 410 is among the electrical

Components 410, that is arranged with the greatest possible distance from the center of buoyancy. Component 490, which must be easily accessible by way of example and / or is relatively light, is arranged in the upper region of floating body 200.

This creates a favorable relationship between the

Buoyancy center 600 and the center of mass of the

buoyant wind turbine 100 and thus a stable position of the buoyant wind turbine 100 is reached.

This is also shown in FIG. 15

Embodiment several components 410/420/430 each representing a ballast body for network connection, on the basis of their geometric due to the function

Design, the volume of the ballast space assigned to it is not completely filled, the volume difference between the ballast space and the electrical components being filled up by a ballast liquid 570. The space intended for ballast is thus optimally used.

Figure 16 shows an embodiment in which a

Stabilizing body, which encapsulates the component 410 of a substation 320 of a high-sea wind farm 300, which is embodied as a transformer, encapsulated in a seawater-tight manner, on a floating body 200 of a floating wind turbine 100 from the outside

is docked. This creates a maximum distance to the

Center of buoyancy reached and a high stability of the float achieved.

In further refinements, additional ones are made

Ballast bodies manufactured using conventional ballast material are docked onto the floating body from the outside.

This makes it possible, for example, to standardize

Buoyancy body to be used for the wind turbines and the substation. Furthermore, this is a compensation of

Immersion depths of differently equipped floating bodies possible. In an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, an offshore wind farm, also referred to as a floating offshore wind farm, comprises a plurality of

Wind turbines, which are connected by cable to at least one substation located at sea for grid connection. The substation is fully or partially on

Floating body one of those belonging to the high sea wind park

Wind turbines placed and mechanically connected to the foundation or tower of this wind turbine.

In an exemplary development, components of the substation, also referred to as assemblies, are subdivided according to functions or as single-phase systems into functional assemblies and physically several wind turbines

Assigned to sea wind parks.

In another embodiment of the present

Invention is at least one hollow structural element

Float of a wind turbine designed by their dimensions and design so that they

Components of a device for connecting a network

Sea wind farms, for example a substation or a converter, can partially or completely accommodate.

In an optional further education

In one exemplary embodiment, the dimensions of the at least one hollow structural element are dimensioned such that the components of the substation can be placed in accordance with their respective dimensions, dimensions and the operating conditions required in each case.

In an optional further education

In the exemplary embodiment, a component with the greatest mass or the highest density is arranged at a lower end of the at least one hollow structural element. In an optional further education

The embodiment is at least one

Hollow structure element with a seawater-tight sealable opening for exchanging components of the substation. The seawater-tight sealable opening is preferably arranged such that the components can be loaded using a lifting device.

In an optional further education

In the exemplary embodiment, the floating body comprises several

Hollow structure elements, the central axes of the

Hollow structure elements are arranged parallel and equidistant to a central axis of a tower of the wind turbine.

In an optional further education

In the exemplary embodiment, a lifting device, for example a boom, is attached to the tower in such a way that its turning and pivoting range contains the hollow structural elements

sweeps over.

In an optional further education

In the exemplary embodiment, the components include at least one high-voltage electrical assembly and the

Hollow structure elements are at least partially as with

Isolation fluid filled vessels designed to accommodate the components or include such vessels filled with insulating fluid.

In an optional further education

Embodiment includes the component

enclosing vessel with an inner coaxial wall, which forms a constantly or if necessary fluid-free space through which a walkway can be formed within the component.

The at least one hollow structure element and / or the

enclosing vessel can be used as an encapsulation for part of the High voltage carrying electrical assemblies.

The at least one hollow structure element and / or the

enclosing vessel can be at least one electrical

Barrier and / or include at least one magnetic shield.

The at least one hollow structure element and / or the

enclosing vessel can be made of metal, so that electrical shielding of the components of the substation is represented in whole or in part by the hollow structure element and / or the enclosing vessel.

Although the invention in detail by preferred

Exemplary embodiments have been illustrated and described in more detail, the invention is not restricted by the disclosed examples and other variations can be derived therefrom by the person skilled in the art without the scope of protection of the

Leaving invention.

Reference character list

50 water surface

51 seabed

52 sea water

100 wind turbine

110 tower

130 lifting device

131 outriggers

160 gondola

170 rotor blades

180, 190 transformer

200 floats

210 ballast zone

220 buoyancy zone

240 horizontal arms

270 opening

280 encapsulation

300 deep sea wind park

320 substation

330 high voltage AC cables

340 converter station

350 high-voltage direct current transmission line

(HVDC)

410, 420, 430, 450, 470, 480, 490

Components of a device for connecting a deep sea wind farm

510,520,530, 540

ballast room

550 partition

560 ballast bodies

570,580 ballast fluid

590,591 valve

595 pump 596 pipeline

600 buoyancy focus

610 buoyancy chamber 650 partition

A distance

R reserve unit

U, V, W transformer units

Claims

claims

1. Float (200) for carrying an energetic system (300), wherein

- The floating body (200) comprises a stabilizing body for arrangement under a water surface (50) and for stabilizing the position of the floating body (200) in the water, wherein

- The stabilizing body at least one component

(410, 420, 430) of a device for network connection of the ocean wind park (300), and wherein

- the at least one component (410, 420, 430)

is encapsulated in seawater.

2. Float (200) according to claim 1, wherein

- The stabilizing body several components (410, 420, 430) of the device for connecting the network

Sea wind parks (300) includes where

- The components (410, 420, 430) have different densities and / or masses and

- Components (410, 420, 430) below the

Buoyancy center (600) are arranged, and

- All the more from the center of buoyancy (600) of the

Float (200) are arranged away, the greater the density and / or the mass of the respective component (410, 420, 430).

3. Floating body (200) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the at least one component (410, 420, 430) is comprised of at least one sea structure which can be locked in a seawater-tight manner and is enclosed by the floating body (200).

4. Float (200) according to claim 3, wherein

- The at least one seawater lockable

Hollow structure is a hollow cylinder, wherein

- The at least one component (410, 420, 430)

Hollow structure only partially filled, so that a empty part of the hollow cylinder

Buoyancy, and being

- The hollow cylinder is closed except for at least one seawater-tight opening (270) for exchanging and or maintaining the at least one component (410, 420, 430).

5. Floating body according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that further ballast bodies (560) and / or liquid fiber (570) below the

Buoyancy center (600) are provided, the

The higher their density, the more distant the fiber from the center of buoyancy.

6. Floating body according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the hollow structure of the

Float is divided by partitions (550/650) into several ballast and / or buoyancy chambers (520/530/610).

7. Floating body according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one ballast chamber (530) is filled with a non-corrosive ballast liquid (580), preferably fresh water mixed with corrosion-inhibiting additives, the ballast chamber (530)

is hermetically sealed and within the hollow structure of the floating body (200) volumes are provided to compensate for the thermally induced volume fluctuations of the ballast liquid (570).

8. Floating body according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one ballast chamber (540) for liquid fiber (580) is provided, the level of which is adjustable and which with

Devices (590/591) for water exchange with the surrounding sea water (52) is equipped so that the

Immersion depth and the stability of the float (200) can be influenced.

9. Floating body according to claim 8, characterized in that the ballast chamber with adjustable fill level (540) is arranged above ballast chambers with non-adjustable fill level (530) of a ballast material.

10. Float (200) according to one of the aforementioned

Claims, wherein the at least one component (410, 420, 430) carries at least one high-voltage electrical

Includes assembly and the hollow structure is at least partially designed as a vessel filled with insulating fluid or comprises the vessel.

11. Float (200) according to one of the aforementioned

Claims, wherein the at least one hollow structural element and / or the enclosing vessel is designed as an encapsulation for a part of the at least one high-voltage electrical assembly.

12. Floating body according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a ballast body

Representative component (450) for network connection, due to its geometrical design due to the function, the volume of the ballast space assigned to it is not completely filled, and the volume difference between ballast space and the electrical component is filled with ballast liquid (570).

13. Floatable wind power plant (100), comprising a floating body (200) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the wind power plant (100) is erected on the floating body (200).

14. A wind turbine (200) according to claim 13, wherein

- The floating body (200) has at least three hollow cylinders with mutually parallel hollow cylinder axes, which are at a distance from the cylinder axis of a tower (110) of the wind turbine, wherein the cylinder axis of the tower runs parallel and in the transverse direction offset by the said distance from the cylinder axes of each hollow cylinder,

- A lifting device (130) is provided, which comprises a boom connected to the tower (110), which bridges said distance, and

- The lifting device (130) is pivotable about the tower (110).

15. Sea wind park (300) comprising at least one

buoyant wind power plant (100) according to one of claims 9 to 15.