WO2020089733A1 - 半導体装置 - Google Patents
半導体装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2020089733A1 WO2020089733A1 PCT/IB2019/059035 IB2019059035W WO2020089733A1 WO 2020089733 A1 WO2020089733 A1 WO 2020089733A1 IB 2019059035 W IB2019059035 W IB 2019059035W WO 2020089733 A1 WO2020089733 A1 WO 2020089733A1
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- metal oxide
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/136—Liquid crystal cells structurally associated with a semi-conducting layer or substrate, e.g. cells forming part of an integrated circuit
- G02F1/1362—Active matrix addressed cells
- G02F1/1368—Active matrix addressed cells in which the switching element is a three-electrode device
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10D—INORGANIC ELECTRIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES
- H10D30/00—Field-effect transistors [FET]
- H10D30/60—Insulated-gate field-effect transistors [IGFET]
- H10D30/67—Thin-film transistors [TFT]
- H10D30/674—Thin-film transistors [TFT] characterised by the active materials
- H10D30/6755—Oxide semiconductors, e.g. zinc oxide, copper aluminium oxide or cadmium stannate
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/04—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
- H01L21/18—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic Table or AIIIBV compounds with or without impurities, e.g. doping materials
- H01L21/28—Manufacture of electrodes on semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/268
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B33/00—Electroluminescent light sources
- H05B33/12—Light sources with substantially two-dimensional radiating surfaces
- H05B33/14—Light sources with substantially two-dimensional radiating surfaces characterised by the chemical or physical composition or the arrangement of the electroluminescent material, or by the simultaneous addition of the electroluminescent material in or onto the light source
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10D—INORGANIC ELECTRIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES
- H10D30/00—Field-effect transistors [FET]
- H10D30/60—Insulated-gate field-effect transistors [IGFET]
- H10D30/67—Thin-film transistors [TFT]
- H10D30/6729—Thin-film transistors [TFT] characterised by the electrodes
- H10D30/673—Thin-film transistors [TFT] characterised by the electrodes characterised by the shapes, relative sizes or dispositions of the gate electrodes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10D—INORGANIC ELECTRIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES
- H10D30/00—Field-effect transistors [FET]
- H10D30/60—Insulated-gate field-effect transistors [IGFET]
- H10D30/67—Thin-film transistors [TFT]
- H10D30/6729—Thin-film transistors [TFT] characterised by the electrodes
- H10D30/6737—Thin-film transistors [TFT] characterised by the electrodes characterised by the electrode materials
- H10D30/6739—Conductor-insulator-semiconductor electrodes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10D—INORGANIC ELECTRIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES
- H10D86/00—Integrated devices formed in or on insulating or conducting substrates, e.g. formed in silicon-on-insulator [SOI] substrates or on stainless steel or glass substrates
- H10D86/40—Integrated devices formed in or on insulating or conducting substrates, e.g. formed in silicon-on-insulator [SOI] substrates or on stainless steel or glass substrates characterised by multiple TFTs
- H10D86/60—Integrated devices formed in or on insulating or conducting substrates, e.g. formed in silicon-on-insulator [SOI] substrates or on stainless steel or glass substrates characterised by multiple TFTs wherein the TFTs are in active matrices
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10D—INORGANIC ELECTRIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES
- H10D99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K59/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one organic light-emitting element covered by group H10K50/00
- H10K59/10—OLED displays
- H10K59/12—Active-matrix OLED [AMOLED] displays
- H10K59/129—Chiplets
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10D—INORGANIC ELECTRIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES
- H10D30/00—Field-effect transistors [FET]
- H10D30/60—Insulated-gate field-effect transistors [IGFET]
- H10D30/67—Thin-film transistors [TFT]
- H10D30/6704—Thin-film transistors [TFT] having supplementary regions or layers in the thin films or in the insulated bulk substrates for controlling properties of the device
- H10D30/6713—Thin-film transistors [TFT] having supplementary regions or layers in the thin films or in the insulated bulk substrates for controlling properties of the device characterised by the properties of the source or drain regions, e.g. compositions or sectional shapes
- H10D30/6715—Thin-film transistors [TFT] having supplementary regions or layers in the thin films or in the insulated bulk substrates for controlling properties of the device characterised by the properties of the source or drain regions, e.g. compositions or sectional shapes characterised by the doping profiles, e.g. having lightly-doped source or drain extensions
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10D—INORGANIC ELECTRIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES
- H10D30/00—Field-effect transistors [FET]
- H10D30/60—Insulated-gate field-effect transistors [IGFET]
- H10D30/67—Thin-film transistors [TFT]
- H10D30/6729—Thin-film transistors [TFT] characterised by the electrodes
- H10D30/673—Thin-film transistors [TFT] characterised by the electrodes characterised by the shapes, relative sizes or dispositions of the gate electrodes
- H10D30/6736—Thin-film transistors [TFT] characterised by the electrodes characterised by the shapes, relative sizes or dispositions of the gate electrodes characterised by the shape of gate insulators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10D—INORGANIC ELECTRIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES
- H10D86/00—Integrated devices formed in or on insulating or conducting substrates, e.g. formed in silicon-on-insulator [SOI] substrates or on stainless steel or glass substrates
- H10D86/40—Integrated devices formed in or on insulating or conducting substrates, e.g. formed in silicon-on-insulator [SOI] substrates or on stainless steel or glass substrates characterised by multiple TFTs
- H10D86/421—Integrated devices formed in or on insulating or conducting substrates, e.g. formed in silicon-on-insulator [SOI] substrates or on stainless steel or glass substrates characterised by multiple TFTs having a particular composition, shape or crystalline structure of the active layer
- H10D86/423—Integrated devices formed in or on insulating or conducting substrates, e.g. formed in silicon-on-insulator [SOI] substrates or on stainless steel or glass substrates characterised by multiple TFTs having a particular composition, shape or crystalline structure of the active layer comprising semiconductor materials not belonging to the Group IV, e.g. InGaZnO
Definitions
- One embodiment of the present invention relates to a semiconductor device.
- One embodiment of the present invention relates to a display device.
- One embodiment of the present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a semiconductor device or a display device.
- the technical field of one embodiment of the present invention disclosed in this specification and the like includes a semiconductor device, a display device, a light-emitting device, a power storage device, a storage device, an electronic device, a lighting device, an input device, an input / output device, and a driving method thereof. , Or their manufacturing method can be mentioned as an example.
- a semiconductor device refers to all devices that can function by utilizing semiconductor characteristics.
- Oxide semiconductors using metal oxides are drawing attention as semiconductor materials applicable to transistors.
- a plurality of oxide semiconductor layers are stacked, and in the plurality of oxide semiconductor layers, the oxide semiconductor layer serving as a channel contains indium and gallium, and the proportion of indium is the proportion of gallium.
- the field-effect mobility (which may be simply referred to as mobility or ⁇ FE) is increased by increasing the thickness.
- the metal oxide that can be used for the semiconductor layer can be formed by a sputtering method or the like, it can be used for the semiconductor layer of a transistor included in a large-sized display device.
- the metal oxide that can be used for the semiconductor layer can be formed by a sputtering method or the like, it can be used for the semiconductor layer of a transistor included in a large-sized display device.
- it is possible to improve and utilize a part of the production equipment of a transistor using polycrystalline silicon or amorphous silicon capital investment can be suppressed.
- a transistor including a metal oxide has higher field-effect mobility than a transistor including amorphous silicon, a high-performance display device including a driver circuit can be realized.
- the screen resolution is also full high-definition (pixels 1920 ⁇ 1080, also known as “2K”), ultra high-vision (pixels 3840 ⁇ 2160, also known as “4K”), super high-definition (pixels) 7680 ⁇ 4320, or "8K").
- Patent Document 2 discloses a technique of forming a low-resistance wiring layer using copper (Cu) in order to suppress an increase in wiring resistance in a liquid crystal display device using an amorphous silicon transistor.
- One object of one embodiment of the present invention is to provide a semiconductor device with favorable electric characteristics. Alternatively, it is an object of one embodiment of the present invention to provide a highly reliable semiconductor device. Alternatively, it is an object of one embodiment of the present invention to provide a novel semiconductor device.
- One embodiment of the present invention is a semiconductor device including a semiconductor layer, a first insulating layer, a second insulating layer, a third insulating layer, a metal oxide layer, and a conductive layer.
- the semiconductor layer, the second insulating layer, the metal oxide layer, and the conductive layer are stacked in this order on the first insulating layer.
- the end portion of the second insulating layer is located inside the end portion of the semiconductor layer, and the end portions of the conductive layer and the metal oxide layer are respectively the end portions of the second insulating layer. It is located inside.
- the third insulating layer is in contact with the top surface of the first insulating layer, the top surface and side surface of the semiconductor layer, the top surface and side surface of the second insulating layer, the side surface of the metal oxide layer, and the top surface and side surface of the conductive layer.
- the semiconductor layer has a first region, a pair of second regions, and a pair of third regions.
- the first region overlaps with the first insulating layer and the metal oxide layer.
- the second region sandwiches the first region, overlaps with the second insulating layer, and does not overlap with the metal oxide layer.
- the third region sandwiches the first region and the pair of second regions, and does not overlap with the second insulating layer.
- the third region includes a portion which is in contact with the third insulating layer and has lower resistance than that of the first region.
- the second region includes a portion having higher resistance than the third region.
- the second insulating layer have a portion in which a film thickness of a region which does not overlap with the metal oxide layer is smaller than a film thickness of a region which overlaps with the metal oxide layer.
- the second region preferably includes a portion having a sheet resistance of 1 ⁇ 10 3 ⁇ / ⁇ or more and 1 ⁇ 10 9 ⁇ / ⁇ or less.
- the electric resistance of the first region is preferably 1 ⁇ 10 0 times or more and 1 ⁇ 10 9 times or less of the electric resistance of the second region.
- the electric resistance of the second region is preferably 1 ⁇ 10 0 times or more and 1 ⁇ 10 9 times or less of the electric resistance of the third region.
- the width of the second region in the cross section in the channel length direction is preferably 100 nm or more and 2 ⁇ m or less.
- the first insulating layer contains a nitride and the third insulating layer contains a nitride.
- the semiconductor device described above preferably further has a fourth insulating layer.
- the fourth insulating layer is preferably in contact with the top surface of the third insulating layer and contains a nitride.
- the third insulating layer preferably has a region having a lower hydrogen concentration than the fourth insulating layer.
- the third insulating layer preferably has a region having a higher film density than the fourth insulating layer.
- the conductive layer and the metal oxide layer have substantially the same top surface shape.
- the end portion of the conductive layer is preferably located inside the end portion of the metal oxide layer.
- the end portion of the second insulating layer and the end portion of the metal oxide layer each have a tapered shape.
- the semiconductor layer and the metal oxide layer contain the same metal element.
- the metal element is preferably at least one of indium and zinc.
- a semiconductor device with favorable electric characteristics can be provided.
- a highly reliable semiconductor device can be provided.
- a novel semiconductor device can be provided.
- FIG. 1A is a top view of a semiconductor device.
- 1B and 1C are cross-sectional views of the semiconductor device.
- 2A, 2B, and 2C are cross-sectional views of the semiconductor device.
- 3A, 3B, and 3C are cross-sectional views of the semiconductor device.
- 4A, 4B, and 4C are cross-sectional views of the semiconductor device.
- FIG. 5A is a top view of the semiconductor device.
- 5B and 5C are cross-sectional views of the semiconductor device.
- 6A and 6B are cross-sectional views of the semiconductor device.
- FIG. 7A is a top view of the semiconductor device.
- 7B and 7C are cross-sectional views of the semiconductor device.
- 8A, 8B, and 8C are cross-sectional views of the semiconductor device.
- 9A is a top view of the semiconductor device.
- 9B and 9C are cross-sectional views of the semiconductor device.
- 10A, 10B, 10C, and 10D are cross-sectional views illustrating a method for manufacturing a semiconductor device.
- 11A, 11B, and 11C are cross-sectional views illustrating a method for manufacturing a semiconductor device.
- 12A, 12B, and 12C are cross-sectional views illustrating a method for manufacturing a semiconductor device.
- 13A, 13B, and 13C are cross-sectional views illustrating a method for manufacturing a semiconductor device.
- 14A and 14B are diagrams illustrating a method for manufacturing a semiconductor device.
- 15A, 15B, and 15C are top views of the display device.
- FIG. 16 is a sectional view of the display device.
- FIG. 17 is a sectional view of the display device.
- FIG. 18 is a sectional view of the display device.
- FIG. 19 is a sectional view of the display device.
- FIG. 20A is a block diagram of a display device.
- 20B and 20C are circuit diagrams of the display device.
- 21A, 21C, and 21D are circuit diagrams of the display device.
- FIG. 21B is a timing chart of the display device.
- FIG. 22A is a configuration example of the display module.
- FIG. 22B is a schematic sectional view of the display module.
- FIG. 23A is a configuration example of an electronic device.
- FIG. 23B is a schematic sectional view of an electronic device.
- 24A, 24B, 24C, 24D, and 24E are configuration examples of electronic devices.
- FIG. 27 is a diagram showing Id-Vd characteristics of a transistor.
- FIG. 28 is a diagram showing the Id-Vd characteristics of the transistor.
- FIG. 29 is a diagram showing the resistance of the metal oxide film.
- 30A and 30B are cross-sectional STEM images.
- FIG. 31 is a diagram showing Id-Vg characteristics of a transistor.
- FIG. 32 is a diagram showing Id-Vg characteristics of a transistor.
- FIG. 33 is a diagram showing Id-Vg characteristics of a transistor.
- FIG. 34 is a diagram showing Id-Vg characteristics of a transistor.
- FIG. 35 is a diagram showing a reliability evaluation result of a transistor.
- FIG. 36 is a diagram showing the resistance of the metal oxide film.
- FIG. 37 is a diagram showing Id-Vd characteristics of a transistor.
- FIG. 38 is a diagram showing the operation result of the gate driver.
- 39A, 39B, 39C, 39D, and 39E are cross-sectional views showing the sample structure.
- 40A and 40B are cross-sectional views showing the sample structure.
- FIG. 41 is a sectional view showing the sample structure.
- FIG. 42 is a diagram showing a TDS measurement result.
- FIG. 43 is a diagram showing a TDS measurement result.
- FIG. 44 is a diagram showing a TDS measurement result.
- FIG. 45 is a diagram showing a TDS measurement result.
- FIG. 45 is a diagram showing a TDS measurement result.
- FIG. 46 is a diagram showing a TDS measurement result.
- FIG. 47 is a diagram showing Id-Vg characteristics of a transistor.
- FIG. 48 is a diagram showing Id-Vg characteristics of a transistor.
- FIG. 49 is a diagram showing Id-Vg characteristics of a transistor.
- FIG. 50 is a diagram showing Id-Vg characteristics of a transistor.
- FIG. 51 is a diagram showing Id-Vg characteristics of a transistor.
- FIG. 52 is a diagram showing Id-Vg characteristics of a transistor.
- FIG. 53 is a diagram showing Id-Vg characteristics of a transistor.
- 54A and 54B are diagrams showing reliability evaluation results of transistors.
- 55A and 55B are TEM images of a cross section of a transistor.
- the functions of the source and the drain of the transistor may be switched when a transistor of different polarity is used or the direction of current is changed in circuit operation. Therefore, the terms source and drain can be used interchangeably.
- the channel length direction of a transistor refers to one of directions parallel to a straight line connecting a source region and a drain region with the shortest distance. That is, the channel length direction corresponds to one of the directions of current flowing through the semiconductor layer when the transistor is on. Further, the channel width direction means a direction orthogonal to the channel length direction. Note that depending on the structure and shape of the transistor, the channel length direction and the channel width direction may not be defined as one.
- the term “electrically connected” includes the case of being connected via “something having an electrical action”.
- the “object having some kind of electrical action” is not particularly limited as long as it can transfer an electric signal between the connection targets.
- “things having some kind of electrical action” include electrodes and wirings, switching elements such as transistors, resistance elements, inductors, capacitors, and other elements having various functions.
- film and “layer” can be interchanged with each other.
- conductive layer and “insulating layer” may be interchangeable with the terms “conductive film” and “insulating film”.
- the top shapes are substantially the same.
- it includes a case where the upper layer and the lower layer are processed with the same mask pattern or a part of the same mask pattern.
- the contours do not overlap with each other, and the edge of the upper layer may be located inside the edge of the lower layer, or the edge of the upper layer may be located outside the edge of the lower layer.
- the top shape is roughly the same.
- off-state current refers to drain current when a transistor is in an off state (also referred to as a non-conducting state or a blocking state).
- the off state is a state in which the voltage V gs between the gate and the source is lower than the threshold voltage V th in the n-channel transistor (higher than V th in the p-channel transistor) unless otherwise specified.
- a display panel which is one mode of a display device, has a function of displaying (outputting) an image or the like on a display surface. Therefore, the display panel is one mode of the output device.
- a connector of FPC Flexible Printed Circuit
- TCP Transmission Carrier Package
- a connector of FPC Flexible Printed Circuit
- TCP Transmission Carrier Package
- COG Chip On Glass
- a touch panel which is one mode of a display device has a function of displaying an image or the like on a display surface, and a touch surface of a detected object such as a finger or a stylus touches, presses, or approaches the display surface. And a function as a touch sensor for detecting. Therefore, the touch panel is an aspect of the input / output device.
- the touch panel can also be called, for example, a display panel (or display device) with a touch sensor or a display panel (or display device) with a touch sensor function.
- the touch panel can also be configured to have a display panel and a touch sensor panel. Alternatively, the inside or the surface of the display panel may have a function as a touch sensor.
- a touch panel substrate on which connectors and ICs are mounted may be referred to as a touch panel module, a display module, or simply a touch panel.
- One embodiment of the present invention is a semiconductor device including a semiconductor layer in which a channel is formed, a second insulating layer functioning as a gate insulating layer, and a conductive layer functioning as a gate electrode over a first insulating layer.
- the semiconductor layer is preferably configured to include a metal oxide having semiconductor characteristics (hereinafter, also referred to as an oxide semiconductor).
- a metal oxide layer is provided between the second insulating layer and the conductive layer.
- the metal oxide layer preferably has conductivity, and at this time, the metal oxide layer functions as a part of the gate electrode.
- the end (outline) of the second insulating layer is located inside the end (outline) of the semiconductor layer. Further, in the cross section in the channel length direction, it is preferable that the end portions (outline) of the conductive layer and the metal oxide layer be located inside the end portions (outline) of the second insulating layer.
- the semiconductor device which is one embodiment of the present invention further includes a third insulating layer.
- the third insulating layer is in contact with the top surface of the first insulating layer, the top surface and side surface of the semiconductor layer, the top surface and side surface of the second insulating layer, the side surface of the metal oxide layer, and the top surface and side surface of the conductive layer. It is preferably provided.
- a material that suppresses diffusion of impurities is preferably used.
- nitride can be used for each of the first insulating layer and the third insulating layer.
- the semiconductor layer includes a first region in which a channel is formed, a pair of second regions sandwiching the first region, and a pair of first and second regions sandwiching each other and functioning as a source region and a drain region. And a third region of.
- the first region is a region overlapping with the first insulating layer and the metal oxide layer.
- the second region is a region that overlaps with the second insulating layer and does not overlap with the metal oxide layer.
- the third region is a region which does not overlap with the second insulating layer.
- the third region preferably includes a portion which is in contact with the third insulating layer and has lower resistance than that of the first region.
- the second region preferably includes a portion having a higher resistance than the third region.
- the second area functions as an LDD (Lightly Doped Drain) area.
- LDD Lightly Doped Drain
- FIG. 1A is a top view of the transistor 100
- FIG. 1B corresponds to a cross-sectional view taken along the dashed-dotted line A1-A2 in FIG. 1A
- FIG. 1C is a sectional view taken along the dashed-dotted line B1-B2 in FIG. 1A. It corresponds to a sectional view of the plane.
- a part of components of the transistor 100 (a protective layer or the like) is omitted.
- the dashed-dotted line A1-A2 direction corresponds to the channel length direction
- the dashed-dotted line B1-B2 direction corresponds to the channel width direction.
- the top view of the transistor some of the components are omitted in the following drawings, as in FIG. 1A.
- the transistor 100 is provided over the substrate 102 and includes an insulating layer 103, a semiconductor layer 108, an insulating layer 110, a metal oxide layer 114, a conductive layer 112, an insulating layer 116, an insulating layer 118, and the like.
- the island-shaped semiconductor layer 108 is provided over the insulating layer 103.
- the insulating layer 110 is provided so as to cover part of the upper surface of the insulating layer 103 and part of the semiconductor layer 108.
- the metal oxide layer 114 and the conductive layer 112 are stacked over the insulating layer 110 in this order and have a portion overlapping with the semiconductor layer 108.
- FIG. 2A shows an enlarged view of a region P surrounded by the alternate long and short dash line in FIG. 1B.
- the ends of the conductive layer 112 and the metal oxide layer 114 are located inside the ends of the insulating layer 110.
- the insulating layer 110 has a portion which projects outward from the end portions of the conductive layer 112 and the metal oxide layer 114 at least over the semiconductor layer 108.
- the semiconductor layer 108 has a region 108C functioning as a channel formation region, a pair of regions 108L sandwiching the region 108C, and a pair of regions 108N outside thereof.
- the region 108L is a region of the semiconductor layer 108 which overlaps with the insulating layer 110 and does not overlap with the conductive layer 112.
- the width of the region 108C in the channel length direction of the transistor 100 is L1
- the width of the region 108L is L2.
- the region 108C functions as a channel formation region.
- the metal oxide layer 114 has conductivity, it functions as a part of the gate electrode; therefore, an electric field is applied from the gate electrode to the region 108C through the insulating layer 110 which functions as a gate insulating layer, so that the channel Is formed.
- the region 108L has a function as a buffer region for relaxing the drain electric field. Since the region 108L is a region which does not overlap with the conductive layer 112 and the metal oxide layer 114, a channel is hardly formed even when a gate voltage is applied to the conductive layer 112.
- the region 108L preferably has a higher carrier concentration than the region 108C. This allows the region 108L to function as an LDD region.
- the region 108L is also referred to as a region having similar or lower resistance, a region having similar or higher carrier concentration, a region having similar or higher oxygen defect density, or a region having similar or higher impurity concentration than the region 108C. it can.
- the region 108L may also be referred to as a region having similar or higher resistance, a region having similar or lower carrier concentration, a region having similar or lower oxygen defect density, and a region having similar or lower impurity concentration than the region 108N. it can.
- the region 108L functioning as an LDD region between the region 108C which is a channel formation region and the region 108N which is a source region or a drain region, a high drain breakdown voltage and a high on-current can be obtained. It is possible to realize a highly reliable transistor.
- the region 108N functions as a source region or a drain region and has the lowest resistance as compared with other regions of the semiconductor layer 108.
- the region 108N can be referred to as a region having the highest carrier concentration, a region having a high oxygen defect density, or a region having a highest impurity concentration as compared with the other regions of the semiconductor layer 108.
- the value of the sheet resistance of the region 108N is 1 ⁇ / ⁇ or more and less than 1 ⁇ 10 3 ⁇ / ⁇ , preferably 1 ⁇ / ⁇ or more and 8 ⁇ 10 2 ⁇ / ⁇ or less. Is preferred.
- the sheet resistance value of the region 108C is preferably 1 ⁇ 10 9 ⁇ / ⁇ or more, preferably 5 ⁇ 10 9 ⁇ / ⁇ or more, and more preferably 1 ⁇ 10 10 ⁇ / ⁇ or more.
- the value of the sheet resistance in the region 108C is 1 ⁇ 10 9 ⁇ / ⁇ or more and 1 ⁇ 10 12 ⁇ / ⁇ or less, preferably 5 ⁇ 10 9 ⁇ / ⁇ or more 1 ⁇ 10 12 ⁇ . / ⁇ or less, more preferably 1 ⁇ 10 10 ⁇ / ⁇ or more and 1 ⁇ 10 12 ⁇ / ⁇ or less.
- the value of the sheet resistance of the region 108L is, for example, 1 ⁇ 10 3 ⁇ / ⁇ or more and 1 ⁇ 10 9 ⁇ / ⁇ or less, preferably 1 ⁇ 10 3 ⁇ / ⁇ or more and 1 ⁇ 10 8 ⁇ / ⁇ or less, and more preferably 1 It can be set to ⁇ 10 3 ⁇ / ⁇ or more and 1 ⁇ 10 7 ⁇ / ⁇ . By setting the resistance within such a range, a transistor having favorable electric characteristics and high reliability can be obtained.
- the sheet resistance can be calculated from the resistance value.
- the source-drain breakdown voltage of the transistor 100 can be increased by providing such a region 108L between the region 108N and the region 108C.
- the electric resistance of the region 108C in the state where no channel is formed is 1 ⁇ 10 6 times or more and 1 ⁇ 10 12 times or less, preferably 1 ⁇ 10 6 times or more and 1 ⁇ 10 11 times or less of the electric resistance of the region 108N. It is preferably 1 ⁇ 10 6 times or more and 1 ⁇ 10 10 times or less.
- the electric resistance of the region 108C in the state where no channel is formed is 1 ⁇ 10 0 times or more and 1 ⁇ 10 9 times or less, preferably 1 ⁇ 10 1 times or more and 1 ⁇ 10 8 times or less of the electric resistance of the region 108L. It is preferably 1 ⁇ 10 2 times or more and 1 ⁇ 10 7 times or less.
- the electric resistance of the region 108L is 1 ⁇ 10 0 times or more and 1 ⁇ 10 9 times or less, preferably 1 ⁇ 10 1 time or more and 1 ⁇ 10 8 times or less, more preferably 1 ⁇ 10 1 times or more of the electric resistance of the region 108N. It can be set to 1 ⁇ 10 7 times or less.
- the source-drain breakdown voltage of the transistor 100 can be increased by providing the region 108L having the above resistance between the region 108N and the channel formation region.
- the carrier concentration in the semiconductor layer 108 has a distribution such that the region 108C has the lowest carrier concentration and the region 108L and the region 108N successively have higher concentrations.
- the carrier concentration of the region 108C can be kept extremely low even when impurities such as hydrogen diffuse from the region 108N during the manufacturing process. ..
- the lower the carrier concentration in the region 108C functioning as a channel formation region is, the more preferable it is, and it is preferably 1 ⁇ 10 18 cm ⁇ 3 or less, more preferably 1 ⁇ 10 17 cm ⁇ 3 or less, and 1 ⁇ 10 16 cm 3. -3 or less is more preferable, 1 ⁇ 10 13 cm -3 or less is more preferable, and 1 ⁇ 10 12 cm -3 or less is further preferable.
- the lower limit of the carrier concentration in the region 108C is not particularly limited, but can be set to, for example, 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 9 cm ⁇ 3 .
- the carrier concentration in the region 108N can be, for example, 5 ⁇ 10 18 cm ⁇ 3 or higher, preferably 1 ⁇ 10 19 cm ⁇ 3 or higher, more preferably 5 ⁇ 10 19 cm ⁇ 3 or higher.
- the upper limit of the carrier concentration in the region 108N is not particularly limited, but may be 5 ⁇ 10 21 cm ⁇ 3 , 1 ⁇ 10 22 cm ⁇ 3 , or the like, for example.
- the carrier concentration in the region 108L can be a value between the regions 108C and 108N.
- the value may be in the range of 1 ⁇ 10 14 cm ⁇ 3 or more and less than 1 ⁇ 10 20 cm ⁇ 3 .
- the carrier concentration in the region 108L may not be uniform, and may have a gradient such that the carrier concentration decreases from the region 108N side to the channel formation region.
- the hydrogen concentration and the oxygen deficiency concentration in the region 108L may have a gradient such that the concentration decreases from the region 108N side to the channel formation region side.
- the semiconductor layer 108 preferably contains a metal oxide.
- oxide films are preferably used for the insulating layers 103 and 110 which are in contact with the channel formation region of the semiconductor layer 108.
- oxide films are preferably used.
- an oxide film such as a silicon oxide film, a silicon oxynitride film, or an aluminum oxide film can be used.
- oxygen desorbed from the insulating layer 103 or the insulating layer 110 can be supplied to the channel formation region of the semiconductor layer 108 by heat treatment or the like in the manufacturing process of the transistor 100, so that oxygen vacancies in the semiconductor layer 108 can be reduced.
- the insulating layer 110 has a portion which overlaps with the conductive layer 112 and functions as a gate insulating layer, and a portion which does not overlap with the conductive layer 112 and the metal oxide layer 114 (that is, a portion which overlaps with the region 108L).
- the insulating layer 110 may have a laminated structure of two or more layers.
- 1B, 1C, and 2A show an example in which the insulating layer 110 has a three-layer structure including an insulating layer 110a, an insulating layer 110b over the insulating layer 110a, and an insulating layer 110c over the insulating layer 110b. ..
- the insulating layers 110a, 110b, and 110c can be formed using insulating films of the same material, the interfaces between the insulating layers 110a, 110b, and 110c may not be clearly confirmed. Therefore, in this embodiment, interfaces of the insulating layer 110a, the insulating layer 110b, and the insulating layer 110c are shown by broken lines.
- the insulating layer 110a has a region in contact with the channel formation region of the semiconductor layer 108.
- the insulating layer 110c has a region in contact with the metal oxide layer 114.
- the insulating layer 110b is located between the insulating layer 110a and the insulating layer 110c.
- the insulating layer 110a, the insulating layer 110b, and the insulating layer 110c are preferably insulating films each containing an oxide. At this time, it is preferable that the insulating layer 110a, the insulating layer 110b, and the insulating layer 110c be continuously formed by the same film forming apparatus.
- An insulating layer containing one or more of a tantalum oxide film, a magnesium oxide film, a lanthanum oxide film, a cerium oxide film, and a neodymium oxide film can be used as the insulating layer 110a, the insulating layer 110b, and the insulating layer 110c.
- the insulating layer 110 that is in contact with the semiconductor layer 108 preferably has a stacked-layer structure of oxide insulating films and more preferably has a region containing oxygen in excess of the stoichiometric composition.
- the insulating layer 110 has an insulating film that can release oxygen.
- the insulating layer 110 is formed in an oxygen atmosphere, heat treatment in an oxygen atmosphere, plasma treatment, or the like is performed on the formed insulating layer 110, or the insulating layer 110 is formed over the insulating layer 110 in an oxygen atmosphere.
- Oxygen can be supplied into the insulating layer 110 by forming an oxide film or the like.
- the insulating layer 110a, the insulating layer 110b, and the insulating layer 110c are formed by a sputtering method, a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method, a vacuum deposition method, a pulsed laser deposition (PLD: Pulsed Laser Deposition) method, an atomic layer deposition method. It can be formed by using (ALD: Atomic Layer Deposition) method or the like. Further, the CVD method includes a plasma chemical vapor deposition (PECVD: Plasma Enhanced CVD) method and a thermal CVD method.
- PECVD plasma chemical vapor deposition
- the insulating layer 110a, the insulating layer 110b, and the insulating layer 110c are preferably formed by a plasma CVD method.
- the insulating layer 110a is formed on the semiconductor layer 108, it is preferable that the insulating layer 110a is a film formed under conditions that do not damage the semiconductor layer 108 as much as possible.
- the film formation can be performed under the condition that the film formation rate (also referred to as a film formation rate) is sufficiently low.
- the damage to the semiconductor layer 108 can be made extremely small by forming the insulating layer 110a under low power conditions.
- a deposition gas used for forming the silicon oxynitride film includes a deposition gas containing silicon such as silane and disilane, and oxygen.
- a deposition gas containing silicon such as silane and disilane, and oxygen.
- An ozone gas, an oxidizing gas such as dinitrogen monoxide, or nitrogen dioxide can be used.
- a diluent gas such as argon, helium or nitrogen may be contained.
- the deposition rate can be reduced, and a dense film with few defects can be deposited. it can.
- the insulating layer 110b is preferably a film formed under the condition that the film forming rate is higher than that of the insulating layer 110a. Thereby, the productivity can be improved.
- the insulating layer 110b can be deposited under the condition that the deposition rate is increased by increasing the flow rate ratio of the deposition gas to that of the insulating layer 110a.
- the insulating layer 110c is preferably an extremely dense film in which surface defects are reduced and impurities such as water contained in the atmosphere are not easily adsorbed.
- the film can be formed under the condition that the film formation rate is sufficiently low.
- the insulating layer 110c is formed on the insulating layer 110b, the influence on the semiconductor layer 108 at the time of forming the insulating layer 110c is smaller than that of the insulating layer 110a. Therefore, the insulating layer 110c can be formed under a condition of higher power than that of the insulating layer 110a. By reducing the flow rate ratio of the deposition gas and forming the film with relatively high power, a dense film with reduced surface defects can be obtained.
- a laminated film formed under the conditions in which the insulating layer 110b, the insulating layer 110a, and the insulating layer 110c are arranged in this order from the one having the highest film forming rate can be used as the insulating layer 110.
- the insulating layer 110 has a higher etching rate under the same conditions for wet etching or dry etching in the order of the insulating layer 110b, the insulating layer 110a, and the insulating layer 110c.
- the insulating layer 110b is preferably formed thicker than the insulating layers 110a and 110c. By thickly forming the insulating layer 110b having the highest film forming rate, the time required for the film forming process of the insulating layer 110 can be shortened.
- the boundary between the insulating layer 110a and the insulating layer 110b and the boundary between the insulating layer 110b and the insulating layer 110c may be unclear, these boundaries are illustrated by broken lines in FIG. 1A and the like. Since the insulating layers 110a and 110b have different film densities, it is possible to observe these boundaries as differences in contrast in a transmission electron microscope (TEM) image in a cross section of the insulating layer 110. Sometimes you can. Similarly, the boundary between the insulating layer 110b and the insulating layer 110c can be observed in some cases.
- TEM transmission electron microscope
- the thickness of the insulating layer 110 in a region which does not overlap with the conductive layer 112 may be thin.
- 1B, 1C, and 2A show a structure in which the insulating layer 110c in a region which does not overlap with the conductive layer 112 is removed and the insulating layers 110a and 110b remain. Further, the thickness of the insulating layer 110b in a region which does not overlap with the conductive layer 112 may be smaller than that of the insulating layer 110b in a region which overlaps with the conductive layer 112.
- a step difference at an end portion of the insulating layer 110 is reduced and a step coverage of a layer formed over the insulating layer 110 (eg, the insulating layer 116) is covered. It is possible to suppress the occurrence of defects such as step breaks and voids in the layer.
- FIG. 2B shows a structure in which the insulating layer 110a, the insulating layer 110b, and the insulating layer 110c remain in a region that does not overlap with the conductive layer 112. Further, the thickness of the insulating layer 110c in a region which does not overlap with the conductive layer 112 may be smaller than that of the insulating layer 110c in a region which overlaps with the conductive layer 112. As shown in FIG. 2B, it is particularly preferable that the insulating layer 110c remains in a region that does not overlap with the conductive layer 112. With the structure in which the insulating layer 110c remains in a region which does not overlap with the conductive layer 112, water adsorption to the insulating layer 110 can be suppressed.
- the thickness of the insulating layer 110c in a region overlapping with the conductive layer 112 is 1 nm to 50 nm inclusive, preferably 2 nm to 40 nm inclusive, more preferably 3 nm to 30 nm inclusive.
- the insulating layer 110a, the insulating layer 110b, and the insulating layer 110c remain in a region which does not overlap with the conductive layer 112, and the insulating layer 110c in a region overlapping with the conductive layer 112 and the insulating layer 110c in a region not overlapping with the conductive layer 112.
- the insulating layer 110 may have a two-layer structure including the insulating layer 110a and the insulating layer 110c on the insulating layer 110a.
- the insulating layer 110 may have a single-layer structure.
- any of the above-described insulating layers 110a, 110b, and 110c can be appropriately selected depending on the purpose.
- the insulating layer 116 is provided so as to cover the top surface and the side surface of the conductive layer 112, the side surface of the metal oxide layer 114, the top surface and the side surface of the insulating layer 110, the top surface and the side surface of the semiconductor layer 108, and the top surface of the insulating layer 103. ..
- the insulating layer 118 is provided so as to cover the insulating layer 116.
- the insulating layers 116 and 118 function as protective layers and can suppress diffusion of impurity elements from the outside.
- the insulating layer 116 has a function of suppressing diffusion of impurities from above the insulating layer 116 into the semiconductor layer 108. Further, the insulating layer 116 has a function of lowering the resistance of the semiconductor layer 108 which is in contact with the insulating layer 116 at the time of film formation. The insulating layer 116 is provided in contact with the top surface and the side surface of the region 108N.
- an insulating film that can supply impurities to the region 108N by heating at the time of forming the insulating layer 116 or by heating after the film can be used. Alternatively, an insulating film which can generate oxygen vacancies in the region 108N can be used by heating during or after the insulating layer 116 is formed.
- the insulating layer 116 is preferably a film formed by using a gas containing an impurity element such as hydrogen as a film forming gas used for film formation.
- an impurity element such as hydrogen
- silane, ammonia, or the like can be used as the gas containing hydrogen.
- the film formation temperature of the insulating layer 116 is, for example, preferably 200 ° C. or higher and 500 ° C. or lower, more preferably 220 ° C. or higher and 450 ° C. or lower, further preferably 230 ° C. or higher and 430 ° C. or lower, and further 250 ° C. or higher and 400 ° C. or lower.
- a gas containing an impurity element such as hydrogen
- silane, ammonia, or the like can be used as the gas containing hydrogen.
- the film formation temperature of the insulating layer 116 is, for example, preferably 200 ° C. or higher and 500 ° C. or lower, more preferably 220 ° C. or
- the insulating layer 116 By forming the insulating layer 116 under reduced pressure and heating, the desorption of oxygen in the region of the semiconductor layer 108, which is the region 108N, can be promoted. By supplying impurities such as hydrogen to the semiconductor layer 108 in which a large number of oxygen vacancies are formed, the carrier concentration in the region 108N is increased and the resistance of the region 108N can be reduced more effectively.
- an insulating film containing a nitride such as silicon nitride, silicon nitride oxide, silicon oxynitride, aluminum nitride, or aluminum nitride oxide can be preferably used.
- silicon nitride has a blocking property against hydrogen and oxygen, it is possible to prevent both diffusion of hydrogen from the outside to the semiconductor layer 108 and desorption of oxygen from the semiconductor layer 108 to the outside, which has high reliability.
- a transistor can be realized.
- the insulating layer 116 may be an insulating film having a function of drawing oxygen in the semiconductor layer 108 to generate oxygen vacancies.
- a metal nitride such as aluminum nitride for the insulating layer 116.
- a metal nitride for the insulating layer 116 it is preferable to use a nitride of aluminum, titanium, tantalum, tungsten, chromium, or ruthenium. In particular, it is particularly preferable to contain aluminum or titanium.
- aluminum as a sputtering target, an aluminum nitride film formed by a reactive sputtering method using a gas containing nitrogen as a film forming gas, by appropriately controlling the flow rate of nitrogen gas with respect to the total flow rate of the film forming gas, A film having both extremely high insulating properties and extremely high blocking properties against hydrogen and oxygen can be obtained.
- the thickness of the insulating layer containing the aluminum nitride is preferably 5 nm or more. Even with such a thin film, a high blocking property against hydrogen and oxygen and a function of reducing the resistance of the semiconductor layer can both be achieved. Although there is no particular upper limit on the thickness of the insulating layer, it is preferably 500 nm or less, preferably 200 nm or less, more preferably 50 nm or less in consideration of productivity.
- a film whose composition formula satisfies AlN x (x is a real number greater than 0 and 2 or less, preferably x is greater than 0.5 and less than or equal to 1.5) is used. Is preferred. Accordingly, a film having excellent insulating properties and excellent thermal conductivity can be provided, so that heat dissipation of heat generated when the transistor 100 is driven can be improved.
- an aluminum titanium nitride film, a titanium nitride film, or the like can be used as the insulating layer 116.
- the insulating layer 116 can suck oxygen in the region 108N and form oxygen vacancies in the region 108N.
- the insulating layer 116 sucks oxygen in the semiconductor layer 108, so that the metal included in the insulating layer 116 is provided between the insulating layer 116 and the region 108N.
- a layer containing an oxide of an element eg, aluminum may be formed.
- the region 108L Since the region 108L is not in contact with the insulating layer 116 because the insulating layer 110 is provided therebetween, the amount of hydrogen supplied from the insulating layer 116 is less than that in the region 108N. Further, since the impurity concentration is lower than that of the region 108N, the region 108L can have a higher resistance than that of the region 108N.
- the region 108L can be formed in a self-aligned manner, a photomask for forming the region 108L is not needed and the manufacturing cost can be reduced. Further, by forming the region 108L in a self-aligning manner, relative displacement between the region 108L and the conductive layer 112 does not occur, so that the width of the region 108L in the semiconductor layer 108 can be approximately matched.
- a region 108L that functions as an offset region where the electric field of the gate is not applied (or is less likely to be applied than the channel formation region) between the channel formation region and the low resistance region 108N in the semiconductor layer 108 can be stably formed without variation.
- the source-drain breakdown voltage of the transistor can be improved, and a highly reliable transistor can be realized.
- the width L2 of the region 108L is preferably 100 nm or more and 2 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 150 nm or more and 1 ⁇ m or less, and further preferably 200 nm or more and 1 ⁇ m or less.
- concentration of an electric field near the drain is relieved, and deterioration of the transistor can be suppressed especially in a state where the drain voltage is high.
- the width L2 of the region 108L larger than the thickness of the insulating layer 110, the electric field concentration near the drain can be effectively suppressed.
- the width L2 is longer than 2 ⁇ m, the source-drain resistance is increased, and the driving speed of the transistor may be slowed down.
- the width L2 of the region 108L can be determined depending on the thickness of the semiconductor layer 108, the thickness of the insulating layer 110, and the magnitude of the voltage applied between the source and the drain when the transistor 100 is driven.
- the region 108L between the channel formation region and the low-resistance region 108N By providing the region 108L between the channel formation region and the low-resistance region 108N, the current density at the boundary between the channel formation region and the region 108N can be relaxed, heat generation at the boundary between the channel and the source or drain can be suppressed, and reliability can be improved. It is possible to obtain a high-performance transistor or a semiconductor device.
- the insulating layer 103 can have a laminated structure.
- FIG. 1 illustrates an example in which the insulating layer 103 has a structure in which an insulating layer 103a, an insulating layer 103b, an insulating layer 103c, and an insulating layer 103d are stacked in this order from the substrate 102 side.
- the insulating layer 103a is in contact with the substrate 102.
- the insulating layer 103d is in contact with the semiconductor layer 108.
- the insulating layer 103 has a high withstand voltage, a small stress in the film, a difficulty in releasing hydrogen and water, a small number of defects in the film, and suppression of diffusion of impurities contained in the substrate 102. It is preferable to satisfy one or more, and most preferable to satisfy all of them.
- the four insulating films included in the insulating layer 103 it is preferable to use insulating films containing nitrogen for the insulating layers 103a, 103b, and 103c located on the substrate 102 side. On the other hand, it is preferable to use an insulating film containing oxygen for the insulating layer 103d which is in contact with the semiconductor layer 108. In addition, it is preferable that the four insulating films included in the insulating layer 103 be successively formed using a plasma CVD apparatus without being exposed to the air.
- a nitrogen-containing insulating film such as a silicon nitride film, a silicon nitride oxide film, an aluminum nitride film, or a hafnium nitride film can be preferably used.
- a nitrogen-containing insulating film such as a silicon nitride film, a silicon nitride oxide film, an aluminum nitride film, or a hafnium nitride film can be preferably used.
- the description of the insulating film which can be used for the insulating layer 110 can be referred to.
- the insulating layers 103a and 103c are preferably dense films that can prevent diffusion of impurities from below.
- the insulating layer 103a is preferably a film capable of blocking impurities contained in the substrate 102
- the insulating layer 103c is preferably a film capable of blocking hydrogen or water contained in the insulating layer 103b. Therefore, for the insulating layers 103a and 103c, an insulating film formed at a lower film formation rate than the insulating layer 103b can be used.
- the insulating layer 103b it is preferable to use an insulating film formed under the condition of low stress and high film formation rate.
- the insulating layer 103b is preferably formed thicker than the insulating layers 103a and 103c.
- the insulating layer 103b is a film more than the other two insulating films.
- the film has a low density. Therefore, in a transmission electron microscope image or the like in the cross section of the insulating layer 103, it may be possible to observe as a difference in contrast. Note that the boundary between the insulating layer 103a and the insulating layer 103b and the boundary between the insulating layer 103b and the insulating layer 103c may be unclear in some cases, and therefore, in FIG.
- the insulating layer 103d in contact with the semiconductor layer 108 is preferably a dense insulating film in which impurities such as water are less likely to be adsorbed on the surface.
- impurities such as water are less likely to be adsorbed on the surface.
- the same insulating film as the insulating layer 110c included in the insulating layer 110 can be used as the insulating layer 103d.
- the transistor 100 preferably has a region where the insulating layer 103c and the insulating layer 116 are in contact with each other.
- An enlarged view of a region Q surrounded by a chain line in FIG. 1B is shown in FIG. 3A, and an enlarged view of a region R surrounded by a chain line in FIG. 1C is shown in FIG. 3B.
- the insulating layer 116 in a region which does not overlap with the semiconductor layer 108 in the channel length direction is provided in contact with the insulating layer 103c.
- the end portion of the insulating layer 103d is substantially aligned with the end portion of the semiconductor layer 108.
- the insulating layer 116 in a region that does not overlap the insulating layer 110 in the channel width direction is provided in contact with the insulating layer 103c. Further, the end portion of the insulating layer 103d is substantially aligned with the end portion of the insulating layer 110. For example, when the insulating layer 110 is formed, the insulating film to be the insulating layer 103d in a region which does not overlap with the insulating layer 110 is also removed so that the end portion of the insulating layer 103d and the end portion of the insulating layer 110 are approximately aligned with each other. You can
- an insulating film containing nitrogen can be preferably used as each of the insulating layer 116 and the insulating layer 103c.
- the end portion of the insulating layer 103d may be configured to substantially match the end portion of the semiconductor layer 108.
- the insulating film to be the insulating layer 103d in a region which does not overlap with the semiconductor layer 108 is also removed so that the end portion of the insulating layer 103d and the end portion of the semiconductor layer 108 are approximately aligned with each other.
- the film thickness of the insulating layer 103c in the region which does not overlap with the semiconductor layer 108 may be smaller than the film thickness of the insulating layer 103c in the region overlapping with the semiconductor layer 108.
- FIG. 4A shows an enlarged view of a region Q surrounded by the alternate long and short dash line in FIG. 1B.
- FIG. 4A shows that the insulating layer 103c in a region which does not overlap with the semiconductor layer 108 has a smaller film thickness than the insulating layer 103c in a region overlapping with the semiconductor layer 108, and the insulating layer 103c has a small film thickness in an insulating region.
- the layer 103c and the insulating layer 116 are in contact with each other.
- the film thickness of the insulating layer 103c in a region not overlapping the insulating layer 110 may be smaller than the film thickness of the insulating layer 103c in a region overlapping the insulating layer 110.
- An enlarged view of the region R surrounded by the alternate long and short dash line in FIG. 1C is shown in FIGS. 4B and 4C.
- the thickness of the insulating layer 103c in a region which does not overlap with the insulating layer 110 is smaller than the thickness of the insulating layer 103c in a region overlapping with the insulating layer 110, and the thickness of the insulating layer 103c is small.
- the end portion of the insulating layer 103d is substantially aligned with the end portion of the insulating layer 110.
- the end portion of the insulating layer 103d is substantially aligned with the end portion of the semiconductor layer 108.
- FIGS. 4A, 4B, and 4C show an example in which the insulating layer 103c and the insulating layer 116 are in contact with each other, one embodiment of the present invention is not limited to this.
- the insulating layer 103b may be exposed and the insulating layer 103b and the insulating layer 116 may be in contact with each other.
- the insulating layer 103a may be exposed and the insulating layer 103a and the insulating layer 116 may be in contact with each other.
- the end portion of the insulating layer 110 and the end portion of the metal oxide layer 114 each have a tapered shape.
- the coverage with a layer (eg, the insulating layer 116) formed over the insulating layer 110 and the metal oxide layer 114 is improved, and a defect such as a step break or a void occurs in the layer. Can be suppressed.
- a part of the conductive layer 112 functions as a gate electrode.
- Part of the insulating layer 110 functions as a gate insulating layer.
- the transistor 100 is a so-called top-gate transistor in which a gate electrode is provided over the semiconductor layer 108.
- the transistor 100 may include a conductive layer 120a and a conductive layer 120b over the insulating layer 118.
- the conductive layers 120a and 120b function as a source electrode or a drain electrode.
- the conductive layers 120a and 120b are electrically connected to the region 108N through the openings 141a and 141b provided in the insulating layer 118 and the insulating layer 116, respectively.
- the semiconductor layer 108 preferably contains a metal oxide.
- the semiconductor layer 108 includes indium and an element M (the element M is gallium, aluminum, silicon, boron, yttrium, tin, copper, vanadium, beryllium, titanium, iron, nickel, germanium, zirconium, molybdenum, lanthanum, cerium, It is preferable to have one or more kinds selected from neodymium, hafnium, tantalum, tungsten, or magnesium) and zinc.
- the element M is preferably one or more selected from aluminum, gallium, yttrium, or tin.
- an oxide containing indium, gallium, and zinc for the semiconductor layer 108.
- the semiconductor layer 108 may have a stacked structure in which layers having different compositions, layers having different crystallinity, or layers having different impurity concentrations are stacked.
- parasitic resistance can be reduced, a transistor having high on-state current can be obtained, and a semiconductor device with high on-state current can be obtained.
- the wiring resistance is reduced to suppress signal delay and high-speed driving becomes possible.
- the conductive layer 112 copper, silver, gold, aluminum, or the like can be used. In particular, copper is preferable because it has low resistance and is excellent in mass productivity.
- the conductive layer 112 may have a laminated structure.
- the second conductive layer is provided over or under the low-resistance first conductive layer or both.
- the second conductive layer it is preferable to use a conductive material that is less likely to be oxidized (has oxidation resistance) than the first conductive layer. Further, it is preferable to use a material that suppresses the diffusion of the components of the first conductive layer as the second conductive layer.
- the second conductive layer for example, indium oxide, indium zinc oxide, indium tin oxide (ITO), indium tin oxide containing silicon (ITSO), metal oxide such as zinc oxide, titanium nitride, or nitride.
- a metal nitride such as tantalum, molybdenum nitride, or tungsten nitride can be preferably used.
- the metal oxide layer 114 located between the insulating layer 110 and the conductive layer 112 functions as a barrier film that prevents oxygen contained in the insulating layer 110 from diffusing to the conductive layer 112 side. Further, the metal oxide layer 114 also functions as a barrier film which prevents hydrogen and water contained in the conductive layer 112 from diffusing to the insulating layer 110 side.
- a material that is less permeable to oxygen and hydrogen than at least the insulating layer 110 can be used.
- the metal oxide layer 114 can prevent diffusion of oxygen from the insulating layer 110 to the conductive layer 112 even when a metal material such as aluminum or copper which easily absorbs oxygen is used for the conductive layer 112. .. Even when the conductive layer 112 contains hydrogen, hydrogen can be prevented from diffusing from the conductive layer 112 to the semiconductor layer 108 through the insulating layer 110. As a result, the carrier concentration in the channel formation region of the semiconductor layer 108 can be extremely low.
- the metal oxide layer 114 can use an insulating material or a conductive material. When the metal oxide layer 114 has an insulating property, it functions as part of the gate insulating layer. On the other hand, when the metal oxide layer 114 has conductivity, it functions as part of the gate electrode.
- an insulating material having a higher dielectric constant than silicon oxide for the metal oxide layer 114.
- a metal oxide can be used as the metal oxide layer 114.
- an oxide containing indium such as indium oxide, indium zinc oxide, indium tin oxide (ITO), or indium tin oxide containing silicon (ITSO) can be used.
- ITO indium tin oxide
- ITSO indium tin oxide containing silicon
- a conductive oxide containing indium is preferable because it has high conductivity.
- ITSO does not easily crystallize due to the inclusion of silicon and has high flatness, adhesion with a film formed on ITSO is increased.
- a metal oxide such as zinc oxide or zinc oxide containing gallium can be used.
- the metal oxide layer 114 may have a stacked structure.
- the metal oxide layer 114 it is preferable to use an oxide material containing one or more elements that are the same as those of the semiconductor layer 108. In particular, it is preferable to use an oxide semiconductor material applicable to the semiconductor layer 108. At this time, it is preferable to use, as the metal oxide layer 114, a metal oxide film formed using the same sputtering target as that for the semiconductor layer 108 because the device can be shared.
- the metal oxide material containing indium and gallium is used for both the semiconductor layer 108 and the metal oxide layer 114
- a material having a higher gallium composition (content ratio) than that of the semiconductor layer 108 is used, oxygen blocking is achieved. It is preferable because the property can be further enhanced.
- the field-effect mobility of the transistor 100 can be increased.
- the metal oxide layer 114 is preferably formed using a sputtering device.
- oxygen can be added to the insulating layer 110 and the semiconductor layer 108 by forming the oxide film in an atmosphere containing oxygen gas.
- the semiconductor layer 108 has a channel formation region which overlaps with the conductive layer 112 with the insulating layer 110 interposed therebetween. Further, the semiconductor layer 108 has a pair of regions 108N sandwiching the channel formation region. The region 108N is a region of the semiconductor layer 108 which does not overlap with the conductive layer 112 or the insulating layer 110 and is in contact with the insulating layer 116.
- the region 108N can also be referred to as a region having lower resistance than the channel formation region, a region having high carrier concentration, a region having high oxygen defect density, a region having high impurity concentration, or an n-type region.
- the region 108N is a region containing an impurity element (first element).
- the impurity element include hydrogen, boron, carbon, nitrogen, fluorine, phosphorus, sulfur, arsenic, aluminum, magnesium, or a rare gas.
- typical examples of rare gases include helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, and the like.
- the impurity concentration in the region 108N has a concentration gradient such that the concentration is higher as it is closer to the insulating layer 116.
- the total amount of the impurity elements in the region 108N can be reduced as compared with the case where the concentration is uniform over the entire region 108N, so that impurities which can diffuse into the channel formation region due to heat or the like in the manufacturing process can be reduced.
- the amount can be kept low. Further, since the resistance becomes lower toward the upper portion of the region 108N, the contact resistance with the conductive layer 120a (or the conductive layer 120b) can be reduced more effectively.
- the treatment of adding the impurity element to the region 108N can be performed using the insulating layer 110 as a mask. Thereby, the region 108N can be formed in a self-aligned manner.
- the region 108N has an impurity concentration of 1 ⁇ 10 19 atoms / cm 3 or more and 1 ⁇ 10 23 atoms / cm 3 or less, preferably 5 ⁇ 10 19 atoms / cm 3 or more, 5 ⁇ 10 22 atoms / cm 3 or less, It is more preferable to include a region of 1 ⁇ 10 20 atoms / cm 3 or more and 1 ⁇ 10 22 atoms / cm 3 or less.
- the concentration of impurities included in the region 108N can be analyzed by, for example, an analysis method such as secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS: Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry) or X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS: X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy).
- an analysis method such as secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS: Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry) or X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS: X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy).
- SIMS Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry
- XPS X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy
- the impurity element preferably exists in an oxidized state.
- an easily oxidizable element such as boron, phosphorus, magnesium, aluminum, or silicon
- Such an element that is easily oxidized can exist stably in a state where it is oxidized by being combined with oxygen in the semiconductor layer 108, and therefore, at a high temperature (for example, 400 ° C or higher, 600 ° C or higher, or 800 ° C or higher) in a later step. ), The desorption is suppressed. Further, a large number of oxygen vacancies (V 2 O 3 ) are generated in the region 108N because the impurity element deprives oxygen in the semiconductor layer 108.
- the oxygen vacancy (V O) containing hydrogen in the film defects hereinafter, referred to as V O H
- V O H oxygen vacancy
- the semiconductor layer 108 be covered with the insulating layer 116 having a high barrier property against oxygen.
- the insulating layer 116 is provided in contact with the region 108N of the semiconductor layer 108.
- the insulating layer 116 functions as a hydrogen supply source for the region 108N.
- the insulating layer 116 is preferably a film which releases hydrogen by heating.
- the insulating layer 116 is preferably a film formed by using a gas containing hydrogen as a film forming gas used during film formation. Accordingly, hydrogen can be effectively supplied to the region 108N even when the insulating layer 116 is formed.
- an insulating film of silicon nitride, silicon nitride oxide, silicon oxynitride, aluminum nitride, aluminum nitride oxide, or the like can be used.
- the region 108N is in a state of containing a large amount of oxygen deficiency by adding the impurity element as described above. Therefore, by further supplying hydrogen from the insulating layer 116 in addition to hydrogen contained in the semiconductor layer 108, the carrier concentration can be further increased.
- the insulating layer 118 functions as a protective layer that protects the transistor 100.
- an inorganic insulating material such as an oxide or a nitride can be used.
- an inorganic insulating material such as silicon nitride, silicon nitride oxide, silicon oxynitride, aluminum oxide, aluminum oxynitride, aluminum nitride, hafnium oxide, or hafnium aluminate can be used.
- the insulating layer 118 can be used as a planarization layer. In that case, an organic resin material can be used for the insulating layer 118.
- the insulating layer 118 may not be provided if unnecessary. Further, the insulating layer 118 may have a stacked structure including two or more layers.
- Oxygen deficiency formed in the channel formation region of the semiconductor layer 108 is a problem because it affects transistor characteristics. For example, when oxygen vacancies are formed in the semiconductor layer 108, hydrogen enters the oxygen vacancies and can serve as a carrier supply source. When a carrier supply source is generated in the channel formation region, variation in electric characteristics of the transistor 100, typically, shift in threshold voltage occurs. Therefore, it is preferable that the oxygen deficiency is smaller in the channel formation region.
- the insulating film in the vicinity of the channel formation region of the semiconductor layer 108, specifically, the insulating layer 110 above the channel formation region and the insulating layer 103 below is oxidized.
- the structure includes a physical film. Oxygen vacancies in the channel formation region can be reduced by moving oxygen from the insulating layer 103 and the insulating layer 110 to the channel formation region by heat during the manufacturing process.
- the semiconductor layer 108 preferably has a region in which the atomic ratio of In to the element M is larger than 1. The higher the In content, the higher the field effect mobility of the transistor.
- the bond strength between In and oxygen is weaker than the bond strength between Ga and oxygen. Oxygen deficiency is easily formed in the. Further, the same tendency is obtained when the metal element represented by M is used instead of Ga. When many oxygen vacancies are present in the metal oxide film, electric characteristics of the transistor are deteriorated and reliability is deteriorated.
- an extremely large amount of oxygen can be supplied to the channel formation region of the semiconductor layer 108 containing a metal oxide; thus, a metal oxide material with a high In content can be used.
- a transistor having extremely high field-effect mobility, stable electrical characteristics, and high reliability can be realized.
- a metal oxide having an atomic ratio of In to the element M of 1.5 or more, or 2 or more, or 3 or more, or 3.5 or more, or 4 or more can be preferably used.
- a display device with a narrow frame width (also referred to as a narrow frame) can be provided by using the above transistor with high field-effect mobility for a gate driver that generates a gate signal. Further, by using the above transistor having high field-effect mobility as a source driver (in particular, a demultiplexer connected to an output terminal of a shift register included in the source driver), a display with a small number of wirings connected to a display device can be displayed. A device can be provided.
- the field effect mobility may be low if the semiconductor layer 108 has high crystallinity.
- the crystallinity of the semiconductor layer 108 can be analyzed, for example, by using X-ray diffraction (XRD: X-Ray Diffraction) or by using a transmission electron microscope (TEM).
- the carrier concentration in the film can be lowered by lowering the impurity concentration and lowering the defect level density (reducing oxygen vacancies).
- a transistor including such a metal oxide film in a channel formation region of a semiconductor layer rarely has negative threshold voltage (is rarely normally on).
- a transistor including such a metal oxide film can have characteristics in which off-state current is extremely small.
- the semiconductor layer 108 is a metal oxide film having a CAAC (c-axis aligned crystal) structure described later, a metal oxide film having an nc (nano crystal) structure, or a metal oxide film having a mixed CAAC structure and nc structure. Is preferably used.
- the semiconductor layer 108 may have a laminated structure of two or more layers.
- the semiconductor layer 108 in which two or more metal oxide films having different compositions are laminated can be used.
- two or more of the films formed by a sputtering target which are in the vicinity of the above, are preferably used by stacking.
- a semiconductor layer 108 in which two or more metal oxide films having different crystallinity are stacked can be used. In that case, it is preferable that the same oxide target is used and the film forming conditions are made different so that the film is continuously formed without being exposed to the atmosphere.
- the semiconductor layer 108 can have a stacked structure of a metal oxide film having an nc structure and a metal oxide film having a CAAC structure.
- a stacked structure of a metal oxide film having an nc structure and a metal oxide film having an nc structure may be used. Note that the description of CAC (Cloud-Aligned Composite) described later can be referred to for the function of the metal oxide or the structure of the material that can be preferably used for the metal oxide film.
- CAC Cloud-Aligned Composite
- the oxygen flow rate ratio at the time of forming the first metal oxide film to be formed first is made smaller than the oxygen flow rate ratio at the time of forming the second metal oxide film to be formed later.
- the condition is that oxygen is not flowed at the time of forming the first metal oxide film. This makes it possible to effectively supply oxygen during the formation of the second metal oxide film.
- the first metal oxide film has lower crystallinity and higher electrical conductivity than the second metal oxide film.
- the second metal oxide film provided thereover has higher crystallinity than that of the first metal oxide film, damage during processing of the semiconductor layer 108 or formation of the insulating layer 110 is prevented. Can be suppressed.
- the oxygen flow rate ratio at the time of forming the first metal oxide film is 0% or more and less than 50%, preferably 0% or more and 30% or less, more preferably 0% or more and 20% or less, typically The target is 10%.
- the oxygen flow rate ratio during the formation of the second metal oxide film is 50% or more and 100% or less, preferably 60% or more and 100% or less, more preferably 80% or more and 100% or less, and further preferably 90% or more. 100% or less, typically 100%.
- the first metal oxide film and the second metal oxide film may have different conditions such as pressure, temperature, and power at the time of film formation, but the conditions other than the oxygen flow rate ratio are the same. This is preferable because the time required for the film formation process can be shortened.
- the transistor 100 having excellent electrical characteristics and high reliability can be realized.
- FIG. 5A is a top view of the transistor 100A
- FIG. 5B is a cross-sectional view of the transistor 100A in the channel length direction
- FIG. 5C is a cross-sectional view of the transistor 100A in the channel width direction.
- An enlarged view of the region P surrounded by the alternate long and short dash line in FIG. 5B is shown in FIG. 6A.
- An enlarged view of the region R surrounded by the alternate long and short dash line in FIG. 5C is shown in FIG. 6B.
- the transistor 100A mainly differs from the transistor 100 in that the end of the conductive layer 112 is located inside the end of the metal oxide layer 114.
- the insulating layer 116 is provided in contact with the top surface and the side surface of the metal oxide layer.
- the end of the conductive layer 112 is located inside the end of the metal oxide layer 114.
- the metal oxide layer 114 has a portion which projects outward from the end portion of the conductive layer 112 at least over the insulating layer 110.
- the step difference between the side surfaces of the conductive layer 112 and the metal oxide layer 114 becomes gentle, so that the conductive layer 112 and the metal oxide layer 114 can be formed.
- the step coverage of the layer (eg, the insulating layer 116) formed over the layer 114 can be improved, and defects such as step breaks and voids in the layer can be suppressed.
- a wet etching method can be preferably used for forming the conductive layer 112 and the metal oxide layer 114.
- the end portion of the conductive layer 112 can be located inside the end portion of the metal oxide layer 114.
- the metal oxide layer 114 and the conductive layer 112 can be formed in the same step, and productivity can be improved.
- FIG. 7A is a top view of the transistor 100B
- FIG. 7B is a cross-sectional view of the transistor 100B in the channel length direction
- FIG. 7C is a cross-sectional view of the transistor 100B in the channel width direction.
- An enlarged view of the region P surrounded by the one-dot chain line in FIG. 7B is shown in FIG. 8A.
- An enlarged view of the region Q surrounded by the alternate long and short dash line in FIG. 7B is shown in FIG. 8B.
- An enlarged view of the region R surrounded by the alternate long and short dash line in FIG. 7C is shown in FIG. 8C.
- the transistor 100B mainly differs from the transistor 100A in that the insulating layer 116 has a laminated structure.
- the insulating layer 116 can have a stacked structure including two or more layers.
- the insulating layer 116 has a laminated structure, it is not limited to a laminated structure made of the same material and may have a laminated structure made of different materials.
- the insulating layer 116 has a two-layer structure including an insulating layer 116a and an insulating layer 116b on the insulating layer 116a.
- a material that can be used for the insulating layer 116 can be used.
- the insulating layer 116a and the insulating layer 116b may be made of the same material or different materials. Note that since the insulating layers 116a and 116b can be formed using insulating films of the same material, the interfaces between the insulating layers 116a and 116b may not be clearly confirmed. Therefore, in this embodiment, the interface between the insulating layer 116a and the insulating layer 116b is illustrated by a dashed line.
- the insulating layer 116 is in contact with the region 108N and functions as a hydrogen supply source to the region 108N.
- the insulating layer 116 is preferably a film which releases hydrogen when heat is applied.
- the insulating layer 116 can be formed in an atmosphere containing hydrogen.
- the insulating layer 116 is preferably formed by a plasma CVD method using a deposition gas containing hydrogen.
- a silicon nitride film can be formed using a deposition gas containing silane gas and ammonia gas.
- a large amount of hydrogen can be contained in the insulating layer 116 by using ammonia gas in addition to silane gas. Further, even when the insulating layer 116 is formed, hydrogen can be supplied to the exposed portion of the semiconductor layer 108.
- the exposed region of the semiconductor layer 108 may be reduced when the insulating layer 116 is formed.
- the surface of the semiconductor layer 108 is reduced, the roughness of the surface of the semiconductor layer 108 becomes large, and defects such as step breaks and voids occur in a layer formed over the semiconductor layer 108 (eg, the insulating layer 116). There is.
- the atmosphere used for forming the insulating layer 116a located on the semiconductor layer 108 side contains less hydrogen than the atmosphere used for forming the insulating layer 116b.
- a mixed gas of silane, nitrogen, and ammonia is used for forming each of the insulating layer 116a and the insulating layer 116b, and the flow rate of ammonia used for forming the insulating layer 116a is lower than the flow rate of ammonia used for forming the insulating layer 116b. be able to.
- the insulating layer 116a preferably has a region with a low hydrogen concentration. With such a structure, reduction of the surface of the semiconductor layer 108 can be suppressed.
- the film densities are different; therefore, a transmission electron microscope (TEM) image in a cross section of the insulating layer 110 is used.
- TEM transmission electron microscope
- these boundaries can be observed as a difference in contrast.
- the insulating layer 116a may have a region with a higher film density than the insulating layer 116b.
- TE transmitted electron
- TE transmitted electron
- the insulating layer 116a may have a darker (darker) image than the insulating layer 116b. Further, the insulating layer 116a may have a region where the hydrogen concentration in the film is lower than that of the insulating layer 116b.
- the difference in hydrogen concentration between the insulating layer 116a and the insulating layer 116b can be evaluated by, for example, secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS).
- SIMS secondary ion mass spectrometry
- the insulating layer 116b is preferably made of a material having a blocking property against hydrogen, water and oxygen. Further, the insulating layer 116b preferably has higher blocking properties against hydrogen, water, and oxygen than the insulating layer 116a. Since the insulating layer 116b provided over the insulating layer 116a has a blocking property with respect to hydrogen, water, and oxygen, diffusion of hydrogen from the outside to the semiconductor layer 108 and diffusion of water are suppressed, and at the same time, from the semiconductor layer 108 Oxygen desorption to the outside can be suppressed, and a highly reliable transistor can be realized.
- the insulating layer 116 in contact with the semiconductor layer 108 preferably has few defects in the film.
- a defect in the silicon nitride film is typically a K center or the like.
- the K center is caused by a dangling bond of silicon and can be evaluated by an electron spin resonance method (ESR: Electron Spin Resonance).
- the number of defects in the insulating layer 116a may be larger than that of the insulating layer 116b. is there. Therefore, when the insulating layer 116 has a single-layer structure including only the insulating layer 116a, defects in the film of the entire insulating layer 116 increase. Therefore, when the insulating layer 116 has a stacked-layer structure of the insulating layer 116a and the insulating layer 116b, defects in the film of the insulating layer 116 as a whole can be reduced.
- the film thickness of the insulating layer 116b is preferably 0.5 times or more and 30 times or less, more preferably 1 time or more and 25 times or less, further preferably 2 times or more and 20 times or less, and further more than the film thickness of the insulating layer 116a. It is preferably 3 times or more and 10 times or less, and more preferably 4 times or more and 5 times or less.
- the insulating layer 116 has a stacked-layer structure, the insulating layer 116 has a blocking property against hydrogen, water, and oxygen, and suppresses reduction of the surface of the semiconductor layer 108 when the insulating layer 116 is formed, The amount of defects in the insulating layer 116 can be reduced.
- the insulating layer 116a and the insulating layer 116b are preferably formed continuously using a plasma CVD apparatus without being exposed to the atmosphere. By continuously forming the films, impurities can be suppressed from being attached to the interface between the insulating layers 116a and 116b. Further, it is preferable that the insulating layer 116a, the insulating layer 116b, and the insulating layer 118 be successively formed using a plasma CVD apparatus without being exposed to the air. By continuously forming the films, impurities can be suppressed from being attached to the interface between the insulating layer 116a and the insulating layer 116b and the interface between the insulating layer 116b and the insulating layer 118.
- FIG. 9A is a top view of the transistor 100C
- FIG. 9B is a cross-sectional view of the transistor 100C in the channel length direction
- FIG. 9C is a cross-sectional view of the transistor 100C in the channel width direction.
- the transistor 100C mainly differs from the transistor 100 in that the conductive layer 106 is provided between the substrate 102 and the insulating layer 103.
- the conductive layer 106 has a region overlapping with the channel formation region of the semiconductor layer 108, the metal oxide layer 114, and the conductive layer 112.
- the conductive layer 106 has a function as a first gate electrode (also referred to as a bottom gate electrode) and the conductive layer 112 has a function as a second gate electrode (also referred to as a top gate electrode). ..
- part of the insulating layer 103 functions as a first gate insulating layer and part of the insulating layer 110 functions as a second gate insulating layer.
- a portion of the semiconductor layer 108 which overlaps with at least one of the conductive layer 112 and the conductive layer 106, functions as a channel formation region. Note that in the following, a portion of the semiconductor layer 108 which overlaps with the conductive layer 112 may be referred to as a channel formation region in order to facilitate description; however, actually, the portion of the semiconductor layer 108 does not overlap with the conductive layer 112 but overlaps with the conductive layer 106. A channel can be formed in a portion (a portion including the region 108N).
- the conductive layer 106 is electrically connected to the conductive layer 112 through the openings 142 provided in the metal oxide layer 114, the insulating layer 110, and the insulating layer 103. May be. Accordingly, the same potential can be applied to the conductive layer 106 and the conductive layer 112.
- the conductive layer 106 can be made of the same material as the conductive layer 112, the conductive layer 120a, or the conductive layer 120b. In particular, it is preferable to use a material containing copper for the conductive layer 106 because wiring resistance can be reduced. When a material containing a refractory metal such as tungsten or molybdenum is used for the conductive layer 106, treatment can be performed at a high temperature in a later step.
- the conductive layer 112 and the conductive layer 106 project outward from the end portion of the semiconductor layer 108 in the channel width direction.
- the entire semiconductor layer 108 in the channel width direction is covered with the conductive layer 112 and the conductive layer 106 with the insulating layer 110 and the insulating layer 103 interposed therebetween.
- the semiconductor layer 108 can be electrically surrounded by an electric field generated by the pair of gate electrodes. At this time, it is particularly preferable to apply the same potential to the conductive layer 106 and the conductive layer 112. Thus, an electric field for inducing a channel can be effectively applied to the semiconductor layer 108, so that the on-state current of the transistor 100C can be increased. Therefore, the transistor 100C can be miniaturized.
- the conductive layer 112 and the conductive layer 106 may not be connected. At this time, a constant potential may be supplied to one of the pair of gate electrodes and a signal for driving the transistor 100C may be supplied to the other. At this time, the threshold voltage when the transistor 100C is driven by the other electrode can be controlled by the potential applied to the one electrode.
- the insulating layer 103 may have a laminated structure.
- 9B and 9C show an example in which an insulating layer 103a, an insulating layer 103b, an insulating layer 103c, and an insulating layer 103d are stacked in this order from the conductive layer 106 side.
- the insulating layer 103a is in contact with the conductive layer 106.
- the insulating layer 103a is preferably a film which can block a metal element contained in the conductive layer 106. Since the above description can be referred to for the insulating layer 103a, the insulating layer 103b, the insulating layer 103c, and the insulating layer 103d, detailed description thereof is omitted.
- the insulating layer 103a is not provided and the three insulating films of the insulating layer 103b, the insulating layer 103c, and the insulating layer 103d are provided. May be laminated.
- Example 1 of manufacturing method> A method for manufacturing a semiconductor device of one embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.
- the transistor 100C illustrated in the above configuration example will be described as an example.
- the thin films (insulating film, semiconductor film, conductive film, etc.) constituting the semiconductor device are sputtering method, chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method, vacuum vapor deposition method, pulse laser deposition (PLD) method, atomic layer deposition (ALD). ) Method etc. can be used.
- CVD method include a plasma chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) method and a thermal CVD method.
- PECVD plasma chemical vapor deposition
- MOCVD metal organic chemical vapor deposition
- Thin films (insulating films, semiconductor films, conductive films, etc.) that compose semiconductor devices are spin coat, dip, spray coat, inkjet, dispense, screen print, offset print, doctor knife, slit coat, roll coat, curtain coat, knife. It can be formed by a method such as coating.
- the thin film that constitutes the semiconductor device can be processed using photolithography.
- the thin film may be processed by a nanoimprint method, a sandblast method, a lift-off method, or the like.
- the island-shaped thin film may be directly formed by a film forming method using a shielding mask such as a metal mask.
- the photolithography method typically has the following two methods. One is a method of forming a resist mask on a thin film to be processed, processing the thin film by etching or the like, and removing the resist mask. The other is a method in which a thin film having photosensitivity is formed and then exposed and developed to process the thin film into a desired shape.
- the light used for exposure can be, for example, i-line (wavelength 365 nm), g-line (wavelength 436 nm), h-line (wavelength 405 nm), or a mixture thereof.
- ultraviolet light, KrF laser light, ArF laser light, or the like can be used.
- the exposure may be performed by a liquid immersion exposure technique.
- extreme ultraviolet light (EUV) may be used or X-ray.
- an electron beam may be used instead of the light used for exposure.
- the use of extreme ultraviolet light, X-rays or electron beams is preferable because it enables extremely fine processing. Note that a photomask is not necessary when exposure is performed by scanning a beam such as an electron beam.
- etching of the thin film a dry etching method, a wet etching method, a sandblast method, etc. can be used.
- FIGS. 10 to 14 shows a cross section at each stage of the manufacturing process of the transistor 100C.
- a cross section in the channel length direction is shown on the left side of the central broken line, and a cross section in the channel width direction is shown on the right side.
- a conductive film is formed over the substrate 102 and processed by etching to form the conductive layer 106 which functions as a first gate electrode (FIG. 10A).
- the insulating layer 103 is formed so as to cover the substrate 102 and the conductive layer 106 (FIG. 10B).
- the insulating layer 103 can be formed by a PECVD method, an ALD method, a sputtering method, or the like.
- the insulating layer 103 is formed by stacking an insulating layer 103a, an insulating layer 103b, an insulating layer 103c, and an insulating layer 103d.
- each insulating layer forming the insulating layer 103 is preferably formed by a PECVD method.
- the insulating layer 103a preferably has a function of blocking impurities. Providing the insulating layer 103a can suppress diffusion of impurities from a layer lower than the insulating layer 103 to a layer higher than the insulating layer 103.
- the insulating layer 103b preferably has low stress and high withstand voltage. By providing the insulating layer 103b, the insulating layer 103 with low stress and high withstand voltage can be obtained. It is preferable that the insulating layer 103c emit less impurities including hydrogen and have a function of blocking impurities including hydrogen. By providing the insulating layer 103c, hydrogen can be prevented from diffusing into the channel formation region. It is preferable that the insulating layer 103d have a low defect density and emit a small amount of impurities containing hydrogen.
- the insulating layer 103a is formed by a plasma CVD method using a mixed gas of silane, nitrogen, and ammonia. Next, a mixed gas having a higher ammonia flow rate than the insulating layer 103a is used to form an insulating layer 103b having low stress and high withstand voltage.
- an insulating layer 103c which has a small amount of hydrogen-containing impurities released and has a function of blocking the hydrogen-containing impurities is formed using a mixed gas in which an ammonia flow rate is lower than that of the insulating layer 103b.
- the insulating layer 103d can be formed by using a mixed gas of silane and dinitrogen monoxide to form the insulating layer 103d which has a low defect density and emits less hydrogen-containing impurities.
- the insulating layer 103a, the insulating layer 103b, the insulating layer 103c, and the insulating layer 103d can be continuously formed in a vacuum, and the insulating layer 103 is formed with high productivity. it can.
- plasma treatment is performed in an atmosphere containing oxygen to oxidize the surface of the insulating layer 103c, whereby the insulating layer 103d can be formed over the insulating layer 103c.
- the film density of the insulating layer 103b may be lower than that of the insulating layers 103a and 103c.
- the difference in film density among the insulating layers 103a, 103b, and 103c can be evaluated by, for example, the density (luminance) of the TEM image.
- the hydrogen concentration in the insulating layer 103b is higher than that in the insulating layers 103a and 103c.
- the difference in hydrogen concentration between the insulating layer 103a, the insulating layer 103b, and the insulating layer 103c can be evaluated by, for example, secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS).
- SIMS secondary ion mass spectrometry
- a process of supplying oxygen to the insulating layer 103 may be performed.
- plasma treatment or heat treatment in an oxygen atmosphere can be performed.
- oxygen may be supplied to the insulating layer 103 by a plasma ion doping method, an ion implantation method, or the like.
- the metal oxide film 108f is preferably formed by a sputtering method using a metal oxide target.
- an inert gas for example, helium gas, argon gas, xenon gas, etc.
- an inert gas for example, helium gas, argon gas, xenon gas, etc.
- the crystallinity of the metal oxide film can be increased as the proportion of oxygen gas in the entire deposition gas when forming the metal oxide film (hereinafter also referred to as an oxygen flow rate ratio) can be increased, and the reliability can be improved.
- an oxygen flow rate ratio the lower the oxygen flow rate ratio, the lower the crystallinity of the metal oxide film, and the transistor with higher on-current can be obtained.
- the semiconductor layer 108 has a layered structure, it is preferable to continuously form films in the same film formation chamber using the same sputtering target because the interface can be made favorable.
- the conditions such as pressure, temperature, and power at the time of film formation may be different, but by making the conditions other than the oxygen flow rate ratio the same, This is preferable because the time can be shortened.
- the deposition conditions are set so that the metal oxide film 108f is a metal oxide film having a CAAC structure, a metal oxide film having an nc structure, or a metal oxide film in which a CAAC structure and an nc structure are mixed.
- the film formation conditions for forming a metal oxide film having a CAAC structure and the film formation conditions for having an nc structure are different depending on the composition of a sputtering target to be used; In addition to the flow rate ratio, pressure, power, etc. may be set appropriately.
- the metal oxide film 108f may be formed at a substrate temperature of room temperature or higher and 450 ° C. or lower, preferably room temperature or higher and 300 ° C. or lower, more preferably room temperature or higher and 200 ° C. or lower, still more preferably room temperature or higher and 140 ° C. or lower.
- a substrate temperature of room temperature or higher and 450 ° C. or lower preferably room temperature or higher and 300 ° C. or lower, more preferably room temperature or higher and 200 ° C. or lower, still more preferably room temperature or higher and 140 ° C. or lower.
- the film forming temperature to room temperature or higher and lower than 140 ° C. because productivity becomes high.
- the crystallinity can be lowered by forming the metal oxide film with the substrate temperature kept at room temperature or without heating.
- a treatment for desorbing water, hydrogen, an organic component, or the like adsorbed on the surface of the insulating layer 103 or a treatment for supplying oxygen into the insulating layer 103 can be performed.
- heat treatment can be performed at a temperature of 70 ° C to 200 ° C in a reduced pressure atmosphere.
- plasma treatment may be performed in an atmosphere containing oxygen.
- organic substances on the surface of the insulating layer 103 can be preferably removed. After such treatment, it is preferable to continuously form a metal oxide film without exposing the surface of the insulating layer 103 to the air.
- the metal oxide film 108f is processed to form the island-shaped semiconductor layer 108 (FIG. 10D).
- either one or both of the wet etching method and the dry etching method may be used.
- a part of the insulating layer 103d which does not overlap with the semiconductor layer 108 may be etched and removed.
- the top surface shapes of the semiconductor layer 108 and the insulating layer 103d are approximately the same.
- a part of the insulating layer 103c is exposed, so that the insulating layer 116 formed later and the insulating layer 103c can be in contact with each other.
- heat treatment may be performed in order to remove hydrogen or water in the metal oxide film or the semiconductor layer 108.
- the temperature of the heat treatment can be typically 150 ° C. or higher and lower than the strain point of the substrate, 250 ° C. or higher and 450 ° C. or lower, or 300 ° C. or higher and 450 ° C. or lower. Note that heat treatment may not be performed after the metal oxide film is formed or after the semiconductor layer 108 is processed.
- the heat treatment may be performed at any stage after the metal oxide film is formed. It may also serve as a heat treatment or a step to which heat is applied later.
- Heat treatment can be performed in an atmosphere containing a rare gas or nitrogen. Alternatively, after heating in the atmosphere, heating may be performed in an atmosphere containing oxygen. Ultra dry air (CDA: Clean Dry Air) may be used as the atmosphere containing nitrogen or the atmosphere containing oxygen. Note that it is preferable that the atmosphere for the heat treatment does not contain hydrogen, water, or the like. By using a gas highly purified to a dew point of ⁇ 60 ° C. or lower, preferably ⁇ 100 ° C. or lower, hydrogen, water, and the like can be prevented from being taken into the semiconductor layer 108 as much as possible. An electric furnace, a rapid heating (RTA: Rapid Thermal Annealing) device, or the like can be used for the heat treatment. The heat treatment time can be shortened by using the RTA device.
- RTA Rapid Thermal Annealing
- the insulating film 110f is preferably formed immediately after the semiconductor layer 108 is formed.
- water may be adsorbed on the surface of the semiconductor layer 108.
- V O H is formed. Since V OH can be a carrier generation source, it is preferable that the amount of adsorbed water in the semiconductor layer 108 is small.
- an insulating film 110f is formed so as to cover the insulating layer 103 and the semiconductor layer 108 (FIG. 11A).
- the insulating film 110f is a film that will later become the insulating layer 110.
- the insulating film 110f is preferably formed using an oxide film such as a silicon oxide film or a silicon oxynitride film by using a plasma chemical vapor deposition apparatus (PECVD apparatus or simply plasma CVD apparatus). Alternatively, it may be formed by a PECVD method using microwaves.
- PECVD apparatus plasma chemical vapor deposition apparatus
- microwaves microwaves.
- an insulating film 110A to be the insulating layer 110a, an insulating film 110B to be the insulating layer 110b, and an insulating film 110C to be the insulating layer 110c are laminated in this order.
- each insulating film forming the insulating film 110f is preferably formed by PECVD.
- the insulating film 110A is formed by a plasma CVD method using a mixed gas of silane and dinitrogen monoxide.
- the insulating film 110B is formed under a high power condition using a mixed gas having a higher silane flow rate ratio to the nitrous oxide flow rate than the insulating film 110A.
- the insulating film 110C can be formed by using a mixed gas having a lower silane flow rate ratio to the nitrous oxide flow rate than the insulating film 110B and under a low pressure condition.
- the insulating film 110A, the insulating film 110B, and the insulating film 110C can be continuously formed in a vacuum, and the insulating film 110f can be formed with high productivity.
- Heat treatment may be performed after the insulating film 110f is formed. By performing the heat treatment, impurities in the insulating film 110f and adsorbed water on the surface of the insulating film 110f can be removed.
- the heat treatment can be performed at a temperature of 200 ° C. to 400 ° C. in an atmosphere containing one or more of nitrogen, oxygen, and a rare gas. Note that heat treatment may not be performed after the insulating film 110f is formed.
- the heat treatment may be performed at any stage after the insulating film 110f is formed. It may also serve as a heat treatment or a step to which heat is applied later.
- the plasma treatment can be performed on the surface of the semiconductor layer 108 before forming the insulating film 110f.
- impurities such as water adsorbed on the surface of the semiconductor layer 108 can be reduced. Therefore, impurities at the interface between the semiconductor layer 108 and the insulating film 110f can be reduced, so that a highly reliable transistor can be realized.
- the plasma treatment can be performed in an atmosphere of oxygen, ozone, nitrogen, dinitrogen monoxide, argon, or the like.
- the plasma treatment and the formation of the insulating film 110f be continuously performed without being exposed to the air.
- the insulating film 110f it is preferable to perform heat treatment after forming the insulating film 110f. Through the heat treatment, hydrogen or water contained in the insulating film 110f or adsorbed on the surface can be removed. In addition, defects in the insulating film 110f can be reduced.
- the treatment of supplying oxygen to the insulating film 110f may be performed.
- plasma treatment, heat treatment, or the like can be performed in an atmosphere containing oxygen.
- oxygen may be supplied to the insulating film 110f by a plasma ion doping method, an ion implantation method, or the like.
- a PECVD device can be preferably used.
- plasma treatment be continuously performed in a vacuum after the insulating film 110f is formed. The productivity can be improved by continuously forming the insulating film 110f and performing plasma treatment in a vacuum.
- the heat treatment is preferably performed after the film (eg, the metal oxide film 114f) is formed over the insulating film 110f.
- the film eg, the metal oxide film 114f
- oxygen supplied to the insulating film 110f might be released to the outside of the insulating film 110f.
- the metal oxide film 114f is a film that will later become the metal oxide layer 114.
- the metal oxide film 114f is preferably formed by a sputtering method in an atmosphere containing oxygen, for example. Accordingly, oxygen can be supplied to the insulating film 110f when the metal oxide film 114f is formed.
- the metal oxide film 114f is formed by a sputtering method using an oxide target containing a metal oxide similar to the case of the semiconductor layer 108.
- a metal oxide film may be formed by a reactive sputtering method using a metal target using oxygen as a film forming gas.
- a metal target using oxygen as a film forming gas.
- aluminum oxide film can be formed.
- the oxygen supplied to the layer 110 can be increased, which is preferable.
- the oxygen flow rate or the oxygen partial pressure is, for example, higher than 0% and 100% or less, preferably 10% or more and 100% or less, more preferably 20% or more and 100% or less, further preferably 30% or more and 100% or less, and further preferably Is 40% or more and 100% or less.
- the oxygen flow rate ratio be 100% and the oxygen partial pressure be as close to 100% as possible.
- oxygen is supplied to the insulating film 110f and oxygen is generated from the insulating film 110f when the metal oxide film 114f is formed. It is possible to prevent detachment. As a result, an extremely large amount of oxygen can be trapped in the insulating film 110f. Then, a large amount of oxygen is supplied to the channel formation region of the semiconductor layer 108 by heat treatment performed later, oxygen vacancies in the channel formation region can be reduced, and a highly reliable transistor can be realized.
- the metal oxide film 114f may have a substrate temperature of room temperature or higher and 450 ° C. or lower, preferably a substrate temperature of room temperature or higher and 300 ° C. or lower, more preferably room temperature or higher and 200 ° C. or lower, still more preferably room temperature or higher and 140 ° C. or lower.
- a substrate temperature of room temperature or higher and 300 ° C. or lower preferably room temperature or higher and 200 ° C. or lower
- the film formation temperature of the metal oxide film 114f is high, the crystallinity of the metal oxide film 114f may be high, and the etching rate may be slow.
- the deposition temperature of the metal oxide film 114f When the deposition temperature of the metal oxide film 114f is low, the crystallinity of the metal oxide film 114f may be low and the etching rate may be high.
- the deposition temperature of the metal oxide film 114f may be appropriately selected so that a desired etching rate can be obtained with respect to an etchant used for processing the metal oxide film 114f.
- Oxygen may be supplied from the insulating film 110f to the semiconductor layer 108 by performing heat treatment after the formation of the metal oxide film 114f.
- the heat treatment can be performed at a temperature of 200 ° C to 400 ° C in an atmosphere containing one or more of nitrogen, oxygen, and a rare gas. Note that heat treatment may not be performed after the metal oxide film 114f is formed. Further, the heat treatment may be performed at any stage after the metal oxide film 114f is formed. It may also serve as a heat treatment or a step to which heat is applied later.
- a conductive film 112f to be the conductive layer 112 is formed on the metal oxide film 114f (FIG. 11C).
- the conductive film 112f is preferably formed by a sputtering method using a metal or alloy sputtering target.
- a wet etching method can be preferably used for forming the conductive layer 112 and the metal oxide layer 114.
- an etchant containing hydrogen peroxide can be used for example.
- an etchant having one or more of phosphoric acid, acetic acid, nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, or sulfuric acid can be used.
- an etchant containing phosphoric acid, acetic acid, and nitric acid can be preferably used.
- Processing is performed so that the end portions of the conductive layer 112 and the metal oxide layer 114 are located inside the contour of the resist mask 115.
- a wet etching method is preferably used for forming the conductive layer 112 and the metal oxide layer 114.
- the width L2 of the region 108L can be controlled by adjusting the etching time.
- the conductive layer 112 and the metal oxide layer 114 are formed by etching the conductive film 112f and the metal oxide film 114f by an anisotropic etching method and then by using an isotropic etching method.
- the side faces of the metal oxide film 114f may be etched to make the end faces recede (also referred to as side etching).
- the conductive layer 112 and the metal oxide layer 114 located inside the insulating layer 110 can be formed in a plan view.
- the thickness of the insulating film 110f in a region overlapping with the conductive layer 112 is larger than that of the insulating film 110f in a region not overlapping with the conductive layer 112.
- the thickness may be thin.
- etching conditions or techniques may be used for forming the conductive layer 112 and the metal oxide layer 114, and etching may be performed at least twice.
- the conductive film 112f may be etched first, and then the metal oxide film 114f may be etched under different etching conditions.
- the insulating film 110f is removed in a region not covered with the resist mask 115 to form the insulating layer 110 (FIG. 12C).
- Either one or both of a wet etching method and a dry etching method can be used for forming the insulating layer 110.
- the insulating layer 110 may be formed in a state where the resist mask 115 is removed; however, by leaving the resist mask 115, it is possible to prevent the conductive layer 112 from being thinned. Further, when the insulating layer 110 is formed, the insulating layer 103d in a region not covered with the resist mask 115 may be removed.
- the width L2 of the region 108L can be controlled by adjusting the formation conditions of the insulating layer 110.
- the width of the resist mask 115 is reduced by using the condition that the resist mask 115 recedes when the insulating layer 110 is formed.
- the width of the resist mask 115 By reducing the width of the resist mask 115, the distance between the end portion of the resist mask 115 and the end portion of the conductive layer 112 is reduced, and as a result, the width L2 of the region 108L can be reduced.
- the resist mask 115 is removed.
- cleaning may be performed to remove impurities.
- impurities attached to exposed regions of the insulating layer 110 and the semiconductor layer 108 can be removed, and deterioration in electrical characteristics and reliability of the transistor can be suppressed.
- the impurities include, for example, a component of an etching gas or an etchant, a component of the conductive film 112f, a component of the metal oxide film 114f, or the like which is attached when the insulating film 110f is etched.
- cleaning method wet cleaning using a cleaning liquid or the like, or plasma treatment can be used. Further, these washings may be appropriately combined.
- a cleaning liquid containing oxalic acid, phosphoric acid, aqueous ammonia, hydrofluoric acid, or the like can be used.
- the insulating layer 116 is preferably formed by a plasma CVD method using a film forming gas containing hydrogen.
- a film forming gas containing hydrogen For example, a silicon nitride film is formed using a film forming gas containing silane gas and ammonia gas.
- ammonia gas in addition to silane gas, a large amount of hydrogen can be contained in the film. Further, even during film formation, hydrogen can be supplied to the exposed portion of the semiconductor layer 108.
- part of hydrogen released from the insulating layer 116 be supplied to part of the semiconductor layer 108 by performing heat treatment after the insulating layer 116 is formed.
- the heat treatment is preferably performed in an atmosphere containing at least one of nitrogen, oxygen, and a rare gas at a temperature of 150 ° C to 450 ° C inclusive, preferably 200 ° C to 400 ° C inclusive.
- an extremely low resistance region 108N can be formed in the semiconductor layer 108.
- oxygen can be supplied from the insulating layer 110 to the channel formation region of the semiconductor layer 108.
- the film formation temperature of the insulating layer 116 or the insulating layer 118 is, for example, 150 ° C to 400 ° C inclusive, preferably 180 ° C to 360 ° C inclusive, more preferably 200 ° C to 250 ° C inclusive.
- Heat treatment may be performed after the insulating layer 118 is formed.
- Opening 141a and Opening 141b [Formation of Opening 141a and Opening 141b] Subsequently, a mask is formed at a desired position of the insulating layer 118 by lithography, and then the insulating layer 118 and the insulating layer 116 are partly etched to form openings 141a and 141b reaching the region 108N.
- the transistor 100C can be manufactured.
- a wet etching method can be preferably used for forming the conductive layer 112 and the metal oxide layer 114. At this time, processing is performed so that the end portion of the metal oxide layer 114 is located inside the contour of the resist mask 115 and the end portion of the conductive layer 112 is located inside the contour of the metal oxide layer 114.
- the width L2 of the region 108L can be controlled by adjusting the etching time.
- the conductive layer 112 and the metal oxide layer 114 are formed by etching the conductive film 112f and the metal oxide film 114f by an anisotropic etching method and then by using an isotropic etching method.
- the side surface of the metal oxide film 114f may be etched to retreat the end surface.
- insulation of a region which does not overlap with the metal oxide layer 114 is larger than the thickness of the insulating film 110f in a region which overlaps with the metal oxide layer 114.
- the film thickness of the film 110f may be thin.
- the insulating film 110f is removed in a region not covered with the resist mask 115 to form the insulating layer 110 (FIG. 14B).
- Either one or both of a wet etching method and a dry etching method can be used for forming the insulating layer 110.
- the insulating layer 110 may be formed in a state where the resist mask 115 is removed; however, by leaving the resist mask 115, it is possible to prevent the conductive layer 112 from being thinned.
- the resist mask 115 is removed.
- the substrate 102 there is no particular limitation on the material of the substrate 102, but it is necessary that the substrate 102 have at least heat resistance high enough to withstand heat treatment performed later.
- a single crystal semiconductor substrate made of silicon or silicon carbide, a polycrystalline semiconductor substrate, a compound semiconductor substrate such as silicon germanium, an SOI substrate, a glass substrate, a ceramic substrate, a quartz substrate, a sapphire substrate, or the like is used as the substrate 102.
- a substrate provided with a semiconductor element may be used as the substrate 102.
- a flexible substrate may be used as the substrate 102, and the transistor 100 and the like may be directly formed on the flexible substrate.
- a separation layer may be provided between the substrate 102 and the transistor 100 or the like.
- the peeling layer can be used for separating a semiconductor device over the peeling layer, separating the substrate 102 from the substrate 102, and transferring the semiconductor device to another substrate. At that time, the transistor 100 and the like can be transferred to a substrate having low heat resistance or a flexible substrate.
- the insulating layer 103 can be formed by a sputtering method, a CVD method, an evaporation method, a pulsed laser deposition (PLD) method, or the like as appropriate.
- the insulating layer 103 can be formed as a single layer or a stacked layer of an oxide insulating film or a nitride insulating film, for example. Note that in order to improve interface characteristics with the semiconductor layer 108, at least a region of the insulating layer 103 which is in contact with the semiconductor layer 108 is preferably formed using an oxide insulating film.
- a film which releases oxygen by heating is preferably used for the insulating layer 103.
- silicon oxide, silicon oxynitride, silicon nitride oxide, silicon nitride, aluminum oxide, hafnium oxide, gallium oxide, Ga—Zn oxide, or the like may be used and can be provided as a single layer or a stacked layer.
- the surface in contact with the semiconductor layer 108 is subjected to pretreatment such as oxygen plasma treatment, or It is preferable to oxidize the vicinity of the surface.
- the conductive layer 106, the conductive layer 120a functioning as a source electrode, and the conductive layer 120b functioning as a drain electrode are chromium, copper, aluminum, gold, silver, zinc, molybdenum, tantalum, titanium, tungsten, manganese, nickel, iron, cobalt. It can be formed by using a metal element selected from the above, an alloy containing the above metal element as a component, an alloy in which the above metal elements are combined, or the like.
- the conductive layer 106, the conductive layer 120a, and the conductive layer 120b include an In—Sn oxide, an In—W oxide, an In—W—Zn oxide, an In—Ti oxide, an In—Ti—Sn oxide, and an In layer.
- an oxide conductor such as a -Zn oxide, an In-Sn-Si oxide, or an In-Ga-Zn oxide or a metal oxide film can be applied.
- the oxide conductor (OC: Oxide Conductor)
- OC Oxide Conductor
- a donor level is formed in the vicinity of the conduction band.
- the metal oxide has high conductivity and becomes a conductor.
- the metal oxide converted into a conductor can be referred to as an oxide conductor.
- the conductive layer 106 and the like may have a laminated structure of a conductive film containing the above oxide conductor (metal oxide) and a conductive film containing a metal or an alloy.
- a conductive film containing a metal or an alloy wiring resistance can be reduced.
- a conductive film containing an oxide conductor is preferably applied to the side which is in contact with the insulating layer functioning as a gate insulating film.
- the conductive layer 106, the conductive layer 120a, and the conductive layer 120b have any one or more selected from the above-mentioned metal elements, in particular, titanium, tungsten, tantalum, and molybdenum.
- metal elements in particular, titanium, tungsten, tantalum, and molybdenum.
- the insulating layer 110 functioning as a gate insulating film of the transistor 100 or the like can be formed by a PECVD method, a sputtering method, or the like.
- the insulating layer 110 is a silicon oxide film, a silicon oxynitride film, a silicon nitride oxide film, a silicon nitride film, an aluminum oxide film, a hafnium oxide film, a yttrium oxide film, a zirconium oxide film, a gallium oxide film, a tantalum oxide film, a magnesium oxide film.
- An insulating layer containing one or more of a lanthanum oxide film, a cerium oxide film, and a neodymium oxide film can be used. Note that the insulating layer 110 may have a stacked structure of two layers or a stacked structure of three or more layers.
- the insulating layer 110 in contact with the semiconductor layer 108 is preferably an oxide insulating film and more preferably has a region containing oxygen in excess of the stoichiometric composition.
- the insulating layer 110 is an insulating film capable of releasing oxygen.
- the insulating layer 110 is formed in an oxygen atmosphere, heat treatment in an oxygen atmosphere, plasma treatment, or the like is performed on the formed insulating layer 110, or the insulating layer 110 is formed over the insulating layer 110 in an oxygen atmosphere.
- Oxygen can be supplied into the insulating layer 110 by forming an oxide film or the like.
- the insulating layer 110 a material such as hafnium oxide having a higher relative dielectric constant than silicon oxide or silicon oxynitride can be used. This makes it possible to increase the thickness of the insulating layer 110 and suppress the leak current due to the tunnel current.
- Hafnium oxide having crystallinity is particularly preferable because it has a higher relative dielectric constant than amorphous hafnium oxide.
- the sputtering target used for forming the In-M-Zn oxide preferably has an atomic ratio of In to the element M of 1 or more.
- the atomic ratio of the semiconductor layer 108 to be formed includes a fluctuation of ⁇ 40% in the atomic ratio of the metal element contained in the above sputtering target.
- the semiconductor layer 108 has an energy gap of 2 eV or more, preferably 2.5 eV or more.
- the off-state current of the transistor can be reduced by using the metal oxide whose energy gap is wider than that of silicon.
- a metal oxide having a low carrier concentration for the semiconductor layer 108.
- the concentration of impurities in the metal oxide may be lowered and the density of defect states may be lowered.
- low impurity concentration and low defect level density are referred to as high-purity intrinsic or substantially high-purity intrinsic.
- the impurities in the metal oxide include, for example, hydrogen, nitrogen, alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, iron, nickel, silicon and the like.
- hydrogen contained in the metal oxide reacts with oxygen bonded to the metal atom to become water, which may form oxygen deficiency in the metal oxide. If the channel formation region in the metal oxide contains oxygen vacancies, the transistor might have normally-on characteristics. Further, a defect in which hydrogen is contained in an oxygen vacancy may function as a donor and an electron which is a carrier may be generated. Further, part of hydrogen may be bonded to oxygen which is bonded to a metal atom to generate an electron which is a carrier. Therefore, a transistor including a metal oxide containing a large amount of hydrogen is likely to have normally-on characteristics.
- the metal oxide may be evaluated not by the donor concentration but by the carrier concentration. Therefore, in this specification and the like, the carrier concentration which is assumed to be a state where no electric field is applied may be used as the parameter of the metal oxide, instead of the donor concentration. That is, the “carrier concentration” described in this specification and the like can be called the “donor concentration” in some cases.
- the hydrogen concentration obtained by secondary ion mass spectrometry is less than 1 ⁇ 10 20 atoms / cm 3 , preferably less than 1 ⁇ 10 19 atoms / cm 3 , and more preferably less than 1 ⁇ 10 19 atoms / cm 3. Is less than 5 ⁇ 10 18 atoms / cm 3 , and more preferably less than 1 ⁇ 10 18 atoms / cm 3 .
- the carrier concentration of the metal oxide in the channel formation region is preferably 1 ⁇ 10 18 cm ⁇ 3 or less, more preferably less than 1 ⁇ 10 17 cm ⁇ 3, and less than 1 ⁇ 10 16 cm ⁇ 3 . It is more preferable that it is less than 1 ⁇ 10 13 cm ⁇ 3 , and it is further preferable that it is less than 1 ⁇ 10 12 cm ⁇ 3 .
- the lower limit of the carrier concentration of the metal oxide in the channel formation region is not particularly limited, but can be set to, for example, 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 9 cm ⁇ 3 .
- the semiconductor layer 108 preferably has a non-single crystal structure.
- the non-single-crystal structure includes, for example, a CAAC structure, a polycrystalline structure, a microcrystalline structure, or an amorphous structure described later.
- the amorphous structure has the highest defect level density
- the CAAC structure has the lowest defect level density.
- CAAC c-axis aligned aligned crystal
- the CAAC structure is one of crystal structures such as a thin film including a plurality of nanocrystals (a crystal region whose maximum diameter is less than 10 nm), in which each nanocrystal has a c-axis oriented in a specific direction and an a-axis.
- the b-axis and the b-axis have a crystal structure having no orientation, and the nanocrystals are continuously connected to each other without forming grain boundaries.
- a thin film having a CAAC structure is characterized in that the c-axis of each nanocrystal is likely to be oriented in the thickness direction of the thin film, the normal direction of the formation surface, or the normal direction of the thin film surface.
- CAAC-OS Oxide Semiconductor
- CAAC-OS is an oxide semiconductor with high crystallinity.
- the CAAC-OS a clear crystal grain boundary cannot be confirmed, so that it can be said that a decrease in electron mobility due to the crystal grain boundary is unlikely to occur.
- the crystallinity of an oxide semiconductor might be lowered due to the inclusion of impurities, the generation of defects, or the like; therefore, it can be said that the CAAC-OS is an oxide semiconductor with few impurities and defects (such as oxygen vacancies). Therefore, the oxide semiconductor including the CAAC-OS has stable physical properties. Therefore, the oxide semiconductor including the CAAC-OS is highly heat resistant and highly reliable.
- crystallography it is common to take a unit cell having a specific axis as the c-axis among the three axes (crystal axes) of the a-axis, the b-axis, and the c-axis that form the unit cell. ..
- the two axes parallel to the plane direction of the layer are the a-axis and the b-axis, and the axis intersecting the layer is the c-axis.
- a crystal having such a layered structure there is graphite classified into a hexagonal system, and the a-axis and the b-axis of its unit cell are parallel to the cleavage plane, and the c-axis is orthogonal to the cleavage plane.
- InGaZnO 4 crystals having a YbFe 2 O 4 type crystal structure which is a layered structure, can be classified into a hexagonal system, and the a-axis and the b-axis of the unit cell are parallel to the plane direction of the layer and the c-axis.
- Are orthogonal to the layers ie the a-axis and the b-axis).
- an oxide semiconductor film having a microcrystalline structure crystal parts may not be clearly confirmed.
- the crystal part included in the microcrystalline oxide semiconductor film is often 1 nm to 100 nm inclusive, or 1 nm to 10 nm inclusive.
- an oxide semiconductor film having nanocrystals nc: nanocrystals
- an oxide semiconductor film having nanocrystals nc: nanocrystals
- the crystal grain boundary may not be clearly confirmed in an observation image by TEM.
- the nc-OS film has a periodic atomic arrangement in a minute region (for example, a region of 1 nm or more and 10 nm or less, particularly a region of 1 nm or more and 3 nm or less).
- a minute region for example, a region of 1 nm or more and 10 nm or less, particularly a region of 1 nm or more and 3 nm or less.
- the nc-OS film may be indistinguishable from the amorphous oxide semiconductor film depending on the analysis method. For example, when structural analysis is performed on an nc-OS film using an XRD apparatus that uses X-rays having a diameter larger than that of a crystal part, a peak indicating a crystal plane is not detected in the analysis by the out-of-plane method.
- the nc-OS film has a lower density of defect states than the amorphous oxide semiconductor film.
- the nc-OS film there is no regularity in crystal orientation between different crystal parts. Therefore, the nc-OS film has a higher density of defect states than the CAAC-OS film. Therefore, the nc-OS film has higher carrier concentration and higher electron mobility than the CAAC-OS film in some cases. Therefore, a transistor including the nc-OS film may have high field-effect mobility.
- the nc-OS film can be formed by reducing the oxygen flow rate ratio during film formation as compared with the CAAC-OS film. Further, the nc-OS film can be formed by lowering the substrate temperature at the time of film formation as compared with the CAAC-OS film. For example, since an nc-OS film can be formed even when the substrate temperature is set to a relatively low temperature (for example, a temperature of 130 ° C. or lower) or the substrate is not heated, a large glass substrate or a resin substrate is used. Suitable for high productivity.
- a crystal structure of a metal oxide is used.
- a metal oxide formed by a sputtering method using the above target at a substrate temperature of 100 ° C. or higher and 130 ° C. or lower has a crystal structure of either an nc (nano crystal) structure or a CAAC structure, or a structure in which these are mixed. Easy to take.
- a metal oxide formed by a sputtering method with a substrate temperature of room temperature (RT) is likely to have an nc crystal structure.
- the room temperature (RT) referred to here includes the temperature when the substrate is not heated.
- CAAC c-axis aligned crystal
- CAC Cloud-Aligned Composite
- CAC-OS or CAC-metal oxide has a conductive function in a part of the material and an insulating function in a part of the material, and the whole material has a function as a semiconductor.
- the conductive function is a function of flowing electrons (or holes) serving as carriers
- the insulating function is the function of electrons serving as carriers. It is a function that does not flow.
- CAC-OS or CAC-metal oxide has a conductive area and an insulating area.
- the conductive region has the above-mentioned conductive function
- the insulating region has the above-mentioned insulating function.
- the conductive region and the insulating region may be separated at the nanoparticle level.
- the conductive region and the insulating region may be unevenly distributed in the material.
- the conductive region may be observed as a cloudy connection at the periphery and connected in a cloud shape.
- the conductive region and the insulating region may be dispersed in the material in a size of 0.5 nm or more and 10 nm or less, preferably 0.5 nm or more and 3 nm or less. ..
- CAC-OS or CAC-metal oxide is composed of components having different band gaps.
- CAC-OS or CAC-metal oxide is composed of a component having a wide gap due to the insulating region and a component having a narrow gap due to the conductive region.
- a carrier when flowing a carrier, a carrier mainly flows in the component which has a narrow gap.
- the component having the narrow gap acts complementarily to the component having the wide gap, and the carrier also flows to the component having the wide gap in conjunction with the component having the narrow gap. Therefore, when the CAC-OS or CAC-metal oxide is used in the channel formation region of the transistor, a high current driving force, that is, a high on-current and a high field-effect mobility can be obtained in the on state of the transistor.
- CAC-OS or CAC-metal oxide can also be referred to as a matrix composite material or a metal matrix composite material.
- This embodiment can be implemented by appropriately combining at least part of it with other embodiments described in this specification.
- FIG. 15A shows a top view of the display device 700.
- the display device 700 includes a first substrate 701 and a second substrate 705 which are attached to each other with a sealant 712.
- a pixel portion 702, a source driver circuit portion 704, and a gate driver circuit portion 706 are provided over the first substrate 701 in a region sealed with the first substrate 701, the second substrate 705, and the sealant 712. Be done.
- the pixel portion 702 is provided with a plurality of display elements.
- An FPC terminal portion 708 to which an FPC 716 (FPC: Flexible printed circuit) is connected is provided in a portion of the first substrate 701 that does not overlap with the second substrate 705.
- the FPC 716 supplies various signals and the like to the pixel portion 702, the source driver circuit portion 704, and the gate driver circuit portion 706 through the FPC terminal portion 708 and the signal line 710.
- a plurality of gate driver circuit units 706 may be provided. Further, the gate driver circuit unit 706 and the source driver circuit unit 704 may be in the form of IC chips separately formed and packaged on a semiconductor substrate or the like. The IC chip can be mounted on the first substrate 701 or the FPC 716.
- the transistor which is the semiconductor device of one embodiment of the present invention can be applied to the transistors included in the pixel portion 702, the source driver circuit portion 704, and the gate driver circuit portion 706.
- the display element provided in the pixel portion 702 may be a liquid crystal element, a light emitting element, or the like.
- a liquid crystal element a transmissive liquid crystal element, a reflective liquid crystal element, a semi-transmissive liquid crystal element, or the like can be used.
- the light emitting element may be a self-luminous light emitting element such as an LED (Light Emitting Diode), an OLED (Organic LED), a QLED (Quantum-dot LED), or a semiconductor laser.
- a shutter type or optical interference type MEMS (Micro Electro Mechanical Systems) element a display element to which a microcapsule method, an electrophoresis method, an electrowetting method, or an electronic powder fluid (registered trademark) method is applied is used. You can also
- the display device 700A shown in FIG. 15B is an example of a display device to which a flexible resin layer 743 is applied instead of the first substrate 701 and which can be used as a flexible display.
- the pixel portion 702 does not have a rectangular shape, but the corner portion has an arc shape. Further, as shown in a region P1 in FIG. 15B, the pixel portion 702 and the resin layer 743 have a cutout portion in which a part is cut out.
- the pair of gate driver circuit portions 706 are provided on both sides with the pixel portion 702 interposed therebetween. The gate driver circuit portion 706 is provided along the arcuate contour at the corner of the pixel portion 702.
- the resin layer 743 has a shape in which a portion where the FPC terminal portion 708 is provided protrudes. Further, a part of the resin layer 743 including the FPC terminal portion 708 can be folded back to the back side in the region P2 in FIG. 15B. By folding a part of the resin layer 743, the display device 700A can be mounted in an electronic device in a state where the FPC 716 is overlapped and arranged on the back side of the pixel portion 702, and space saving of the electronic device can be achieved. ..
- An IC 717 is mounted on the FPC 716 connected to the display device 700A.
- the IC 717 has a function as a source driver circuit, for example.
- the source driver circuit portion 704 in the display device 700A can be configured to include at least one of a protection circuit, a buffer circuit, a demultiplexer circuit, and the like.
- the display device 700B shown in FIG. 15C is a display device that can be suitably used for an electronic device having a large screen.
- the display device 700B can be suitably used for, for example, a television device, a monitor device, a personal computer (including a notebook type or a desktop type), a tablet terminal, a digital signage, and the like.
- the display device 700B has a plurality of source driver ICs 721 and a pair of gate driver circuit units 722.
- a plurality of source driver ICs 721 are attached to the FPC 723, respectively.
- one terminal of each of the plurality of FPCs 723 is connected to the first board 701 and the other terminal is connected to the printed board 724.
- the printed board 724 can be arranged on the back side of the pixel portion 702 and mounted on an electronic device, so that space saving of the electronic device can be achieved.
- the gate driver circuit portion 722 is formed on the first substrate 701. Thereby, an electronic device with a narrow frame can be realized.
- a display device having a screen size of 30 inches or more, 40 inches or more, 50 inches or more, or 60 inches or more can be realized. Further, it is possible to realize a display device having an extremely high resolution such as 4K2K or 8K4K.
- FIGS. 16 to 18 are cross-sectional views taken along the alternate long and short dash line QR shown in FIG. 15A.
- FIG. 19 is a cross-sectional view taken along alternate long and short dash line ST in the display device 700A shown in FIG. 15B.
- 16 and 17 show a configuration using a liquid crystal element as a display element
- FIGS. 18 and 19 show a configuration using an EL element.
- the display device illustrated in FIGS. 16 to 19 includes a lead wiring portion 711, a pixel portion 702, a source driver circuit portion 704, and an FPC terminal portion 708.
- the lead wiring portion 711 has a signal line 710.
- the pixel portion 702 includes a transistor 750 and a capacitor 790.
- the source driver circuit portion 704 includes a transistor 752.
- FIG. 17 shows the case where the capacitor 790 is not provided.
- the transistors illustrated in Embodiment 1 can be applied to the transistors 750 and 752.
- the transistor used in this embodiment has a highly purified oxide semiconductor film in which formation of oxygen vacancies is suppressed.
- the transistor can have low off-state current. Therefore, the holding time of the electric signal such as the image signal can be lengthened, and the writing interval of the image signal can be set longer. Therefore, the frequency of refresh operations can be reduced, which leads to an effect of reducing power consumption.
- the transistor used in this embodiment has a relatively high field-effect mobility, it can be driven at high speed.
- a switching transistor in a pixel portion and a driver transistor used in a driver circuit portion can be formed over the same substrate. That is, a configuration in which a drive circuit formed of a silicon wafer or the like is not applied is also possible, and the number of parts of the display device can be reduced. Further, even in the pixel portion, a high-quality image can be provided by using a transistor which can be driven at high speed.
- the capacitor 790 illustrated in FIGS. 16, 18, and 19 includes a lower electrode formed by processing the same film as the first gate electrode included in the transistor 750 and a metal oxide that is the same as the semiconductor layer. And an upper electrode formed by.
- the upper electrode has a low resistance like the source region and the drain region of the transistor 750.
- a part of an insulating film functioning as a first gate insulating layer of the transistor 750 is provided between the lower electrode and the upper electrode. That is, the capacitor 790 has a stacked structure in which an insulating film functioning as a dielectric film is sandwiched between a pair of electrodes. Further, a wiring obtained by processing the same film as the source electrode and the drain electrode of the transistor is connected to the upper electrode.
- a planarization insulating film 770 is provided over the transistor 750, the transistor 752, and the capacitor 790.
- a transistor having a different structure from the transistor 750 included in the pixel portion 702 and the transistor 752 included in the source driver circuit portion 704 may be used.
- a top-gate transistor may be applied to either one and a bottom-gate transistor may be applied to the other.
- the gate driver circuit unit 706 is similar to the source driver circuit unit 704.
- the signal line 710 is formed of the same conductive film as the source and drain electrodes of the transistors 750 and 752. At this time, it is preferable to use a low-resistance material such as a material containing a copper element because a signal delay or the like due to wiring resistance is small and a large screen can be displayed.
- the FPC terminal portion 708 has a wiring 760, a part of which functions as a connection electrode, an anisotropic conductive film 780, and an FPC 716.
- the wiring 760 is electrically connected to a terminal included in the FPC 716 through the anisotropic conductive film 780.
- the wiring 760 is formed using the same conductive film as the source electrode, the drain electrode, and the like of the transistors 750 and 752.
- a flexible substrate such as a glass substrate or a plastic substrate can be used.
- an insulating layer having a barrier property against water or hydrogen is preferably provided between the first substrate 701 and the transistor 750 or the like.
- a light-shielding film 738, a coloring film 736, and an insulating film 734 in contact with these are provided on the second substrate 705 side.
- the display device 700 illustrated in FIG. 16 includes a liquid crystal element 775 and a spacer 778.
- the liquid crystal element 775 includes a conductive layer 772, a conductive layer 774, and a liquid crystal layer 776 therebetween.
- the conductive layer 774 is provided on the second substrate 705 side and has a function as a common electrode.
- the conductive layer 772 is electrically connected to a source electrode or a drain electrode included in the transistor 750.
- the conductive layer 772 is formed over the planarization insulating film 770 and functions as a pixel electrode.
- a material that transmits visible light or a material that reflects visible light can be used.
- the light-transmitting material for example, an oxide material containing indium, zinc, tin, or the like may be used.
- the reflective material for example, a material containing aluminum, silver, or the like may be used.
- the display device 700 becomes a reflective liquid crystal display device.
- a transmissive liquid crystal display device is obtained.
- a polarizing plate is provided on the viewing side.
- a pair of polarizing plates are provided so as to sandwich the liquid crystal element.
- the display device 700 shown in FIG. 17 shows an example in which a horizontal electric field type (for example, FFS mode) liquid crystal element 775 is used.
- a conductive layer 774 serving as a common electrode is provided over the conductive layer 772 with an insulating layer 773 provided therebetween.
- the alignment state of the liquid crystal layer 776 can be controlled by an electric field generated between the conductive layers 772 and 774.
- a storage capacitor can be formed by a laminated structure of a conductive layer 774, an insulating layer 773, and a conductive layer 772. Therefore, it is not necessary to separately provide a capacitive element, and the aperture ratio can be increased.
- an alignment film in contact with the liquid crystal layer 776 may be provided.
- a polarizing member, a retardation member, an optical member (optical substrate) such as an antireflection member, and a light source such as a backlight and a sidelight can be appropriately provided.
- the liquid crystal layer 776 includes thermotropic liquid crystal, low molecular weight liquid crystal, polymer liquid crystal, polymer dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC: Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystal), polymer network liquid crystal (PNLC: Polymer Network Liquid Crystal), and ferroelectric liquid crystal.
- PDLC Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystal
- PNLC Polymer Network Liquid Crystal
- ferroelectric liquid crystal An antiferroelectric liquid crystal or the like can be used.
- liquid crystal exhibiting a blue phase for which an alignment film is unnecessary may be used.
- the modes of the liquid crystal element are a TN (Twisted Nematic) mode, a VA (Vertical Alignment) mode, an IPS (In-Plane-Switching) mode, an FFS (Fringe Field Switching), an ASM (Axially Symmetrical Micric), and an ASM (Axially Symmetrical Micromatic) mode. It is possible to use (Optically Compensated Birefringence) mode, ECB (Electrically Controlled Birefringence) mode, guest host mode, and the like.
- a liquid crystal layer 776 may be a scattering type liquid crystal using a polymer dispersion type liquid crystal or a polymer network type liquid crystal. At this time, a monochrome display may be performed without providing the coloring film 736, or a color display may be performed using the coloring film 736.
- a time-division display method (also referred to as a field sequential driving method) in which color display is performed based on the successive additive color mixing method may be applied.
- the coloring film 736 can be omitted.
- the time-division display method it is not necessary to provide sub-pixels that exhibit R (red), G (green), and B (blue), so that it is possible to improve the aperture ratio of pixels and There are advantages such as increasing the degree.
- the display device 700 illustrated in FIG. 18 includes a light emitting element 782.
- the light emitting element 782 includes a conductive layer 772, an EL layer 786, and a conductive film 788.
- the EL layer 786 includes an organic compound or an inorganic compound such as a quantum dot.
- Materials that can be used for organic compounds include fluorescent materials and phosphorescent materials.
- Examples of materials that can be used for the quantum dots include colloidal quantum dot materials, alloy type quantum dot materials, core / shell type quantum dot materials, core type quantum dot materials, and the like.
- an insulating film 730 which covers a part of the conductive layer 772 is provided over the planarization insulating film 770.
- the light emitting element 782 is a top emission type light emitting element having a light-transmitting conductive film 788.
- the light-emitting element 782 may have a bottom emission structure in which light is emitted to the conductive layer 772 side or a dual emission structure in which light is emitted to both the conductive layer 772 side and the conductive film 788 side.
- the colored film 736 is provided in a position overlapping with the light emitting element 782, and the light shielding film 738 is provided in a position overlapping with the insulating film 730, the leading wiring portion 711, and the source driver circuit portion 704. Further, the coloring film 736 and the light shielding film 738 are covered with the insulating film 734. A space between the light emitting element 782 and the insulating film 734 is filled with a sealing film 732. Note that when the EL layer 786 is formed in an island shape for each pixel or in a stripe shape for each pixel column, that is, when the EL layer 786 is formed by coating separately, the coloring film 736 may not be provided.
- FIG. 19 shows the configuration of a display device that can be suitably applied to a flexible display.
- FIG. 19 is a cross-sectional view taken along alternate long and short dash line ST in the display device 700A shown in FIG. 15B.
- the display device 700A shown in FIG. 19 has a structure in which a supporting substrate 745, an adhesive layer 742, a resin layer 743, and an insulating layer 744 are laminated in place of the first substrate 701 shown in FIG.
- the transistor 750, the capacitor 790, and the like are provided over the insulating layer 744 provided over the resin layer 743.
- the support substrate 745 is a thin substrate that includes organic resin, glass, etc. and is flexible enough.
- the resin layer 743 is a layer containing an organic resin such as a polyimide resin or an acrylic resin.
- the insulating layer 744 includes an inorganic insulating film such as silicon oxide, silicon oxynitride, or silicon nitride.
- the resin layer 743 and the supporting substrate 745 are attached to each other with an adhesive layer 742.
- the resin layer 743 is preferably thinner than the supporting substrate 745.
- the display device 700 shown in FIG. 19 has a protective layer 740 instead of the substrate 705 shown in FIG.
- the protective layer 740 is attached to the sealing film 732.
- a glass substrate, a resin film, or the like can be used as the protective layer 740.
- an optical member such as a polarizing plate or a scattering plate, an input device such as a touch sensor panel, or a structure in which two or more of these are stacked may be applied.
- the EL layer 786 included in the light emitting element 782 is provided in an island shape over the insulating film 730 and the conductive layer 772. By forming the EL layer 786 so that emission colors are different for each subpixel, color display can be realized without using the coloring film 736. Further, a protective layer 741 is provided so as to cover the light emitting element 782.
- the protective layer 741 has a function of preventing impurities such as water from diffusing into the light emitting element 782.
- FIG. 19 shows a bendable area P2.
- the region P2 in addition to the supporting substrate 745 and the adhesive layer 742, there is a portion where an inorganic insulating film such as the insulating layer 744 is not provided. Further, in the region P2, the resin layer 746 is provided so as to cover the wiring 760.
- the inorganic insulating film By preventing the inorganic insulating film from being provided in the bendable region P2 as much as possible and by stacking only a conductive layer containing a metal or an alloy and a layer containing an organic material, it is possible to prevent a crack from being generated when bending. be able to.
- the support substrate 745 since the support substrate 745 is not provided in the region P2, part of the display device 700A can be bent with an extremely small radius of curvature.
- An input device may be provided in the display device shown in FIGS.
- Examples of the input device include a touch sensor and the like.
- various systems such as a capacitance system, a resistive film system, a surface acoustic wave system, an infrared system, an optical system, and a pressure sensitive system can be used. Alternatively, these two or more may be used in combination.
- the touch panel has a structure in which an input device is formed between a pair of substrates, a so-called in-cell touch panel, an input device is formed over a display device, a so-called on-cell touch panel, or is used by being attached to a display device. There is a so-called out-cell type touch panel.
- This embodiment can be implemented by appropriately combining at least part of it with other embodiments described in this specification.
- the display device illustrated in FIG. 20A includes a pixel portion 502, a driver circuit portion 504, a protection circuit 506, and a terminal portion 507. Note that the protection circuit 506 may not be provided.
- the transistor of one embodiment of the present invention can be applied to the transistors included in the pixel portion 502 and the driver circuit portion 504.
- the transistor of one embodiment of the present invention may also be applied to the protection circuit 506.
- the pixel portion 502 has a plurality of pixel circuits 501 that drive a plurality of display elements arranged in X rows and Y columns (X and Y are each independently a natural number of 2 or more).
- the driver circuit portion 504 includes driver circuits such as a gate driver 504a that outputs a scan signal to the scan lines GL_1 to GL_X and a source driver 504b that supplies a data signal to the data lines DL_1 to DL_Y.
- the gate driver 504a may have at least a shift register.
- the source driver 504b is configured using, for example, a plurality of analog switches and the like. Alternatively, the source driver 504b may be formed using a shift register or the like.
- the terminal portion 507 is a portion provided with a terminal for inputting a power supply, a control signal, an image signal, and the like to a display device from an external circuit.
- the protection circuit 506 is a circuit which, when a potential outside a certain range is applied to the wiring to which it is connected, makes the wiring and another wiring electrically conductive.
- the protection circuit 506 illustrated in FIG. 20A includes, for example, scan lines GL_1 to GL_X which are wirings between the gate driver 504a and the pixel circuits 501, data lines DL_1 to DL_Y which are wirings between the source driver 504b, and the pixel circuits 501. Connected to various wiring.
- the gate driver 504a and the source driver 504b may each be provided over the same substrate as the pixel portion 502, or may be provided over a substrate on which a gate driver circuit or a source driver circuit is separately formed (for example, a single crystal semiconductor or a polycrystalline semiconductor).
- the formed drive circuit board may be mounted on the board by COG or TAB (Tape Automated Bonding).
- the plurality of pixel circuits 501 shown in FIG. 20A can be configured, for example, as shown in FIGS. 20B and 20C.
- the pixel circuit 501 illustrated in FIG. 20B includes a liquid crystal element 570, a transistor 550, and a capacitor 560. Further, the data line DL_n, the scan line GL_m, the potential supply line VL, and the like are connected to the pixel circuit 501.
- the potential of one of the pair of electrodes of the liquid crystal element 570 is appropriately set according to the specifications of the pixel circuit 501.
- the alignment state of the liquid crystal element 570 is set according to the written data. Note that a common potential (common potential) may be applied to one of the pair of electrodes of the liquid crystal element 570 included in each of the plurality of pixel circuits 501. Further, different potentials may be applied to one of the pair of electrodes of the liquid crystal element 570 of the pixel circuit 501 in each row.
- the pixel circuit 501 illustrated in FIG. 20C includes a transistor 552, a transistor 554, a capacitor 562, and a light emitting element 572. Further, the data line DL_n, the scan line GL_m, the potential supply line VL_a, the potential supply line VL_b, and the like are connected to the pixel circuit 501.
- the high power supply potential VDD is applied to one of the potential supply line VL_a and the potential supply line VL_b, and the low power supply potential VSS is applied to the other.
- the luminance of light emitted from the light emitting element 572 is controlled by controlling the current flowing through the light emitting element 572 according to the potential applied to the gate of the transistor 554.
- This embodiment can be implemented by appropriately combining at least part of it with other embodiments described in this specification.
- Embodiment 4 a pixel circuit including a memory for correcting the gradation displayed in the pixel and a display device including the pixel circuit will be described.
- the transistors illustrated in Embodiment 1 can be applied to the transistors used in the pixel circuits illustrated below.
- FIG. 21A shows a circuit diagram of the pixel circuit 400.
- the pixel circuit 400 includes a transistor M1, a transistor M2, a capacitor C1, and a circuit 401.
- the wiring S1, the wiring S2, the wiring G1, and the wiring G2 are connected to the pixel circuit 400.
- the gate is connected to the wiring G1, one of the source and the drain is connected to the wiring S1, and the other of the source and the drain is connected to one electrode of the capacitor C1.
- the gate is connected to the wiring G2, one of the source and the drain is connected to the wiring S2, the other of the source and the drain is connected to the other electrode of the capacitor C1, and the circuit 401.
- the circuit 401 is a circuit including at least one display element.
- Various elements can be used as the display element, but typically, a light emitting element such as an organic EL element or an LED element, a liquid crystal element, or a MEMS (Micro Electro Mechanical Systems) element can be applied.
- a node connecting the transistor M1 and the capacitor C1 is a node N1
- a node connecting the transistor M2 and the circuit 401 is a node N2.
- the pixel circuit 400 can hold the potential of the node N1 by turning off the transistor M1. Further, by turning off the transistor M2, the potential of the node N2 can be held. In addition, by writing a predetermined potential to the node N1 via the transistor M1 with the transistor M2 in the off state, the potential of the node N2 changes in accordance with the displacement of the potential of the node N1 due to capacitive coupling via the capacitor C1. Can be changed.
- the transistor to which an oxide semiconductor is applied which is illustrated in Embodiment 1, can be applied to one or both of the transistor M1 and the transistor M2. Therefore, the potential of the node N1 and the node N2 can be held for a long period of time by an extremely low off-state current. Note that in the case where the period for holding the potential of each node is short (specifically, when the frame frequency is 30 Hz or higher), a transistor to which a semiconductor such as silicon is applied may be used.
- FIG. 21B is a timing chart regarding the operation of the pixel circuit 400.
- influences of various resistances such as wiring resistance, parasitic capacitances of transistors and wirings, and threshold voltage of transistors are not taken into consideration.
- one frame period is divided into a period T1 and a period T2.
- the period T1 is a period for writing a potential to the node N2
- the period T2 is a period for writing a potential to the node N1.
- Period T1 a potential for turning on the transistor is applied to both the wiring G1 and the wiring G2. Further, the potential V ref which is a fixed potential is supplied to the wiring S1, and the first data potential V w is supplied to the wiring S2.
- the potential V ref is applied to the node N1 from the wiring S1 through the transistor M1. Further, the node N2 is supplied with the first data potential V w from the wiring S2 through the transistor M2. Therefore, a state where the potential difference V w -V ref is held in the capacitor C1.
- Period T2 a potential for turning on the transistor M1 is applied to the wiring G1 and a potential for turning off the transistor M2 is applied to the wiring G2.
- the second data potential V data is supplied to the wiring S1.
- a predetermined constant potential may be applied to the wiring S2 or the wiring S2 may be in a floating state.
- the node N1 is supplied with the second data potential V data from the wiring S1 through the transistor M1.
- the potential of the node N2 changes by the potential dV according to the second data potential V data due to the capacitive coupling by the capacitance C1. That is, a potential obtained by adding the first data potential Vw and the potential dV is input to the circuit 401.
- the potential dV is shown as a positive value in FIG. 21B, it may be a negative value. That is, the second data potential V data may be lower than the potential V ref .
- the potential dV is generally determined by the capacitance value of the capacitance C1 and the capacitance value of the circuit 401.
- the potential dV becomes a potential close to the second data potential V data .
- the pixel circuit 400 can generate a potential to be supplied to the circuit 401 including a display element by combining two types of data signals, it is possible to correct the gradation in the pixel circuit 400.
- the pixel circuit 400 can also generate a potential that exceeds the maximum potential that can be supplied to the wiring S1 and the wiring S2. For example, when a light emitting element is used, high dynamic range (HDR) display or the like can be performed. Moreover, when a liquid crystal element is used, overdrive drive or the like can be realized.
- HDR high dynamic range
- the pixel circuit 400LC illustrated in FIG. 21C includes a circuit 401LC.
- the circuit 401LC includes a liquid crystal element LC and a capacitor C2.
- one electrode is connected to the other electrode of the capacitor C1, the other electrode of the source and the drain of the transistor M2, and one electrode of the capacitor C2, and the other electrode is a wiring to which the potential Vcom2 is applied. Connecting. The other electrode of the capacitor C2 is connected to a wiring to which the potential Vcom1 is applied.
- the capacity C2 functions as a storage capacity.
- the capacitor C2 can be omitted if unnecessary.
- the pixel circuit 400LC can supply a high voltage to the liquid crystal element LC, it is possible to realize a high-speed display by overdriving and apply a liquid crystal material having a high driving voltage, for example. Further, by supplying a correction signal to the wiring S1 or the wiring S2, the gradation can be corrected in accordance with the operating temperature, the deterioration state of the liquid crystal element LC, or the like.
- the pixel circuit 400EL illustrated in FIG. 21D includes a circuit 401EL.
- the circuit 401EL includes a light emitting element EL, a transistor M3, and a capacitor C2.
- a gate is connected to one electrode of the capacitor C2, one of a source and a drain is connected to a wiring to which the potential VH is applied, and the other is connected to one electrode of the light emitting element EL.
- the other electrode of the capacitor C2 is connected to the wiring to which the potential Vcom is applied.
- the other electrode of the light-emitting element EL is connected to a wiring to which the potential V L is applied.
- the transistor M3 has a function of controlling the current supplied to the light emitting element EL.
- the capacitor C2 functions as a storage capacitor. The capacitor C2 can be omitted if unnecessary.
- the transistor M3 may be connected to the cathode side. At that time, the values of the potential V H and the potential V L can be changed as appropriate.
- the pixel circuit 400EL can flow a large current to the light emitting element EL by applying a high potential to the gate of the transistor M3, and thus, for example, HDR display can be realized. Further, by supplying a correction signal to the wiring S1 or the wiring S2, it is possible to correct the variation in the electrical characteristics of the transistor M3 or the light emitting element EL.
- circuit is not limited to the circuits illustrated in FIGS. 21C and 21D, and may have a configuration in which a transistor and a capacitance are added separately.
- This embodiment can be implemented by appropriately combining at least part of it with other embodiments described in this specification.
- the display module 6000 illustrated in FIG. 22A includes a display device 6006 to which an FPC 6005 is connected, a frame 6009, a printed board 6010, and a battery 6011 between an upper cover 6001 and a lower cover 6002.
- a display device manufactured using one embodiment of the present invention can be used as the display device 6006.
- the display device 6006 can realize a display module with extremely low power consumption.
- the shape and dimensions of the upper cover 6001 and the lower cover 6002 can be appropriately changed according to the size of the display device 6006.
- the display device 6006 may have a function as a touch panel.
- the frame 6009 may have a function of protecting the display device 6006, a function of blocking electromagnetic waves generated by the operation of the printed circuit board 6010, a function of a heat sink, and the like.
- the printed circuit board 6010 has a power supply circuit, a signal processing circuit for outputting a video signal and a clock signal, a battery control circuit, and the like.
- FIG. 22B is a schematic sectional view of a display module 6000 including an optical touch sensor.
- the display module 6000 includes a light emitting unit 6015 and a light receiving unit 6016 provided on the printed board 6010.
- a pair of light guide portions (a light guide portion 6017a and a light guide portion 6017b) are provided in a region surrounded by the upper cover 6001 and the lower cover 6002.
- the display device 6006 is provided so as to overlap with the printed circuit board 6010 and the battery 6011 with the frame 6009 interposed therebetween.
- the display device 6006 and the frame 6009 are fixed to the light guide portions 6017a and 6017b.
- the light 6018 emitted from the light emitting unit 6015 passes through the upper portion of the display device 6006 by the light guiding unit 6017a and reaches the light receiving unit 6016 through the light guiding unit 6017b.
- a touch operation can be detected by blocking the light 6018 by a detected object such as a finger or a stylus.
- a plurality of light emitting units 6015 are provided, for example, along two adjacent sides of the display device 6006.
- a plurality of light receiving units 6016 are provided at positions facing the light emitting unit 6015. This makes it possible to obtain information on the position where the touch operation is performed.
- the light emitting unit 6015 can use a light source such as an LED element, and it is particularly preferable to use a light source that emits infrared rays.
- the light receiving unit 6016 can use a photoelectric element that receives the light emitted by the light emitting unit 6015 and converts the light into an electric signal.
- a photodiode capable of receiving infrared rays can be used.
- the light emitting portion 6015 and the light receiving portion 6016 can be arranged below the display device 6006, and external light reaches the light receiving portion 6016 and touch sensor Can be prevented from malfunctioning.
- malfunction of the touch sensor can be suppressed more effectively.
- This embodiment can be implemented by appropriately combining at least part of it with other embodiments described in this specification.
- the electronic device 6500 shown in FIG. 23A is a personal digital assistant that can be used as a smartphone.
- the electronic device 6500 includes a housing 6501, a display portion 6502, a power button 6503, a button 6504, a speaker 6505, a microphone 6506, a camera 6507, a light source 6508, and the like.
- the display portion 6502 has a touch panel function.
- the display device of one embodiment of the present invention can be applied to the display portion 6502.
- FIG. 23B is a schematic cross-sectional view including an end portion of the housing 6501 on the microphone 6506 side.
- a protective member 6510 having a light-transmitting property is provided on a display surface side of the housing 6501, and a display panel 6511, an optical member 6512, a touch sensor panel 6513, a print are provided in a space surrounded by the housing 6501 and the protective member 6510.
- a substrate 6517, a battery 6518, and the like are arranged.
- a display panel 6511, an optical member 6512, and a touch sensor panel 6513 are fixed to the protective member 6510 by an adhesive layer (not shown).
- a part of the display panel 6511 is folded back in the area outside the display portion 6502. Further, the FPC 6515 is connected to the folded back portion. An IC 6516 is mounted on the FPC 6515. Further, the FPC 6515 is connected to a terminal provided on the printed board 6517.
- the flexible display panel of one embodiment of the present invention can be applied to the display panel 6511. Therefore, an extremely lightweight electronic device can be realized. Further, since the display panel 6511 is extremely thin, a large-capacity battery 6518 can be mounted while suppressing the thickness of the electronic device. In addition, a part of the display panel 6511 is folded back and a connection portion with the FPC 6515 is provided on the back side of the pixel portion, whereby an electronic device with a narrow frame can be realized.
- This embodiment can be implemented by appropriately combining at least part of it with other embodiments described in this specification.
- the electronic devices exemplified below are provided with a display device of one embodiment of the present invention in a display portion. Therefore, the electronic device achieves high resolution. Further, it is possible to provide an electronic device having both a high resolution and a large screen.
- the display unit of the electronic device of one embodiment of the present invention can display an image having a resolution of, for example, full high-definition, 4K2K, 8K4K, 16K8K, or higher.
- the electronic device includes, for example, a digital camera, a digital video camera, a digital photo frame, as well as an electronic device having a relatively large screen such as a television device, a notebook personal computer, a monitor device, a digital signage, a pachinko machine, and a game machine. , Mobile phones, portable game machines, personal digital assistants, sound reproduction devices, and the like.
- the electronic device to which one embodiment of the present invention is applied can be incorporated along a flat surface or a curved surface of an inner wall or an outer wall of a house or a building, an interior or exterior of an automobile, or the like.
- FIG. 24A is a diagram showing an appearance of the camera 8000 with the finder 8100 attached.
- the camera 8000 has a housing 8001, a display portion 8002, operation buttons 8003, a shutter button 8004, and the like.
- a detachable lens 8006 is attached to the camera 8000.
- the camera 8000 may have a lens 8006 and a housing integrated with each other.
- the camera 8000 can take an image by pressing a shutter button 8004 or touching a display portion 8002 which functions as a touch panel.
- the housing 8001 has a mount having electrodes, and can be connected to a strobe device and the like in addition to the finder 8100.
- the finder 8100 has a housing 8101, a display portion 8102, buttons 8103, and the like.
- the housing 8101 is attached to the camera 8000 by a mount that engages with the mount of the camera 8000.
- the finder 8100 can display an image or the like received from the camera 8000 on the display portion 8102.
- the button 8103 has a function as a power button or the like.
- the display device of one embodiment of the present invention can be applied to the display portion 8002 of the camera 8000 and the display portion 8102 of the finder 8100.
- the camera 8000 with a built-in viewfinder may be used.
- FIG. 24B is a diagram showing an appearance of the head mounted display 8200.
- the head mounted display 8200 has a mounting portion 8201, a lens 8202, a main body 8203, a display portion 8204, a cable 8205 and the like.
- a battery 8206 is built in the mounting portion 8201.
- the cable 8205 supplies electric power from the battery 8206 to the main body 8203.
- the main body 8203 includes a wireless receiver and the like, and can display received video information on the display portion 8204.
- the main body 8203 is provided with a camera, and information about movements of a user's eyeballs and eyelids can be used as input means.
- the mounting portion 8201 may be provided with a plurality of electrodes capable of detecting a current flowing with the movement of the eyeball of the user at a position where the user touches it, and may have a function of recognizing the line of sight. Further, it may have a function of monitoring the pulse of the user by the current flowing through the electrode.
- the mounting portion 8201 may have various sensors such as a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor, and an acceleration sensor, and has a function of displaying biological information of the user on the display portion 8204 and movement of the head of the user. It may have a function of changing the image displayed on the display portion 8204 in accordance with the above.
- the display device of one embodiment of the present invention can be applied to the display portion 8204.
- the head mounted display 8300 includes a housing 8301, a display portion 8302, a band-shaped fixture 8304, and a pair of lenses 8305.
- the user can view the display on the display portion 8302 through the lens 8305.
- the display portion 8302 it is preferable to arrange the display portion 8302 so as to be curved because the user can feel a high sense of reality. Further, another image displayed in a different region of the display portion 8302 can be viewed through the lens 8305 so that three-dimensional display using parallax can be performed.
- the structure is not limited to one display portion 8302 provided, and two display portions 8302 may be provided and one display portion may be arranged for one eye of the user.
- the display device of one embodiment of the present invention can be applied to the display portion 8302. Since a display device including the semiconductor device of one embodiment of the present invention has extremely high definition, even if the display device including the semiconductor device is enlarged using the lens 8305 as illustrated in FIG. You can display high-quality images.
- the electronic devices illustrated in FIGS. 25A to 25G include a housing 9000, a display portion 9001, a speaker 9003, operation keys 9005 (including a power switch or an operation switch), a connection terminal 9006, a sensor 9007 (force, displacement, position, speed). , Acceleration, angular velocity, rotation speed, distance, light, liquid, magnetism, temperature, chemical substance, voice, time, hardness, electric field, current, voltage, power, radiation, flow rate, humidity, gradient, vibration, odor or infrared (Including a function to perform), a microphone 9008, and the like.
- the electronic devices illustrated in FIGS. 25A to 25G have various functions. For example, a function of displaying various information (still images, moving images, text images, etc.) on the display unit, a touch panel function, a function of displaying a calendar, date or time, a function of controlling processing by various software (programs), It can have a wireless communication function, a function of reading and processing a program or data recorded in a recording medium, and the like. Note that the functions of the electronic device are not limited to these and can have various functions.
- the electronic device may have a plurality of display units.
- the electronic device is provided with a camera or the like and has a function of shooting a still image or a moving image and storing it in a recording medium (external or built in the camera), a function of displaying the taken image on the display unit Good.
- FIGS. 25A to 25G The details of the electronic devices shown in FIGS. 25A to 25G will be described below.
- FIG. 25A is a perspective view showing the television device 9100.
- the television device 9100 can incorporate a large screen, for example, a display portion 9001 having a size of 50 inches or more, or 100 inches or more.
- FIG. 25B is a perspective view showing the portable information terminal 9101.
- the mobile information terminal 9101 can be used as, for example, a smartphone.
- the portable information terminal 9101 may be provided with a speaker 9003, a connection terminal 9006, a sensor 9007, and the like.
- the mobile information terminal 9101 can display characters and image information on its plurality of surfaces.
- FIG. 25B shows an example in which three icons 9050 are displayed.
- the information 9051 indicated by a dashed rectangle can be displayed on another surface of the display portion 9001. Examples of the information 9051 include notification of an incoming call such as email, SNS, and telephone, title of email, SNS, and the like, sender name, date and time, time, battery level, antenna reception strength, and the like.
- the icon 9050 or the like may be displayed at the position where the information 9051 is displayed.
- FIG. 25C is a perspective view showing portable information terminal 9102.
- the mobile information terminal 9102 has a function of displaying information on three or more surfaces of the display portion 9001.
- the information 9052, the information 9053, and the information 9054 are displayed on different surfaces is shown.
- the user can check the information 9053 displayed at a position where it can be observed from above the mobile information terminal 9102 while the mobile information terminal 9102 is stored in the chest pocket of clothes. The user can confirm the display without taking out the portable information terminal 9102 from the pocket, and can judge whether or not to receive a call, for example.
- FIG. 25D is a perspective view showing a wrist watch type portable information terminal 9200.
- the mobile information terminal 9200 can be used as, for example, a smart watch (registered trademark). Further, the display portion 9001 is provided with a curved display surface, and display can be performed along the curved display surface.
- the mobile information terminal 9200 can also make a hands-free call by mutual communication with, for example, a headset capable of wireless communication. Further, the portable information terminal 9200 can also perform data transmission with another information terminal or charge by using the connection terminal 9006. Note that the charging operation may be performed by wireless power feeding.
- 25E, 25F, and 25G are perspective views showing a foldable portable information terminal 9201.
- 25E is a perspective view showing a state where the mobile information terminal 9201 is expanded
- FIG. 25G is a state where it is folded
- FIG. 25F is a perspective view showing a state in which the portable information terminal 9201 is being changed from one of FIG. 25E and FIG. 25G to the other.
- the portable information terminal 9201 is excellent in portability in a folded state and excellent in displayability due to a wide display area without a joint in an expanded state.
- a display portion 9001 included in the portable information terminal 9201 is supported by three housings 9000 connected by a hinge 9055.
- the display portion 9001 can be bent with a radius of curvature of 1 mm or more and 150 mm or less.
- FIG. 26A shows an example of a television device.
- a display portion 7500 is incorporated in a housing 7101 of the television device 7100.
- a structure is shown in which the housing 7101 is supported by a stand 7103.
- the television device 7100 shown in FIG. 26A can be operated with an operation switch included in the housing 7101 or a remote controller 7111 which is a separate body.
- a touch panel may be applied to the display portion 7500 and the television device 7100 may be operated by touching the touch panel.
- the remote controller 7111 may have a display portion in addition to the operation buttons.
- the television device 7100 may include a television broadcast receiver and a communication device for network connection.
- FIG. 26B shows a notebook personal computer 7200.
- the laptop personal computer 7200 includes a housing 7211, a keyboard 7212, a pointing device 7213, an external connection port 7214, and the like.
- a display portion 7500 is incorporated in the housing 7211.
- 26C and 26D show an example of digital signage (digital signage).
- the digital signage 7300 illustrated in FIG. 26C includes a housing 7301, a display portion 7500, a speaker 7303, and the like. Further, an LED lamp, an operation key (including a power switch or an operation switch), a connection terminal, various sensors, a microphone, and the like can be provided.
- FIG. 26D is a digital signage 7400 attached to a column 7401.
- the digital signage 7400 includes a display portion 7500 provided along the curved surface of the pillar 7401.
- the wider the display unit 7500 the more information that can be provided at one time, and the more noticeable it is. Therefore, for example, the advertising effect of an advertisement is enhanced.
- a touch panel to the display portion 7500 so that the user can operate it.
- it can be used not only for advertising purposes but also for purposes such as providing route information, traffic information, guidance information for commercial facilities, and other information required by users.
- the digital signage 7300 or the digital signage 7400 can cooperate with an information terminal device 7311 such as a smartphone owned by the user by wireless communication.
- the display of the display unit 7500 can be switched by displaying the advertisement information displayed on the display unit 7500 on the screen of the information terminal device 7311 or operating the information terminal device 7311.
- the digital signage 7300 or the digital signage 7400 can execute a game using the information terminal device 7311 as an operation means (controller). This allows an unspecified number of users to simultaneously participate in the game and enjoy it.
- the display device of one embodiment of the present invention can be applied to the display portion 7500 in FIGS. 26A to 26D.
- the electronic device has a structure including a display portion; however, one embodiment of the present invention can be applied to an electronic device without a display portion.
- This embodiment can be implemented by appropriately combining at least part of it with other embodiments described in this specification.
- samples (sample A1 to sample A6) corresponding to the transistor 100C shown in FIG. 9 were manufactured, and the drain current-drain voltage characteristics (Id-Vd characteristics) of the transistors were evaluated.
- a 30-nm-thick titanium film and a 100-nm-thick copper film were sequentially formed over a glass substrate by a sputtering method and processed to obtain a first gate electrode (bottom gate).
- a first silicon nitride film having a thickness of 50 nm, a second silicon nitride film having a thickness of 150 nm, a third silicon nitride film having a thickness of 100 nm, and a thickness of 3 nm are formed.
- the first silicon oxynitride film of was formed in this order.
- the first silicon nitride film and the third silicon nitride film were formed by the PECVD method using a mixed gas of a silane gas having a flow rate of 200 sccm, a nitrogen gas having a flow rate of 2000 sccm, and an ammonia gas having a flow rate of 100 sccm.
- the pressure during film formation was 100 Pa
- the film formation power was 2000 W
- the substrate temperature was 350 ° C. Note that the first silicon nitride film corresponds to the insulating layer 103a described in Embodiment 1 and the third silicon nitride film corresponds to the insulating layer 103c described in Embodiment 1.
- the second silicon nitride film was formed by the PECVD method using a mixed gas of silane gas having a flow rate of 290 sccm, nitrogen gas having a flow rate of 2000 sccm, and ammonia gas having a flow rate of 2000 sccm.
- the pressure during film formation was 200 Pa
- the film formation power was 3000 W
- the substrate temperature was 350 ° C.
- the second silicon nitride film corresponds to the insulating layer 103b described in Embodiment 1.
- the first silicon oxynitride film was formed by a PECVD method using a mixed gas of a silane gas having a flow rate of 20 sccm and a nitrous oxide gas having a flow rate of 3000 sccm.
- the pressure during film formation was 40 Pa
- the film formation power was 3000 W
- the substrate temperature was 350 ° C. Note that the first silicon oxynitride film corresponds to the insulating layer 103d described in Embodiment 1.
- the pressure during film formation was 0.3 Pa
- the power supply was 4.5 kW
- the substrate temperature was room temperature.
- a mixed gas of oxygen gas and argon gas was used as the film forming gas, and the ratio of the flow rate of the oxygen gas to the total flow rate of the film forming gas (hereinafter referred to as the oxygen flow rate ratio) was set to 10%.
- the first metal oxide film was processed into an island shape to form a first metal oxide layer.
- a second silicon oxynitride film having a thickness of 5 nm, a third silicon oxynitride film having a thickness of 130 nm, and a fourth silicon oxynitride film having a thickness of 5 nm are formed in this order as a second gate insulating layer. A film was formed.
- the second silicon oxynitride film was formed by a PECVD method using a mixed gas of a silane gas having a flow rate of 24 sccm and a nitrous oxide gas having a flow rate of 18000 sccm.
- the pressure during film formation was 200 Pa
- the film formation power was 130 W
- the substrate temperature was 350 ° C.
- the second silicon oxynitride film corresponds to the insulating layer 110a described in Embodiment 1.
- the third silicon oxynitride film was formed by the PECVD method using a mixed gas of a silane gas having a flow rate of 200 sccm and a nitrous oxide gas having a flow rate of 10,000 sccm.
- the pressure during film formation was 300 Pa
- the film formation power was 750 W
- the substrate temperature was 350 ° C.
- the third silicon oxynitride film corresponds to the insulating layer 110b described in Embodiment 1.
- the fourth silicon oxynitride film was formed by the PECVD method using a mixed gas of a silane gas having a flow rate of 20 sccm and a nitrous oxide gas having a flow rate of 3000 sccm.
- the pressure during film formation was 40 Pa
- the film formation power was 500 W
- the substrate temperature was 350 ° C.
- the fourth silicon oxynitride film corresponds to the insulating layer 110c described in Embodiment 1.
- heat treatment was performed at 370 ° C for 1 hour in a nitrogen atmosphere.
- An oven device was used for the heat treatment.
- the pressure during film formation was 0.8 Pa
- the power supply power was 3.5 kW
- the substrate temperature was room temperature.
- Oxygen gas oxygen flow rate ratio 100%
- an ITSO film having a thickness of 10 nm and a copper film having a thickness of 100 nm were formed in this order on the second metal oxide film.
- the ITSO film and the copper film were formed by the sputtering method.
- a Cu target was used for forming the copper film.
- a resist mask was formed on the copper film, the second metal oxide film, the ITSO film and the copper film were processed to form the second metal oxide layer, the ITSO layer and the copper layer.
- Wet etching was used for processing.
- a chemical liquid in which two chemical liquids A and B were mixed at a volume ratio of 5: 1 immediately before use was used.
- As the chemical liquid A an aqueous solution of phosphoric acid (less than 5 weight%), hydrofluoric acid (less than 1 weight%), nitric acid (less than 10 weight%), and additive (less than 22 weight%) was used.
- As the chemical liquid B an aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide (31 weight%) was used.
- the etchant temperature during etching was 30 ° C.
- the wet etching process time was made different for each of sample A1 to sample A6, and the width L2 of the region 108L was made different.
- the sample A1 has a wet etching processing time of 60 sec
- the sample A2 has a wet etching processing time of 75 sec
- the sample A3 has a wet etching processing time of 90 sec
- the sample A4 has a wet etching processing time of 105 sec
- the sample A5 has a wet etching processing time of 120 sec.
- the wet etching process time of sample A6 was set to 135 seconds.
- I washed.
- an aqueous solution obtained by diluting 85 weight% phosphoric acid 500 times was used.
- the etchant temperature during etching was room temperature, and the processing time was 15 sec.
- the second silicon oxynitride film to the fourth silicon oxynitride film were processed using the above resist mask as a mask to form a second gate insulating layer. Further, when forming the second gate insulating layer, the first silicon oxynitride film in a region which does not overlap with the resist mask was removed to expose part of the third silicon nitride film. A dry etching method was used for processing. After this, the resist mask was removed.
- a 100-nm-thick fourth silicon nitride film and a 300-nm-thick fifth silicon oxynitride film were formed in this order.
- the fourth silicon nitride film was formed by the PECVD method using a mixed gas of a silane gas having a flow rate of 150 sccm, a nitrogen gas having a flow rate of 5000 sccm, and an ammonia gas having a flow rate of 100 sccm.
- the pressure during film formation was 200 Pa
- the film formation power was 2000 W
- the substrate temperature was 350 ° C.
- the fifth silicon oxynitride film was formed by a PECVD method using a mixed gas of a silane gas having a flow rate of 290 sccm and a nitrous oxide gas having a flow rate of 4000 sccm.
- the pressure during film formation was 133 Pa
- the film formation power was 1000 W
- the substrate temperature was 350 ° C.
- a part of the protective layer covering the transistor is opened, and a titanium film having a thickness of 30 nm, a copper film having a thickness of 100 nm, and a titanium film having a thickness of 50 nm are formed in this order by a sputtering method, and then formed. It processed and obtained the source electrode and the drain electrode. Then, an acrylic resin film having a thickness of about 1.5 ⁇ m was formed as a flattening layer, and heat treatment was performed under a nitrogen atmosphere at a temperature of 250 ° C. for 1 hour.
- the transistors (sample A1 to sample A6) formed on the glass substrate were obtained.
- the Id-Vd characteristics of the transistor were measured by setting the source potential to the ground potential (GND) and sweeping the drain voltage (Vd) from 0V to 30V at 0.25V intervals. Id-Vd measurement was continuously performed using the same transistor under four conditions of gate voltage (Vg) of 0V, 2V, 4V and 6V.
- the transistor had a channel length of 3 ⁇ m and a channel width of 10 ⁇ m.
- FIGS. 27 and 28 The Id-Vd characteristics of sample A1 to sample A6 are shown in FIGS. 27 and 28. 27 and 28, the horizontal axis represents the drain voltage (Vd) and the vertical axis represents the drain current (Id).
- the width L2 of sample A1 is approximately 200 nm
- the width L2 of sample A2 is approximately 300 nm
- the width L2 of sample A3 is approximately 400 nm
- the width L2 of sample A4 is approximately 500 nm
- the width L2 of sample A5 is approximately 600 nm
- the sample A6 is sample A6.
- the width L2 was about 700 nm.
- Single Gate indicates the result of performing Id-Vd measurement by applying a gate voltage (Vg) to the conductive layer 112 in the transistor having no conductive layer 106.
- Source Sync In the transistor having the conductive layer 106, the conductive layer 106 (bottom gate electrode) is electrically connected to the source electrode (GND), and the conductive layer 112 (top gate electrode) has a gate voltage (Vg). The results of Id-Vd measurement by applying a voltage are shown.
- Top Gate Sync In the transistor having the conductive layer 106, the conductive layer 106 (bottom gate electrode) is electrically connected to the source electrode (GND), and the conductive layer 112 (top gate electrode) has a gate voltage (Vg). The results of Id-Vd measurement by applying a voltage are shown.
- Top Gate Sync In the transistor having the conductive layer 106, the conductive layer 106 (bottom gate electrode) is electrically connected to the source electrode (GND), and the conductive layer 112 (top gate electrode) has a gate voltage (
- the conductive layer 106 (bottom gate electrode) is electrically connected to the conductive layer 112 (top gate electrode), and the gate voltage is applied to the conductive layer 112 (top gate electrode).
- the result of applying (Vg) and performing Id-Vd measurement is shown.
- samples (sample B1 to sample B3) corresponding to the regions 108C, 108L, and 108N shown in FIG. 2 were produced, and the resistances of the regions 108C, 108L, and 108N were evaluated.
- the sample B1 corresponds to the area 108C
- the sample B2 corresponds to the area 108L
- the sample B3 corresponds to the area 108N.
- a 25-nm-thick first metal oxide film was formed over a glass substrate.
- the pressure during film formation was 0.6 Pa
- the power supply was 2.5 kW
- the substrate temperature was room temperature.
- a mixed gas of oxygen gas and argon gas was used as a film forming gas, and the oxygen flow rate ratio was set to 10%.
- a first silicon oxynitride film having a thickness of 5 nm, a second silicon oxynitride film having a thickness of 130 nm, and a third silicon oxynitride film having a thickness of 5 nm were formed in this order.
- the first silicon oxynitride film was formed by the PECVD method using a mixed gas of a silane gas having a flow rate of 24 sccm and a nitrous oxide gas having a flow rate of 18000 sccm.
- the pressure during film formation was 200 Pa
- the film formation power was 130 W
- the substrate temperature was 350 ° C.
- the second silicon oxynitride film was formed by a PECVD method using a mixed gas of a silane gas having a flow rate of 200 sccm and a nitrous oxide gas having a flow rate of 10,000 sccm.
- the pressure during film formation was 300 Pa
- the film formation power was 750 W
- the substrate temperature was 350 ° C.
- the third silicon oxynitride film was formed by a PECVD method using a mixed gas of a silane gas having a flow rate of 20 sccm and a nitrous oxide gas having a flow rate of 3000 sccm.
- the pressure during film formation was 40 Pa
- the film formation power was 500 W
- the substrate temperature was 350 ° C.
- heat treatment was performed at 370 ° C for 1 hour in a nitrogen atmosphere.
- An oven device was used for the heat treatment.
- a second metal oxide film having a thickness of 20 nm was formed on the third silicon oxynitride film.
- the pressure during film formation was 0.8 Pa
- the power supply power was 3.5 kW
- the substrate temperature was room temperature.
- Oxygen gas oxygen flow rate ratio 100%
- an ITSO film having a thickness of 10 nm and a copper film having a thickness of 100 nm were formed in this order on the second metal oxide film.
- the ITSO film and the copper film were formed by the sputtering method.
- a Cu target was used for forming the copper film.
- the silicon nitride film was formed by the PECVD method using a mixed gas of silane gas having a flow rate of 150 sccm, nitrogen gas having a flow rate of 5000 sccm, and ammonia gas having a flow rate of 100 sccm.
- the pressure during film formation was 200 Pa
- the film formation power was 2000 W
- the substrate temperature was 350 ° C.
- the silicon nitride film, the copper film, the ITSO film, and the second metal oxide film were removed to expose the third silicon oxynitride film.
- ⁇ Preparation of sample sample B2> First, on a glass substrate, a first metal oxide film, a first silicon oxynitride film, a second silicon oxynitride film, a third silicon oxynitride film, a second metal oxide film, an ITSO film, and A copper film was formed. Up to the formation of the copper film, the description of ⁇ Sample preparation sample B1> can be referred to, and detailed description thereof will be omitted.
- the copper film, the ITSO film, and the second metal oxide film were removed to expose the third silicon oxynitride film.
- the silicon nitride film was formed by the PECVD method using a mixed gas of silane gas having a flow rate of 150 sccm, nitrogen gas having a flow rate of 5000 sccm, and ammonia gas having a flow rate of 100 sccm.
- the pressure during film formation was 200 Pa
- the film formation power was 2000 W
- the substrate temperature was 350 ° C.
- ⁇ Sample preparation sample B3> First, on a glass substrate, a first metal oxide film, a first silicon oxynitride film, a second silicon oxynitride film, a third silicon oxynitride film, a second metal oxide film, an ITSO film, and A copper film was formed. Up to the formation of the copper film, the description of ⁇ Sample preparation sample B1> can be referred to, and detailed description thereof will be omitted.
- the copper film, the ITSO film, the second metal oxide film, the first silicon oxynitride film, the second silicon oxynitride film, and the third silicon oxynitride film are removed to remove the first metal oxide.
- the membrane was exposed.
- the silicon nitride film was formed by the PECVD method using a mixed gas of silane gas having a flow rate of 150 sccm, nitrogen gas having a flow rate of 5000 sccm, and ammonia gas having a flow rate of 100 sccm.
- the pressure during film formation was 200 Pa
- the film formation power was 2000 W
- the substrate temperature was 350 ° C.
- FIG. 29 shows the sheet resistance values of sample B1 to sample B3.
- the horizontal axis represents the sample name and the vertical axis represents the sheet resistance Rs.
- the sheet resistance of sample B1 corresponding to the region 108C was about 1.5 ⁇ 10 11 ⁇ / ⁇ .
- the sheet resistance of the sample B2 corresponding to the region 108L was 4.6 ⁇ 10 5 ⁇ / ⁇ .
- the sheet resistance of sample B3 corresponding to the region 108N was 8.0 ⁇ 10 2 ⁇ / ⁇ .
- samples (sample C1 and sample C2) corresponding to the transistor 100A shown in FIG. 5 were prepared and the cross-sectional shape was evaluated.
- a 30-nm-thick titanium film and a 100-nm-thick copper film were sequentially formed over a glass substrate by a sputtering method and processed to obtain a first gate electrode (bottom gate).
- a first silicon nitride film having a thickness of 50 nm, a second silicon nitride film having a thickness of 150 nm, a third silicon nitride film having a thickness of 100 nm, and a thickness of 3 nm are formed.
- the first silicon oxynitride film of was formed in this order. Since the description of Embodiment 1 can be referred to for the first to third silicon nitride films to the third silicon nitride film and the first silicon oxynitride film, detailed description thereof is omitted.
- Example 1 Since the description of Example 1 can be referred to for the first metal oxide film, detailed description thereof is omitted.
- the first metal oxide film was processed into an island shape to form a first metal oxide layer.
- a second silicon oxynitride film having a thickness of 5 nm, a third silicon oxynitride film having a thickness of 130 nm, and a fourth silicon oxynitride film having a thickness of 5 nm are formed in this order as a second gate insulating layer.
- a film was formed. Since the description in Embodiment 1 can be referred to for the second silicon oxynitride film to the fourth silicon oxynitride film, detailed description thereof is omitted.
- heat treatment was performed at 370 ° C for 1 hour in a nitrogen atmosphere.
- An oven device was used for the heat treatment.
- Example 1 Since the description of Example 1 can be referred to for the second metal oxide film, detailed description thereof is omitted.
- Example 1 an ITSO film having a thickness of 10 nm and a copper film having a thickness of 100 nm were formed in this order on the second metal oxide film. Since the description of Example 1 can be referred to for the ITSO film and the copper film, detailed description thereof is omitted.
- a resist mask was formed on the copper film, the second metal oxide film, the ITSO film and the copper film were processed to form the second metal oxide layer, the ITSO layer and the copper layer.
- Wet etching was used for processing. Since the description of Example 1 can be referred to for the etchant, detailed description will be omitted.
- the wet etching time was 60 seconds.
- the second silicon oxynitride film to the fourth silicon oxynitride film were processed using the above resist mask as a mask to form a second gate insulating layer.
- a dry etching method was used for processing.
- different dry etching conditions were used for sample C1 and sample C2.
- Sample C1 used C 4 F 8 as an etching gas.
- ICP high frequency power was 6000 W
- Bias high frequency power was 1000 W
- pressure was 0.67 Pa
- C 4 F 8 gas flow rate was 100 sccm
- etching time was 140 sec
- lower electrode temperature was 10 ° C.
- sample C2 was used CF 4 as an etching gas.
- the ICP high frequency power was 6000 W
- the Bias high frequency power was 750 W
- the pressure was 0.67 Pa
- the CF 4 gas flow rate was 100 sccm
- the etching time was 112 sec
- the lower electrode temperature was 10 ° C.
- Example 1 As a protective layer covering the transistor, a 100-nm-thick fourth silicon nitride film and a 300-nm-thick fifth silicon oxynitride film were formed in this order. Since the description of Example 1 can be referred to for the fourth silicon nitride film and the fifth silicon oxynitride film, detailed description thereof is omitted.
- a part of the protective layer covering the transistor is opened, and a titanium film having a thickness of 30 nm, a copper film having a thickness of 100 nm, and a titanium film having a thickness of 50 nm are formed in this order by a sputtering method, and then formed. It processed and obtained the source electrode and the drain electrode. Thereafter, an acrylic resin having a thickness of about 1.5 ⁇ m was applied as a flattening layer, and heat treatment was performed under a nitrogen atmosphere at a temperature of 250 ° C. for 1 hour.
- transistors (sample C1 and sample C2) formed on the glass substrate were obtained.
- etching rate was evaluated under the dry etching conditions used for etching the second silicon oxynitride film to the fourth silicon oxynitride film in the fabrication of sample C1 and sample C2.
- the etching rate is shown in Table 1.
- Table 1 the upper row shows the etching rate by the C 4 F 8 gas used for manufacturing sample C1, and the lower row shows the etching rate by the CF 4 gas used for manufacturing sample C2.
- the type of the film to be etched is shown in the horizontal direction.
- SiON indicates a silicon oxynitride film
- SiN indicates a silicon nitride film
- IGZO indicates a metal oxide film
- PR indicates a resist film.
- FIG. 30A A STEM image of the cross section of sample C1 is shown in FIG. 30A, and a STEM image of the cross section of sample C2 is shown in FIG. 30B.
- 30A and 30B are transmission electron images (TE image: Transmission Electron Image) at a magnification of 80,000 times.
- TE image Transmission Electron Image
- a silicon oxynitride layer is denoted by SiON
- a silicon nitride layer is denoted by SiN
- a metal oxide layer is denoted by IGZO
- ITSO layer an ITSO layer
- Cu a copper layer is denoted by Cu.
- the width L2 of the region 108L in the sample C1 was 233 nm.
- the width L2 of the region 108L in the sample C2 was 157 nm.
- the CF 4 gas used for manufacturing the sample C2 has a higher etching rate with respect to the resist film, and the CF 4 gas used for the second gate insulating layer has a higher etching rate. It is presumed that the amount of recession of the resist used during formation is large. It is considered that the width L2 of the sample C2 is reduced due to the large amount of resist receding in the etching using the CF 4 gas. That is, it was found that the width L2 of the region 108L can be controlled by adjusting the formation condition of the second gate insulating layer.
- samples (sample D1 to sample D4) corresponding to the transistor 100C shown in FIG. 9 were manufactured, and the drain current-drain voltage characteristics (Id-Vd characteristics) and reliability of the transistors were evaluated.
- an indium zinc oxide layer is used as the metal oxide layer 114.
- the conductive layer 112 a sample using a copper layer, a sample using a stacked structure of a copper layer, and an indium zinc oxide layer over the copper layer were manufactured.
- a 30-nm-thick titanium film and a 100-nm-thick copper film were sequentially formed over a glass substrate by a sputtering method and processed to obtain a first gate electrode (bottom gate).
- a first silicon nitride film having a thickness of 50 nm, a second silicon nitride film having a thickness of 150 nm, a third silicon nitride film having a thickness of 100 nm, and a thickness of 3 nm are formed.
- the first silicon oxynitride film of was formed in this order. Since the description of Example 1 can be referred to for the first silicon nitride film, the second silicon nitride film, the third silicon nitride film, and the first silicon oxynitride film, detailed description thereof is omitted.
- the pressure during film formation was 0.3 Pa, the power supply was 4.5 kW, and the substrate temperature was room temperature.
- a mixed gas of oxygen gas and argon gas was used as a film forming gas, and the oxygen flow rate ratio was set to 10%.
- the first metal oxide film was processed into an island shape to form a first metal oxide layer.
- a second silicon oxynitride film having a thickness of 5 nm, a third silicon oxynitride film having a thickness of 130 nm, and a fourth silicon oxynitride film having a thickness of 5 nm are formed in this order as a second gate insulating layer.
- a film was formed. Since the description of Example 1 can be referred to for the second gate insulating layer, the third silicon oxynitride film, and the fourth silicon oxynitride film, detailed description thereof is omitted.
- heat treatment was performed at 370 ° C for 1 hour in a nitrogen atmosphere.
- An oven device was used for the heat treatment.
- the pressure during film formation was 0.6 Pa, the power supply was 2.5 kW, and the substrate temperature was room temperature.
- Oxygen gas oxygen flow rate ratio 100% was used as a film forming gas.
- sample D1 and sample D2 a 100 nm-thick copper film was formed on the second metal oxide film as a conductive film.
- sample D3 and sample D4 a 100 nm-thick copper film and a 30 nm-thick indium zinc oxide film were formed in this order as conductive films on the second metal oxide film.
- the copper film and the indium zinc oxide film were formed by the sputtering method.
- a Cu target was used for forming the copper film.
- the pressure during film formation was 0.6 Pa, the power supply was 2.5 kW, and the substrate temperature was room temperature.
- a mixed gas of oxygen gas and argon gas was used as a film forming gas, and the oxygen flow rate ratio was set to 30%.
- Example 1 the description of Example 1 can be referred to, and thus the detailed description thereof will be omitted.
- the processing time for wet etching was 55 sec for all the samples.
- the second silicon oxynitride film to the fourth silicon oxynitride film were processed using the above resist mask as a mask to form a second gate insulating layer. Further, when forming the second gate insulating layer, the first silicon oxynitride film in a region which does not overlap with the resist mask was removed to expose part of the third silicon nitride film. A dry etching method was used for processing. After this, the resist mask was removed.
- sample D2 and sample D4 were washed.
- an aqueous solution obtained by diluting 85 weight% phosphoric acid 500 times was used.
- the etchant temperature during etching was room temperature, and the processing time was 15 sec.
- Sample D1 and sample D3 were not washed.
- Example 1 As a protective layer covering the transistor, a 100-nm-thick fourth silicon nitride film and a 300-nm-thick fifth silicon oxynitride film were formed in this order.
- the description of Example 1 can be referred to for the fourth silicon nitride film and the fifth silicon oxynitride film, and thus detailed description thereof is omitted.
- a part of the protective layer covering the transistor is opened, and a titanium film having a thickness of 30 nm, a copper film having a thickness of 100 nm, and a titanium film having a thickness of 50 nm are formed in this order by a sputtering method, and then formed. It processed and obtained the source electrode and the drain electrode. Thereafter, an acrylic resin having a thickness of about 1.5 ⁇ m was applied as a flattening layer, and heat treatment was performed under a nitrogen atmosphere at a temperature of 250 ° C. for 1 hour.
- the transistors (sample D1 to sample D4) formed on the glass substrate were obtained.
- the Id-Vg characteristics of the transistor include a voltage applied to the first gate electrode (hereinafter also referred to as a gate voltage (Vg)) and a voltage applied to the second gate electrode (hereinafter also referred to as a gate voltage (Vbg)).
- Vg gate voltage
- Vbg gate voltage
- Vd drain voltage
- FIGS. 31 to 34 show conditions in which the channel lengths of the transistors are different in the vertical direction, and three types of transistors having channel lengths of 2 ⁇ m, 3 ⁇ m, 6 ⁇ m, and channel width of 3 ⁇ m are shown.
- the horizontal axis represents the gate voltage (Vg)
- the left vertical axis represents the drain current (Id)
- the Id-Vg characteristics of 20 transistors were measured for each sample. 31 to 34, the Id-Vg characteristic results of 20 transistors are shown in an overlapping manner.
- the 31 to 34 also show the difference (2 ⁇ L) between the design channel length and the effective channel length.
- the effective channel length was determined by TLM (Transmission Line Model) analysis.
- the substrate on which the transistor was formed was kept at 60 ° C., a voltage of 0.1 V was applied to the drain of the transistor, and a voltage of 20 V was applied to the gate, and this state was kept for 1 hour.
- the test was conducted in a dark environment.
- the substrate on which the transistor was formed was held at 60 ° C, a voltage of 10V was applied to the drain of the transistor, and a voltage of -20V was applied to the gate, and this state was maintained for 1 hour.
- the test was performed in a light irradiation environment (a white LED emits light of about 3400 lux).
- a transistor with a channel length of 2 ⁇ m and a channel width of 3 ⁇ m was used in the reliability test, and the fluctuation amount ( ⁇ Vth) of the threshold voltage before and after the gate bias stress test was evaluated.
- FIG. 35 shows the variation amount ( ⁇ Vth) of the threshold voltage of sample E1 to sample E4.
- sample D2 and sample D4 which were washed were changed in the threshold voltage in the PBTS test ( It was confirmed that ⁇ Vth) was small. It was confirmed that the impurities attached to the gate insulating layer and the semiconductor layer were removed and the reliability of the transistor was improved by performing cleaning before the formation of the protective layer.
- sample E1 to sample 7 in which the conditions of the plasma treatment and the conditions of the heat treatment after the plasma treatment were different were produced.
- a 25-nm-thick metal oxide film was formed as a semiconductor film over a glass substrate.
- the pressure during film formation was 0.6 Pa
- the power supply was 2.5 kW
- the substrate temperature was room temperature.
- a mixed gas of oxygen gas and argon gas was used as a film forming gas, and the oxygen flow rate ratio was set to 10%.
- a first silicon oxynitride film having a thickness of 5 nm, a second silicon oxynitride film having a thickness of 130 nm, and a third silicon oxynitride film having a thickness of 5 nm were formed in this order. .. Since the description of Example 2 can be referred to for the first silicon oxynitride film, the second silicon oxynitride film, and the third silicon oxynitride film, detailed description thereof is omitted.
- plasma treatment was performed.
- the plasma treatment was performed continuously using a PECVD apparatus after the formation of the above-described first silicon oxynitride film, second silicon oxynitride film, and third silicon oxynitride film.
- oxygen gas with a flow rate of 3000 sccm was used, the pressure was 40 Pa, and the electric power was 3000 W.
- the substrate temperature during the plasma processing was 350 ° C.
- the sample E2 and the sample E3 have a plasma processing time of 15 sec, the sample E4 and the sample E5 have a time of 30 sec, and the sample E6 and the sample E7 have a time of 60 sec. sample E1 was not plasma treated.
- sample E1, sample E3, sample E5, and sample E7 were heat-treated at 370 ° C. for 1 hour in a nitrogen atmosphere. An oven device was used for the heat treatment. Sample E2, sample E4, and sample E6 were not heat-treated.
- openings were formed in the first silicon oxynitride film, the second silicon oxynitride film, and the third silicon oxynitride film to reach the metal oxide film, and terminals were provided.
- FIG. 36 shows the sheet resistance values of sample E1 to sample E7.
- the horizontal axis represents the plasma processing time and the vertical axis represents the sheet resistance Rs.
- the resistance of the metal oxide film was increased by performing the plasma treatment in the atmosphere containing oxygen. Further, the resistance of the metal oxide film increases as the plasma treatment time increases, and the resistance of the metal oxide film tends to increase by performing heat treatment after the plasma treatment. It was found that by performing plasma treatment in an atmosphere containing oxygen after forming the insulating film over the metal oxide film, oxygen was supplied to the metal oxide film and the resistance of the metal oxide film could be increased.
- transistors (sample F1 to sample F3) manufactured by a method different from that of Example 1 were evaluated.
- a 30-nm-thick titanium film and a 100-nm-thick copper film were sequentially formed over a glass substrate by a sputtering method and processed to obtain a first gate electrode (bottom gate).
- a first silicon nitride film having a thickness of 50 nm, a second silicon nitride film having a thickness of 150 nm, a third silicon nitride film having a thickness of 100 nm, and a thickness of 3 nm are formed.
- the first silicon oxynitride film of was formed in this order. Since the description of Example 1 can be referred to for the first silicon nitride film, the second silicon nitride film, the third silicon nitride film, and the first silicon oxynitride film, detailed description thereof is omitted.
- the pressure during film formation was 0.3 Pa, the power supply was 4.5 kW, and the substrate temperature was room temperature.
- a mixed gas of oxygen gas and argon gas was used as a film forming gas, and the oxygen flow rate ratio was set to 10%.
- the first metal oxide film was processed into an island shape to form a first metal oxide layer.
- a second silicon oxynitride film having a thickness of 5 nm, a third silicon oxynitride film having a thickness of 130 nm, and a fourth silicon oxynitride film having a thickness of 5 nm are formed in this order as a second gate insulating layer.
- a film was formed. Since the description of Example 1 can be referred to for the second gate insulating layer, the third silicon oxynitride film, and the fourth silicon oxynitride film, detailed description thereof is omitted.
- heat treatment was performed at 370 ° C for 1 hour in a nitrogen atmosphere.
- An oven device was used for the heat treatment.
- the second metal oxide film had a stacked structure of an In-Ga-Zn oxide film with a thickness of 20 nm and an indium tin oxide (ITSO) film containing silicon with a thickness of 10 nm.
- the pressure during film formation was 0.15 Pa, the power supply was 1 kW (direct current), and the substrate temperature was 80 ° C.
- Argon gas was used as a film forming gas.
- a copper film having a thickness of 100 nm was formed on the second metal oxide film.
- the copper film was formed by a sputtering method using a Cu target.
- Example 1 a resist mask was formed on the conductive film, the second metal oxide film and the conductive film were processed, and the second metal oxide layer and the conductive layer were formed.
- Wet etching was used for processing. With respect to the etchant, the description of Example 1 can be referred to, and thus the detailed description thereof will be omitted.
- the wet etching processing time was made different for each of sample F1 to sample F3, and the width L2 of the region 108L was made different.
- the width L2 of the sample F1 is about 200 nm
- the width L2 of the sample F2 is about 300 nm
- the width L2 of the sample F3 is about 400 nm.
- the second silicon oxynitride film to the fourth silicon oxynitride film were processed using the above resist mask as a mask to form a second gate insulating layer. Further, when forming the second gate insulating layer, the first silicon oxynitride film in a region which does not overlap with the resist mask was removed to expose part of the third silicon nitride film. A dry etching method was used for processing. After this, the resist mask was removed.
- I washed.
- an aqueous solution obtained by diluting 85 weight% phosphoric acid 500 times was used.
- the etchant temperature during etching was room temperature, and the processing time was 15 sec.
- Example 1 As a protective layer covering the transistor, a 100-nm-thick fourth silicon nitride film and a 300-nm-thick fifth silicon oxynitride film were formed in this order.
- the description of Example 1 can be referred to for the fourth silicon nitride film and the fifth silicon oxynitride film, and thus detailed description thereof is omitted.
- a part of the protective layer covering the transistor is opened, a titanium film with a thickness of 50 nm, an aluminum film with a thickness of 400 nm, and a titanium film with a thickness of 100 nm are formed in this order by a sputtering method, and then this is formed. It processed and obtained the source electrode and the drain electrode. Thereafter, an acrylic resin having a thickness of about 1.5 ⁇ m was applied as a flattening layer, and heat treatment was performed under a nitrogen atmosphere at a temperature of 250 ° C. for 1 hour.
- the transistors (sample F1 to sample F3) formed on the glass substrate were obtained.
- the Id-Vd characteristics of the transistor were measured by setting the source potential to the ground potential (GND) and sweeping the drain voltage (Vd) from 0V to 30V at 0.25V intervals. Id-Vd measurement was continuously performed using the same transistor under four conditions of gate voltage (Vg) of 0V, 2V, 4V and 6V.
- the transistor had a channel length of 6 ⁇ m and a channel width of 10 ⁇ m.
- FIG. 37 shows Id-Vd characteristics of sample F1 to sample F3.
- the horizontal axis represents the drain voltage (Vd) and the vertical axis represents the drain current (Id).
- Example 1 As shown in FIG. 37, as in Example 1, the larger the width L2, the more the decrease in the on-current tended to be suppressed, and good Id-Vd characteristics were exhibited.
- a gate driver circuit that can be used for a display device was manufactured and evaluated in continuous operation.
- a gate driver circuit having a transistor manufactured under the same conditions as the above-described sample F3 (width L2 about 400 nm) was used.
- FIG. 38 shows the input waveform and output waveform of the gate driver circuit.
- the vertical axis represents voltage and the horizontal axis represents time.
- the upper part of each figure shows the waveform of the input signal, and the lower part shows the waveform of the output signal.
- the gate driver circuit including the transistor of one embodiment of the present invention operates normally even when continuously operated at a high driving voltage of 40 V.
- the amount of released hydrogen and the like of the silicon nitride film that can be used for the insulating layer 116 described in Embodiment 1 were evaluated.
- sample preparation 1 Samples having a silicon nitride film (sample G1 to sample G6) were manufactured, and desorption of hydrogen from the silicon nitride film was evaluated.
- the sample structures of sample G1 to sample G6 are shown in FIG. 39A.
- a 100-nm-thick first silicon nitride film 201 was formed over a glass substrate 200.
- the film forming gas used for forming the first silicon nitride film 201 and the substrate temperature during film forming were changed for sample G1 to sample G6.
- the first silicon nitride film 201 of sample G1 was formed by a PECVD method using a mixed gas of a silane gas having a flow rate of 150 sccm, a nitrogen gas having a flow rate of 5000 sccm, and an ammonia gas having a flow rate of 100 sccm.
- the substrate temperature during film formation was 240 ° C.
- the first silicon nitride film 201 of sample G2 was formed by the PECVD method using a mixed gas of silane gas with a flow rate of 150 sccm and nitrogen gas with a flow rate of 5000 sccm.
- the substrate temperature during film formation was 240 ° C.
- the first silicon nitride film 201 of sample G3 was formed by the PECVD method using a mixed gas of a silane gas having a flow rate of 150 sccm, a nitrogen gas having a flow rate of 5000 sccm, and an ammonia gas having a flow rate of 100 sccm.
- the substrate temperature during film formation was 300 ° C.
- the first silicon nitride film 201 of sample G4 was formed by the PECVD method using a mixed gas of silane gas with a flow rate of 150 sccm and nitrogen gas with a flow rate of 5000 sccm.
- the substrate temperature during film formation was 300 ° C.
- the first silicon nitride film 201 of sample G5 was formed by the PECVD method using a mixed gas of a silane gas having a flow rate of 150 sccm, a nitrogen gas having a flow rate of 5000 sccm, and an ammonia gas having a flow rate of 100 sccm.
- the substrate temperature during film formation was 350 ° C.
- the first silicon nitride film 201 of sample G6 was formed by the PECVD method using a mixed gas of silane gas with a flow rate of 150 sccm and nitrogen gas with a flow rate of 5000 sccm.
- the substrate temperature during film formation was 350 ° C.
- the pressure at the time of forming the first silicon nitride film 201 was 200 Pa and the film forming power was 2000 W.
- sample preparation 2 Samples (sample H1 to sample H6) having a silicon nitride film were prepared, and the blocking property of the silicon nitride film against hydrogen was evaluated.
- the sample structures of sample H1 to sample H6 are shown in FIG. 39B.
- the second silicon nitride film 203 having a thickness of 300 nm and the first silicon nitride film 201 having a thickness of 100 nm were formed on the glass substrate 200.
- a sample (sample J) in which a second silicon nitride film 203 having a thickness of 300 nm was formed over the glass substrate 200 was manufactured.
- the sample structure of sample J is shown in FIG. 39C.
- the second silicon nitride film 203 was formed on the glass substrate 200.
- the second silicon nitride film 203 was formed by a PECVD method using a mixed gas of a silane gas with a flow rate of 200 sccm, a nitrogen gas with a flow rate of 2000 sccm, and an ammonia gas with a flow rate of 2000 sccm.
- the pressure during film formation was 200 Pa
- the film formation power was 1000 W
- the substrate temperature was 220 ° C. Note that the second silicon nitride film 203 was formed under the film formation conditions in which a large amount of hydrogen is released by heat application.
- the first silicon nitride film 201 was formed on the second silicon nitride film 203.
- the first silicon nitride film 201 was formed over the second silicon nitride film 203 which releases hydrogen when heat is applied, and the blocking property of the first silicon nitride film 201 against hydrogen was evaluated.
- the film forming gas used for forming the first silicon nitride film 201 and the substrate temperature at the time of film forming were different for sample H1 to sample H6.
- the first silicon nitride film 201 of sample H1 was formed under the same film forming conditions as those of the first silicon nitride film 201 of sample G1 described above.
- the first silicon nitride film 201 of sample H2 was formed under the same film formation conditions as those of the first silicon nitride film 201 of sample G2 described above.
- the first silicon nitride film 201 of sample H3 was formed under the same film formation conditions as those of the first silicon nitride film 201 of sample G3 described above.
- the first silicon nitride film 201 of sample H4 was formed under the same film forming conditions as those of the first silicon nitride film 201 of sample G4 described above.
- the first silicon nitride film 201 of sample H5 was formed under the same film formation conditions as those of the first silicon nitride film 201 of sample G5 described above.
- the first silicon nitride film 201 of sample H6 was formed under the same film forming conditions as the first silicon nitride film 201 of sample G6 described above.
- sample preparation 3 Samples having a silicon nitride film (sample K1 to sample K4) were prepared, and the blocking property of the silicon nitride film against water was evaluated.
- the sample structures of sample K1 to sample K4 are shown in FIG. 39D.
- sample K1 to sample K4 a 300-nm-thick first silicon oxynitride film 205 and a 100-nm-thick first silicon nitride film 201 were formed over a glass substrate 200.
- a sample (sample L) in which the first silicon oxynitride film 205 having a thickness of 300 nm was formed over the glass substrate 200 was manufactured.
- the sample structure of sample L is shown in FIG. 39E.
- the first silicon oxynitride film 205 was formed on the glass substrate 200.
- the first silicon oxynitride film 205 was formed by a PECVD method using a mixed gas of a silane gas with a flow rate of 160 sccm and a nitrous oxide gas with a flow rate of 4000 sccm.
- the pressure during film formation was 200 Pa
- the film formation power was 1500 W
- the substrate temperature was 220 ° C. Note that the first silicon oxynitride film 205 was formed under the film formation conditions in which a large amount of water is released by heat application.
- the first silicon nitride film 201 was formed on the first silicon oxynitride film 205.
- the first silicon nitride film 201 was formed over the first silicon oxynitride film 205 which releases water when heat is applied, and the blocking property of the first silicon nitride film 201 against water was evaluated.
- the film formation gas used for forming the first silicon nitride film 201 and the substrate temperature during film formation were different for sample K1 to sample K4.
- the first silicon nitride film 201 of sample K1 was formed under the same film formation conditions as the first silicon nitride film 201 of sample G1 described above.
- the first silicon nitride film 201 of sample K2 was formed under the same film forming conditions as those of the first silicon nitride film 201 of sample G2 described above.
- the first silicon nitride film 201 of sample K3 was formed under the same film forming conditions as those of the first silicon nitride film 201 of sample G5 described above.
- the first silicon nitride film 201 of sample K4 was formed under the same film forming conditions as those of the first silicon nitride film 201 of sample G6 described above.
- sample M1 to sample M4 Samples having a silicon nitride film (sample M1 to sample M4) were prepared, and the blocking property against oxygen of the silicon nitride film was evaluated.
- the sample structures of sample M1 to sample M4 are shown in FIG. 40A.
- sample M1 to sample M4 a 100-nm-thick second silicon oxynitride film 207 and a 100-nm-thick first silicon nitride film 201 were formed over a glass substrate 200.
- sample N sample in which a 100-nm-thick second silicon oxynitride film 207 was formed over the glass substrate 200 was manufactured.
- the sample structure of sample N is shown in FIG. 40B.
- the second silicon oxynitride film 207 was formed on the glass substrate 200.
- the second silicon oxynitride film 207 was formed by a PECVD method using a mixed gas of a silane gas with a flow rate of 20 sccm and a nitrous oxide gas with a flow rate of 18000 sccm.
- the pressure during film formation was 200 Pa
- the film formation power was 100 W
- the substrate temperature was 350 ° C.
- an oxide conductive film 209 having a thickness of 100 nm was formed on the second silicon oxynitride film 207.
- the oxide conductive film 209 was formed by a sputtering method using an indium tin oxide target containing silicon.
- sample M1 to sample M4, and sample N were subjected to oxygen radical doping treatment using an ashing device.
- the ICP power was 0 W
- the bias power was 4500 W
- the pressure was 15 Pa
- the oxygen flow rate ratio was 100%
- the lower electrode temperature was 40 ° C.
- the treatment time was 120 seconds.
- oxygen radical doping treatment was performed, so that oxygen was supplied to the second silicon oxynitride film 207 through the oxide conductive film 209.
- the oxide conductive film 209 was removed.
- a metal oxide film 211 having a thickness of 20 nm was formed on the second silicon oxynitride film 207.
- the first silicon nitride film 201 was formed on the second silicon oxynitride film 207.
- the first silicon nitride film 201 was formed over the second silicon oxynitride film 207 which releases oxygen when heat is applied, and the blocking property of the first silicon nitride film 201 against oxygen was evaluated.
- the film forming gas used for forming the first silicon nitride film 201 and the substrate temperature during film forming are different for sample M1 to sample M4.
- the first silicon nitride film 201 of the sample M1 was formed under the same film forming conditions as the first silicon nitride film 201 of the sample G1.
- the first silicon nitride film 201 of the sample M2 was formed under the same film forming conditions as the first silicon nitride film 201 of the sample G2.
- the first silicon nitride film 201 of sample M3 was formed under the same film forming conditions as the first silicon nitride film 201 of sample G5 described above.
- the first silicon nitride film 201 of sample M4 was formed under the same film forming conditions as the first silicon nitride film 201 of sample G6 described above.
- sample preparation 5 Samples (sample P1 to sample P4) were prepared and the desorption of oxygen from the lower layer due to the formation of the silicon nitride film was evaluated.
- the sample structures of sample P1 to sample P4 are shown in FIG.
- the second silicon oxynitride film 207 having a thickness of 100 nm was formed on the glass substrate 200.
- a second silicon oxynitride film 207 was formed on the glass substrate 200. Since the above description can be referred to for the second silicon oxynitride film 207, detailed description thereof is omitted.
- the oxide conductive film 209 was formed on the second silicon oxynitride film 207. Since the above description can be referred to for the oxide conductive film 209, detailed description thereof is omitted.
- sample P1 to sample P4 were subjected to oxygen radical doping treatment using an ashing device.
- oxygen radical doping treatment the above description can be referred to, and thus the detailed description thereof will be omitted.
- the oxide conductive film 209 was removed.
- a metal oxide film 211 having a thickness of 20 nm was formed on the second silicon oxynitride film 207. Since the above description can be referred to for the metal oxide film 211, detailed description thereof is omitted.
- the first silicon nitride film 201 was formed on the second silicon oxynitride film 207.
- the film forming gas used for forming the first silicon nitride film 201 and the substrate temperature during film forming are different between the sample P1 to the sample P4.
- the first silicon nitride film 201 of sample P1 was formed under the same film forming conditions as those of the first silicon nitride film 201 of sample G1 described above.
- the first silicon nitride film 201 of sample P2 was formed under the same film forming conditions as those of the first silicon nitride film 201 of sample G2 described above.
- the first silicon nitride film 201 of sample P3 was formed under the same film forming conditions as those of the first silicon nitride film 201 of sample G5 described above.
- the first silicon nitride film 201 of sample P4 was formed under the same film forming conditions as those of the first silicon nitride film 201 of sample G6 described above.
- the first silicon nitride film 201 was removed.
- oxygen may be desorbed from the second silicon oxynitride film 207 due to heat when the first silicon nitride film 201 is formed over the second silicon oxynitride film 207.
- desorption of oxygen from the second silicon oxynitride film 207 after the formation of the first silicon nitride film 201 was evaluated.
- TDS Thermal Desorption Spectrometry
- FIG. 42 shows the TDS analysis results of sample G1 to sample G6. 42.
- FIG. 43 shows the TDS analysis results of sample H1 to sample H6, and sample J.
- FIG. 43 shows the flow rate of ammonia gas during the formation of the first silicon nitride film 201 in the vertical direction and the substrate temperature (Tsub) during the formation of the first silicon nitride film 201 in the horizontal direction. ..
- the horizontal axis represents the substrate temperature (Tsub)
- the lower the substrate temperature at the time of forming the first silicon nitride film 201 the more hydrogen was released.
- the lower the substrate temperature at the time of forming the first silicon nitride film 201 the easier the hydrogen released from the second silicon nitride film 203 is to permeate the first silicon nitride film 201. .. That is, it was confirmed that the lower the substrate temperature during the formation of the first silicon nitride film 201, the lower the blocking property of the first silicon nitride film 201 against hydrogen. Further, it was confirmed that when ammonia gas was used for forming the first silicon nitride film 201, the first silicon nitride film 201 was more likely to block hydrogen.
- FIG. 44 shows the TDS analysis results of sample K1 to sample K4, and sample L.
- FIG. 45 shows TDS analysis results of sample M1 to sample M4, and sample N.
- oxygen release was small in all samples. This indicates that oxygen released from the second silicon oxynitride film 207 is unlikely to pass through the first silicon nitride film 201 even when the substrate temperature at the time of forming the first silicon nitride film 201 is low. ing. That is, it was confirmed that the first silicon nitride film 201 has a high blocking property against oxygen even when the substrate temperature at the time of forming the first silicon nitride film 201 is low. Further, it was confirmed that there is no difference in the blocking property against oxygen of the first silicon nitride film 201 when ammonia gas is used for forming the first silicon nitride film 201 and when ammonia gas is not used.
- FIG. 46 shows the TDS analysis results of sample P1 to sample P4, and sample N.
- the lower the substrate temperature during the formation of the first silicon nitride film 201 the greater the amount of oxygen released. This is because the lower the substrate temperature during the formation of the first silicon nitride film 201, the less oxygen is released from the second silicon oxynitride film 207 during the formation of the first silicon nitride film 201. It shows that That is, it was confirmed that the lower the substrate temperature at the time of forming the first silicon nitride film 201, the more oxygen remained in the second silicon oxynitride film 207. In addition, there was no difference in the amount of oxygen remaining in the second silicon oxynitride film 207 between when ammonia gas was used for forming the first silicon nitride film 201 and when it was not used.
- samples (sample Q1 to sample Q7) corresponding to the transistor 100B shown in FIG. 7 were manufactured, and the drain current-drain voltage characteristic (Id-Vd characteristic) and reliability of the transistor were evaluated.
- an indium zinc oxide layer is used as the metal oxide layer 114.
- the conductive layer 112 a sample using a copper layer, a sample using a stacked structure of a copper layer, and an indium zinc oxide layer over the copper layer were manufactured.
- a 30-nm-thick titanium film and a 100-nm-thick copper film were sequentially formed over a glass substrate by a sputtering method and processed to obtain a first gate electrode (bottom gate).
- a first silicon nitride film having a thickness of 50 nm, a second silicon nitride film having a thickness of 150 nm, a third silicon nitride film having a thickness of 100 nm, and a thickness of 3 nm are formed.
- the first silicon oxynitride film of was formed in this order. Since the description of Example 1 can be referred to for the first silicon nitride film, the second silicon nitride film, the third silicon nitride film, and the first silicon oxynitride film, detailed description thereof is omitted.
- the pressure during film formation was 0.6 Pa
- the power supply was 2.5 kW
- the substrate temperature was room temperature.
- a mixed gas of oxygen gas and argon gas was used as a film forming gas, and the oxygen flow rate ratio was set to 30%.
- the first metal oxide film was processed into an island shape to form a first metal oxide layer.
- a second silicon oxynitride film having a thickness of 5 nm, a third silicon oxynitride film having a thickness of 130 nm, and a fourth silicon oxynitride film having a thickness of 5 nm are formed in this order as a second gate insulating layer.
- a film was formed. Since the description of Example 1 can be referred to for the second gate insulating layer, the third silicon oxynitride film, and the fourth silicon oxynitride film, detailed description thereof is omitted.
- heat treatment was performed at 370 ° C for 1 hour in a nitrogen atmosphere.
- An oven device was used for the heat treatment.
- the pressure during film formation was 0.6 Pa
- the power supply was 2.5 kW
- the substrate temperature was room temperature.
- the conditions of the film forming gas used for forming the second metal oxide film were changed.
- oxygen gas oxygen flow rate ratio 100%
- sample Q5 to sample Q7 a mixed gas of oxygen gas and argon gas was used as the film forming gas, and the oxygen flow rate ratio was set to 60%.
- sample Q5 to sample Q7 have a low oxygen flow ratio during the formation of the second metal oxide film, so that the amount of oxygen supplied to the second gate insulating layer is small. Less.
- a 100 nm-thick copper film and a 30 nm-thick indium zinc oxide film were formed in this order on the second metal oxide film.
- the copper film and the indium zinc oxide film were formed by the sputtering method.
- a Cu target was used for forming the copper film.
- the pressure during film formation was 0.6 Pa, the power supply was 2.5 kW, and the substrate temperature was room temperature.
- a mixed gas of oxygen gas and argon gas was used as a film forming gas, and the oxygen flow rate ratio was set to 30%.
- Example 1 a resist mask was formed on the conductive film, the second metal oxide film and the conductive film were processed, and the second metal oxide layer and the conductive layer were formed. Wet etching was used for processing. With respect to the etchant, the description of Example 1 can be referred to, and thus the detailed description thereof will be omitted.
- the second silicon oxynitride film to the fourth silicon oxynitride film were processed using the above resist mask as a mask to form a second gate insulating layer. Further, when forming the second gate insulating layer, the first silicon oxynitride film in a region which does not overlap with the resist mask was removed to expose part of the third silicon nitride film. A dry etching method was used for processing. After this, the resist mask was removed.
- I washed.
- an aqueous solution obtained by diluting 85 weight% phosphoric acid 500 times was used.
- the etchant temperature during etching was room temperature, and the processing time was 15 sec.
- a first protective layer having a thickness of 100 nm and a second protective layer having a thickness of 300 nm were formed in this order.
- the film forming conditions of the first protective layer are different for sample Q1 to sample Q7.
- a silicon oxynitride film was used in all the samples.
- the first protective layer of the sample Q1 has a laminated structure of a fourth silicon nitride film having a thickness of 20 nm and a fifth silicon nitride film having a thickness of 80 nm on the fourth silicon nitride film.
- the fourth silicon nitride film of sample Q1 was formed by the PECVD method using a mixed gas of a silane gas having a flow rate of 150 sccm and a nitrogen gas having a flow rate of 5000 sccm.
- the pressure during film formation of the fourth silicon nitride film was 200 Pa, the film formation power was 2000 W, and the substrate temperature was 240 ° C.
- the fifth silicon nitride film of sample Q1 was formed by the PECVD method using a mixed gas of a silane gas having a flow rate of 150 sccm, a nitrogen gas having a flow rate of 5000 sccm, and an ammonia gas having a flow rate of 100 sccm.
- the substrate temperature during film formation was 240 ° C.
- the pressure during film formation of the fifth silicon nitride film was 200 Pa, the film formation power was 2000 W, and the substrate temperature was 240 ° C.
- the fifth silicon nitride film was continuously formed without being exposed to the atmosphere.
- the first protective layers of sample Q2 and sample Q5 each have a single-layer structure of a fourth silicon nitride film having a thickness of 100 nm.
- the fourth silicon nitride films of sample Q2 and sample Q5 were formed by PECVD using a mixed gas of silane gas with a flow rate of 150 sccm, nitrogen gas with a flow rate of 5000 sccm, and ammonia gas with a flow rate of 100 sccm.
- the substrate temperature during film formation was 240 ° C.
- the first protective layers of sample Q3 and sample Q6 each have a single-layer structure of a fourth silicon nitride film having a thickness of 100 nm.
- the fourth silicon nitride films of sample Q3 and sample Q6 were formed by PECVD using a mixed gas of silane gas with a flow rate of 150 sccm, nitrogen gas with a flow rate of 5000 sccm, and ammonia gas with a flow rate of 100 sccm.
- the substrate temperature during film formation was 300 ° C.
- the first protective layers of sample Q4 and sample Q7 each have a single-layer structure of a fourth silicon nitride film having a thickness of 100 nm.
- the fourth silicon nitride films of sample Q4 and sample Q7 were formed by the PECVD method using a mixed gas of silane gas with a flow rate of 150 sccm, nitrogen gas with a flow rate of 5000 sccm, and ammonia gas with a flow rate of 100 sccm.
- the substrate temperature during film formation was 350 ° C.
- the second protective layer was formed by PECVD using a mixed gas of silane gas with a flow rate of 290 sccm and dinitrogen monoxide gas with a flow rate of 4000 sccm for each sample.
- the pressure during film formation was 133 Pa
- the film formation power was 1000 W
- the substrate temperature was 350 ° C.
- a part of the protective layer covering the transistor is opened, and a titanium film having a thickness of 30 nm, a copper film having a thickness of 100 nm, and a titanium film having a thickness of 50 nm are formed in this order by a sputtering method, and then formed. It processed and obtained the source electrode and the drain electrode. Thereafter, an acrylic resin having a thickness of about 1.5 ⁇ m was applied as a flattening layer, and heat treatment was performed under a nitrogen atmosphere at a temperature of 250 ° C. for 1 hour.
- the transistors (sample Q1 to sample Q7) formed on the glass substrate were obtained.
- the Id-Vg characteristics of the transistor include a voltage applied to the first gate electrode (hereinafter also referred to as a gate voltage (Vg)) and a voltage applied to the second gate electrode (hereinafter also referred to as a gate voltage (Vbg)).
- Vg gate voltage
- Vbg gate voltage
- Vd drain voltage
- the Id-Vg characteristics of the transistors of sample Q1 to sample Q7 are shown in FIGS. 47 to 53, respectively.
- 47 to 53 show the structure of the first protective layer and the substrate temperature (Tsub) at the time of film formation of the first protective layer.
- the sample Q1 has a laminated structure of a fourth silicon nitride film and a fifth silicon nitride film as the first protective layer, does not use ammonia gas for forming the fourth silicon nitride film, and has a fifth silicon nitride film. It shows that ammonia gas was used for the film formation of (SiN (w / o NH3) ⁇ SiN (w / NH3)).
- Vg gate voltage
- Id drain current
- ⁇ FE saturation mobility
- FIGS. 47 to 53 show the average value (ave) and 3 ⁇ of the threshold voltage (Vth) and the saturation mobility ( ⁇ FE) for each size of the transistor. ⁇ indicates a standard deviation. Further, FIGS. 47 to 53 also show the difference (2 ⁇ L) between the design channel length and the effective channel length. The effective channel length was determined by TLM (Transmission Line Model) analysis.
- TLM Transmission Line Model
- the substrate on which the transistor was formed was kept at 60 ° C., a voltage of 0.1 V was applied to the drain of the transistor, and a voltage of 20 V was applied to the gate, and this state was kept for 1 hour.
- the test was conducted in a dark environment.
- the substrate on which the transistor was formed was held at 60 ° C, a voltage of 10V was applied to the drain of the transistor, and a voltage of -20V was applied to the gate, and this state was maintained for 1 hour.
- the test was performed in a light irradiation environment (a white LED emits light of about 3400 lux).
- a transistor with a channel length of 2 ⁇ m and a channel width of 3 ⁇ m was used in the reliability test, and the fluctuation amount ( ⁇ Vth) of the threshold voltage before and after the gate bias stress test was evaluated.
- FIG. 54A shows the variation amount ( ⁇ Vth) of the threshold voltage of sample Q1 to sample Q4.
- FIG. 54B shows the variation amount ( ⁇ Vth) of the threshold voltage of the sample Q5 and the sample Q6.
- 54A and 54B the structure of the first protective layer and the substrate temperature at the time of film formation of the first protective layer are shown in the horizontal direction.
- 54A and 54B the vertical axis represents the variation amount ( ⁇ Vth) of the threshold voltage.
- the substrate temperature at the time of forming the first protective layer is The lower the value, the larger the variation in electrical characteristics. Since the substrate temperature during film formation of the first protective layer is low, the amount of hydrogen released from the first protective layer is large, which leads to variations in electrical characteristics and variations in the threshold voltage in the NBTIS test. Is thought to have grown. Further, it is considered that the sample Q1 having the laminated structure of the first protective layer could suppress the diffusion of hydrogen into the transistor because the fifth silicon nitride film has a high blocking property against hydrogen.
- the substrate temperature at the time of forming the first protective layer is The higher the value, the larger the variation in electrical characteristics.
- the sample Q5 to the sample Q7 supply less oxygen to the second gate insulating layer.
- the higher the substrate temperature during the formation of the first protective layer is, the more oxygen is released from the second gate insulating layer during the formation of the first protective layer, and the oxygen diffused into the semiconductor layer is increased. It is considered that V O and V OH in the semiconductor layer became difficult to decrease due to the decrease in the amount.
- sample R a sample corresponding to the transistor 100B illustrated in FIG. 7 was manufactured and the cross-sectional shape of the transistor in which the insulating layer 116 had a two-layer structure was evaluated.
- the conductive layer 106 (bottom gate electrode) shown in FIG. 9 was provided.
- the insulating layer 103 has a two-layer structure including an insulating layer 103b and an insulating layer 103c.
- tungsten layer (first gate electrode).
- a 200-nm-thick first silicon nitride layer, a 50-nm-thick second silicon nitride layer, and a 100-nm-thick first silicon oxynitride layer are formed in this order.
- a metal oxide film having a thickness of 25 nm was formed on the first silicon oxynitride layer by a sputtering method.
- the metal oxide film was processed to form a metal oxide layer.
- a second silicon oxynitride film having a thickness of 5 nm, a third silicon oxynitride film having a thickness of 130 nm, and a fourth silicon oxynitride film having a thickness of 5 nm are formed.
- the film was formed in order.
- heat treatment was performed at 370 ° C for 1 hour in a nitrogen atmosphere.
- An oven device was used for the heat treatment.
- a titanium film having a thickness of 10 nm and a copper film having a thickness of 100 nm were formed in this order on the fourth silicon oxynitride film.
- a resist mask was formed on the copper film, the titanium film and the copper film were processed, and the titanium layer and the copper layer were formed. Wet etching was used for processing.
- the second silicon oxynitride film to the fourth silicon oxynitride film are processed by using the above-described resist mask as a mask, and the second silicon oxynitride layer to the fourth silicon oxynitride layer (the second gate An insulating layer) was formed.
- a dry etching method was used for processing.
- a third silicon nitride layer having a thickness of 20 nm, a fourth silicon nitride layer having a thickness of 80 nm, and a fifth silicon oxynitride layer having a thickness of 300 nm are formed in this order. did.
- the third silicon nitride layer and the fourth silicon nitride layer were formed by PECVD, and the substrate temperature during film formation was 350 ° C.
- a mixed gas of a silane gas having a flow rate of 150 sccm and a nitrogen gas having a flow rate of 5000 sccm was used, the pressure during film formation was 200 Pa, and the film formation power was 2000 W.
- the fourth silicon nitride layer was formed by using a mixed gas of a silane gas having a flow rate of 150 sccm, a nitrogen gas having a flow rate of 5000 sccm, and an ammonia gas having a flow rate of 100 sccm, the pressure during film formation was 200 Pa, and the film formation power was 2000 W. After forming the third silicon nitride layer, the fourth silicon nitride layer was continuously formed without being exposed to the atmosphere.
- sample R was thinned by a focused ion beam (FIB: Focused Ion Beam), and the cross section of sample R was observed by STEM.
- FIB Focused Ion Beam
- FIG. 55A is a transmission electron image (TE image: Transmission Electron Image) at a magnification of 100,000 times.
- the glass substrate is Glass
- the tungsten layer is W
- the first silicon nitride layer is SiN-1
- the second silicon nitride layer is SiN-2
- the third silicon nitride layer is SiN-3
- the third silicon nitride layer is SiN-3. No.
- silicon nitride layer SiN-4 silicon nitride layer SiN-4, first silicon oxynitride layer SiON-1, second silicon oxynitride layer SiON-2, third silicon oxynitride layer SiON-3, fourth oxide
- the silicon nitride layer is described as SiON-4
- the fifth silicon oxynitride layer is described as SiON-5
- the metal oxide layer is described as IGZO.
- FIG. 55A it was observed that the third silicon nitride layer and the fourth silicon nitride layer, which were protective layers, had different transmission electron (TE) image densities.
- FIG. 55B broken lines are used as auxiliary lines with the boundaries where the TEM images have different concentrations in the third silicon nitride layer (SiN-3 in FIG. 55B) and the fourth silicon nitride layer (SiN-4 in FIG. 55B) as auxiliary lines. It shows with. Specifically, as compared with the fourth silicon nitride layer that uses ammonia gas for formation, the third silicon nitride layer that does not use ammonia gas for formation is observed darker (darker) in a transmission electron (TE) image. Was done. Therefore, it is considered that the third silicon nitride layer has a higher film density than the fourth silicon nitride layer.
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Abstract
Description
図2A、図2B、図2Cは半導体装置の断面図である。
図3A、図3B、図3Cは半導体装置の断面図である。
図4A、図4B、図4Cは半導体装置の断面図である。
図5Aは半導体装置の上面図である。図5B、図5Cは半導体装置の断面図である。
図6A、図6Bは半導体装置の断面図である。
図7Aは半導体装置の上面図である。図7B、図7Cは半導体装置の断面図である。
図8A、図8B、図8Cは半導体装置の断面図である。
図9Aは半導体装置の上面図である。図9B、図9Cは半導体装置の断面図である。
図10A、図10B、図10C、図10Dは半導体装置の作製方法を説明する断面図である。
図11A、図11B、図11Cは半導体装置の作製方法を説明する断面図である。
図12A、図12B、図12Cは半導体装置の作製方法を説明する断面図である。
図13A、図13B、図13Cは半導体装置の作製方法を説明する断面図である。
図14A、図14Bは半導体装置の作製方法を説明する図である。
図15A、図15B、図15Cは表示装置の上面図である。
図16は表示装置の断面図である。
図17は表示装置の断面図である。
図18は表示装置の断面図である。
図19は表示装置の断面図である。
図20Aは表示装置のブロック図である。図20B、図20Cは表示装置の回路図である。
図21A、図21C、図21Dは表示装置の回路図である。図21Bは表示装置のタイミングチャートである。
図22Aは表示モジュールの構成例である。図22Bは表示モジュールの断面概略図である。
図23Aは電子機器の構成例である。図23Bは電子機器の断面概略図である。
図24A、図24B、図24C、図24D、図24Eは電子機器の構成例である。
図25A、図25B、図25C、図25D、図25E、図25F、図25Gは電子機器の構成例である。
図26A、図26B、図26C、図26Dは電子機器の構成例である。
図27はトランジスタのId−Vd特性を示す図である。
図28はトランジスタのId−Vd特性を示す図である。
図29は金属酸化物膜の抵抗を示す図である。
図30A、図30Bは断面STEM像である。
図31はトランジスタのId−Vg特性を示す図である。
図32はトランジスタのId−Vg特性を示す図である。
図33はトランジスタのId−Vg特性を示す図である。
図34はトランジスタのId−Vg特性を示す図である。
図35はトランジスタの信頼性評価結果を示す図である。
図36は金属酸化物膜の抵抗を示す図である。
図37はトランジスタのId−Vd特性を示す図である。
図38はゲートドライバの動作結果を示す図である。
図39A、図39B、図39C、図39D、図39Eは試料構造を示す断面図である。
図40A、図40Bは試料構造を示す断面図である。
図41は試料構造を示す断面図である。
図42はTDS測定結果を示す図である。
図43はTDS測定結果を示す図である。
図44はTDS測定結果を示す図である。
図45はTDS測定結果を示す図である。
図46はTDS測定結果を示す図である。
図47はトランジスタのId−Vg特性を示す図である。
図48はトランジスタのId−Vg特性を示す図である。
図49はトランジスタのId−Vg特性を示す図である。
図50はトランジスタのId−Vg特性を示す図である。
図51はトランジスタのId−Vg特性を示す図である。
図52はトランジスタのId−Vg特性を示す図である。
図53はトランジスタのId−Vg特性を示す図である。
図54A、図54Bはトランジスタの信頼性評価結果を示す図である。
図55A、図55Bはトランジスタの断面のTEM像である。
本実施の形態では、本発明の一態様の半導体装置について説明する。以下では半導体装置の一例として、トランジスタの構成例及びその作製方法例について説明する。
図1Aは、トランジスタ100の上面図であり、図1Bは、図1Aに示す一点鎖線A1−A2における切断面の断面図に相当し、図1Cは、図1Aに示す一点鎖線B1−B2における切断面の断面図に相当する。なお、図1Aにおいて、トランジスタ100の構成要素の一部(保護層等)を省略して図示している。また、一点鎖線A1−A2方向はチャネル長方向、一点鎖線B1−B2方向はチャネル幅方向に相当する。また、トランジスタの上面図については、以降の図面においても図1Aと同様に、構成要素の一部を省略して図示するものとする。
図5Aは、トランジスタ100Aの上面図であり、図5Bはトランジスタ100Aのチャネル長方向の断面図であり、図5Cはトランジスタ100Aのチャネル幅方向の断面図である。図5B中の一点鎖線で囲った領域Pの拡大図を、図6Aに示す。図5C中の一点鎖線で囲った領域Rの拡大図を、図6Bに示す。
図7Aは、トランジスタ100Bの上面図であり、図7Bはトランジスタ100Bのチャネル長方向の断面図であり、図7Cはトランジスタ100Bのチャネル幅方向の断面図である。図7B中の一点鎖線で囲った領域Pの拡大図を、図8Aに示す。図7B中の一点鎖線で囲った領域Qの拡大図を、図8Bに示す。図7C中の一点鎖線で囲った領域Rの拡大図を、図8Cに示す。
図9Aは、トランジスタ100Cの上面図であり、図9Bはトランジスタ100Cのチャネル長方向の断面図であり、図9Cはトランジスタ100Cのチャネル幅方向の断面図である。
以下では、本発明の一態様の半導体装置の作製方法について、図面を参照して説明する。ここでは、上記構成例で例示したトランジスタ100Cを例に挙げて説明する。
基板102上に導電膜を成膜し、これをエッチングにより加工して、第1のゲート電極として機能する導電層106を形成する(図10A)。
続いて、基板102及び導電層106を覆って絶縁層103を形成する(図10B)。絶縁層103は、PECVD法、ALD法、スパッタリング法等を用いて形成できる。
続いて、絶縁層103上に、半導体層108となる金属酸化物膜108fを成膜する(図10C)。
続いて、絶縁層103及び半導体層108を覆って、絶縁膜110fを形成する(図11A)。
続いて、絶縁膜110fを覆って、金属酸化物膜114fを形成する(図11B)。
続いて、金属酸化物膜114f、絶縁膜110f、及び絶縁層103の一部をエッチングし、導電層106に達する開口部142を形成する。これにより、後に形成する導電層112と、導電層106とを、開口部142を介して電気的に接続できる。
続いて、導電膜112f上にレジストマスク115を形成する(図12A)。その後、レジストマスク115に覆われていない領域において、導電膜112f及び金属酸化物膜114fを除去し、導電層112及び金属酸化物層114を形成する(図12B)。
続いて、半導体層108の露出した領域に、水素を供給する処理を行なう。ここでは、半導体層108の露出した領域に接して、水素を含む絶縁層116を成膜することで水素を供給する(図13A)。
続いて、絶縁層116上に絶縁層118を形成する(図13B)。
続いて、絶縁層118の所望の位置にリソグラフィによりマスクを形成した後、絶縁層118及び絶縁層116の一部をエッチングすることで、領域108Nに達する開口部141a及び開口部141bを形成する。
続いて、開口部141a及び開口部141bを覆うように、絶縁層118上に導電膜を成膜し、当該導電膜を所望の形状に加工することで、導電層120a及び導電層120bを形成する(図13C)。
以下では、上記構成例のトランジスタ100Aで例示した、導電層112の端部が金属酸化物層114の端部より内側に位置する構成を例に挙げて説明する。
続いて、レジストマスク115に覆われていない領域において、導電膜112f及び金属酸化物膜114fを除去し、導電層112及び金属酸化物層114を形成する(図14A)。
次に、本実施の形態の半導体装置に含まれる構成要素について、詳細に説明する。
基板102の材質などに大きな制限はないが、少なくとも、後の熱処理に耐えうる程度の耐熱性を有している必要がある。例えば、シリコンや炭化シリコンを材料とした単結晶半導体基板、多結晶半導体基板、シリコンゲルマニウム等の化合物半導体基板、SOI基板、ガラス基板、セラミック基板、石英基板、サファイア基板等を、基板102として用いてもよい。また、これらの基板上に半導体素子が設けられたものを、基板102として用いてもよい。
絶縁層103は、スパッタリング法、CVD法、蒸着法、パルスレーザー堆積(PLD)法等を適宜用いて形成できる。また、絶縁層103は、例えば、酸化物絶縁膜または窒化物絶縁膜を単層または積層して形成できる。なお、半導体層108との界面特性を向上させるため、絶縁層103において少なくとも半導体層108と接する領域は酸化物絶縁膜で形成することが好ましい。また、絶縁層103には、加熱により酸素を放出する膜を用いることが好ましい。
導電層106、ソース電極として機能する導電層120a、ドレイン電極として機能する導電層120bは、クロム、銅、アルミニウム、金、銀、亜鉛、モリブデン、タンタル、チタン、タングステン、マンガン、ニッケル、鉄、コバルトから選ばれた金属元素、または上述した金属元素を成分とする合金か、上述した金属元素を組み合わせた合金等を用いてそれぞれ形成できる。
トランジスタ100等のゲート絶縁膜として機能する絶縁層110は、PECVD法、スパッタリング法等により形成できる。絶縁層110は、酸化シリコン膜、酸化窒化シリコン膜、窒化酸化シリコン膜、窒化シリコン膜、酸化アルミニウム膜、酸化ハフニウム膜、酸化イットリウム膜、酸化ジルコニウム膜、酸化ガリウム膜、酸化タンタル膜、酸化マグネシウム膜、酸化ランタン膜、酸化セリウム膜および酸化ネオジム膜を一種以上含む絶縁層を用いることができる。なお、絶縁層110を、2層の積層構造または3層以上の積層構造としてもよい。
半導体層108がIn−M−Zn酸化物の場合、In−M−Zn酸化物を成膜するために用いるスパッタリングターゲットは、元素Mに対するInの原子数比が1以上であることが好ましい。このようなスパッタリングターゲットの金属元素の原子数比として、In:M:Zn=1:1:1、In:M:Zn=1:1:1.2、In:M:Zn=2:1:3、In:M:Zn=3:1:2、In:M:Zn=4:2:3、In:M:Zn=4:2:4.1、In:M:Zn=5:1:6、In:M:Zn=5:1:7、In:M:Zn=5:1:8、In:M:Zn=6:1:6、In:M:Zn=5:2:5等が挙げられる。
以下では、本発明の一態様で開示されるトランジスタに用いることができるCAC(Cloud−Aligned Composite)−OSの構成について説明する。
本実施の形態では、先の実施の形態で例示したトランジスタを有する表示装置の一例について説明する。
図15Aに、表示装置700の上面図を示す。表示装置700は、シール材712により貼り合された第1の基板701と第2の基板705を有する。また第1の基板701、第2の基板705、及びシール材712で封止される領域において、第1の基板701上に画素部702、ソースドライバ回路部704、及びゲートドライバ回路部706が設けられる。また画素部702には、複数の表示素子が設けられる。
以下では、表示素子として液晶素子を用いる構成、及びEL素子を用いる構成について、図16乃至図19を用いて説明する。なお、図16乃至図18は、それぞれ図15Aに示す一点鎖線Q−Rにおける断面図である。また図19は、図15Bに示した表示装置700A中の一点鎖線S−Tにおける断面図である。図16及び図17は、表示素子として液晶素子を用いた構成であり、図18及び図19は、EL素子を用いた構成である。
図16乃至図19に示す表示装置は、引き回し配線部711と、画素部702と、ソースドライバ回路部704と、FPC端子部708と、を有する。引き回し配線部711は、信号線710を有する。画素部702は、トランジスタ750及び容量素子790を有する。ソースドライバ回路部704は、トランジスタ752を有する。図17では、容量素子790が無い場合を示している。
図16に示す表示装置700は、液晶素子775及びスペーサ778を有する。液晶素子775は、導電層772、導電層774、及びこれらの間に液晶層776を有する。導電層774は、第2の基板705側に設けられ、共通電極としての機能を有する。また、導電層772は、トランジスタ750が有するソース電極またはドレイン電極と電気的に接続される。導電層772は、平坦化絶縁膜770上に形成され、画素電極として機能する。
図18に示す表示装置700は、発光素子782を有する。発光素子782は、導電層772、EL層786、及び導電膜788を有する。EL層786は、有機化合物、または量子ドットなどの無機化合物を有する。
図16乃至図19に示す表示装置に入力装置を設けてもよい。当該入力装置として、例えば、タッチセンサ等が挙げられる。
本実施の形態では、本発明の一態様の半導体装置を有する表示装置について、図20を用いて説明を行う。
以下では、画素に表示される階調を補正するためのメモリを備える画素回路と、これを有する表示装置について説明する。実施の形態1で例示したトランジスタは、以下で例示する画素回路に用いられるトランジスタに適用できる。
図21Aに、画素回路400の回路図を示す。画素回路400は、トランジスタM1、トランジスタM2、容量C1、及び回路401を有する。また画素回路400には、配線S1、配線S2、配線G1、及び配線G2が接続される。
続いて、図21Bを用いて、画素回路400の動作方法の一例を説明する。図21Bは、画素回路400の動作に係るタイミングチャートである。なおここでは説明を容易にするため、配線抵抗などの各種抵抗や、トランジスタや配線などの寄生容量、及びトランジスタのしきい値電圧などの影響は考慮しない。
期間T1では、配線G1と配線G2の両方に、トランジスタをオン状態にする電位を与える。また、配線S1には固定電位である電位Vrefを供給し、配線S2には第1データ電位Vwを供給する。
続いて期間T2では、配線G1にはトランジスタM1をオン状態とする電位を与え、配線G2にはトランジスタM2をオフ状態とする電位を与える。また、配線S1には第2データ電位Vdataを供給する。配線S2には所定の定電位を与える、またはフローティング状態としてもよい。
〔液晶素子を用いた例〕
図21Cに示す画素回路400LCは、回路401LCを有する。回路401LCは、液晶素子LCと、容量C2とを有する。
図21Dに示す画素回路400ELは、回路401ELを有する。回路401ELは、発光素子EL、トランジスタM3、及び容量C2を有する。
本実施の形態では、本発明の一態様を用いて作製できる表示モジュールについて説明する。
本実施の形態では、本発明の一態様の表示装置を適用可能な、電子機器の例について説明する。
本実施の形態では、本発明の一態様を用いて作製された表示装置を備える電子機器について説明する。
まず、ガラス基板上に厚さ30nmのチタン膜と、厚さ100nmの銅膜をこの順にスパッタリング法により形成し、これを加工して第1のゲート電極(ボトムゲート)を得た。
続いて、上記で作製したトランジスタのId−Vd特性を測定した。
まず、ガラス基板上に、厚さ25nmの第1の金属酸化物膜を成膜した。第1の金属酸化物膜は、In−Ga−Zn酸化物ターゲット(In:Ga:Zn=4:2:4.1[原子数比])を用いたスパッタリング法により成膜した。成膜時の圧力を0.6Pa、電源電力を2.5kW、基板温度を室温とした。成膜ガスとして酸素ガス及びアルゴンガスの混合ガスを用い、酸素流量比を10%とした。
まず、ガラス基板上に、第1の金属酸化物膜、第1の酸化窒化シリコン膜、第2の酸化窒化シリコン膜、第3の酸化窒化シリコン膜、第2の金属酸化物膜、ITSO膜及び銅膜を形成した。銅膜の形成までは、<試料の作製sample B1>の記載を参照できるため、詳細な説明は省略する。
まず、ガラス基板上に、第1の金属酸化物膜、第1の酸化窒化シリコン膜、第2の酸化窒化シリコン膜、第3の酸化窒化シリコン膜、第2の金属酸化物膜、ITSO膜及び銅膜を形成した。銅膜の形成までは、<試料の作製sample B1>の記載を参照できるため、詳細な説明は省略する。
続いて、上記で作製した試料のシート抵抗を測定し、第1の金属酸化物膜の抵抗を評価した。
まず、ガラス基板上に厚さ30nmのチタン膜と、厚さ100nmの銅膜をこの順にスパッタリング法により形成し、これを加工して第1のゲート電極(ボトムゲート)を得た。
次に、sample C1及びsample C2を集束イオンビーム(FIB:Focused Ion Beam)により薄片化し、sample C1及びsample C2の断面をSTEMで観察した。
sample C1及びsample C2の作製において、第2の酸化窒化シリコン膜乃至第4の酸化窒化シリコン膜のエッチングに用いたドライエッチングの条件について、エッチング速度を評価した。
まず、ガラス基板上に厚さ30nmのチタン膜と、厚さ100nmの銅膜をこの順にスパッタリング法により形成し、これを加工して第1のゲート電極(ボトムゲート)を得た。
続いて、上記で作製したトランジスタのId−Vg特性を測定した。
続いて、上記で作製したトランジスタの信頼性を評価した。本実施例では、ソース電位及びドレイン電位に対して、ゲートに正の電位を与えた状態で、高温下で保持するPBTS(Positive Bias Temperature Stress)試験と、光照射環境において、ゲートに負の電位を与えた状態で、高温下で保持するNBTIS(Negative Bias Temperature Illumination Stress)試験を行った。
まず、ガラス基板上に、半導体膜として、厚さ25nmの金属酸化物膜を成膜した。金属酸化物膜は、In−Ga−Zn酸化物ターゲット(In:Ga:Zn=4:2:4.1[原子数比])を用いたスパッタリング法により成膜した。成膜時の圧力を0.6Pa、電源電力を2.5kW、基板温度を室温とした。成膜ガスとして酸素ガス及びアルゴンガスの混合ガスを用い、酸素流量比を10%とした。
続いて、上記で作製した試料のシート抵抗を測定し、金属酸化物膜の抵抗を評価した。
まず、ガラス基板上に厚さ30nmのチタン膜と、厚さ100nmの銅膜をこの順にスパッタリング法により形成し、これを加工して第1のゲート電極(ボトムゲート)を得た。
続いて、上記で作製したトランジスタのId−Vd特性を測定した。
表示装置に用いることができるゲートドライバ回路を作製し、連続動作での評価を行った。なお、前述のsample F3(幅L2=約400nm)と同じ条件で作製したトランジスタを有するゲートドライバ回路を用いた。
窒化シリコン膜を有する試料(sample G1乃至sample G6)を作製し、窒化シリコン膜からの水素の脱離を評価した。sample G1乃至sample G6の試料構造を、図39Aに示す。sample G1乃至sample G6は、ガラス基板200上に厚さ100nmの第1の窒化シリコン膜201を形成した。
窒化シリコン膜を有する試料(sample H1乃至sample H6)を作製し、窒化シリコン膜の水素に対するブロッキング性を評価した。sample H1乃至sample H6の試料構造を、図39Bに示す。sample H1乃至sample H6は、ガラス基板200上に、厚さ300nmの第2の窒化シリコン膜203と、厚さ100nmの第1の窒化シリコン膜201を形成した。また、参考試料として、ガラス基板200上に、厚さ300nmの第2の窒化シリコン膜203を成膜した試料(sample J)を作製した。sample Jの試料構造を、図39Cに示す。
窒化シリコン膜を有する試料(sample K1乃至sample K4)を作製し、窒化シリコン膜の水に対するブロッキング性を評価した。sample K1乃至sample K4の試料構造を、図39Dに示す。sample K1乃至sample K4は、ガラス基板200上に、厚さ300nmの第1の酸化窒化シリコン膜205と、厚さ100nmの第1の窒化シリコン膜201を形成した。また、参考試料として、ガラス基板200上に、厚さ300nmの第1の酸化窒化シリコン膜205を成膜した試料(sample L)を作製した。sample Lの試料構造を、図39Eに示す。
窒化シリコン膜を有する試料(sample M1乃至sample M4)を作製し、窒化シリコン膜の酸素に対するブロッキング性を評価した。sample M1乃至sample M4の試料構造を、図40Aに示す。sample M1乃至sample M4は、ガラス基板200上に、厚さ100nmの第2の酸化窒化シリコン膜207と、厚さ100nmの第1の窒化シリコン膜201を形成した。また、参考試料として、ガラス基板200上に、厚さ100nmの第2の酸化窒化シリコン膜207を成膜した試料(sample N)を作製した。sample Nの試料構造を、図40Bに示す。
試料(sample P1乃至sample P4)を作製し、窒化シリコン膜の形成による下層からの酸素の脱離を評価した。sample P1乃至sample P4の試料構造を、図41に示す。sample P1乃至sample P4は、ガラス基板200上に、厚さ100nmの第2の酸化窒化シリコン膜207を形成した。
昇温脱離ガス分析法(TDS:Thermal Desorption Spectrometry)を用いて、各試料からの脱離ガスを評価した。TDS測定では、基板温度で30℃/minとなる昇温速度で、基板温度を約50℃から約520℃まで上昇させた。
まず、ガラス基板上に厚さ30nmのチタン膜と、厚さ100nmの銅膜をこの順にスパッタリング法により形成し、これを加工して第1のゲート電極(ボトムゲート)を得た。
続いて、上記で作製したトランジスタのId−Vg特性を測定した。
続いて、上記で作製したトランジスタの信頼性を評価した。本実施例では、ソース電位及びドレイン電位に対して、ゲートに正の電位を与えた状態で、高温下で保持するPBTS(Positive Bias Temperature Stress)試験と、光照射環境において、ゲートに負の電位を与えた状態で、高温下で保持するNBTIS(Negative Bias Temperature Illumination Stress)試験を行った。
まず、ガラス基板上に厚さ100nmのタングステン膜をスパッタリング法により形成し、これを加工してタングステン層(第1のゲート電極)を得た。
次に、sample Rを集束イオンビーム(FIB:Focused Ion Beam)により薄片化し、sample Rの断面をSTEMで観察した。
Claims (15)
- 半導体層と、第1の絶縁層と、第2の絶縁層と、第3の絶縁層と、金属酸化物層と、導電層と、を有し、
前記半導体層、前記第2の絶縁層、前記金属酸化物層、及び前記導電層は、前記第1の絶縁層上にこの順に積層され、
チャネル長方向の断面において、前記第2の絶縁層の端部は、前記半導体層の端部よりも内側に位置し、
前記導電層及び前記金属酸化物層の端部はそれぞれ、前記第2の絶縁層の端部よりも内側に位置し、
前記第3の絶縁層は、前記第1の絶縁層の上面、前記半導体層の上面及び側面、前記第2の絶縁層の上面及び側面、前記金属酸化物層の側面、並びに前記導電層の上面及び側面と接し、
前記半導体層は、第1の領域と、一対の第2の領域と、一対の第3の領域と、を有し、
前記第1の領域は、前記第1の絶縁層及び前記金属酸化物層と重なり、
前記第2の領域は、前記第1の領域を挟み、前記第2の絶縁層と重なり、且つ前記金属酸化物層と重ならず、
前記第3の領域は、前記第1の領域及び一対の前記第2の領域を挟み、且つ前記第2の絶縁層と重ならず、
前記第3の領域は、前記第3の絶縁層と接し、
前記第3の領域は、前記第1の領域よりも低抵抗である部分を含み、
前記第2の領域は、前記第3の領域よりも高抵抗である部分を含む半導体装置。 - 請求項1において、
前記第2の絶縁層は、前記金属酸化物層と重なる領域の膜厚より前記金属酸化物層と重ならない領域の膜厚が薄い部分を有する半導体装置。 - 請求項1または請求項2において、
前記第2の領域は、シート抵抗が1×103Ω/□以上1×109Ω/□以下である部分を含む半導体装置。 - 請求項1乃至請求項3のいずれか一において、
前記第1の領域の電気抵抗は、前記第2の領域の電気抵抗の1×100倍以上1×109倍以下である半導体装置。 - 請求項1乃至請求項4のいずれか一において、
前記第2の領域の電気抵抗は、前記第3の領域の電気抵抗の1×100倍以上1×109倍以下である半導体装置。 - 請求項1乃至請求項5のいずれか一において、
チャネル長方向の断面において、前記第2の領域の幅が、100nm以上2μm以下である半導体装置。 - 請求項1乃至請求項6のいずれか一において、
前記第1の絶縁層は、窒化物を含み、
前記第3の絶縁層は、窒化物を含む半導体装置。 - 請求項1乃至請求項7のいずれか一において、
さらに第4の絶縁層を有し、
前記第4の絶縁層は、前記第3の絶縁層の上面と接し、
前記第4の絶縁層は、窒化物を含む半導体装置。 - 請求項8において、
前記第3の絶縁層は、前記第4の絶縁層より水素濃度が低い領域を有する半導体装置。 - 請求項8または請求項9において、
前記第3の絶縁層は、前記第4の絶縁層より膜密度が高い領域を有する半導体装置。 - 請求項1乃至請求項10のいずれか一において、
前記導電層と、前記金属酸化物層とは上面形状が概略一致する半導体装置。 - 請求項1乃至請求項10のいずれか一において、
前記導電層の端部は、前記金属酸化物層の端部より内側に位置する半導体装置。 - 請求項1乃至請求項12のいずれか一において、
前記第2の絶縁層の端部、及び前記金属酸化物層の端部は、それぞれテーパ形状を有する半導体装置。 - 請求項1乃至請求項13のいずれか一において、
前記半導体層及び前記金属酸化物層は、それぞれ同じ金属元素を含む半導体装置。 - 請求項14において、
前記金属元素は、インジウム及び亜鉛のいずれか一以上である半導体装置。
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KR20210088564A (ko) | 2021-07-14 |
CN113016090A (zh) | 2021-06-22 |
US12237389B2 (en) | 2025-02-25 |
JPWO2020089733A1 (ja) | 2020-05-07 |
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