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WO2019237257A1 - 自动柜员机及其发放数字货币物理载体的方法 - Google Patents

自动柜员机及其发放数字货币物理载体的方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019237257A1
WO2019237257A1 PCT/CN2018/090892 CN2018090892W WO2019237257A1 WO 2019237257 A1 WO2019237257 A1 WO 2019237257A1 CN 2018090892 W CN2018090892 W CN 2018090892W WO 2019237257 A1 WO2019237257 A1 WO 2019237257A1
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WO
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Prior art keywords
digital currency
physical carrier
user
module
currency physical
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2018/090892
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王健
Original Assignee
王健
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 王健 filed Critical 王健
Priority to CN201880094556.8A priority Critical patent/CN112424843A/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2018/090892 priority patent/WO2019237257A1/zh
Publication of WO2019237257A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019237257A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07F—COIN-FREED OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • G07F19/00—Complete banking systems; Coded card-freed arrangements adapted for dispensing or receiving monies or the like and posting such transactions to existing accounts, e.g. automatic teller machines

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to the field of digital currencies, and in particular, to an automatic teller machine and a method for issuing a digital currency physical carrier.
  • Digital currency is an alternative currency in the form of electronic money.
  • Today's digital currencies such as Bitcoin, Litecoin, and PPCoin, rely on checksum cryptography to create, issue, and circulate electronic money. Its characteristics are the use of P2P peer-to-peer network technology to issue, manage and circulate.
  • a digital currency physical carrier is provided in the related technology, which can realize offline digital currency ownership transfer without relying on the network.
  • the physical currency is a new thing, and its acquisition must depend on offline, and the scarcity of offline agency sales channels leads to the inconvenience of the promotion of physical currency, and the deployment of sufficient offline outlets will increase the promotion cost of physical currency .
  • the present disclosure provides an automatic teller machine and a method for issuing a digital currency physical carrier, which can make and issue a digital currency physical carrier.
  • a first aspect of the present disclosure provides an automatic teller machine, including: a host module, and a first communication module, a second communication module, and a currency handling module respectively connected to the host module;
  • the first communication module is configured to communicate with a blockchain network
  • the second communication module is configured to communicate with a digital currency physical carrier
  • the currency throughput module is configured to send a digital currency physical carrier placed in the ATM to a user;
  • the host module is configured to initialize a digital currency physical carrier placed in the ATM; and control the currency throughput module to send the digital currency physical carrier that has been initialized to a user.
  • the host module is further configured to recharge the digital currency in the account wallet of the blockchain network into the public key address of the digital currency physical carrier after the initialization is completed.
  • a second aspect of the present disclosure provides a method for an automatic teller machine to issue a digital currency physical carrier, including:
  • the method further includes:
  • the digital currency in the blockchain wallet address included in the identity information is recharged into the public key address of the digital currency physical carrier after the initialization is completed.
  • the automatic teller machine provided by the present disclosure can make digital currency owned by a user into a physical currency (that is, a digital currency physical carrier) and provide the user with a transaction for circulation.
  • a physical currency that is, a digital currency physical carrier
  • the ATM is easy to deploy, and users can complete coin making on their own, reducing the cost of promotion.
  • the automatic teller machine can also recharge and withdraw the existing digital currency physical carrier of the user, and flexibly realize the self-service conversion of the physicalization and virtualization of digital currency.
  • digital currency physical carriers do not have currency attributes without being initialized and recharged, making the theft of cash against ATMs meaningless.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an automatic teller machine provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of another automatic teller machine provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic flowchart of a method for issuing a digital currency physical carrier by an automatic teller machine according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic flowchart of a method for initializing and recharging a digital currency physical carrier by an automatic teller machine according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic flowchart of a method for withdrawing a digital currency physical carrier by an automatic teller machine according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • An embodiment of the present disclosure provides an automatic teller machine for making and issuing a digital currency physical carrier.
  • the automatic teller machine includes a host module 101 and first communication modules 102 connected to the host module 101 respectively.
  • the first communication module 102 is used to communicate with a blockchain network
  • the second communication module 103 is used to communicate with a digital currency physical carrier.
  • the currency throughput module 104 is used to send the digital currency physical carrier placed in the ATM to the user.
  • the ATM may include a receiving structure for placing the digital currency physical carrier.
  • the receiving structure allows the issuer to work. Personnel add uninitialized digital currency physical carrier.
  • the host module 101 is used to initialize the digital currency physical carrier placed in the ATM, and to control the currency throughput module 104 to send the initialized digital currency physical carrier to the user.
  • the digital currency physical carrier may be a card type or a coin type.
  • the digital currency physical carrier may be an IC card (Integrated Circuit Card).
  • the digital currency physical carrier does not need a power supply design and a battery module, and the second communication module 103 in the ATM and the digital currency physics
  • the interaction between the carriers can be contact or non-contact.
  • the contact type may be, for example, NFC communication (Near Field Communication), that is, the second communication module 103 may specifically be an NFC communication module, which adopts NFC bidirectional identification and connection, and there is no fixed master-slave relationship between the two communication parties.
  • the digital currency physical carrier can run in a powerless environment.
  • the digital currency physical carrier may be any programmable smart card, such as Java Card, and the communication between the second communication module 103 and the digital currency physical carrier may also be other communication methods, such as Bluetooth, infrared, The radio and the like do not limit this.
  • the automatic teller machine can make the digital currency owned by the user into a physical currency (that is, a physical carrier of the digital currency) and provide it to the user for transaction circulation.
  • the ATM is easy to deploy, and users can complete coin making on their own, reducing the cost of promotion.
  • digital currency physical carriers do not have currency attributes without being initialized and recharged, making the theft of cash against ATMs meaningless.
  • the ATM can work offline.
  • the automatic teller machine can send the digital currency physical carrier to the user after it is initialized.
  • the initialization of the digital currency physical carrier refers to controlling the digital currency physical carrier to generate a key pair. Specifically, the private key in the key pair is not readable in the digital currency physical carrier, and the public key in the key pair is readable in the digital currency physical carrier.
  • the non-readable private key in the digital currency physical carrier refers to the use of hardware to protect the private key.
  • the key generation, encryption, decryption, signature verification, and other calculation processes are all in the cryptographic chip It is completed to ensure that the private key does not leave the crypto chip, which eliminates the backup and recovery of the private key, and has anti-counterfeiting and non-copyability of currency.
  • the wallet address in the blockchain account is generated based on the public key. Therefore, the public key in the digital currency physical carrier is readable in order to realize the operation of the ATM to perform balance inquiry or recharge on the digital currency physical carrier.
  • the ATM can verify the authenticity of the digital currency physical carrier, initiate online currency transactions on the blockchain network, and transfer the balance of the digital currency physical carrier to other blockchain accounts.
  • the host module 101 is further configured to recharge the digital currency in the account wallet of the blockchain network to the completed initialization After the digital currency physical carrier's public key address.
  • the account wallet may be a wallet entered by the user and verified successfully.
  • the automatic teller machine can initialize the digital currency physical carrier and recharge the digital currency physical carrier before sending it to the user.
  • the digital currency in the user's own blockchain account is converted into the physical currency (that is, the digital currency physical carrier).
  • the automatic teller machine further includes a printing module 105 for printing an upper amount on a digital currency physical carrier that has been initialized.
  • the ATM can recharge the digital currency physical carrier that has been initialized by the user based on the user's operation, and at the same time, print a denomination on the surface of the digital currency physical carrier that is consistent with the recharged amount, thereby ensuring The denomination size seen by the user is consistent with the actual amount in the blockchain account of the digital currency physical carrier.
  • the automatic teller machine can also print the release time, serial number, product information, etc. of the digital currency physical carrier according to actual needs, which is not limited in this disclosure.
  • the digital currency physical carrier before placing the digital currency physical carrier in the ATM, it already has a denomination mark, and the denomination mark can be made by printing, stamping, casting, etc.
  • the denomination mark can be made by printing, stamping, casting, etc.
  • multiple types of digital currency physical carriers of different denominations can be placed in the ATM in different categories, and specified different denomination sizes are provided for users to choose to make.
  • the digital currency physical carrier corresponding to the denomination size is selected for initialization and recharge After spit to the user.
  • the currency throughput module 104 is further configured to swallow a digital currency physical carrier placed by the user; the host module 101 is further configured to query the balance or cash out of the digital currency physical carrier swallowed by the currency throughput module.
  • the public key of the digital currency physical carrier can be read, and the balance in the corresponding wallet address can be queried from the blockchain network, and the wallet address can also be recharged.
  • the withdrawal operation of the digital currency physical carrier means that based on the private key signature of the digital currency physical carrier, an online transaction can also be initiated to transfer the digital currency in the corresponding wallet address of the digital currency physical carrier to the wallet of another account. , So that the user ’s digital currency is converted from physical to virtual.
  • the host module 101 is further configured to obtain the identity information of the user, where the identity information includes the account information of the user in the blockchain network, and perform identity authentication and / or fee collection for the user according to the identity information .
  • the ATM can prompt the user to enter identity information first to complete the process.
  • the user's authentication determines the user's operation authority and the authenticity of the account.
  • the ATM can also charge a certain fee, which can be directly collected from the user's blockchain wallet address, or fiat currency.
  • the ATM may further include other components, such as the human-computer interaction module 106, the display module 107, and the like shown in FIG.
  • the sending and swallowing of the digital currency physical carrier can be realized by a mechanical structure.
  • the ATM can provide corresponding different types of physical carriers to achieve the access of multiple digital currencies and physical virtual conversion functions. This disclosure does not limit this.
  • An embodiment of the present disclosure also provides a method for issuing a digital currency physical carrier by an automatic teller machine.
  • the method can be applied to the automatic teller machine shown in FIG. 1, and as shown in FIG. 3, the method includes:
  • a key pair generation instruction may be sent to a digital currency physical carrier to instruct a key chip in the digital currency physical carrier to generate a public key and a private key.
  • the automatic teller machine is communicatively connected to the back-end server of the issuing institution, and before sending a key generation instruction to the digital currency physical carrier, it can request authentication from the back-end server.
  • the ATM when the ATM is offline, it can obtain relevant information input by the user, such as the denomination size, and when receiving a coin-making instruction issued by the user, a blank digital currency physical carrier is selected according to the denomination size. Initialize and send the initialized digital currency physical carrier to the user.
  • the ATM when the ATM maintains communication with the back-end server and the blockchain network, it can obtain the user's identity information and authenticate the user based on the identity information. After the authentication is passed, the identity information is included
  • the digital currency in the blockchain wallet address is recharged into the public key address of the digital currency physical carrier after initialization, and the digital currency physical carrier that is recharged is sent to the user, and the user's digital currency is virtualized from the entity. Conversion.
  • FIG. 4 the method flow of an automatic teller machine to initialize a digital currency physical carrier is shown in FIG. 4, including:
  • the ATM sends a key generation request to the server, and the key generation request is used by the server to authenticate the ATM.
  • the server is specifically a service backend of the distribution structure.
  • the server can authorize designated ATMs to have the authority to control key pairs generated by the physical carrier of digital currency. In this way, when the server receives a key generation request sent by an ATM, it needs to authenticate the ATM to determine whether the ATM has the corresponding authority.
  • the server receives the key generation request and authenticates the ATM according to the key generation request.
  • the server sends a key generation response to the ATM, and the key generation response includes an authentication result.
  • the ATM receives a key generation response sent by the server.
  • the automatic teller machine sends a key pair generation instruction to the digital currency physical carrier.
  • the key generation response also includes related information of the account registered on the blockchain network, and the related information is used to generate a key pair and a wallet address.
  • the related information may include a mnemonic in the blockchain wallet AToken.
  • the key pair generation instruction sent by the ATM to the digital currency physical carrier carries the relevant information, and is used to trigger the digital currency physical carrier to generate a public key and a private key.
  • the digital currency physical carrier receives a key pair generation instruction sent by the ATM.
  • the digital currency physical carrier generates a corresponding public key and private key according to the key pair generation instruction.
  • the ATM sends a public key reading instruction to the digital currency physical carrier.
  • the digital currency physical carrier receives a public key reading instruction initiated by the ATM.
  • the digital currency physical carrier returns the stored public key to the ATM according to the public key reading instruction.
  • a digital currency physical carrier may store a private key, a public key, and an address generated based on the public key.
  • the private key is not readable.
  • the public key and address are readable.
  • the ATM receives the public key returned by the digital currency physical carrier.
  • the ATM recharges the wallet of the blockchain account corresponding to the digital currency physical carrier according to the public key.
  • the recharged digital currency should be consistent with the denomination size.
  • step S414 is performed.
  • the ATM can also collect a fee from the user's blockchain wallet address as a fee for making currency, which is not limited in this disclosure.
  • the user can also be prompted to deposit legal currency. Charge a handling fee.
  • the method further comprises: swallowing the digital currency physical carrier placed by the user; and querying the balance of the digital currency physical carrier from the blockchain network.
  • the ATM can read the public key in the digital currency physical carrier placed by the user, and query the balance in the corresponding wallet address from the blockchain network based on the public key.
  • the method further comprises: swallowing a digital currency physical carrier placed by the user; obtaining a target wallet address input by the user; and initiating a transfer to the blockchain network of the digital currency in the digital currency physical carrier to the blockchain network based on the target wallet address The transaction of the target wallet address.
  • the ATM can send a transaction request to a digital currency physical carrier, the digital currency signs the transaction request with a private key, and the ATM broadcasts the transaction request signed by the private key to the blockchain network to complete the line On transaction.
  • FIG. 5 the method flow of an automatic teller machine withdrawing a digital currency physical carrier is shown in FIG. 5, including:
  • the ATM sends a transaction request to a digital currency physical carrier.
  • the transaction request includes currency transaction information, such as a payee address.
  • the currency transaction information is created by the ATM based on user operations.
  • the digital currency physical carrier receives the transaction request.
  • the digital currency physical carrier signs the currency transaction information carried by the transaction request according to the stored private key of the blockchain account.
  • the digital currency physical carrier changes the use state of the private key to used.
  • the use status information of the private key recorded on the digital currency physical carrier is readable, and is used by the ATM to determine whether the currency of the digital currency physical carrier is safe and effective in combination with the validity of the private key and the balance.
  • the digital currency physical carrier sends a transaction response to the ATM.
  • the transaction response includes currency transaction information signed by the private key.
  • the ATM receives the transaction response.
  • the ATM initiates a currency transaction to the blockchain network according to the transaction response.
  • the foregoing description uses method steps, but those skilled in the art should know that the technical solutions provided by the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited by the sequence of steps.
  • the steps in S504 described above may be performed in S505.
  • the method shown in FIG. 5 is only one possible implementation manner, and there may be other alternatives.
  • the currency transaction information can be created by a digital currency physical carrier, and the private currency signature of the created currency transaction information is then used to send a transaction request to the ATM.
  • the ATM can also verify the currency validity of the digital currency physical carrier.
  • the digital currency physical carrier records the use status of the private key. Specifically, the digital currency physical carrier changes the use state of the private key to used after signing the currency transaction using the private key. In this way, based on the use status information of the private key, the ATM can confirm whether the digital currency of the digital currency physical carrier has been withdrawn. If the use status information of the private key indicates that the private key has been used, the digital currency physical carrier can be determined The digital currency is being traded or the transaction has been completed. At this time, the ATM needs to query the balance of the blockchain network through the public key address.
  • the following table 1 provides the correspondence between the combination of the validity of the private key, the use state of the private key, and the account balance and the state of the physical carrier of the digital currency:
  • the digital currency physical carrier in a secure state, can be used for offline transactions as physical currency; in a state of issuance error, the digital currency physical carrier is recovered by the issuing institution; in an insecure state, the digital currency physical carrier may have used the private key
  • the transaction has been signed, but the transaction has not been confirmed.
  • the transaction has not been broadcasted to the blockchain network, or has not been accepted by the blockchain network, and other reasons can cause the transaction to be in an unconfirmed state.
  • the digital currency physical carrier cannot be used for offline transactions; the cashed digital currency physical carrier can be recharged by the issuing institution or the user; the counterfeit digital currency physical carrier can be destroyed.
  • it can be considered that only the currency of the digital currency physical carrier in a secure state is valid, that is, it can be traded.
  • a digital currency physical carrier may further store a manufacturer certificate, and the manufacturer certificate is used to verify the hardware legality of the digital currency physical carrier.
  • the manufacturer certificate is produced by the manufacturer.
  • the private key in the batch key pair is obtained by signing the public key of the device key pair generated by the digital currency physical carrier.
  • the digital currency physical carrier can generate a key pair of the device before leaving the factory.
  • the manufacturer's device can generate a key pair for the production.
  • the private key in the production batch key pair is used to sign the read public key of the digital currency physical carrier, and a manufacturer certificate can be obtained.
  • the manufacturer device can write the public key in the production batch key pair into the blockchain.
  • the ATM can read the manufacturer's certificate in the digital currency physical carrier and the public key of the manufacturer in the blockchain, and use the public key to sign and verify the manufacturer's certificate. If the certificate passes, It is determined that the digital currency physical carrier is issued by the manufacturer. If the authentication fails, it is determined that the digital currency physical carrier is counterfeit.
  • the automatic teller machine can make the digital currency owned by the user into a physical currency (that is, a digital currency physical carrier) and provide it to the user for transaction circulation. Further, the automatic teller machine can also recharge and withdraw the existing digital currency physical carrier of the user, and flexibly realize the self-service conversion of the physicalization and virtualization of digital currency.
  • a physical currency that is, a digital currency physical carrier

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Abstract

一种自动柜员机及其发放数字货币物理载体的方法。该自动柜员机包括主机模块(101)，以及分别与主机模块(101)相连的第一通信模块(102)、第二通信模块(103)、货币吞吐模块(104)；其中，第一通信模块(102)用于与区块链网络通信；第二通信模块(103)用于与数字货币物理载体通信；货币吞吐模块(104)用于将自动柜员机内放置的数字货币物理载体吐送给用户；主机模块(101)用于初始化自动柜员机内放置的数字货币物理载体；控制货币吞吐模块(104)将已完成初始化的数字货币物理载体吐送给用户。

Description

自动柜员机及其发放数字货币物理载体的方法 技术领域
本公开涉及数字货币领域，具体地，涉及一种自动柜员机及其发放数字货币物理载体的方法。
背景技术
数字货币是电子货币形式的替代货币，现在的数子货币，比如比特币、莱特币和PPCoin是依靠校验和密码技术来创建、发行和流通的电子货币。其特点是运用P2P对等网络技术来发行、管理和流通。
为了使数字货币易于流通，相关技术中提供了一种数字货币物理载体，能够实现不依赖于网络的离线数字货币所有权转移。但是，实体化货币是新兴事物，它的获取必须依赖于线下，而线下代理销售渠道的稀少导致实体化货币的推广不便，而部署足够的线下网点会增大实体化货币的推广成本。
发明内容
为了解决现有技术中存在的上述问题，本公开提供一种自动柜员机及其发放数字货币物理载体的方法，能够制作和发放数字货币物理载体。
为了实现上述目的，本公开第一方面提供一种自动柜员机，包括：主机模块，以及分别于所述主机模块相连的第一通信模块、第二通信模块、货币吞吐模块；
其中，所述第一通信模块用于与区块链网络通信；
所述第二通信模块用于与数字货币物理载体通信；
所述货币吞吐模块用于将所述自动柜员机内放置的数字货币物理载体吐送给用户；
所述主机模块用于，初始化所述自动柜员机内放置的数字货币物理载体；控制所述货币吞吐模块将已完成初始化的数字货币物理载体吐送给用户。
可选地，所述主机模块还用于，将区块链网络的账户钱包中的数字货币充值到已完成初始化后的数字货币物理载体的公钥地址中。
本公开第二方面提供一种自动柜员机发放数字货币物理载体的方法，包括：
对所述自动柜员机内放置的数字货币物理载体进行初始化；
将初始化完成的所述数字货币物理载体吐送给用户。
可选地，所述方法还包括：
获取所述用户的身份信息，根据所述身份信息对所述用户进行鉴权；
在鉴权通过后，将所述身份信息中包括的区块链钱包地址中的数字货币充值到已完成初始化后的数字货币物理载体的公钥地址中。
采用上述技术方案，可以达到如下技术效果：
本公开提供的自动柜员机能够将用户拥有的数字货币制作成实体货币(即数字货币物理载体)提供给用户进行交易流通。并且，该自动柜员机易于部署，用户可以自助完成制币，降低了推广成本。进一步地，该自动柜员机还可以对用户已有数字货币物理载体进行充值和提现，灵活实现数字货币实体化和虚拟化的自助转换。另外，相比传统的自动柜员机，数字货币物理载体在未完成初始化以及充值的情况下，不具备货币属性，从而使得针对自动柜员机中的现金偷盗行为失去意义。
本公开的其他特征和优点将在随后的具体实施方式部分予以详细说明。
附图说明
附图是用来提供对本公开的进一步理解，并且构成说明书的一部分，与下面的具体实施方式一起用于解释本公开，但并不构成对本公开的限制。在 附图中：
图1是本公开实施例提供的一种自动柜员机的结构示意图；
图2是本公开实施例提供的另一种自动柜员机的结构示意图；
图3是本公开实施例提供的一种自动柜员机发放数字货币物理载体的方法的流程示意图；
图4是本公开实施例提供的一种自动柜员机初始化及充值数字货币物理载体的方法的流程示意图；
图5是本公开实施例提供的自动柜员机提现数字货币物理载体的方法的流程示意图。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图对本公开的具体实施方式进行详细说明。应当理解的是，此处所描述的具体实施方式仅用于说明和解释本公开，并不用于限制本公开。
本公开实施例提供一种自动柜员机，用于制作以及发放数字货币物理载体，如图1所示，该自动柜员机包括：主机模块101，以及分别于所述主机模块101相连的第一通信模块102、第二通信模块103、货币吞吐模块104；
其中，该第一通信模块102用于与区块链网络通信，该第二通信模块103用于与数字货币物理载体通信。
该货币吞吐模块104用于将该自动柜员机内放置的数字货币物理载体吐送给用户，其中，该自动柜员机中可以包括一用于放置数字货币物理载体的容纳结构，该容纳结构允许发行方工作人员添加未初始化的数字货币物理载体。
该主机模块101用于，初始化该自动柜员机内放置的数字货币物理载体，以及控制该货币吞吐模块104将已完成初始化的数字货币物理载体吐送给用户。
示例地，该数字货币物理载体可以是卡型或者币型。例如该数字货币物理载体可以是IC卡(Integrated Circuit Card，集成电路卡)，这样，该数字货币物理载体无需供电设计及电池模块，并且，自动柜员机中的上述第二通信模块103与数字货币物理载体之间的交互可以是接触式的也可以是非接触式的。接触式的例如可以是NFC通信(Near Field Communication，近距离无线通信)，即该第二通信模块103具体可以是NFC通信模块，采用NFC双向识别与连接，通信双方不存在固定的主从关系，并且数字货币物理载体可以在无电的环境下运行。
在具体实施时，该数字货币物理载体可以是任意可编程的智能卡，例如Java Card，该第二通信模块103与该数字货币物理载体之间的通信也可以是其他通信方式，例如蓝牙，红外，无线电等，本公开对此不做限定。
采用上述自动柜员机，该自动柜员机能够将用户拥有的数字货币制作成实体货币(即数字货币物理载体)提供给用户进行交易流通。该自动柜员机易于部署，用户可以自助完成制币，降低了推广成本。另外，相比传统的自动柜员机，数字货币物理载体在未完成初始化以及充值的情况下，不具备货币属性，从而使得针对自动柜员机中的现金偷盗行为失去意义。
在一种可能的实现方式中，该自动柜员机可以离线工作。该离线状态下，该自动柜员机对数字货币物理载体完成初始化后即可将其吐送给用户。其中，对数字货币物理载体的初始化是指控制数字货币物理载体生成密钥对。具体地，该密钥对中的私钥在该数字货币物理载体中不可读，该密钥对中的公钥在该数字货币物理载体中可读。
其中，私钥在数字货币物理载体中不可读是指利用硬件对私钥进行保护，如采用高安全性密码芯片，其密钥的产生，加解密、签名验签等计算过程均在密码芯片内完成，确保私钥不离开密码芯片，杜绝了私钥的备份和恢复，具有货币的防伪以及不可复制性。
值得说明的是，区块链账号中钱包地址是根据公钥生成的，因此，数字货币物理载体中的公钥可读是为了实现自动柜员机对该数字货币物理载体进行余额查询或者充值等操作。并且，基于私钥签名，自动柜员机可以对数字货币物理载体进行真伪验证，以及在区块链网络发起线上货币交易，将数字货币物理载体的余额转给其他区块链账户。
在另一种可能的实现方式中，该自动柜员机与区块链网络保持正常通信的情况下，该主机模块101还用于，将区块链网络的账户钱包中的数字货币充值到已完成初始化后的数字货币物理载体的公钥地址中。
具体地，该账户钱包可以是用户输入且经验证成功后的钱包，这样，该自动柜员机可以在对数字货币物理载体完成初始化，且对数字货币物理载体进行充值后再吐送给用户。从而实现将用户自身区块链账户中的数字货币转化为实体的货币(即该数字货币物理载体)。
可选地，如图2所示，该自动柜员机还包括印刷模块105，用于对已完成初始化的数字货币物理载体印刷上面额。
在具体实施时，自动柜员机可以基于用户的操作对已完成初始化的数字货币物理载体充值用户选定的金额大小，同时在该数字货币物理载体表面印刷上与充值的金额大小一致的面额，从而保证用户看到的面额大小与该数字货币物理载体的区块链账户中实际金额大小一致。可选地，该自动柜员机还可以根据实际需求印刷上数字货币物理载体对应的发布时间，编号，产品信息等，本公开对此不做限定。
在另一种可能的实现方式中，数字货币物理载体在放置进自动柜员机之前，其已经具有面额标识，该面额标识可以使用印刷，冲压，铸造等方式制作。这样，自动柜员机中可以分类放置有多种不同面额大小的数字货币物理载体，并提供指定的不同面额大小供用户选择制作，基于用户的操作，选择对应面额大小的数字货币物理载体完成初始化以及充值后吐送给用户。
可选地，该货币吞吐模块104还用于，吞取用户放置的数字货币物理载体；该主机模块101还用于，对该货币吞吐模块吞取的数字货币物理载体进行查询余额或者提现操作。
针对用户置入的数字货币物理载体，读取该数字货币物理载体的公钥，可以从区块链网络查询到对应钱包地址中的余额，并且还可以对该钱包地址进行充值。另外，对数字货币物理载体的提现操作是指，基于该数字货币物理载体的私钥签名，还可以发起线上交易，将该数字货币物理载体对应钱包地址中的数字货币转移到其他账户的钱包，从而实现用户的数字货币由实体化转换为虚拟化。
可选地，该主机模块101还用于，获取用户的身份信息，该身份信息包括该用户在区块链网络中的账户信息，根据该身份信息对该用户进行身份鉴权和/或费用收取。
由于数字货币实体化以及虚拟化之间的转换涉及到对用户区块链账户中的数字货币的转移，因此，在用户执行相关操作之前，自动柜员机可以提示用户首先输入身份信息，以完成对该用户的鉴权，确定该用户的操作权限，以及账户的真实性。并且，该自动柜员机还可以收取一定的手续费用，具体可以直接从用户的区块链钱包地址中收取，也可以收取法币。
值得说明的是，在具体实施时，该自动柜员机还可以包括其他部件，例如图2中示出的人机交互模块106，显示模块107等。另外，数字货币物理载体的吐送和吞取可以采用机械结构实现。并且，针对不同类型的数字货币，该自动柜员机可以提供对应的不同类型的物理载体，以实现多种数字货币的存取以及实体虚拟转换功能。本公开对此不做限定。
本公开实施例还提供一种自动柜员机发放数字货币物理载体的方法，该方法例如可以应用于图1所示的自动柜员机，如图3所示，该方法包括：
S301、对自动柜员机内放置的数字货币物理载体进行初始化。
具体地，可以通过对数字货币物理载体发送密钥对生成指令，指示数字货币物理载体中的密钥芯片生成公钥和私钥。在一种可能的实现方式中，该自动柜员机与发行机构的后端服务器通信相连，在向数字货币物理载体发送密钥生成指令之前，可以向该后端服务器请求鉴权。
S302、将初始化完成的该数字货币物理载体吐送给用户。
示例地，自动柜员机在离线状态下，可以获取用户操作输入的相关信息，该相关信息例如包括面额大小，并在接收到用户下发的制币指令时，根据面额大小选择一空白数字货币物理载体进行初始化，并将初始化完成的数字货币物理载体吐送给用户。
另外，自动柜员机与后端服务器以及区块链网络保持通信的情况下，可以获取用户的身份信息，并根据该身份信息对该用户进行鉴权，在鉴权通过后，将该身份信息中包括的区块链钱包地址中的数字货币充值到已完成初始化后的数字货币物理载体的公钥地址中，并将完成充值的数字货币物理载体吐送给用户，完成用户数字货币由虚拟化到实体化的转换。
示例地，自动柜员机对数字货币物理载体进行初始化的方法流程如图4所示，包括：
S401、自动柜员机向服务器发送密钥生成请求，该密钥生成请求用于该服务器对自动柜员机进行鉴权。
其中，该服务器具体为发行结构的服务后端。该服务器可以授权指定的自动柜员机具有控制数字货币物理载体生成密钥对的权限。这样，服务器接收到某一自动柜员机发送的密钥生成请求时，需对该自动柜员机进行鉴权，以确定该自动柜员机是否拥有相应的权限。
S402、该服务器接收该密钥生成请求，并根据该密钥生成请求对该自动柜员机进行鉴权。
S403、该服务器向该自动柜员机发送密钥生成响应，该密钥生成响应包 括鉴权结果。
S404、该自动柜员机接收该服务器发送的密钥生成响应。
S405、若该鉴权结果表明该自动柜员机具备控制数字货币物理载体生成密钥对的权限，则该自动柜员机向该数字货币物理载体发送密钥对生成指令。
其中，该密钥生成响应还包括在区块链网络注册的账号的相关信息，该相关信息用于生成密钥对以及钱包地址，例如该相关信息可以包括区块链钱包AToken中助记词。自动柜员机向数字货币物理载体发送的密钥对生成指令携带该相关信息，用于触发数字货币物理载体生成公钥和私钥。
S406、该数字货币物理载体接收该自动柜员机发送的密钥对生成指令。
S407、该数字货币物理载体根据该密钥对生成指令生成对应的公钥和私钥。
S408、存储新生成的该公钥和该私钥。
对于新生成了密钥对的数字货币物理载体，其账户钱包的余额为0。因此自动柜员机可以读取公钥地址，再向对应的地址内进行充值，具体步骤如下述S409至步骤S413所示。
S409、该自动柜员机向数字货币物理载体发送公钥读取指令。
S410、该数字货币物理载体接收该自动柜员机发起的公钥读取指令。
S411、该数字货币物理载体根据该公钥读取指令将存储的公钥返回给该自动柜员机。
本领域技术人员应该理解的是，基于区块链的数字货币的钱包地址通常是公钥生成的，也可能直接是公钥。为了便于描述，本公开实施例直接使用公钥表示钱包地址，根据具体的应用场景，数字货币物理载体可以同时存储私钥、公钥、以及基于公钥生成的地址，其中，私钥不可读，公钥和地址可读。
S412、该自动柜员机接收该数字货币物理载体返回的公钥。
S413、该自动柜员机根据该公钥对该数字货币物理载体对应的区块链账户的钱包进行充值。
其中，在数字货币物理载体已具备面额标识的情况下，充值的数字货币应与面额大小一致。在另一种可能的实现方式中，也可以跟根据用户输入的金额充值，并在充值完成后，在数字货币物理载体上印刷上与充值金额一致的面额标识。
进一步地，在完成初始化和充值后，执行步骤S414。
S414、将充值完成的数字货币物理载体吐送给用户。
值得说明的是，对于上述方法实施例，为了简单描述，故将其都表述为一系列的动作组合，但是本领域技术人员应该知悉，本公开并不受所描述的动作顺序的限制。其次，本领域技术人员也应该知悉，说明书中所描述的实施例均属于优选实施例，所涉及的动作并不一定是本公开所必须的，例如，自动柜员机在对数字货币物理载体进行初始化之前，也可以无需向后端服务器请求授权，具体可以根据实际需求设定。
另外，在上述流程中，该自动柜员机还可以从该用户的区块链钱包地址中收取费用，作为制作货币的手续费，本公开对此不做限定，例如，也可以提示用户置入法币，收取手续费。
可选地，该方法还包括：吞取用户放置的数字货币物理载体；从区块链网络中查询该数字货币物理载体的余额。具体地，该自动柜员机可以读取用户置入的数字货币物理载体中的公钥，并基于该公钥从区块链网络中查询对应的钱包地址中的余额。
可选地，该方法还包括：吞取用户放置的数字货币物理载体；获取用户输入的目标钱包地址；基于该目标钱包地址向区块链网络发起将该数字货币物理载体中的数字货币转移到该目标钱包地址的交易。具体地，该自动柜员机可以向数字货币物理载体发送交易请求，该数字货币对该交易请求进行私 钥签名，该自动柜员机将经私钥签名的交易请求广播到区块链网络中，以完成线上交易。
示例地，自动柜员机对数字货币物理载体进行提现的方法流程如图5所示，包括：
S501、自动柜员机向数字货币物理载体发送交易请求。
其中，该交易请求包括货币交易信息，例如收款人地址。该货币交易信息由自动柜员机基于用户操作创建。
S502、该数字货币物理载体接收该交易请求。
S503、该数字货币物理载体根据存储的区块链账号的私钥对该交易请求携带的货币交易信息进行签名。
S504、该数字货币物理载体将私钥的使用状态更改为已使用。
其中，数字货币物理载体记录的私钥的使用状态信息是可读取的，用于自动柜员机结合私钥有效性以及余额判断数字货币物理载体的货币是否安全有效。
S505、该数字货币物理载体向该自动柜员机发送交易响应。
该交易响应包括经私钥签名的货币交易信息。
S506、该自动柜员机接收该交易响应。
S507、该自动柜员机根据该交易响应向区块链网络发起货币交易。
值得说明的是，自动柜员机向区块链网络发起货币交易的流程与现有区块链线上交易流程一致，此处不再赘述。
此外，为了便于理解，上述采用了方法步骤的方式进行描述，但是，本领域技术人员应该知悉，本公开实施例提供的技术方案不受步骤时序的限制，例如，上述S504的步骤可以在S505的步骤之后进行。并且，图5所示的方法仅是一种可能的实现方式，还可能存在其他可替代方式。例如，货币交易信息可以由数字货币物理载体创建，并且对创建的货币交易信息进行私钥签 名后，向自动柜员机发送交易请求。
值得说明的是，在充值和提现流程中，自动柜员机还可以对该数字货币物理载体的货币有效性进行验证。例如，数字货币物理载体记录有私钥的使用状态，具体地，数字货币物理载体在使用私钥签署货币交易后，将私钥的使用状态更改为已使用。这样，自动柜员机基于私钥的使用状态信息即可确认该数字货币物理载体的数字货币是否已经被提现，若私钥的使用状态信息表明私钥已被使用，则可确定该数字货币物理载体的数字货币正在被交易或者已完成交易，此时需自动柜员机进一步通过公钥地址向区块链网络查询余额。
下表1提供了私钥有效性，私钥使用状态，账户余额三者的组合与数字货币物理载体的状态的对应关系：
Figure PCTCN2018090892-appb-000001
表1
其中，在安全状态下，数字货币物理载体可作为实体货币进行线下交易；在发行错误状态下，数字货币物理载体由发行机构恢复；在不安全状态下，数字货币物理载体可能已经利用私钥签署过交易，但是该交易还未被确认，其中，交易未被广播到区块链网络，或者还未被区块链网络接受等原因均可导致交易处于未被确认状态，此种状态下，该数字货币物理载体不可用于线下交易；已提现的数字货币物理载体可由发行机构或者所属用户进行充值；伪造的数字货币物理载体可进行销毁。在具体实施时，可认为只有在安全状 态下的数字货币物理载体的货币是有效的，即是可以进行交易的。
另外，为了防止数字货币物理载体的发行厂商被仿冒，还可以在充值和提现流程中，对该数字货币物理载体的硬件合法性进行验证。本公开实施例的一种可能的实现方式中，数字货币物理载体中还可以存储有厂商证书，该厂商证书用于验证数字货币物理载体的硬件合法性，其中，该厂商证书是利用厂商的生产批次密钥对中的私钥对该数字货币物理载体生成的设备密钥对的公钥进行签名得到的。
具体地，数字货币物理载体在出厂前，可以生成设备的密钥对，针对不同的生产批次，厂商设备可以生成生产的密钥对。这样，利用生产批次密钥对中的私钥对读取到的数字货币物理载体的公钥进行签名，即可得到厂商证书。进一步地，厂商设备可以将生产批次密钥对中的公钥写入区块链中。这样，数字货币物理载体出厂流通后，自动柜员机可以读取数字货币物理载体中的厂商证书以及区块链中该产商的公钥，并利用公钥对厂商证书进行签名认证，若认证通过，则确定该数字货币物理载体是该厂商发行的，若认证失败，则确定该数字货币物理载体是伪冒的。
采用上述方法，自动柜员机能够将用户拥有的数字货币制作成实体货币(即数字货币物理载体)提供给用户进行交易流通。进一步地，该自动柜员机还可以对用户已有数字货币物理载体进行充值和提现，灵活实现数字货币实体化和虚拟化的自助转换。
以上结合附图详细描述了本公开的优选实施方式，但是，本公开并不限于上述实施方式中的具体细节，在本公开的技术构思范围内，可以对本公开的技术方案进行多种简单变型，这些简单变型均属于本公开的保护范围。
另外需要说明的是，在上述具体实施方式中所描述的各个具体技术特征，在不矛盾的情况下，可以通过任何合适的方式进行组合。为了避免不必要的重复，本公开对各种可能的组合方式不再另行说明。
此外，本公开的各种不同的实施方式之间也可以进行任意组合，只要其不违背本公开的思想，其同样应当视为本公开所公开的内容。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种自动柜员机，其特征在于，包括：主机模块，以及分别于所述主机模块相连的第一通信模块、第二通信模块、货币吞吐模块；
    其中，所述第一通信模块用于与区块链网络通信；
    所述第二通信模块用于与数字货币物理载体通信；
    所述货币吞吐模块用于将所述自动柜员机内放置的数字货币物理载体吐送给用户；
    所述主机模块用于，初始化所述自动柜员机内放置的数字货币物理载体；控制所述货币吞吐模块将已完成初始化的数字货币物理载体吐送给用户。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的自动柜员机，其特征在于，所述主机模块还用于，将区块链网络的账户钱包中的数字货币充值到已完成初始化后的数字货币物理载体的公钥地址中。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的自动柜员机，其特征在于，还包括印刷模块，用于对已完成初始化的数字货币物理载体印刷上面额。
  4. 根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的自动柜员机，其特征在于，所述货币吞吐模块还用于，吞取用户放置的数字货币物理载体；
    所述主机模块还用于，对所述货币吞吐模块吞取的数字货币物理载体进行查询余额或者提现操作。
  5. 根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的自动柜员机，其特征在于，所述主机模块还用于，获取用户的身份信息，所述身份信息包括该用户在区块链网络中的账户信息，根据所述身份信息对该用户进行身份鉴权和/或费用收 取。
  6. 一种自动柜员机发放数字货币物理载体的方法，其特征在于，包括：
    对所述自动柜员机内放置的数字货币物理载体进行初始化；
    将初始化完成的所述数字货币物理载体吐送给用户。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    获取所述用户的身份信息，根据所述身份信息对所述用户进行鉴权；
    在鉴权通过后，将所述身份信息中包括的区块链钱包地址中的数字货币充值到已完成初始化后的数字货币物理载体的公钥地址中。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    从所述用户的区块链钱包地址中收取费用。
  9. 根据权利要求6至8中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    吞取用户放置的数字货币物理载体；
    从区块链网络中查询所述数字货币物理载体的余额。
  10. 根据权利要求6至8中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    吞取用户放置的数字货币物理载体；
    获取用户输入的目标钱包地址；
    基于所述目标钱包地址向区块链网络发起将所述数字货币物理载体中的数字货币转移到所述目标钱包地址的交易。
PCT/CN2018/090892 2018-06-12 2018-06-12 自动柜员机及其发放数字货币物理载体的方法 WO2019237257A1 (zh)

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