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WO2019207031A1 - Tuyau souple non collé et procédé de production d'un tuyau souple non collé - Google Patents

Tuyau souple non collé et procédé de production d'un tuyau souple non collé Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019207031A1
WO2019207031A1 PCT/EP2019/060592 EP2019060592W WO2019207031A1 WO 2019207031 A1 WO2019207031 A1 WO 2019207031A1 EP 2019060592 W EP2019060592 W EP 2019060592W WO 2019207031 A1 WO2019207031 A1 WO 2019207031A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
tape
flexible pipe
polymer
unbonded flexible
internal pressure
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2019/060592
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Kristian GLEJBØL
Original Assignee
National Oilwell Varco Denmark I/S
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by National Oilwell Varco Denmark I/S filed Critical National Oilwell Varco Denmark I/S
Publication of WO2019207031A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019207031A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L11/00—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes
    • F16L11/04—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes made of rubber or flexible plastics
    • F16L11/08—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes made of rubber or flexible plastics with reinforcements embedded in the wall
    • F16L11/081—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes made of rubber or flexible plastics with reinforcements embedded in the wall comprising one or more layers of a helically wound cord or wire
    • F16L11/082—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes made of rubber or flexible plastics with reinforcements embedded in the wall comprising one or more layers of a helically wound cord or wire two layers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29D—PRODUCING PARTICULAR ARTICLES FROM PLASTICS OR FROM SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE
    • B29D23/00—Producing tubular articles
    • B29D23/001—Pipes; Pipe joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B1/00—Layered products having a non-planar shape
    • B32B1/08—Tubular products
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B25/00—Layered products comprising a layer of natural or synthetic rubber
    • B32B25/04—Layered products comprising a layer of natural or synthetic rubber comprising rubber as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B25/08—Layered products comprising a layer of natural or synthetic rubber comprising rubber as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/06—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B27/08—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/18—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin characterised by the use of special additives
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B3/00—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form
    • B32B3/10—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a discontinuous layer, i.e. formed of separate pieces of material
    • B32B3/14—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a discontinuous layer, i.e. formed of separate pieces of material characterised by a face layer formed of separate pieces of material which are juxtaposed side-by-side
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L11/00—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes
    • F16L11/04—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes made of rubber or flexible plastics
    • F16L11/08—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes made of rubber or flexible plastics with reinforcements embedded in the wall
    • F16L11/081—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes made of rubber or flexible plastics with reinforcements embedded in the wall comprising one or more layers of a helically wound cord or wire
    • F16L11/083—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes made of rubber or flexible plastics with reinforcements embedded in the wall comprising one or more layers of a helically wound cord or wire three or more layers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L58/00—Protection of pipes or pipe fittings against corrosion or incrustation
    • F16L58/02—Protection of pipes or pipe fittings against corrosion or incrustation by means of internal or external coatings
    • F16L58/16—Protection of pipes or pipe fittings against corrosion or incrustation by means of internal or external coatings the coating being in the form of a bandage
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C53/00—Shaping by bending, folding, twisting, straightening or flattening; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C53/56—Winding and joining, e.g. winding spirally
    • B29C53/58—Winding and joining, e.g. winding spirally helically
    • B29C53/583—Winding and joining, e.g. winding spirally helically for making tubular articles with particular features
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/70—Other properties
    • B32B2307/732—Dimensional properties
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2597/00—Tubular articles, e.g. hoses, pipes

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to unbonded flexible pipes for offshore transport of fluid comprising oil and gas.
  • Unbonded flexible pipes are extensively used in the oil industry e.g. for transport of hydrocarbons such as oil and gas.
  • One example on such transport is conveying of hydrocarbons from a subsea installation to a vessel floating on the sea surface.
  • the unbonded flexible pipe is terminated at each end in an end-fitting which connects the unbonded flexible pipe to the subsea installation and the vessel, respectively.
  • Unbonded flexible pipes of the present type are for example described in the standard "Recommended Practice for Flexible Pipe", ANSI/API 17 B, fifth Edition, May 2014, and the standard “Specification for Unbonded Flexible Pipe", ANSI/API 17J, fourth edition, May 2014.
  • the unbonded flexible pipes usually comprise an internal pressure sheath - often referred to as an innermost sealing sheath or inner liner, which forms a barrier against the outflow of the fluid which is conveyed in the bore of the pipe, and a plurality of armor layers.
  • the pipe further comprises an outer protection layer, often referred to as the outer sheath, which provides mechanical protection of the armor layers.
  • the outer protection layer may be a sealing layer sealing against ingress of sea water.
  • one or more intermediate sealing layers are arranged between armor layers.
  • the different layers are terminated in the end-fitting, meaning that the layers are fastened and locked in the end-fitting by use of e.g. mechanical means, welding, or potting using e.g. a filled epoxy resin.
  • the end-fitting forms a transition between the unbonded flexible pipe and a connection on the vessel, on the subsea installation or between two pipes.
  • the armor layers usually comprise or consist of one or more helically wound elongated armoring elements, where the individual armor layers are not bonded to each other directly or indirectly via other layers along the pipe.
  • the unbonded flexible pipe may comprise a carcass which is an armor layer arranged on the inner side of the internal pressure sheath in the bore.
  • the pipe also comprises one or more pressure armors and/or one or more tensile armors arranged on the outer side of the internal pressure sheath.
  • unbonded means that at least two of the layers including the armoring layers and polymer layers are not bonded to each other.
  • the known pipe normally comprises at least two armor layers located outside the internal pressure sheath and optionally an armor structure, a carcass, located inside the internal pressure sheath.
  • the annular space or spaces outside the internal pressure sheath, which houses the steel armour layers are usually referred to as the annulus or annuli.
  • the flexible pipes may for example be applied for carrying the fluids between a hydrocarbon reservoir located under the seabed either to a junction point between subsea structures or from the seabed to a floating structure.
  • the fluid may be a hydrocarbon fluid, such as natural gas or oil as well as water, CO 2 or a mixture hereof depending upon the nature of the hydrocarbon reservoir.
  • the fluid may also be an injection fluid such as water, supercritical CO2 or methanol.
  • flexible pipes are expected to have a lifetime of about 20 years in operation.
  • Unbonded flexible pipes are e.g. used for the transport of oil and gas at large or intermediate sea depths.
  • the mentioned construction is particularly well suited for the transport of oil and gas from subsea sources to installations at sea level where the oil and gas are being treated or forwarded for further processing such as for example by compression, filtering, separation, distillation and/or further treatment.
  • the armouring layers surrounding the internal pressure sheath may for example comprise one or more pressure armour layers comprising one or more armouring profiles or strips, which are wound around the internal pressure sheath at a large angle, e.g. larger than 80°, relative to the centre axis of the pipe. This or these pressure armour layers primarily compensate for radial forces in the pipe.
  • the armouring layers surrounding the internal pressure sheath may also usually comprise one or more tensile armouring layers which are wound at a relative small angle, such as between 10° and 50°, relative to the centre axis of the pipe. This or these tensile armour layers primarily compensate for axial forces in the pipe.
  • the armouring layers are typically made of steel. A typical unbonded flexible pipe is for example described in WO 00/36324.
  • a holding layer may be wound at a large angle around the tensile armouring layer(s).
  • This armouring layer is usually of very flat profiles in the form of fibre reinforced polymeric tapes e.g. as described in US2010101675.
  • Ingress of gas and water into the annulus may result in simultaneous appearance of gas and condensed water on the exposed steel surfaces of the armour. This may lead to localized corrosion of the steel armour elements located in the annulus, eventually leading to premature failure of the pipe.
  • WO16074681 discloses a method of installing an unbonded flexible pipe, wherein at least a part of the annulus is filled with a corrosion promoting liquid to thereby provide an even corrosion, which is less damaging to the pipe compared to localized corrosion.
  • US2011195208 discloses a method of protecting the armour layers by applying a boron holding grease or fluid or oil for the purpose of increasing acid resistance and/or corrosion resistance of the armour element.
  • FR3046208 discloses a flexible pipe in which a barrier layer of metal strips is provided between the internal pressure sheath and the annulus of the pipe. A polymer material is also inserted in the barrier layer.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a flexible pipe in which the risk of local corrosion of the armour layers is reduced.
  • the invention also provides a solution in which the risk of undesired pressure build-up in the annulus of the flexible pipe is reduced.
  • a conventional unbonded flexible pipe always comprises an internal pressure sheath, which forms the bore in which the fluid to be transported is conveyed; the internal pressure sheath may be reinforced with a carcass located in the bore of the pipe.
  • the internal pressure sheath is substantially fluid tight, meaning that no liquids or gases should be able to pass through the internal pressure sheath.
  • the internal pressure sheath frequently comprises a polymer material, such as polyethylene or polyvinylidene diflouride, gases are during time able to pass through by diffusion, i.e. the internal pressure sheath is not entirely gas tight.
  • the diffusing gasses may be water (H 2 O), carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) and methane (CH 4 ) as well as smaller amounts of higher hydrocarbons.
  • the gases diffuse through the internal pressure sheath, the gasses enter the annulus formed between the internal pressure sheath and the outer sheath and may cause corrosion of the armour layers in the annulus.
  • the pipe is provided with a barrier layer between the internal pressure sheath and the annulus, gasses may diffuse through tiny leaks in the barrier layer and cause local corrosion. This problem is hugely magnified if the barrier layer contains closed channels, as a leaking from such a channel may lead to local corrosion from leaked gas collected along the closed channel.
  • the present invention relates to an unbonded flexible pipe for offshore transport of fluid comprising oil and gas comprising an internal pressure sheath surrounded by an outer sheath, such that an annulus is formed between the internal pressure sheath and the outer sheath, and wherein one or more steel armour layers are located in the annulus between the internal pressure sheath and the outer sheath.
  • the internal pressure sheath comprises an extruded polymer liner wound with consecutive windings of metal and polymer tape.
  • the metal tape has two substantially parallel metal tape side edges extending in the longitudinal direction of the metal tape and where a void is formed along these metal tape edges upon winding.
  • the polymer tape has two substantially parallel polymer tape side edges extending in the longitudinal direction of the polymer tape and where a void is formed along these polymer tape edges upon winding. At least a part of the voids are filled by a pliable filler material.
  • the flexible pipe comprises a bore formed by the internal pressure sheath. The pipe also comprise a centre axis and the internal pressure sheath is substantially symmetrical around the centre axis.
  • the internal pressure sheath according to the invention comprises an extruded polymer liner, which on the outside is wound with consecutive windings of metal and polymer tape, the windings may be alternately stacked metal and polymer tape.
  • the extruded polymer liner forms the bore of the pipe.
  • inside and outside a layer of the pipe is used to designate the relative distance to the centre axis of the pipe, such that “inside a layer” means the area encircled by the layer with a shorter radial distance to the pipe axis than the layer and "outside a layer” means the area not encircled by the layer and not contained by the layer, i.e. with a longer radial distance to the axis.
  • Both the metal tape and polymer tape comprises side edges and when the tape is wound with consecutive windings, voids are formed in interspaces between neighboring side edges. The voids may be between side edges of the metal tape and between side edges of the polymer tape. Voids may also be formed between a side edge of a metal tape and a side edge of a polymer tape.
  • the voids form a hollow channel and closed channel extending around the pipe in a helical pattern. Gasses may be able to collect in the hollow channel and accidental leak into the annulus of the pipe.
  • the hollow channel is filled with the pliable filler material, such that at least at part of the hollow channel is filled.
  • the polymer tape is wound on the outside of the extruded polymer liner such that the polymer tape forms a layer on the extruded polymer liner, and the metal tape is wound on the outside of this layer of polymer tape.
  • the metal may also be wound on the outside of the extruded polymer liner such that there is physical contact between the extruded polymer liner and the metal tape.
  • the metal tape and the polymer tape may also be wound in such a way that there is contact between the extruded polymer liner and both the metal tape and the polymer tape. Winding is also possible using a tape cut from a
  • the metal tape and the polymer tape may be wound around the extruded polymer liner as alternately stacked layers.
  • the longitudinal direction of the tape is the direction where the tape has its longest extension.
  • the width of the tape is substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal direction.
  • the term “substantially” should herein be taken to mean that ordinary product variances and tolerances are comprised.
  • the polymer material of the polymer tape is preferably polymer material selected from the group consisting of polyolefins, such as polyethylene and polypropylene; polyamide, such as poly amide-imide, polyamide-11 (PA-11) and polyamide-12 (PA-12); polyimide (PI); polyurethanes; polyureas;
  • polyesters such as polyacetals; polyethers, such as polyether sulphone (PES);
  • PES polyether sulphone
  • polyoxides such as polyphenylene sulphide (PPS)
  • PPS polyphenylene sulphide
  • polysulphones such as polyarylsulphone (PAS); polyacrylates; polyethylene terephthalate (PET); polyether-ether-ketones (PEEK); polyvinyls;
  • PAS polyarylsulphone
  • PET polyethylene terephthalate
  • PEEK polyether-ether-ketones
  • PVDF polyvinylidene diflouride
  • VF2 vinylidene fluoride
  • VF3 trifluoroethylene
  • copolymers and terpolymers comprising two or more different members selected from the group consisting of VF2, VF3, chlorotrifluoroethylene, tetrafluoroethylene, hexafluoropropene, and hexafluoroethylene.
  • the material of the metal tape is preferably selected from a metal foil, and preferably the metal of the foil is selected from carbon steel, stainless steel, gold, aluminum alloys, titanium alloys, copper alloys and nickel alloys.
  • the tapes may either be plain polymer tape, plain metal tape or tapes coated or laminated with other metals, ceramics or organic coatings. Barrier layers made of such metals are known to provide substantially gas-tight barriers.
  • the extruded polymer liner is preferably made from polymer material selected from the group consisting of polyolefins, such as polyethylene and polypropylene; polyimide, polyamide, such as polyamide-11 (PA-11) and polyamide-12 (PA-12); polyurethanes; polyureas; polyesters; polyacetals; polyethers, such as polyether sulphone (PES); polyoxides; polysulfides, such as polyphenylene sulphide (PPS); polysulphones, such as polyarylsulphone (PAS); polyacrylates; polyethylene terephthalate (PET); polyether-ether- ketones (PEEK); polyvinyls; polyacrylonitrils; polyetherketoneketone (PEKK); copolymers of the preceding; fluorous polymers such as polyvinylidene diflouride (PVDF), homopolymers and copolymers of vinylidene fluoride ("VF2 "), homopolymers and cop
  • the outer sheath of the pipe is preferably made from polymer material, such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polyamide, polyvinyldiene fluoride or a combination of such materials.
  • the outer sheath is an extruded layer. It is well known in the art of flexible pipes how to provide an extruded layer in the flexible pipe.
  • the pliable filler material is a material, which is flexible and capable of adaptively filling out the voids formed between neighboring windings of tape.
  • the pliable filler is capable of adapt to the voids e.g. by deformation.
  • the formed void or channel will locally alter its dimension, reducing the void side on the concave side of the bend pipe and increasing the void volume on the convex side of the bed pipe, such that the entire total void volume will remain substantially constant.
  • the pliable filler should transfer through the channel from the concave side of the pipe to the convex side of the pipe.
  • the pliable material is softer than the material of the polymer tape, typically more than 3 times softer than the polymeric tape material.
  • the hardness of the polymer tape material is more than 3 times harder than the pliable filler material.
  • the pliable filler material has a hardness below 90 shore 00 (measured with type 00 durometer according to ASTM D2240 using the shore 00 scale).
  • the pliable filler material may have a hardness in the range 5 to 90 shore 00.
  • the compressive modulus of the polymer tape in an embodiment is as least two times larger than the compressive modulus of the pliable filler material.
  • the pliable filler material is made from polymer material selected from natural rubber, latex, synthetic rubber, thermoplastic polymer and elastomer polymer.
  • the pliable filler material is may be chosen from organic solids and in an embodiment the pliable filler material selected is from petroleum jelly, grease, vax, bitumen or any combinations thereof optionally filled with solid particles, fibres and/or additives.
  • the solid particles and/or additives can be selected from silicates, oxides, polymers and/or metal, such as granular metallic particles having an electrode potential, which is lower than the metal of the metallic armouring layer.
  • silicates include clay silicates selected from kaolinite, such as dickite, halloysite, nacrite and serpentine; smectite, such as pyrophyllite, talc, vermiculite, sauconite, saponite, nontronite, hectorites (magnesiosilicates) and montmorillonite (bentonite); Illite; or chlorite.
  • kaolinite such as dickite, halloysite, nacrite and serpentine
  • smectite such as pyrophyllite, talc, vermiculite, sauconite, saponite, nontronite, hectorites (magnesiosilicates) and montmorillonite (bentonite); Illite; or chlorite.
  • the solid particles may also comprise chemically active products which may neutralize acidic gasses such as metal oxides selected from Fe2C>3, PbO, ZnO, NiO, CoO, CdO, CuO, SnC>2, M0O3, Fe30 4 , Ag20, CrC>2, CrC>3, Cr2C>3, TiO, T1O2 or T12O3, and/or such as alkaline and alkaline-earth oxides selected from of CaO, Ca(OH) 2 or MgO.
  • acidic gasses such as metal oxides selected from Fe2C>3, PbO, ZnO, NiO, CoO, CdO, CuO, SnC>2, M0O3, Fe30 4 , Ag20, CrC>2, CrC>3, Cr2C>3, TiO, T1O2 or T12O3, and/or such as alkaline and alkaline-earth oxides selected from of CaO, Ca(OH) 2 or MgO.
  • the solid particles may comprise chemically active products selected from the group consisting of metal carbonates, metal chlorides, the hydrated forms of metal carbonates and metal chlorides, the hydroxylated forms of metal carbonates and metal chlorides, alkaline carbonates, alkaline- earth carbonates, alkaline chlorides, alkaline-earth chlorides, the hydrated forms of alkaline carbonates, alkaline-earth carbonates, alkaline chlorides, alkaline-earth chlorides and the hydroxylated forms of alkaline carbonates, alkaline-earth carbonates, alkaline chlorides, and alkaline-earth chlorides.
  • the pliable filler material is a cross-linked gel or comprises cross-linked gel particles.
  • Cross-linked gels may provide a good filling and form a barrier for diffusing gasses in the pipe.
  • the pliable filler material should be applied in an amount to substantially fill the voids in the barrier layer and in an embodiment the amount of the pliable filler material is the range 1 to 40 cm 3 per meter length of the flexible pipe, such as in the range 1 to 30 cm 3 per meter length of the flexible pipe, preferably in the range 1 to 20 cm 3 per meter length of the flexible pipe.
  • the pliable filler material should obtain its filling properties at the operating temperatures of the flexible pipe in an embodiment the pliable filler material is pliable in a temperature range from about 0 to 140 °C.
  • the pliable filler material should not experience any phase transformations effecting its function in this temperature range.
  • the pliable filler material does not dissolve in water and in an embodiment the pliable filler material has solubility in water of less than 0.1g/l, such than less than 0.001g/l, and preferably the pliable filler material is hydrophobic.
  • the polymer tape is adhered to the metal tape. This embodiment may facilitate simple and efficient winding of the tapes onto the extruded polymer liner.
  • the polymer tape may be bonded to the metal tape by means of physical or chemical bonding.
  • the polymer tape is bonded to the metal tape by gluing using an adhesive.
  • the polymer tape may be bonded to the metal tape by a chemical reaction between the metal tape and the polymer material of the polymer tape.
  • Yet another possibility is to coat the metal tape with a polymer, which is compatible with the polymer material of the polymer tape.
  • the polymer coating and the polymer tape may fuse together when the coated the metal tape is covered with the polymer tape.
  • Both a physical and chemical bonding will provide a good adhesion between the metallic tape and the polymer tape.
  • the metal tape is conveniently bonded the polymer tape with its entire surface facing the polymer tape, i.e. the surface of the metal tape facing the polymer tape is bonded to the polymer tape in its entire extension.
  • a bonding is a coherent bonding and not a pointwise bonding.
  • the coherent bonding is an interface bonding between two surfaces in which all contacting surfaces are bonded.
  • a very strong bonding can be formed between the metal tape and the polymer tape.
  • the bonding property may be measured by a peel test for tearing the metal tape and the polymer tape from each other, e.g. using ASTM D3330.
  • the bonding has a peel strength using ASTM D3330 of at least 300 N/m, such as at least 500 N/m, such as at least 700 N/m.
  • the metal tape should be relatively easy to handle and wind around the extruded polymer liner and in an embodiment the metal tape has a width in the range 1 to 10 cm, such as a width in the range 1 to 15 cm, and a thickness in the range 0.05 cm to 0.5 cm, such as a thickness in the range 0.01 cm to 0,8 cm.
  • the polymer tape should be relatively easy to handle and wind around the extruded polymer liner and in an embodiment the polymer tape has a width in the range 1 to 10 cm, such as a width in the range 1 to 15 cm, and a thickness in the range 0.1 cm to 2 cm, such as a thickness in the range 0.1 cm to 3 cm.
  • the applied metal tape and polymer tape have the same width, while the tapes may have different thickness.
  • the metal tape and the polymer tape may be wound with the same or different winding angles and in an embodiment the metal tape is wound with a winding angle in the range 70 to 89 degrees.
  • the polymer tape is wound with a winding angle in the range 70 to 89 degrees.
  • the metal tape and the polymer tape is wound in the same direction and angle, however, for some applications the tapes are
  • the flexible pipe comprises at least one armour layer in the annulus of the pipe.
  • the flexible pipe comprise at least one pressure armour layer.
  • the pressure armour can be made from metallic elongate members and in an embodiment the pressure armour comprises elongate members wound around the pipe with a winding angle of 55 to 89 degrees, such as up to 89.8 degrees in respect of the axis of the pipe.
  • flexible pipe comprise at least one tensile armour layer.
  • the tensile armour is made from metallic elongate members where the tensile armour the elongate members are wound around the pipe with a winding angle of 25 to 55 degrees, such as up to 65 degrees in respect of the axis of the pipe.
  • the flexible pipe comprise a carcass.
  • the carcass is located in the bore of the pipe and protects the internal pressure sheath against sudden pressure drop in the fluid transported in the pipe.
  • the carcass is preferably manufactured from metallic elongate members and the elongate members are wound with a winding angle of about 70 to about 89 degrees in respect of the axis of the pipe to form a tubular member in the bore of the pipe.
  • the invention also relates to a method for producing an unbonded flexible pipe for offshore transport of fluid comprising oil and gas.
  • the method comprises the step of providing an internal pressure sheath surrounded by an outer sheath such that an annulus is formed between the internal pressure sheath and the outer sheath, and further providing one or more steel armour layers in the annulus between the internal pressure sheath and the outer sheath.
  • the internal pressure sheath is provided by extruding a polymer liner and wind metal tape and polymer tape around the extruded polymer liner, wherein said metal tape having two substantially parallel metal tape side edges extending in the longitudinal direction of the metal tape and where a void is formed along these metal tape edges upon winding, said polymer tape having two substantially parallel polymer tape side edges extending in the longitudinal direction of the polymer tape and where a void is formed along these polymer tape edges upon winding.
  • the method comprises the step of filling at least a part of these voids with a pliable filler material.
  • the metal tape, the polymer tape and the pliable filler material are applied onto the surface of the extruded polymer liner in the same winding.
  • the method provides a simple and fast production of the flexible pipe
  • the method provides an embodiment where the metal tape, the polymer tape and the pliable filler material is applied onto the surface of the extruded polymer liner at a temperature in the range 18 to 80 °C.
  • the unbonded flexible pipe may comprise several layers. And further layers may be present in the pipe, the layers may be applied as tape or extruded layers, and serve as e.g. insulating layers, antiskid layers, antifriction layers or intermediate layers.
  • Figure 1 shows an unbonded flexible pipe
  • Figure 2 shows the principle of formation of an internal pressure sheath according to the invention
  • Figure 3 shows metal tape and polymer tape layer according to the invention
  • Figure 4 shows an embodiment of an internal pressure sheath according to the invention
  • Figure 5 shows an embodiment an internal pressure sheath according to the invention
  • Figure 6 shows an embodiment of an internal pressure sheath according to the invention.
  • the figures are not accurate in every detail but only sketches intended to the show the principles of the invention. Details which are not a part of the invention may have been omitted.
  • Figure 1 shows a conventional unbonded flexible pipe 1.
  • the pipe 1 shows a conventional unbonded flexible pipe 1.
  • the internal pressure sheath 3 comprises from the inside and outwards a carcass 2 to support the internal pressure sheath 3.
  • the internal pressure sheath 3 is surrounded by a pressure armour 4 and a first tensile armour 5 and a second tensile armour 6.
  • the outermost part of the pipe 1 is the outer sheath 7.
  • FIG. 2 shows the formation of an internal pressure sheath 30 according to the invention.
  • the internal pressure sheath 30 comprises an extruded polymer liner 10 which is wound with polymer tape 11 and metal tape 12.
  • the polymer tape 11 is adhered to the metal tape 12, thereby forming a single tape 13 to be wound around the extruded polymer liner 10.
  • Figure 3 shows the tape 13 wound around the extruded polymer liner 10 in figure 2.
  • the tape 13 comprises a polymer tape 11 and a metal tape which are glued together by a layer of glue 14.
  • the tape 13 comprising the polymer tape 11 and the metal tape 12, can easily be wound around the extruded polymer liner 10.
  • Figure 4 shows the internal pressure sheath 30 comprising the extruded polymer liner 10 on which the polymer tape 11 and the metal tape 12 are wound.
  • the voids between consecutive windings are filled with a pliable filler material 15.
  • Figure 5 shows an embodiment of the internal pressure sheath 30 in which the polymer tape 11 and the metal tape 12 are wound offset on the extruded polymer liner 10.
  • the voids formed between the windings of the polymer tape 11 are filled with a pliable filler material 15a, and the voids formed between the windings of the metal tape 12 are filled with pliable filler material 15b.
  • the pliable filler materials 15a and 15b are identical in this embodiment.
  • Figure 6 shows an embodiment in which the metal tape 12 is substantially S- shaped.
  • the polymer tape 11 is also S-shaped and the voids formed between consecutive windings are filled with a pliable filler material 15.
  • the extruded polymer liner 10, the polymer tape 11, the metal tape 12, and the pliable filler material 15 forms an internal pressure sheath which is surrounded by a pressure armour 21.
  • the unbonded flexible pipes according to the present invention may comprise several other layers and features which are not shown in the figures. Such features may be insulating layers and intermediate layers, end-fittings etc.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Rigid Pipes And Flexible Pipes (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un tuyau souple non collé pour le transport en haute mer (5) d'un fluide comprenant de l'huile et du gaz comprenant une gaine de pression interne entourée par une gaine externe, de telle sorte qu'un espace annulaire soit formé entre la gaine de pression interne et la gaine externe et au moins une couche de blindage en acier étant située dans l'espace annulaire entre la gaine de pression interne et la gaine externe. La gaine de pression interne (10) comprend un revêtement polymère extrudé enroulé avec des enroulements consécutifs de bande métallique et de bande polymère. La bande métallique comporte deux bords latéraux de bande métallique sensiblement parallèles s'étendant dans la direction longitudinale de la bande métallique et un vide étant formé le long de ces bords de bande métallique lors de l'enroulement. La bande polymère comporte deux bords latéraux (15) de bande polymère sensiblement parallèles s'étendant dans la direction longitudinale de la bande polymère et un vide étant formé le long de ces bords de bande polymère lors de l'enroulement. Au moins une partie des vides est remplie par un matériau de remplissage malléable.
PCT/EP2019/060592 2018-04-26 2019-04-25 Tuyau souple non collé et procédé de production d'un tuyau souple non collé WO2019207031A1 (fr)

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DKPA201800184 2018-04-26
DKPA201800184 2018-04-26

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US11112035B2 (en) 2019-03-28 2021-09-07 Trinity Bay Equipment Holdings, LLC System and method for securing fittings to flexible pipe
US11148904B2 (en) 2019-12-19 2021-10-19 Trinity Bay Equipment Holdings, LLC Expandable coil deployment system for drum assembly and method of using same
US11204114B2 (en) 2019-11-22 2021-12-21 Trinity Bay Equipment Holdings, LLC Reusable pipe fitting systems and methods
US11208257B2 (en) 2016-06-29 2021-12-28 Trinity Bay Equipment Holdings, LLC Pipe coil skid with side rails and method of use
US11231134B2 (en) 2014-09-30 2022-01-25 Trinity Bay Equipment Holdings, LLC Connector for pipes
US11231145B2 (en) 2015-11-02 2022-01-25 Trinity Bay Equipment Holdings, LLC Real time integrity monitoring of on-shore pipes
US11242948B2 (en) 2019-11-22 2022-02-08 Trinity Bay Equipment Holdings, LLC Potted pipe fitting systems and methods
US11378207B2 (en) 2019-11-22 2022-07-05 Trinity Bay Equipment Holdings, LLC Swaged pipe fitting systems and methods
US11407559B2 (en) 2018-02-01 2022-08-09 Trinity Bay Equipment Holdings, LLC Pipe coil skid with side rails and method of use
US11453568B2 (en) 2017-08-21 2022-09-27 Trinity Bay Equipment Holdings, LLC System and method for a flexible pipe containment sled
US11492241B2 (en) 2016-06-28 2022-11-08 Trinity Bay Equipment Holdings, LLC Half-moon lifting device
US11499653B2 (en) 2020-02-17 2022-11-15 Trinity Bay Equipment Holdings, LLC Methods and apparatus for pulling flexible pipe
US11512796B2 (en) 2018-02-22 2022-11-29 Trinity Bay Equipment Holdings, LLC System and method for deploying coils of spoolable pipe
US11548755B2 (en) 2019-02-15 2023-01-10 Trinity Bay Equipment Holdings, LLC Flexible pipe handling system and method of using same
US11560080B2 (en) 2016-10-10 2023-01-24 Trinity Bay Equipment Holdings, LLC Installation trailer for coiled flexible pipe and method of utilizing same
US11613443B2 (en) 2019-11-01 2023-03-28 Trinity Bay Equipment Holdings, LLC Mobile cradle frame for pipe reel
US11643000B2 (en) 2018-10-12 2023-05-09 Trinity Bay Equipment Holdings, LLC Installation trailer for coiled flexible pipe and method of utilizing same
US11644136B2 (en) 2008-06-09 2023-05-09 Trinity Bay Equipment Holdings, LLC Flexible pipe joint
US11667492B2 (en) 2016-10-10 2023-06-06 Trinity Bay Equipment Holdings, LLC Expandable drum assembly for deploying coiled pipe and method of using same
US11767192B2 (en) 2017-11-01 2023-09-26 Trinity Bay Equipment Holdings, LLC System and method for handling reel of pipe
US12000512B2 (en) 2011-10-04 2024-06-04 Trinity Bay Equipment Holdings, LLC Pipe end fitting with improved venting

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Cited By (24)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11644136B2 (en) 2008-06-09 2023-05-09 Trinity Bay Equipment Holdings, LLC Flexible pipe joint
US12000512B2 (en) 2011-10-04 2024-06-04 Trinity Bay Equipment Holdings, LLC Pipe end fitting with improved venting
US11231134B2 (en) 2014-09-30 2022-01-25 Trinity Bay Equipment Holdings, LLC Connector for pipes
US11231145B2 (en) 2015-11-02 2022-01-25 Trinity Bay Equipment Holdings, LLC Real time integrity monitoring of on-shore pipes
US11680685B2 (en) 2015-11-02 2023-06-20 Trinity Bay Equipment Holdings, LLC Real time integrity monitoring of on-shore pipes
US11492241B2 (en) 2016-06-28 2022-11-08 Trinity Bay Equipment Holdings, LLC Half-moon lifting device
US11208257B2 (en) 2016-06-29 2021-12-28 Trinity Bay Equipment Holdings, LLC Pipe coil skid with side rails and method of use
US12043514B2 (en) 2016-10-10 2024-07-23 Trinity Bay Equipment Holdings, LLC Expandable drum assembly for deploying coiled pipe and method of using same
US11667492B2 (en) 2016-10-10 2023-06-06 Trinity Bay Equipment Holdings, LLC Expandable drum assembly for deploying coiled pipe and method of using same
US11560080B2 (en) 2016-10-10 2023-01-24 Trinity Bay Equipment Holdings, LLC Installation trailer for coiled flexible pipe and method of utilizing same
US11453568B2 (en) 2017-08-21 2022-09-27 Trinity Bay Equipment Holdings, LLC System and method for a flexible pipe containment sled
US11767192B2 (en) 2017-11-01 2023-09-26 Trinity Bay Equipment Holdings, LLC System and method for handling reel of pipe
US11407559B2 (en) 2018-02-01 2022-08-09 Trinity Bay Equipment Holdings, LLC Pipe coil skid with side rails and method of use
US11512796B2 (en) 2018-02-22 2022-11-29 Trinity Bay Equipment Holdings, LLC System and method for deploying coils of spoolable pipe
US11643000B2 (en) 2018-10-12 2023-05-09 Trinity Bay Equipment Holdings, LLC Installation trailer for coiled flexible pipe and method of utilizing same
US12030421B2 (en) 2018-10-12 2024-07-09 Trinity Bay Equipment Holdings, LLC Installation trailer for coiled flexible pipe and method of utilizing same
US11548755B2 (en) 2019-02-15 2023-01-10 Trinity Bay Equipment Holdings, LLC Flexible pipe handling system and method of using same
US11112035B2 (en) 2019-03-28 2021-09-07 Trinity Bay Equipment Holdings, LLC System and method for securing fittings to flexible pipe
US11613443B2 (en) 2019-11-01 2023-03-28 Trinity Bay Equipment Holdings, LLC Mobile cradle frame for pipe reel
US11378207B2 (en) 2019-11-22 2022-07-05 Trinity Bay Equipment Holdings, LLC Swaged pipe fitting systems and methods
US11242948B2 (en) 2019-11-22 2022-02-08 Trinity Bay Equipment Holdings, LLC Potted pipe fitting systems and methods
US11204114B2 (en) 2019-11-22 2021-12-21 Trinity Bay Equipment Holdings, LLC Reusable pipe fitting systems and methods
US11148904B2 (en) 2019-12-19 2021-10-19 Trinity Bay Equipment Holdings, LLC Expandable coil deployment system for drum assembly and method of using same
US11499653B2 (en) 2020-02-17 2022-11-15 Trinity Bay Equipment Holdings, LLC Methods and apparatus for pulling flexible pipe

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