WO2019240050A1 - 符号化装置、復号装置、符号化方法および復号方法 - Google Patents
符号化装置、復号装置、符号化方法および復号方法 Download PDFInfo
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Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to an encoding device that encodes a moving image including a plurality of pictures.
- H.C. High Efficiency Video Coding
- H.265 exists (Non-Patent Document 1).
- the present disclosure provides a code that can reduce the amount of processing in a secondary transform process that is further applied to a transform coefficient obtained by applying a primary transform process to a prediction residual signal by an encoding device or the like. Providing a device and the like.
- An encoding apparatus includes a circuit and a memory, and the circuit uses the memory to predict a residual in a processing target block among a plurality of blocks having a plurality of block sizes.
- a conversion process is applied to the transform coefficient obtained by applying a primary transform to the signal, and a secondary transform having a common block size is applied to the plurality of blocks.
- a transform is performed.
- One conversion base is selected from a group of candidates that are composed of one or more base candidates and differ according to the block size of the processing target block.
- the encoding apparatus and the like according to an aspect of the present disclosure can reduce the processing amount as compared with the conventional case in the secondary transform that is further applied to the transform coefficient obtained by applying the primary transform to the prediction residual signal.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a functional configuration of the encoding apparatus according to the embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a flowchart illustrating an example of the overall encoding process performed by the encoding apparatus.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example of block division.
- FIG. 4A is a diagram illustrating an example of a slice configuration.
- FIG. 4B is a diagram illustrating an example of a tile configuration.
- FIG. 5A is a table showing conversion basis functions corresponding to each conversion type.
- FIG. 5B is a diagram illustrating SVT (Spatially Varying Transform).
- FIG. 6A is a diagram illustrating an example of the shape of a filter used in ALF (adaptive loop filter).
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a functional configuration of the encoding apparatus according to the embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a flowchart illustrating an example of the overall encoding process performed by the encoding apparatus.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an
- FIG. 6B is a diagram illustrating another example of the shape of a filter used in ALF.
- FIG. 6C is a diagram illustrating another example of the shape of a filter used in ALF.
- FIG. 7 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a detailed configuration of a loop filter unit that functions as a DBF.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating an example of a deblocking filter having filter characteristics that are symmetric with respect to a block boundary.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram for explaining a block boundary where deblocking filter processing is performed.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating an example of the Bs value.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating an example of processing performed by the prediction processing unit of the encoding device.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating an example of processing performed by the prediction processing unit of the encoding device.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating another example of processing performed by the prediction processing unit of the encoding device.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating another example of processing performed in the prediction processing unit of the encoding device.
- FIG. 14 is a diagram illustrating an example of 67 intra prediction modes in intra prediction.
- FIG. 15 is a flowchart illustrating a basic process flow of inter prediction.
- FIG. 16 is a flowchart illustrating an example of motion vector derivation.
- FIG. 17 is a flowchart showing another example of motion vector derivation.
- FIG. 18 is a flowchart showing another example of motion vector derivation.
- FIG. 19 is a flowchart illustrating an example of inter prediction in the normal inter mode.
- FIG. 20 is a flowchart illustrating an example of inter prediction in the merge mode.
- FIG. 21 is a diagram for explaining an example of motion vector derivation processing in the merge mode.
- FIG. 22 is a flowchart illustrating an example of FRUC (frame rate up conversion).
- FIG. 23 is a diagram for explaining an example of pattern matching (bilateral matching) between two blocks along a motion trajectory.
- FIG. 24 is a diagram for explaining an example of pattern matching (template matching) between a template in the current picture and a block in the reference picture.
- FIG. 25A is a diagram for describing an example of deriving motion vectors in units of sub-blocks based on motion vectors of a plurality of adjacent blocks.
- FIG. 25B is a diagram for explaining an example of deriving a motion vector in units of sub-blocks in an affine mode having three control points.
- FIG. 26A is a conceptual diagram for explaining the affine merge mode.
- FIG. 26B is a conceptual diagram for explaining an affine merge mode having two control points.
- FIG. 26C is a conceptual diagram for explaining an affine merge mode having three control points.
- FIG. 27 is a flowchart illustrating an example of processing in the affine merge mode.
- FIG. 28A is a diagram for explaining an affine inter mode having two control points.
- FIG. 28B is a diagram for explaining an affine inter mode having three control points.
- FIG. 29 is a flowchart illustrating an example of affine inter-mode processing.
- FIG. 30A is a diagram for explaining an affine inter mode in which a current block has three control points and an adjacent block has two control points.
- FIG. 30A is a diagram for explaining an affine inter mode in which a current block has three control points and an adjacent block has two control points.
- FIG. 30A is a diagram for explaining an affine inter mode in
- FIG. 30B is a diagram for describing an affine inter mode in which a current block has two control points and an adjacent block has three control points.
- FIG. 31A is a diagram illustrating a relationship between a merge mode and DMVR (dynamic motion vector refreshing).
- FIG. 31B is a conceptual diagram for explaining an example of the DMVR processing.
- FIG. 32 is a flowchart illustrating an example of generation of a predicted image.
- FIG. 33 is a flowchart illustrating another example of generation of a predicted image.
- FIG. 34 is a flowchart illustrating yet another example of generating a predicted image.
- FIG. 35 is a flowchart for explaining an example of a predicted image correction process by an OBMC (overlapped block motion compensation) process.
- FIG. 36 is a conceptual diagram for explaining an example of the predicted image correction process by the OBMC process.
- FIG. 37 is a diagram for explaining generation of prediction images of two triangles.
- FIG. 38 is a diagram for explaining a model assuming constant velocity linear motion.
- FIG. 39 is a diagram for explaining an example of a predicted image generation method using luminance correction processing by LIC (local illumination compensation) processing.
- FIG. 40 is a block diagram illustrating an implementation example of an encoding device.
- FIG. 41 is a block diagram illustrating a functional configuration of the decoding apparatus according to the embodiment.
- FIG. 42 is a flowchart illustrating an example of the overall decoding process performed by the decoding device.
- FIG. 43 is a diagram illustrating an example of processing performed in the prediction processing unit of the decoding device.
- FIG. 44 is a diagram illustrating another example of processing performed in the prediction processing unit of the decoding device.
- FIG. 45 is a flowchart illustrating an example of inter prediction in the normal inter mode in the decoding device.
- FIG. 46 is a block diagram illustrating an implementation example of a decoding device.
- FIG. 47 is a diagram for explaining the secondary conversion processing in the embodiment.
- FIG. 48 is a flowchart illustrating a processing procedure in the conversion unit of the encoding device according to the embodiment.
- FIG. 49A is a table showing an example of the processing amount necessary for the primary conversion processing of the entire CTU in the embodiment.
- FIG. 49B is a table showing an example of a processing amount necessary for the secondary conversion processing of the entire CTU in the embodiment.
- FIG. 49A is a table showing an example of the processing amount necessary for the primary conversion processing of the entire CTU in the embodiment.
- FIG. 49B is a table showing an example of a processing amount necessary for the secondary conversion processing of the entire CTU in
- FIG. 50 is a table illustrating a first example in the embodiment.
- FIG. 51 is a table illustrating a second example of the embodiment.
- FIG. 52 is a table illustrating a third example of the embodiment.
- FIG. 53 is a table illustrating a fourth example of the embodiment.
- FIG. 54 is a flowchart illustrating an operation example of the encoding device according to the embodiment.
- FIG. 55 is a flowchart illustrating an operation example of the decoding device according to the embodiment.
- FIG. 56 is an overall configuration diagram of a content supply system that implements a content distribution service.
- FIG. 57 is a diagram illustrating an example of a coding structure at the time of scalable coding.
- FIG. 58 is a diagram illustrating an example of a coding structure at the time of scalable coding.
- FIG. 59 is a diagram showing an example of a web page display screen.
- FIG. 60 shows an example of a web page display screen.
- FIG. 61 is a diagram illustrating an example of a smartphone.
- FIG. 62 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration example of a smartphone.
- an encoding device or the like may perform a secondary transform that performs a transform such as an orthogonal transform on a transform coefficient obtained by applying a primary transform to a prediction residual signal.
- the encoding apparatus or the like can apply secondary transforms having a plurality of block sizes to transform coefficients obtained by applying the primary transform to the prediction residual signal.
- an encoding apparatus includes a circuit and a memory, and the circuit uses the memory to process a target block among a plurality of blocks having a plurality of block sizes. Further, a transform process that applies a secondary transform having a common block size to the plurality of blocks is further performed on the transform coefficient obtained by applying a primary transform to the prediction residual signal, and a secondary block having the common block size is performed. In the conversion, one of the conversion bases is selected, and one conversion base is selected from different candidate groups according to the block size of the processing target block.
- the encoding apparatus selects a candidate of a transform base that is more appropriate than before when applying a secondary transform having a common block size to the process target block, and selects the selected transform base as the process target block. Candidates can be applied. Therefore, the encoding apparatus can reduce the amount of codes in the secondary conversion process compared to the conventional case.
- the transformation base of the second transformation with the common block size is a 4 ⁇ 4 square.
- the encoding apparatus can select a transform base having a minimum size when applying a secondary transform having a common block size to the processing target block.
- the transformation base of the secondary transformation of the common block size is an 8 ⁇ 8 square.
- the decoding apparatus can select a transform base having an appropriate size when applying a secondary transform having a common block size to the processing target block.
- the encoding device may include a common candidate for the transform base in the secondary transform with respect to the processing target block having a part of the plurality of block sizes. Are assigned to the candidate group.
- the encoding apparatus can reduce the processing amount as compared with the conventional art.
- the encoding apparatus can reduce the amount of processing by performing a secondary conversion by assigning a common base to a 16 ⁇ 16 processing target block and a 32 ⁇ 32 processing target block.
- the encoding apparatus determines that the secondary transform is not applied to the transform coefficient when the block size of the processing target block is equal to or smaller than a predetermined block size, When the block size of the processing target block is larger than a predetermined block size, it is determined that the secondary transformation is applied to the transformation coefficient.
- the encoding device reduces the processing amount in the conversion process compared to the conventional method by not performing the secondary conversion when the processing target block has a block size that increases the processing amount in the secondary conversion. can do.
- the predetermined block size is a 4 ⁇ 4 square.
- the encoding apparatus performs the conversion process by not performing the secondary conversion when the processing target block on which the conversion process is performed has a 4 ⁇ 4 block size that increases the amount of processing in the secondary conversion. It is possible to reduce the amount of processing in the conventional method.
- the predetermined block size is a 4 ⁇ 8 or 8 ⁇ 4 rectangle.
- the encoding device does not perform the secondary conversion when the processing target block on which the conversion process is performed has a 4 ⁇ 8 or 8 ⁇ 4 block size that increases the amount of processing in the secondary conversion.
- the processing amount in the conversion process can be reduced as compared with the conventional case.
- the predetermined block size is equal to a minimum block size among one or more block sizes that can be selected in the secondary transformation.
- the encoding device can perform the secondary conversion when the processing target block on which the conversion process is performed has a block size that maximizes the amount of processing in the secondary conversion among the sizes selectable by the encoding device.
- the processing amount in the conversion process can be reduced as compared with the conventional case.
- a decoding device includes a circuit and a memory, and the circuit uses the memory in a processing target block among a plurality of blocks having a plurality of block sizes.
- the transform coefficient obtained by applying a quadratic transform having a common block size to the plurality of blocks is further subjected to an inverse transform process that applies a primary transform to the transform coefficient signal, and the common block size secondary transform is performed.
- one of the conversion bases is selected, and one of the conversion bases is selected from different candidate groups according to the block size of the processing target block.
- the decoding apparatus selects a suitable transformation base candidate than the conventional one when applying a secondary transformation having a common block size to the processing target block, and selects the selected transformation base for the processing target block. Candidates can be applied. Therefore, the decoding apparatus can reduce the amount of codes compared to the conventional method in the secondary conversion process.
- the transformation base of the second transformation with the common block size is a 4 ⁇ 4 square.
- the decoding apparatus can select a transform base having a minimum size when applying a secondary transform having a common block size to the processing target block.
- the transformation base of the second transformation with the common block size is an 8 ⁇ 8 square.
- the decoding apparatus can select a transform base having an appropriate size when applying a secondary transform having a common block size to the processing target block.
- the decoding device determines a common candidate for the transform base in the secondary transform for a part of the processing target block among the plurality of block sizes. Assign to the candidate group.
- the decoding device can reduce the processing amount as compared with the conventional case.
- the decoding apparatus can reduce the amount of processing by assigning a common base to a 16 ⁇ 16 processing target block and a 32 ⁇ 32 processing target block and performing secondary transformation.
- the decoding device determines that the secondary transform is not applied to the transform coefficient when the block size of the processing target block is equal to or smaller than a predetermined block size, and When the block size of the processing target block is larger than a predetermined block size, it is determined that the secondary transformation is applied to the transformation coefficient.
- the decoding device does not perform the secondary conversion when the processing target block on which the conversion process is performed has a block size that increases the processing amount in the secondary conversion, thereby reducing the processing amount in the conversion process. It can be reduced more than before.
- the predetermined block size is a 4 ⁇ 4 square.
- the decoding device does not perform the secondary conversion when the processing target block on which the conversion process is performed has a 4 ⁇ 4 block size that increases the amount of processing in the secondary conversion.
- the amount of processing can be reduced as compared with the prior art.
- the predetermined block size is a 4 ⁇ 8 or 8 ⁇ 4 rectangle.
- the decoding device does not perform the secondary conversion when the processing target block on which the conversion process is performed has a block size of 4 ⁇ 8 or 8 ⁇ 4 that increases the amount of processing in the secondary conversion.
- the amount of processing in the conversion process can be reduced as compared with the prior art.
- the predetermined block size is equal to a minimum block size among one or more block sizes that can be selected in the secondary transformation.
- the decoding device does not perform the secondary conversion when the processing size in the secondary conversion is the largest among the sizes selectable by the decoding device, thereby reducing the processing amount in the conversion processing. It can be reduced more than before.
- the encoding method provides a transform coefficient obtained by applying a primary transform to a prediction residual signal in a processing target block among a plurality of blocks having a plurality of block sizes. Further, a conversion process is applied to apply a secondary transformation having a common block size to the plurality of blocks, and the secondary transformation having the common block size includes one or more candidates of transformation bases, and the processing target block One conversion base is selected from different candidate groups according to the block size.
- the encoding method can achieve the same effect as the above encoding apparatus.
- a secondary transform having a block size common to the plurality of blocks with respect to the transform coefficient signal is performed in a processing target block among a plurality of blocks having a plurality of block sizes.
- an inverse transformation process that applies a primary transformation is further performed on the transformation coefficient to which is applied, and in the secondary transformation of the common block size, the transformation coefficient is composed of one or more candidates of transformation bases, and One transformation base is selected from different candidate groups according to the block size.
- the decoding method can achieve the same effect as the above decoding apparatus.
- an encoding device includes a dividing unit, an intra prediction unit, an inter prediction unit, a loop filter unit, a conversion unit, a quantization unit, and an entropy encoding unit. You may prepare.
- the dividing unit may divide a picture into a plurality of blocks.
- the intra prediction unit may perform intra prediction on blocks included in the plurality of blocks.
- the inter prediction unit may perform inter prediction on the block.
- the conversion unit may generate a conversion coefficient by converting a prediction error between a predicted image obtained by the intra prediction or the inter prediction and an original image.
- the quantization unit may quantize the transform coefficient to generate a quantization coefficient.
- the entropy encoding unit may generate an encoded bitstream by encoding the quantization coefficient.
- the loop filter unit may apply a filter to the reconstructed image of the block.
- the encoding device may be an encoding device that encodes a moving image including a plurality of pictures.
- the transform unit further applies a block common to the plurality of blocks to a transform coefficient obtained by applying a primary transform to the prediction residual signal in a processing target block among the plurality of blocks having a plurality of block sizes.
- a transformation process that applies a secondary transformation of size is performed.
- the secondary transformation of the common block size one or more candidates of transformation bases are formed, and different candidate groups differ according to the block size of the processing target block.
- One of the transformation bases may be selected from among them.
- the decoding device may include an entropy decoding unit, an inverse quantization unit, an inverse transform unit, an intra prediction unit, an inter prediction unit, and a loop filter unit. .
- the entropy decoding unit may decode the quantization coefficient of the block in the picture from the encoded bit stream.
- the inverse quantization unit may obtain the transform coefficient by inverse quantization of the quantization coefficient.
- the inverse transform unit may inversely transform the transform coefficient to obtain a prediction error.
- the intra prediction unit may perform intra prediction on the block.
- the inter prediction unit may perform inter prediction on the block.
- the filter unit may apply a filter to a reconstructed image generated using a prediction image obtained by the intra prediction or the inter prediction and the prediction error.
- the decoding device may be a decoding device that decodes a moving image including a plurality of pictures.
- the inverse transform unit applies a transform coefficient obtained by applying a secondary transform having a block size common to the plurality of blocks to a transform coefficient signal in a processing target block among the plurality of blocks having a plurality of block sizes.
- an inverse transformation process that applies a primary transformation is performed, and in the secondary transformation of the common block size, a candidate group that is configured by one or more candidates of transformation bases and varies depending on the block size of the processing target block One of the transformation bases may be selected from the list.
- these comprehensive or specific aspects may be realized by a system, an apparatus, a method, an integrated circuit, a computer program, or a non-transitory recording medium such as a computer-readable CD-ROM.
- the present invention may be realized by any combination of an apparatus, a method, an integrated circuit, a computer program, and a recording medium.
- Embodiments are examples of an encoding device and a decoding device to which the processing and / or configuration described in each aspect of the present disclosure can be applied.
- the processing and / or configuration can be implemented in an encoding device and a decoding device different from the embodiment.
- any of the following may be performed.
- Some of the plurality of components constituting the encoding device or the decoding device of the embodiment may be combined with the components described in any of the aspects of the present disclosure. , Which may be combined with a component having a part of the function described in any of the aspects of the present disclosure, or a component that performs a part of processing performed by the component described in each aspect of the present disclosure May be combined.
- a component that includes a part of the functions of the encoding device or the decoding device according to the embodiment or a component that performs a part of the processing of the encoding device or the decoding device according to the embodiment A component described in any of the aspects, a component having a part of the function described in any of the aspects of the present disclosure, or a part of the processing described in any of the aspects of the present disclosure It may be combined or replaced with the components to be implemented.
- any of the plurality of processes included in the method is the same as or similar to the process described in each aspect of the present disclosure It may be replaced or combined with any process.
- a part of the plurality of processes included in the method performed by the encoding apparatus or the decoding apparatus according to the embodiment may be combined with the process described in any of the aspects of the present disclosure. .
- Methods and / or configurations described in each aspect of the present disclosure are not limited to the encoding device or the decoding device according to the embodiment.
- the processing and / or configuration may be performed in an apparatus used for a purpose different from the video encoding or video decoding disclosed in the embodiments.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a functional configuration of encoding apparatus 100 according to the present embodiment.
- the encoding device 100 is a moving image encoding device that encodes a moving image in units of blocks.
- an encoding apparatus 100 is an apparatus that encodes an image in units of blocks, and includes a dividing unit 102, a subtracting unit 104, a transforming unit 106, a quantizing unit 108, and entropy encoding.
- Unit 110 inverse quantization unit 112, inverse transform unit 114, addition unit 116, block memory 118, loop filter unit 120, frame memory 122, intra prediction unit 124, inter prediction unit 126, A prediction control unit 128.
- the encoding device 100 is realized by, for example, a general-purpose processor and a memory.
- the processor when the software program stored in the memory is executed by the processor, the processor performs the division unit 102, the subtraction unit 104, the conversion unit 106, the quantization unit 108, the entropy encoding unit 110, and the inverse quantization unit 112.
- the encoding apparatus 100 includes a dividing unit 102, a subtracting unit 104, a transforming unit 106, a quantizing unit 108, an entropy coding unit 110, an inverse quantizing unit 112, an inverse transforming unit 114, an adding unit 116, and a loop filter unit 120.
- the intra prediction unit 124, the inter prediction unit 126, and the prediction control unit 128 may be implemented as one or more dedicated electronic circuits.
- FIG. 2 is a flowchart illustrating an example of the overall encoding process performed by the encoding apparatus 100.
- the dividing unit 102 of the encoding device 100 divides each picture included in the input image, which is a moving image, into a plurality of fixed size blocks (128 ⁇ 128 pixels) (step Sa_1).
- the dividing unit 102 selects a division pattern (also referred to as a block shape) for the fixed-size block (step Sa_2). That is, the dividing unit 102 further divides the fixed size block into a plurality of blocks constituting the selected division pattern.
- the encoding apparatus 100 performs the processes of steps Sa_3 to Sa_9 for each of the plurality of blocks (that is, the encoding target block).
- a prediction processing unit including all or part of the intra prediction unit 124, the inter prediction unit 126, and the prediction control unit 128 generates a prediction signal (also referred to as a prediction block) of a coding target block (also referred to as a current block). (Step Sa_3).
- the subtraction unit 104 generates a difference between the encoding target block and the prediction block as a prediction residual (also referred to as a difference block) (step Sa_4).
- the conversion unit 106 and the quantization unit 108 generate a plurality of quantization coefficients by performing conversion and quantization on the difference block (step Sa_5).
- a block composed of a plurality of quantized coefficients is also referred to as a coefficient block.
- the entropy encoding unit 110 generates an encoded signal by performing encoding (specifically entropy encoding) on the coefficient block and a prediction parameter related to the generation of the prediction signal (step S100). Sa_6).
- the encoded signal is also referred to as an encoded bit stream, a compressed bit stream, or a stream.
- the inverse quantization unit 112 and the inverse transform unit 114 restore a plurality of prediction residuals (that is, difference blocks) by performing inverse quantization and inverse transform on the coefficient block (step Sa_7).
- the adder 116 reconstructs the current block into a reconstructed image (also referred to as a reconstructed block or a decoded image block) by adding a prediction block to the restored difference block (step Sa_8). Thereby, a reconstructed image is generated.
- a reconstructed image also referred to as a reconstructed block or a decoded image block
- the loop filter unit 120 When the reconstructed image is generated, the loop filter unit 120 performs filtering on the reconstructed image as necessary (step Sa_9).
- step Sa_10 determines whether or not the encoding of the entire picture has been completed (step Sa_10), and when determining that it has not been completed (No in step Sa_10), repeatedly performs the processing from step Sa_2. To do.
- the encoding apparatus 100 selects one division pattern for a fixed-size block and encodes each block according to the division pattern, but according to each of the plurality of division patterns. You may encode each block. In this case, the encoding apparatus 100 evaluates the cost for each of the plurality of division patterns, and, for example, finally outputs an encoded signal obtained by encoding according to the division pattern having the lowest cost. It may be selected as an activation signal.
- steps Sa_1 to Sa_10 may be performed sequentially by the encoding apparatus 100, and some of the processing may be performed in parallel, and the order may be changed. May be.
- the dividing unit 102 divides each picture included in the input moving image into a plurality of blocks, and outputs each block to the subtracting unit 104. For example, the dividing unit 102 first divides a picture into blocks of a fixed size (for example, 128 ⁇ 128). This fixed size block may be referred to as a coding tree unit (CTU). Then, the dividing unit 102 divides each fixed-size block into blocks of variable size (for example, 64 ⁇ 64 or less) based on, for example, recursive quadtree and / or binary tree block division. To do. That is, the dividing unit 102 selects a division pattern.
- a fixed size for example, 128 ⁇ 128
- This fixed size block may be referred to as a coding tree unit (CTU).
- CTU coding tree unit
- the dividing unit 102 divides each fixed-size block into blocks of variable size (for example, 64 ⁇ 64 or less) based on, for example, recursive quadtree
- This variable size block may be referred to as a coding unit (CU), a prediction unit (PU) or a transform unit (TU).
- CU, PU, and TU do not need to be distinguished, and some or all blocks in a picture may be a processing unit of CU, PU, and TU.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example of block division in the present embodiment.
- a solid line represents a block boundary by quadtree block division
- a broken line represents a block boundary by binary tree block division.
- the block 10 is a 128 ⁇ 128 pixel square block (128 ⁇ 128 block).
- the 128 ⁇ 128 block 10 is first divided into four square 64 ⁇ 64 blocks (quadtree block division).
- the upper left 64 ⁇ 64 block is further divided vertically into two rectangular 32 ⁇ 64 blocks, and the left 32 ⁇ 64 block is further divided vertically into two rectangular 16 ⁇ 64 blocks (binary tree block division). As a result, the upper left 64 ⁇ 64 block is divided into two 16 ⁇ 64 blocks 11 and 12 and a 32 ⁇ 64 block 13.
- the upper right 64 ⁇ 64 block is horizontally divided into two rectangular 64 ⁇ 32 blocks 14 and 15 (binary tree block division).
- the lower left 64x64 block is divided into four square 32x32 blocks (quadrant block division). Of the four 32 ⁇ 32 blocks, the upper left block and the lower right block are further divided.
- the upper left 32 ⁇ 32 block is vertically divided into two rectangular 16 ⁇ 32 blocks, and the right 16 ⁇ 32 block is further divided horizontally into two 16 ⁇ 16 blocks (binary tree block division).
- the lower right 32 ⁇ 32 block is horizontally divided into two 32 ⁇ 16 blocks (binary tree block division).
- the lower left 64 ⁇ 64 block is divided into a 16 ⁇ 32 block 16, two 16 ⁇ 16 blocks 17 and 18, two 32 ⁇ 32 blocks 19 and 20, and two 32 ⁇ 16 blocks 21 and 22.
- the lower right 64x64 block 23 is not divided.
- the block 10 is divided into 13 variable-size blocks 11 to 23 based on the recursive quadtree and binary tree block division.
- Such division may be called QTBT (quad-tree plus binary tree) division.
- one block is divided into four or two blocks (quadrature tree or binary tree block division), but the division is not limited to these.
- one block may be divided into three blocks (triple tree block division).
- Such a division including a tri-tree block division may be called an MBT (multi type tree) division.
- the pictures may be configured in units of slices or tiles.
- a picture composed of slice units or tile units may be configured by the dividing unit 102.
- a slice is a basic encoding unit that constitutes a picture.
- a picture is composed of, for example, one or more slices.
- a slice is composed of one or more continuous CTUs (Coding Tree Units).
- FIG. 4A is a diagram showing an example of a slice configuration.
- a picture includes 11 ⁇ 8 CTUs and is divided into four slices (slices 1-4).
- Slice 1 is composed of 16 CTUs
- slice 2 is composed of 21 CTUs
- slice 3 is composed of 29 CTUs
- slice 4 is composed of 22 CTUs.
- each CTU in the picture belongs to one of the slices.
- the slice shape is obtained by dividing the picture in the horizontal direction.
- the boundary of the slice does not need to be the edge of the screen, and may be anywhere within the boundary of the CTU in the screen.
- the processing order (encoding order or decoding order) of CTUs in a slice is, for example, a raster scan order.
- the slice includes header information and encoded data.
- the header information may describe characteristics of the slice such as the CTU address and slice type of the head of the slice.
- a tile is a unit of a rectangular area constituting a picture. Each tile may be assigned a number called TileId in raster scan order.
- FIG. 4B is a diagram illustrating an example of a tile configuration.
- a picture includes 11 ⁇ 8 CTUs and is divided into four rectangular area tiles (tiles 1-4).
- the processing order of CTUs is changed compared to when tiles are not used. If tiles are not used, multiple CTUs in a picture are processed in raster scan order. If tiles are used, at least one CTU is processed in raster scan order in each of the plurality of tiles.
- the processing order of the plurality of CTUs included in tile 1 is from the left end of the first row of tile 1 to the right end of the first row of tile 1, and then the left end of the second row of tile 1 To the right end of the second row of tile 1.
- one tile may include one or more slices, and one slice may include one or more tiles.
- the subtraction unit 104 subtracts a prediction signal (a prediction sample input from the prediction control unit 128 shown below) from the original signal (original sample) in units of blocks input from the division unit 102 and divided by the division unit 102. . That is, the subtraction unit 104 calculates a prediction error (also referred to as a residual) of a coding target block (hereinafter referred to as a current block). Then, the subtraction unit 104 outputs the calculated prediction error (residual) to the conversion unit 106.
- a prediction signal a prediction sample input from the prediction control unit 128 shown below
- the original signal is an input signal of the encoding device 100, and is a signal (for example, a luminance (luma) signal and two color difference (chroma) signals) representing an image of each picture constituting the moving image.
- a signal representing an image may be referred to as a sample.
- the transform unit 106 transforms the prediction error in the spatial domain into a transform factor in the frequency domain, and outputs the transform coefficient to the quantization unit 108. Specifically, the transform unit 106 performs, for example, a predetermined discrete cosine transform (DCT) or discrete sine transform (DST) on a prediction error in the spatial domain.
- DCT discrete cosine transform
- DST discrete sine transform
- the conversion unit 106 adaptively selects a conversion type from a plurality of conversion types, and converts a prediction error into a conversion coefficient using a conversion basis function corresponding to the selected conversion type. May be. Such a conversion may be referred to as EMT (explicit multiple core transform) or AMT (adaptive multiple transform).
- the plurality of conversion types include, for example, DCT-II, DCT-V, DCT-VIII, DST-I and DST-VII.
- FIG. 5A is a table showing conversion basis functions corresponding to each conversion type.
- N indicates the number of input pixels. Selection of a conversion type from among these multiple conversion types may depend on, for example, the type of prediction (intra prediction and inter prediction), or may depend on an intra prediction mode.
- EMT flag or AMT flag Information indicating whether or not to apply such EMT or AMT
- information indicating the selected conversion type are usually signaled at the CU level.
- the signalization of these pieces of information need not be limited to the CU level, but may be another level (for example, a bit sequence level, a picture level, a slice level, a tile level, or a CTU level).
- the conversion unit 106 may reconvert the conversion coefficient (conversion result). Such reconversion is sometimes referred to as AST (adaptive secondary transform) or NSST (non-separable secondary transform). For example, the conversion unit 106 performs re-conversion for each sub-block (for example, 4 ⁇ 4 sub-block) included in the block of the conversion coefficient corresponding to the intra prediction error.
- Information indicating whether or not to apply NSST and information related to the transformation matrix used for NSST are usually signaled at the CU level. Note that the signalization of these pieces of information need not be limited to the CU level, but may be other levels (for example, a sequence level, a picture level, a slice level, a tile level, or a CTU level).
- Separable conversion and Non-Separable conversion may be applied to the conversion unit 106.
- the separable conversion is a method in which the number of dimensions of the input is separated in each direction and the conversion is performed a plurality of times.
- the non-separable conversion is the conversion of two or more dimensions when the input is multidimensional. This is a method in which conversion is performed collectively by regarding them as one-dimensional.
- non-separable conversion if an input is a 4 ⁇ 4 block, it is regarded as one array having 16 elements, and a 16 ⁇ 16 conversion matrix is applied to the array. And the like that perform the conversion process.
- a 4 ⁇ 4 input block is regarded as one array having 16 elements, and then a conversion that performs a Givens rotation on the array multiple times (Hypercube) (Givens Transform) may be performed.
- Hypercube Givens rotation on the array multiple times
- the base type to be converted into the frequency domain can be switched according to the area in the CU.
- An example is SVT (Spatially Varying Transform).
- SVT spatialally Varying Transform
- the CU is divided into two equal parts in the horizontal or vertical direction, and only one of the regions is converted into the frequency region.
- the type of conversion base can be set for each region, and for example, DST7 and DCT8 are used. In this example, only one of the two areas in the CU is converted and the other is not converted, but the two areas may be converted together.
- the division method can be made more flexible, for example, by dividing into not only two equal parts but also four equal parts or separately indicating information indicating the division and signaling in the same manner as the CU division.
- the SVT is sometimes called SBT (Sub-block Transform).
- the quantization unit 108 quantizes the transform coefficient output from the transform unit 106. Specifically, the quantization unit 108 scans the transform coefficients of the current block in a predetermined scanning order, and quantizes the transform coefficients based on the quantization parameter (QP) corresponding to the scanned transform coefficients. Then, the quantization unit 108 outputs the quantized transform coefficient (hereinafter referred to as a quantization coefficient) of the current block to the entropy encoding unit 110 and the inverse quantization unit 112.
- QP quantization parameter
- the predetermined scanning order is an order for transform coefficient quantization / inverse quantization.
- the predetermined scanning order is defined in ascending order of frequency (order from low frequency to high frequency) or descending order (order from high frequency to low frequency).
- the quantization parameter is a parameter that defines a quantization step (quantization width). For example, if the value of the quantization parameter increases, the quantization step also increases. That is, if the value of the quantization parameter increases, the quantization error increases.
- Quantization matrix may be used for quantization.
- quantization matrices may be used corresponding to frequency transform sizes such as 4 ⁇ 4 and 8 ⁇ 8, prediction modes such as intra prediction and inter prediction, and pixel components such as luminance and color difference.
- Quantization means digitizing a value sampled at a predetermined interval in association with a predetermined level. In this technical field, expressions such as rounding, rounding, and scaling are used. There is also.
- a method of using a quantization matrix there are a method of using a quantization matrix set directly on the encoding device side and a method of using a default quantization matrix (default matrix).
- default matrix default matrix
- the quantization matrix may be specified by, for example, SPS (sequence parameter set: Sequence Parameter Set) or PPS (picture parameter set: Picture Parameter Set).
- SPS includes parameters used for sequences
- PPS includes parameters used for pictures.
- SPS and PPS are sometimes simply referred to as parameter sets.
- the entropy encoding unit 110 generates an encoded signal (encoded bit stream) based on the quantization coefficient input from the quantization unit 108. Specifically, the entropy encoding unit 110, for example, binarizes the quantization coefficient, arithmetically encodes the binary signal, and outputs a compressed bit stream or sequence.
- the inverse quantization unit 112 performs inverse quantization on the quantization coefficient input from the quantization unit 108. Specifically, the inverse quantization unit 112 inversely quantizes the quantization coefficient of the current block in a predetermined scanning order. Then, the inverse quantization unit 112 outputs the inverse-quantized transform coefficient of the current block to the inverse transform unit 114.
- the inverse transform unit 114 restores a prediction error (residual) by performing inverse transform on the transform coefficient input from the inverse quantization unit 112. Specifically, the inverse transform unit 114 restores the prediction error of the current block by performing an inverse transform corresponding to the transform by the transform unit 106 on the transform coefficient. Then, the inverse transformation unit 114 outputs the restored prediction error to the addition unit 116.
- the restored prediction error usually does not match the prediction error calculated by the subtraction unit 104 because information is lost due to quantization.
- the restored prediction error usually includes a quantization error.
- the addition unit 116 reconstructs the current block by adding the prediction error input from the inverse conversion unit 114 and the prediction sample input from the prediction control unit 128. Then, the adding unit 116 outputs the reconfigured block to the block memory 118 and the loop filter unit 120.
- the reconstructed block is sometimes referred to as a local decoding block.
- the block memory 118 is a storage unit for storing, for example, blocks in an encoding target picture (referred to as current picture) that are referred to in intra prediction. Specifically, the block memory 118 stores the reconstructed block output from the adding unit 116.
- the frame memory 122 is a storage unit for storing a reference picture used for inter prediction, for example, and may be called a frame buffer. Specifically, the frame memory 122 stores the reconstructed block filtered by the loop filter unit 120.
- the loop filter unit 120 applies a loop filter to the block reconstructed by the adding unit 116 and outputs the filtered reconstructed block to the frame memory 122.
- the loop filter is a filter (in-loop filter) used in the encoding loop, and includes, for example, a deblocking filter (DF or DBF), a sample adaptive offset (SAO), an adaptive loop filter (ALF), and the like.
- a least square error filter is applied to remove coding distortion. For example, for each 2 ⁇ 2 sub-block in the current block, a plurality of multiples based on the direction of the local gradient and the activity are provided. One filter selected from the filters is applied.
- sub-blocks for example, 2 ⁇ 2 sub-blocks
- a plurality of classes for example, 15 or 25 classes.
- Sub-block classification is performed based on gradient direction and activity.
- the gradient direction value D for example, 0 to 2 or 0 to 4
- the gradient activity value A for example, 0 to 4
- the direction value D of the gradient is derived, for example, by comparing gradients in a plurality of directions (for example, horizontal, vertical, and two diagonal directions).
- the gradient activation value A is derived, for example, by adding gradients in a plurality of directions and quantizing the addition result.
- a filter for a sub-block is determined from among a plurality of filters.
- FIG. 6A to 6C are diagrams illustrating a plurality of examples of the shape of a filter used in ALF.
- FIG. 6A shows a 5 ⁇ 5 diamond shape filter
- FIG. 6B shows a 7 ⁇ 7 diamond shape filter
- FIG. 6C shows a 9 ⁇ 9 diamond shape filter.
- Information indicating the shape of the filter is usually signaled at the picture level. It should be noted that the signalization of the information indicating the filter shape need not be limited to the picture level, but may be another level (for example, a sequence level, a slice level, a tile level, a CTU level, or a CU level).
- ON / OFF of ALF may be determined at the picture level or the CU level, for example. For example, for luminance, it may be determined whether or not ALF is applied at the CU level, and for color differences, it may be determined whether or not ALF is applied at the picture level.
- Information indicating on / off of ALF is usually signaled at the picture level or the CU level. Signaling of information indicating ALF on / off need not be limited to the picture level or the CU level, and may be performed at other levels (for example, a sequence level, a slice level, a tile level, or a CTU level). Good.
- the coefficient set of a plurality of selectable filters (for example, up to 15 or 25 filters) is usually signaled at the picture level.
- the signalization of the coefficient set need not be limited to the picture level, but may be another level (for example, sequence level, slice level, tile level, CTU level, CU level, or sub-block level).
- loop filter unit 120 performs filtering on the block boundary of the reconstructed image, thereby reducing distortion generated at the block boundary.
- FIG. 7 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a detailed configuration of the loop filter unit 120 that functions as a deblocking filter.
- the loop filter unit 120 includes a boundary determination unit 1201, a filter determination unit 1203, a filter processing unit 1205, a processing determination unit 1208, a filter characteristic determination unit 1207, and switches 1202, 1204, and 1206.
- the boundary determination unit 1201 determines whether or not a pixel to be deblocked and filtered (that is, a target pixel) exists near the block boundary. Then, the boundary determination unit 1201 outputs the determination result to the switch 1202 and the process determination unit 1208.
- the switch 1202 When the boundary determination unit 1201 determines that the target pixel exists in the vicinity of the block boundary, the switch 1202 outputs the image before the filter processing to the switch 1204. Conversely, when the boundary determination unit 1201 determines that the target pixel does not exist near the block boundary, the switch 1202 outputs the image before the filter processing to the switch 1206.
- the filter determination unit 1203 determines whether or not to perform the deblocking / filtering process on the target pixel based on the pixel value of at least one peripheral pixel around the target pixel. Then, the filter determination unit 1203 outputs the determination result to the switch 1204 and the process determination unit 1208.
- the switch 1204 outputs the pre-filtering image acquired via the switch 1202 to the filter processing unit 1205 when it is determined by the filter determination unit 1203 that deblocking / filtering processing has been performed on the target pixel. Conversely, the switch 1204 outputs the pre-filtering image acquired via the switch 1202 to the switch 1206 when the filter determination unit 1203 determines that deblocking / filtering is not performed on the target pixel.
- the filter processing unit 1205 When the pre-filtering image is acquired via the switches 1202 and 1204, the filter processing unit 1205 performs the deblocking / filtering process having the filter characteristics determined by the filter characteristic determination unit 1207 on the target pixel. Execute. Then, the filter processing unit 1205 outputs the pixel after the filter processing to the switch 1206.
- the switch 1206 selectively outputs a pixel that has not been subjected to the deblocking filter process and a pixel that has been subjected to the deblocking filter process by the filter processing unit 1205 in accordance with the control by the process determination unit 1208.
- the process determination unit 1208 controls the switch 1206 based on the determination results of the boundary determination unit 1201 and the filter determination unit 1203. In other words, the process determining unit 1208 determines that the target pixel is present near the block boundary by the boundary determining unit 1201 and also determines that the target pixel is to be deblocked / filtered by the filter determining unit 1203 In this case, the deblocking filtered pixel is output from the switch 1206. In other cases than those described above, the process determination unit 1208 causes the switch 1206 to output pixels that have not been deblocked and filtered. By repeatedly outputting such pixels, an image after filter processing is output from the switch 1206.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating an example of a deblocking filter having filter characteristics that are symmetric with respect to a block boundary.
- one of two deblocking filters having different characteristics that is, a strong filter and a weak filter is selected using a pixel value and a quantization parameter.
- the strong filter as shown in FIG. 8, when the pixels p0 to p2 and the pixels q0 to q2 exist across the block boundary, the pixel values of the pixels q0 to q2 are calculated by the following equation. As a result, the pixel values q′0 to q′2 are changed.
- p0 to p2 and q0 to q2 are the pixel values of the pixels p0 to p2 and the pixels q0 to q2, respectively.
- Q3 is the pixel value of the pixel q3 adjacent to the pixel q2 on the side opposite to the block boundary.
- a coefficient that is multiplied by the pixel value of each pixel used for the deblocking filter process is a filter coefficient.
- the clip process may be performed so that the pixel value after the calculation does not change beyond the threshold value.
- the pixel value after calculation according to the above equation is clipped to “pixel value before calculation ⁇ 2 ⁇ threshold value” using a threshold value determined from the quantization parameter. Thereby, excessive smoothing can be prevented.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram for explaining a block boundary where deblocking filter processing is performed.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating an example of the Bs value.
- the block boundary where the deblocking filter processing is performed is, for example, a PU (Prediction Unit) or TU (Transform Unit) boundary of an 8 ⁇ 8 pixel block as shown in FIG.
- the deblocking filter process is performed in units of 4 rows or 4 columns.
- Bs Bit Strength
- the deblocking filter process for the color difference signal is performed when the Bs value is 2.
- the deblocking filter process for the luminance signal is performed when the Bs value is 1 or more and a predetermined condition is satisfied. Note that the determination condition of the Bs value is not limited to that shown in FIG. 10, and may be determined based on other parameters.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating an example of processing performed by the prediction processing unit of the encoding device 100. Note that the prediction processing unit includes all or part of the constituent elements of the intra prediction unit 124, the inter prediction unit 126, and the prediction control unit 128.
- the prediction processing unit generates a predicted image of the current block (step Sb_1).
- This prediction image is also called a prediction signal or a prediction block.
- the prediction signal includes, for example, an intra prediction signal or an inter prediction signal.
- the prediction processor generates a reconstructed image that has already been obtained by performing prediction block generation, difference block generation, coefficient block generation, difference block restoration, and decoded image block generation. To generate a predicted image of the current block.
- the reconstructed image may be, for example, an image of a reference picture or an image of an already-encoded block in the current picture that is a picture including the current block.
- An encoded block in the current picture is, for example, a block adjacent to the current block.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating another example of processing performed by the prediction processing unit of the encoding device 100.
- the prediction processing unit generates a prediction image by the first method (step Sc_1a), generates a prediction image by the second method (step Sc_1b), and generates a prediction image by the third method (step Sc_1c).
- the first method, the second method, and the third method are different methods for generating a predicted image, and are, for example, an inter prediction method, an intra prediction method, and other prediction methods, respectively. There may be. In these prediction methods, the reconstructed image described above may be used.
- the prediction processing unit selects any one of the plurality of predicted images generated in Steps Sc_1a, Sc_1b, and Sc_1c (Step Sc_2).
- the selection of the predicted image that is, the selection of the method or mode for obtaining the final predicted image may be performed based on the cost calculated for each generated predicted image.
- the prediction image may be selected based on parameters used for the encoding process.
- the encoding apparatus 100 may signal information for specifying the selected predicted image, scheme, or mode into an encoded signal (also referred to as an encoded bitstream).
- the information may be a flag, for example. Thereby, the decoding apparatus can produce
- the prediction processing unit selects any prediction image after generating a prediction image by each method. However, before generating the predicted images, the prediction processing unit selects a method or mode based on the parameters used in the above-described encoding process, and generates a predicted image according to the method or mode. Also good.
- the first method and the second method are intra prediction and inter prediction, respectively, and the prediction processing unit calculates a final prediction image for the current block from the prediction images generated according to these prediction methods. You may choose.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating another example of processing performed by the prediction processing unit of the encoding device 100.
- the prediction processing unit generates a prediction image by intra prediction (step Sd_1a), and generates a prediction image by inter prediction (step Sd_1b).
- a prediction image generated by intra prediction is also referred to as an intra prediction image
- a prediction image generated by inter prediction is also referred to as an inter prediction image.
- the prediction processing unit evaluates each of the intra prediction image and the inter prediction image (step Sd_2). Cost may be used for this evaluation. That is, the prediction processing unit calculates the cost C of each of the intra predicted image and the inter predicted image.
- D is the coding distortion of the predicted image, and is represented by, for example, the sum of absolute differences between the pixel value of the current block and the pixel value of the predicted image.
- R is a generated code amount of the predicted image, specifically, a code amount necessary for encoding motion information or the like for generating the predicted image.
- ⁇ is a Lagrange's undetermined multiplier, for example.
- the prediction processing unit selects a predicted image for which the smallest cost C is calculated from the intra predicted image and the inter predicted image as the final predicted image of the current block (step Sd_3). That is, a prediction method or mode for generating a prediction image of the current block is selected.
- the intra prediction unit 124 generates a prediction signal (intra prediction signal) by referring to the block in the current picture stored in the block memory 118 and performing intra prediction (also referred to as intra-screen prediction) of the current block. Specifically, the intra prediction unit 124 generates an intra prediction signal by performing intra prediction with reference to a sample (for example, luminance value and color difference value) of a block adjacent to the current block, and performs prediction control on the intra prediction signal. To the unit 128.
- the intra prediction unit 124 performs intra prediction using one of a plurality of predefined intra prediction modes.
- the plurality of intra prediction modes usually include one or more non-directional prediction modes and a plurality of directional prediction modes.
- One or more non-directional prediction modes are for example H.264.
- the Planar prediction mode and the DC prediction mode defined in the H.265 / HEVC standard are included.
- the multiple directionality prediction modes are for example H.264. It includes 33-direction prediction modes defined by the H.265 / HEVC standard. In addition to the 33 directions, the plurality of directionality prediction modes may further include 32 direction prediction modes (a total of 65 directionality prediction modes).
- FIG. 14 is a diagram illustrating all 67 intra prediction modes (two non-directional prediction modes and 65 directional prediction modes) in intra prediction. Solid arrows indicate H. The 33 directions defined in the H.265 / HEVC standard are represented, and the dashed arrow represents the added 32 directions. (Two non-directional prediction modes are not shown in FIG. 14)
- the luminance block may be referred to in the intra prediction of the color difference block. That is, the color difference component of the current block may be predicted based on the luminance component of the current block.
- Such intra prediction is sometimes called CCLM (cross-component linear model) prediction.
- the intra prediction mode (for example, called CCLM mode) of the color difference block which refers to such a luminance block may be added as one of the intra prediction modes of the color difference block.
- the intra prediction unit 124 may correct the pixel value after intra prediction based on the gradient of the reference pixel in the horizontal / vertical direction. Intra prediction with such correction may be called PDPC (position dependent intra prediction combination). Information indicating the presence / absence of application of PDPC (for example, called a PDPC flag) is usually signaled at the CU level. The signalization of this information need not be limited to the CU level, but may be another level (for example, a sequence level, a picture level, a slice level, a tile level, or a CTU level).
- the inter prediction unit 126 refers to a reference picture stored in the frame memory 122 and is different from the current picture, and performs inter prediction (also referred to as inter-screen prediction) of the current block, thereby generating a prediction signal (inter prediction signal). Prediction signal). Inter prediction is performed in units of a current block or a current sub-block (for example, 4 ⁇ 4 block) in the current block. For example, the inter prediction unit 126 performs motion estimation within the reference picture for the current block or current subblock, and finds the reference block or subblock that most closely matches the current block or current subblock.
- the inter prediction unit 126 acquires motion information (for example, a motion vector) that compensates for motion or change from the reference block or sub-block to the current block or sub-block.
- the inter prediction unit 126 performs motion compensation (or motion prediction) based on the motion information, and generates an inter prediction signal for the current block or sub-block.
- the inter prediction unit 126 outputs the generated inter prediction signal to the prediction control unit 128.
- the motion information used for motion compensation may be signaled as an inter prediction signal in various forms.
- a motion vector may be signaled.
- a difference between a motion vector and a motion vector predictor may be signaled.
- FIG. 15 is a flowchart showing a basic flow of inter prediction.
- the inter prediction unit 126 first generates a prediction image (steps Se_1 to Se_3). Next, the subtraction unit 104 generates a difference between the current block and the predicted image as a prediction residual (step Se_4).
- the inter prediction unit 126 generates the prediction image by determining the motion vector (MV) of the current block (Step Se_1 and Se_2) and motion compensation (Step Se_3). To do.
- the inter prediction unit 126 determines the MV by selecting a candidate motion vector (candidate MV) (step Se_1) and deriving the MV (step Se_2).
- the selection of the candidate MV is performed, for example, by selecting at least one candidate MV from the candidate MV list.
- the inter prediction unit 126 determines the selected at least one candidate MV as the MV of the current block by further selecting at least one candidate MV from the at least one candidate MV. May be.
- the inter prediction unit 126 may determine the MV of the current block by searching the reference picture region indicated by the candidate MV for each of the selected at least one candidate MV. Note that this search for the reference picture area may be referred to as motion estimation.
- steps Se_1 to Se_3 are performed by the inter prediction unit 126.
- processing such as step Se_1 or step Se_2 may be performed by other components included in the encoding device 100. .
- FIG. 16 is a flowchart illustrating an example of motion vector derivation.
- the inter prediction unit 126 derives the MV of the current block in a mode for encoding motion information (for example, MV).
- motion information is encoded as a prediction parameter and signaled. That is, encoded motion information is included in an encoded signal (also referred to as an encoded bit stream).
- the inter prediction unit 126 derives MV in a mode that does not encode motion information. In this case, motion information is not included in the encoded signal.
- the MV derivation modes include a normal inter mode, a merge mode, a FRUC mode, and an affine mode, which will be described later.
- modes for encoding motion information include a normal inter mode, a merge mode, and an affine mode (specifically, an affine inter mode and an affine merge mode).
- the motion information may include not only MV but also later-described predicted motion vector selection information.
- the mode in which motion information is not encoded includes the FRUC mode.
- the inter prediction unit 126 selects a mode for deriving the MV of the current block from the plurality of modes, and derives the MV of the current block using the selected mode.
- FIG. 17 is a flowchart showing another example of motion vector derivation.
- the inter prediction unit 126 derives the MV of the current block in a mode for encoding the difference MV.
- the difference MV is encoded as a prediction parameter and signaled. That is, the encoded difference MV is included in the encoded signal.
- This difference MV is the difference between the MV of the current block and its predicted MV.
- the inter prediction unit 126 derives the MV in a mode in which the difference MV is not encoded.
- the encoded difference MV is not included in the encoded signal.
- the MV derivation modes include the normal inter, the merge mode, the FRUC mode, and the affine mode, which will be described later.
- modes for encoding the difference MV include a normal inter mode and an affine mode (specifically, an affine inter mode).
- modes that do not encode the difference MV include FRUC mode, merge mode, and affine mode (specifically, affine merge mode).
- the inter prediction unit 126 selects a mode for deriving the MV of the current block from the plurality of modes, and derives the MV of the current block using the selected mode.
- FIG. 18 is a flowchart showing another example of motion vector derivation.
- the MV derivation mode that is, the inter prediction mode, has a plurality of modes, which are roughly classified into a mode for encoding the difference MV and a mode for not encoding the difference motion vector.
- the modes that do not encode the difference MV include a merge mode, an FRUC mode, and an affine mode (specifically, an affine merge mode). The details of these modes will be described later.
- the merge mode is a mode for deriving the MV of the current block by selecting a motion vector from surrounding encoded blocks
- the FRUC mode is:
- the MV of the current block is derived by performing a search between encoded regions.
- the affine mode is a mode for deriving the motion vector of each of a plurality of sub-blocks constituting the current block as the MV of the current block assuming affine transformation.
- the inter prediction unit 126 when the inter prediction mode information indicates 0 (0 in Sf_1), the inter prediction unit 126 derives a motion vector using the merge mode (Sf_2). Further, when the inter prediction mode information indicates 1 (1 in Sf_1), the inter prediction unit 126 derives a motion vector in the FRUC mode (Sf_3). Further, when the inter prediction mode information indicates 2 (2 in Sf_1), the inter prediction unit 126 derives a motion vector using an affine mode (specifically, an affine merge mode) (Sf_4). Further, when the inter prediction mode information indicates 3 (3 in Sf_1), the inter prediction unit 126 derives a motion vector in a mode for encoding the difference MV (for example, a normal inter mode) (Sf_5).
- Sf_5 when the inter prediction mode information indicates 0 (0 in Sf_1), the inter prediction unit 126 derives a motion vector using the merge mode (Sf_2). Further, when the inter prediction mode information indicates 1 (1 in Sf_1), the
- the normal inter mode is an inter prediction mode in which the MV of the current block is derived by finding a block similar to the image of the current block from the reference picture area indicated by the candidate MV. In the normal inter mode, the difference MV is encoded.
- FIG. 19 is a flowchart showing an example of inter prediction in the normal inter mode.
- the inter prediction unit 126 acquires a plurality of candidate MVs for the current block based on information such as the MVs of a plurality of encoded blocks around the current block in terms of time or space (Step). Sg_1). That is, the inter prediction unit 126 creates a candidate MV list.
- the inter prediction unit 126 predicts each of N (N is an integer of 2 or more) candidate MVs from among the plurality of candidate MVs acquired in step Sg_1 (predicted motion vector candidates (also referred to as predicted MV candidates)). Are extracted according to a predetermined priority order (step Sg_2).
- the priority order is predetermined for each of the N candidate MVs.
- the inter prediction unit 126 selects one prediction motion vector candidate from the N prediction motion vector candidates as a prediction motion vector (also referred to as prediction MV) of the current block (step Sg — 3). At this time, the inter prediction unit 126 encodes prediction motion vector selection information for identifying the selected prediction motion vector into a stream.
- the stream is the above-described encoded signal or encoded bit stream.
- the inter prediction unit 126 refers to the encoded reference picture and derives the MV of the current block (step Sg_4). At this time, the inter prediction unit 126 further encodes the difference value between the derived MV and the predicted motion vector as a difference MV into a stream.
- An encoded reference picture is a picture composed of a plurality of blocks reconstructed after encoding.
- the inter prediction unit 126 generates a prediction image of the current block by performing motion compensation on the current block using the derived MV and the encoded reference picture (step Sg_5).
- the predicted image is the above-described inter prediction signal.
- information indicating the inter prediction mode (normal inter mode in the above example) used for generating a predicted image, which is included in the encoded signal is encoded as a prediction parameter, for example.
- the candidate MV list may be used in common with lists used in other modes. Further, the process related to the candidate MV list may be applied to the process related to the list used for other modes.
- the processing related to this candidate MV list is, for example, extraction or selection of candidate MVs from the candidate MV list, rearrangement of candidate MVs, or deletion of candidate MVs.
- the merge mode is an inter prediction mode in which the candidate MV is selected from the candidate MV list as the MV of the current block, and the MV is derived.
- FIG. 20 is a flowchart showing an example of inter prediction in merge mode.
- the inter prediction unit 126 acquires a plurality of candidate MVs for the current block based on information such as the MVs of a plurality of encoded blocks around the current block in terms of time or space (Step). Sh_1). That is, the inter prediction unit 126 creates a candidate MV list.
- the inter prediction unit 126 derives the MV of the current block by selecting one candidate MV from the plurality of candidate MVs acquired in Step Sh_1 (Step Sh_2). At this time, the inter prediction unit 126 encodes MV selection information for identifying the selected candidate MV into a stream.
- the inter prediction unit 126 generates a prediction image of the current block by performing motion compensation on the current block using the derived MV and the encoded reference picture (step Sh_3).
- information indicating the inter prediction mode (merged mode in the above example) used for generating a predicted image, which is included in the encoded signal is encoded as a prediction parameter, for example.
- FIG. 21 is a diagram for explaining an example of the motion vector derivation process of the current picture in the merge mode.
- Prediction MV candidates include spatial adjacent prediction MVs that are MVs of a plurality of encoded blocks located spatially around the target block, and neighboring blocks that project the position of the target block in the encoded reference picture.
- variable length encoding unit describes and encodes merge_idx, which is a signal indicating which prediction MV is selected, in the stream.
- the prediction MV registered in the prediction MV list described with reference to FIG. 21 is an example, and the number of prediction MVs may be different from the number in the figure, or may not include some types of prediction MVs in the figure. It may be the composition which added prediction MV other than the kind of prediction MV in a figure.
- the final MV may be determined by performing a DMVR (dynamic motion vector refreshing) process, which will be described later, using the MV of the target block derived in the merge mode.
- DMVR dynamic motion vector refreshing
- the prediction MV candidates are the above-described candidate MVs
- the prediction MV list is the above-described candidate MV list.
- the candidate MV list may be referred to as a candidate list.
- merge_idx is MV selection information.
- the motion information may be derived on the decoding device side without being signaled from the coding device side.
- H.P. A merge mode defined in the H.265 / HEVC standard may be used.
- the motion information may be derived by performing motion search on the decoding device side. In this case, the motion search is performed on the decoding device side without using the pixel value of the current block.
- the mode in which the motion search is performed on the decoding apparatus side is sometimes called a PMMVD (patterned motion vector derivation) mode or an FRUC (frame rate up-conversion) mode.
- PMMVD patterned motion vector derivation
- FRUC frame rate up-conversion
- a list of a plurality of candidates each having a predicted motion vector (MV) ie, a candidate MV list, May be shared with the merge list
- the best candidate MV is selected from a plurality of candidate MVs registered in the candidate MV list (step Si_2).
- the evaluation value of each candidate MV included in the candidate MV list is calculated, and one candidate MV is selected based on the evaluation value.
- a motion vector for the current block is derived (step Si_4).
- the selected candidate motion vector (best candidate MV) is directly derived as a motion vector for the current block.
- a motion vector for the current block may be derived by performing pattern matching in a peripheral region at a position in the reference picture corresponding to the selected candidate motion vector. That is, a search using pattern matching and evaluation values in the reference picture is performed on the area around the best candidate MV, and if there is an MV with a better evaluation value, the best candidate MV is set as the MV. It may be updated to make it the final MV of the current block. It is also possible to adopt a configuration in which processing for updating to an MV having a better evaluation value is not performed.
- the inter prediction unit 126 generates a prediction image of the current block by performing motion compensation on the current block using the derived MV and the encoded reference picture (step Si_5).
- the same processing may be performed when processing is performed in units of sub-blocks.
- the evaluation value may be calculated by various methods. For example, a reconstructed image of an area in a reference picture corresponding to a motion vector and a predetermined area (the area is, for example, an area of another reference picture or an adjacent block of the current picture as shown below. To the reconstructed image. Then, the difference between the pixel values of the two reconstructed images may be calculated and used as the motion vector evaluation value. Note that the evaluation value may be calculated using information other than the difference value.
- one candidate MV included in a candidate MV list (for example, a merge list) is selected as a search starting point by pattern matching.
- the pattern matching the first pattern matching or the second pattern matching is used.
- the first pattern matching and the second pattern matching may be referred to as bilateral matching and template matching, respectively.
- FIG. 23 is a diagram for explaining an example of first pattern matching (bilateral matching) between two blocks in two reference pictures along a motion trajectory.
- first pattern matching two blocks along the motion trajectory of the current block (Cur block) and two blocks in two different reference pictures (Ref0, Ref1) are used.
- two motion vectors MV0, MV1 are derived.
- MV0, MV1 a reconstructed image at a designated position in the first encoded reference picture (Ref0) designated by the candidate MV, and a symmetric MV obtained by scaling the candidate MV at a display time interval.
- the difference from the reconstructed image at the designated position in the second encoded reference picture (Ref1) designated in (2) is derived, and the evaluation value is calculated using the obtained difference value.
- the candidate MV having the best evaluation value among the plurality of candidate MVs may be selected as the final MV.
- the motion vectors (MV0, MV1) pointing to the two reference blocks are temporal distances between the current picture (Cur Pic) and the two reference pictures (Ref0, Ref1). It is proportional to (TD0, TD1).
- the first pattern matching uses a mirror-symmetric bi-directional motion vector Is derived.
- MV derivation>FRUC> template matching In the second pattern matching (template matching), pattern matching is performed between a template in the current picture (a block adjacent to the current block in the current picture (for example, an upper and / or left adjacent block)) and a block in the reference picture. Done. Therefore, in the second pattern matching, a block adjacent to the current block in the current picture is used as the predetermined region for calculating the candidate evaluation value described above.
- FIG. 24 is a diagram for explaining an example of pattern matching (template matching) between a template in the current picture and a block in the reference picture.
- the current block is searched by searching the reference picture (Ref0) for the block that most closely matches the block adjacent to the current block (Cur block) in the current picture (Cur Pic). Of motion vectors are derived.
- the reconstructed image of the encoded region of the left adjacent area and / or the upper adjacent area, and the equivalent in the encoded reference picture (Ref0) designated by the candidate MV When a difference from the reconstructed image at the position is derived, an evaluation value is calculated using the obtained difference value, and a candidate MV having the best evaluation value among a plurality of candidate MVs is selected as the best candidate MV. Good.
- FRUC flag Information indicating whether or not to apply such FRUC mode
- information indicating an applicable pattern matching method first pattern matching or second pattern matching
- the signalization of these pieces of information need not be limited to the CU level, but may be other levels (for example, sequence level, picture level, slice level, tile level, CTU level, or sub-block level).
- affine mode for deriving a motion vector in units of sub-blocks based on a plurality of adjacent block motion vectors. This mode may be referred to as an affine motion compensation prediction mode.
- FIG. 25A is a diagram for describing an example of deriving motion vectors in units of sub-blocks based on motion vectors of a plurality of adjacent blocks.
- the current block includes 16 4 ⁇ 4 sub-blocks.
- the motion vector v 0 of the upper left corner control point of the current block is derived based on the motion vector of the adjacent block, and similarly, the motion vector v of the upper right corner control point of the current block based on the motion vector of the adjacent sub block. 1 is derived.
- two motion vectors v 0 and v 1 are projected to derive a motion vector (v x , v y ) of each sub-block in the current block.
- x and y indicate the horizontal position and vertical position of the sub-block, respectively, and w indicates a predetermined weight coefficient.
- Information indicating such an affine mode may be signaled at the CU level.
- the signalization of information indicating the affine mode is not necessarily limited to the CU level, but may be performed at other levels (for example, a sequence level, a picture level, a slice level, a tile level, a CTU level, or a sub-block level). May be.
- an affine mode may include several modes in which the motion vector derivation methods of the upper left and upper right corner control points are different.
- FIG. 25B is a diagram for explaining an example of deriving a motion vector in units of sub-blocks in an affine mode having three control points.
- the current block includes 16 4 ⁇ 4 sub-blocks.
- the motion vector v 0 of the upper left corner control point of the current block is derived based on the motion vector of the adjacent block, and similarly, the motion vector v 1 of the upper right corner control point of the current block based on the motion vector of the adjacent block.
- motion vector v 2 in the lower left angle control point in the current block based on the motion vector of the neighboring block is derived.
- three motion vectors v 0 , v 1, and v 2 are projected to derive a motion vector (v x , v y ) of each sub-block in the current block.
- x and y indicate the horizontal position and vertical position of the center of the sub-block, respectively, w indicates the width of the current block, and h indicates the height of the current block.
- the affine modes with different numbers of control points may be signaled by switching at the CU level.
- information indicating the number of affine mode control points used at the CU level may be signaled at other levels (for example, sequence level, picture level, slice level, tile level, CTU level, or sub-block level). Good.
- an affine mode having three control points may include several modes in which the motion vector derivation methods of the upper left, upper right, and lower left corner control points are different.
- FIG. 26A, FIG. 26B, and FIG. 26C are conceptual diagrams for explaining the affine merge mode.
- an encoded block A left
- a block B upper
- a block C upper right
- a block D lower left
- a block E upper left
- the predicted motion vector of each control point of the current block is calculated based on a plurality of motion vectors corresponding to the block encoded in the affine mode. Specifically, these blocks are examined in the order of encoded block A (left), block B (upper), block C (upper right), block D (lower left) and block E (upper left), and in affine mode
- the first valid block encoded is identified. Based on the plurality of motion vectors corresponding to the identified block, a predicted motion vector of the control point of the current block is calculated.
- the motion vectors v 3 and v 4 projected to the position of are derived. Then, the motion vector v 3 and v 4 derived, the predicted motion vector v 0 of the control point of the upper left corner of the current block, the prediction motion vector v 1 of the control point in the upper right corner is calculated.
- the upper left corner and the upper right corner of the encoded block including the block A And motion vectors v 3 , v 4 and v 5 projected to the position of the lower left corner are derived. Then, from the derived motion vectors v 3 , v 4 and v 5 , the predicted motion vector v 0 of the control point at the upper left corner of the current block, the predicted motion vector v 1 of the control point at the upper right corner, and the control of the lower left corner predicted motion vector v 2 of the points are calculated.
- this prediction motion vector derivation method may be used to derive each prediction motion vector of the control point of the current block in step Sj_1 in FIG. 29 described later.
- FIG. 27 is a flowchart showing an example of the affine merge mode.
- the inter prediction unit 126 derives a prediction MV of each control point of the current block (step Sk_1).
- the control points are the upper left corner and upper right corner of the current block as shown in FIG. 25A, or the upper left corner, upper right corner and lower left corner of the current block as shown in FIG. 25B.
- the inter prediction unit 126 performs an encoded block A (left), block B (upper), block C (upper right), block D (lower left), and block E (upper left) in order. These blocks are examined and the first valid block encoded in affine mode is identified.
- the inter prediction unit 126 When block A is specified and block A has two control points, as shown in FIG. 26B, the inter prediction unit 126 performs motion vectors v 3 at the upper left corner and the upper right corner of the encoded block including block A. and v 4, and calculates a motion vector v 0 of the control point of the upper left corner of the current block, the control point in the upper right corner and a motion vector v 1. For example, the inter prediction unit 126 projects the motion vectors v 3 and v 4 at the upper left corner and the upper right corner of the encoded block onto the current block, thereby predicting the motion vector v 0 at the control point at the upper left corner of the current block. And a predicted motion vector v 1 of the control point in the upper right corner.
- the inter prediction unit 126 moves the upper left corner, the upper right corner, and the lower left corner of the encoded block including the block A as illustrated in FIG. from the vector v 3, v 4 and v 5, calculates a motion vector v 0 of the control point of the upper left corner of the current block, the motion vector v 1 of the control point in the upper right corner, the control point of the lower-left corner of the motion vector v 2 To do.
- the inter prediction unit 126 projects the motion vectors v 3 , v 4, and v 5 of the upper left corner, the upper right corner, and the lower left corner of the encoded block onto the current block, thereby controlling the upper left corner control point of the current block. to the calculated and the predicted motion vector v 0, the predicted motion vector v 1 of the control point in the upper right corner, the control point of the lower-left corner of the motion vector v 2.
- the inter prediction unit 126 performs motion compensation for each of the plurality of sub-blocks included in the current block. That is, for each of the plurality of sub-blocks, the inter prediction unit 126 includes two prediction motion vectors v 0 and v 1 and the above-described equation (1A), or three prediction motion vectors v 0 , v 1, and v 2 .
- the motion vector of the sub-block is calculated as an affine MV (step Sk_2).
- the inter prediction unit 126 performs motion compensation on the sub-block using the affine MV and the encoded reference picture (step Sk_3). As a result, motion compensation is performed on the current block, and a predicted image of the current block is generated.
- FIG. 28A is a diagram for explaining an affine inter mode having two control points.
- the motion vector selected from the motion vectors of the encoded block A, block B, and block C adjacent to the current block is the prediction of the control point at the upper left corner of the current block. It is used as the motion vector v 0.
- the motion vector selected from the motion vectors of the encoded block D and block E adjacent to the current block is used as the predicted motion vector v 1 of the control point at the upper right corner of the current block.
- FIG. 28B is a diagram for explaining an affine inter mode having three control points.
- the motion vector selected from the motion vectors of the encoded block A, block B, and block C adjacent to the current block is the prediction of the control point at the upper left corner of the current block. It is used as the motion vector v 0.
- the motion vector selected from the motion vectors of the encoded block D and block E adjacent to the current block is used as the predicted motion vector v 1 of the control point at the upper right corner of the current block.
- motion vectors selected from the motion vectors of the encoded block F and block G adjacent to the current block are used as predicted motion vector v 2 of the control points of the lower left corner of the current block.
- FIG. 29 is a flowchart showing an example of the affine inter mode.
- the inter prediction unit 126 derives prediction MV (v 0 , v 1 ) or (v 0 , v 1 , v 2 ) of each of two or three control points of the current block ( Step Sj_1). As shown in FIG. 25A or FIG. 25B, the control points are points at the upper left corner, upper right corner, or lower left corner of the current block.
- the inter prediction unit 126 predicts the control point of the current block by selecting a motion vector of one of the encoded blocks in the vicinity of each control point of the current block shown in FIG. 28A or 28B.
- a motion vector (v 0 , v 1 ) or (v 0 , v 1 , v 2 ) is derived.
- the inter prediction unit 126 encodes prediction motion vector selection information for identifying the two selected motion vectors into a stream.
- the inter prediction unit 126 determines which block motion vector is selected as the predicted motion vector of the control point from the encoded blocks adjacent to the current block, using cost evaluation or the like, and which prediction motion vector is selected. A flag indicating whether it has been selected may be described in the bitstream.
- the inter prediction unit 126 performs a motion search (steps Sj_3 and Sj_4) while updating the predicted motion vectors selected or derived in step Sj_1 (step Sj_2). That is, the inter prediction unit 126 calculates the motion vector of each sub-block corresponding to the updated prediction motion vector as the affine MV, using the above equation (1A) or equation (1B) (step Sj_3). Then, the inter prediction unit 126 performs motion compensation on each sub-block using the affine MV and the encoded reference picture (step Sj_4). As a result, in the motion search loop, the inter prediction unit 126 determines, for example, a predicted motion vector that can obtain the lowest cost as a motion vector of a control point (step Sj_5). At this time, the inter prediction unit 126 further encodes each difference value between the determined MV and the predicted motion vector as a difference MV into a stream.
- the inter prediction unit 126 generates a predicted image of the current block by performing motion compensation on the current block using the determined MV and the encoded reference picture (step Sj_6).
- FIG. 30A and FIG. 30B are conceptual diagrams for explaining a control point prediction vector derivation method when the number of control points is different between the encoded block and the current block.
- the current block has three control points, upper left corner, upper right corner and lower left corner, and block A adjacent to the left of the current block is encoded in an affine mode having two control points. If so, motion vectors v 3 and v 4 projected to the positions of the upper left corner and the upper right corner of the encoded block including the block A are derived. Then, the motion vector v 3 and v 4 derived, the predicted motion vector v 0 of the control point of the upper left corner of the current block, the prediction motion vector v 1 of the control point in the upper right corner is calculated. Further, the predicted motion vector v 2 of the control point at the lower left corner is calculated from the derived motion vectors v 0 and v 1 .
- the current block has two control points in the upper left corner and the upper right corner, and block A adjacent to the left of the current block is encoded in an affine mode having three control points.
- motion vectors v 3 , v 4, and v 5 projected to the positions of the upper left corner, the upper right corner, and the lower left corner of the encoded block including the block A are derived.
- the motion vector v 3, v 4 and v 5 derived, the predicted motion vector v 0 of the control point of the upper left corner of the current block, the prediction motion vector v 1 of the control point in the upper right corner is calculated.
- This prediction motion vector derivation method may be used for derivation of each prediction motion vector of the control point of the current block in step Sj_1 in FIG.
- FIG. 31A is a diagram showing the relationship between the merge mode and DMVR.
- the inter prediction unit 126 derives the motion vector of the current block in the merge mode (step S1_1).
- the inter prediction unit 126 determines whether or not to perform a motion vector search, that is, a motion search (step S1_2).
- the inter prediction unit 126 determines the motion vector derived in Step S1_1 as the final motion vector for the current block (Step S1_4). That is, in this case, the motion vector of the current block is determined in the merge mode.
- Step S1_3 a final motion vector is derived (step S1_3). That is, in this case, the motion vector of the current block is determined by DMVR.
- FIG. 31B is a conceptual diagram for explaining an example of the DMVR process for determining the MV.
- the optimal MVP set in the current block (for example, in the merge mode) is set as a candidate MV.
- the candidate MV (L0) the reference pixel is specified from the first reference picture (L0) that is an encoded picture in the L0 direction.
- the reference pixel is specified from the second reference picture (L1) that is a coded picture in the L1 direction.
- a template is generated by taking the average of these reference pixels.
- the peripheral areas of the candidate MVs of the first reference picture (L0) and the second reference picture (L1) are searched, respectively, and the MV with the lowest cost is determined as the final MV.
- the cost value may be calculated using, for example, a difference value between each pixel value of the template and each pixel value of the search area, a candidate MV value, and the like.
- Any process may be used as long as it is a process capable of searching around the candidate MV and deriving the final MV, instead of the process described here.
- BIO / OBMC In motion compensation, there is a mode in which a predicted image is generated and the predicted image is corrected.
- the modes are, for example, BIO and OBMC described later.
- FIG. 32 is a flowchart showing an example of generation of a predicted image.
- the inter prediction unit 126 generates a predicted image (step Sm_1), and corrects the predicted image in any of the modes described above (step Sm_2).
- FIG. 33 is a flowchart showing another example of generation of a predicted image.
- the inter prediction unit 126 determines the motion vector of the current block (step Sn_1). Next, the inter prediction unit 126 generates a prediction image (Step Sn_2) and determines whether or not to perform correction processing (Step Sn_3). Here, when the inter prediction unit 126 determines to perform the correction process (Yes in Step Sn_3), the inter prediction unit 126 generates a final predicted image by correcting the predicted image (Step Sn_4). On the other hand, when the inter prediction unit 126 determines not to perform the correction process (No in Step Sn_3), the inter prediction unit 126 outputs the final predicted image without correcting the predicted image (Step Sn_5).
- the mode is, for example, LIC described later.
- FIG. 34 is a flowchart showing still another example of generation of a predicted image.
- the inter prediction unit 126 derives a motion vector of the current block (step So_1). Next, the inter prediction unit 126 determines whether or not to perform luminance correction processing (step So_2). Here, when the inter prediction unit 126 determines to perform the luminance correction process (Yes in Step So_2), the inter prediction unit 126 generates a predicted image while performing the luminance correction (Step So_3). That is, a predicted image is generated by LIC. On the other hand, when the inter prediction unit 126 determines not to perform the luminance correction process (No in Step So_2), the inter prediction unit 126 generates a prediction image by normal motion compensation without performing the luminance correction (Step So_4).
- An inter prediction signal may be generated using not only the motion information of the current block obtained by motion search but also the motion information of adjacent blocks. Specifically, the prediction signal based on the motion information obtained in the motion search (within the reference picture) and the prediction signal based on the motion information of the adjacent block (within the current picture) are weighted and added, so that The inter prediction signal may be generated for each sub-block in the block.
- Such inter prediction (motion compensation) may be referred to as OBMC (overlapped block motion compensation).
- OBMC block size information indicating the size of a sub-block for OBMC
- OBMC flag information indicating whether or not to apply the OBMC mode
- the level of signalization of these information does not need to be limited to the sequence level and the CU level, and may be other levels (for example, a picture level, a slice level, a tile level, a CTU level, or a sub-block level). Good.
- FIG. 35 and FIG. 36 are a flowchart and a conceptual diagram for explaining the outline of the predicted image correction process by the OBMC process.
- a prediction image (Pred) by normal motion compensation is acquired using a motion vector (MV) assigned to a processing target (current) block.
- MV motion vector assigned to a processing target (current) block.
- an arrow “MV” indicates a reference picture and indicates what the current block of the current picture refers to in order to obtain a predicted image.
- the motion vector (MV_L) already derived for the encoded left adjacent block is applied (reused) to the encoding target block to obtain a predicted image (Pred_L).
- the motion vector (MV_L) is indicated by an arrow “MV_L” pointing from the current block to the reference picture.
- the first correction of the predicted image is performed by superimposing the two predicted images Pred and Pred_L. This has the effect of mixing the boundaries between adjacent blocks.
- the motion vector (MV_U) already derived for the encoded upper adjacent block is applied (reused) to the encoding target block to obtain a predicted image (Pred_U).
- the motion vector (MV_U) is indicated by an arrow “MV_U” pointing from the current block to the reference picture.
- the prediction image Pred_U is superimposed on the prediction image (for example, Pred and Pred_L) subjected to the first correction, thereby correcting the prediction image for the second time. This has the effect of mixing the boundaries between adjacent blocks.
- the predicted image obtained by the second correction is the final predicted image of the current block in which the boundary with the adjacent block is mixed (smoothed).
- the above example is a two-pass correction method using the left and upper adjacent blocks.
- the correction method is a three-pass or more pass that also uses the right and / or lower adjacent blocks. This correction method may be used.
- the area to be overlapped may not be the pixel area of the entire block, but only a part of the area near the block boundary.
- the prediction image correction processing of OBMC for obtaining one prediction image Pred by superimposing additional prediction images Pred_L and Pred_U from one reference picture has been described.
- the same processing may be applied to each of the plurality of reference pictures.
- the obtained plurality of corrected predicted images are further superimposed. To obtain the final predicted image.
- the unit of the target block may be a prediction block unit or a sub-block unit obtained by further dividing the prediction block.
- the encoding apparatus may determine whether or not the target block belongs to a complex motion region.
- the encoding is performed by setting the value 1 as obmc_flag and applying the OBMC processing.
- the encoding device is set as obmc_flag. A value of 0 is set, and the block is encoded without applying the OBMC process.
- the decoding device decodes obj_flag described in a stream (for example, a compressed sequence), and performs decoding by switching whether to apply the OBMC processing according to the value.
- the inter prediction unit 126 generates one rectangular prediction image for the rectangular current block.
- the inter prediction unit 126 generates a plurality of prediction images having a shape different from the rectangle for the rectangular current block, and generates a final rectangular prediction image by combining the plurality of prediction images. May be.
- the shape different from the rectangle may be, for example, a triangle.
- FIG. 37 is a diagram for explaining generation of predicted images of two triangles.
- the inter prediction unit 126 generates a triangular prediction image by performing motion compensation on the triangular first partition in the current block using the first MV of the first partition. Similarly, the inter prediction unit 126 generates a triangular predicted image by performing motion compensation on the second partition of the triangle in the current block using the second MV of the second partition. Then, the inter prediction unit 126 generates a prediction image having the same rectangular shape as that of the current block by combining these prediction images.
- each of the first partition and the second partition is a triangle, but may be a trapezoid or a shape different from each other.
- the current block is composed of two partitions, but may be composed of three or more partitions.
- first partition and the second partition may overlap. That is, the first partition and the second partition may include the same pixel area.
- the prediction image of the current block may be generated using the prediction image in the first partition and the prediction image in the second partition.
- the prediction image is generated by inter prediction for both of the two partitions.
- the prediction image may be generated by intra prediction for at least one partition.
- BIO a method for deriving a motion vector.
- a mode for deriving a motion vector based on a model assuming constant velocity linear motion will be described. This mode is sometimes referred to as a BIO (bi-directional optical flow) mode.
- FIG. 38 is a diagram for explaining a model assuming a constant velocity linear motion.
- (vx, vy) represents a velocity vector
- ⁇ 0 and ⁇ 1 represent temporal distances between the current picture (Cur Pic) and two reference pictures (Ref0, Ref1), respectively.
- (MVx0, MVy0) indicates a motion vector corresponding to the reference picture Ref0
- (MVx1, MVy1) indicates a motion vector corresponding to the reference picture Ref1.
- This optical flow equation consists of (i) the product of the time derivative of the luminance value, (ii) the horizontal component of the horizontal velocity and the spatial gradient of the reference image, and (iii) the vertical velocity and the spatial gradient of the reference image. Indicates that the sum of the products of the vertical components of is equal to zero. Based on the combination of this optical flow equation and Hermite interpolation, the block-based motion vector obtained from the merge list or the like may be corrected in pixel units.
- the motion vector may be derived on the decoding device side by a method different from the derivation of the motion vector based on the model assuming constant velocity linear motion.
- a motion vector may be derived for each subblock based on the motion vectors of a plurality of adjacent blocks.
- FIG. 39 is a diagram for explaining an example of a predicted image generation method using luminance correction processing by LIC processing.
- an MV is derived from an encoded reference picture, and a reference image corresponding to the current block is acquired.
- information indicating how the luminance value has changed between the reference picture and the current picture is extracted for the current block.
- This extraction is performed by using the luminance pixel values of the encoded left adjacent reference region (peripheral reference region) and the encoded upper adjacent reference region (peripheral reference region) in the current picture, and the reference picture specified by the derived MV. This is performed based on the luminance pixel value at the equivalent position.
- the brightness correction parameter is calculated using information indicating how the brightness value has changed.
- a prediction image for the current block is generated by performing luminance correction processing that applies the luminance correction parameter to the reference image in the reference picture specified by MV.
- the shape of the peripheral reference region in FIG. 39 is an example, and other shapes may be used.
- the predicted image may be generated after performing the luminance correction processing in the same manner as in FIG.
- lic_flag is a signal indicating whether to apply LIC processing.
- the encoding apparatus it is determined whether or not the current block belongs to an area where the luminance change occurs. If the current block belongs to the area where the luminance change occurs, the value is set as lic_flag. When 1 is set and encoding is performed by applying the LIC process, and the image does not belong to the region where the luminance change occurs, the value 0 is set as lic_flag and the encoding is performed without applying the LIC process.
- the decoding device may decode the lic_flag described in the stream to switch whether to apply the LIC process according to the value.
- determining whether or not to apply LIC processing for example, there is a method for determining whether or not LIC processing has been applied to peripheral blocks.
- a method for determining whether or not LIC processing has been applied to peripheral blocks For example, when the current block is in the merge mode, it is determined whether or not the peripheral encoded blocks selected in the derivation of the MV in the merge mode process have been encoded by applying the LIC process. . Encoding is performed by switching whether to apply the LIC process according to the result. Even in this example, the same processing is applied to the processing on the decoding device side.
- the LIC process luminance correction process
- the inter prediction unit 126 derives a motion vector for acquiring a reference image corresponding to a block to be encoded from a reference picture that is an encoded picture.
- the inter prediction unit 126 uses the value to calculate a luminance correction parameter. For example, the luminance pixel value of a certain pixel in the peripheral reference area in the encoding target picture is p0, and the luminance pixel value of a pixel in the peripheral reference area in the reference picture at the same position as the pixel is p1.
- the inter prediction unit 126 generates a prediction image for the encoding target block by performing luminance correction processing on the reference image in the reference picture specified by the motion vector using the luminance correction parameter.
- the luminance pixel value in the reference image is p2
- the luminance pixel value of the predicted image after the luminance correction process is p3.
- the shape of the peripheral reference region in FIG. 39 is an example, and other shapes may be used. Also, a part of the peripheral reference region shown in FIG. 39 may be used. For example, an area including a predetermined number of pixels thinned out from each of the upper adjacent pixel and the left adjacent pixel may be used as the peripheral reference area.
- the peripheral reference area is not limited to the area adjacent to the encoding target block, and may be an area not adjacent to the encoding target block.
- the peripheral reference area in the reference picture is an area specified by the motion vector of the encoding target picture from the peripheral reference area in the encoding target picture. It may be a specified area.
- the other motion vector may be a motion vector of a peripheral reference area in the encoding target picture.
- a correction parameter may be derived individually for each of Y, Cb, and Cr, or a common correction parameter may be used for any of them.
- the LIC processing may be applied in units of sub-blocks.
- the correction parameter may be derived using the peripheral reference area of the current subblock and the peripheral reference area of the reference subblock in the reference picture specified by the MV of the current subblock.
- the prediction control unit 128 selects either an intra prediction signal (a signal output from the intra prediction unit 124) or an inter prediction signal (a signal output from the inter prediction unit 126), and subtracts the selected signal as a prediction signal. Output to the unit 104 and the addition unit 116.
- the prediction control unit 128 may output a prediction parameter input to the entropy encoding unit 110.
- the entropy encoding unit 110 may generate an encoded bit stream (or sequence) based on the prediction parameter input from the prediction control unit 128 and the quantization coefficient input from the quantization unit 108.
- the prediction parameter may be used in a decoding device.
- the decoding device may receive and decode the encoded bitstream, and perform the same processing as the prediction processing performed in the intra prediction unit 124, the inter prediction unit 126, and the prediction control unit 128.
- the prediction parameter is a selected prediction signal (for example, a motion vector, a prediction type, or a prediction mode used in the intra prediction unit 124 or the inter prediction unit 126), or the intra prediction unit 124, the inter prediction unit 126, and the prediction control unit. Any index, flag, or value based on or indicative of the prediction process performed at 128 may be included.
- FIG. 40 is a block diagram illustrating an implementation example of the encoding device 100.
- the encoding device 100 includes a processor a1 and a memory a2.
- a plurality of components of the encoding device 100 illustrated in FIG. 1 are implemented by the processor a1 and the memory a2 illustrated in FIG.
- the processor a1 is a circuit that performs information processing and is a circuit that can access the memory a2.
- the processor a1 is a dedicated or general-purpose electronic circuit that encodes a moving image.
- the processor a1 may be a processor such as a CPU.
- the processor a1 may be an aggregate of a plurality of electronic circuits. Further, for example, the processor a1 may serve as a plurality of constituent elements excluding the constituent elements for storing information among the plurality of constituent elements of the encoding device 100 illustrated in FIG.
- the memory a2 is a dedicated or general-purpose memory in which information for the processor a1 to encode a moving image is stored.
- the memory a2 may be an electronic circuit and may be connected to the processor a1.
- the memory a2 may be included in the processor a1.
- the memory a2 may be an aggregate of a plurality of electronic circuits.
- the memory a2 may be a magnetic disk or an optical disk, or may be expressed as a storage or a recording medium. Further, the memory a2 may be a nonvolatile memory or a volatile memory.
- a moving image to be encoded may be stored, or a bit string corresponding to the encoded moving image may be stored.
- the memory a2 may store a program for the processor a1 to encode a moving image.
- the memory a2 may serve as a component for storing information among a plurality of components of the encoding device 100 illustrated in FIG. Specifically, the memory a2 may serve as the block memory 118 and the frame memory 122 shown in FIG. More specifically, the memory a2 may store a reconstructed block, a reconstructed picture, and the like.
- not all of the plurality of components shown in FIG. 1 or the like may be mounted, or all of the plurality of processes described above may not be performed. Some of the plurality of components shown in FIG. 1 and the like may be included in another device, and some of the plurality of processes described above may be executed by another device.
- FIG. 41 is a block diagram showing a functional configuration of decoding apparatus 200 according to the present embodiment.
- the decoding device 200 is a moving image decoding device that decodes moving images in units of blocks.
- the decoding device 200 includes an entropy decoding unit 202, an inverse quantization unit 204, an inverse transform unit 206, an addition unit 208, a block memory 210, a loop filter unit 212, and a frame memory 214. And an intra prediction unit 216, an inter prediction unit 218, and a prediction control unit 220.
- the decoding device 200 is realized by, for example, a general-purpose processor and a memory.
- the processor executes the entropy decoding unit 202, the inverse quantization unit 204, the inverse transformation unit 206, the addition unit 208, the loop filter unit 212, and the intra prediction unit. 216, the inter prediction unit 218, and the prediction control unit 220.
- the decoding apparatus 200 is dedicated to the entropy decoding unit 202, the inverse quantization unit 204, the inverse transformation unit 206, the addition unit 208, the loop filter unit 212, the intra prediction unit 216, the inter prediction unit 218, and the prediction control unit 220. It may be realized as one or more electronic circuits.
- FIG. 42 is a flowchart illustrating an example of an overall decoding process performed by the decoding apparatus 200.
- the entropy decoding unit 202 of the decoding device 200 specifies a division pattern of a fixed-size block (128 ⁇ 128 pixels) (step Sp_1).
- This division pattern is a division pattern selected by the encoding device 100.
- decoding apparatus 200 performs steps Sp_2 to Sp_6 for each of a plurality of blocks constituting the division pattern.
- the entropy decoding unit 202 decodes (specifically entropy decoding) the encoded quantization coefficient and prediction parameter of the decoding target block (also referred to as a current block) (step Sp_2).
- the inverse quantization unit 204 and the inverse transform unit 206 restore a plurality of prediction residuals (that is, difference blocks) by performing inverse quantization and inverse transform on the plurality of quantized coefficients (step Sp_3). ).
- the prediction processing unit including all or part of the intra prediction unit 216, the inter prediction unit 218, and the prediction control unit 220 generates a prediction signal (also referred to as a prediction block) of the current block (step Sp_4).
- the adding unit 208 reconstructs the current block into a reconstructed image (also referred to as a decoded image block) by adding the prediction block to the difference block (step Sp_5).
- the loop filter unit 212 performs filtering on the reconstructed image (step Sp_6).
- step Sp_7 determines whether or not the decoding of the entire picture has been completed (step Sp_7), and when determining that it has not been completed (No in step Sp_7), repeatedly performs the processing from step Sp_1.
- processing of these steps Sp_1 to Sp_7 may be performed sequentially by the decoding apparatus 200, and some of the processing may be performed in parallel, and the order may be changed. Also good.
- the entropy decoding unit 202 performs entropy decoding on the encoded bit stream. Specifically, the entropy decoding unit 202 performs arithmetic decoding from a coded bitstream to a binary signal, for example. Then, the entropy decoding unit 202 debinarizes the binary signal. The entropy decoding unit 202 outputs the quantization coefficient to the inverse quantization unit 204 in units of blocks. The entropy decoding unit 202 may output the prediction parameters included in the encoded bitstream (see FIG. 1) to the intra prediction unit 216, the inter prediction unit 218, and the prediction control unit 220. The intra prediction unit 216, the inter prediction unit 218, and the prediction control unit 220 can execute the same prediction process as the processes performed by the intra prediction unit 124, the inter prediction unit 126, and the prediction control unit 128 on the encoding device side.
- the inverse quantization unit 204 inversely quantizes the quantization coefficient of a decoding target block (hereinafter referred to as a current block) that is an input from the entropy decoding unit 202. Specifically, the inverse quantization unit 204 inversely quantizes each quantization coefficient of the current block based on the quantization parameter corresponding to the quantization coefficient. Then, the inverse quantization unit 204 outputs the quantization coefficient (that is, the transform coefficient) obtained by inverse quantization of the current block to the inverse transform unit 206.
- a decoding target block hereinafter referred to as a current block
- the inverse quantization unit 204 inversely quantizes each quantization coefficient of the current block based on the quantization parameter corresponding to the quantization coefficient. Then, the inverse quantization unit 204 outputs the quantization coefficient (that is, the transform coefficient) obtained by inverse quantization of the current block to the inverse transform unit 206.
- the inverse transform unit 206 restores the prediction error by inverse transforming the transform coefficient that is an input from the inverse quantization unit 204.
- the inverse conversion unit 206 determines the current block based on the information indicating the read conversion type. Inversely transform the conversion coefficient of.
- the inverse transform unit 206 applies inverse retransformation to the transform coefficient.
- the adder 208 reconstructs the current block by adding the prediction error input from the inverse converter 206 and the prediction sample input from the prediction controller 220. Then, the adding unit 208 outputs the reconfigured block to the block memory 210 and the loop filter unit 212.
- the block memory 210 is a storage unit for storing a block that is referred to in intra prediction and that is within a decoding target picture (hereinafter referred to as a current picture). Specifically, the block memory 210 stores the reconstructed block output from the adding unit 208.
- the loop filter unit 212 applies a loop filter to the block reconstructed by the adding unit 208, and outputs the filtered reconstructed block to the frame memory 214, the display device, and the like.
- one filter is selected from the plurality of filters based on the local gradient direction and activity, The selected filter is applied to the reconstruction block.
- the frame memory 214 is a storage unit for storing a reference picture used for inter prediction, and is sometimes called a frame buffer. Specifically, the frame memory 214 stores the reconstructed block filtered by the loop filter unit 212.
- FIG. 43 is a diagram illustrating an example of processing performed by the prediction processing unit of the decoding device 200. Note that the prediction processing unit includes all or part of the constituent elements of the intra prediction unit 216, the inter prediction unit 218, and the prediction control unit 220.
- the prediction processing unit generates a predicted image of the current block (step Sq_1).
- This prediction image is also called a prediction signal or a prediction block.
- the prediction signal includes, for example, an intra prediction signal or an inter prediction signal.
- the prediction processor generates a reconstructed image that has already been obtained by performing prediction block generation, difference block generation, coefficient block generation, difference block restoration, and decoded image block generation. To generate a predicted image of the current block.
- the reconstructed image may be, for example, an image of a reference picture or an image of a decoded block in a current picture that is a picture including the current block.
- the decoded block in the current picture is, for example, a block adjacent to the current block.
- FIG. 44 is a diagram illustrating another example of processing performed by the prediction processing unit of the decoding device 200.
- the prediction processing unit determines a method or mode for generating a predicted image (step Sr_1). For example, this method or mode may be determined based on, for example, a prediction parameter.
- the prediction processing unit When the first processing method is determined as a mode for generating a predicted image, the prediction processing unit generates a predicted image according to the first method (step Sr_2a). Further, when the second processing method is determined as the mode for generating the predicted image, the prediction processing unit generates a predicted image according to the second method (step Sr_2b). In addition, when the third processing method is determined as the mode for generating the predicted image, the prediction processing unit generates a predicted image according to the third method (step Sr_2c).
- the first method, the second method, and the third method are different methods for generating a predicted image, and are, for example, an inter prediction method, an intra prediction method, and other prediction methods, respectively. There may be. In these prediction methods, the reconstructed image described above may be used.
- the intra prediction unit 216 performs intra prediction with reference to the block in the current picture stored in the block memory 210 based on the intra prediction mode read from the encoded bitstream, so that a prediction signal (intra prediction Signal). Specifically, the intra prediction unit 216 generates an intra prediction signal by performing intra prediction with reference to a sample (for example, luminance value and color difference value) of a block adjacent to the current block, and performs prediction control on the intra prediction signal. Output to the unit 220.
- a prediction signal for example, luminance value and color difference value
- the intra prediction unit 216 may predict the color difference component of the current block based on the luminance component of the current block.
- the intra prediction unit 216 corrects the pixel value after intra prediction based on the gradient of the reference pixel in the horizontal / vertical direction.
- the inter prediction unit 218 refers to the reference picture stored in the frame memory 214 and predicts the current block. Prediction is performed in units of a current block or a sub-block (for example, 4 ⁇ 4 block) in the current block. For example, the inter prediction unit 218 performs motion compensation using motion information (for example, a motion vector) read from an encoded bitstream (for example, a prediction parameter output from the entropy decoding unit 202), thereby performing current compensation or An inter prediction signal for the sub-block is generated, and the inter prediction signal is output to the prediction control unit 220.
- motion information for example, a motion vector
- an encoded bitstream for example, a prediction parameter output from the entropy decoding unit 202
- the inter prediction unit 218 uses not only the motion information of the current block obtained by motion search but also the motion information of the adjacent block. Generate an inter prediction signal.
- the inter prediction unit 218 follows the pattern matching method (bilateral matching or template matching) read from the encoded stream. Motion information is derived by performing motion search. Then, the inter prediction unit 218 performs motion compensation (prediction) using the derived motion information.
- the inter prediction unit 218 derives a motion vector based on a model assuming constant velocity linear motion. Also, when the information read from the encoded bitstream indicates that the affine motion compensated prediction mode is applied, the inter prediction unit 218 determines the motion vector in units of subblocks based on the motion vectors of a plurality of adjacent blocks. Is derived.
- the inter prediction unit 218 derives an MV based on the information read from the encoded stream, and uses the MV. Motion compensation (prediction).
- FIG. 45 is a flowchart illustrating an example of inter prediction in the normal inter mode in the decoding apparatus 200.
- the inter prediction unit 218 of the decoding device 200 performs motion compensation on each block. At this time, the inter prediction unit 218 first obtains a plurality of candidate MVs for the current block based on information such as MVs of a plurality of decoded blocks around the current block temporally or spatially. (Step Ss_1). That is, the inter prediction unit 218 creates a candidate MV list.
- the inter prediction unit 218 selects each of N (N is an integer of 2 or more) candidate MVs from the plurality of candidate MVs acquired in step Ss_1, as predicted motion vector candidates (also referred to as predicted MV candidates). Are extracted in accordance with a predetermined priority order (step Ss_2). Note that the priority order is predetermined for each of the N predicted MV candidates.
- the inter prediction unit 218 decodes the predicted motion vector selection information from the input stream (that is, the encoded bit stream), and uses the decoded predicted motion vector selection information to generate the N predicted MV candidates.
- One prediction MV candidate is selected as a prediction motion vector (also referred to as prediction MV) of the current block (step Ss_3).
- the inter prediction unit 218 decodes the difference MV from the input stream, and adds the difference value, which is the decoded difference MV, to the selected prediction motion vector, thereby calculating the MV of the current block. Derived (step Ss_4).
- the inter prediction unit 218 generates a prediction image of the current block by performing motion compensation on the current block using the derived MV and the decoded reference picture (step Ss_5).
- the prediction control unit 220 selects either the intra prediction signal or the inter prediction signal, and outputs the selected signal to the adding unit 208 as a prediction signal.
- the configurations, functions, and processes of the prediction control unit 220, the intra prediction unit 216, and the inter prediction unit 218 on the decoding device side are the same as those of the prediction control unit 128, the intra prediction unit 124, and the inter prediction unit 126 on the coding device side. May correspond to the configuration, function, and processing.
- FIG. 46 is a block diagram illustrating an implementation example of the decoding device 200.
- the decoding device 200 includes a processor b1 and a memory b2.
- a plurality of components of the decoding device 200 illustrated in FIG. 41 are implemented by the processor b1 and the memory b2 illustrated in FIG.
- the processor b1 is a circuit that performs information processing and is a circuit that can access the memory b2.
- the processor b1 is a dedicated or general-purpose electronic circuit that decodes an encoded moving image (that is, an encoded bit stream).
- the processor b1 may be a processor such as a CPU.
- the processor b1 may be an aggregate of a plurality of electronic circuits. Further, for example, the processor b1 may serve as a plurality of constituent elements excluding the constituent elements for storing information among the plurality of constituent elements of the decoding device 200 illustrated in FIG. 41 and the like.
- the memory b2 is a dedicated or general-purpose memory in which information for the processor b1 to decode the encoded bitstream is stored.
- the memory b2 may be an electronic circuit and may be connected to the processor b1.
- the memory b2 may be included in the processor b1.
- the memory b2 may be an aggregate of a plurality of electronic circuits. Further, the memory b2 may be a magnetic disk or an optical disk, or may be expressed as a storage or a recording medium. Further, the memory b2 may be a nonvolatile memory or a volatile memory.
- a moving image may be stored, or an encoded bit stream may be stored.
- the memory b2 may store a program for the processor b1 to decode the encoded bitstream.
- the memory b2 may serve as a component for storing information among a plurality of components of the decoding device 200 illustrated in FIG. 41 and the like. Specifically, the memory b2 may serve as the block memory 210 and the frame memory 214 shown in FIG. More specifically, the memory b2 may store a reconstructed block, a reconstructed picture, and the like.
- the decoding device 200 not all of the plurality of components shown in FIG. 41 and the like may be implemented, or all of the plurality of processes described above may not be performed. Some of the plurality of components shown in FIG. 41 and the like may be included in another device, and some of the plurality of processes described above may be executed by another device.
- each term may have the following definition.
- a picture is an array of a plurality of luminance samples in a monochrome format, or two of an array of luminance samples and a plurality of color difference samples in 4: 2: 0, 4: 2: 2 and 4: 4: 4 color formats. Corresponding sequence.
- a picture may be a frame or a field.
- the frame is a top field in which a plurality of sample rows 0, 2, 4,... And a bottom field in which a plurality of sample rows 1, 3, 5,.
- a slice is an integer number of coding trees contained in one independent slice segment and all subsequent dependent slice segments preceding the next independent slice segment (if any) in the same access unit (if any). Is a unit.
- a tile is a rectangular area of a plurality of coding tree blocks in a specific tile column and a specific tile row in a picture.
- a tile may be a rectangular region of a frame that is intended to be independently decoded and encoded, although a loop filter across the edges of the tile may still be applied.
- the block is an MxN (N rows and M columns) array of a plurality of samples or an MxN array of a plurality of transform coefficients.
- the block may be a square or rectangular region of a plurality of pixels composed of a plurality of matrices of one luminance and two color differences.
- the CTU (coding tree unit) may be a coding tree block of a plurality of luminance samples of a picture having three sample arrays, or may be two corresponding coding tree blocks of a plurality of color difference samples. .
- the CTU is a multi-sample coding tree block of either a monochrome picture and a picture encoded using three separate color planes and a syntax structure used to encode the multi-samples. It may be.
- the super block may constitute one or two mode information blocks, or may be a square block of 64 ⁇ 64 pixels that can be divided into four 32 ⁇ 32 blocks recursively and further divided.
- FIG. 47 is a diagram for explaining the secondary conversion processing in the embodiment.
- the secondary conversion process is a conversion process that is further performed on the prediction residual signal that has been subjected to the primary conversion after the encoding apparatus 100 or the decoding apparatus 200 performs the primary conversion on the prediction residual signal. is there.
- orthogonal transformation or the like is performed as the transformation process.
- the implementation area of the secondary conversion process may be different from the implementation area of the primary conversion process. For example, even when the primary conversion process is performed on the entire processing target block, as shown in FIG. 47, the secondary conversion process may be performed on a part of the processing target block. .
- the partial area in the processing target block may be, for example, a sub-block on the low frequency side.
- the size of the sub-block on which the secondary conversion process is performed may not be a fixed size.
- the encoding apparatus 100 may change the size of the sub-block on which the secondary conversion process is performed according to the block size of the processing target block.
- the primary conversion process and the secondary conversion process may be separable or non-separable.
- the basis candidates used for the secondary conversion process may be a plurality of candidates.
- the encoding apparatus 100 includes a total of six bases: 4 ⁇ 4 base A, 4 ⁇ 4 base B, 4 ⁇ 4 base C, 8 ⁇ 8 base D, 8 ⁇ 8 base E, and 8 ⁇ 8 base F. May be held.
- the encoding apparatus 100 may select a candidate to be used for the secondary conversion process from among a plurality of candidates, and write information on the selected candidate into the bitstream.
- the number of base candidates to be used may be limited based on an arbitrary parameter. For example, when selecting a base candidate to be used for the secondary transformation process from a plurality of base candidates, if the length of the short side of the processing target block is 8 or more, an 8 ⁇ 8 base is used. Also good. Also, for example, when selecting a base candidate to be used for the secondary transformation process from a plurality of base candidates, if the length of the short side of the processing target block is 4, use a 4 ⁇ 4 base. It is good.
- FIG. 48 is a flowchart illustrating a processing procedure in the conversion unit of the encoding device according to the embodiment.
- the encoding apparatus 100 determines whether the processing target block is equal to or smaller than a predetermined block size (step S1000).
- the predetermined block size may be a block size that is a 4 ⁇ 4 square.
- the predetermined block size may be a block size that is a 4 ⁇ 8 or 8 ⁇ 4 rectangle.
- the predetermined block size may be the smallest block size among candidate block sizes that can be selected by the encoding apparatus 100 among the base candidates used for the secondary conversion process.
- the encoding apparatus 100 determines that the processing target block is equal to or smaller than the predetermined block size (Yes in step S1000), the encoding apparatus 100 operates without performing the secondary conversion process on the processing target block. Exit. At this time, the encoding apparatus 100 may not write a signal related to the secondary conversion process in the bit stream. That is, the encoding apparatus 100 may not encode a signal related to the secondary conversion process in the bit stream.
- the encoding device 100 determines whether or not to apply the secondary transformation process to the processing target block. (Step S1001).
- the encoding apparatus 100 determines that the secondary conversion process is to be applied to the processing target block (Yes in step S1001), the encoding apparatus 100 selects 1 or more base candidates from the one or more base candidates in the secondary conversion process. Two base candidates are selected (step S1002).
- the determination in step S1001 and the selection in step S1002 may be made according to information such as the encoding mode of the processing target block. Further, the determination in step S1001 and the selection in step S1002 may be made by evaluating the cost by performing a temporary conversion process using each of the base candidates in the one or more secondary conversion processes in step S1002. Good.
- the signal indicating the result of the determination and selection made in step S1001 and step S1002 may be written into the bitstream by the encoding device 100. That is, the signal indicating the result of the determination and selection made in step S1001 and step S1002 may be encoded in the bitstream by the encoding device 100.
- one or more base candidates in the secondary conversion process may be changed according to the size of the processing target block. For example, when the length of the short side of the processing target block is smaller than 16, the encoding apparatus 100 may use a base having a 4 ⁇ 4 square size as a base candidate used for the secondary transformation process. Then, when the length of the short side of the processing target block is 16 or more, the encoding apparatus 100 may use a base having an 8 ⁇ 8 square size as a base candidate used for the secondary transformation.
- the encoding apparatus 100 performs a secondary conversion process using the base candidates selected by the encoding apparatus 100 in step S1002 (step S1003). Then, the encoding device 100 ends the operation.
- the encoding apparatus 100 determines that the secondary conversion process is not applied to the processing target block (No in step S1001), the encoding apparatus 100 ends the operation.
- processing flow described in FIG. 48 is an example, and the order of the processing described in FIG. 48 is changed, a part of the described processing is removed, or processing that is not described is added. Also good.
- step S1000 to step S1003 described in FIG. 48 is performed in the inverse transform unit of the decoding device 200 in the same manner.
- the operation of encoding the signal in the bit stream performed by the conversion unit of the encoding device 100 is changed to the operation of decoding the signal from the bit stream.
- processing flow of the decoding device 200 described above is an example, and the order of the described processing is changed, a part of the described processing is removed, or processing that is not described is added. Also good.
- FIG. 49A is a table showing an example of the processing amount necessary for the primary conversion process per block in the embodiment.
- FIG. 49B is a table illustrating an example of a processing amount necessary for the secondary conversion processing per block in the embodiment.
- the encoding device 100 or the decoding device 200 may be able to reduce the amount of processing necessary for the conversion process.
- the block size of the processing target block is a square block size using powers of 2 of 4 ⁇ 4, 8 ⁇ 8, 16 ⁇ 16, and 32 ⁇ 32.
- 49A and 49B show numerical values assumed as the number of processes necessary for the primary conversion process and the secondary conversion process for each of the block sizes.
- the processing amount necessary for the primary conversion process and the secondary conversion process may be interpreted as the number of multiplications, the number of additions, and the sum of the number of multiplications and the number of additions.
- the size of the sub-block on which the secondary transformation process is performed that is, the size of the base used for the secondary transformation process is assumed to be a 4 ⁇ 4 square or an 8 ⁇ 8 square. Yes.
- FIG. 50 is a table showing a first example in the embodiment.
- FIG. 50 illustrates a first example in which the basis candidates used for the secondary conversion process are only 4 ⁇ 4 square size bases.
- the shape of the CTU in the first example is a 128 ⁇ 128 square.
- the processing amount required for the primary conversion process and the secondary conversion process of the entire CTU is calculated by the following expression.
- FIG. 50 shows the processing amount required for the primary conversion process and the secondary conversion process of the entire CTU for each block size of the processing target block, calculated from the same calculation as described above.
- the encoding device 100 or the decoding device 200 has two 4 ⁇ 4 square size bases for all the processing target blocks to be subjected to the primary conversion process. Used for the next conversion process.
- the processing amount is the largest when the block size of the processing target block is the largest 32 ⁇ 32 square block size.
- the processing amount is the second largest.
- FIG. 50 illustrates. The amount of processing increases significantly more than the amount of processing performed. That is, in the first example shown in FIG.
- the first example is a preferable example of a base candidate used for the secondary conversion process selected for the block size of the processing target block on which the primary conversion process is performed.
- the CTU conversion processing performed by the conversion unit of the encoding device 100 or the inverse conversion unit of the decoding device 200 requires processing different from the primary conversion processing and the secondary conversion processing shown in FIG. Is assumed. Therefore, depending on the processing amount of the processing different from the primary conversion processing and the secondary conversion processing, in the first example, the required processing amount when the block size of the processing target block is 4 ⁇ 4 is different from the other cases. There is a possibility that it will be much larger than that.
- the other process is a process required for each processing target block. For example, pre-processing or post-processing for performing conversion processing.
- the preprocessing is a process of determining a memory storage method to be used, copying data to a memory, converting the copied data, scanning the converted data in units of blocks, and transmitting the data. . Therefore, in the case of 4 ⁇ 4, the number of blocks in which the primary conversion process is performed in the CTU and the number of sub-blocks in which the secondary conversion process is performed are the largest, and therefore, different from the primary conversion process and the secondary conversion process. If processing is taken into consideration, there is a possibility that the processing amount will be the largest.
- FIG. 51 is a table showing a second example in the embodiment.
- the encoding device 100 or the decoding device 200 does not perform the secondary conversion process when the block size of the processing target block to be subjected to the primary conversion process is 4 ⁇ 4.
- the block size of the block to be processed is other than 4 ⁇ 4
- a secondary conversion process using a base candidate having a 4 ⁇ 4 square size is performed.
- the encoding device 100 uses the base having the conversion characteristics such that the coefficient values are equal before and after the conversion. It is good also as composition which performs.
- the processing amount necessary for the primary conversion process and the secondary conversion process in the entire CTU for each block size of the processing target block in the second example calculated by the calculation formula used in FIG. 50 is shown. Yes.
- the block size of the processing target block that has the largest processing amount of processing different from the primary conversion processing and the secondary conversion processing that occurs for each processing target block is The processing amount required for the primary conversion process and the secondary conversion process in the case of 4 ⁇ 4 is reduced as compared with the first example. For this reason, there is a possibility that the maximum processing amount that can occur in the conversion processing of the entire CTU can be suppressed even when the processing amount of processing different from the primary conversion processing and secondary conversion processing that occurs for each processing target block is large. is there. Therefore, the encoding apparatus 100 can promote a reduction in circuit scale in an apparatus that is mounted to perform the conversion process.
- the encoding device 100 or the decoding device 200 performs the secondary conversion process when the block size of the processing target block to be subjected to the primary conversion process is 4 ⁇ 4.
- a configuration may be adopted in which secondary conversion is not performed when the block size of the processing target block to be subjected to the primary conversion processing is other than 4 ⁇ 4.
- the encoding apparatus 100 or the decoding apparatus 200 may not perform the secondary conversion process when the block size of the processing target block that is the target of the primary conversion process is 8 ⁇ 8.
- the encoding device 100 or the decoding device 200 may not perform the secondary conversion process when the block size of the processing target block that is the target of the primary conversion process is 4 ⁇ 8 or 8 ⁇ 4.
- the encoding device 100 or the decoding device 200 performs the secondary conversion process when the block size of the processing target block that is the target of the primary conversion process is other than 8 ⁇ 8, 4 ⁇ 8, and 8 ⁇ 4. It does not have to be.
- the encoding apparatus 100 does not perform the secondary conversion process. Also good.
- the secondary conversion process may be applicable.
- the encoding device 100 uses the base having the conversion characteristics such that the coefficient values are equal before and after the conversion. It is good also as composition which performs.
- the encoding apparatus 100 or the decoding apparatus 200 will be required for every process target block among the block sizes of the process target block in which a primary conversion process is performed, and what is a primary conversion process and a secondary conversion process? It is possible to set a block size that may increase the processing amount of another process to mean that there is no candidate for a secondary transformation base. That is, the encoding device 100 or the decoding device 200 performs processing different from the primary conversion processing and the secondary conversion processing, which are necessary for each processing block, among the block sizes of the processing target blocks on which the primary conversion processing is performed. It is possible to set not to perform the secondary conversion processing for a block size that may increase the processing amount.
- the encoding apparatus 100 or the decoding apparatus 200 is set so as to mean that there is no candidate for the secondary transform base when the block size of the processing target block to be subjected to the primary transform process is 8 ⁇ 8. Is possible. Further, for example, the encoding device 100 or the decoding device 200 means that there is no candidate for the secondary transformation base when the block size of the processing target block to be subjected to the primary transformation processing is 4 ⁇ 8 or 8 ⁇ 4. It is possible to set so as to.
- the encoding device 100 or the decoding device 200 may select a candidate for a secondary transform base when the block size of a processing target block to be subjected to the primary transform process is other than 8 ⁇ 8, 4 ⁇ 8, and 8 ⁇ 4 Can be set as no candidate. Also, for example, when the block size of the processing target block to be subjected to the primary transformation process is other than 4 ⁇ 4, the encoding device 100 or the decoding device 200 sets the candidate for the secondary transformation base as “no candidate”. It becomes possible.
- the encoding apparatus 100 or the decoding apparatus 200 can improve the possibility of suppressing the maximum processing amount that can occur in the CTU conversion process. Therefore, the encoding apparatus 100 or the decoding apparatus 200 can promote the reduction of the circuit scale in an apparatus that is mounted for performing the conversion process.
- a part of the 4 ⁇ 4 square size base may be set to 0. That is, the base having a 4 ⁇ 4 square size may have a conversion characteristic in which some of the conversion coefficient values of the processing target block after performing the secondary conversion process are forced to be zero.
- FIG. 52 is a table showing a third example of the embodiment.
- the secondary conversion process is not performed.
- the secondary conversion process is performed using a base of a 4 ⁇ 4 square size.
- the secondary conversion process is performed using a base of an 8 ⁇ 8 square size.
- the encoding device 100 uses the base having the conversion characteristics such that the coefficient values are equal before and after the conversion. It is good also as composition which performs.
- the processing amount required for the primary conversion process and the secondary conversion process in the entire CTU for each block size of the processing target block in the third example calculated by the calculation formula used in FIG. 50 is shown. Yes.
- the primary transformation and the secondary transformation As shown in FIG. 52, in the third example, compared to the first example and the second example, in the case of using 16 ⁇ 16 and 32 ⁇ 32 processing target blocks, the primary transformation and the secondary transformation The amount of processing required for is increasing. However, the increase amount and the increase rate are not large. On the other hand, in the third example, the processing amount of processing different from the primary conversion processing and the secondary conversion processing that occurs for each processing target block is the largest, and the block size of the processing target block is 4 ⁇ 4. The processing amount required for the primary conversion and the secondary conversion is reduced as compared with the first example.
- the encoding apparatus 100 can promote a reduction in circuit scale in an apparatus that is mounted to perform the conversion process.
- a part of the base having an 8 ⁇ 8 square size may be set to zero. That is, the 8 ⁇ 8 square size base may have a conversion characteristic in which some of the conversion coefficient values of the processing target block after the secondary conversion process are forced to be zero.
- the processes described in the second example described in FIG. 51 and the third example described in FIG. 52 are the primary conversion process and the secondary conversion process required for each processing target block. Is not necessarily applied when the amount of processing of another process is large.
- the processes described in the second example described in FIG. 51 and the third example described in FIG. 16 are different from the primary conversion process and the secondary conversion process required for each processing target block. This may be applied when the processing amount of the process is small.
- the processes described in the second example described in FIG. 51 and the third example described in FIG. 52 are the primary conversion process and the secondary conversion process required for each processing target block.
- the maximum amount of processing that can occur in the CTU conversion processing is smaller than when the processing is applied when the processing amount of processing different from the above is large. Therefore, the encoding device 100 or the decoding device 200 can promote the reduction of the circuit scale in the device mounted for performing the conversion process.
- FIG. 53 is a table showing a fourth example in the embodiment.
- the processing target blocks of all sizes have a 4 ⁇ 4 square size used for the secondary conversion.
- the base in common By using the base in common, it is possible to suppress the maximum value of the processing amount necessary for the primary conversion process and the secondary conversion process.
- the encoding apparatus 100 performs the process for each size of the processing target block in the primary conversion process.
- Candidate groups having different bases used for the next transform base are assigned to sub-blocks on which the second transform process is performed.
- the encoding apparatus 100 selects a base to be actually applied in the secondary conversion process from among the candidate group assigned to the sub-block on which the secondary conversion process is performed.
- the candidate group may include a plurality of base candidates used for the secondary conversion process, or may include one base candidate used for the secondary conversion process.
- the candidates included in the candidate group may be a plurality of candidates that differ depending on the direction of intra prediction.
- the encoding apparatus 100 can select a base candidate used for a more appropriate secondary transformation process than in the first example.
- the shape of the base used for the secondary conversion process is a 4 ⁇ 4 square, but may be a shape other than a 4 ⁇ 4 square.
- bases of different sizes used for the secondary conversion process may be used according to the size of the processing target block.
- the encoding apparatus 100 may not perform the secondary conversion process on the size of a part of the processing target blocks.
- the encoding apparatus 100 uses a candidate group having a different basis used for the secondary conversion process for each size of the processing target block on which the primary conversion process is performed.
- the encoding apparatus 100 may use a common candidate group of bases used for the secondary conversion process with different sizes of the processing target blocks on which the primary conversion process is performed.
- the base used for the secondary conversion process includes a base of 4 ⁇ 4 size and a base of 8 ⁇ 8 size.
- the encoding apparatus 100 or the decoding apparatus 200 may be configured to select a base.
- the block size of the processing target block on which the primary conversion process is performed is 16 ⁇ 16
- the base used for the secondary conversion process includes a base of 4 ⁇ 4 size and a base of 8 ⁇ 8 size.
- the encoding apparatus 100 or the decoding apparatus 200 may be configured to select a base.
- the encoding apparatus 100 selects a base to be used for the secondary conversion process from different base candidate groups for each size of the processing target block on which the primary conversion process is performed.
- the present invention is not limited to this example.
- a configuration may be adopted in which the candidate group has different candidates. That is, in the predetermined candidate group, the candidates may have a conversion characteristic in which some of the conversion coefficient values of the processing target block after the secondary conversion process is forcibly set to 0.
- the encoding apparatus 100 or the decoding apparatus 200 may perform different secondary conversion processes depending on the block size of the processing target block on which the primary conversion process is performed.
- the encoding apparatus 100 or the decoding apparatus 200 can perform encoding in the embodiment of the present disclosure only on a luminance signal or only on a color difference signal when the block division structure of the processing target block is different between the color difference signal and the luminance signal. Alternatively, a decoding method or the like may be applied.
- the encoding device 100 or the decoding device 200 determines whether to apply the encoding method or the decoding method according to the embodiment of the present disclosure in units of slices or in units of tiles in the processing target block. Also good.
- the encoding device 100 or the decoding device 200 includes, for example, an encoding method and a decoding method according to the embodiment of the present disclosure according to the slice type (I-slice, P-slice, and B-slice) in the processing target block. It may be determined whether or not to apply.
- the encoding device 100 or the decoding device 200 sets a flag indicating that the encoding method or the decoding method according to the embodiment of the present disclosure has been applied to a processing target block, as a sequence layer, a picture layer, a slice layer, or the like You may write on the tax.
- the encoding device 100 or the decoding device 200 uses the basis conversion processing in the embodiment of the present disclosure for the basis conversion process.
- a determination method different from the candidate determination method may be used.
- the encoding apparatus 100 or the decoding apparatus 200 uses a determination method different from the determination method of the basis candidate used for the secondary conversion process in the embodiment of the present disclosure for the secondary conversion process in the embodiment of the present disclosure. It may be used in combination with the candidate determination method.
- the encoding apparatus 100 or the decoding apparatus 200 may determine a basis candidate used for the secondary conversion process using the intra prediction mode and a basis candidate determination method used for the secondary conversion process according to the embodiment of the present disclosure. And may be used in combination.
- the processing target block is a square, but the processing target block may not be a square.
- the processing target block may be a rectangle.
- the shape of the base used for the secondary transformation process is a square, but the shape of the base used for the secondary transformation process may not be a square. Good.
- the shape of the base used for the secondary conversion process may be a rectangle.
- FIG. 54 is a flowchart illustrating an operation example of the encoding device according to the embodiment.
- the encoding apparatus 100 illustrated in FIG. 40 performs the operation illustrated in FIG. 54 when performing the conversion process that applies the secondary conversion process to the prediction residual signal subjected to the primary conversion.
- the processor a1 performs the following operation using the memory a2.
- the encoding apparatus 100 is composed of one or more candidates for transform bases, and selects one transform base from different candidate groups according to the block size of the processing target block (step S2001).
- the encoding apparatus 100 further applies a secondary transform having a common block size to the transform coefficient obtained by applying the primary transform to the prediction residual signal (step S2002).
- the transformation base of the secondary transformation may be a 4 ⁇ 4 square.
- the transform base of the secondary transform may be an 8 ⁇ 8 square.
- a common transform base candidate may be assigned to a processing target block of a part of a plurality of block sizes in the secondary transform.
- the encoding apparatus 100 determines that the secondary transformation is not applied to the transform coefficient, and the block size of the processing target block is the predetermined block size. If it is larger, it may be determined that the secondary transformation is applied to the transformation coefficient.
- the predetermined block size of the processing target block when the encoding apparatus 100 determines that the secondary transformation is not applied to the processing target block may be a 4 ⁇ 4 square.
- the predetermined block size of the processing target block when the encoding apparatus 100 determines that the secondary transformation is not applied to the processing target block may be a 4 ⁇ 8 or 8 ⁇ 4 rectangle.
- the predetermined block size of the processing target block when the encoding apparatus 100 determines that the secondary conversion is not applied to the processing target block is the block size of the processing target block that can be selected in the secondary conversion.
- the block size of the processing target block that can be selected in the minimum secondary transformation may be equal.
- FIG. 55 is a flowchart illustrating an operation example of the decoding device according to the embodiment.
- the decoding apparatus 200 illustrated in FIG. 46 performs the operation illustrated in FIG. 55 when performing an inverse transform process in which a primary transform is further applied to a transform coefficient to which a secondary transform is applied.
- the processor b1 performs the following operation using the memory b2.
- the decoding apparatus 200 is configured with one or more candidates of transform bases, and selects one transform base from different candidate groups according to the block size of the processing target block (step S3001).
- the decoding apparatus 200 performs an inverse transform process that applies a primary transform to transform coefficients obtained by applying a secondary transform having a common block size to the transform coefficient signal (step S3002).
- the transformation base of the secondary transformation may be a 4 ⁇ 4 square.
- the transformation base of the secondary transformation may be an 8 ⁇ 8 square.
- a common transform base candidate may be assigned to a processing target block of a part of a plurality of block sizes in the secondary transform.
- the decoding apparatus 200 determines that the secondary transformation is not applied to the transform coefficient, and the block size of the processing target block is larger than the predetermined block size. If it is larger, it may be determined that the secondary transformation is applied to the transformation coefficient.
- the predetermined block size of the processing target block when the decoding apparatus 200 determines that the secondary transformation is not applied to the processing target block may be a 4 ⁇ 4 square.
- the predetermined block size of the processing target block when the decoding apparatus 200 determines that the secondary transformation is not applied to the processing target block may be a 4 ⁇ 8 or 8 ⁇ 4 rectangle.
- the predetermined block size of the processing target block when the decoding apparatus 200 determines that the secondary conversion is not applied to the processing target block is the block size of the processing target block that can be selected in the secondary conversion. It may be equal to the block size of the processing target block that can be selected in the minimum secondary transformation.
- the encoding device 100 and the decoding device 200 in the present embodiment may be used as an image encoding device and an image decoding device, respectively, or may be used as a moving image encoding device and a moving image decoding device, respectively.
- each component may be configured by dedicated hardware or may be realized by executing a software program suitable for each component.
- Each component may be realized by a program execution unit such as a CPU or a processor reading and executing a software program recorded on a recording medium such as a hard disk or a semiconductor memory.
- each of the encoding device 100 and the decoding device 200 includes a processing circuit (Processing Circuit) and a storage device (Storage) electrically connected to the processing circuit and accessible from the processing circuit.
- a processing circuit Processing Circuit
- Storage Storage
- the processing circuit corresponds to the processor a1 or b1
- the storage device corresponds to the memory a2 or b2.
- the processing circuit includes at least one of dedicated hardware and a program execution unit, and executes processing using a storage device. Further, when the processing circuit includes a program execution unit, the storage device stores a software program executed by the program execution unit.
- the software that realizes the encoding apparatus 100 or the decoding apparatus 200 of the present embodiment is the following program.
- the program further causes the plurality of blocks to be applied to a transform coefficient obtained by applying a primary transform to the prediction residual signal in a processing target block among a plurality of blocks having a plurality of block sizes.
- a transformation process that applies a secondary transformation of a common block size is performed, and the secondary transformation of the common block size is composed of one or more candidates of transformation bases, and varies depending on the block size of the processing target block
- An encoding method for selecting one of the transform bases from the candidate group may be executed.
- the program converts a transform coefficient obtained by applying a second-order transform having a block size common to the plurality of blocks to a transform coefficient signal in a processing target block among a plurality of blocks having a plurality of block sizes.
- an inverse transformation process that applies a primary transformation is further performed.
- the transformation is composed of one or more candidates of transformation bases, and differs depending on the block size of the processing target block.
- a decoding method for selecting one of the conversion bases from the candidate group may be executed.
- each component may be a circuit as described above. These circuits may constitute one circuit as a whole, or may be separate circuits. Each component may be realized by a general-purpose processor or a dedicated processor.
- the encoding / decoding device may include the encoding device 100 and the decoding device 200.
- ordinal numbers such as the first and second used in the description may be appropriately replaced.
- an ordinal number may be newly given to a component or the like, or may be removed.
- the aspect of the encoding apparatus 100 and the decoding apparatus 200 was demonstrated based on embodiment, the aspect of the encoding apparatus 100 and decoding apparatus 200 is not limited to this embodiment. As long as it does not deviate from the gist of the present disclosure, the encoding device 100 and the decoding device 200 may be configured in which various modifications conceived by those skilled in the art have been made in the present embodiment, or in a form constructed by combining components in different embodiments. It may be included within the scope of the embodiment.
- This aspect may be implemented in combination with at least a part of other aspects in the present disclosure.
- a part of the processing, a part of the configuration of the apparatus, a part of the syntax, and the like described in the flowchart of this aspect may be implemented in combination with another aspect.
- each functional or functional block can be realized typically by an MPU (micro processing unit), a memory, or the like.
- the processing by each of the functional blocks may be realized as a program execution unit such as a processor that reads and executes software (program) recorded in a recording medium such as a ROM.
- the software may be distributed.
- the software may be recorded on various recording media such as a semiconductor memory.
- Each functional block can be realized by hardware (dedicated circuit).
- each embodiment may be realized by centralized processing using a single device (system), or may be realized by distributed processing using a plurality of devices.
- the number of processors that execute the program may be one or more. That is, centralized processing may be performed, or distributed processing may be performed.
- Such a system may include an image encoding device using the image encoding method, an image decoding device using the image decoding method, or an image encoding / decoding device including both. Other configurations of such a system can be appropriately changed according to circumstances.
- FIG. 56 is a diagram showing an overall configuration of an appropriate content supply system ex100 that implements a content distribution service.
- the communication service providing area is divided into desired sizes, and base stations ex106, ex107, ex108, ex109, and ex110, which are fixed wireless stations in the illustrated example, are installed in each cell.
- the devices such as a computer ex111, a game machine ex112, a camera ex113, a home appliance ex114, and a smartphone ex115 via the Internet ex101, the Internet service provider ex102 or the communication network ex104, and the base stations ex106 to ex110.
- the content supply system ex100 may be connected in combination with any of the above devices.
- the devices may be directly or indirectly connected to each other via a telephone network or short-range wireless communication without using the base stations ex106 to ex110.
- the streaming server ex103 may be connected to devices such as the computer ex111, the game machine ex112, the camera ex113, the home appliance ex114, and the smartphone ex115 via the Internet ex101.
- the streaming server ex103 may be connected to a terminal or the like in a hot spot in the airplane ex117 via the satellite ex116.
- the streaming server ex103 may be directly connected to the communication network ex104 without going through the Internet ex101 or the Internet service provider ex102, or may be directly connected to the airplane ex117 without going through the satellite ex116.
- the camera ex113 is a device that can shoot still images and moving images such as a digital camera.
- the smartphone ex115 is a smartphone, a cellular phone, or a PHS (Personal Handyphone System) that supports a mobile communication system called 2G, 3G, 3.9G, 4G, and 5G in the future.
- PHS Personal Handyphone System
- Home appliance ex114 is a refrigerator or a device included in a household fuel cell cogeneration system.
- a terminal having a photographing function is connected to the streaming server ex103 through the base station ex106 or the like, thereby enabling live distribution or the like.
- the terminal (computer ex111, game machine ex112, camera ex113, home appliance ex114, smartphone ex115, terminal in airplane ex117, etc.) is used for the still image or video content captured by the user using the terminal.
- the encoding processing described in each embodiment may be performed, and video data obtained by encoding may be multiplexed with sound data obtained by encoding sound corresponding to the video, and the obtained data is streamed. You may transmit to the server ex103. That is, each terminal functions as an image encoding device according to an aspect of the present disclosure.
- the streaming server ex103 streams the content data transmitted to the requested client.
- the client is a computer or the like in the computer ex111, the game machine ex112, the camera ex113, the home appliance ex114, the smart phone ex115, or the airplane ex117 that can decode the encoded data.
- Each device that has received the distributed data decrypts and reproduces the received data. That is, each device may function as an image decoding device according to an aspect of the present disclosure.
- the streaming server ex103 may be a plurality of servers or a plurality of computers, and may process, record, and distribute data in a distributed manner.
- the streaming server ex103 may be realized by a CDN (Contents Delivery Network), and content distribution may be realized by a network connecting a large number of edge servers and edge servers distributed all over the world.
- CDN Contents Delivery Network
- edge servers that are physically close to each other are dynamically allocated according to clients. Then, the content can be cached and distributed to the edge server, thereby reducing the delay.
- processing is distributed among multiple edge servers, or the distribution subject is switched to another edge server, or a failure occurs. Since delivery can be continued bypassing the network part, high-speed and stable delivery can be realized.
- the captured data may be encoded at each terminal, may be performed on the server side, or may be shared with each other.
- a processing loop is performed twice.
- the first loop the complexity of the image or the code amount in units of frames or scenes is detected.
- the second loop processing for maintaining the image quality and improving the coding efficiency is performed.
- the terminal performs the first encoding process
- the server receiving the content performs the second encoding process, thereby improving the quality and efficiency of the content while reducing the processing load on each terminal. it can.
- the encoded data of the first time performed by the terminal can be received and reproduced by another terminal, enabling more flexible real-time distribution.
- the camera ex113 or the like extracts a feature amount from an image, compresses data relating to the feature amount as metadata, and transmits the metadata to the server.
- the server performs compression according to the meaning (or importance of the content) of the image, for example, by determining the importance of the object from the feature amount and switching the quantization accuracy.
- the feature data is particularly effective for improving the accuracy and efficiency of motion vector prediction at the time of re-compression on the server.
- simple coding such as VLC (variable length coding) may be performed at the terminal, and coding with a large processing load such as CABAC (context adaptive binary arithmetic coding) may be performed at the server.
- a plurality of video data in which almost the same scene is captured by a plurality of terminals.
- a GOP Group of Picture
- a picture unit or a tile obtained by dividing a picture using a plurality of terminals that have performed shooting and other terminals and servers that have not performed shooting as necessary.
- Distributed processing is performed by assigning encoding processing in units or the like. Thereby, delay can be reduced and real-time property can be realized.
- the server may manage and / or instruct the video data captured by each terminal to refer to each other. Also, encoded data from each terminal may be received by the server and re-encoded by changing the reference relationship among a plurality of data or correcting or replacing the picture itself. This makes it possible to generate a stream with improved quality and efficiency of each piece of data.
- the server may distribute the video data after performing transcoding to change the encoding method of the video data.
- the server may convert the MPEG encoding system into a VP system (for example, VP9). 264. It may be converted into H.265.
- VP system for example, VP9
- the encoding process can be performed by a terminal or one or more servers. Therefore, in the following, description such as “server” or “terminal” is used as the subject performing processing, but part or all of processing performed by the server may be performed by the terminal, or processing performed by the terminal may be performed. Some or all may be performed at the server. The same applies to the decoding process.
- the server not only encodes a two-dimensional moving image, but also encodes a still image automatically based on a scene analysis of the moving image or at a time specified by the user and transmits it to the receiving terminal. Also good.
- the server can acquire the relative positional relationship between the photographing terminals, the server obtains the three-dimensional shape of the scene based on not only the two-dimensional moving image but also the video obtained by photographing the same scene from different angles. Can be generated.
- the server may separately encode the three-dimensional data generated by the point cloud or the like, and based on the result of recognizing or tracking the person or object using the three-dimensional data, a plurality of videos to be transmitted to the receiving terminal The video may be selected or reconstructed from the video shot by the terminal.
- the user can arbitrarily select each video corresponding to each photographing terminal and enjoy a scene, or can select a video of a selected viewpoint from three-dimensional data reconstructed using a plurality of images or videos. You can also enjoy the clipped content. Further, along with the video, sound is picked up from a plurality of different angles, and the server can multiplex the sound from a specific angle or space with the corresponding video and transmit the multiplexed video and sound. Good.
- the server may create viewpoint images for the right eye and the left eye, respectively, and perform encoding that allows reference between the viewpoint videos by Multi-View Coding (MVC) or the like. You may encode as another stream, without referring. At the time of decoding another stream, it is preferable to reproduce in synchronization with each other so that a virtual three-dimensional space is reproduced according to the viewpoint of the user.
- MVC Multi-View Coding
- the server superimposes virtual object information in the virtual space on the camera information in the real space based on the three-dimensional position or the movement of the user's viewpoint.
- the decoding device may acquire or hold virtual object information and three-dimensional data, generate a two-dimensional image according to the movement of the user's viewpoint, and create superimposition data by connecting them smoothly.
- the decoding device may transmit the movement of the user's viewpoint to the server in addition to the request for virtual object information.
- the server may create superimposition data in accordance with the movement of the viewpoint received from the three-dimensional data held by the server, encode the superimposition data, and distribute it to the decoding device.
- the superimposed data has an ⁇ value indicating transparency in addition to RGB
- the server sets the ⁇ value of a portion other than the object created from the three-dimensional data to 0 or the like, and the portion is transparent. May be encoded.
- the server may generate data in which a RGB value of a predetermined value is set as the background, such as a chroma key, and the portion other than the object is set to the background color.
- the decryption processing of the distributed data may be performed at each terminal as a client, may be performed on the server side, or may be performed in a shared manner.
- a terminal may once send a reception request to the server, receive content corresponding to the request at another terminal, perform a decoding process, and transmit a decoded signal to a device having a display.
- a part of a region such as a tile in which a picture is divided may be decoded and displayed on a viewer's personal terminal while receiving large-size image data on a TV or the like. Accordingly, it is possible to confirm at hand the area in which the person is responsible or the area to be confirmed in more detail while sharing the whole image.
- the user may switch in real time while freely selecting a decoding device or display device such as a user terminal, a display arranged indoors or outdoors.
- decoding can be performed while switching between a terminal to be decoded and a terminal to be displayed using its own position information and the like. This makes it possible to map and display information on the wall or part of the ground of an adjacent building in which a displayable device is embedded while the user is moving to the destination.
- access to encoded data on the network such as when the encoded data is cached in a server that can be accessed from the receiving terminal in a short time, or copied to the edge server in the content delivery service. It is also possible to switch the bit rate of received data based on ease.
- the switching of content will be described using a scalable stream that is compression-encoded by applying the moving image encoding method shown in each of the above embodiments shown in FIG.
- the server may have a plurality of streams of the same content and different quality as individual streams, but the temporal / spatial scalable implementation realized by dividing into layers as shown in the figure.
- the configuration may be such that the content is switched by utilizing the characteristics of the stream.
- the decoding side decides which layer to decode according to internal factors such as performance and external factors such as the state of communication bandwidth, so that the decoding side can combine low resolution content and high resolution content. You can switch freely and decrypt.
- the device when the user wants to watch the continuation of the video viewed on the smartphone ex115 while moving, for example, on the device such as the Internet TV after returning home, the device only has to decode the same stream to a different layer. The burden on the side can be reduced.
- the enhancement layer includes meta information based on image statistical information, etc., in addition to a configuration in which scalability is realized by an enhancement layer higher than the base layer. Also good.
- the decoding side may generate content with high image quality by super-resolution of the base layer picture based on the meta information. Super-resolution may improve the signal-to-noise ratio while maintaining and / or enlarging the resolution.
- Meta information is information for specifying linear or nonlinear filter coefficients used for super-resolution processing, or information for specifying parameter values in filter processing, machine learning, or least-squares calculation used for super-resolution processing, etc. including.
- a configuration may be provided in which a picture is divided into tiles or the like according to the meaning of an object or the like in an image.
- the decoding side decodes only a part of the area by selecting a tile to be decoded.
- the decoding side can determine the position of the desired object based on the meta information. Can be identified and the tile containing the object can be determined.
- the meta information may be stored using a data storage structure different from the pixel data, such as a SEI (supplemental enhancement information) message in HEVC. This meta information indicates, for example, the position, size, or color of the main object.
- Meta information may be stored in units composed of a plurality of pictures, such as streams, sequences, or random access units.
- the decoding side can acquire the time at which a specific person appears in the video, and by combining the information in units of pictures and the time information, the picture where the object exists can be specified, and the position of the object in the picture can be determined.
- FIG. 59 shows an example of a web page display screen on the computer ex111 or the like.
- FIG. 60 is a diagram illustrating a display screen example of a web page on the smartphone ex115 or the like.
- the web page may include a plurality of link images that are links to image contents, and the appearance differs depending on the browsing device.
- the display device When a plurality of link images are visible on the screen, the display device (until the user explicitly selects the link image, or until the link image approaches the center of the screen or the entire link image enters the screen)
- the decoding device may display a still image or an I picture included in each content as a link image, or may display a video like a gif animation with a plurality of still images or I pictures, or a base layer May be received and the video may be decoded and displayed.
- the display device When a link image is selected by the user, the display device performs decoding while giving the base layer the highest priority. If there is information indicating that the HTML constituting the web page is scalable content, the display device may decode up to the enhancement layer. Furthermore, in order to ensure real-time performance, the display device only decodes forward reference pictures (I pictures, P pictures, forward reference only B pictures) before being selected or when the communication bandwidth is very strict. In addition, the delay between the decoding time of the first picture and the display time (delay from the start of content decoding to the start of display) can be reduced by displaying. Still further, the display device may ignore the reference relationship of pictures and perform rough decoding with all B pictures and P pictures as forward references, and perform normal decoding as the number of received pictures increases over time. .
- forward reference pictures I pictures, P pictures, forward reference only B pictures
- the receiving terminal when transmitting or receiving still images or video data such as two-dimensional or three-dimensional map information for automatic driving or driving support of a car, the receiving terminal adds meta data in addition to image data belonging to one or more layers.
- Information such as weather or construction may be received as information, and these may be correlated and decoded.
- the meta information may belong to a layer or may be simply multiplexed with image data.
- the receiving terminal since a car, drone, airplane, or the like including the receiving terminal moves, the receiving terminal transmits the position information of the receiving terminal, thereby performing seamless reception and decoding while switching the base stations ex106 to ex110. realizable. Also, the receiving terminal dynamically switches how much meta information is received or how much map information is updated according to the user's selection, the user's situation, and / or the communication band state. Is possible.
- the encoded information transmitted by the user can be received, decoded and reproduced in real time by the client.
- the content supply system ex100 can perform not only high-quality and long-time content by a video distributor but also unicast or multicast distribution of low-quality and short-time content by an individual. Such personal contents are expected to increase in the future.
- the server may perform the encoding process after performing the editing process. This can be realized, for example, using the following configuration.
- the server After shooting, the server performs recognition processing such as shooting error, scene search, semantic analysis, and object detection from original image data or encoded data. Then, the server manually or automatically corrects out-of-focus or camera shake based on the recognition result, or selects a low-importance scene such as a scene whose brightness is low or out of focus compared to other pictures. Edit such as deleting, emphasizing the edge of an object, and changing the hue. The server encodes the edited data based on the editing result. It is also known that if the shooting time is too long, the audience rating will decrease, and the server will move not only in the less important scenes as described above, but also in motion according to the shooting time. A scene with few images may be automatically clipped based on the image processing result. Alternatively, the server may generate and encode a digest based on the result of the semantic analysis of the scene.
- recognition processing such as shooting error, scene search, semantic analysis, and object detection from original image data or encoded data. Then, the server manually or automatically corrects out-of-focus or
- the server may change and encode the face of the person in the periphery of the screen or the inside of the house into an unfocused image. Furthermore, the server recognizes whether or not a face of a person different from the person registered in advance is shown in the encoding target image, and if so, performs processing such as applying a mosaic to the face part. May be.
- a user or a background area that the user wants to process an image from the viewpoint of copyright or the like may be designated. The server may perform processing such as replacing the designated area with another video or defocusing. If it is a person, it is possible to track the person in the moving image and replace the image of the face portion of the person.
- the decoding device Since viewing of personal content with a small amount of data is strongly demanded for real-time performance, the decoding device first receives the base layer with the highest priority and performs decoding and playback, depending on the bandwidth.
- the decoding device may receive the enhancement layer during this time, and may play back high-quality video including the enhancement layer when played back twice or more, such as when playback is looped.
- a stream that is scalable in this way can provide an experience in which the stream becomes smarter and the image is improved gradually, although it is a rough moving picture when it is not selected or at the beginning of viewing.
- the same experience can be provided even if the coarse stream played back the first time and the second stream coded with reference to the first video are configured as one stream. .
- LSI ex500 included in each terminal.
- the LSI (large scale integration circuit) ex500 may be a single chip or may be composed of a plurality of chips.
- moving image encoding or decoding software is incorporated into some recording medium (CD-ROM, flexible disk, hard disk, etc.) that can be read by the computer ex111 and the like, and encoding or decoding processing is performed using the software. Also good.
- moving image data acquired by the camera may be transmitted. The moving image data at this time is data encoded by the LSI ex500 included in the smartphone ex115.
- the LSI ex500 may be configured to download and activate application software.
- the terminal first determines whether the terminal is compatible with the content encoding method or has a specific service execution capability. If the terminal does not support the content encoding method or does not have the capability to execute a specific service, the terminal downloads a codec or application software, and then acquires and reproduces the content.
- the content supply system ex100 via the Internet ex101, but also a digital broadcasting system, at least the moving image encoding device (image encoding device) or the moving image decoding device (image decoding device) of the above embodiments. Any of these can be incorporated.
- the unicasting of the content supply system ex100 is suitable for multicasting because it uses a satellite or the like to transmit and receive multiplexed data in which video and sound are multiplexed on broadcasting radio waves.
- the same application is possible for the encoding process and the decoding process.
- FIG. 61 is a diagram showing further details of the smartphone ex115 shown in FIG.
- FIG. 62 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of the smartphone ex115.
- the smartphone ex115 receives the antenna ex450 for transmitting and receiving radio waves to and from the base station ex110, the camera unit ex465 capable of taking video and still images, the video captured by the camera unit ex465, and the antenna ex450.
- the smartphone ex115 further includes an operation unit ex466 that is a touch panel or the like, a voice output unit ex457 that is a speaker or the like for outputting voice or sound, a voice input unit ex456 that is a microphone or the like for inputting voice, Memory unit ex467 that can store encoded video or still image, recorded audio, received video or still image, encoded data such as mail, or decoded data, and a user, and network A slot part ex464, which is an interface part with the SIMex 468 for authenticating access to various data.
- An external memory may be used instead of the memory unit ex467.
- a main control unit ex460 that comprehensively controls the display unit ex458, the operation unit ex466, and the like, a power supply circuit unit ex461, an operation input control unit ex462, a video signal processing unit ex455, a camera interface unit ex463, a display control unit ex459, modulation / demodulation
- the unit ex452, the multiplexing / demultiplexing unit ex453, the audio signal processing unit ex454, the slot unit ex464, and the memory unit ex467 are connected via a synchronous bus ex470.
- the power supply circuit unit ex461 starts up the smartphone ex115 and supplies power to each unit from the battery pack.
- the smartphone ex115 performs processing such as calling and data communication based on the control of the main control unit ex460 having a CPU, a ROM, a RAM, and the like.
- the audio signal collected by the audio input unit ex456 is converted into a digital audio signal by the audio signal processing unit ex454, spread spectrum processing is performed by the modulation / demodulation unit ex452, and digital / analog conversion processing is performed by the transmission / reception unit ex451. And frequency conversion processing are performed, and the resulting signal is transmitted via the antenna ex450.
- the received data is amplified and subjected to frequency conversion processing and analog-digital conversion processing, spectrum despreading processing is performed by the modulation / demodulation unit ex452, and converted to analog audio signal by the audio signal processing unit ex454, and then this is output to the audio output unit ex457.
- text, a still image, or video data is sent to the main control unit ex460 via the operation input control unit ex462 based on the operation of the operation unit ex466 of the main unit. Similar transmission / reception processing is performed.
- the video signal processing unit ex455 uses the video signal stored in the memory unit ex467 or the video signal input from the camera unit ex465 as described above.
- the video data is compressed and encoded by the moving image encoding method shown in the form, and the encoded video data is sent to the multiplexing / demultiplexing unit ex453.
- the audio signal processing unit ex454 encodes the audio signal picked up by the audio input unit ex456 while the video or still image is being imaged by the camera unit ex465, and sends the encoded audio data to the multiplexing / demultiplexing unit ex453.
- the multiplexing / demultiplexing unit ex453 multiplexes the encoded video data and the encoded audio data by a predetermined method, and the modulation / demodulation unit (modulation / demodulation circuit unit) ex452 and the modulation / demodulation unit ex451 perform modulation processing and conversion.
- the data is processed and transmitted via the antenna ex450.
- the multiplexing / demultiplexing unit ex453 performs multiplexing By separating the multiplexed data, the multiplexed data is divided into a bit stream of video data and a bit stream of audio data, and the encoded video data is supplied to the video signal processing unit ex455 via the synchronization bus ex470, and The encoded audio data is supplied to the audio signal processing unit ex454.
- the video signal processing unit ex455 decodes the video signal by the video decoding method corresponding to the video encoding method shown in each of the above embodiments, and is linked from the display unit ex458 via the display control unit ex459. A video or still image included in the moving image file is displayed.
- the audio signal processing unit ex454 decodes the audio signal, and the audio is output from the audio output unit ex457.
- the initial value is a configuration in which only the video data is reproduced without reproducing the audio signal, and the audio may be synchronized and reproduced only when the user performs an operation such as clicking on the video data. .
- the smartphone ex115 has been described here as an example, in addition to a transmission / reception terminal having both an encoder and a decoder as a terminal, a transmission terminal having only an encoder and a reception having only a decoder Three other implementation formats are possible: a terminal.
- the digital broadcasting system has been described as receiving or transmitting multiplexed data in which audio data is multiplexed with video data.
- the multiplexed data may be multiplexed with character data related to video in addition to audio data.
- video data itself may be received or transmitted instead of multiplexed data.
- main control unit ex460 including the CPU has been described as controlling the encoding or decoding process
- various terminals often include a GPU. Therefore, a configuration may be adopted in which a wide area is processed in a lump by utilizing the performance of the GPU by using a memory shared by the CPU and the GPU or a memory whose addresses are managed so as to be used in common.
- the encoding time can be shortened, real-time performance can be ensured, and low delay can be realized.
- SAO Sample Adaptive Offset
- the present disclosure can be used for, for example, a television receiver, a digital video recorder, a car navigation, a mobile phone, a digital camera, a digital video camera, a video conference system, or an electronic mirror.
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Abstract
Description
例えば、符号化装置等は、予測残差信号に対して一次変換を適用した変換係数に対して、さらに直交変換などの変換を施す二次変換を行う場合がある。このとき、符号化装置等は、予測残差信号に対して一次変換を適用した変換係数に対して、複数のブロックサイズの二次変換を適用しうる。
[符号化装置]
まず、本実施の形態に係る符号化装置を説明する。図1は、本実施の形態に係る符号化装置100の機能構成を示すブロック図である。符号化装置100は、動画像をブロック単位で符号化する動画像符号化装置である。
図2は、符号化装置100による全体的な符号化処理の一例を示すフローチャートである。
分割部102は、入力動画像に含まれる各ピクチャを複数のブロックに分割し、各ブロックを減算部104に出力する。例えば、分割部102は、まず、ピクチャを固定サイズ(例えば128x128)のブロックに分割する。この固定サイズのブロックは、符号化ツリーユニット(CTU)と呼ばれることがある。そして、分割部102は、例えば再帰的な四分木(quadtree)及び/又は二分木(binary tree)ブロック分割に基づいて、固定サイズのブロックの各々を可変サイズ(例えば64x64以下)のブロックに分割する。すなわち、分割部102は、分割パターンを選択する。この可変サイズのブロックは、符号化ユニット(CU)、予測ユニット(PU)あるいは変換ユニット(TU)と呼ばれることがある。なお、種々の実装例では、CU、PU及びTUは区別される必要はなく、ピクチャ内の一部又はすべてのブロックがCU、PU、TUの処理単位となってもよい。
ピクチャを並列にデコードするために、ピクチャはスライス単位またはタイル単位で構成される場合がある。スライス単位またはタイル単位からなるピクチャは、分割部102によって構成されてもよい。
減算部104は、分割部102から入力され、分割部102によって分割されたブロック単位で、原信号(原サンプル)から予測信号(以下に示す予測制御部128から入力される予測サンプル)を減算する。つまり、減算部104は、符号化対象ブロック(以下、カレントブロックという)の予測誤差(残差ともいう)を算出する。そして、減算部104は、算出された予測誤差(残差)を変換部106に出力する。
変換部106は、空間領域の予測誤差を周波数領域の変換係数に変換し、変換係数を量子化部108に出力する。具体的には、変換部106は、例えば空間領域の予測誤差に対して予め定められた離散コサイン変換(DCT)又は離散サイン変換(DST)を行う。
量子化部108は、変換部106から出力された変換係数を量子化する。具体的には、量子化部108は、カレントブロックの変換係数を所定の走査順序で走査し、走査された変換係数に対応する量子化パラメータ(QP)に基づいて当該変換係数を量子化する。そして、量子化部108は、カレントブロックの量子化された変換係数(以下、量子化係数という)をエントロピー符号化部110及び逆量子化部112に出力する。
エントロピー符号化部110は、量子化部108から入力された量子化係数に基づいて符号化信号(符号化ビットストリーム)を生成する。具体的には、エントロピー符号化部110は、例えば、量子化係数を二値化し、二値信号を算術符号化し、圧縮されたビットストリームまたはシーケンスを出力する。
逆量子化部112は、量子化部108から入力された量子化係数を逆量子化する。具体的には、逆量子化部112は、カレントブロックの量子化係数を所定の走査順序で逆量子化する。そして、逆量子化部112は、カレントブロックの逆量子化された変換係数を逆変換部114に出力する。
逆変換部114は、逆量子化部112から入力された変換係数を逆変換することにより予測誤差(残差)を復元する。具体的には、逆変換部114は、変換係数に対して、変換部106による変換に対応する逆変換を行うことにより、カレントブロックの予測誤差を復元する。そして、逆変換部114は、復元された予測誤差を加算部116に出力する。
加算部116は、逆変換部114から入力された予測誤差と予測制御部128から入力された予測サンプルとを加算することによりカレントブロックを再構成する。そして、加算部116は、再構成されたブロックをブロックメモリ118及びループフィルタ部120に出力する。再構成ブロックは、ローカル復号ブロックと呼ばれることもある。
ブロックメモリ118は、例えば、イントラ予測で参照されるブロックであって符号化対象ピクチャ(カレントピクチャという)内のブロックを格納するための記憶部である。具体的には、ブロックメモリ118は、加算部116から出力された再構成ブロックを格納する。
フレームメモリ122は、例えば、インター予測に用いられる参照ピクチャを格納するための記憶部であり、フレームバッファと呼ばれることもある。具体的には、フレームメモリ122は、ループフィルタ部120によってフィルタされた再構成ブロックを格納する。
ループフィルタ部120は、加算部116によって再構成されたブロックにループフィルタを施し、フィルタされた再構成ブロックをフレームメモリ122に出力する。ループフィルタとは、符号化ループ内で用いられるフィルタ(インループフィルタ)であり、例えば、デブロッキング・フィルタ(DFまたはDBF)、サンプルアダプティブオフセット(SAO)及びアダプティブループフィルタ(ALF)などを含む。
デブロッキング・フィルタでは、ループフィルタ部120は、再構成画像のブロック境界にフィルタ処理を行うことによって、そのブロック境界に生じる歪みを減少させる。
q’1=(p0+q0+q1+q2+2)/4
q’2=(p0+q0+q1+3×q2+2×q3+4)/8
図11は、符号化装置100の予測処理部で行われる処理の一例を示す図である。なお、予測処理部は、イントラ予測部124、インター予測部126、および予測制御部128の全てまたは一部の構成要素からなる。
イントラ予測部124は、ブロックメモリ118に格納されたカレントピクチャ内のブロックを参照してカレントブロックのイントラ予測(画面内予測ともいう)を行うことで、予測信号(イントラ予測信号)を生成する。具体的には、イントラ予測部124は、カレントブロックに隣接するブロックのサンプル(例えば輝度値、色差値)を参照してイントラ予測を行うことでイントラ予測信号を生成し、イントラ予測信号を予測制御部128に出力する。
インター予測部126は、フレームメモリ122に格納された参照ピクチャであってカレントピクチャとは異なる参照ピクチャを参照してカレントブロックのインター予測(画面間予測ともいう)を行うことで、予測信号(インター予測信号)を生成する。インター予測は、カレントブロック又はカレントブロック内のカレントサブブロック(例えば4x4ブロック)の単位で行われる。例えば、インター予測部126は、カレントブロック又はカレントサブブロックについて参照ピクチャ内で動き探索(motion estimation)を行い、そのカレントブロック又はカレントサブブロックに最も一致する参照ブロック又はサブブロックを見つける。そして、インター予測部126は、参照ブロック又はサブブロックからカレントブロック又はサブブロックへの動き又は変化を補償する動き情報(例えば動きベクトル)を取得する。インター予測部126は、その動き情報に基づいて、動き補償(または動き予測)を行い、カレントブロック又はサブブロックのインター予測信号を生成する。インター予測部126は、生成されたインター予測信号を予測制御部128に出力する。
図15は、インター予測の基本的な流れを示すフローチャートである。
図16は、動きベクトル導出の一例を示すフローチャートである。
図18は、動きベクトル導出の他の例を示すフローチャートである。MV導出のモード、すなわちインター予測モードには、複数のモードがあり、大きく分けて、差分MVを符号化するモードと、差分動きベクトルを符号化しないモードとがある。差分MVを符号化しないモードには、マージモード、FRUCモード、およびアフィンモード(具体的には、アフィンマージモード)がある。これらのモードの詳細については、後述するが、簡単には、マージモードは、周辺の符号化済みブロックから動きベクトルを選択することによって、カレントブロックのMVを導出するモードであり、FRUCモードは、符号化済み領域間で探索を行うことによって、カレントブロックのMVを導出するモードである。また、アフィンモードは、アフィン変換を想定して、カレントブロックを構成する複数のサブブロックそれぞれの動きベクトルを、カレントブロックのMVとして導出するモードである。
ノーマルインターモードは、候補MVによって示される参照ピクチャの領域から、カレントブロックの画像に類似するブロックを見つけ出すことによって、カレントブロックのMVを導出するインター予測モードである。また、このノーマルインターモードでは、差分MVが符号化される。
マージモードは、候補MVリストから候補MVをカレントブロックのMVとして選択することによって、そのMVを導出するインター予測モードである。
動き情報は符号化装置側から信号化されずに、復号装置側で導出されてもよい。なお、上述のように、H.265/HEVC規格で規定されたマージモードが用いられてもよい。また例えば、復号装置側で動き探索を行うことにより動き情報が導出されてもよい。この場合、復号装置側では、カレントブロックの画素値を用いずに動き探索が行われる。
第1パターンマッチングでは、異なる2つの参照ピクチャ内の2つのブロックであってカレントブロックの動き軌道(motion trajectory)に沿う2つのブロックの間でパターンマッチングが行われる。したがって、第1パターンマッチングでは、上述した候補の評価値の算出のための所定の領域として、カレントブロックの動き軌道に沿う他の参照ピクチャ内の領域が用いられる。
第2パターンマッチング(テンプレートマッチング)では、カレントピクチャ内のテンプレート(カレントピクチャ内でカレントブロックに隣接するブロック(例えば上及び/又は左隣接ブロック))と参照ピクチャ内のブロックとの間でパターンマッチングが行われる。したがって、第2パターンマッチングでは、上述した候補の評価値の算出のための所定の領域として、カレントピクチャ内のカレントブロックに隣接するブロックが用いられる。
次に、複数の隣接ブロックの動きベクトルに基づいてサブブロック単位で動きベクトルを導出するアフィンモードについて説明する。このモードは、アフィン動き補償予測(affine motion compensation prediction)モードと呼ばれることがある。
図25Bは、3つの制御ポイントを有するアフィンモードにおけるサブブロック単位の動きベクトルの導出の一例を説明するための図である。図25Bにおいて、カレントブロックは、16の4x4サブブロックを含む。ここでは、隣接ブロックの動きベクトルに基づいてカレントブロックの左上角制御ポイントの動きベクトルv0が導出され、同様に、隣接ブロックの動きベクトルに基づいてカレントブロックの右上角制御ポイントの動きベクトルv1、隣接ブロックの動きベクトルに基づいてカレントブロックの左下角制御ポイントの動きベクトルv2が導出される。そして、以下の式(1B)により、3つの動きベクトルv0、v1及びv2を投影して、カレントブロック内の各サブブロックの動きベクトル(vx,vy)が導出される。
図26A、図26Bおよび図26Cは、アフィンマージモードを説明するための概念図である。
図28Aは、2つの制御ポイントを有するアフィンインターモードを説明するための図である。
異なる制御ポイント数(例えば、2つと3つ)のアフィンモードをCUレベルで切り替えて信号化する場合、符号化済みブロックとカレントブロックで制御ポイントの数が異なる場合がある。図30Aおよび図30Bは、符号化済みブロックとカレントブロックで制御ポイントの数が異なる場合の、制御ポイントの予測ベクトル導出方法を説明するための概念図である。
図31Aは、マージモードおよびDMVRの関係を示す図である。
動き補償では、予測画像を生成し、その予測画像を補正するモードがある。そのモードは、例えば、後述のBIOおよびOBMCである。
動き探索により得られたカレントブロックの動き情報だけでなく、隣接ブロックの動き情報も用いて、インター予測信号が生成されてもよい。具体的には、(参照ピクチャ内の)動き探索により得られた動き情報に基づく予測信号と、(カレントピクチャ内の)隣接ブロックの動き情報に基づく予測信号と、を重み付け加算することにより、カレントブロック内のサブブロック単位でインター予測信号が生成されてもよい。このようなインター予測(動き補償)は、OBMC(overlapped block motion compensation)と呼ばれることがある。
次に、動きベクトルを導出する方法について説明する。まず、等速直線運動を仮定したモデルに基づいて動きベクトルを導出するモードについて説明する。このモードは、BIO(bi-directional optical flow)モードと呼ばれることがある。
次に、LIC(local illumination compensation)処理を用いて予測画像(予測)を生成するモードの一例について説明する。
予測制御部128は、イントラ予測信号(イントラ予測部124から出力される信号)及びインター予測信号(インター予測部126から出力される信号)のいずれかを選択し、選択した信号を予測信号として減算部104及び加算部116に出力する。
図40は、符号化装置100の実装例を示すブロック図である。符号化装置100は、プロセッサa1及びメモリa2を備える。例えば、図1に示された符号化装置100の複数の構成要素は、図40に示されたプロセッサa1及びメモリa2によって実装される。
次に、上記の符号化装置100から出力された符号化信号(符号化ビットストリーム)を復号可能な復号装置について説明する。図41は、本実施の形態に係る復号装置200の機能構成を示すブロック図である。復号装置200は、動画像をブロック単位で復号する動画像復号装置である。
図42は、復号装置200による全体的な復号処理の一例を示すフローチャートである。
エントロピー復号部202は、符号化ビットストリームをエントロピー復号する。具体的には、エントロピー復号部202は、例えば、符号化ビットストリームから二値信号に算術復号する。そして、エントロピー復号部202は、二値信号を多値化(debinarize)する。エントロピー復号部202は、ブロック単位で量子化係数を逆量子化部204に出力する。エントロピー復号部202は、イントラ予測部216、インター予測部218および予測制御部220に、符号化ビットストリーム(図1参照)に含まれている予測パラメータを出力してもよい。イントラ予測部216、インター予測部218および予測制御部220は、符号化装置側におけるイントラ予測部124、インター予測部126および予測制御部128で行われる処理と同じ予測処理を実行することができる。
逆量子化部204は、エントロピー復号部202からの入力である復号対象ブロック(以下、カレントブロックという)の量子化係数を逆量子化する。具体的には、逆量子化部204は、カレントブロックの量子化係数の各々について、当該量子化係数に対応する量子化パラメータに基づいて当該量子化係数を逆量子化する。そして、逆量子化部204は、カレントブロックの逆量子化された量子化係数(つまり変換係数)を逆変換部206に出力する。
逆変換部206は、逆量子化部204からの入力である変換係数を逆変換することにより予測誤差を復元する。
加算部208は、逆変換部206からの入力である予測誤差と予測制御部220からの入力である予測サンプルとを加算することによりカレントブロックを再構成する。そして、加算部208は、再構成されたブロックをブロックメモリ210及びループフィルタ部212に出力する。
ブロックメモリ210は、イントラ予測で参照されるブロックであって復号対象ピクチャ(以下、カレントピクチャという)内のブロックを格納するための記憶部である。具体的には、ブロックメモリ210は、加算部208から出力された再構成ブロックを格納する。
ループフィルタ部212は、加算部208によって再構成されたブロックにループフィルタを施し、フィルタされた再構成ブロックをフレームメモリ214及び表示装置等に出力する。
フレームメモリ214は、インター予測に用いられる参照ピクチャを格納するための記憶部であり、フレームバッファと呼ばれることもある。具体的には、フレームメモリ214は、ループフィルタ部212によってフィルタされた再構成ブロックを格納する。
図43は、復号装置200の予測処理部で行われる処理の一例を示す図である。なお、予測処理部は、イントラ予測部216、インター予測部218、および予測制御部220の全てまたは一部の構成要素からなる。
イントラ予測部216は、符号化ビットストリームから読み解かれたイントラ予測モードに基づいて、ブロックメモリ210に格納されたカレントピクチャ内のブロックを参照してイントラ予測を行うことで、予測信号(イントラ予測信号)を生成する。具体的には、イントラ予測部216は、カレントブロックに隣接するブロックのサンプル(例えば輝度値、色差値)を参照してイントラ予測を行うことでイントラ予測信号を生成し、イントラ予測信号を予測制御部220に出力する。
インター予測部218は、フレームメモリ214に格納された参照ピクチャを参照して、カレントブロックを予測する。予測は、カレントブロック又はカレントブロック内のサブブロック(例えば4x4ブロック)の単位で行われる。例えば、インター予測部218は、符号化ビットストリーム(例えば、エントロピー復号部202から出力される予測パラメータ)から読み解かれた動き情報(例えば動きベクトル)を用いて動き補償を行うことでカレントブロック又はサブブロックのインター予測信号を生成し、インター予測信号を予測制御部220に出力する。
符号化ビットストリームから読み解かれた情報がノーマルインターモードを適用することを示す場合、インター予測部218は、符号化ストリームから読み解かれた情報に基づいて、MVを導出し、そのMVを用いて動き補償(予測)を行う。
予測制御部220は、イントラ予測信号及びインター予測信号のいずれかを選択し、選択した信号を予測信号として加算部208に出力する。全体的に、復号装置側の予測制御部220、イントラ予測部216およびインター予測部218の構成、機能、および処理は、符号化装置側の予測制御部128、イントラ予測部124およびインター予測部126の構成、機能、および処理と対応していてもよい。
図46は、復号装置200の実装例を示すブロック図である。復号装置200は、プロセッサb1及びメモリb2を備える。例えば、図41に示された復号装置200の複数の構成要素は、図46に示されたプロセッサb1及びメモリb2によって実装される。
各用語は一例として、以下のような定義であってもよい。
図47は、実施の形態における二次変換処理について説明するための図である。二次変換処理とは、符号化装置100又は復号装置200が、予測残差信号に対して一次変換を行った後に、一次変換が行われた予測残差信号に対して、さらに行う変換処理である。二次変換処理では、変換処理として直交変換等が行われる。二次変換処理の実施領域は、一次変換処理の実施領域と異なっていてもよい。例えば、一次変換処理が、処理対象ブロックの全体に対して行われた場合でも、図47に示されるように、二次変換処理は処理対象ブロックの中の一部に対して実施されてもよい。ここで、処理対象ブロックの中の一部の領域は、例えば、低周波数側のサブブロックであってもよい。
図48は、実施の形態における符号化装置の変換部における処理手順を示すフローチャートである。
(CTU全体の一次変換処理及び二次変換処理で必要な処理量)={(一次変換処理で必要な処理量)+(二次変換処理で必要な処理量)×(CTUに敷き詰められるブロック数)}
という式で算出することができる。
符号化装置100又は復号装置200は、色差信号と輝度信号とで処理対象ブロックのブロック分割構造が異なっている場合に、輝度信号のみ、又は色差信号のみに、本開示の実施の形態における符号方法又は復号方法等を適用してもよい。
図54は、実施の形態における符号化装置の動作例を示すフローチャートである。例えば、図40に示された符号化装置100は、一次変換が行われた予測残差信号に対して二次変換処理を適用する変換処理を行う際に、図54に示された動作を行う。具体的には、プロセッサa1は、メモリa2を用いて、以下の動作を行う。
本実施の形態における符号化装置100及び復号装置200は、それぞれ、画像符号化装置及び画像復号装置として利用されてもよいし、動画像符号化装置及び動画像復号装置として利用されてもよい。
[実施及び応用]
以上の各実施の形態において、機能的又は作用的なブロックの各々は、通常、MPU(micro proccessing unit)及びメモリ等によって実現可能である。また、機能ブロックの各々による処理は、ROM等の記録媒体に記録されたソフトウェア(プログラム)を読み出して実行するプロセッサなどのプログラム実行部として実現されてもよい。当該ソフトウェアは、配布されてもよい。当該ソフトウェアは、半導体メモリなどの様々な記録媒体に記録されてもよい。なお、各機能ブロックをハードウェア(専用回路)によって実現することも可能である。
図56は、コンテンツ配信サービスを実現する適切なコンテンツ供給システムex100の全体構成を示す図である。通信サービスの提供エリアを所望の大きさに分割し、各セル内にそれぞれ、図示された例における固定無線局である基地局ex106、ex107、ex108、ex109、ex110が設置されている。
また、ストリーミングサーバex103は複数のサーバ又は複数のコンピュータであって、データを分散して処理したり記録したり配信するものであってもよい。例えば、ストリーミングサーバex103は、CDN(Contents Delivery Network)により実現され、世界中に分散された多数のエッジサーバとエッジサーバ間をつなぐネットワークによりコンテンツ配信が実現されていてもよい。CDNでは、クライアントに応じて物理的に近いエッジサーバが動的に割り当てられる。そして、当該エッジサーバにコンテンツがキャッシュ及び配信されることで遅延を減らすことができる。また、いくつかのタイプのエラーが発生した場合又はトラフィックの増加などにより通信状態が変わる場合に複数のエッジサーバで処理を分散したり、他のエッジサーバに配信主体を切り替えたり、障害が生じたネットワークの部分を迂回して配信を続けることができるので、高速かつ安定した配信が実現できる。
互いにほぼ同期した複数のカメラex113及び/又はスマートフォンex115などの端末により撮影された異なるシーン、又は、同一シーンを異なるアングルから撮影した画像或いは映像を統合して利用することが増えてきている。各端末で撮影した映像は、別途取得した端末間の相対的な位置関係、又は、映像に含まれる特徴点が一致する領域などに基づいて統合される。
コンテンツの切り替えに関して、図57に示す、上記各実施の形態で示した動画像符号化方法を応用して圧縮符号化されたスケーラブルなストリームを用いて説明する。サーバは、個別のストリームとして内容は同じで質の異なるストリームを複数有していても構わないが、図示するようにレイヤに分けて符号化を行うことで実現される時間的/空間的スケーラブルなストリームの特徴を活かして、コンテンツを切り替える構成であってもよい。つまり、復号側が性能という内的要因と通信帯域の状態などの外的要因とに応じてどのレイヤを復号するかを決定することで、復号側は、低解像度のコンテンツと高解像度のコンテンツとを自由に切り替えて復号できる。例えばユーザが移動中にスマートフォンex115で視聴していた映像の続きを、例えば帰宅後にインターネットTV等の機器で視聴したい場合には、当該機器は、同じストリームを異なるレイヤまで復号すればよいので、サーバ側の負担を軽減できる。
図59は、コンピュータex111等におけるwebページの表示画面例を示す図である。図60は、スマートフォンex115等におけるwebページの表示画面例を示す図である。図59及び図60に示すようにwebページが、画像コンテンツへのリンクであるリンク画像を複数含む場合があり、閲覧するデバイスによってその見え方は異なる。画面上に複数のリンク画像が見える場合には、ユーザが明示的にリンク画像を選択するまで、又は画面の中央付近にリンク画像が近付く或いはリンク画像の全体が画面内に入るまで、表示装置(復号装置)は、リンク画像として各コンテンツが有する静止画又はIピクチャを表示してもよいし、複数の静止画又はIピクチャ等でgifアニメのような映像を表示してもよいし、ベースレイヤのみを受信し、映像を復号及び表示してもよい。
また、車の自動走行又は走行支援のため2次元又は3次元の地図情報などのような静止画又は映像データを送受信する場合、受信端末は、1以上のレイヤに属する画像データに加えて、メタ情報として天候又は工事の情報なども受信し、これらを対応付けて復号してもよい。なお、メタ情報は、レイヤに属してもよいし、単に画像データと多重化されてもよい。
また、コンテンツ供給システムex100では、映像配信業者による高画質で長時間のコンテンツのみならず、個人による低画質で短時間のコンテンツのユニキャスト、又はマルチキャスト配信が可能である。このような個人のコンテンツは今後も増加していくと考えられる。個人コンテンツをより優れたコンテンツにするために、サーバは、編集処理を行ってから符号化処理を行ってもよい。これは、例えば、以下のような構成を用いて実現できる。
また、これらの符号化又は復号処理は、一般的に各端末が有するLSIex500において処理される。LSI(large scale integration circuitry)ex500(図56参照)は、ワンチップであっても複数チップからなる構成であってもよい。なお、動画像符号化又は復号用のソフトウェアをコンピュータex111等で読み取り可能な何らかの記録メディア(CD-ROM、フレキシブルディスク、又はハードディスクなど)に組み込み、そのソフトウェアを用いて符号化又は復号処理を行ってもよい。さらに、スマートフォンex115がカメラ付きである場合には、そのカメラで取得した動画データを送信してもよい。このときの動画データはスマートフォンex115が有するLSIex500で符号化処理されたデータである。
図61は、図56に示されたスマートフォンex115のさらに詳細を示す図である。また、図62は、スマートフォンex115の構成例を示す図である。スマートフォンex115は、基地局ex110との間で電波を送受信するためのアンテナex450と、映像及び静止画を撮ることが可能なカメラ部ex465と、カメラ部ex465で撮像した映像、及びアンテナex450で受信した映像等が復号されたデータを表示する表示部ex458とを備える。スマートフォンex115は、さらに、タッチパネル等である操作部ex466と、音声又は音響を出力するためのスピーカ等である音声出力部ex457と、音声を入力するためのマイク等である音声入力部ex456と、撮影した映像或いは静止画、録音した音声、受信した映像或いは静止画、メール等の符号化されたデータ、又は、復号化されたデータを保存可能なメモリ部ex467と、ユーザを特定し、ネットワークをはじめ各種データへのアクセスの認証をするためのSIMex468とのインタフェース部であるスロット部ex464とを備える。なお、メモリ部ex467の代わりに外付けメモリが用いられてもよい。
102 分割部
104 減算部
106 変換部
108 量子化部
110 エントロピー符号化部
112、204 逆量子化部
114、206 逆変換部
116、208 加算部
118、210 ブロックメモリ
120、212 ループフィルタ部
122、214 フレームメモリ
124、216 イントラ予測部
126、218 インター予測部
128、220 予測制御部
200 復号装置
202 エントロピー復号部
1201 境界判定部
1202、1204、1206 スイッチ
1203 フィルタ判定部
1205 フィルタ処理部
1207 フィルタ特性決定部
1208 処理判定部
a1、b1 プロセッサ
a2、b2 メモリ
Claims (18)
- 回路と、
メモリと、を備え、
前記回路は、前記メモリを用いて、
複数のブロックサイズの複数のブロックのうちの処理対象ブロックにおいて、予測残差信号に対して一次変換を適用した変換係数に対して、さらに、前記複数のブロックに共通のブロックサイズの二次変換を適用する変換処理を行い、
前記共通のブロックサイズの二次変換では、変換基底の1つ以上の候補で構成され、前記処理対象ブロックのブロックサイズに応じて異なる候補群の中から1つの前記変換基底を選択する、
符号化装置。 - 前記共通のブロックサイズの二次変換の変換基底は、4×4の正方形である、
請求項1に記載の符号化装置。 - 前記共通のブロックサイズの二次変換の変換基底は、8×8の正方形である、
請求項1に記載の符号化装置。 - 前記複数のブロックサイズのうち、一部のサイズの前記処理対象ブロックに対して、前記二次変換において、前記変換基底の共通の候補を前記候補群に割り当てる、
請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の符号化装置。 - 前記処理対象ブロックのブロックサイズが所定のブロックサイズ以下の場合に、前記変換係数に対して前記二次変換を適用しないと判定し、
前記処理対象ブロックのブロックサイズが所定のブロックサイズより大きい場合に、前記変換係数に対して前記二次変換を適用すると判定する、
請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の符号化装置。 - 前記所定のブロックサイズは、4×4の正方形である、
請求項5に記載の符号化装置。 - 前記所定のブロックサイズは、4×8もしくは8×4の長方形である、
請求項5に記載の符号化装置。 - 前記所定のブロックサイズは、前記二次変換において選択可能な1つ以上のブロックサイズの中で、最小のブロックサイズと等しい、
請求項5に記載の符号化装置。 - 回路と、
メモリと、を備え、
前記回路は、前記メモリを用いて、
複数のブロックサイズの複数のブロックのうちの処理対象ブロックにおいて、変換係数信号に対して前記複数のブロックに共通のブロックサイズの二次変換を適用した変換係数に対して、さらに、一次変換を適用する逆変換処理を行い、
前記共通のブロックサイズの二次変換では、変換基底の1つ以上の候補で構成され、前記処理対象ブロックのブロックサイズに応じて異なる候補群の中から1つの前記変換基底を選択する、
復号装置。 - 前記共通のブロックサイズの二次変換の変換基底は、4×4の正方形である、
請求項9に記載の復号装置。 - 前記共通のブロックサイズの二次変換の変換基底は、8×8の正方形である、
請求項9に記載の復号装置。 - 前記複数のブロックサイズのうち、一部のサイズの前記処理対象ブロックに対して、前記二次変換において、前記変換基底の共通の候補を前記候補群に割り当てる、
請求項9~11のいずれか1項に記載の復号装置。 - 前記処理対象ブロックのブロックサイズが所定のブロックサイズ以下の場合に、前記変換係数に対して前記二次変換を適用しないと判定し、
前記処理対象ブロックのブロックサイズが所定のブロックサイズより大きい場合に、前記変換係数に対して前記二次変換を適用すると判定する、
請求項9~12のいずれか1項に記載の復号装置。 - 前記所定のブロックサイズは、4×4の正方形である、
請求項13に記載の復号装置。 - 前記所定のブロックサイズは、4×8もしくは8×4の長方形である、
請求項13に記載の復号装置。 - 前記所定のブロックサイズは、前記二次変換において選択可能な1つ以上のブロックサイズの中で、最小のブロックサイズと等しい、
請求項13に記載の復号装置。 - 複数のブロックサイズの複数のブロックのうちの処理対象ブロックにおいて、予測残差信号に対して一次変換を適用した変換係数に対して、さらに、前記複数のブロックに共通のブロックサイズの二次変換を適用する変換処理を行い、
前記共通のブロックサイズの二次変換では、変換基底の1つ以上の候補で構成され、前記処理対象ブロックのブロックサイズに応じて異なる候補群の中から1つの前記変換基底を選択する、
符号化方法。 - 複数のブロックサイズの複数のブロックのうちの処理対象ブロックにおいて、変換係数信号に対して前記複数のブロックに共通のブロックサイズの二次変換を適用した変換係数に対して、さらに、一次変換を適用する逆変換処理を行い、
前記共通のブロックサイズの二次変換では、変換基底の1つ以上の候補で構成され、前記処理対象ブロックのブロックサイズに応じて異なる候補群の中から1つの前記変換基底を選択する、
復号方法。
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