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WO2019166186A1 - Method for ascertaining the qualitative and/or quantitative composition of natural gas - Google Patents

Method for ascertaining the qualitative and/or quantitative composition of natural gas Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019166186A1
WO2019166186A1 PCT/EP2019/052609 EP2019052609W WO2019166186A1 WO 2019166186 A1 WO2019166186 A1 WO 2019166186A1 EP 2019052609 W EP2019052609 W EP 2019052609W WO 2019166186 A1 WO2019166186 A1 WO 2019166186A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
natural gas
tank
boiling
temperature
pressure
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2019/052609
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Martin Katz
Tobias FALKENAU
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch Gmbh filed Critical Robert Bosch Gmbh
Publication of WO2019166186A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019166186A1/en

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/22—Fuels; Explosives
    • G01N33/225—Gaseous fuels, e.g. natural gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D19/00—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
    • F02D19/02—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with gaseous fuels
    • F02D19/026—Measuring or estimating parameters related to the fuel supply system
    • F02D19/027—Determining the fuel pressure, temperature or volume flow, the fuel tank fill level or a valve position
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D19/00—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
    • F02D19/02—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with gaseous fuels
    • F02D19/026—Measuring or estimating parameters related to the fuel supply system
    • F02D19/029—Determining density, viscosity, concentration or composition
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/0025—Controlling engines characterised by use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
    • F02D41/0027—Controlling engines characterised by use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures the fuel being gaseous
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N25/00—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means
    • G01N25/02—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means by investigating changes of state or changes of phase; by investigating sintering
    • G01N25/08—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means by investigating changes of state or changes of phase; by investigating sintering of boiling point
    • G01N25/10—Analysis by measuring change of boiling point
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D2200/00—Input parameters for engine control
    • F02D2200/02—Input parameters for engine control the parameters being related to the engine
    • F02D2200/06—Fuel or fuel supply system parameters
    • F02D2200/0602—Fuel pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D2200/00—Input parameters for engine control
    • F02D2200/02—Input parameters for engine control the parameters being related to the engine
    • F02D2200/06—Fuel or fuel supply system parameters
    • F02D2200/0606—Fuel temperature
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D2200/00—Input parameters for engine control
    • F02D2200/02—Input parameters for engine control the parameters being related to the engine
    • F02D2200/06—Fuel or fuel supply system parameters
    • F02D2200/0611—Fuel type, fuel composition or fuel quality
    • F02D2200/0612—Fuel type, fuel composition or fuel quality determined by estimation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/30—Use of alternative fuels, e.g. biofuels

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for determining the qualitative and / or quantitative composition of natural gas, which is stored on board a vehicle for operating egg nes internal combustion engine in a tank.
  • liquid natural gas (LNG, or "liquefied natural gas”) has a significantly lower volume than gaseous natural gas in pressure accumulators due to cooling, it is usually kept in liquid form for mobile applications.
  • the natural gas is cooled down to temperatures of about -160 ° C and stored in a special tank on board a vehicle.
  • the tank pressure level is usually 2-20 bar (a).
  • a gas phase forms over the liquid phase.
  • the liquid phase and the gas phase in the tank are in equilibrium.
  • the term "natural gas” mainly refers to liquefied natural gas.
  • Natural gas is a hydrocarbon-containing gas mixture whose chemical composition - depending on the source - can vary considerably. Main component of natural gas is Methane. In addition, higher-chain hydrocarbons, such as ethane, may be included. Further, natural gas may contain lower boiling substances, such as nitrogen.
  • Legislation requires that natural gas-fueled internal combustion engines comply with existing emission limits, regardless of fuel composition in their field of application. To ensure this with changing fuel quality, the quality must be determined by means of a special sensor and communicated to the engine control unit, so that the operation of the United combustion engine can be adjusted accordingly. Alternatively or additionally, compliance with the emission limit values can be ensured by an exhaust aftertreatment system, which must be dimensioned sufficiently large for this purpose.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a method for determining the qualitative and / or quantitative composition of natural gas, which is comparatively easy to carry out se and brings consumption and cost benefits.
  • Proposed is a method for determining the qualitative and / or quantitative composition of natural gas stored on board a vehicle for operating an internal combustion engine in a tank.
  • the pressure and the temperature in the tank are measured in this method. Based on the measured values, a boiling curve of the natural gas is determined. The boiling curve is then compared to the boiling curves of the chemical precursors, from which the natural gas is essentially composed.
  • the chemical precursors may be the chemical precursors methane, ethane and nitrogen already mentioned, since their proportions essentially determine the quality of natural gas.
  • Natural gas containing other chemical precursors such as propane, butane, ethene and / or pentane, so that it applies their shares to determine the qualitative and / or quantitative composition of natural gas.
  • the boiling curves of the aforementioned basic chemicals are all be known and depends on the parameters pressure and temperature. If the pressure and the temperature in the tank are measured, the composition of the natural gas in the tank can be deduced based on these measured values using well-known boiling curves. This is because the state variables of a chemical raw material in the range of a boiling curve can be determined exactly with knowledge of a single state variable. For example, can be closed by the pressure on the temperature of a base material.
  • the proposed method has the advantage that the required measurements can be carried out with comparatively little effort, in particular using simple sensors.
  • conventional pressure and temperature sensors can be used, which dispenses with a special quality sensor, which is correspondingly expensive.
  • the qualitative and / or quantitative composition of the natural gas can be determined with sufficient accuracy.
  • the internal combustion engine can thus be operated in an optimum range for the respective fuel composition, so that the consumption of natural gas is lowered.
  • the emissions of the internal combustion engine decrease, so that compliance with the legally prescribed limit values is ensured.
  • a comparison of the different boiling temperatures is preferably carried out at the same pressure. That means that over the respective Temperature difference is closed on the qualitative and / or quantitative composition of the natural gas in the tank.
  • the pressure and the temperature in the tank are measured when the internal combustion engine is switched off, that is to say at rest, when the liquid phase and the gas phase are in equilibrium.
  • the pressure and the temperature are measured in the region of a liquid phase of the natural gas present in the tank.
  • the state in the tank is monitored, wherein preferably the temperature is measured both in the liquid phase and in a gas phase of the natural gas present in the tank.
  • the measured values obtained in the pressure and temperature measurement are preferably evaluated in a control unit.
  • This may in particular be an engine control unit, which preferably at the same time adapts the operation of the combustion engine to the existing fuel quality.
  • the result of the evaluation is stored and made available when the internal combustion engine is restarted.
  • EEPROM electrically erasable programmable read-only memory
  • the storage capacity is not dependent on an existing supply voltage. This ensures that the proposed procedure can be performed when the internal combustion engine is switched off and the result of the evaluation is available when the internal combustion engine is restarted.
  • the arrangement shown in the figure is to take a tank 1 for the storage of liquid natural gas.
  • the natural gas is in the tank 1 as liquid phase 2 and 3 as Gaspha se.
  • sensors 6, 7 are arranged, which in the present case is a pressure sensor 6 and a temperature sensor 7. Accordingly, the pressure p and the temperature T in the liquid phase 2 can be measured by means of the sensors 6, 7.
  • the measurements are carried out at rest, that is, when switched off internal combustion engine (not shown), which provides over the tank 1 with natural gas as fuel ver.
  • the liquid phase 2 and the gas phase 3 are in equilibrium.
  • the measurement data are evaluated in a Steuerge advises 4 and the result of the evaluation is stored in a memory component 5, wherein the result of the evaluation relates to the quantitative and / or qualitative composition of the natural gas in the tank 1.
  • these may be the chemical precursors methane (CH 4 ), ethane (C2H6) and / or nitrogen (N 2 ). Since - depending on the source - the quality of the natural gas can vary considerably, the knowledge of the exact composition tion of the operation of the internal combustion engine can be optimized so that the fuel consumption and emissions are reduced.
  • the determination of the composition of the natural gas is present on the basis of the measured data (pressure p and temperature T) and with the help of the boiling curves of the Natural gas contained chemical raw materials. Because in the area of a curve you can determine all state variables of a basic chemical substance from a single state variable. For example, can be closed by the pressure on the tempera ture of a base material and vice versa.
  • the composition of the natural gas present in the tank 1 can be determined in comparison with the known boiling curves of the respective pure substances.
  • the measured boiling point at the same pressure is higher than that for pure methane.
  • the measured boiling temperature is the same

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
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Abstract

The invention relates to a method for ascertaining the qualitative and/or quantitative composition of natural gas which is stored in a tank (1) on-board a vehicle in order to operate the internal combustion engine. According to the invention, the pressure (p) and the temperature (T) in the tank (1) are measured, a vaporization curve of the natural gas is determined using the measurement values, and the vaporization curve of the natural gas is compared with the vaporization curves of the base chemicals which substantially make up the natural gas.

Description

Beschreibung  description
Titel: Title:
Verfahren zur Ermitlung der qualitativen und/oder quantitativen Zusammensetzung von Erdgas  Method for determining the qualitative and / or quantitative composition of natural gas
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Ermittlung der qualitativen und/oder quantitati ven Zusammensetzung von Erdgas, das an Bord eines Fahrzeugs zum Betreiben ei nes Verbrennungsmotors in einem Tank bevorratet wird. The invention relates to a method for determining the qualitative and / or quantitative composition of natural gas, which is stored on board a vehicle for operating egg nes internal combustion engine in a tank.
Stand der Technik State of the art
Entwicklungen in der Motorentechnik beschäftigen sich mit der Direkteinblasung von Erdgas in den Brennraum von Verbrennungsmotoren und einer Zündung des Gas-Luft- Gemischs mit Dieselkraftstoff. Diese Art der Verbrennung verspricht Vorteile in Bezug auf geringere Schadstoffemissionen, insbesondere CO2- Emissionen, und geringere Kosten aufgrund der Verwendung von Erdgas als Kraftstoff. Developments in engine technology are concerned with direct injection of natural gas into the combustion chamber of internal combustion engines and ignition of the gas-air mixture with diesel fuel. This type of combustion promises advantages in terms of lower pollutant emissions, especially CO2 emissions, and lower costs due to the use of natural gas as a fuel.
Da flüssiges Erdgas (LNG, d. h.„Liquefied Natural Gas“) durch Abkühlen ein deutlich geringes Volumen als gasförmiges Erdgas in Druckspeichern besitzt, wird es für mobile Anwendungen in der Regel in flüssiger Form vorgehalten. Hierzu wird das Erdgas auf Temperaturen von etwa -160°C heruntergekühlt und in einem speziellen Tank an Bord eines Fahrzeugs bevorratet. Das Tankdruckniveau liegt üblicherweise bei 2-20 bar(a). Je nach Temperatur, Druck und/oder Füllstand des Tanks bildet sich eine Gasphase über der Flüssigphase aus. Im Ruhezustand befinden sich die Flüssigphase und die Gasphase im Tank im Gleichgewicht. Nachfolgend wird mit„Erdgas“ hauptsächlich ver flüssigtes Erdgas bezeichnet. Since liquid natural gas (LNG, or "liquefied natural gas") has a significantly lower volume than gaseous natural gas in pressure accumulators due to cooling, it is usually kept in liquid form for mobile applications. For this purpose, the natural gas is cooled down to temperatures of about -160 ° C and stored in a special tank on board a vehicle. The tank pressure level is usually 2-20 bar (a). Depending on the temperature, pressure and / or level of the tank, a gas phase forms over the liquid phase. At rest, the liquid phase and the gas phase in the tank are in equilibrium. In the following, the term "natural gas" mainly refers to liquefied natural gas.
Erdgas ist ein kohlenwasserstoffhaltiges Gasgemisch, dessen chemische Zusammen setzung - je nach Quelle - erheblich schwanken kann. Hauptbestandteil von Erdgas ist Methan. Darüber hinaus können höherkettige Kohlenwasserstoffe, wie beispielsweise Ethan, enthalten sein. Ferner kann Erdgas leichter siedende Stoffe, wie beispielsweise Stickstoff, enthalten. Natural gas is a hydrocarbon-containing gas mixture whose chemical composition - depending on the source - can vary considerably. Main component of natural gas is Methane. In addition, higher-chain hydrocarbons, such as ethane, may be included. Further, natural gas may contain lower boiling substances, such as nitrogen.
Die Gesetzgebung fordert, dass Verbrennungsmotoren, die mit Erdgas betrieben wer den, unabhängig von der jeweiligen Kraftstoffzusammensetzung in ihrem Einsatzgebiet die bestehenden Emissionsgrenzwerte einhalten müssen. Um dies bei sich ändernder Kraftstoffqualität zu gewährleisten, muss die Qualität mittels eines speziellen Sensors ermittelt und dem Motorsteuergerät mitgeteilt werden, so dass der Betrieb des Ver brennungsmotors entsprechend angepasst werden kann. Alternativ oder ergänzend kann die Einhaltung der Emissionsgrenzwerte durch eine Abgasnachbehandlungsanla ge sichergestellt werden, die hierzu ausreichend groß dimensioniert werden muss. Legislation requires that natural gas-fueled internal combustion engines comply with existing emission limits, regardless of fuel composition in their field of application. To ensure this with changing fuel quality, the quality must be determined by means of a special sensor and communicated to the engine control unit, so that the operation of the United combustion engine can be adjusted accordingly. Alternatively or additionally, compliance with the emission limit values can be ensured by an exhaust aftertreatment system, which must be dimensioned sufficiently large for this purpose.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren zur Ermittlung der qualitativen und/oder quantitativen Zusammensetzung von Erdgas anzugeben, das vergleichswei se einfach durchzuführen ist sowie Verbrauchs- und Kostenvorteile mit sich bringt. The invention has for its object to provide a method for determining the qualitative and / or quantitative composition of natural gas, which is comparatively easy to carry out se and brings consumption and cost benefits.
Zur Lösung der Aufgabe wird das Verfahren mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 vor geschlagen. Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen der Erfindung sind den Unteransprüchen zu entnehmen. To solve the problem, the method with the features of claim 1 is proposed. Advantageous developments of the invention can be found in the dependent claims.
Offenbarung der Erfindung Disclosure of the invention
Vorgeschlagen wird ein Verfahren zur Ermittlung der qualitativen und/oder quantitati ven Zusammensetzung von Erdgas, das an Bord eines Fahrzeugs zum Betreiben ei nes Verbrennungsmotors in einem Tank bevorratet wird. Erfindungsgemäß werden bei diesem Verfahren der Druck und die Temperatur im Tank gemessen. Anhand der Messwerte wird eine Siedekurve des Erdgases bestimmt. Die Siedekurve wird dann mit den Siedekurven der chemischen Grundstoffe verglichen, aus denen das Erdgas im Wesentlichen zusammengesetzt ist. Proposed is a method for determining the qualitative and / or quantitative composition of natural gas stored on board a vehicle for operating an internal combustion engine in a tank. According to the invention, the pressure and the temperature in the tank are measured in this method. Based on the measured values, a boiling curve of the natural gas is determined. The boiling curve is then compared to the boiling curves of the chemical precursors, from which the natural gas is essentially composed.
Bei den chemischen Grundstoffen kann es sich insbesondere um die bereits eingangs genannten chemischen Grundstoffe Methan, Ethan und Stickstoff handeln, da deren Anteile im Wesentlichen die Qualität von Erdgas bestimmen. Darüber hinaus kann Erdgas weitere chemische Grundstoffe, wie beispielsweise Propan, Butan, Ethen und/oder Pentan enthalten, so dass es deren Anteile zur Ermittlung der qualitativen und/oder quantitativen Zusammensetzung von Erdgas zu bestimmen gilt. In particular, the chemical precursors may be the chemical precursors methane, ethane and nitrogen already mentioned, since their proportions essentially determine the quality of natural gas. In addition, can Natural gas containing other chemical precursors, such as propane, butane, ethene and / or pentane, so that it applies their shares to determine the qualitative and / or quantitative composition of natural gas.
Die Siedekurven der vorstehend genannten chemischen Grundstoffe sind allesamt be kannt und von den Parametern Druck und Temperatur abhängt. Werden der Druck und die Temperatur im Tank gemessen, kann auf Basis dieser Messwerte mit Hilfe bekann ter Siedekurven auf die Zusammensetzung des im Tank vorhandenen Erdgases ge schlossen werden. Denn die Zustandsgrößen eines chemischen Grundstoffs im Be reich einer Siedekurve lassen sich in Kenntnis einer einzelnen Zustandsgröße exakt ermitteln. Beispielsweise kann über den Druck auf die Temperatur eines Grundstoffs geschlossen werden. The boiling curves of the aforementioned basic chemicals are all be known and depends on the parameters pressure and temperature. If the pressure and the temperature in the tank are measured, the composition of the natural gas in the tank can be deduced based on these measured values using well-known boiling curves. This is because the state variables of a chemical raw material in the range of a boiling curve can be determined exactly with knowledge of a single state variable. For example, can be closed by the pressure on the temperature of a base material.
Diese Zusammenhänge macht sich das vorgeschlagene Verfahren zunutze, indem der Druck und die Temperatur im Tank gemessen und mit Hilfe bekannter Siedekurven die qualitative und/oder quantitative Zusammensetzung des Erdgases ermittelt wird. These relationships are exploited by the proposed method by measuring the pressure and the temperature in the tank and using known boiling curves, the qualitative and / or quantitative composition of the natural gas is determined.
Das vorgeschlagene Verfahren besitzt den Vorteil, dass die erforderlichen Messungen mit vergleichsweise geringem Aufwand, insbesondere unter Verwendung einfacher Sensoren, durchgeführt werden können. Beispielsweise können herkömmliche Druck- und Temperatursensoren verwendet werden, die einen speziellen Qualitätssensor, der entsprechend teuer ist, verzichtbar machen. The proposed method has the advantage that the required measurements can be carried out with comparatively little effort, in particular using simple sensors. For example, conventional pressure and temperature sensors can be used, which dispenses with a special quality sensor, which is correspondingly expensive.
Ferner kann mit Hilfe des vorgeschlagenen Verfahrens die qualitative und/oder quanti tative Zusammensetzung des Erdgases ausreichend genau bestimmt werden. Der Verbrennungsmotor kann somit in einem für die jeweilige Kraftstoffzusammensetzung optimalen Bereich betrieben werden, so dass der Verbrauch von Erdgas gesenkt wird. Entsprechend sinken die Emissionen des Verbrennungsmotors, so dass die Einhaltung der gesetzlich vorgegebenen Grenzwerte gewährleistet ist. Furthermore, with the aid of the proposed method, the qualitative and / or quantitative composition of the natural gas can be determined with sufficient accuracy. The internal combustion engine can thus be operated in an optimum range for the respective fuel composition, so that the consumption of natural gas is lowered. Correspondingly, the emissions of the internal combustion engine decrease, so that compliance with the legally prescribed limit values is ensured.
Beim Vergleich der Siedekurve des Erdgases mit den bekannten Siedekurven der chemischen Grundstoffe wird vorzugsweise ein Vergleich der unterschiedlichen Siede temperaturen bei gleichem Druck durchgeführt. Das heißt, dass über die jeweilige Temperaturdifferenz auf die qualitative und/oder quantitative Zusammensetzung des im Tank vorhandenen Erdgases geschlossen wird. When comparing the boiling curve of the natural gas with the known boiling curves of the chemical precursors, a comparison of the different boiling temperatures is preferably carried out at the same pressure. That means that over the respective Temperature difference is closed on the qualitative and / or quantitative composition of the natural gas in the tank.
Alternativ wird vorgeschlagen, dass beim Vergleich der Siedekurve des Erdgases mit den bekannten Siedekurven der chemischen Grundstoffe ein Vergleich der unter schiedlichen Siededrücke bei konstanter Temperatur durchgeführt wird. In diesem Fall erfolgt die Ermittlung der qualitativen und/oder quantitativen Zusammensetzung des Erdgases über die jeweilige Druckdifferenz. Alternatively, it is proposed that when comparing the boiling curve of the natural gas with the known boiling curves of the chemical precursors, a comparison of the different boiling pressures is carried out at a constant temperature. In this case, the qualitative and / or quantitative composition of the natural gas is determined via the respective pressure difference.
Vorteilhafterweise werden der Druck und die Temperatur im Tank bei abgestelltem Verbrennungsmotor gemessen, das heißt im Ruhezustand, wenn sich die Flüssigphase und die Gasphase im Gleichgewicht befinden. Grundsätzlich ist es zwar auch möglich, die erforderlichen Messungen durchzuführen, wenn kein Gleichgewicht im Tank herrscht. In diesem Fall müssen jedoch zuvor Versuchsdaten als Referenzdaten ermit telt werden, so dass der Aufwand zur Durchführung des Verfahrens steigt. Advantageously, the pressure and the temperature in the tank are measured when the internal combustion engine is switched off, that is to say at rest, when the liquid phase and the gas phase are in equilibrium. In principle, it is also possible to carry out the required measurements if there is no equilibrium in the tank. In this case, however, experimental data must first be determined as reference data, so that the effort for carrying out the method increases.
Weiterhin wird vorgeschlagen, dass der Druck und die Temperatur im Bereich einer im Tank befindlichen Flüssigphase des Erdgases gemessen werden. Gegebenenfalls kann es zur Zustandsbestimmung im Tank erforderlich sein, Messungen sowohl in der Flüssigphase als auch in der Gasphase vorzunehmen. Furthermore, it is proposed that the pressure and the temperature are measured in the region of a liquid phase of the natural gas present in the tank. Optionally, it may be necessary to determine the condition in the tank to carry out measurements both in the liquid phase and in the gas phase.
In Weiterbildung der Erfindung wird daher vorgeschlagen, dass der Zustand im Tank überwacht wird, wobei vorzugsweise die Temperatur sowohl in der Flüssigphase als auch in einer im Tank vorhandenen Gasphase des Erdgases gemessen wird. In a further development of the invention it is therefore proposed that the state in the tank is monitored, wherein preferably the temperature is measured both in the liquid phase and in a gas phase of the natural gas present in the tank.
Die bei der Druck- und Temperaturmessung erhaltenen Messwerte werden vorzugs weise in einem Steuergerät ausgewertet. Hierbei kann es sich insbesondere um ein Motorsteuergerät handeln, das vorzugsweise zugleich den Betrieb des Verbrennungs motors an die vorhandene Kraftstoffqualität anpasst. The measured values obtained in the pressure and temperature measurement are preferably evaluated in a control unit. This may in particular be an engine control unit, which preferably at the same time adapts the operation of the combustion engine to the existing fuel quality.
Des Weiteren wird vorgeschlagen, dass das Ergebnis der Auswertung gespeichert und beim Wiederstarten des Verbrennungsmotors zur Verfügung gestellt wird. Somit kann beim Wiederstarten des Verbrennungsmotors gleich der optimale Betriebsbereich ge funden werden. Vorteilhafterweise wird zum Speichern ein nichtflüchtiger elektroni- scher Speicherbaustein (EEPROM, d. h.„Electrically Erasable Programmable Read- Only Memory“) verwendet, so dass die Speicherfähigkeit nicht von einer vorhandenen Versorgungsspannung abhängig ist. Dadurch ist gewährleistet, dass das vorgeschla gene Verfahren bei abgestelltem Verbrennungsmotor durchführbar ist und das Ergeb nis der Auswertung bei erneutem Starten des Verbrennungsmotors verfügbar ist. Furthermore, it is proposed that the result of the evaluation is stored and made available when the internal combustion engine is restarted. Thus, when restarting the engine equal to the optimum operating range ge found. Advantageously, for storing a nonvolatile electronic shear memory module (EEPROM, ie "Electrically erasable programmable read-only memory") used, so that the storage capacity is not dependent on an existing supply voltage. This ensures that the proposed procedure can be performed when the internal combustion engine is switched off and the result of the evaluation is available when the internal combustion engine is restarted.
Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand der beigefügten Zeichnung näher erläutert. Diese zeigt eine schematische Darstellung einer Messanordnung zur Durchführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens. The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. This shows a schematic representation of a measuring arrangement for carrying out the method according to the invention.
Ausführliche Beschreibung der Zeichnung Detailed description of the drawing
Der in der Figur dargestellten Anordnung ist ein Tank 1 zur Bevorratung von flüssigem Erdgas zu entnehmen. Das Erdgas liegt im Tank 1 als Flüssigphase 2 und als Gaspha se 3 vor. Im Bereich der Flüssigphase 2 sind Sensoren 6, 7 angeordnet, wobei es sich vorliegend um einen Drucksensor 6 und einen Temperatursensor 7 handelt. Mittels der Sensoren 6, 7 können demnach der Druck p und die Temperatur T in der Flüssigpha se 2 gemessen werden. The arrangement shown in the figure is to take a tank 1 for the storage of liquid natural gas. The natural gas is in the tank 1 as liquid phase 2 and 3 as Gaspha se. In the region of the liquid phase 2, sensors 6, 7 are arranged, which in the present case is a pressure sensor 6 and a temperature sensor 7. Accordingly, the pressure p and the temperature T in the liquid phase 2 can be measured by means of the sensors 6, 7.
Die Messungen werden im Ruhezustand durchgeführt, das heißt bei abgestelltem Ver brennungsmotor (nicht dargestellt), der über den Tank 1 mit Erdgas als Kraftstoff ver sorgt wird. Bei abgestelltem Verbrennungsmotor befinden sich die Flüssigphase 2 und die Gasphase 3 in einem Gleichgewicht. Die Messdaten werden in einem Steuerge rät 4 ausgewertet und das Ergebnis der Auswertung wird in einem Speicherbauteil 5 abgelegt, wobei das Ergebnis der Auswertung die quantitative und/oder qualitative Zu sammensetzung des im Tank 1 befindlichen Erdgases betrifft. Hierbei kann es sich insbesondere - wie beispielhaft dargestellt - um die chemischen Grundstoffe Methan (CH4), Ethan (C2H6) und/oder Stickstoff (N2) handeln. Da - je nach Quelle - die Qualität des Erdgases erheblich schwanken kann, kann in Kenntnis der genauen Zusammen setzung der Betrieb des Verbrennungsmotors dahingehend optimiert werden, dass der Kraftstoffverbrauch sowie die Emissionen gesenkt werden. The measurements are carried out at rest, that is, when switched off internal combustion engine (not shown), which provides over the tank 1 with natural gas as fuel ver. When the internal combustion engine is switched off, the liquid phase 2 and the gas phase 3 are in equilibrium. The measurement data are evaluated in a Steuerge advises 4 and the result of the evaluation is stored in a memory component 5, wherein the result of the evaluation relates to the quantitative and / or qualitative composition of the natural gas in the tank 1. In particular, as shown by way of example, these may be the chemical precursors methane (CH 4 ), ethane (C2H6) and / or nitrogen (N 2 ). Since - depending on the source - the quality of the natural gas can vary considerably, the knowledge of the exact composition tion of the operation of the internal combustion engine can be optimized so that the fuel consumption and emissions are reduced.
Die Bestimmung der Zusammensetzung des Erdgases wird vorliegend auf der Grund lage der Messdaten (Druck p und Temperatur T) und mit Hilfe der Siedekurven der im Erdgas enthaltenen chemischen Grundstoffe durchgeführt. Denn im Bereich einer Sie dekurve lassen sich alle Zustandsgrößen eines chemischen Grundstoffs aus einer ein zelnen Zustandsgröße ermitteln. Beispielsweise kann über den Druck auf die Tempera tur eines Grundstoffs geschlossen werden und umgekehrt. The determination of the composition of the natural gas is present on the basis of the measured data (pressure p and temperature T) and with the help of the boiling curves of the Natural gas contained chemical raw materials. Because in the area of a curve you can determine all state variables of a basic chemical substance from a single state variable. For example, can be closed by the pressure on the tempera ture of a base material and vice versa.
Bei Erdgas liegen diese Grundstoffe in einer homogenen Mischung vor, so dass die für Erdgas charakteristische Siedekurve von denen der Grundstoffe abweicht. In the case of natural gas, these basic substances are present in a homogeneous mixture, so that the boiling curve characteristic of natural gas deviates from that of the basic substances.
Mittels der Parameter Druck (p) und Temperatur (T), die gemessen werden, kann im Vergleich mit den bekannten Siedekurven der jeweiligen Reinstoffe die Zusammenset zung des im Tank 1 vorhandenen Erdgases bestimmt werden. Dabei gilt, dass bei Mi schungen, die Methan und höherkettige Kohlenwasserstoffe, wie beispielsweise Ethan enthalten, die gemessene Siedetemperatur bei gleichem Druck höher als bei reinem Methan ist. Bei Mischungen, die Methan und leicht siedende Stoffe, wie beispielsweise Stickstoff enthalten, ist demgegenüber die gemessene Siedetemperatur bei gleichemBy means of the parameters pressure (p) and temperature (T), which are measured, the composition of the natural gas present in the tank 1 can be determined in comparison with the known boiling curves of the respective pure substances. In the case of mixtures containing methane and higher-chain hydrocarbons, such as ethane, for example, the measured boiling point at the same pressure is higher than that for pure methane. For mixtures containing methane and low-boiling substances such as nitrogen, on the other hand, the measured boiling temperature is the same
Druck niedriger als bei reinem Methan. Pressure lower than with pure methane.
Mit der gleichen Methodik lassen sich auch unterschiedliche Siededrücke bei konstan ter Temperatur vergleichen. Using the same methodology, different boiling pressures can be compared at constant temperature.

Claims

Ansprüche claims
1. Verfahren zur Ermittlung der qualitativen und/oder quantitativen Zusammenset zung von Erdgas, das an Bord eines Fahrzeugs zum Betreiben eines Verbrennungs motors in einem Tank (1) bevorratet wird, 1. A method for determining the qualitative and / or quantitative composition of natural gas stored on board a vehicle for operating a combustion engine in a tank (1),
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Druck (p) und die Temperatur (T) im Tank (1) ge messen werden, anhand der Messwerte eine Siedekurve des Erdgases bestimmt wird und die Siedekurve des Erdgases mit den Siedekurven der chemischen Grundstoffe verglichen wird, aus denen das Erdgas im Wesentlichen zusammengesetzt ist. characterized in that the pressure (p) and the temperature (T) in the tank (1) are measured GE, based on the measured values, a boiling curve of the natural gas is determined and the boiling curve of the natural gas is compared with the boiling curves of the chemical raw materials, from which the Natural gas is composed substantially.
2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, 2. The method according to claim 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass beim Vergleich der Siedekurve des Erdgases mit den Siedekurven der chemischen Grundstoffe ein Vergleich der unterschiedlichen Siede temperaturen bei gleichem Druck durchgeführt wird. characterized in that when comparing the boiling curve of the natural gas with the boiling curves of the chemical precursors, a comparison of the different boiling temperatures is carried out at the same pressure.
3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, 3. The method according to claim 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass beim Vergleich der Siedekurve des Erdgases mit den Siedekurven der chemischen Grundstoffe ein Vergleich der unterschiedlichen Siede drücke bei konstanter Temperatur durchgeführt wird. characterized in that when comparing the boiling curve of the natural gas with the boiling curves of the chemical precursors a comparison of the different boiling pressures is carried out at a constant temperature.
4. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, 4. The method according to any one of the preceding claims,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Druck (p) und die Temperatur (T) im Tank (1) bei abgestelltem Verbrennungsmotor gemessen werden. characterized in that the pressure (p) and the temperature (T) in the tank (1) are measured when the internal combustion engine is switched off.
5. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, 5. Method according to one of the preceding claims,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Druck (p) und die Temperatur (T) im Bereich einer im Tank (1) befindlichen Flüssigphase (2) des Erdgases gemessen werden. characterized in that the pressure (p) and the temperature (T) are measured in the region of a liquid phase (2) of the natural gas located in the tank (1).
6. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, 6. The method according to any one of the preceding claims,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Zustand im Tank (1) überwacht wird, wobei vor zugsweise die Temperatur (T) sowohl in der Flüssigphase (2) als auch in einer im Tank (1) vorhandenen Gasphase (3) des Erdgases gemessen wird. characterized in that the state in the tank (1) is monitored, wherein before preferably the temperature (T) in both the liquid phase (2) and in a tank (1) existing gas phase (3) of the natural gas is measured.
7. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, 7. The method according to any one of the preceding claims,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die bei der Druck- und Temperaturmessung erhalte nen Messwerte in einem Steuergerät ausgewertet werden. characterized in that the obtained in the pressure and temperature measurement NEN measured values are evaluated in a control unit.
8. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, 8. The method according to any one of the preceding claims,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Ergebnis der Auswertung gespeichert und beim Wiederstarten des Verbrennungsmotors zur Verfügung gestellt wird. characterized in that the result of the evaluation is stored and made available when restarting the internal combustion engine.
9. Verfahren nach Anspruch 8, 9. The method according to claim 8,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zum Speichern ein nichtflüchtiger elektronischer Speicherbaustein verwendet wird. characterized in that for storing a non-volatile electronic memory module is used.
PCT/EP2019/052609 2018-03-02 2019-02-04 Method for ascertaining the qualitative and/or quantitative composition of natural gas WO2019166186A1 (en)

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Citations (5)

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DE102004044178A1 (en) * 2003-10-27 2005-05-25 Hyundai Motor Company Method and apparatus for controlling fuel injection for a LPG injection engine
DE102006022357B3 (en) * 2006-05-12 2007-10-11 Siemens Ag Fuel tank gas composition determination for motor vehicle, involves determining actual composition of gas mixture under consideration of fuel consumption during dropping of vapor pressure of integral part of gas mixture in tank
DE102012100115A1 (en) * 2012-01-09 2013-07-11 Intec Ag Device for determining mixture ratio of liquid gas mixture, is provided with liquid gases, where the gas mixture is determined for combustion in an engine, and the gas mixture is supplied from a gas tank
DE102013018341A1 (en) * 2013-10-31 2015-04-30 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Method and device for regulating the pressure in a liquefied natural gas container

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4062223A (en) * 1976-09-09 1977-12-13 Simmonds Precision Products, Inc. Nitrogen content monitor for liquified natural gas
DE102004044178A1 (en) * 2003-10-27 2005-05-25 Hyundai Motor Company Method and apparatus for controlling fuel injection for a LPG injection engine
DE102006022357B3 (en) * 2006-05-12 2007-10-11 Siemens Ag Fuel tank gas composition determination for motor vehicle, involves determining actual composition of gas mixture under consideration of fuel consumption during dropping of vapor pressure of integral part of gas mixture in tank
DE102012100115A1 (en) * 2012-01-09 2013-07-11 Intec Ag Device for determining mixture ratio of liquid gas mixture, is provided with liquid gases, where the gas mixture is determined for combustion in an engine, and the gas mixture is supplied from a gas tank
DE102013018341A1 (en) * 2013-10-31 2015-04-30 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Method and device for regulating the pressure in a liquefied natural gas container

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