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WO2019154433A2 - 货物搬运机器人及其控制方法 - Google Patents

货物搬运机器人及其控制方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019154433A2
WO2019154433A2 PCT/CN2019/075723 CN2019075723W WO2019154433A2 WO 2019154433 A2 WO2019154433 A2 WO 2019154433A2 CN 2019075723 W CN2019075723 W CN 2019075723W WO 2019154433 A2 WO2019154433 A2 WO 2019154433A2
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
cargo
unit
handling robot
pick
place
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2019/075723
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
WO2019154433A3 (zh
Inventor
兴磊磊
黄润
唐堂
倪菲
Original Assignee
上海快仓智能科技有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from CN201811306685.7A external-priority patent/CN109227529A/zh
Application filed by 上海快仓智能科技有限公司 filed Critical 上海快仓智能科技有限公司
Priority to JP2019531455A priority Critical patent/JP6807088B2/ja
Priority to EP19750621.5A priority patent/EP3878772A4/en
Publication of WO2019154433A2 publication Critical patent/WO2019154433A2/zh
Publication of WO2019154433A3 publication Critical patent/WO2019154433A3/zh

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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65GTRANSPORT OR STORAGE DEVICES, e.g. CONVEYORS FOR LOADING OR TIPPING, SHOP CONVEYOR SYSTEMS OR PNEUMATIC TUBE CONVEYORS
    • B65G1/00Storing articles, individually or in orderly arrangement, in warehouses or magazines
    • B65G1/02Storage devices
    • B65G1/04Storage devices mechanical
    • B65G1/137Storage devices mechanical with arrangements or automatic control means for selecting which articles are to be removed
    • B65G1/1371Storage devices mechanical with arrangements or automatic control means for selecting which articles are to be removed with data records
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65GTRANSPORT OR STORAGE DEVICES, e.g. CONVEYORS FOR LOADING OR TIPPING, SHOP CONVEYOR SYSTEMS OR PNEUMATIC TUBE CONVEYORS
    • B65G1/00Storing articles, individually or in orderly arrangement, in warehouses or magazines
    • B65G1/02Storage devices
    • B65G1/04Storage devices mechanical
    • B65G1/0407Storage devices mechanical using stacker cranes
    • B65G1/0421Storage devices mechanical using stacker cranes with control for stacker crane operations
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65GTRANSPORT OR STORAGE DEVICES, e.g. CONVEYORS FOR LOADING OR TIPPING, SHOP CONVEYOR SYSTEMS OR PNEUMATIC TUBE CONVEYORS
    • B65G1/00Storing articles, individually or in orderly arrangement, in warehouses or magazines
    • B65G1/02Storage devices
    • B65G1/04Storage devices mechanical
    • B65G1/0492Storage devices mechanical with cars adapted to travel in storage aisles
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65GTRANSPORT OR STORAGE DEVICES, e.g. CONVEYORS FOR LOADING OR TIPPING, SHOP CONVEYOR SYSTEMS OR PNEUMATIC TUBE CONVEYORS
    • B65G2203/00Indexing code relating to control or detection of the articles or the load carriers during conveying
    • B65G2203/02Control or detection
    • B65G2203/0208Control or detection relating to the transported articles
    • B65G2203/0216Codes or marks on the article

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of robots, and more particularly to a robot for carrying goods and a control method for the robot.
  • the automatic guided vehicle is an automatic guiding device with a magnetic strip, a track or a laser, and is driven by a battery along a planned path, and is equipped with safety protection and various auxiliary mechanisms (such as transfer, assembly). Automated vehicles driven by people.
  • KIVA proposed a rack-to-person handling method.
  • the robot In the normal handling process, the robot first arrives at the shelf to be accessed according to the operation instruction, and after lifting to a suitable height, the goods are taken out, and then the robot moves to the destination shelf according to the operation instruction, and then raises or lowers to a suitable height. , put down the goods.
  • This pick-and-place method enables automatic mechanization, but each operation is sequential and the operation efficiency is low.
  • the present invention provides a control method for a cargo handling robot, wherein the cargo handling robot includes a motion unit, a cargo pick-and-place unit, and a lifting unit, and the cargo pick-and-place unit and the lifting unit are configured by the motion unit Carrying, the lifting unit is configured to raise or lower the cargo pick-and-place unit, the control method comprising: receiving a work instruction of the cargo handling robot; controlling the motion unit of the cargo handling robot according to the work instruction, Moving the rack to the first position, taking out the goods at the first height; controlling the movement unit of the cargo handling robot to move to the shelf at the second position according to the work instruction, and placing the goods And at a second height of the shelf of the second position, wherein the lifting unit raises the cargo pick-and-place unit from the first height during the movement of the cargo handling robot from the first position to the second position High or lowered to the second height.
  • the lifting unit is configured to raise or lower the cargo pick-and-place unit according to preset trajectory information, wherein preferably, the lifting unit is configured to reach the second position at the cargo handling robot The cargo pick-and-place unit is raised or lowered from the first height to the second height.
  • the trajectory information includes successive uniform acceleration, uniform velocity, and uniform deceleration phases.
  • the cargo pick-and-place unit is stationary in a vertical direction when the cargo handling robot moves to the second position and places the cargo to the shelf of the second position.
  • the invention also relates to a cargo handling robot comprising: a moving unit; a cargo pick-and-place unit, the cargo pick-and-place unit being carried by the moving unit and configured to take out the goods or place the goods on the shelves;
  • the lifting unit is carried by the moving unit and configured to raise or lower the cargo pick-and-place unit; and a control unit coupled with the moving unit, the cargo pick-and-place unit and the lifting unit, and The control method configured to perform the present invention is configured.
  • the bin robot further includes a camera or radar configured to measure a distance of the cargo pick-and-place unit from the cargo.
  • control device is configured to control the cargo pick-and-place unit to take out the cargo according to the distance measured by the camera or the radar.
  • the lifting unit is configured to raise or lower the cargo pick-and-place unit according to preset trajectory information, wherein preferably, the lifting unit is configured to reach the second position at the cargo handling robot The cargo pick-and-place unit is raised or lowered from the first height to the second height.
  • the trajectory information includes successive uniform acceleration, uniform velocity, and uniform deceleration phases.
  • control device is configured to: hold the cargo pick-and-place unit when the cargo handling robot moves to the second position and place the cargo to a shelf of the second location It is stationary in the vertical direction.
  • the movement of the fork arm is linked with the movement of the cargo handling robot, which saves the time for the fork arm to be separately lifted and executed, thereby increasing the time for taking and discharging.
  • FIG. 1 is a flow chart showing a control method for a cargo handling robot according to a first embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a schematic view of a cargo handling robot in accordance with a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a preset track information according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of a shelf and cargo in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
  • first and second are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated.
  • features defining “first” or “second” may include one or more of the described features, either explicitly or implicitly.
  • the meaning of “plurality” is two or more unless specifically and specifically defined.
  • connection or integral connection: it can be mechanical connection, electrical connection or communication with each other; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, which can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction of two elements. relationship.
  • intermediate medium can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction of two elements. relationship.
  • the first feature "on” or “under” the second feature may include direct contact of the first and second features, and may also include first and second features, unless otherwise explicitly defined and defined. It is not in direct contact but through additional features between them.
  • the first feature “above”, “above” and “above” the second feature includes the first feature directly above and above the second feature, or merely indicating that the first feature level is higher than the second feature.
  • the first feature “below”, “below” and “below” the second feature includes the first feature directly above and above the second feature, or merely indicating that the first feature level is less than the second feature.
  • the cargo handling robot includes a motion unit, a cargo pick-and-place unit, and a lifting unit.
  • the motion unit includes, for example, one or more of a chassis, a frame, a drive wheel, a driven wheel, and a motor.
  • the chassis and the frame can be used to carry various components, and the motor drives the driving wheel to drive the entire cargo handling robot to walk, perform various movements such as forward, backward, and turn.
  • the motion unit may also include a driven wheel if necessary.
  • the cargo pick-and-place unit and the lifting unit are carried by the moving unit.
  • a cargo pick-and-place unit such as a robotic arm or fork arm device, can be used to grab cargo.
  • the lifting unit is configured to raise or lower the cargo pick-and-place unit to different heights, such as a rail type or a chain drive type.
  • the cargo handling robot includes a control unit that is coupled to the motion unit, the cargo pick-and-place unit, and the lifting unit to control the operation of each part.
  • the control unit can be integrated with other components or it can be a separate, external control unit that is communicatively coupled to other components. These are all within the scope of the invention.
  • a work instruction of the cargo handling robot is received.
  • the control unit of the cargo handling robot receives the work order.
  • the work order may include various information, for example, a work order may include information on a single transfer task, such as which height of the shelf the goods are on, which height of the shelf to transport to, and the like.
  • the invention is not limited to the specific content of the work order.
  • the work instruction can be parsed to obtain the specific information content of the handling task.
  • step S102 the movement unit of the cargo handling robot is controlled to move to the shelf at the first position, and the cargo at the first height is taken out.
  • the work order usually includes which shelf the target cargo is on, the position of the shelf, the specific cargo height, and the like.
  • the cargo handling robot is moved to the target shelf by controlling the movement unit of the robot, and the target cargo is captured by the cargo pick-and-place unit.
  • the cargo handling robot can be moved to the shelf at the first location by various methods, such as by computer vision navigation, inertial navigation, electromagnetic navigation, etc., and the present invention is not limited to a specific navigation method.
  • the motion unit of the cargo handling robot is controlled to move to the shelf of the second location according to the work instruction, and the cargo is placed on the shelf of the second location.
  • Two heights wherein, in the process of moving the cargo handling robot from the first position to the second position, the lifting unit raises or lowers the cargo pick-and-place unit from the first height to the second height.
  • the cargo pick-and-place unit is stationary in the vertical direction during the placement of the cargo to the shelf at the second location. .
  • no additional time is required to adjust the height of the cargo pick-and-place unit.
  • the lifting unit is configured to raise or lower the cargo pick-and-place unit according to preset trajectory information.
  • the lifting unit is configured to raise or lower the cargo pick-and-place unit from a first height to the second height when the cargo handling robot reaches the second position.
  • the control unit calculates the time required to move from the first position to the second position while calculating the height difference between the first height and the second height.
  • the cargo handling unit is also raised and lowered in place while the cargo handling robot reaches the second position.
  • the trajectory information comprises successive uniform acceleration, uniform velocity and uniform deceleration phases. Specifically shown in Figure 3.
  • the movement of the cargo pick-and-place unit such as the fork arm
  • the movement of the robot is linked with the movement of the robot, which saves the time for the fork arm to be individually lifted and lowered, thereby saving time for taking and discharging.
  • the cargo handling robot 200 includes a motion unit, a cargo pick-and-place unit, a lifting unit, and a control unit. Each unit is described in detail below.
  • the movement unit includes, for example, a base 202 of the cargo handling robot and a wheel 201 and a motor not shown.
  • the base is used to carry the various components of the robot.
  • the motor can drive the wheel 201 to drive the entire cargo handling robot 200 to perform various movements such as advancing, retreating, turning, and the like.
  • the cargo pick and place unit includes a fork arm 203, a telescopic motor 204, and a fork arm platform 208.
  • the cargo pick-and-place unit is carried by the motion unit and is configured to remove cargo from the shelf or place the cargo on the shelf.
  • the telescopic motor 204 can drive the fork arms 203 to extend or retract. For example, when it is desired to grab the cargo, the telescoping motor 204 drives the fork arms 203 a distance to reach below the target cargo, and then the drive fork arms 203 are retracted to retract and place the cargo on the fork boom platform 208.
  • the fork arm 203, the telescopic motor 204, and the fork arm platform 208 are a preferred implementation of the cargo pick-and-place unit, and the invention is not limited thereto.
  • One of ordinary skill in the art can also contemplate other implementations, such as the use of robotic arms, mechanical jaws to pick up and place cargo, which are all within the scope of the present invention.
  • the lifting unit is carried by the moving unit and is configured to raise or lower the cargo pick-and-place unit to a certain target height.
  • the lifting unit includes a chain 206 and a lifting motor 205, and the cargo pick-and-place unit (eg, the fork arm 203, the telescopic motor 204, and the fork arm platform 208) is fixed to the chain 206, thereby When the lift motor 205 drives the chain 206 to rotate, the height of the cargo pick-and-place unit changes accordingly.
  • Other embodiments of the lifting unit can also be conceived by a person skilled in the art, for example by means of a rail structure, which are all within the scope of the invention.
  • the control unit is, for example, a central controller of the cargo handling robot that controls the overall operation of the robot.
  • a control unit coupled to the motion unit, the cargo pick-and-place unit, and the lifting unit, and configured to control the lifting unit to pick and place the cargo during movement of the cargo robot from the first position to the second position
  • the unit is raised or lowered from the first height to the second height.
  • control device is configured to: after the cargo handling robot moves to the second position, keep the goods in the process of placing the goods in the second position
  • the discharge unit is stationary in the vertical direction.
  • the cargo handling robot further comprises a camera or radar 209, the camera or radar 209 being configured to measure the distance of the cargo pick-and-place unit from the cargo.
  • the camera or radar 209 is coupled to the control device so that the control device can more accurately control the cargo pick-and-place unit to take out the cargo based on the distance measured by the camera or radar.
  • the cargo pick-and-place unit can be a fork arm device.
  • the fork arm device usually needs to extend the fork arm a distance below the cargo when removing the cargo.
  • the distance of the cargo pick-and-place unit to the cargo can be measured by means of a radar or a camera.
  • the lifting unit is configured to raise or lower the cargo pick-and-place unit according to preset trajectory information, wherein preferably the lifting unit is configured to be when the cargo handling robot reaches the second position And raising or lowering the cargo pick-and-place unit from the first height to the second height.
  • Figure 3 shows a preferred version of the preset trajectory information, wherein the trajectory information comprises a continuous uniform acceleration phase I, a uniform velocity phase II and a uniform deceleration phase III.
  • the control unit calculates the time t required to move from the first position to the second position while calculating the height difference h between the first height and the second height.
  • the trajectory information of the cargo pick-and-place unit for example, by adjusting the acceleration or maximum speed of the cargo pick-and-place unit trajectory
  • the time required for the cargo pick-and-place unit to move h distance is also t.
  • the cargo pick-and-place unit is also raised and lowered in place.
  • control device is configured to: keep the goods taken when the cargo handling robot moves to the second position, placing the goods to the shelf of the second position
  • the discharge unit is stationary in the vertical direction.
  • the camera or radar 209 in front of the fork arms reads the distance L1 of the pallet (for example, by radar ranging, or the camera is aligned with the two-dimensional code to measure distance).
  • the arm is returned to zero to take the cargo onto the fork arm platform 208.
  • the goods are placed on the third floor of another shelf.
  • the robot first moves.
  • the fork arm platform is planned from the shelf according to the trajectory time of the moving phase (the time the robot moves).
  • the layer height H1 rises to the third layer height H2 trajectory information of the shelf, and the trajectory information mainly includes acceleration, velocity and position information of each sampling period, as shown in FIG.
  • the lifting motor is operated according to the planned trajectory information in advance, and the lifting motor drives the fork arm platform to the third layer through the chain drive.
  • the fork arm 3 is extended by the distance L by executing the telescopic motor, and then the lifting motor is driven to drive the fork arm platform to descend the height h, and the cargo is placed on the shelf, and then the telescopic motor is executed to make the fork arm back. Zero, that is, complete a pick-up to release process.
  • the movement of the fork arm is linked with the movement of the AGV trolley, which saves the time for the fork arm to be lifted and lowered individually, thereby improving the time of taking and releasing the goods.
  • the fork arm lifting movement track is planned according to the chassis movement time, so that the lifting position arrival time is consistent with the chassis moving time.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Manipulator (AREA)
  • Warehouses Or Storage Devices (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种用于货物搬运机器人的控制方法,所述货物搬运机器人包括运动单元、货物取放单元和升降单元,所述货物取放单元和升降单元由所述运动单元承载,所述升降单元配置成可升高或降低所述货物取放单元,所述控制方法包括:接收货物搬运机器人的工作指令;根据所述工作指令,控制所述货物搬运机器人的运动单元,使其移动到第一位置的货架,取出位于第一高度的货物;根据所述工作指令,控制所述货物搬运机器人的运动单元,使其移动到第二位置的货架,并将所述货物放置到所述第二位置的货架的第二高度处,其中在所述货物搬运机器人从第一位置移动到第二位置的过程中,所述升降单元将所述货物取放单元从第一高度升高或降低到所述第二高度。

Description

货物搬运机器人及其控制方法 技术领域
本发明涉及机器人领域,更具体地,涉及一种用于搬运货物的机器人以及用于机器人的控制方法。
背景技术
随着产业自动化需求的增长,越来越多地使用机器人来实现例如工厂或仓库内物料的自动运输、转送等功能。自动导引车是具有磁条、轨道或者激光等的自动导引设备,以电池为动力沿规划好的路径行驶,并且装备有安全保护以及各种辅助机构(例如移载,装配机构)的无人驾驶的自动化车辆。
2011年KIVA公司提出了货架到人的搬运方法。通常的搬运过程中,机器人根据操作指令,首先到达要访问的货架,升降到适合的高度之后,取出货物,然后机器人根据操作指令,运动到目的地的货架,然后升高或降低到适合的高度,放下货物。这种取放方式实现了自动的机械化操作,但是各个操作是顺序进行的,操作效率较低。
背景技术部分的内容仅仅是发明人所知晓的技术,并不当然代表本领域的现有技术。
发明内容
有鉴于此,本发明提出一种用于货物搬运机器人的控制方法,其中所述货物搬运机器人包括运动单元、货物取放单元和升降单元,所述货物取放单元和升降单元由所述运动单元承载,所述升降单元配置成可升高或降低所述货物取放单元,所述控制方法包括:接收货物搬运机器人的工作指令;根据所述工作指令,控制所述货物搬运机器人的运动单元,使其移动到第一位置的货架,取出位于第一高度的货物;根据所述工作指令,控制所述货物搬运机器人的运动单元,使其移动到第二位置的货架,并将所述货物放置到所述 第二位置的货架的第二高度处,其中在所述货物搬运机器人从第一位置移动到第二位置的过程中,所述升降单元将所述货物取放单元从第一高度升高或降低到所述第二高度。
根据本发明的一个方面,所述取出位于第一高度的货物的步骤包括:测量所述货物取放单元到所述货物的距离L1,控制所述货物取放单元向外伸出距离L,以取出所述位于第一高度的货物,其中L=L1+L2,L2为所述货物或承载所述货物的托盘的长度。
根据本发明的一个方面,所述升降单元配置成根据预设的轨迹信息升高或降低所述货物取放单元,其中优选的,所述升降单元配置成在所述货物搬运机器人到达第二位置时,将所述货物取放单元从第一高度升高或降低到所述第二高度。
根据本发明的一个方面,所述轨迹信息包括连续的匀加速、匀速和匀减速阶段。
根据本发明的一个方面,所述货物搬运机器人移动到所述第二位置、将所述货物放置到所述第二位置的货架时,所述货物取放单元在竖直方向静止。
本发明还涉及一种货物搬运机器人,包括:运动单元;货物取放单元,所述货物取放单元由所述运动单元承载,并配置成可以取出货物或者将货物放置到货架上;升降单元,所述升降单元由所述运动单元承载,并配置成可以升高或降低所述货物取放单元;和控制单元,所述控制单元与所述运动单元、货物取放单元和升降单元耦合,并配置成可执行本发明的控制方法。
根据本发明的一个方面,所述料箱机器人还包括摄像头或雷达,所述摄像头或雷达配置成可测量所述货物取放单元与所述货物的距离。
根据本发明的一个方面,所述控制装置配置成可根据所述摄像头或雷达测量的距离控制所述货物取放单元以取出货物。
根据本发明的一个方面,所述升降单元配置成根据预设的轨迹信息升高或降低所述货物取放单元,其中优选的,所述升降单元配置成在所述货物搬运机器人到达第二位置时,将所述货物取放单元从第一高度升高或降低到所 述第二高度。
根据本发明的一个方面,所述轨迹信息包括连续的匀加速、匀速和匀减速阶段。
根据本发明的一个方面,所述控制装置配置成:当所述货物搬运机器人移动到所述第二位置、将所述货物放置到所述第二位置的货架时,保持所述货物取放单元在竖直方向静止。
根据本发明的实施例,叉臂的运动与货物搬运机器人的移动进行了联动,节省了叉臂单独升降执行的时间,从而提高取、放货的时间。
附图说明
构成本发明的一部分的附图用来提供对本发明的进一步理解,本发明的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本发明,并不构成对本发明的不当限定。在附图中:
图1为根据本发明第一实施例的用于货物搬运机器人的控制方法的流程图;
图2为根据本发明第二实施例的货物搬运机器人的示意图;
图3为根据本发明一个实施例的预设轨迹信息;和
图4为根据本发明一个实施例的货架和货物的示意图。
具体实施方式
在下文中,仅简单地描述了某些示例性实施例。正如本领域技术人员可认识到的那样,在不脱离本发明的精神或范围的情况下,可通过各种不同方式修改所描述的实施例。因此,附图和描述被认为本质上是示例性的而非限制性的。
在本发明的描述中,需要理解的是,术语"中心"、"纵向"、"横向"、"长度"、"宽度"、"厚度"、"上"、"下"、"前"、"后"、"左"、"右"、"坚直"、"水平"、"顶"、"底"、"内"、"外"、"顺时针"、"逆时针"等指示的方位或位 置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系,仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述,而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作,因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。此外,术语"第一"、"第二"仅用于描述目的,而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。由此,限定有"第一"、"第二"的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括一个或者更多个所述特征。在本发明的描述中,"多个"的含义是两个或两个以上,除非另有明确具体的限定。
在本发明的描述中,需要说明的是,除非另有明确的规定和限定,术语"安装"、"相连"、"连接"应做广义理解,例如,可以是固定连接,也可以是可拆卸连接,或一体地连接:可以是机械连接,也可以是电连接或可以相互通讯;可以是直接相连,也可以通过中间媒介间接相连,可以是两个元件内部的连通或两个元件的相互作用关系。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言,可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本发明中的具体含义。
在本发明中,除非另有明确的规定和限定,第一特征在第二特征之"上"或之"下"可以包括第一和第二特征直接接触,也可以包括第一和第二特征不是直接接触而是通过它们之间的另外的特征接触。而且,第一特征在第二特征"之上"、"上方"和"上面"包括第一特征在第二特征正上方和斜上方,或仅仅表示第一特征水平高度高于第二特征。第一特征在第二特征"之下"、"下方"和"下面"包括第一特征在第二特征正上方和斜上方,或仅仅表示第一特征水平高度小于第二特征。
下文的公开提供了许多不同的实施方式或例子用来实现本发明的不同结构。为了简化本发明的公开,下文中对特定例子的部件和设置进行描述。当然,它们仅仅为示例,并且目的不在于限制本发明。此外,本发明可以在不同例子中重复参考数字和/或参考字母,这种重复是为了简化和清楚的目的,其本身不指示所讨论各种实施方式和/或设置之间的关系。此外,本发明提供了的各种特定的工艺和材料的例子,但是本领域普通技术人员可以意识到其他工艺的应用和/或其他材料的使用。
以下结合附图对本发明的优选实施例进行说明,应当理解,此处所描述的优选实施例仅用于说明和解释本发明,并不用于限定本发明。
图1示出了根据本发明第一实施例的一种用于货物搬运机器人的控制方法100。第一实施例的控制方法100可适用于各种类型的货物搬运机器人。通常所述货物搬运机器人包括运动单元、货物取放单元和升降单元。运动单元例如包括底盘、框架、驱动轮、从动轮、电动机中的一个或多个。底盘和框架可用于承载各个部件,电动机驱动该驱动轮,带动整个货物搬运机器人行走,进行前进、后退、转弯等各种运动。必要的话,运动单元还可以包括从动轮。货物取放单元和升降单元由所述运动单元承载。货物取放单元例如机械臂或者叉臂装置,可用于抓取货物。升降单元配置成可升高或降低货物取放单元到不同的高度,例如可以是导轨类型的结构或者链传动类型的结构。当然,货物搬运机器人包括控制单元,控制单元与运动单元、货物取放单元和升降单元耦合,控制各部分的运行。控制单元可以与其他部件集成在一起,也可以是单独的、外置的控制单元,与其他部件通信耦合。这些都在本发明的保护范围内。
如图1所示,在步骤S101,接收货物搬运机器人的工作指令。例如货物搬运机器人的控制单元接收到该工作指令。根据具体的工作情况,工作指令可以包括各种信息,例如,一条工作指令可以包括一次搬运任务的信息,例如货物处于哪个货架上的哪个高度,要搬运到哪个货架的哪个高度等等。本发明不限于工作指令的具体内容。接收到一条工作指令之后,必要的话,可以对该工作指令进行解析,以获得搬运任务的具体信息内容。
在步骤S102,根据所述工作指令,控制所述货物搬运机器人的运动单元,使其移动到第一位置的货架,取出位于第一高度的货物。根据上文所述,工作指令中通常会包括目标货物处于哪个货架,货架的位置,具体的货物高度等等。在获知这些信息之后,通过控制机器人的运动单元,将货物搬运机器人移动到目标货架,并且通过货物取放单元来抓取目标货物。货物搬运机器人可以通过多种方法移动到第一位置的货架,例如通过计算机视觉导航、惯性导航、电磁导航等方式,本发明不限于具体的导航方式。
在步骤S103,抓取到目标货物之后,继续根据工作指令,控制货物搬运机器人的运动单元,使其移动到第二位置的货架,并将所述货物放置到所述第二位置的货架的第二高度处。其中,在所述货物搬运机器人从第一位置移动到第二位置的过程中,所述升降单元将所述货物取放单元从第一高度升高或降低到所述第二高度。
根据一个优选的实现方式,所述货物搬运机器人移动到所述第二位置后,在将所述货物放置到所述第二位置的货架的过程中,所述货物取放单元在竖直方向静止。这样,在货物搬运机器人移动到位之后,不需要另外消耗时间来调整货物取放单元的高度。
所述取出位于第一高度的货物的步骤例如包括:测量所述货物取放单元到所述货物的距离L1,控制所述货物取放单元向外伸出距离L,以取出所述位于第一高度的货物,其中L=L1+L2,L2为所述货物或承载所述货物的托盘的长度。
所述升降单元配置成根据预设的轨迹信息升高或降低所述货物取放单元。其中优选的,所述升降单元配置成在所述货物搬运机器人到达第二位置时,将所述货物取放单元从第一高度升高或降低到所述第二高度。例如控制单元在计算出从第一位置移动到第二位置所需要的时间,同时计算出第一高度和第二高度之间的高度差。通过调整升降单元的轨迹信息,使得在货物搬运机器人到达第二位置的同时,货物取放单元也升降到位。
根据本发明的一个优选实现方式,所述轨迹信息包括连续的匀加速、匀速和匀减速阶段。具体如图3所示。
根据本发明第一实施例的控制方法100,货物取放单元例如叉臂的运动与机器人移动进行了联动,节省了叉臂单独升降执行的时间,从而节省了取、放货的时间。
下面参考图2描述本发明第二实施例的一种货物搬运机器人200。货物搬运机器人200包括:运动单元、货物取放单元、升降单元和控制单元。下面详细描述各个单元。
运动单元例如包括货物搬运机器人的底座202以及车轮201以及未示出的电机。底座用于承载机器人的各个部件。电机可以驱动车轮201以带动整个货物搬运机器人200做各种运动,例如前进,后退,转弯等。
根据一个优选实现方式,货物取放单元包括叉臂203、伸缩电机204和叉臂平台208。所述货物取放单元由所述运动单元承载,并配置成可以从货架取出货物或者将货物放置到货架上。伸缩电机204可以驱动叉臂203伸出或者缩回。例如当需要抓取货物时,伸缩电机204驱动叉臂203伸出一段距离,到达目标货物的下方,然后驱动叉臂203缩回,将货物收回并放置在叉臂平台208上。叉臂203、伸缩电机204和叉臂平台208是货物取放单元的一个优选的实现方式,本发明不限于此。普通技术人员还可以构思出其他的实现方式,例如采用机械臂、机械爪的方式来取放货物,这些都在本发明的范围内。
升降单元由所述运动单元承载,并配置成可以升高或降低所述货物取放单元,到达一定的目标高度。如图2所示,在一个优选的实现方式中,升降单元包括链条206和升降电机205,货物取放单元(例如叉臂203、伸缩电机204和叉臂平台208)固定在链条206上,从而当升降电机205驱动链条206转动时,货物取放单元的高度会随之调整变化。普通技术人员也可以构思出升降单元的其他实现方式,例如通过导轨结构来实现,这些都在本发明的保护范围内。
控制单元例如是货物搬运机器人的中央控制器,控制机器人的整体操作。控制单元与所述运动单元、货物取放单元和升降单元耦合,并配置成可以在所述货物机器人从第一位置移动到第二位置的过程中,控制所述升降单元将所述货物取放单元从第一高度升高或降低到所述第二高度。
根据一个优选的实现方式,所述控制装置配置成:所述货物搬运机器人移动到所述第二位置后,在将所述货物放置到所述第二位置的货架过程中,保持所述货物取放单元在竖直方向静止。
根据一个优选的实现方式,所述货物搬运机器人还包括摄像头或雷达 209,所述摄像头或雷达209配置成可测量所述货物取放单元与所述货物的距离。摄像头或雷达209与控制装置耦合,因此控制装置能够根据所述摄像头或雷达测量的距离,更精确地控制所述货物取放单元取出货物。根据本发明的一个优选实现方式,货物取放单元可以是叉臂装置。叉臂装置通常在取出货物时,需要将叉臂伸出一段距离至货物的下方。因此取出位于第一高度的货物的步骤可包括:测量所述货物取放单元到所述货物的距离L1,控制所述货物取放单元向外伸出距离L,以取出所述位于第一高度的货物,其中L=L1+L2,L2为所述货物或承载所述货物的托盘的长度。可以通过雷达或者摄像头的方式来测量所述货物取放单元到所述货物的距离。
根据一个优选实现方式,所述升降单元配置成根据预设的轨迹信息升高或降低所述货物取放单元,其中优选的,所述升降单元配置成在所述货物搬运机器人到达第二位置时,将所述货物取放单元从第一高度升高或降低到所述第二高度。
图3示出了预设轨迹信息的一个优选方案,其中所述轨迹信息包括连续的匀加速阶段I、匀速阶段II和匀减速阶段III。根据一个优选实现方式,控制单元在计算出从第一位置移动到第二位置所需要的时间t,同时计算出第一高度和第二高度之间的高度差h。通过调整货物取放单元的轨迹信息(例如通过调整货物取放单元轨迹的加速度或最大速度),使得货物取放单元运动h距离所需要的时间也为t。以实现在货物搬运机器人到达第二位置的同时,货物取放单元也升降到位。
根据本发明的一个优选实现方式,所述控制装置配置成:当所述货物搬运机器人移动到所述第二位置、将所述货物放置到所述第二位置的货架时,保持所述货物取放单元在竖直方向静止。
下面参考图3和图4描述本发明的货物搬运机器人的工作过程。
如图4,当叉臂平台208位于货架第一层前方位置时,叉臂前方的摄像头或雷达209读取到托盘的距离L1(例如通过雷达测距,或者摄像头对准二维码来测距),通过执行伸缩电机204使叉臂203伸出距离L(其中,L=L1+L2,L2为托盘长度),然后执行升降电机205带动叉臂平台208上升高度h,之 后执行伸缩电机使叉臂回零,即可将货物取到叉臂平台208上。
取得第一层货物后,要将货物放到另一个货架的第三层,机器人首先进行移动,在移动开始时,根据移动阶段的轨迹时间(机器人移动的时间)规划叉臂平台从货架第一层高度H1上升到货架第三层高度H2轨迹信息,轨迹信息主要包含每个采样周期的加速度、速度和位置信息,如图4。在移动过程中,根据提前规划好的轨迹信息操作升降电机,升降电机通过链传动带动叉臂平台上升到第三层。
AGV小车和叉臂同步运动到位后,通过执行伸缩电机使叉臂3伸出距离L,然后执行升降电机带动叉臂平台下降高度h,将货物放到货架上,之后执行伸缩电机使叉臂回零,即完成一个取货到放货流程。
该流程中,叉臂的运动与AGV小车移动进行了联动,节省了叉臂单独升降执行的时间,从而提高取、放货的时间。
根据底盘移动时间规划叉臂升降运动轨迹,使得升降位置到达时间与底盘移动时间一致。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
最后应说明的是:以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已,并不用于限制本发明,尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明,对于本领域的技术人员来说,其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (11)

  1. 一种用于货物搬运机器人的控制方法,其中所述货物搬运机器人包括运动单元、货物取放单元和升降单元,所述货物取放单元和升降单元由所述运动单元承载,所述升降单元配置成可升高或降低所述货物取放单元,所述控制方法包括:
    接收货物搬运机器人的工作指令;
    根据所述工作指令,控制所述货物搬运机器人的运动单元,使其移动到第一位置的货架,取出位于第一高度的货物;
    根据所述工作指令,控制所述货物搬运机器人的运动单元,使其移动到第二位置的货架,并将所述货物放置到所述第二位置的货架的第二高度处,其中在所述货物搬运机器人从第一位置移动到第二位置的过程中,所述升降单元将所述货物取放单元从第一高度升高或降低到所述第二高度。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的控制方法,其特征在于,所述取出位于第一高度的货物的步骤包括:
    测量所述货物取放单元到所述货物的距离L1,控制所述货物取放单元向外伸出距离L,以取出所述位于第一高度的货物,其中L=L1+L2,L2为所述货物或承载所述货物的托盘的长度。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的控制方法,其特征在于,其中所述升降单元配置成根据预设的轨迹信息升高或降低所述货物取放单元,其中优选的,所述升降单元配置成在所述货物搬运机器人到达第二位置时,将所述货物取放单元从第一高度升高或降低到所述第二高度。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的控制方法,其特征在于,所述轨迹信息包括连续的匀加速、匀速和匀减速阶段。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的控制方法,其特征在于,所述货物搬运机器人 移动到所述第二位置后,在将所述货物放置到所述第二位置的货架的过程中,所述货物取放单元在竖直方向静止。
  6. 一种货物搬运机器人,包括:
    运动单元;
    货物取放单元,所述货物取放单元由所述运动单元承载,并配置成可以从货架取出货物或者将货物放置到货架上;
    升降单元,所述升降单元由所述运动单元承载,并配置成可以升高或降低所述货物取放单元;和
    控制单元,所述控制单元与所述运动单元、货物取放单元和升降单元耦合,并配置成可执行如权利要求1所述的控制方法。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的货物搬运机器人,其特征在于,所述货物搬运机器人还包括摄像头或雷达,所述摄像头或雷达与所述控制单元耦合,并配置成可测量所述货物取放单元与所述货物的距离。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的货物搬运机器人,其特征在于,所述控制装置配置成可根据所述摄像头或雷达测量的距离控制所述货物取放单元以取出货物。
  9. 根据权利要求6-8中任一项所述的货物搬运机器人,其特征在于,其中所述升降单元配置成根据预设的轨迹信息升高或降低所述货物取放单元,其中优选的,所述升降单元配置成在所述货物搬运机器人到达第二位置时,将所述货物取放单元从第一高度升高或降低到所述第二高度。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的货物搬运机器人,其特征在于,所述轨迹信息包括连续的匀加速、匀速和匀减速阶段。
  11. 根据权利要求6-8中任一项所述的货物搬运机器人,其特征在于,所述控制装置配置成:在所述货物搬运机器人移动到所述第二位置后,在将所述货物放置到所述第二位置的货架的过程中,保持所述货物取放单元在竖直方向静止。
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