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WO2019024601A1 - Convertisseur cc-cc bidirectionnel - Google Patents

Convertisseur cc-cc bidirectionnel Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019024601A1
WO2019024601A1 PCT/CN2018/090367 CN2018090367W WO2019024601A1 WO 2019024601 A1 WO2019024601 A1 WO 2019024601A1 CN 2018090367 W CN2018090367 W CN 2018090367W WO 2019024601 A1 WO2019024601 A1 WO 2019024601A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
power tube
diode
power
capacitor
drain
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2018/090367
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English (en)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
尹向阳
李永昌
郭启利
Original Assignee
广州金升阳科技有限公司
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 广州金升阳科技有限公司 filed Critical 广州金升阳科技有限公司
Publication of WO2019024601A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019024601A1/fr

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33569—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements
    • H02M3/33576—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements having at least one active switching element at the secondary side of an isolation transformer
    • H02M3/33584—Bidirectional converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/44—Circuits or arrangements for compensating for electromagnetic interference in converters or inverters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0048—Circuits or arrangements for reducing losses
    • H02M1/0054—Transistor switching losses
    • H02M1/0058—Transistor switching losses by employing soft switching techniques, i.e. commutation of transistors when applied voltage is zero or when current flow is zero
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
    • Y02B70/10—Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a DC-DC converter, and more particularly to a DC-DC converter with energy bidirectional flow.
  • the DC-DC converter is an essential component of modern high-frequency switching power supplies. As its name implies, it converts the direct current (DC) input voltage Vin into a more desirable or more efficient direct current (DC) output voltage Vo.
  • a unidirectional DC-DC converter refers to a DC-DC converter that converts a DC voltage supplied at an input terminal into a DC voltage having a higher, lower or reverse voltage level.
  • a bidirectional DC-DC converter can realize bidirectional transmission of energy by forward or reverse operation of a bidirectional DC-DC converter, that is, allowing electric energy to flow from a defined input to an output.
  • the end, and vice versa is equivalent to two unidirectional DC converters.
  • It is a typical "one-machine dual-purpose" device, in the energy recovery system of uninterruptible power supply, battery charge and discharge, electric vehicles, high-power equipment, A wide range of applications are available in applications such as backup power for high-power equipment.
  • the flyback converter has the characteristics of few devices and high reliability, and is widely used in medium and small power DC-DC converters with a power of 50W or less.
  • the existing application number is 201410724447.3, and the invention is called "two-way non-destructive active equalization device".
  • Application hereinafter referred to as Background Document 1, shows a bidirectional converter composed of a flyback converter.
  • FIG. 1 of Background Document 1 in this application see FIG. 1 of the present application. It can be seen that the RCD absorbing circuit composed of the diode D1, the resistor R1 and the capacitor C2 is set on the single side, and the RCD absorbing circuit composed of the diode D4, the resistor R3 and the capacitor C4 is set on the whole side.
  • the working principle of the RCD absorbing circuit is a well-known technology. Refer to the section "4.3 RCD absorbing flyback converter" on page 67 of the above-mentioned "Switching Power Supply Converter Topology and Design”.
  • the shortcomings of this document RCD absorbing circuit Only when the power tube of the flyback converter is turned from saturation conduction to cutoff, in the background document 1, when the primary side is excited, the secondary side RCD absorption circuit participates in the whole process, and the energy consumed is relatively large.
  • the "non-destructive" absorption described in Background Document 1 is achieved.
  • the advantage of this document is that the secondary side RCD absorbing circuit does not participate in the operation when the primary side is excited, and the primary side RCD absorbing circuit does not participate in the operation when the secondary side is excited;
  • the energy is very small, achieving "lossless" absorption; however, its insufficiency analysis: leakage inductance energy is absorbed by the way of consumption, and the secondary winding Ns induced voltage is equal to: (Ns / Np) Vs, that is, the ratio Multiplying the operating voltage on the first side, the operating voltage of the first side has a larger variation range.
  • the operating range of Vs is 3.0V to 4.20V, and the variation is 40%. Is 10.
  • the existing bidirectional converter using a flyback converter that is, a flyback bidirectional converter, including background document 2, is still not ideal.
  • the present invention solves the deficiencies of the prior art flyback bidirectional converter, and provides a bidirectional converter for achieving bidirectional conversion of energy more efficiently.
  • the object of the present invention is to realize a bidirectional converter including a first side, a second side, a transformer, a first power tube, a second power tube, a third power tube, and a fourth power tube, first
  • the capacitor and the second capacitor comprise at least a primary winding and a secondary winding, and the connection relationship is:
  • the source of the first power tube is connected to the input of the first side;
  • the drain of the first power tube is connected to the opposite end of the primary winding of the transformer and the source of the third power tube; and the drain of the third power tube is connected One end of a capacitor, the other end of the first capacitor is connected to the same name end of the primary winding of the transformer, and forms the input of the first side;
  • the source of the second power tube is connected to the input of the second side; the drain of the second power tube is connected to the same end of the secondary winding of the transformer and the source of the fourth power tube; and the drain of the fourth power tube is connected to the second One end of the capacitor, the other end of the second capacitor is connected to the opposite end of the secondary winding of the transformer, and forms the input positive of the second side.
  • the gate of the first power tube, the gate of the second power tube, the gate of the third power tube, and the gate of the fourth power tube are respectively connected with an external PWM signal to respectively control the turning on and off of the four power tubes .
  • the method further includes a first diode, the anode of the first diode is connected to the source of the first power tube, and the cathode of the first diode is connected to the drain of the first power tube.
  • the second diode is further included, the anode of the second diode is connected to the source of the second power tube, and the cathode of the second diode is connected to the drain of the second power tube.
  • the method further includes a third diode and a fourth diode, the anode of the third diode is connected to the source of the third power tube, and the cathode of the third diode is connected to the drain of the third power tube.
  • the anode of the fourth diode is connected to the source of the fourth power tube, and the cathode of the fourth diode is connected to the drain of the fourth power tube.
  • the second diode When the second diode is forward-conducting, the second power tube is synchronously turned on after the dead time; when the first diode is conducting, the first power tube is synchronously turned on after the dead time.
  • the third diode When the third diode is forward-conducting, the third power tube is synchronously turned on after the dead time; when the fourth diode is forward-conducting, the fourth power tube is synchronously guided after the dead time through.
  • the first diode and the second diode are Schottky diodes.
  • the gate of the fourth power tube is to The source is in a low state, and the fourth power tube is in an off state;
  • the second power tube of the second side When the second power tube of the second side is in the PWM state, that is, when the energy is transferred from the second side to the first side, the driving of the first power tube and the fourth power tube are synchronized; the gate to source of the third power tube The pole is in a low state and the third power tube is in an off state.
  • the PWM drive signals of the first power tube and the second power tube are complementary.
  • the voltage resistance of the first power tube and the second power tube does not require the use of a high-voltage power tube
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a bidirectional converter in the background art
  • FIG. 3 is a circuit schematic diagram of a first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a body diode inside a power tube
  • Figure 5 is a circuit schematic diagram of a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is a circuit schematic diagram of a third embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 7 is a circuit schematic diagram of a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a first embodiment of the present invention, including a first side Vs, a second side Vo, a transformer B, a first power tube Q1, a second power tube Q2, a third power tube Q3, and a fourth
  • the power tube Q4, the first capacitor C1, the second capacitor C2, and the transformer B include at least a primary winding Np and a secondary winding Ns, and the connection relationship is:
  • the input of the first power tube Q1 is connected to the input of the first side Vs, which is represented by a corresponding - sign;
  • the drain of the first power transistor Q1 is connected to the different terminal end of the primary winding Np of the transformer and the source of the third power transistor Q3; the drain of the third power transistor Q3 is connected to the primary side of the transformer via the first capacitor C1.
  • the input of the second power tube Q2 is connected to the input of the second side, which is represented by a corresponding - sign;
  • the drain of the second power transistor Q2 is the same name as the secondary winding Ns of the transformer and the fourth power tube Q4 a source;
  • a drain of the fourth power transistor Q4 is connected to a different end of the secondary winding Ns of the transformer via a second capacitor C2, and forms an input positive of the second side, which is represented by a corresponding + sign;
  • the gate of Q1, the gate of Q2, the gate of Q3, and the gate of Q4 are respectively connected to external PWM signals to control the turn-on and turn-off of four power transistors.
  • the gate of the fourth power tube is to The source is in a low state, and the fourth power tube is in an off state;
  • the second power tube of the second side When the second power tube of the second side is in the PWM state, that is, when the energy is transferred from the second side to the first side, the driving of the first power tube and the fourth power tube are synchronized; the gate to source of the third power tube The pole is in a low state, and the third power tube is in an off state;
  • the power tube generally refers to the field effect transistor, that is, the MOS tube. Since the body generally has a parasitic diode, which is also called a body diode, the body diode is not embodied in the general power tube schematic diagram. To facilitate the description of the working principle, the power tube is provided internally.
  • the structure diagram is shown in Fig. 4.
  • Fig. 4 shows the correspondence between the field effect transistor with the body diode and the electrical symbol of the FET of the general simple drawing method.
  • the flow direction of the current is: the first side Vs+ ⁇ the same name end of the primary winding Np ⁇ the different name end of the primary winding Np ⁇ the drain D of the first power tube Q1 ⁇ the source S of the first power tube Q1 ⁇ first
  • the side Vs- forming a loop, at this time, using the relationship of the same name, it can be known that the secondary winding Ns of the transformer B induces an induced voltage of negative and negative, which is called "secondary winding Ns induced voltage", during the excitation process,
  • the body diode of Q2 is in reverse bias and the transformer stores energy.
  • the fourth power transistor Q4 Since the gate to the source of the fourth power transistor Q4 is in a low state, the fourth power transistor Q4 is in an off state. At this moment, the secondary winding Ns induces a voltage to charge the capacitor C2 through the body diode of the fourth power transistor Q4. Since the fourth power transistor Q4 is in the off state and there is no other path, this is the first cycle. In the subsequent cycle, since the capacitor C2 is charged and the charging current is no longer formed, in the subsequent cycle, When the power tube Q1 is again saturated and conducts and the primary winding Np of the transformer is excited, the secondary winding Ns induces a voltage in an idling state without energy loss.
  • Tube Q3, can realize the zero voltage conduction of Q3, ie ZVS; the transformer releases energy, the original flow direction is: the same name end of the primary winding Np flows to the different name end, that is, from top to bottom, transformer B operates as energy storage inductor The current will appear in the secondary winding Ns, the flow direction is still the same name end flow to the different name end, the secondary winding Ns of the transformer B appears from the bottom up current, then the body diode of Q2 is in the forward conduction state, the energy from The primary side is transferred to the secondary side, and the second side Vo is charged to complete the power conversion;
  • the primary side magnetizing inductance is clamped at -NVo by the secondary side. Since the transformer B has a leakage inductance, the leakage inductance resonates through the saturated conduction of Q3 and C1; and as the inductor discharges, the 1/2 cycle passes. After the Q3 is turned off, the inductor current cannot be abruptly changed. At this time, the Q1 output capacitor discharges and the Q3 output capacitor charges. When the voltage across the Q1 drain source is zero, the body diode is turned on. At this time, Q1 is turned on, and Q1 is realized. The voltage is turned on, and then the second cycle begins.
  • Q4 does not work, and the third power tube Q3 and Q1 work alternately, that is, Q3 is turned on after Q1 is turned off, and Q1 is turned on after Q3 is turned off, and there is a dead time between the alternate work;
  • the second power tube Q2 connected in parallel is turned on synchronously, so that the synchronous rectification function of the second power tube Q2 can be realized, and the conversion efficiency is further improved.
  • the two sides of the circuit have a high degree of symmetry, although the operating voltage on both sides may be different, such as the second side is connected to the entire battery pack, but the working principle is the same, the work of the second side Vo works.
  • the principle that the energy is transferred from the second side Vo to the first side Vs that is, when the second power tube Q2 of the second side Vo is in the PWM operating state, the gate to the source of the third power transistor Q3 is at a low level. State, the third power tube Q3 is in an off state, the fourth power tube Q4 is in a working state complementary to Q2, and the energy conversion transfer is also implemented, and the energy is transferred from the second side Vo to the first side Vs;
  • the power circuit is shown in Figure 3. It is applied between the super capacitor unit and the super capacitor group, and equalizes the voltage of one cell in the super capacitor group and the voltage of other cells in the group.
  • the Vs working voltage is 2.8V, which is the voltage of a super capacitor.
  • the power transistors Q1 and Q3 are both SIR422, which is a 40V 40A MOS transistor. Its RDS(ON) is 6.6m ⁇ , the package is SO-8, and the capacitor C1 is 4.7. uF;
  • Vo working voltage is 28V, which is the voltage of a super capacitor group. It is obtained by connecting ten super capacitors in series.
  • the power tubes Q2 and Q4 are both BSZ440N10NS3G, 100V/18A, and its RDS(ON) is 44m ⁇ .
  • the package is PG-TSDSON. -8 MOS tube, capacitor C2 is 4.7uF;
  • transformer B The parameters of transformer B: the core is ER14.5 universal core; the primary winding Np is 3 ⁇ , which is 8 strands of 0.2mm enameled wire and wound; the secondary winding Ns is 12 ⁇ , which is 3 strands of 0.2mm enameled wire and wound; Design power is 14W;
  • the integrated circuits for the main control are all ISL6840, and the operating frequency is 270KHz.
  • the conversion efficiency of the present invention is measured:
  • the diode D3 on the first side is BAS16, the resistor R1 is 10 ⁇ , the Zener diode W1 is a 10V/0.2W voltage regulator tube; the diode D4 on the second side is a diode M1FL20U-6063, the resistor R2 is 100 ⁇ , and the Zener diode W2 It is a 39V/0.5W voltage regulator tube;
  • the conversion efficiency from the first side Vs to the second side Vo was 84.8%, which was 1.3% lower than that of the present invention.
  • the conversion efficiency from the second side Vo to the first side Vs was 90.0%; compared with the present invention, it was decreased by 1.4%.
  • the solution of the present invention realizes the recovery of the leakage inductance energy and realizes the ZVS of the power tube by participating in the resonance of the energy of the leakage inductance and the capacitance C1, thereby achieving better “non-destructive” absorption than the prior art;
  • the realization of the purpose of the invention is achieved by implementing an isolated two-way transformation.
  • the first diode D1 is connected in parallel between the source and the drain of Q1, the anode of D1 is connected to the source of Q1, and the cathode of D1 is connected to the drain of Q1.
  • D1 can be a Schottky diode. When D1 is forward-conducting, the D1 conduction loss is smaller than the body diode conduction loss of Q1, which can further improve the conversion efficiency.
  • the second diode D2 is connected in parallel between the source and the drain of Q2, the anode of D2 is connected to the source of Q2, and the cathode of D2 is connected to the drain of Q2.
  • D2 can be a Schottky diode.
  • the D2 conduction loss is smaller than the body diode conduction loss of Q2, which can further improve the conversion efficiency.
  • a third diode D3 is connected in parallel between the source and the drain of Q3, the anode of D3 is connected to the source of Q3, and the cathode of D3 is connected to the drain of Q3, at Q4.
  • a fourth diode D4 is connected in parallel between the source and the drain, the anode of D4 is connected to the source of Q4, and the cathode of D34 is connected to the drain of Q4.
  • D3 and D4 can be Schottky diodes.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)
  • Rectifiers (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un convertisseur bidirectionnel, comprenant un premier côté Vs, un second côté Vo, un transformateur B, des tubes de puissance Q1, Q2, Q3 et Q4, des diodes D1 et D2, et des condensateurs C1 et C2, le transformateur B comprenant au moins un enroulement primaire Np et un enroulement secondaire Ns, le tube de puissance Q1 étant connecté à l'enroulement primaire Np en série après avoir été connecté à la diode D1 en parallèle, le tube de puissance Q3 étant connecté à l'enroulement primaire Np en parallèle après avoir été connecté au condensateur C1 en série, le tube de puissance Q2 étant connecté à l'enroulement secondaire Ns en série après avoir été connecté à la diode D2 en parallèle, et le tube de puissance Q4 étant connecté à l'enroulement secondaire Ns en parallèle après avoir été connecté au condensateur C2 en série. L'énergie d'inductance de fuite peut être recyclée après l'oscillation de résonance de l'inductance de fuite et de la capacité, et une mise sous tension nulle de certains tubes de puissance est mise en œuvre, réduisant la perte de commutation. Au moyen du circuit, les défauts d'un convertisseur bidirectionnel existant faisant appel à un circuit d'absorption RCD qui consomme de l'énergie électrique à inductance de fuite et qui dispose d'une faible efficacité sont évités, et le circuit présente les caractéristiques d'un circuit simple et d'une faible consommation d'énergie.
PCT/CN2018/090367 2017-08-03 2018-06-08 Convertisseur cc-cc bidirectionnel WO2019024601A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201710654256.8 2017-08-03
CN201710654256.8A CN107482921A (zh) 2017-08-03 2017-08-03 一种双向dc‑dc变换器

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WO2019024601A1 true WO2019024601A1 (fr) 2019-02-07

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107482921A (zh) * 2017-08-03 2017-12-15 广州金升阳科技有限公司 一种双向dc‑dc变换器
CN108418438B (zh) * 2018-05-18 2020-01-21 广州金升阳科技有限公司 一种dc-dc变换器
CN110364134B (zh) * 2019-08-19 2022-01-07 深圳南云微电子有限公司 一种蜂鸣器驱动电路

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CN105896991A (zh) * 2016-05-25 2016-08-24 广州金升阳科技有限公司 一种双向变换器
CN107482921A (zh) * 2017-08-03 2017-12-15 广州金升阳科技有限公司 一种双向dc‑dc变换器

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KR20160047281A (ko) * 2014-10-22 2016-05-02 국민대학교산학협력단 배터리 충방전 기능을 갖는 양방향 컨버터 회로
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EP0722212A1 (fr) * 1995-01-13 1996-07-17 SEXTANT AVIONIQUE (Société Anonyme) Convertisseurs de tension bidirectionnels du type continu-continu et capteur de courant
CN105896991A (zh) * 2016-05-25 2016-08-24 广州金升阳科技有限公司 一种双向变换器
CN107482921A (zh) * 2017-08-03 2017-12-15 广州金升阳科技有限公司 一种双向dc‑dc变换器

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