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WO2019092305A1 - Convertisseur de puissance, centrale électrique et procédé de commande d'une centrale électrique - Google Patents

Convertisseur de puissance, centrale électrique et procédé de commande d'une centrale électrique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019092305A1
WO2019092305A1 PCT/FI2017/050771 FI2017050771W WO2019092305A1 WO 2019092305 A1 WO2019092305 A1 WO 2019092305A1 FI 2017050771 W FI2017050771 W FI 2017050771W WO 2019092305 A1 WO2019092305 A1 WO 2019092305A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
direct voltage
power converter
poles
energy storage
energy
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/FI2017/050771
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Thomas Hägglund
Timo Alho
Original Assignee
Wärtsilä Finland Oy
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Wärtsilä Finland Oy filed Critical Wärtsilä Finland Oy
Priority to PCT/FI2017/050771 priority Critical patent/WO2019092305A1/fr
Publication of WO2019092305A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019092305A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
    • H02J7/35—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering with light sensitive cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/28—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy
    • H02J3/32—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy using batteries with converting means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/381—Dispersed generators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/12—Arrangements for reducing harmonics from ac input or output
    • H02M1/126—Arrangements for reducing harmonics from ac input or output using passive filters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
    • H02M3/158—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/53—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/537—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
    • H02M7/5387—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
    • H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
    • H02J2300/22—The renewable source being solar energy
    • H02J2300/24—The renewable source being solar energy of photovoltaic origin
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0043—Converters switched with a phase shift, i.e. interleaved
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0064—Magnetic structures combining different functions, e.g. storage, filtering or transformation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0095—Hybrid converter topologies, e.g. NPC mixed with flying capacitor, thyristor converter mixed with MMC or charge pump mixed with buck
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
    • H02M3/158—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
    • H02M3/1584—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load with a plurality of power processing stages connected in parallel
    • H02M3/1586—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load with a plurality of power processing stages connected in parallel switched with a phase shift, i.e. interleaved
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/493—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode the static converters being arranged for operation in parallel
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/66—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/68—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/72—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/79—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/797—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E70/00—Other energy conversion or management systems reducing GHG emissions
    • Y02E70/30—Systems combining energy storage with energy generation of non-fossil origin

Definitions

  • the disclosure relates generally to control of electric energy. More particularly, the disclosure relates to a power converter for an electric power plant. Furthermore, the disclosure relates to an electric power plant, to a method for controlling an electric power plant, and to a computer program for controlling an electric power plant.
  • an electric power plant for producing electric energy comprises one or more direct voltage energy sources and one or more direct voltage energy storages for storing energy and for responding to momentary power needs which cannot be satisfied by the direct voltage energy sources.
  • Each direct voltage energy source can be for example a photovoltaic panel, a fuel cell, or another suitable direct voltage energy source.
  • Each direct voltage energy storage may comprise for example a battery system and/or a capacitor bank.
  • the electric power plant comprises one or more power converters for transferring energy from the direct voltage energy sources and from the direct voltage energy storages to an alternating voltage power grid.
  • Each power converter comprises typically an inverter-bridge and a network filter for connecting the inverter-bridge to a supply transformer of the alternating voltage power grid.
  • a network filter may comprise for example serial inductors or an inductor-capacitor-inductor "LCL" filter.
  • the electric power plant may comprise a separate power converter of the kind described above for each direct voltage energy source and for each direct voltage energy storage.
  • Each power converter connected to a direct voltage energy storage is capable of transferring energy in both directions between the direct voltage energy storage and a supply transformer of an alternating voltage power grid.
  • the energy transfer path from the direct voltage energy source to the direct voltage energy storage is rather long and comprises many elements. Thus, there may be significant power loss in the above-mentioned energy transfer path.
  • the total power transferred by power converters connected to the direct voltage energy sources is higher than output power of the electric power plant because a part of energy transferred by these power converters is directed to the one or more direct voltage energy storages.
  • the power converters connected to the direct voltage energy sources for a power level higher than the output power of the electric power plant.
  • an electric power plant comprises a single power converter of the kind described above and direct voltage converters for connecting each direct voltage energy source and each direct voltage energy storage to the direct voltage side of the power converter.
  • Each direct voltage converter connected to a direct voltage energy storage is capable of transferring energy in both directions between the direct voltage energy storage and the direct voltage side of the power converter.
  • the total power transferred by direct voltage converters connected to the direct voltage energy sources is higher than output power of the electric power plant because a part of energy transferred by these direct voltage converters is directed to one or more direct voltage energy storages.
  • the direct voltage converters connected to the direct voltage energy sources for a power level higher than the output power of the electric power plant.
  • a power converter according to the invention comprises:
  • an inverter-bridge comprising alternating voltage poles and first direct voltage poles for connecting to a direct voltage energy storage
  • a network filter for connecting the alternating voltage poles to an alternating voltage power grid
  • a controller for controlling, in a first operating mode of the power converter, the inverter-bridge to transfer energy from the first direct voltage poles to the alternating voltage poles
  • - second direct voltage poles for connecting to a direct voltage energy source
  • a contactor for arranging, in a second operating mode of the power converter, electric current paths from a first one of the second direct voltage poles to one or more of the alternating voltage poles and from one of the first direct voltage poles to a second one of the second direct voltage poles so that at least one of the electric current paths comprises at least one inductive component.
  • the above-mentioned controller is configured to control, in the second operating mode, each of one or more controllable switches between each of the one or more alternating voltage poles and the one of the first direct voltage poles to be alternately conductive and non-conductive.
  • the above-mentioned at least one inductive component is alternately charged via the second direct voltage poles and discharged via the first direct voltage poles.
  • the at least one inductive component may comprise for example one or more inductive components of the network filter.
  • the above-mentioned inverter-bridge is usable as an inverter for supplying energy to the alternating voltage power grid, as well as a voltage-increasing direct voltage converter, i.e.
  • the energy transfer path from the direct voltage energy source to the direct voltage energy storage can be short when the voltage of the direct voltage energy source is lower than the voltage of the direct voltage energy storage. This reduces power losses related to charging the direct voltage energy storage.
  • At least one direct voltage energy source e.g. a photovoltaic panel
  • At least one direct voltage energy storage e.g. a battery system
  • a second power converter for transferring, in a first operational mode of the electric power plant, electric energy from the direct voltage energy storage to the alternating voltage power grid and for transferring, in a second operational mode of the electric power plant, electric energy from the direct voltage energy source to the direct voltage energy storage.
  • a method for controlling an electric power plant of the kind described above comprises: - controlling, in the first operational mode, the second power converter to transfer electric energy from the direct voltage energy storage to the alternating voltage power grid,
  • each of one or more controllable switches between each of the one or more alternating voltage poles of the second power converter and the direct voltage pole of the second power converter to be alternately conductive and non-conductive so as to alternately charge energy to the at least one inductive component from the direct voltage energy source and discharge the energy from the at least one inductive component to the direct voltage energy storage.
  • a computer program according to the invention comprises computer executable instructions for controlling a programmable processing system to:
  • a contactor of the second power converter in the second operational mode, a contactor of the second power converter to arrange electric current paths from a first direct voltage pole of the direct voltage energy source to one or more alternating voltage poles of the second power converter and from a direct voltage pole of the second power converter to a second direct voltage pole of the direct voltage energy source so that at least one of the electric current paths comprises at least one inductive component
  • the computer program product comprises a non-volatile computer readable medium, e.g. a compact disc "CD", encoded with a computer program according to the invention.
  • figure 1 illustrates a power converter according to an exemplifying and non-limiting embodiment of the invention
  • figure 2 illustrates a power converter according to another exemplifying and non- limiting embodiment of the invention
  • figures 3a, 3b, and 3c illustrate electric power plants according to exemplifying and non-limiting embodiments of the invention
  • figure 4 is a flowchart of a method according to an exemplifying and non-limiting embodiment of the invention for controlling an electric power plant.
  • Figure 1 illustrates a power converter 101 according to an exemplifying and non- limiting embodiment of the invention.
  • the power converter 101 is capable of operating in a first operational mode where the power converter 101 transfers energy from a direct voltage energy storage 1 13 to an alternating voltage power grid 1 15, and in a second operational mode where the power converter 101 transfers energy from a direct voltage energy source 1 14 to the direct voltage energy storage 1 13.
  • the direct voltage energy storage 1 13 is a battery system and the direct voltage energy source 1 14 is a photovoltaic panel.
  • the power converter 101 comprises an inverter-bridge 102 that comprises first direct voltage poles 103a and 103b and alternating voltage poles 104a, 104b, and 104c.
  • the inverter-bridge 102 is a three- phase inverter-bridge that comprises a controllable switch 1 1 1 a between the alternating voltage pole 104a and the direct voltage pole 103b, a controllable switch 1 1 1 b between the alternating voltage pole 104b and the direct voltage pole 103b, a controllable switch 1 1 1 1 c between the alternating voltage pole 104c and the direct voltage pole 103b, a controllable switch 1 12a between the alternating voltage pole 104a and the direct voltage pole 103a, a controllable switch 1 12b between the alternating voltage pole 104b and the direct voltage pole 103a, and a controllable switch 1 12c between the alternating voltage pole 104c and the direct voltage pole 103a.
  • an inverter-bridge of a power converter has less than three phases or more than three phases.
  • the controllable switches 1 1 1 1 a-1 1 1 c and 1 12a-1 12c can be for example insulated gate bipolar transistors "IGBT”, gate turn-off thyristors "GTO", metal oxide semiconductor field-effect transistors "MOSFET”, or bipolar transistors.
  • the power converter 101 comprises a network filter 105 for connecting the alternating voltage poles 104a, 104b, and 104c to the alternating voltage power grid 1 15.
  • the network filter 105 is an inductor-capacitor- inductor "LCL" filter for suppressing harmonics of alternating electric currents supplied to the alternating voltage power grid 1 15.
  • a network filter of a power converter according to another embodiment of the invention comprises only a serial inductor in each phase.
  • the power converter 101 comprises a controller 106 for controlling, in the first operating mode of the power converter, the inverter-bridge 102 to transfer energy from the first direct voltage poles 103a and 103b to the alternating voltage poles 104a, 104b, and 104c so as to transfer energy from the direct voltage energy storage 1 13 to the alternating voltage power grid 1 15.
  • the power converter 101 further comprises second direct voltage poles 107a and 107b.
  • the direct voltage poles 107a and 107b are connected to the direct voltage energy source 1 14.
  • the power converter 101 comprises a contactor 108 for arranging, in the second operating mode of the power converter, electric current paths from the direct voltage pole 107a to each of the alternating voltage poles 104a, 104b, and 104c, and from the direct voltage pole 103b to the direct voltage pole 107b.
  • the electric current paths from the direct voltage pole 107a to each of the alternating voltage poles 104a, 104b, and 104c comprise inductive components 109a, 109b, 109c and 1 10.
  • the inductive components 109a, 109b, and 109c are components of the network filter 105.
  • the controller 106 is configured to control, in the second operating mode, the controllable switches 1 1 1 a, 1 1 1 b, and 1 1 1 c to be alternately conductive and non- conductive so as to alternately charge energy to the inductive components 109a, 109b, 109c, and 1 10 from the direct voltage energy source 1 14 and discharge the energy from these inductive components to the direct voltage energy storage 1 13 via diodes of the controllable switches 1 12a, 1 12b, and 1 12c. Therefore, the inverter-bridge 102 is used, in the second operating mode, as a voltage-increasing direct voltage converter, i.e.
  • the controller 106 is configured to operate the controllable switches 1 1 1 a, 1 1 1 b, and 1 1 1 c in a phase-shifted way so as to reduce ripple of the direct current supplied to the direct voltage energy storage 1 13.
  • the direct voltage pole 107a having a positive polarity is connected to the alternating voltage poles 104a, 104b, and 104c and the direct voltage poles 103b and 107b having a negative polarity are connected to each other, and the controllable switches 1 1 1 a-1 1 1 c are controlled to be alternately conductive and non-conductive.
  • the direct voltage pole 107b having a negative polarity is connected to the alternating voltage poles 104a, 104b, and 104c and the direct voltage poles 103a and 107a having a positive polarity are connected to each other, and the controllable switches 1 12a-1 12c are controlled to be alternately conductive and non-conductive.
  • the inductive component 1 10 is not necessary in cases where the inductive components 109a, 109b, 109c have sufficient inductances. The required inductance depends on switching frequency of the controllable switches.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates a power converter 201 according to an exemplifying and non- limiting embodiment of the invention.
  • the power converter 201 is capable of operating in a first operational mode where the power converter 201 transfers energy from a direct voltage energy storage 213 to an alternating voltage power grid 215, and in a second operational mode where the power converter 201 transfers energy from a direct voltage energy source 214 to the direct voltage energy storage 213.
  • the power converter 201 comprises an inverter-bridge 202 that comprises first direct voltage poles 203a and 203b, alternating voltage poles 204a, 204b, and 204c, and controllable switches 21 1 a, 21 1 b, 21 1 c, 212a, 212b, 212c.
  • the power converter 201 comprises a network filter 205 for connecting the alternating voltage poles 204a, 204b, and 204c to the alternating voltage power grid 215.
  • the power converter 201 comprises a controller 206 for controlling, in the first operating mode of the power converter, the inverter-bridge 202 to transfer energy from the first direct voltage poles 203a and 203b to the alternating voltage poles 204a, 204b, and 204c so as to transfer energy from the direct voltage energy storage 213 to the alternating voltage power grid 215.
  • the power converter 201 further comprises second direct voltage poles 207a and 207b.
  • the power converter 201 comprises a contactor 208 for arranging, in the second operating mode of the power converter, electric current paths from the direct voltage pole 207a to the alternating voltage pole 204c, and from the direct voltage pole 203b to the direct voltage pole 207b.
  • the electric current path from the direct voltage pole 207a to the alternating voltage pole 204c comprises an inductive component 209c.
  • the inductive component 209c is one of inductive components of the network filter 205.
  • the controller 206 is configured to control, in the second operating mode, the controllable switch 21 1 c to be alternately conductive and non-conductive so as to alternately charge energy to the inductive component 209c from the direct voltage energy source 214 and discharge the energy from this inductive component to the direct voltage energy storage 213 via a diode of the controllable switch 212c. Therefore, one branch of the inverter-bridge 202 is used, in the second operating mode, as a voltage-increasing direct voltage converter, i.e. as a boost converter where VDCI > VDC2, for charging the direct voltage energy storage 213 from the direct voltage energy source 214.
  • the implementation of the controller 106 shown in figure 1 can be based on one or more processor circuits, each of which can be a programmable processor circuit provided with appropriate software, a dedicated hardware processor such as for example an application specific integrated circuit "ASIC", or a configurable hardware processor such as for example a field programmable gate array "FPGA”.
  • the controller 106 as well as the controller 206 may comprise one or more memory devices such as e.g. random-access memory "RAM" circuits.
  • controllable switches can be operated in the above-described way so as to alternately charge energy to at least one inductive component and discharge the energy from the at least one inductive component so that a direct voltage energy storage is charged from a direct voltage energy source.
  • FIG. 3a illustrates an electric power plant according to an exemplifying and non- limiting embodiment of the invention.
  • the electric power plant comprises direct voltage energy sources 314a and 314b and a direct voltage energy storage 313.
  • the direct voltage energy sources 314a and 314b comprise photovoltaic panels and the direct voltage energy storage 313 comprise a battery system.
  • the electric power plant comprises first power converters 316a and 316b for transferring electric energy from the direct voltage energy sources 314a and 314b to an alternating voltage power grid 315.
  • each of the power converters 316a and 316b comprises a serial inductance which is connected to a common capacitor-inductor "CL" element 317 so as to constitute a LCL-filter for each of the power converters 316a and 316b.
  • the electric power plant comprises a second power converter 301 a according to an exemplifying and non-limiting embodiment of the invention.
  • the power converter 301 a is capable of operating in a first operational mode where the power converter 301 a transfers energy from the direct voltage energy storage 313 to the alternating voltage power grid 315, and in a second operational mode where the power converter 301 a transfers energy from the direct voltage energy source 314b to the direct voltage energy storage 313.
  • first direct voltage poles 303 of the power converter 301 a are connected to the direct voltage energy storage 313 and second direct voltage poles 307 of the second power converter are connected to the direct voltage energy source 314b.
  • the second power converter 301 a can operate as a voltage increasing direct "DC" voltage converter, i.e. as a boost DC-DC converter, for charging the direct voltage energy storage 313 from the direct voltage energy source 314b and/or 314a.
  • the direct voltage energy storage 313 can be charged using the DC-DC conversion only when the DC-voltage of the direct voltage energy source 314b and/or 314a is lower than the DC-voltage of the direct voltage energy storage 313.
  • the direct voltage energy storage 313 can be charged so that the DC-voltage of the direct voltage energy source 314b and/or 314a is first converted into alternating "AC" voltage with the power converter 316b and/or 316a and then the AC-voltage is converted to DC-voltage suitable for the direct voltage energy storage 313 with the power converter 301 a, i.e.
  • a situation where the DC-voltage of the direct voltage energy source 314b and/or 314a is higher than the DC-voltage of the direct voltage energy storage 313 may take place for example when output power of the direct voltage energy source 314b and/or 314a, e.g. photovoltaic panels, is limited by increasing their voltage.
  • FIG. 3b illustrates an electric power plant according to an exemplifying and non- limiting embodiment of the invention.
  • the electric power plant comprises first power converters 326a and 326b for transferring electric energy from the direct voltage energy sources 314a and 314b to the alternating voltage power grid 315.
  • the electric power plant comprises a second power converter 301 b according to an exemplifying and non-limiting embodiment of the invention.
  • each of the power converters 326b, 326b and 301 b comprises a serial inductance which is connected to a common capacitor-inductor "CL" element 327 so as to constitute a LCL-filter for each of the power converters 326b, 326b and 301 b.
  • the power converter 301 b is capable of operating in a first operational mode where the power converter 301 b transfers energy from the direct voltage energy storage 313 to the alternating voltage power grid 315, and in a second operational mode where the power converter 301 b transfers energy from the direct voltage energy source 314b to the direct voltage energy storage 313.
  • First direct voltage poles 303 of the power converter 301 a are connected to the direct voltage energy storage 313, and second direct voltage poles 307 of the second power converter are connected to the direct voltage energy source 314b.
  • the electric power plant further comprises a contactor 318 which the aid of which the direct voltage energy source 314b can be directly connected to the direct voltage energy storage 313.
  • FIG. 3c illustrates an electric power plant according to an exemplifying and non- limiting embodiment of the invention.
  • the electric power plant comprises first power converters 336a and 336b for transferring electric energy from the direct voltage energy sources 314a and 314b to the alternating voltage power grid 315.
  • the electric power plant comprises a second power converter 301 c according to an exemplifying and non-limiting embodiment of the invention.
  • each of the power converters 336b, 336b and 301 b comprises an own inductor-capacitor-inductor "LCL" filter for connecting to the alternating voltage power grid 315 via a transformer.
  • LCL inductor-capacitor-inductor
  • the power converter 301 c is capable of operating in a first operational mode where the power converter 301 c transfers energy from the direct voltage energy storage 313 to the alternating voltage power grid 315, and in a second operational mode where the power converter 301 c transfers energy from the direct voltage energy source 314b to the direct voltage energy storage 313.
  • First direct voltage poles 303 of the power converter 301 a are connected to the direct voltage energy storage 313, and second direct voltage poles 307 of the second power converter are connected to the direct voltage energy source 314b.
  • the electric power plant further comprises a contactor 318 which the aid of which the direct voltage energy source 314b can be directly connected to the direct voltage energy storage 313.
  • the direct voltage energy storage 313 can be discharged with the aid of the power converter 301 c capable of transferring energy from the direct voltage energy storage 313 to the alternating voltage power grid 315.
  • the discharging of the direct voltage energy storage 313 can be done together with the power converter 336b and/or 336a by closing the contactor 318. Adding one or both of the power converters 336b and 336a for the discharging of the direct voltage energy storage 313 will increase the discharging power capacity.
  • the contactor 318 also enables the power converter 301 c to be used for transferring energy from the the direct voltage energy source 314b and/or 314a to the alternating voltage power grid 315 when a contactor 308 is open and contactors 305 and 355 are closed. This will increase system versatility and redundancy.
  • Figure 4 is a flowchart of a method according to an exemplifying and non-limiting embodiment of the invention for controlling an electric power plant that comprises:
  • the method comprises, in a first operational mode of the electric power plant:
  • - action 401 controlling the second power converter to transfer electric energy from the direct voltage energy storage to the alternating voltage power grid.
  • the method comprises in a second operating mode of the electric power plant:
  • - action 402 controlling a contactor to arrange electric current paths from a first direct voltage pole of the direct voltage energy source to one or more alternating voltage poles of the second power converter and from a direct voltage pole of the second power converter to a second direct voltage pole of the direct voltage energy source so that at least one of the electric current paths comprises at least one inductive component
  • - action 403 controlling each of one or more controllable switches between each of the one or more alternating voltage poles of the second power converter and the direct voltage pole of the second power converter to be alternately conductive and non-conductive so as to alternately charge energy to the at least one inductive component from the direct voltage energy source and discharge the energy from the at least one inductive component to the direct voltage energy storage.
  • the above-mentioned second operating mode is applicable in cases where the voltage of the direct voltage energy storage is higher than the voltage of the direct voltage energy source.
  • the above-mentioned electric current path from the first direct voltage pole of the direct voltage energy source is arranged to extend to two or more of the alternating voltage poles of the second power converter.
  • the controllable switches are controlled in a phase-shifted way so as to reduce ripple of direct current supplied to the direct voltage energy storage in the second operating mode.
  • a computer program according to an exemplifying and non-limiting embodiment of the invention comprises computer executable instructions for controlling a programmable processing system to carry out actions related to a method according to any of the above-described exemplifying and non-limiting embodiments of the invention.
  • a computer program comprises software modules for controlling an electric power plant of the kind described above.
  • the software modules comprise computer executable instructions for controlling a programmable processing system to:
  • - control in a first operating mode of the electric power plant, a power converter to transfer electric energy from a direct voltage energy storage to an alternating voltage power grid
  • - control in a second operating mode of the electric power plant, a contactor to arrange electric current paths from a first direct voltage pole of a direct voltage energy source to one or more alternating voltage poles of the power converter and from a direct voltage pole of the power converter to a second direct voltage pole of the direct voltage energy source so that at least one of the electric current paths comprises at least one inductive component
  • each of one or more controllable switches in the second operating mode, each of one or more controllable switches between each of the one or more alternating voltage poles of the power converter and the direct voltage pole of the power converter to be alternately conductive and non-conductive so as to alternately charge energy to the at least one inductive component from the direct voltage energy source and discharge the energy from the at least one inductive component to the direct voltage energy storage.
  • the software modules can be for example subroutines or functions implemented with programming tools suitable for the programmable processing system.
  • a signal according to an exemplifying and non-limiting embodiment of the invention is encoded to carry information defining a computer program according to an exemplifying embodiment of invention.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

Un convertisseur de puissance (101) pour une centrale électrique comprend un pont onduleur (102), un filtre de réseau (105) pour connecter le pont onduleur à un réseau électrique à tension alternative, et un dispositif de commande (106) pour commander, dans un premier mode de fonctionnement, le pont onduleur pour transférer de l'énergie d'un dispositif de stockage d'énergie à tension continue (113) au réseau électrique à tension alternative. Dans un second mode de fonctionnement, le pont onduleur est utilisé comme convertisseur de tension continue pour transférer de l'énergie à partir d'une source d'énergie à tension continue (114), telle qu'un panneau photovoltaïque, vers le stockage d'énergie à tension continue. Ainsi, le même pont onduleur peut être utilisé comme onduleur pour fournir de l'énergie au réseau électrique à tension alternative ainsi que comme convertisseur de tension continue pour charger le stockage d'énergie à tension continue.
PCT/FI2017/050771 2017-11-09 2017-11-09 Convertisseur de puissance, centrale électrique et procédé de commande d'une centrale électrique WO2019092305A1 (fr)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3893374A1 (fr) * 2020-04-07 2021-10-13 GE Energy Power Conversion Technology Ltd Systèmes de convertisseur de puissance avec stockage d'énergie intégré
US12003193B2 (en) 2020-01-15 2024-06-04 Solaredge Technologies Ltd. Coupled inductors inverter topology

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2512000A2 (fr) * 2011-04-15 2012-10-17 ABB Research Ltd. Systèmes et convertisseurs de puissance reconfigurable
US20150295513A1 (en) * 2014-04-14 2015-10-15 Tmeic Corporation Hybrid Power Converter for Renewable Energy Power Plant
US20160111971A1 (en) * 2014-10-21 2016-04-21 Toshiba International Corporation Multi-mode energy router

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2512000A2 (fr) * 2011-04-15 2012-10-17 ABB Research Ltd. Systèmes et convertisseurs de puissance reconfigurable
US20150295513A1 (en) * 2014-04-14 2015-10-15 Tmeic Corporation Hybrid Power Converter for Renewable Energy Power Plant
US20160111971A1 (en) * 2014-10-21 2016-04-21 Toshiba International Corporation Multi-mode energy router

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US12003193B2 (en) 2020-01-15 2024-06-04 Solaredge Technologies Ltd. Coupled inductors inverter topology
EP3893374A1 (fr) * 2020-04-07 2021-10-13 GE Energy Power Conversion Technology Ltd Systèmes de convertisseur de puissance avec stockage d'énergie intégré

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