WO2019068810A1 - Use of compositions comprising fluopyram for enhancing antioxidative fitness of plants - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the use of succinate dehydrogenase SDH inhibitors (SDHIs), in particular fluopyram for enhancing antioxidative fitness of plants, to a method for treating plants or plant parts for enhancing antioxidative fitness of plants and to a method for enhancing antioxidative fitness of plants, by treating them with SDHIs.

Description

Use of compositions comprising Fluopyram for enhancing antioxidative fitness of plants

The invention relates to the use of compositions comprising a fungicide selected from the group of succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors, in particular Fluopyram for enhancing antioxidative fitness of plants, in particular flowers, fruit bodies and fruits, to a method for treating fruits for enhancing antioxidative fitness and to a method for enhancing antioxidative fitness of plants and plant parts, in particular flowers, fruit bodies and fruits by treating them with compositions comprising a fungicide selected from the group of succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors, in particular Fluopyram.

Background

The ripening of fruit is a complex biochemical process defined by different physiological and biochemical processes such as softening, colour development and sugar accumulation which are induced by different hormonal signals such as ethylene. Fruit in general can be distinguished into climacteric and non-climacteric fruit. Climacteric fruit are able to further ripen post-harvest by an autocatalytic increase in endogeneous ethylene biosynthesis and respiration leading to remodelling and softening of the cell wall and further increase in primary metabolism (eg sugars) and secondary metabolism (eg anthocyanins, aroma volatiles). Non-climacteric fruit are only able to ripen while still on the parent plant. If those fruit are detached, they will only produce basic levels of ethylene and show a decline in respiration. However, there are indications that this distinction might need some revision as eg also effects in respiration have been demonstrated for non-climacteric fruit like strawberries (Vicente et al, Postharvest Biology and Technology Volume 40, Issue 2, May 2006, Pages 116-122). In some fruit such as sweet cheeries an increase in fruit respiration is observed which might lead to the release of an oxidative burst and the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as H2O2, O2-. Such processes might affect cell wall integrity and inactivation of key cellular functions. Typically a plant would react by generating antioxidative agents such as phenolic compounds (eg carotenoids), ascorbic acid, to scavange or prevent the generation of reactive oxygen species (see eg Gil et al., J. Agric. Food Chem. (2002), 50, 4976-4982). Still there is a risk for cellular damage which might contribute together with adverse climatic conditions to unwanted effects like fruit cracking, wooliness in nectarines, chilling damage in citrus, apple and pear and a higher risk of infection of fruit with fungal pathogens thereby leading to less marketable fruit. There has been academic research on certain compounds having an influence on postharvest effects on fruit quality in peach using salicylic acid (Tareen et al, Scientia Horticulturae (2012), 142, pp 221-228). Therefore there is a strong interest to find measures for enhancing antioxidative fitness in plants, in particular in flowers, fruit bodies, and fruit both for climacteric and non-climacteric fruit.

Succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors (SDHI) are active ingredients which inhibit fungal succinate dehydrogenase, a crucial enzyme of the respiration chain. There are different classes of SDHI, several commercial products sold as fungicides contain SDHIs. Fluopyram refers to a compo

also known as A^-{2-[3-chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridyl]ethyl} -a,a,a-trifluoro-ortho-toluamide or N- [2-[3-chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridinyl]ethyl]-2-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide. Fluopyram is widely known as a fungicide, belonging to the group of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) inhibitors. WO 2004/016088 discloses derivatives of the pyridinylethylbenzamide fungicides, for example fluopyram against different phytopathogenic fungi. Fluopyram is further described being active in extending shelf life of fruit and vegetables (WO 2010/091803).

However, it is not apparent from the teaching of the publications that Fluopyram is highly efficient for enhancing antioxidative fitness of plants.

Invention

It has now been found that compositions comprising a fungicide selected from the group of succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors, in particular Fluopyram are outstandingly suitable for enhancing antioxidative fitness of plants, in particular in flowers, fruit bodies, and fruit.

In one embodiment the use of compositions comprising a fungicide selected from the group of succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors, in particular Fluopyram for enhancing antioxidative fitness of plants, in particular in flowers, fruit bodies, and fruit is described.

In one embodiment a method for treating plants or plant parts for enhancing antioxidative fitness of plants, in particular in flowers, fruit bodies, and fruit by treating them with a composition comprising a fungicide selected from the group of succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors, in particular Fluopyram.

Definitions

Growth stages

Ripening of fruit is defined by different physiological and biochemical processes such as softening, colour development and sugar accumulation which are induced by different hormonal signals such as ethylene. The ripening of fruit refers to the following BBCH stages rincipal growth stage 7: Development of fruit; Principal growth stage 8: Ripening or maturity of fruit and seed; Principal growth stage 9: Senescence, beginning of dormancy. embodiment plants refer to plants from BBCH stage 51 till 97, preferably from BBCH stage 60 ill 89, most preferred BCH stage 70 till 89 according to the BBCH monograph from the German Federal Biological Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, 2nd edition, 2001.

In the context of the present invention, "for enhancing antioxidative fitness of plants" means a significant prevention of oxidative damage in plants compared with the untreated plant, preferably a significant prevention of oxidative damage (by 15-25 %), compared with the untreated plant, more preferably a reduction (by 20-35 %), compared with the untreated plant; even more preferably, the oxidative damage is significantly reduced (by at least 30%). Already a reduction of oxidative damage by 10% represents a significant increase in marketable fruit for a grower. Oxidative damage is measured using different methods for example determination of H2O2, malondialdehyde, activity of total peroxidase, superoxide dismutase (see methods used in Gine-Bordonaba et al., Plant Phys Biochem (2017), 111, pp 216 - 225).

Oxidative damage in fruit refers to changes in several physiological and biochemical parameters like accumulation of ROS, increase in lipid peroxidation products, enhanced membrane leakage, accumulation of brown pigments. Oxidative stress will impact marketability of fruits as oxidative stress will cause damage to fruit which might in addition lead to further susceptilibity of the fruit towards disease.

Antioxidative fitness relates to changes in antioxidant components (eg ) and antioxidant enzyme systems (eg heat shock proteins, reactive oxygen species scavengers like ascorbic acid/ascorbate, gluthatione, phenolic compounds such as carotinoids, polyphenols) which will allow the fruit to cope or mitigate at least some of the negative effects of oxidative stress. Methods to determine antioxidative fitness include determination of total peroxidase activity, polyphenol oxidase activity, superoxide dismutase activity, and catalase (Gine-Bordonaba et al., Plant Phys Biochem (2017), 111, pp 216 - 225).

Further methods for measuring the enhancement of antioxidative fitness of plants include the determination of cell wall-modifying enzyme activities like pectin methyl esterase, polygalacturonase, the determination of ethylene production including measurements of 1-aminocyclopropane-l-carboxylic acid oxidase (ACO) activity (a key enzyme in ethylene production), determination of malate and sugar contents in fruits (Gine-Bordonaba et al., Plant Phys Biochem (2017), 111, pp 216 - 225).

It is also possible to measure enhancement of antioxidative fitness of plants by measuring fruit quality parameters such as skin color, flesh firmness, flesh browning, wooliness, total sugar content, soluble solids, titrable acidity, pH-value (see Gil et al., J. Agric. Food Chem. (2002), 50, 4976-4982).

Wooliness refers to a physiological disorder in stone fruit, where the flesh of stored fruit at temperature between 2 and 8 degree Celsius becomes dry and mealy, therefore making those fruit unmarketable. Flesh browning refers to a physiological disorder in stone fruit, where the flesh of stored fruits at temperature between about 2 and 8 degree Celsius becomes brownish and also losing juiciness, therefore making those fruit unmarketable.

Plants are understood here to mean all plants and plant populations, such as desired and undesired wild plants or crop plants (including naturally occurring crop plants). Crop plants may be plants which can be obtained by conventional breeding and optimization methods or by biotechnological and genetic engineering methods or combinations of these methods, including the transgenic plants and including the plant varieties which are protectable and non-protectable by plant breeders' rights.

The term "plant parts" are to be understood as meaning all above-ground and below-ground parts and organs of plants, such as shoot, leaf, flower and root, by way of example ears, leaves, needles, stalks, stems, trunks, flowers, fruit bodies, fruit, seed (including seeds of transgenic plants), seedlings, root- stocks, grafts and cuttings, and also roots, and rhizomes. The plant parts also include harvested material and also vegetative and generative propagation material, for example root-stocks, cuttings, grafts, rhizomes, slips and seedlings. Preferred plant parts are fruit, fruit bodies, flowers, very preferred are fruit and fruit bodies, particularly preferred fruit.

In one embodiment fruit are selected from the group comprising of pome fruit like apples, pears, quinces; stone fruits like apricots, avocados, cherries, mangoes, nectarines, peaches, plums; citrus fruits like limes, lemons, mandarins, oranges, satsumas, berries like blueberries, blackberries, raspberry, strawberries; bananas, cucumbers, figs, grapes, kiwis, papayas, passion fruit, pineapple, tomatoes.

In another embodiment fruit are selected from the group comprising of apples, pears, quinces; apricots, avocados, cherries, mangoes, nectarines, peaches, plums; limes, lemons, mandarins, oranges, satsumas, blueberries, blackberries, raspberry, strawberries; bananas, cucumbers, figs, grapes, kiwis, papayas, passion fruit, pineapple, tomatoes. In one embodiment fruit are selected from the group comprising of pome fruit like apples, pears, quinces; stone fruits like apricots, avocados, cherries, mangoes, nectarines, peaches, plums; citrus fruits like limes, lemons, mandarins, oranges, satsumas.

In another embodiment fruit are selected from the group comprising of apples, pears, apricots, cherries, mangoes, nectarines, peaches, plums, limes, lemons, mandarins, oranges, satsumas. Succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors (SDHI) are active ingredients which inhibit fungal succinate dehydrogenase, a crucial enzyme of the respiration chain. In one embodiment the SDHIs are selected from the group comprising of benzovindiflupyr (1072957- 71-1), bixafen (581809-46-3), boscalid (188425-85-6), fluindapyr (1383809-87-7), fluopyram (658066-35-4), (2.8) fluxapyroxad (907204-31-3), isofetamid (875915-78-9), isoflucypram (1255734- 28-1), isopyrazam (mixture of syn-epimeric racemate 1RS,4SR,9RS and anti-epimeric racemate 1RS,4SR,9SR) (881685-58-1), isopyrazam (anti-epimeric racemate 1RS,4SR,9SR), isopyrazam (anti- epimeric enantiomer 1R,4S,9S), isopyrazam (anti-epimeric enantiomer 1S,4R,9R), isopyrazam (syn epimeric racemate 1RS,4SR,9RS), isopyrazam (syn-epimeric enantiomer 1R,4S,9R), isopyrazam (syn- epimeric enantiomer 1 S,4R,9S), penthiopyrad (183675-82-3), pydiflumetofen (1228284-64-7).

The Cas-No are provided in brackets.

In one embodiment the SDHIs are selected from the group consisting of benzovindiflupyr (1072957-71- 1), bixafen (581809-46-3), boscalid (188425-85-6), fluindapyr (1383809-87-7), fluopyram (658066- 35-4), (2.8) fluxapyroxad (907204-31-3), isofetamid (875915-78-9), isoflucypram (1255734-28-1), isopyrazam (mixture of syn-epimeric racemate 1RS,4SR,9RS and anti-epimeric racemate 1RS,4SR,9SR) (881685-58-1), isopyrazam (anti-epimeric racemate 1RS,4SR,9SR), isopyrazam (anti- epimeric enantiomer 1R,4S,9S), isopyrazam (anti-epimeric enantiomer 1S,4R,9R), isopyrazam (syn epimeric racemate 1RS,4SR,9RS), isopyrazam (syn-epimeric enantiomer 1R,4S,9R), isopyrazam (syn- epimeric enantiomer 1 S,4R,9S), penthiopyrad (183675-82-3), pydiflumetofen (1228284-64-7).

In one embodiment the SDHIs are selected from the group consisting of benzovindiflupyr (1072957-71- 1), bixafen (581809-46-3), boscalid (188425-85-6), fluopyram (658066-35-4), (2.8) fluxapyroxad (907204-31-3), isoflucypram (1255734-28-1), isopyrazam (mixture of syn-epimeric racemate 1RS,4SR,9RS and anti-epimeric racemate 1RS,4SR,9SR) (881685-58-1), isopyrazam (anti-epimeric racemate 1RS,4SR,9SR), isopyrazam (anti-epimeric enantiomer 1R,4S,9S), isopyrazam (anti-epimeric enantiomer 1S,4R,9R), isopyrazam (syn epimeric racemate 1RS,4SR,9RS), isopyrazam (syn-epimeric enantiomer 1R,4S,9R), isopyrazam (syn-epimeric enantiomer 1 S,4R,9S), penthiopyrad (183675-82-3), pydiflumetofen (1228284-64-7).

In one embodiment the SDHIs are selected from the group consisting of benzovindiflupyr (1072957-71- 1), bixafen (581809-46-3), boscalid (188425-85-6), fluopyram (658066-35-4), (2.8) fluxapyroxad (907204-31-3), isoflucypram (1255734-28-1), penthiopyrad (183675-82-3), pydiflumetofen (1228284- 64-7).

In one embodiment fluopyram is preferred.

Detailed Description

In one embodiment the use of compositions for enhancing antioxidative fitness of plants comprising a fungicide selected from the group of succinate dehydrogenase is described on plants, in particular fruit, fruit bodies and flowers at BBCH stage from BBCH stage 51 till 97, preferably from BBCH stage 60 till 89, most preferred BCH stage 70 till 89.

In one embodiment the use of compositions for enhancing antioxidative fitness of plants comprising Fluopyram is described on fruits at BBCH stage between 51 and 97. In one embodiment the use of compositions for enhancing antioxidative fitness of plants comprising Fluopyram is described on fruits at BBCH stage between 60 and 89.

In one embodiment the use of compositions for enhancing antioxidative fitness of plants comprising Fluopyram is described on fruits at BBCH stage between 70 and 89.

Compositions comprising a fungicide selected from the group of succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors, in particular Fluopyram may be present in their commercially available formulations and in the use forms, prepared from these formulations, as a mixture with other active ingredients, such as insecticides, attractants, sterilants, bactericides, acaricides, nematicides, fungicides, growth regulators, herbicides, safeners, fertilizers, biological control agents, resistance enhancers, plant growth promoters, plant hormones or semiochemicals. Compositions comprising Fluopyram may be present in their commercially available formulations and in the use forms, prepared from these formulations, as a mixture with other active ingredients, such as insecticides, attractants, sterilants, bactericides, acaricides, nematicides, fungicides, growth regulators, herbicides, safeners, fertilizers, biological control agents, resistance enhancers or semiochemicals.

In addition, the described positive effect of compositions comprising Fluopyram on enhancing antioxidative fitness of plants can be promoted by an additional treatment with insecticidal, fungicidal or bactericidal active ingredients, resistance enhancers and biological control agents.

Combinations of compositions comprising Fluopyram with substances including insecticides, fungicides, resistance enhancers and bactericides, fertilizers, growth regulators and biological control agents, can likewise find use for enhancing antioxidative fitness of plants. Furthermore compositions comprising Fluopyram may comprise one or more additional fungicides which may be selected from the group consisting of:

(1) Inhibitors of the ergosterol biosynthesis, for example (1.1) aldimorph (1704-28-5), (1.2) azaconazole (60207-31-0), (1.3) bitertanol (55179-31-2), (1.4) bromuconazole (116255-48-2), (1.5) cyproconazole (113096-99-4), (1.6) diclobutrazole (75736-33-3), (1.7) difenoconazole (119446-68-3), (1.8) diniconazole (83657-24-3), (1.9) diniconazole-M (83657-18-5), (1.10) dodemorph (1593-77-7), (1.11) dodemorph acetate (31717-87-0), (1.12) epoxiconazole (106325-08-0), (1.13) etaconazole (60207-93-4), (1.14) fenarimol (60168-88-9), (1.15) fenbuconazole (1 14369-43-6), (1.16) fenhexamid (126833-17-8), (1.17) fenpropidin (67306-00-7), (1.18) fenpropimorph (67306-03-0), (1.19) fluquinconazole (136426- 54-5), (1.20) flurprimidol (56425-91-3), (1.21) flusilazole (85509-19-9), (1.22) flutriafol (76674-21-0), (1.23) furconazole (112839-33-5), (1.24) furconazole-cis (112839-32-4), (1.25) hexaconazole (79983- 71-4), (1.26) imazalil (60534-80-7), (1.27) imazalil sulfate (58594-72-2), (1.28) imibenconazole (86598- 92-7), (1.29) ipconazole (125225-28-7), (1.30) metconazole (125116-23-6), (1.31) myclobutanil (88671- 89-0), (1.32) naftifine (65472-88-0), (1.33) nuarimol (63284-71-9), (1.34) oxpoconazole (174212-12-5), (1.35) paclobutrazol (76738-62-0), (1.36) pefurazoate (101903-30-4), (1.37) penconazole (66246-88-6), (1.38) piperalin (3478-94-2), (1.39) prochloraz (67747-09-5), (1.40) propiconazole (60207-90-1), (1.41) prothioconazole (178928-70-6), (1.42) pyributicarb (88678-67-5), (1.43) pyrifenox (88283-41-4), (1.44) quinconazole (103970-75-8), (1.45) simeconazole (149508-90-7), (1.46) spiroxamine (118134-30-8), (1.47) tebuconazole (107534-96-3), (1.48) terbinafine (91161-71-6), (1.49) tetraconazole (112281-77-3), (1.50) triadimefon (43121-43-3), (1.51) triadimenol (89482-17-7), (1.52) tridemorph (81412-43-3), (1.53) triflumizole (68694-11-1), (1.54) triforine (26644-46-2), (1.55) triticonazole (131983-72-7), (1.56) uniconazole (83657-22-1), (1.57) uniconazole-p (83657-17-4), (1.58) viniconazole (77174-66-4), (1.59) voriconazole (137234-62-9), (1.60) l-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-(lH-l,2,4-triazol-l-yl)cycloheptanol (129586-32-9), (1.61) methyl l-(2,2-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-lH-inden-l-yl)-lH-imidazole-5-carboxylate (110323-95-0), (1.62) N'- {5-(difluoromethyl)-2-methyl-4-[3-(trimetliylsilyl)propoxy]phenyl}-N-ethyl- N-methylimidoformamide, (1.63) N-ethyl-N-methyl-N'- {2-methyl-5-(trifluoromethyl)-4-[3- (trimethylsilyl)propoxy]phenyl}imidoformamide and (1-64) 0-[l-(4-methoxyphenoxy)-3,3- dimethylbutan-2-yl] lH-imidazole-l-carbothioate (111226-71-2).

(2) inhibitors of the respiratory chain at complex I or II, for example (2.1) bixafen (581809-46-3), (2.2) boscalid (188425-85-6), (2.3) carboxin (5234-68-4), (2.4) diflumetorim (130339-07-0), (2.5) fenfuram (24691-80-3), (2.6) fluopyram (658066-35-4), (2.7) flutolanil (66332-96-5), (2.8) fluxapyroxad (907204-31-3), (2.9) furametpyr (123572-88-3), (2.10) turmecyclox (60568-05-0), (2.11) isopyrazam (mixture of syn-epimeric racemate 1RS,4SR,9RS and anti-epimeric racemate 1RS,4SR,9SR) (881685- 58-1), (2.12) isopyrazam (anti-epimeric racemate 1RS,4SR,9SR), (2.13) isopyrazam (anti-epimeric enantiomer 1R,4S,9S), (2.14) isopyrazam (anti-epimeric enantiomer 1S,4R,9R), (2.15) isopyrazam (syn epimeric racemate 1RS,4SR,9RS), (2.16) isopyrazam (syn-epimeric enantiomer 1R,4S,9R), (2.17) isopyrazam (syn-epimeric enantiomer 1S,4R,9S), (2.18) mepronil (55814-41-0), (2.19) oxycarboxin (5259-88-1), (2.20) penflufen (494793-67-8), (2.21) penthiopyrad (183675-82-3), (2.22) sedaxane (874967-67-6), (2.23) thifluzamide (130000-40-7), (2.24) l-methyl-N-[2-(l ,l,2,2- tetrafluoroethoxy)phenyl]-3-(trifluoromethyl)-lH-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.25) 3-(difluoromethyl)-l- methyl-N-[2-(l,l,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)phenyl]-lH-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.26) 3-(difluoromethyl)- N-[4-fluoro-2-(l, 1,2,3,3, 3 -hexafluoropropoxy)phenyl]-l -methyl- lH-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.27) N- [ 1 -(2,4-dichlorophenyl)- 1 -methoxypropan-2-yl] -3 -(difluoromethyl)- 1 -methyl- 1 H-pyrazole-4- carboxamide (1092400-95-7) (WO 2008148570), (2.28) 5,8-difluoro-N-[2-(2-fluoro-4- {[4- (trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]oxy}phenyl)ethyl]quinazolin-4-amine (1210070-84-0) (WO2010025451), (2.29) N-[9-(dichloromethylene)-l,2,3,4-tetrahydro-l,4-methanonaphthalen-5-yl]-3-(difluorome methyl- lH-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.30) N-[(lS,4R)-9-(dichloromethylene)- 1,2, 3, 4-tetrahydro- 1,4- methanonaphthalen-5-yl]-3-(difluorometliyl)-l-methyl-lH-pyrazole-4-carboxamide and (2.31) N- [( 1 R,4S)-9-(dichloromethylene)- 1 ,2,3 , 4-tetrahydro- 1 ,4-methanonaphthalen-5-yl]-3 -(difluoromethyl)- 1 - methyl- 1 H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide.

(3) inhibitors of the respiratory chain at complex III, for example (3.1) ametoctradin (865318-97-4), (3.2) amisulbrom (348635-87-0), (3.3) azoxystrobin (131860-33-8), (3.4) cyazofamid (120116-88-3), (3.5) coumethoxystrobin (850881-30-0), (3.6) coumoxystrobin (850881-70-8), (3.7) dimoxystrobin (141600-52-4), (3.8) enestroburin (238410-11-2) (WO 2004/058723), (3.9) famoxadone (131807-57-3) (WO 2004/058723), (3.10) fenamidone (161326-34-7) (WO 2004/058723), (3.11) fenoxystrobin (918162-02-4), (3.12) fluoxastrobin (361377-29-9) (WO 2004/058723), (3.13) kresoxim-methyl (143390-89-0) (WO 2004/058723), (3.14) metominostrobin (133408-50-1) (WO 2004/058723), (3.15) orysastrobin (189892-69-1) (WO 2004/058723), (3.16) picoxystrobin (117428-22-5) (WO 2004/058723), (3.17) pyraclostrobin (175013-18-0) (WO 2004/058723), (3.18) pyrametostrobin (915410-70-7) (WO 2004/058723), (3.19) pyraoxystrobin (862588-11-2) (WO 2004/058723), (3.20) pyribencarb (799247-52-2) (WO 2004/058723), (3.21) triclopyricarb (902760-40-1), (3.22) trifloxystrobin (141517-21-7) (WO 2004/058723), (3.23) (2E)-2-(2- {[6-(3-chloro-2-methylphenoxy)-5- fluoropyrimidin-4-yl]oxy}phenyl)-2-(methoxyimino)-N-methylethanamide (WO 2004/058723), (3.24) (2E)-2-(methoxyimino)-N-methyl-2-(2- {[({(lE)-l-[3- (trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethylidene}amino)oxy]methyl}phenyl)ethanamide (WO 2004/058723), (3.25) (2E)-2-(methoxyimino)-N-methyl-2- {2-[(E)-( { 1 -[3-

(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy}imino)methyl]phenyl}ethanamide (158169-73-4), (3.26) (2E)-2- {2- [({[(lE)-l-(3-{[(E)-l-fluoro-2-phenylethenyl]oxy}phenyl)ethylidene]amino}oxy)methyl]phenyl}-2- (methoxyimino)-N-methylethanamide (326896-28-0), (3.27) (2E)-2- {2-[( {[(2E,3E)-4-(2,6- dichlorophenyl)but-3-en-2-ylidene]amino}oxy)methyl]phenyl}-2-(methoxyimino)-N- methylethanamide, (3.28) 2-chloro-N-(l,l,3-trimethyl-2,3-dihydro-lH-inden-4-yl)pyridine-3- carboxamide (119899-14-8), (3.29) 5-methoxy-2-methyl-4-(2-{[({(lE)-l-[3-

(trifluoromethyl)phenyl] ethylidene} amino)oxy]methyl}phenyl)-2,4-dihydro-3H- 1 ,2,4-triazol-3-one,

(3.30) methyl (2E)-2- {2- [( {cyclopropyl[(4-methoxyphenyl)imino]methyl} sulfanyl)methyl]phenyl} -3 - methoxyprop-2-enoate (149601-03-6), (3.31) N-(3-ethyl-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexyl)-3-(formylamino)-2- hydroxybenzamide (226551-21-9), (3.32) 2-{2-[(2,5-dimethylphenoxy)methyl]phenyl} -2-methoxy-N- methylacetamide (173662-97-0) and (3.33) (2R)-2- {2-[(2,5-dimethylphenoxy)methyl]phenyl}-2- methoxy-N-methylacetamide (394657-24-0).

(4) Inhibitors of the mitosis and cell division, for example (4.1) benomyl (17804-35-2), (4.2) carbendazim (10605-21-7), (4.3) chlorfenazole (3574-96-7), (4.4) diethofencarb (87130-20-9), (4.5) ethaboxam (162650-77-3), (4.6) fluopicolide (239110-15-7), (4.7) fuberidazole (3878-19-1), (4.8) pencycuron (66063-05-6), (4.9) thiabendazole (148-79-8), (4.10) thiophanate-methyl (23564-05-8), (4.11) thiophanate (23564-06-9), (4.12) zoxamide (156052-68-5), (4.13) 5-chloro-7-(4-methylpiperidin- l-yl)-6-(2,4,6-trifluorophenyl)[l,2,4]triazolo[l,5-a]pyrimidine (214706-53-3) and (4.14) 3-chloro-5-(6- chloropyridin-3-yl)-6-methyl-4-(2,4,6-trifluorophenyl)pyridazine (1002756-87-7). (5) Compounds capable to have a multisite action, like for example (5.1) bordeaux mixture (8011-63-0), (5.2) captafol (2425-06-1), (5.3) captan (133-06-2) (WO 02/12172), (5.4) chlorothalonil (1897-45-6), (5.5) copper hydroxide (20427-59-2), (5.6) copper naphthenate (1338-02-9), (5.7) copper oxide (1317- 39-1), (5.8) copper oxychloride (1332-40-7), (5.9) copper(2+) sulfate (7758-98-7), (5.10) dichlofluanid (1085-98-9), (5.11) dithianon (3347-22-6), (5.12) dodine (2439-10-3), (5.13) dodine free base, (5.14) ferbam (14484-64-1), (5.15) fluorofolpet (719-96-0), (5.16) folpet (133-07-3), (5.17) guazatine (108173- 90-6), (5.18) guazatine acetate, (5.19) iminoctadine (13516-27-3), (5.20) iminoctadine albesilate (169202-06-6), (5.21) iminoctadine triacetate (57520-17-9), (5.22) mancopper (53988-93-5), (5.23) mancozeb (8018-01-7), (5.24) maneb (12427-38-2), (5.25) metiram (9006-42-2), (5.26) metiram zinc (9006-42-2), (5.27) oxine-copper (10380-28-6), (5.28) propamidine (104-32-5), (5.29) propineb (12071- 83-9), (5.30) sulphur and sulphur preparations including calcium polysulphide (7704-34-9), (5.31) thiram (137-26-8), (5.32) tolylfluanid (731-27-1), (5.33) zineb (12122-67-7) and (5.34) ziram (137-30- 4).

(6) Compounds capable to induce a host defence, for example (6.1) acibenzolar-S-methyl (135158-54- 2), (6.2) isotianil (224049-04-1), (6.3) probenazole (27605-76-1) and (6.4) tiadinil (223580-51-6). (7) Inhibitors of the amino acid and/or protein biosynthesis, for example (7.1) andoprim (23951-85-1), (7.2) blasticidin-S (2079-00-7), (7.3) cyprodinil (121552-61-2), (7.4) kasugamycin (6980-18-3), (7.5) kasugamycin hydrochloride hydrate (19408-46-9), (7.6) mepanipyrim (110235-47-7), (7.7) pyrimethanil (53112-28-0) and (7.8) 3-(5-fluoro-3,3,4,4-tetramethyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-l-yl)quinoline (861647- 32-7) (WO2005070917). (8) Inhibitors of the ATP production, for example (8.1) fentin acetate (900-95-8), (8.2) fentin chloride (639-58-7), (8.3) fentin hydroxide (76-87-9) and (8.4) silthiofam (175217-20-6).

(9) Inhibitors of the cell wall synthesis, for example (9.1) benthiavalicarb (177406-68-7), (9.2) dimethomorph (110488-70-5), (9.3) fiumorph (211867-47-9), (9.4) iprovalicarb (140923-17-7), (9.5) mandipropamid (374726-62-2), (9.6) polyoxins (1 1113-80-7), (9.7) polyoxorim (22976-86-9), (9.8) validamycin A (37248-47-8) and (9.9) valifenalate (283159-94-4; 283159-90-0).

(10) Inhibitors of the lipid and membrane synthesis, for example (10.1) biphenyl (92-52-4), (10.2) chloroneb (2675-77-6), (10.3) dicloran (99-30-9), (10.4) edifenphos (17109-49-8), (10.5) etridiazole (2593-15-9), (10.6) iodocarb (55406-53-6), (10.7) iprobenfos (26087-47-8), (10.8) isoprothiolane (50512-35-1), (10.9) propamocarb (25606-41-1), (10.10) propamocarb hydrochloride (25606-41-1), (10.11) prothiocarb (19622-08-3), (10.12) pyrazophos (13457-18-6), (10.13) quintozene (82-68-8),

(10.14) tecnazene (117-18-0) and (10.15) tolclofos-methyl (57018-04-9).

(11) Inhibitors of the melanine biosynthesis, for example (11.1) carpropamid (104030-54-8), (11.2) diclocymet (139920-32-4), (11.3) fenoxanil (115852-48-7), (11.4) phthalide (27355-22-2), (11.5) pyroquilon (57369-32-1), (11.6) tricyclazole (41814-78-2) and (11.7) 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl {3 -methyl- 1 - [(4-methylbenzoyl)amino]butan-2-yl} carbamate (851524-22-6) (WO2005042474).

(12) Inhibitors of the nucleic acid synthesis, for example (12.1) benalaxyl (71626-11-4), (12.2) benalaxyl-M (kiralaxyl) (98243-83-5), (12.3) bupirimate (41483-43-6), (12.4) clozylacon (67932-85-8), (12.5) dimethirimol (5221-53-4), (12.6) ethirimol (23947-60-6), (12.7) furalaxyl (57646-30-7), (12.8) hymexazol (10004-44-1), (12.9) metalaxyl (57837-19-1), (12.10) metalaxyl-M (mefenoxam) (70630-17- 0), (12.11) ofurace (58810-48-3), (12.12) oxadixyl (77732-09-3) and (12.13) oxolinic acid (14698-29-4).

(13) Inhibitors of the signal transduction, for example (13.1) chlozolinate (84332-86-5), (13.2) fenpiclonil (74738-17-3), (13.3) fludioxonil (131341-86-1), (13.4) iprodione (36734-19-7), (13.5) procymidone (32809-16-8), (13.6) quinoxyfen (124495-18-7) and (13.7) vinclozolin (50471-44-8). (14) Compounds capable to act as an uncoupler, for example (14.1) binapacryl (485-31-4), (14.2) dinocap (131-72-6), (14.3) ferimzone (89269-64-7), (14.4) fluazinam (79622-59-6) and (14.5) meptyldinocap (131-72-6).

(15) Further compounds, for example (15.1) benthiazole (21564-17-0), (15.2) bethoxazin (163269-30- 5), (15.3) capsimycin (70694-08-5), (15.4) carvone (99-49-0), (15.5) chinomethionat (2439-01-2), (15.6) pyriofenone (chlazafenone) (688046-61-9), (15.7) cufraneb (11096-18-7), (15.8) cyflufenamid (180409- 60-3), (15.9) cymoxanil (57966-95-7), (15.10) cyprosulfamide (221667-31-8), (15.11) dazomet (533-74- 4), (15.12) debacarb (62732-91-6), (15.13) dichlorophen (97-23-4), (15.14) diclomezine (62865-36-5),

(15.15) difenzoquat (49866-87-7), (15.16) difenzoquat methylsulphate (43222-48-6), (15.17) diphenylamine (122-39-4), (15.18) ecomate, (15.19) fenpyrazamine (473798-59-3), (15.20) flumetover (154025-04-4), (15.21) fluoroimide (41205-21-4), (15.22) flusulfamide (106917-52-6), (15.23) flutianil (304900-25-2), (15.24) fosetyl-aluminium (39148-24-8), (15.25) fosetyl-calcium, (15.26) fosetyl- sodium (39148-16-8), (15.27) hexachlorobenzene (118-74-1), (15.28) irumamycin (81604-73-1), (15.29) methasulfocarb (66952-49-6), (15.30) methyl isothiocyanate (556-61-6), (15.31) metrafenone (220899- 03-6), (15.32) mildiomycin (67527-71-3), (15.33) natamycin (7681-93-8), (15.34) nickel dimethyldithiocarbamate (15521-65-0), (15.35) nitrothal-isopropyl (10552-74-6), (15.36) octhilinone (26530-20-1), (15.37) oxamocarb (917242-12-7), (15.38) oxyfenthiin (34407-87-9), (15.39) pentachlorophenol and salts (87-86-5), (15.40) phenothrin, (15.41) phosphorous acid and its salts (13598-36-2), (15.42) propamocarb-fosetylate, (15.43) propanosine-sodium (88498-02-6), (15.44) proquinazid (189278-12-4), (15.45) pyrimorph (868390-90-3), (15.45e) (2E)-3-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-3- (2-chloropyridin-4-yl)-l-(morpholin-4-yl)prop-2-en-l-one (1231776-28-5), (15.45z) (2Z)-3-(4-tert- butylphenyl)-3-(2-chloropyridin-4-yl)-l-(morpholin-4-yl)prop-2-en-l-one (1231776-29-6), (15.46) pyrrolnitrine (1018-71-9) (EP-A 1 559 320), (15.47) tebufloquin (376645-78-2), (15.48) tecloftalam (76280-91-6), (15.49) tolnifanide (304911-98-6), (15.50) triazoxide (72459-58-6), (15.51) trichlamide (70193-21-4), (15.52) zarilamid (84527-51-5), (15.53) (3S,6S,7R,8R)-8-benzyl-3-[({3- [(isobutyryloxy)methoxy]-4-methoxypyridin-2-yl}carbonyl)aniino]-6-methyl-4,9-dioxo-l,5-dioxonan-7- yl 2-methylpropanoate (517875-34-2) (WO2003035617), (15.54) l-(4-{4-[(5R)-5-(2,6-difluorophenyl)- 4,5-dihydro-l,2-oxazol-3-yl]-l,3-thiazol-2-yl}piperidin-l-yl)-2-[5-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-lH- pyrazol-l-yl]ethanone (1003319-79-6) (WO 2008013622), (15.55) l-(4- {4-[(5S)-5-(2,6- difluorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-l,2-oxazol-3-yl]-l,3-thiazol-2-yl}piperidin-l-yl)-2-[5-methyl-3-

(trifluoromethyl)-lH-pyrazol-l-yl]ethanone (1003319-80-9) (WO 2008013622), (15.56) l-(4- {4-[5- (2,6-difluorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-l,2-oxazol-3-yl]-l,3-thiazol-2-yl}piperidin-l-yl)-2-[5-methyl-3- (trifluoromethyl)-lH-pyrazol-l-yl]ethanone (1003318-67-9) (WO 2008013622), (15.57) l-(4- methoxyphenoxy)-3,3-dimethylbutan-2-yl IH-imidazole-l-carboxylate (111227-17-9), (15.58) 2,3,5,6- tetrachloro-4-(methylsulfonyl)pyridine (13108-52-6), (15.59) 2,3-dibutyl-6-chlorothieno[2,3- d]pyrimidin-4(3H)-one (221451-58-7), (15.60) 2,6-dimethyl-lH,5H-[l,4]dithiino[2,3-c:5,6-c']dipyrrole- l,3,5,7(2H,6H)-tetrone, (15.61) 2-[5-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-lH-pyrazol-l-yl]-l-(4- {4-[(5R)-5- phenyl-4,5-dihydro-l,2-oxazol-3-yl]-l,3-thiazol-2-yl}piperidin-l-yl)ethanone (1003316-53-7) (WO 2008013622), (15.62) 2-[5-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-lH-pyrazol-l-yl]-l -(4- {4-[(5S)-5-phenyl-4,5- dihydro-l,2-oxazol-3-yl]-l,3-thiazol-2-yl}piperidin-l-yl)ethanone (1003316-54-8) (WO 2008013622), (15.63) 2-[5-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-lH-pyrazol-l-yl]-l-{4-[4-(5-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-l,2-oxazol-3- yl)-l,3-thiazol-2-yl]piperidin-l -yl}ethanone (1003316-51-5) (WO 2008013622), (15.64) 2-butoxy-6- iodo-3-propyl-4H-chromen-4-one, (15.65) 2-chloro-5-[2-chloro-l-(2,6-difluoro-4-methoxyphenyl)-4- methyl-lH-imidazol-5-yl]pyridine, (15.66) 2-phenylphenol and salts (90-43-7), (15.67) 3-(4,4,5- trifluoro-3,3-dimethyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-l-yl)quinoline (861647-85-0) (WO2005070917), (15.68) 3,4,5-trichloropyridine-2,6-dicarbonitrile (17824-85-0), (15.69) 3-[5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2,3-dimethyl-l,2- oxazolidin-3-yl]pyridine, (15.70) 3-chloro-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-6- methylpyridazine, (15.71) 4-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-3,6-dimethylpyridazine, (15.72) 5- amino-l,3,4-thiadiazole-2-thiol, (15.73) 5-chloro-N'-phenyl-N'-(prop-2-yn-l-yl)thiophene-2- sulfonohydrazide (134-31-6), (15.74) 5-fluoro-2-[(4-fluorobenzyl)oxy]pyrimidin-4-amine (1174376-11- 4) (WO2009094442), (15.75) 5-fluoro-2-[(4-methylbenzyl)oxy]pyrimidin-4-amine (1174376-25-0) (WO2009094442), (15.76) 5-methyl-6-octyl[l,2,4]triazolo[l,5-a]pyrimidin-7-amine, (15.77) ethyl (2Z)- 3-amino-2-cyano-3-phenylprop-2-enoate, (15.78) N'-(4- {[3-(4-chlorobenzyl)-l,2,4-thiadiazol-5- yl]oxy}-2,5-dimethylphenyl)-N-ethyl-N-methylimidoformamide, (15.79) N-(4-chlorobenzyl)-3-[3- methoxy-4-(prop-2-yn- 1 -yloxy)phenyl]propanamide, (15.80) N- [(4-chlorophenyl)(cyano)methyl] -3 - [3 - methoxy-4-(prop-2-yn-l-yloxy)phenyl]propanamide, (15.81) N-[(5-bromo-3-chloropyridin-2- yl)methyl]-2,4-dichloropyridine-3-carboxamide, (15.82) N-[l-(5-bromo-3-chloropyridin-2-yl)ethyl]-2,4- dichloropyridine-3-carboxamide, (15.83) N-[l-(5-bromo-3-chloropyridin-2-yl)ethyl]-2-fluoro-4- iodopyridine-3-carboxamide, (15.84) N-{(E)-[(cyclopropylmethoxy)imino][6-(difluoromethoxy)-2,3- difluorophenyl]methyl}-2-phenylacetamide (221201-92-9), (15.85) N- {(Z)-

[(cyclopropylmethoxy)imino] [6-(difluoromethoxy)-2,3 -difluorophenyljmethyl} -2-phenylacetamide (221201-92-9), (15.86) N'-{4-[(3-tert-butyl-4-cyano-l,2-thiazol-5-yl)oxy]-2-chloro-5-methylphenyl}-N- ethyl-N-methylimidoformamide, (15.87) N-methyl-2-(l-{[5-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-lH-pyrazol-l- yl]acetyl}piperidin-4-yl)-N-(l ,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalen-l-yl)-l,3-thiazole-4-carboxamide (922514- 49-6) (WO 2007014290), (15.88) N-methyl-2-(l-{[5-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-lH-pyrazol-l- yl] acetyl}piperidin-4-yl)-N- [( 1 R)- 1 ,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalen- 1 -yl] - 1 ,3 -thiazole-4-carboxamide (922514-07-6) (WO 2007014290), (15.89) N-methyl-2-(l-{[5-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-lH-pyrazol- 1 -yl] acetyl} piperidin-4-yl)-N- [(1S)-1 ,2,3 ,4-tetrahydronaphthalen- 1 -yl] - 1 ,3 -thiazole-4-carboxamide

(922514-48-5) (WO 2007014290), (15.90) pentyl {6-[({[(l-methyl-lH-tetrazol-5- yl)(phenyl)methylidene]amino}oxy)methyl]pyridin-2-yl} carbamate, (15.91) phenazine-l-carboxylic acid, (15.92) quinolin-8-ol (134-31-6), (15.93) quinolin-8-ol sulfate (2:1) (134-31-6) and (15.94) tert- butyl {6- [( { [( 1 -methyl- 1 H-tetrazol-5 -yl)(phenyl)methylene]amino} oxy)methyl]pyridin-2-yl} carbamate. (16) Further compounds, for example (16.1) l-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-N-[2'- (trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-2-yl]-lH-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (16.2) N-(4'-chlorobiphenyl-2-yl)-3- (difluoromethyl)-l-methyl-lH-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (16.3) N-(2',4'-dichlorobiphenyl-2-yl)-3- (difluoromethyl)-l-methyl-lH-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (16.4) 3-(difluoromethyl)-l-methyl-N-[4'- (trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-2-yl]-lH-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (16.5) N-(2',5'-difluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-l- methyl-3 -(trifluoromethyl)- 1 H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (16.6) 3-(difluoromethyl)- 1 -methyl-N- [4'- (prop-l-yn-l-yl)biphenyl-2-yl]-lH-pyrazole-4-carboxamide (known from WO 2004/058723), (16.7) 5- fluoro- 1 ,3-dimethyl-N- [4'-(prop- 1 -yn- 1 -yl)biphenyl-2-yl] - 1 H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide (known from WO 2004/058723), (16.8) 2-chloro-N-[4'-(prop-l-yn-l-yl)biphenyl-2-yl]pyridine-3-carboxamide (known from WO 2004/058723), (16.9) 3-(difluoromethyl)-N-[4'-(3,3-dimethylbut-l-yn-l-yl)biphenyl- 2-yl]-l-methyl-lH-pyrazole-4-carboxamide (known from WO 2004/058723), (16.10) N-[4'-(3,3- dimethylbut- 1 -yn- 1 -yl)biphenyl-2-yl] -5-fluoro- 1 ,3 -dimethyl- 1 H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide (known from WO 2004/058723), (16.11) 3-(difluoromethyl)-N-(4'-ethynylbiphenyl-2-yl)-l-methyl-lH-pyrazole-4- carboxamide (known from WO 2004/058723), (16.12) N-(4'-ethynylbiphenyl-2-yl)-5-fluoro-l,3- dimethyl-lH-pyrazole-4-carboxamide (known from WO 2004/058723), (16.13) 2-chloro-N-(4'- ethynylbiphenyl-2-yl)pyridine-3-carboxamide (known from WO 2004/058723), (16.14) 2-chloro-N-[4'- (3,3-dimethylbut-l-yn-l-yl)biphenyl-2-yl]pyridine-3-carboxamide (known from WO 2004/058723), (16.15) 4-(difluoromethyl)-2-methyl-N- [4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-2-yl] - 1 ,3 -thiazole-5 -carboxamide (known from WO 2004/058723), (16.16) 5-fluoro-N-[4'-(3-hydroxy-3-methylbut-l-yn-l-yl)biphenyl-2- yl]-l,3-dimethyl-lH-pyrazole-4-carboxamide (known from WO 2004/058723), (16.17) 2-chloro-N-[4'- (3-hydroxy-3-methylbut-l-yn-l-yl)biphenyl-2-yl]pyridine-3-carboxamide (known from WO 2004/058723), (16.18) 3 -(difluoromethyl)-N- [4'-(3 -methoxy-3-methylbut- 1 -yn- 1 -yl)biphenyl-2-yl] - 1 - methyl- lH-pyrazole-4-carboxamide (known from WO 2004/058723), (16.19) 5-fluoro-N-[4'-(3- methoxy-3-methylbut-l-yn-l-yl)biphenyl-2-yl]-l,3-dimethyl-lH-pyrazole-4-carboxami (known from WO 2004/058723), (16.20) 2-chloro-N-[4'-(3-methoxy-3-methylbut-l-yn-l-yl)biphenyl-2-yl]pyridine-3- carboxamide (known from WO 2004/058723), (16.21) (5-bromo-2-memoxy-4-methylpyridin-3- yl)(2,3,4-trimethoxy-6-methylphenyl)methanone (known from EP-A 1 559 320), (16.22) N-[2-(4-{[3-(4- chlorophenyl)prop-2-yn-l-yl]oxy} -3-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-N2-(methylsulfonyl)valinamide (220706- 93-4), (16.23) 4-oxo-4-[(2-phenylethyl)amino]butanoic acid and (16.24) but-3-yn-l-yl {6-[({[(Z)-(l- methyl- 1 H-tetrazol-5 -yl)(phenyl)methylene] amino } oxy)methyl]pyridin-2-yl} carbamate.

All named combination partners of the classes (1) to (16), as well as Fluopyram can, if their functional groups enable this, optionally form salts with suitable bases or acids. In one embodiment a composition comprising Fluopyram may comprise one or more additional fungicides which may be selected from the group consisting of:

(1) Inhibitors of the ergosterol biosynthesis, for example aldimorph, azaconazole, bitertanol, bromuconazole, cyproconazole, diclobutrazole, difenoconazole, diniconazole, diniconazole-M, dodemorph, dodemorph acetate, epoxiconazole, etaconazole, fenarimol, fenbuconazole, fenhexamid, fenpropidin, fenpropimorph, fluquinconazole, flurprimidol, flusilazole, flutriafol, furconazole, furconazole-cis, hexaconazole, imazalil, imazalil sulfate, imibenconazole, ipconazole, metconazole, myclobutanil, naftifine, nuarimol, oxpoconazole, paclobutrazol, pefurazoate, penconazole, piperalin, prochloraz, propiconazole, prothioconazole, pyributicarb, pyrifenox, quinconazole, simeconazole, spiroxamine, tebuconazole, terbinafme, tetraconazole, triadimefon, triadimenol, tridemorph, triflumizole, triforine, triticonazole, uniconazole, uniconazole-p, viniconazole, voriconazole, l-(4- chlorophenyl)-2-( 1 H- 1 ,2,4-triazol- 1 -yl)cycloheptanol, methyl 1 -(2,2-dimethyl-2,3 -dihydro- 1 H-inden- 1 - yl)-lH-imidazole-5-carboxylate, N'- {5-(difluoromethyl)-2-methyl-4-[3- (trimethylsilyl)propoxy]phenyl}-N-ethyl-N-methylimidoformamide, N-ethyl-N-methyl-N'- {2-methyl-5- (trifluoromethyl)-4-[3-(trimethylsilyl)propoxy]phenyl}imidoformamide and 0-[l-(4-methoxyphenoxy)- 3,3-dimethylbutan-2-yl] lH-imidazole-l-carbothioate and

(2) inhibitors of the respiratory chain at complex I or II, for example (2.1) bixafen (581809-46-3), (2.2) boscalid (188425-85-6), (2.3) carboxin (5234-68-4), (2.4) diflumetorim (130339-07-0), (2.5) fenfuram (24691-80-3), (2.6) fluopyram (658066-35-4), (2.7) flutolanil (66332-96-5), (2.8) fluxapyroxad (907204-31-3), (2.9) furametpyr (123572-88-3), (2.10) furmecyclox (60568-05-0), (2.11) isopyrazam (mixture of syn-epimeric racemate 1RS,4SR,9RS and anti-epimeric racemate 1RS,4SR,9SR) (881685- 58-1), (2.12) isopyrazam (anti-epimeric racemate 1RS,4SR,9SR), (2.13) isopyrazam (anti-epimeric enantiomer 1R,4S,9S), (2.14) isopyrazam (anti-epimeric enantiomer 1S,4R,9R), (2.15) isopyrazam (syn epimeric racemate 1RS,4SR,9RS), (2.16) isopyrazam (syn-epimeric enantiomer 1R,4S,9R), (2.17) isopyrazam (syn-epimeric enantiomer 1S,4R,9S), (2.18) mepronil (55814-41-0), (2.19) oxycarboxin (5259-88-1), (2.20) penflufen (494793-67-8), (2.21) penthiopyrad (183675-82-3), (2.22) sedaxane (874967-67-6), (2.23) thifluzamide (130000-40-7), (2.24) l-methyl-N-[2-(l ,l,2,2- tetrafluoroethoxy)phenyl]-3-(trifluoromethyl)-lH-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.25) 3-(difluoromethyl)-l- methyl-N-[2-(l,l,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)phenyl]-lH-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.26) 3-(difluoromethyl)- N-[4-fluoro-2-(l, 1,2, 3,3, 3-hexafluoropropoxy)phenyl]-l -methyl- lH-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.27) N- [ 1 -(2,4-dichlorophenyl)- 1 -methoxypropan-2-yl] -3 -(difluoromethyl)- 1 -methyl- 1 H-pyrazole-4- carboxamide (1092400-95-7) (WO 2008148570), (2.28) 5,8-difluoro-N-[2-(2-fluoro-4- {[4- (trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]oxy}phenyl)ethyl]quinazolin-4-amine (1210070-84-0) (WO2010025451), (2.29) N-[9-(dichloromethylene)-l,2,3,4-tetrahydro-l,4-methanonaphthalen-5-yl]-3-(difluoromethyl)-l - methyl-lH-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.30) N-[(lS,4R)-9-(dichloromethylene)- 1,2,3, 4-tetrahydro- 1,4- methanonaphthalen-5-yl]-3-(difluoromethyl)-l-methyl-lH-pyrazole-4-carboxamide and (2.31) N- [( 1 R,4S)-9-(dichloromethylene)- 1 ,2,3 , 4-tetrahydro- 1 ,4-methanonaphthalen-5-yl]-3 -(difluoromethyl)- 1 - methyl- 1 H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide.

(3) inhibitors of the respiratory chain at complex III, for example (3.1) ametoctradin (865318-97-4), (3.2) amisulbrom (348635-87-0), (3.3) azoxystrobin (131860-33-8), (3.4) cyazofamid (120116-88-3), (3.5) coumethoxystrobin (850881-30-0), (3.6) coumoxystrobin (850881-70-8), (3.7) dimoxystrobin (141600-52-4), (3.8) enestroburin (238410-11-2) (WO 2004/058723), (3.9) famoxadone (131807-57-3) (WO 2004/058723), (3.10) fenamidone (161326-34-7) (WO 2004/058723), (3.11) fenoxystrobin (918162-02-4), (3.12) fluoxastrobin (361377-29-9) (WO 2004/058723), (3.13) kresoxim-methyl (143390-89-0) (WO 2004/058723), (3.14) metominostrobin (133408-50-1) (WO 2004/058723), (3.15) orysastrobin (189892-69-1) (WO 2004/058723), (3.16) picoxystrobin (117428-22-5) (WO 2004/058723), (3.17) pyraclostrobin (175013-18-0) (WO 2004/058723), (3.18) pyrametostrobin (915410-70-7) (WO 2004/058723), (3.19) pyraoxystrobin (862588-11-2) (WO 2004/058723), (3.20) pyribencarb (799247-52-2) (WO 2004/058723), (3.21) triclopyricarb (902760-40-1), (3.22) trifloxystrobin (141517-21-7) (WO 2004/058723), (3.23) (2E)-2-(2- {[6-(3-chloro-2-methylphenoxy)-5- fluoropyrimidin-4-yl]oxy}phenyl)-2-(methoxyimino)-N-methylethanamide (WO 2004/058723), (3.24) (2E)-2-(methoxyimino)-N-methyl-2-(2- {[({(1Ε)-1-[3 - (trifluoromethyl)phenyl] ethylidene } amino) oxy] - methyl}phenyl)ethanamide (WO 2004/058723), (3.25) (2E)-2-(methoxyimino)-N-methyl-2-{2-[(E)-({l - [3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy}imino)methyl]phenyl}ethanamide (158169-73-4), (3.26) (2E)-2- {2- [({[(lE)-l-(3-{[(E)-l-fluoro-2-phenylethenyl]oxy}phenyl)ethylidene]amino}oxy)methyl]phenyl}-2- (methoxyimino)-N-methylethanamide (326896-28-0), (3.27) (2E)-2- {2-[( {[(2E,3E)-4-(2,6- dichlorophenyl)but-3-en-2-ylidene]amino}oxy)methyl]phenyl}-2-(methoxyimino)-N- methylethanamide, (3.28) 2-chloro-N-(l,l,3-trimethyl-2,3-dihydro-lH-inden-4-yl)pyridine-3- carboxamide (119899-14-8), (3.29) 5-methoxy-2-methyl-4-(2-{[({(lE)-l-[3-

(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethylidene}amino)oxy]methyl}phenyl)-2,4-dihydro-3H-l,2,4-triazol-3-one, (3.30) methyl (2E)-2- {2-[( {cyclopropyl[(4-methoxyphenyl)imino]methyl}sulfanyl)methyl]phenyl} -3- methoxyprop-2-enoate (149601-03-6), (3.31) N-(3-ethyl-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexyl)-3-(formylamino)-2- hydroxybenzamide (226551-21-9), (3.32) 2-{2-[(2,5-dimethylphenoxy)methyl]phenyl} -2-methoxy-N- methylacetamide (173662-97-0) and (3.33) (2R)-2- {2-[(2,5-dimethylphenoxy)methyl]phenyl}-2- methoxy-N-methylacetamide (394657-24-0) and

(15) Further compounds, for example benthiazole, bethoxazin, capsimycin, carvone, chinomethionat, pyriofenone (chlazafenone), cufraneb, cyflufenamid, cymoxanil, cyprosulfamide, dazomet, debacarb, dichlorophen, diclomezine, difenzoquat, difenzoquat methylsulphate, diphenylamine, ecomate, fenpyrazamine, flumetover, fluoroimide, flusulfamide, flutianil, fosetyl- aluminium, fosetyl-calcium, fosetyl-sodium, hexachlorobenzene, irumamycin, methasulfocarb, methyl isothiocyanate, metrafenone, mildiomycin, natamycin, nickel dimethyldithiocarbamate, nitrothal-isopropyl, octhilinone, oxamocarb, oxyfenthiin, pentachlorophenol and salts, phenothrin, phosphorous acid and its salts, propamocarb- fosetylate, propanosine-sodium, proquinazid, pyrimorph, (2E)-3-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-3-(2- chloro yridin-4-yl)-l-(moφholin-4-yl) ro -2-en-l-one, (2Z)-3-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-3-(2-chloropyridin- 4-yl)-l-(morpholin-4-yl)prop-2-en-l-one, pyrrolnitrine, tebufloquin, tecloftalam, tolnifanide, triazoxide, trichlamide, zarilamid, (3S,6S,7R,8R)-8-benzyl-3-[( {3-[(isobutyryloxy)methoxy]-4-methoxypyridin-2- yl}carbonyl)amino]-6-methyl-4,9-dioxo-l,5-dioxonan-7-yl 2-methylpropanoate, l-(4- {4-[(5R)-5-(2,6- difluorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-l,2-oxazol-3-yl]-l,3-thiazol-2-yl}piperidin-l-yl)-2-[5-methyl-3-

(trifluoromethyl)- 1 H-pyrazol- 1 -yl]ethanone, 1 -(4- {4-[(5S)-5-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro- 1 ,2- oxazol-3 -yl] - 1 ,3-thiazol-2-yl} piperidin- 1 -yl)-2- [5-methyl-3 -(trifluoromethyl)- 1 H-pyrazol- 1 -yl] ethanone, l-(4- {4-[5-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-l,2-oxazol-3-yl]-l,3-thiazol-2-yl}piperidin-l-yl)-2-[5- methyl-3 -(trifluoromethyl)- 1 H-pyrazol- l -yl]ethanone, l-(4-methoxyphenoxy)-3,3-dimethylbutan-2-yl lH-imidazole-l-carboxylate, 2,3,5,6-tetrachloro-4-(methylsulfonyl)pyridine, 2,3-dibutyl-6- chlorothieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4(3H)-one, 2,6-dimethyl-lH,5H-[l,4]dithiino[2,3-c:5,6-c']dipyrrole- l,3,5,7(2H,6H)-tetrone, 2-[5-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-lH-pyrazol-l-yl]-l -(4-{4-[(5R)-5-phenyl-4,5- dihydro- 1 ,2-oxazol-3 -yl] - 1 ,3 -thiazol-2-yl}piperidin- 1 -yl)ethanone, 2- [5-methyl-3 -(trifluoromethyl)- 1 H- pyrazol-l-yl]-l-(4- {4-[(5S)-5-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-l,2-oxazol-3-yl]-l,3-thiazol-2-yl}piperidin-l- yl)ethanone, 2-[5-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)- 1 H-pyrazol- 1 -yl]-l - {4- [4-(5-phenyl-4,5-dihydro- 1 ,2- oxazol-3-yl)-l,3-thiazol-2-yl]piperidin-l-yl} ethanone, 2-butoxy-6-iodo-3-propyl-4H-chromen-4-one, 2- chloro-5-[2-chloro-l-(2,6-difluoro-4-methoxyphenyl)-4-methyl-lH-imidazol-5-yl]pyridine, 2- phenylphenol and salts, 3-(4,4,5-trifluoro-3,3-dimethyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-l -yl)quinoline, 3,4,5- trichloropyridine-2,6-dicarbonitrile, 3-[5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2,3-dimethyl-l,2-oxazolidin-3-yl]pyridine, 3- chloro-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-6-methylpyridazine, 4-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-(2,6- difluorophenyl)-3,6-dimethylpyridazine, 5-amino-l,3,4-thiadiazole-2-thiol, 5-chloro-N'-phenyl-N'- (prop-2-yn-l-yl)thiophene-2-sulfonohydrazide, 5-fluoro-2-[(4-fluorobenzyl)oxy]pyrimidin-4-amine, 5- fluoro-2-[(4-methylbenzyl)oxy]pyrimidin-4-amine, 5-methyl-6-octyl[l,2,4]triazolo[l,5-a]pyrimidin-7- amine, ethyl (2Z)-3-amino-2-cyano-3-phenylprop-2-enoate, N'-(4- {[3-(4-chlorobenzyl)-l,2,4-thiadiazol- 5-yl]oxy}-2,5-dimethylphenyl)-N-ethyl-N-methylimidoformamide, N-(4-chlorobenzyl)-3-[3-methoxy-4- (prop-2-yn-l-yloxy)phenyl]propanamide, N-[(4-chlorophenyl)(cyano)methyl]-3-[3-methoxy-4-(prop-2- yn-l-yloxy)phenyl]propanamide, N-[(5-bromo-3-chloropyridin-2-yl)methyl]-2,4-dichloropyridine-3- carboxamide, N-[l-(5-bromo-3-chloropyridin-2-yl)ethyl]-2,4-dichloropyridine-3-carboxamide, N-[l-(5- bromo-3-chloropyridin-2-yl)ethyl]-2-fluoro-4-iodopyridine-3-carboxamide, N-{(E)-[(cyclopropy- lmethoxy)imino] [6-(difluoromethoxy)-2,3-difluorophenyl]methyl} -2-phenylacetamide, N- {(Z)-

[(cyclopropylmethoxy)imino] [6-(difluoromethoxy)-2, 3 -difluorophenyl]methyl} -2-phenylacetamide, N'- {4-[(3-tert-butyl-4-cyano-l,2-thiazol-5-yl)oxy]-2-chloro-5-methylphenyl}-N-ethyl-N-methylimidofor- mamide, N-methyl-2-( 1 - { [5-methyl-3 -(trifluoromethyl)- 1 H-pyrazol- 1 -yl]acetyl} piperidin-4-yl)-N- (l,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalen-l-yl)-l,3-thiazole-4-carboxamide, N-methyl-2-(l- {[5-methyl-3-(trifluoro- methyl)- 1 H-pyrazol- 1 -yl] acetyl}piperidin-4-yl)-N- [( 1 R)- 1 ,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalen- 1 -yl] -1,3- thiazole-4-carboxamide, N-methyl-2-(l-{[5-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-lH-pyrazol-l-yl]acetyl}piperi- din-4-yl)-N-[(lS)-l,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalen-l-yl]-l ,3-thiazole-4-carboxamide, pentyl {6-[({[(l - methyl- 1 H-tetrazo 1-5 -yl)(phenyl)methylidene] amino } oxy)methyl]pyridin-2-yl} carbamate, phenazine- 1 - carboxylic acid, quinolin-8-ol, quinolin-8-ol sulfate (2:1) and tert-butyl {6-[({[(l-methyl-lH-tetrazol-5- y 1) (pheny l)methy lene] amino } oxy)methy 1] pyridin-2 -y 1 } carb amate .

In one embodiment a composition comprising Fluopyram may comprise one or more additional fungicides which may be selected from the group consisting of benzovindiflupyr, bixafen, fluxapyroxad, dithianon, fludioxonil, tebuconazole, prothioconazole, difenconazole, epoxiconazole, ipconazole, propamocarb-fosetylate, trifloxystrobin, myclobutanil, captan, mancozeb, propineb, bixafen, boscalid, penthiopyrad, cyprodinil, kresoxim-methyl, mefentrifluconazole, ipfentrifluconazole, inpyrfluxam, isoflucypram, fiuindapyr, quinofumelin, trifloxystrobin, fosetyl- luminium, pyrimethanil, Bacillus subtilis strain QST713 (marketed under Serenade, Bayer CropScience).

In another embodiment a composition comprising Fluopyram may comprise one or more additional fungicides which may be selected from the group consisting of isoflucypram, trifloxystrobin, fosetyl- aluminium, propineb, pyrimethanil, Bacillus subtilis strain QST713 (marketed under Serenade, Bayer CropScience). Compositions

The compositions comprising a fungicide selected from the group of succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors, in particular Fluopyram may further comprise at least one other additional component such as auxiliaries, solvents, carriers or supports, filler, surfactants or extenders, all being agriculturally acceptable. According to the invention the term "support" or "carrier" is to be understood as meaning a natural or synthetic, organic or inorganic substance which is mixed or combined with the active compounds for better applicability, in particular for application to plants or plant parts or seeds. The support or carrier, which may be solid or liquid, is generally inert and should be suitable for use in agriculture. Suitable solid or liquid carriers / supports include for example ammonium salts and natural ground minerals, such as kaolins, clays, talc, chalk, quartz, attapulgite, montmorillonite or diatomaceous earth, and ground synthetic minerals, such as finely divided silica, alumina and natural or synthetic silicates, resins, waxes, solid fertilizers, water, alcohols, especially butanol, organic solvents, mineral oils and vegetable oils, and also derivatives thereof. It is also possible to use mixtures of such supports or carriers. Solid supports / carriers suitable for granules are: for example crushed and fractionated natural minerals, such as calcite, marble, pumice, sepiolite, dolomite, and also synthetic granules of inorganic and organic meals and also granules of organic material, such as sawdust, coconut shells, maize cobs and tobacco stalks. Suitable liquefied gaseous extenders or carriers are liquids which are gaseous at ambient temperature and under atmospheric pressure, for example aerosol propellants, such as butane, propane, nitrogen and carbon dioxide. Tackifiers, such as carboxymethylcellulose and natural and synthetic polymers in the form of powders, granules and latices, such as gum arabic, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl acetate, or else natural phospholipids, such as cephalins and lecithins and synthetic phospholipids can be used in the formulations. Other possible additives are mineral and vegetable oils and waxes, optionally modified. If the extender used is water, it is also possible for example, to use organic solvents as auxiliary solvents. Suitable liquid solvents are essentially: aromatic compounds, such as xylene, toluene or alkylnaphthalenes, chlorinated aromatic compounds or chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons, such as chlorobenzenes, chloroethylenes or methylene chloride, aliphatic hydrocarbons, such as cyclohexane or paraffins, for example mineral oil fractions, mineral and vegetable oils, alcohols, such as butanol or glycol, and also ethers and esters thereof, ketones, such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone or cyclohexanone, strongly polar solvents, such as dimethylformamide and dimethyl sulphoxide, and also water.

In the present specification, the term "surfactant" comprises an emulsifier, a dispersing agent or a wetting agent of ionic or non-ionic type or a mixture of such surfactants. Mention may be made, for example, of polyacrylic acid salts, lignosulphonic acid salts, phenolsulphonic or naphthalenesulphonic acid salts, polycondensates of ethylene oxide with fatty alcohols or with fatty acids or with fatty amines, substituted phenols (in particular alkylphenols or arylphenols), salts of sulpho succinic acid esters, taurine derivatives (in particular alkyl taurates), phosphoric esters of polyoxyethylated alcohols or phenols, fatty acid esters of polyols, and derivatives of the above compounds containing sulphate, sulphonate and phosphate functions. The presence of at least one surfactant is generally essential when the active material and/or the inert support are water-insoluble and when the vector agent for the application is water. Preferably, surfactant content may be comprised between 5% and 40% by weight of the composition.

Additional components may also be included, e.g. protective colloids, adhesives, thickeners, thixotropic agents, penetration agents, stabilisers, sequestering agents. More generally, the active materials can be combined with any solid or liquid additive, which complies with the usual formulation techniques. It is further possible to use colourants such as inorganic pigments, for example iron oxide, titanium oxide, Prussian blue, and trace nutrients, such as salts of iron, manganese, boron, copper, cobalt, molybdenum and zinc.

In general, the compositions according to the invention may contain from 0.05 to 99% (by weight) of active material, preferably 0.1 to 95% by weight, more preferably 1 to 90 % by weight, most preferably 10 to 70% by weight.

Compositions comprising a fungicide selected from the group of succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors, in particular Fluopyram can be used in various forms such as aerosol dispenser, capsule suspension, cold fogging concentrate, dustable powder, emulsifiable concentrate, emulsion oil in water, emulsion water in oil, encapsulated granule, fine granule, flowable concentrate for seed treatment, gas (under pressure), gas generating product, granule, hot fogging concentrate, macrogranule, microgranule, oil dispersible powder, oil miscible flowable concentrate, oil miscible liquid, paste, plant rodlet, powder for dry seed treatment, seed coated with a pesticide, soluble concentrate, soluble powder, solution for seed treatment, suspension concentrate (flowable concentrate), ultra low volume (ulv) liquid, ultra low volume (ulv) suspension, water dispersible granules or tablets, water dispersible powder for slurry treatment, water soluble granules or tablets, water soluble powder for seed treatment and wettable powder.

These compositions include not only compositions which are ready to be applied to the plant or fruit to be treated by means of a suitable device, such as a spraying or dusting device, but also concentrated commercial compositions which must be diluted before they are applied to the crop. In one embodiment, the compositions comprising a fungicide selected from the group of succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors, in particular Fluopyram, are applied by dipping, spraying, atomizing, irrigating, evaporating, painting, spreading-on, watering (drenching), drip irrigating, chemigating (i.e. by addition of the active ingredients to the irrigation water, injection and in hydroponic/mineral systems) or injecting the plants, plant parts, plants growing from seedlings, root-stocks, grafts and cuttings, trees, flowers, leaves, fruits, and fruit bodies.

In another embodiment, the compositions comprising a fungicide selected from the group of succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors, in particular Fluopyram, are applied by dipping, spraying, atomizing, irrigating, evaporating, painting, spreading-on, watering (drenching), drip irrigating, chemigating (i.e. by addition of the active ingredients to the irrigation water, injection and in hydroponic/mineral systems) or injecting trees, flowers, leaves, fruits, and fruit bodies.

In another embodiment, the compositions comprising a fungicide selected from the group of succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors, in particular Fluopyram, are applied by dipping, spraying, atomizing, irrigating, evaporating, painting, spreading-on, watering (drenching), drip irrigating, chemigating (i.e. by addition of the active ingredients to the irrigation water, injection and in hydro onic/mineral systems) or injecting fruits and fruit bodies.

The use of the compositions comprising a fungicide selected from the group of succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors, in particular Fluopyram, envisaged are effected preferably with an application rate between 0.01 and 2 kg/ha of active ingredient, more preferably between 0.05 and 1 kg/ha, even more preferably between 0.1 and 0.5 kg/ha, much more preferably between 0.1 and 0.3 kg/ha.

In one embodiment the application rate for the succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor is 0.05 to 0.5 kg/ha. In one embodiment the application rate for Fluopyram is 0.05 to 0.5 kg/ha. In one embodiment the application rate for Fluopyram is 0.05 to 0.3 kg ha. In one embodiment the application rate for Fluopyram is 0.05 to 0.25 kg/ha. In one embodiment the application rate for Fluopyram is 0.05 to 0.2 kg/ha. In one embodiment the application rate for Fluopyram is 0.05 to 0.1 kg/ha.

In one embodiment the application rate for a composition comprising Fluopyram and Trifloxystrobin is is 0.05 to 0.2 kg/ha for Fluopyram and 0.05 to 0.2 kg/ha for Trifloxystrobin. In one embodiment the application rate for a composition comprising Fluopyram and Difenconazole is 0.075 to 0.15 kg/ha for Fluopyram and 0.075 to 0.15 kg/ha for Trifloxystrobin.

In one embodiment the application rate for a composition comprising Fluopyram and Difenconazole is 0.075 to 0.15 kg ha for Fluopyram and 0.075 to 0.15 kg/ha for Difenoconazole.

In one embodiment the application rate for a composition comprising Fluopyram and Propineb is 0.05 to 0.2 kg/ha for Fluopyram and 0.5 to 2 kg/ha for Propineb.

In one embodiment the application rate for a composition comprising Fluopyram and Pyrimethanil is 0.075 to 0.125 kg/ha for Fluopyram and 0.225 to 0.375 kg/ha for Pyrimethanil.

In one embodiment the application rate for a composition comprising Fluopyram and Trifloxystrobin is is 0.05 to 0.25 kg/ha for Fluopyram and 0.05 to 0.2 kg/ha for Trifloxystrobin. In one embodiment the application rate for a composition comprising Fluopyram and Difenconazole is 0.05 to 0.15 kg/ha for Fluopyram and 0.075 to 0.15 kg/ha for Trifloxystrobin.

In one embodiment the application rate for a composition comprising Fluopyram and Difenconazole is 0.05 to 0.15 kg ha for Fluopyram and 0.075 to 0.15 kg ha for Difenoconazole. In one embodiment the application rate for a composition comprising Fluopyram and Propineb is 0.05 to 0.25 kg/ha for Fluopyram and 0.5 to 2 kg/ha for Propineb.

In one embodiment the application rate for a composition comprising Fluopyram and Pyrimethanil is 0.05 to 0.125 kg/ha for Fluopyram and 0.225 to 0.375 kg/ha for Pyrimethanil.

Formulations

Depending on their particular physical and/or chemical properties, a fungicide selected from the group of succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors, in particular Fluopyram can be converted in accordance with the invention to the customary formulations, such as solutions, emulsions, suspensions, powders, foams, pastes, granules, aerosols and microencapsulations in polymeric substances and in coating materials for seed, and also ULV cool and warm fogging formulations.

Depending on their particular physical and/or chemical properties, Fluopyram can be converted in accordance with the invention to the customary formulations, such as solutions, emulsions, suspensions, powders, foams, pastes, granules, aerosols and microencapsulations in polymeric substances and in coating materials for seed, and also ULV cool and warm fogging formulations.

The formulations contain generally between 0.01 and 95 percent by weight of active ingredient, preferably between 0.05 and 90%, more preferably between 0.1 and 80 %.

These formulations are produced in a known manner, for example by mixing the active ingredients with extenders, i.e. liquid solvents, liquefied gases under pressure and/or solid carriers, optionally using surfactants, i.e. emulsifiers and/or dispersants, and/or foam formers. If the extender used is water, it is also possible to use, for example, organic solvents as auxiliary solvents. Useful liquid solvents are essentially: aromatics such as xylene, toluene or alkylnaphthalenes, chlorinated aromatics or chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons such as chlorobenzenes, chloroethylenes or methylene chloride, aliphatic hydrocarbons such as cyclohexane or paraffins, for example mineral oil fractions, alcohols such as butanol or glycol and their ethers and esters, ketones such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone or cyclohexanone, strongly polar solvents such as dimethylformamide or dimethyl sulphoxide, or else water. Liquefied gaseous extenders or carriers are understood to mean those liquids which are gaseous at standard temperature and under standard pressure, for example aerosol propellants such as halohydrocarbons, or else butane, propane, nitrogen and carbon dioxide. Useful solid carriers are: for example natural rock flours such as kaolins, clays, talc, chalk, quartz, attapulgite, montmorillonite or diatomaceous earth, and synthetic rock flours such as finely divided silica, alumina and silicates. Useful solid carriers for granules are: for example crushed and fractionated natural rocks such as calcite, pumice, marble, sepiolite, dolomite, and synthetic granules of inorganic and organic flours, and also granules of organic material such as sawdust, coconut shells, maize cobs and tobacco stalks. Useful emulsifiers and/or foam generators are: for example nonionic and anionic emulsifiers, such as polyoxyethylene fatty acid esters, polyoxyethylene fatty alcohol ethers, for example alkylaryl polyglycol ethers, alkylsulphonates, alkyl sulphates, arylsulphonates, or else protein hydrolysates. Useful dispersants include: for example lignosulphite waste liquors and methylcellulose.

In the formulations it is possible to use tackiiiers such as carboxymethylcellulose, natural and synthetic polymers in the form of powders, granules or latices, such as gum arabic, polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinyl acetate, or else natural phospholipids such as cephalins and lecithins and synthetic phospholipids. Further additives may be mineral and vegetable oils.

It is possible to use colorants such as inorganic pigments, for example iron oxide, titanium oxide and Prussian Blue, and organic dyes such as alizarin dyes, azo dyes and metal phthalocyanine dyes, and trace nutrients such as salts of iron, manganese, boron, copper, cobalt, molybdenum and zinc.

The example which follows serves to illustrate the invention, but without restricting it.

Example 1

Cherry trees of the variety Prime Giant (susceptible for cracking) and Cristalina (non-susceptible for cracking) in cherry orchards in Sapin were treated in different schemes with Fluopyram in comparison to the commercial standard difenconazole in 2016 according to application scheme as outlined in table 1 starting at a BBCH stage of at least 70 or more. Four replicates of six trees per cultivar and treatment were used. Sufficient amounts of fruit were harvested to assess certain quality standards addressing the oxidative fitness of the fruits.

Table 1

Treatment Active Application Application

Name Spray Interval

Ingredient Rate Date

Luna 0.5 1/ha (250

Privilege grams of 20 days before

Fluopyram 11.05.2016

Fluopyram harvest

SC 500

per ha)

Fl

Luna 0.5 1/ha (250

Privilege grams of 7 days before

Fluopyram 24.05.2016

Fluopyram harvest

SC 500

per ha)

Luna 0.5 1/ha (250

Privilege grams of 20 days before

Fluopyram 11.05.2016

Fluopyram harvest

SC 500

per ha)

Serenade 8 1/ha (at least

F2

ASO Bacillus 10.7 x 10¹⁰ 7 days before

24.05.2016

subtilis cfu/ha) harvest

SC 1,34

Score 0,45 1/ha (250

20 days before

F3 25EC Difenconazole grams of 11.05.2016

harvest

Difenconazole per ha)

Score 0,45 1/ha (250

7 days before 25EC Difenconazole grams of 24.05.2016

harvest

Difenconazole

Results are summarized in table 2. "CT" represents an untreated control.

Table 2

All treatments and especially in the susceptible variety Fl significantly reduced cracking incidence. The treatment effect reduced cracking by 2.4-fold in Fl -treated fruit.

Example 2

Nectarine trees of the variety Diamond Ray in nectarine orchards in Spain were treated in different schemes with Fluopyram in comparison to the commercial standard fenbuconazole in 2016 and 2017 according to application scheme as outlined in table 3 with the application starting at BBCH 80. Four replicate trees per cultivar and treatment were used. Sufficient amounts of fruit were harvested to assess certain quality standards addressing the oxidative fitness of the fruit. Fruit were picked from the trees and assessed for absence of defects and uniformity in size. Fruit were further sorted according their maturity into two groups Ml and M2 to have fruit of the same maturity in one group to exclude effects resulting from fruit maturity. Flesh browning was evaluated after 20 days of storage of the nectarines at 0.5 degree Celsius. Wooliness was evaluated after 10 days and 20 days of storage of the nectarines at 0.5 degree Celsius.

Table 3

Treatment Application Applicati Spray

Name Active Ingredient

Rate on Date Interval

Fl Luna 0.5 1/ha (250

28 days Privilege grams of 20.06.201

Fluopyram before

Fluopyram per 6

SC 500 harvest

ha)

Luna 0.5 1/ha (250

7 days Privilege grams of 11.07.201

Fluopyram before

Fluopyram per 6

SC 500 harvest

ha)

F2 Luna 0.5 1/ha (250

28 days Privilege grams of 20.06.201

Fluopyram before

Fluopyram per 6

SC 500 harvest

ha)

Serenade 8 1/ha (at least

7 days 10.7 x 10¹⁰ 11.07.201

ASO SC Bacillus subtilis before

cfu/ha) 6

3,14 harvest

F3 Score EC Fenbuconazole 50 g/ha 20.06.201 28 days 250 6 before

harvest

Score EC Fenbuconazole 50 g/ha 7 days

11.07.201

250 before

6

harvest

Results are shown in table 4 as percentage of fruit showing flesh browning symptoms.

Results are shown in table 5 as percentage of fruit wooliness symptoms.

Flesh browning appeared after 20d of cold storage in not fully mature fruit. In particular treatment Fl but also F2 diminished the incidence of flesh browning in fruit.

Both Fl and F2 also show an impact on avoiding wooliness after 10 days. After 20 days no difference between treatments was visible.

Table 4

Ml M2

CT 55 80

Fl 50 30

F2 60 55

F3 65 75

Table 5

Ml M2

5 40

CT

5 15

Fl

0 10

F2

5 25

F3

Claims

Claims:

1. Use of a composition comprising a fungicide selected from the group of succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors for enhancing antioxidative fitness of plants.

2. Use according to Claim 1, characterized in that the fungicide is selected from the group of succinate dehydrogenase inhibtors consisting of benzovindiflupyr (1072957-71-1), bixafen

(581809-46-3), boscalid (188425-85-6), fluindapyr (1383809-87-7), fluopyram (658066-35-4), (2.8) fluxapyroxad (907204-31-3), isofetamid (875915-78-9), isoflucypram (1255734-28-1), isopyrazam (mixture of syn-epimeric racemate 1RS,4SR,9RS and anti-epimeric racemate 1RS,4SR,9SR) (881685-58-1), isopyrazam (anti-epimeric racemate 1RS,4SR,9SR), isopyrazam (anti-epimeric enantiomer 1R,4S,9S), isopyrazam (anti-epimeric enantiomer 1S,4R,9R), isopyrazam (syn epimeric racemate 1RS,4SR,9RS), isopyrazam (syn-epimeric enantiomer 1R,4S,9R), isopyrazam (syn-epimeric enantiomer 1S,4R,9S), penthiopyrad (183675-82-3), pydiflumetofen (1228284-64-7).

3. Use according to any of Claims 1 to 2, characterized in that the fungicide is Fluopyram.

4. Use according to any of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the composition is employed in combination with a further active fungicidal ingredient.

5. Use according to any of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the plants are leaves, flowers, fruit bodies or fruits.

6. Method for enhancing antioxidative fitness of plants, characterized in that the fruits are treated with the fungicides as defined in any of the claims 1 to 3.

7. Method according to Claim 6, characterized in that the fruits are treated with Fluopyram.

8. Method according to any of Claims 6 to 7, characterized in that the plants are treated between BBCH 50 to 97.

9. Agricultural composition comprising a fungicide as defined in any of the claims 1 to 3 for for enhancing antioxidative fitness of plants.

10. Agricultural composition according to claim 9 comprising in addition surfactants and extenders.