WO2019065531A1

WO2019065531A1 - Patch antenna and antenna device

Info

Publication number: WO2019065531A1
Application number: PCT/JP2018/035167
Authority: WO
Inventors: 孝之曽根
Original assignee: 株式会社ヨコオ
Priority date: 2017-09-28
Filing date: 2018-09-21
Publication date: 2019-04-04
Also published as: CN110800158A; JP2019068124A; EP3691035A4; EP3691035A1; JP6422547B1; CN115775970A; US20200127381A1; US11201409B2; EP3691035B1; CN110800158B

Abstract

Provided are a patch antenna and an antenna device, wherein a patch element is formed in the shape of a curved surface or bent surface to widen the half-power angle with regard to the directional characteristics and thereby enable the transmission and reception of radio waves over a wide range of angles. According to the present invention, a patch element 10 and a ground conductor plate 20 facing the patch element 10 are provided, wherein the patch element 10 protrudes toward the side opposite the side facing the ground conductor plate 20. An outer surface 11 of the patch element 11 has: a front surface section 12; first side surface sections 13A, 13B bent from the front surface section 12; and second side surface sections 14A, 14B which are bent from the first side surface sections 13A, 13B to be perpendicular to the front surface section 12. When the patch element 10 is viewed from the front, the first side surface section 13A and the second side surface section 14A face toward the left, and the first side surface section 13B and the second side surface section 14B face toward the right.

Description

Patch antenna and antenna device

The present invention relates to a patch antenna having patch elements in the form of a curved surface or a bent surface, and to an antenna device provided with the patch antenna.

The conventional patch antenna has a flat patch element as a radiation electrode, so the directivity in the direction perpendicular to the patch element is high, that is, the half value angle (range of directivity angle up to -3 dB from peak of gain) is narrow. .

JP 2003-347838 A

As described above, the conventional patch antenna has a narrow half angle angle, in other words, a low gain on the side of the patch antenna in a direction parallel to the patch element. For this reason, the conventional patch antenna is unsuitable for the use which transmits / receives an electromagnetic wave in a wide angle range.

The present invention has been made in recognition of such a situation, and the purpose thereof is to make the patch element be a curved surface or a curved surface, thereby widening the half value angle in the directivity characteristic and enabling transmission and reception of radio waves in a wide angle range. It is an object of the present invention to provide a patch antenna and an antenna device.

One aspect of the present invention is a patch antenna. This patch antenna includes a patch element and a ground conductor facing the patch element, and the patch element is convex toward the side opposite to the side facing the ground conductor.

The patch antenna is convex around at least one centerline, and the ends on both sides of the patch element are positioned across the centerline and are shortest to the ground conductor from each of the ends on both sides The planes parallel to the direction toward the distance may intersect or be in the same plane.

The patch element may be in the form of a curved plate bent at a central portion.

It is preferable that power is supplied from one end side of the patch element in the direction of the center line.

A wave source may be located at both ends of the patch element in the center line direction.

The patch element has an outer surface opposite to the side facing the ground conductor, and one end of the outer surface faces a first direction, and the other end has a second direction opposite to the first direction. It is good to face.

The patch element may have a ridge.

A dielectric may be provided between the patch element and the ground conductor.

An inner conductor of a coaxial cable may be connected to the patch element, and an outer conductor of the coaxial cable may be connected to the ground conductor.

Another aspect of the present invention is an antenna device. The antenna device comprises the patch antenna.

The patch antenna may be supported on the vehicle body for vertical polarization.

Arbitrary combinations of the above-described components, and conversions of the expression of the present invention among methods, systems, etc. are also effective as aspects of the present invention.

According to the present invention, the patch antenna having the curved or bent patch element can widen the half-value angle in the directivity characteristic, and consequently can transmit and receive radio waves in a wide angle range.

It is Embodiment 1 of the patch antenna and antenna apparatus which concern on this invention, Comprising: The front view which shows a patch antenna part. It is Embodiment 1 of the patch antenna which concerns on this invention, and an antenna apparatus, Comprising: The side view which shows a patch antenna part. It is Embodiment 1 of the patch antenna and antenna apparatus which concern on this invention, Comprising: The rear view which shows a patch antenna part. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS It is Embodiment 1 of the patch antenna which concerns on this invention, and an antenna apparatus, Comprising: The top view which shows a patch antenna part. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The side sectional view which shows the whole structure of the vehicle-mounted antenna apparatus provided with a patch antenna. FIG. 16 is a directivity characteristic diagram by simulation, which compares horizontal gain of the patch antenna of the first embodiment with horizontal gain of a comparative example (FIG. 9). The VSWR characteristic figure by simulation of a patch antenna. Explanatory drawing by simulation which shows the relationship between the length of the front-back direction of a patch element, and the half value angle of a patch antenna. Sectional drawing of the horizontal surface of the patch antenna (normal patch antenna) of a comparative example when length L of the front-back direction of a patch element is 0 mm. A patch antenna according to the second embodiment of the present invention, longitudinal length L of the patch element is 9.7mm (0.19λ _0, where lambda ₀ is the free shows wavelength in space) of the horizontal plane when it is Cross section. It is a patch antenna of Embodiment 3 of this invention, Comprising: Sectional drawing of a horizontal surface when length L of the front-back direction of a patch element is 12 mm (0.236 (lambda) ₀ ). Third embodiment (length L of the patch element in the front-rear direction L = 12 mm (0.236λ ₀ )), and embodiment 4 described later {length L of the patch element in the front-rear direction L = 14.5 mm (0.285λ ₀₎ The VSWR characteristic figure by simulation of}. It is a patch antenna of Embodiment 4 of this invention, Comprising: Sectional drawing of a horizontal surface when length L of the front-back direction of a patch element is 14.5 mm (0.285 (lambda) ₀ ). FIG. 12 is a plan view of a patch antenna according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention, which has a structure adapted to a coaxial cable, as viewed from above. FIG. 16 is a directivity characteristic diagram by simulation, which compares horizontal gain of the patch antenna of the fifth embodiment with horizontal gain of the comparative example (FIG. 9). FIG. 20 is a VSWR characteristic diagram by simulation of the patch antenna of the fifth embodiment. It is Embodiment 6 of this invention, Comprising: The side sectional view which shows an antenna apparatus provided with a patch antenna inside the windshield of a vehicle body. It is the same expanded sectional view.

Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. The same or equivalent components, members, processes, and the like shown in the drawings are denoted by the same reference numerals, and duplicative descriptions will be appropriately omitted. In addition, the embodiments do not limit the invention, and are merely examples, and all the features described in the embodiments and the combination thereof are not necessarily essential to the invention.

1 to 4 show Embodiment 1 of the patch antenna and antenna device according to the present invention, and are front views showing a patch antenna portion, FIG. 2 is a side view, FIG. 3 is a rear view, and FIG. FIG. 5 is a plan view, and FIG. 5 is a side sectional view showing an entire configuration of an antenna apparatus provided with a patch antenna.

First, the patch antenna 1 will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 4. Here, the patch antenna 1 is used, for example, for V2X (Vehicle to Everything) communication. The patch antenna 1 is disposed vertically (that is, vertically) with respect to a horizontal plane (a plane perpendicular to the direction of gravity), and is for vertical polarization. The patch antenna 1 includes a patch element 10 as a radiation electrode, a ground conductor plate 20 facing the patch element 10, a dielectric 30 interposed between the patch element 10 and the ground conductor plate 20, and a coaxial as a feeder. And a cable 40.

The patch element 10 is a bent sheet shape in which the flat sheet metal conductor is convex toward the side opposite to the side facing the ground conductor plate 20 (here, one or more ridges are formed in a plane) It shall be bent into a shape including a bent shape. The patch element 10 is convex around at least one center line. Further, the ends on both sides of the patch element 10 are located on both sides of the center line, and a plane parallel to the direction toward the ground conductor plate 20 from each of the ends on both sides intersects at the shortest distance Become. That is, the patch element 10 has a plate shape that is curved and bent at the central portion. Specifically, the patch element 10 is formed by bending a sheet metal conductor so as to have four ridges, and the outer surface 11 not facing the ground conductor plate 20 (opposite the surface opposite to the surface facing the ground conductor plate 20) The plane of (5) has five rectangular planes divided by four ridges in the vertical direction (parallel to the center line). That is, the outer surface 11 of the patch element 10 is bent at a right angle with respect to the front surface portion 12 and the first

side surface portions

13A and 13B and the first

side surface portions

13A and 13B respectively bent with respect to the front surface portion 12. And

second side portions

14A, 14B. At this time, the center line is located in the middle of the two ridges parallel to the two ridges sandwiching the front part 12. When the patch element 10 is viewed from the front, the first side surface 13A and the second side surface 14A turn to the left, and the first side surface 13B and the second side surface 14B turn to the right. As a result, the patch element 10 has a predetermined length L in the front-rear direction (the direction orthogonal to the front portion) (FIG. 2).

The ground conductor plate 20 is formed by bending a flat sheet metal conductor so as to have four ridges similarly to the patch element 10, and the front surface portion 12, the first

side surface portions

13A and 13B, and the second side surface portion 14A. , 14B, respectively. Furthermore, holes 21 are provided in the ground conductor plate 20 at a position facing the center of the upper side of the front portion 12 of the patch element 10 and in a region including the periphery thereof.

The dielectric 30 is, for example, an ABS resin, and is sandwiched between the patch element 10 and the ground conductor plate 20. The dielectric 30 is formed in advance in accordance with the bent shape of the patch element 10. The patch element 10 and the ground conductor plate 20 are integrated by a dielectric 30 interposed therebetween, and the patch element 10 is held by the ground conductor plate 20 via the dielectric 30.

The feed conductor 19 which is a thin strip-shaped conductor (may be in a pin shape) penetrates the hole 21 without contact, and connects the internal conductor 41 of the coaxial cable 40 and the patch element 10. The feed conductor 19 may be formed, for example, by bending a strip conductor unit integrated with the patch element 10. The outer conductor 42 of the coaxial cable 40 is sandwiched by a pair of sandwiching pieces 22 provided on the ground conductor plate 20, and is connected to the ground conductor plate 20.

In the patch antenna 1, the feeding conductor 19 is connected to the patch element 10 at the end face of the patch element 10 for impedance matching with the characteristic impedance of the coaxial cable 40 (the feeding point 45 is the height position of the end face of the patch element 10 ). As long as impedance matching with the characteristic impedance of the coaxial cable 40 can be performed, the feed conductor 19 may be connected to the patch element 10 at a position other than the end surface of the patch element 10 (for example, a position below the end surface). Further, in the patch antenna 1, the feeding conductor 19 is connected to the patch element 10 at a position that is at the center of the patch element 10 when the patch element 10 is viewed in a horizontal plane. And the center of the patch element 10). When the patch element 10 is viewed in a horizontal plane, if the feeding point 45 is shifted from the center position of the patch element 10, the distance from the feeding point 45 to the end in the left-right direction of the patch element 10 is In this case, unnecessary resonance may occur in the patch antenna 1. As shown in FIG. 1, when power is supplied from one end side of the patch element 10 in the center line direction, wave sources are located at both ends in the direction of the center line of the patch element 10. That is, in the patch antenna 1 of FIG. 1, since power is fed from the upper side in the vertical direction of the patch element 10, a wave source is generated at the upper end and the lower side end in the vertical direction of the patch element 10. Even when power is supplied from the lower side in the vertical direction of the patch element 10, a wave source is generated at the upper end and the lower end in the vertical direction of the patch element 10.

The patch antenna 1 does not have a short-circuited conductor such as an inverted F antenna.

FIG. 5 shows an on-vehicle antenna device 60 provided with the patch antenna 1. On an antenna base 71 mounted on a vehicle roof, an SXM antenna 81 for satellite digital radio broadcast reception, a GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) antenna 82, and an AM / FM broadcast reception antenna 83 from the front. The V2X communication patch antenna 1 is mounted in this order, and the radio wave transmitting antenna case 72 is covered on the antenna base 71 so as to cover them. In FIG. 5, the vertical direction and the front-rear direction of the on-vehicle antenna device 60 are defined. The upper side of the sheet is the upper side, the lower side is the lower side, the left side of the sheet is the front side, and the right side of the sheet is the rear side.

The SXM antenna 81 and the GNSS antenna 82 are patch antennas constituting a planar antenna, and have directivity at the upper side. The AM / FM broadcast receiving antenna 83 has a series connection of a capacitively-loaded element 84 of a conductor plate and a coil 85. The capacitive loading element 84 has, for example, a meander shape. Further, the coil 85 may be substantially at the center of the on-vehicle antenna device 60 or may be offset. The V2X communication patch antenna 1 is vertically arranged on the antenna base 71 by fixing the ground conductor plate 20 to the antenna base 71, and the front portion 12 of the patch element 10 is directed rearward. Further, in a state where the in-vehicle antenna device 60 is mounted on the vehicle roof, the patch element 10 of the patch antenna 1 is supported by the vehicle body with a substantially vertical surface, and the patch antenna 1 is for vertical polarization. It becomes.

FIG. 6 is a directivity characteristic diagram by simulation showing the horizontal gain (solid line) of the patch antenna 1 of the first embodiment in comparison with the horizontal gain (dotted line) of a comparative example (described later in FIG. 9). Main lobe gain: 4.62 dB, main lobe azimuth: 0 °, half angle (angle range of -3 dB from gain peak value): 181.4 °. In the case of FIG. 5, the azimuth angle of 0 ° in FIG. 6 is the rear, and in the comparative example of FIG. 9, the half angle of the patch antenna 1 of the first embodiment is 180 ° or more, compared to the narrow half angle. . The reason why the half-value angle is large is that the patch element 10 is bent to form a curved surface that is convex toward the outer surface, and the patch element 10 has a predetermined longitudinal length L. FIG. 6 shows simulation results in the case where the patch antenna 1 is present alone, but even if the capacitively-loaded element 84 extends above the patch antenna 1 as shown in FIG. Conceivable.

FIG. 7 is a VSWR characteristic diagram by simulation of the patch antenna 1. As shown in FIG. 7, the VSWR is not lowered to frequencies other than 5.9 GHz, and unnecessary resonance is not generated in the patch antenna 1 in the vicinity of 5.9 GHz.

According to the present embodiment, the following effects can be achieved.

(1) In the patch antenna 1 provided with the patch element 10 and the ground conductor plate 20 facing the patch element 10, the patch element 10 is a bent surface formed by bending the sheet metal conductor so as to have four ridges Since the convex surface is on the opposite side to the side facing the ground conductor plate 20, the half-value angle can be made wider than a general patch antenna using a flat patch element.

(2) The patch element 10 has an outer surface 11 opposite to the side facing the ground conductor plate 20, and a first side surface portion 13A and a second side surface portion bent with respect to the front surface portion 12 which is a central portion of the outer surface 11. Since 14A is directed to the left side and the first side surface portion 13B and the second side surface portion 14B are directed to the right side, the half-value angle can be extended to 180 ° or more.

(3) The half-value angle is 180 ° or more by setting the first side portion 13A and the second side portion 14A facing to the left and the first side portion 13B and the second side portion 14B facing to the right to appropriate lengths. It is possible to suppress the occurrence of unnecessary resonance (resonance due to the second mode) while maintaining the The explanation of this point will be described later.

(4) The outer surface 11 of the patch element 10 is a polygonal surface in which the

first side portions

13A and 13B and the

second side portions

14A and 14B are formed to have a ridgeline with respect to the front portion 12, and the coaxial cable 40 is It is a structure suitable for connecting. That is, by securing the width of the front portion 12 to a certain extent, the connection work of the coaxial cable 40 can be easily performed.

The reason why the patch element of the patch antenna has a curved surface or a bent surface will be described below with reference to FIGS. 8 to 15.

a. Enlargement of Half Angle FIG. 8 is a simulation explanatory view showing the relationship between the length in the front-rear direction of the patch element and the half angle of the patch antenna. FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of a horizontal surface of the patch antenna 7 of the comparative example (normal patch antenna) when the length of the patch element used in the simulation of FIG. 8 is 0 mm, and FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view of a horizontal plane when the patch element 2 of the second embodiment of the present invention used in the simulation of FIG. 8 and in which the length L in the front-rear direction of the patch element is 9.7 mm; It is patch antenna 3 of Embodiment 3 of this invention used by simulation of FIG. 8, Comprising: It is sectional drawing of the horizontal surface when length L of the front-back direction of a patch element is 12 mm. In the simulation of FIG. 8, the half-value angle is obtained assuming that the operating frequency of the patch antenna of FIGS. 9 to 11 is 5887.5 MHz. Also, when the lambda ₀ the wavelength in free space, longitudinal length L of the patch element are 9.7mm corresponds to 0.19Ramuda _0, longitudinal length L is 12mm patch element 0.236λ Corresponds to ₀ .

In the patch antenna 7 of the comparative example of FIG. 9, the patch element 107 and the ground conductor plate 207 are both flat and arranged in parallel. The length L of the patch element 107 in the front-rear direction is 0 mm, and it can be seen from FIG. 8 that the half-value angle is the smallest.

The patch antenna 2 of the second embodiment shown in FIG. 10 has a plate shape in which the patch element 102 is curved and bent at the central portion, and the ground conductor plate 202 is bent at the central portion and arranged parallel to the patch element 102. The length L of the patch element 102 in the front-rear direction is 9.7 mm. Since the patch element 102 has a length component in the front-rear direction, the half-value angle is wider than in the comparative example of FIG. 9, as can be seen from FIG.

The patch antenna 3 according to the third embodiment shown in FIG. 11 has a plate shape in which the patch element 103 is bent in a substantially semicircular shape at a central portion and bent, and one end of the outer surface of the patch element 103 faces left. The other end points to the right. The length L of the patch element 103 in the front-rear direction is 12 mm. The ground conductor plate 203 is a flat plate and is disposed in parallel with the main part of the patch element 103. In this case, as shown in FIG. 8, the half value angle further spreads to 180 °. The first embodiment described above has a structure corresponding to the length L = 12 mm in the front-rear direction of the patch element shown in the third embodiment. In the simulation of FIG. 8, the lengths (creeping distances) of the patch elements shown in FIGS. 9 to 11 in the horizontal plane cross section are all equal. Moreover, in FIGS. 9-11, the simulation of FIG. 8 was performed on the assumption that a coaxial cable does not exist.

As shown in FIG. 8, when the patch element is curved and the length L in the front-rear direction is increased, the half-value angle is increased, and one end of the patch element 103 is a patch antenna 3 as shown in FIG. The half angle becomes 180 ° when the left end is turned and the other end is turned right. That is, in order to increase the half-value angle, the patch element is curved to increase the length L in the front-rear direction, that is, the patch element is directed not only to the front (vehicle rear facing in the arrangement of the antenna device 60 in FIG. 5) It is effective to face also toward the right or to the right, and a half-value angle of 180 ° can be realized by setting the length L of the patch element in the front-rear direction to an appropriate value.

In addition, the patch elements may be directed only to the front and the left or only to the front and the right (the horizontal section of the patch has an L-shaped cross section). Since the patch antenna has high directivity in the direction perpendicular to the patch element, in this case, the half-value angle is larger than that of a flat patch element of a normal patch antenna. However, the half-value angle becomes smaller as compared with the

patch antennas

1 and 3 of the first and third embodiments in which the patch elements are directed not only to the front but also to the left and right.

b. Suppression of generation of unnecessary resonance (resonance due to second mode) In the case of a patch antenna designed for V2X communication, the resonance mode of the patch antenna includes a dominant mode resonating at a frequency of 5.9 GHz for V2X communication and a frequency of 5.9 GHz. There is a second mode that resonates at frequencies other than.

FIG. 12 is a VSWR characteristic diagram by simulation of the patch antenna when the length L of the patch element in the front-rear direction is 12 mm and 14.5 mm. The patch antenna 3 of the third embodiment of FIG. 11 is used in the simulation when the length L in the front-rear direction of the patch element of FIG. 12 is 12 mm. Further, in the simulation when the length L in the front-rear direction of the patch element of FIG. 12 is 14.5 mm, the patch antenna 4 of the fourth embodiment of FIG. If the lambda ₀ the wavelength in free space, longitudinal length L of the patch element is 12mm corresponds to 0.236Ramuda _0, longitudinal length L of the patch element is 14.5mm in 0.285Ramuda ₀ It corresponds.

FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view of a horizontal plane of the patch antenna 4 used in the simulation when the length L in the front-rear direction of the patch element of FIG. 12 is 14.5 mm in a fourth embodiment. The patch antenna 4 according to the fourth embodiment of FIG. 13 has a plate-like shape in which the patch element 104 is bent in a substantially semicircular shape at the center and bent, and one end of the outer surface of the patch element 104 faces left. The other end points to the right. The length L of the patch element 104 in the front-rear direction is 14.5 mm. The ground conductor plate 204 is a flat plate and is disposed in parallel with the main part of the patch element 104.

In the case of the fourth embodiment, the radius of curvature of the patch element 104 is the same as that of the patch element 103 in the third embodiment of FIG. However, in order to make the length L in the front-rear direction of the patch element 104 larger than that of the patch element 103 in FIG. 11, the length of the patch antenna 4 in the horizontal cross section (in other words, the creepage distance of the patch element 104) is This is longer than the length of the patch antenna 3 of FIG. 11 (the creepage distance of the patch element 103). For this reason, as shown in FIG. 12, when the length L in the front-rear direction of the patch element is 12 mm (solid line), the VSWR is not lowered other than the frequency 5.9 GHz and the dominant mode is dominant. Unwanted resonance (resonance due to second mode) does not occur in the vicinity of the dominant mode. On the other hand, when the length L in the front-rear direction of the patch element is 14.5 mm (dotted line), the influence of the second mode becomes strong, the characteristic of the dominant mode is deteriorated, and unnecessary resonance can be confirmed.

As can be seen from the results of FIGS. 12 and 13, in order to suppress the occurrence of the unnecessary resonance, the length L in the front-rear direction of the patch element is shortened (not made longer than necessary), The length should be short (so as not to be longer than necessary).

c. Existence of Coaxial Cable In the comparative example of FIG. 9, the second embodiment of FIG. 10, and the third embodiment of FIG. 11, the simulation of FIG. 8 is performed assuming that the coaxial cable is not present. It is necessary for the coaxial cable to be electrically connected. FIG. 14 is a plan view of the patch antenna 5 according to the fifth embodiment, which is adapted to be fed by the coaxial cable 40, as viewed from above. In this case, the patch antenna 5 includes the patch element 105, the ground conductor plate 205 facing the patch element 105, the dielectric 305 interposed between the patch element 105 and the ground conductor plate 205, and a coaxial cable as a feeder. And 40.

The patch element 105 of the fifth embodiment is in the form of a bent surface formed by bending a flat sheet metal conductor so as to have two ridges, and the outer surface 115 is formed by three rectangular planes divided by two ridges in the vertical direction. Have. That is, the outer surface 115 of the patch element 105 has the front face 125 and side faces 135A and 135B bent perpendicularly to the front face 125, respectively. When the patch element 105 is viewed from the front, the side surface portion 135A faces to the left, and the side surface portion 135B faces to the right. The ground conductor plate 205 is formed by bending a flat sheet metal conductor so as to have two ridges similarly to the patch element 105, and has portions parallel to the front surface portion 125 and the

side surface portions

135A and 135B. There is. The length L of the patch element 105 in the front-rear direction is set to the same length as that of the first embodiment described above. The other configuration is the same as that of the first embodiment.

FIG. 15 is a directional characteristic diagram by simulation showing horizontal gain (solid line) of the patch antenna 5 of the fifth embodiment in comparison with horizontal gain (dotted line) of the comparative example (FIG. 9) at a frequency of 5887.5 MHz. The half angle (an angle range of −3 dB from the gain peak value) can be maintained at 180 ° or more.
FIG. 16 is a VSWR characteristic diagram by simulation of the patch antenna 5 adapted to the coaxial cable of the fifth embodiment. In the patch antenna 5 of the fifth embodiment of FIG. 14, the patch element 105 is formed into a curved surface having two ridges, and one end of the patch element 105 is directed to the left and the other end is directed to the right. Because of this, the half angle is 180 ° or more. However, as shown in FIG. 16, unnecessary resonance can be confirmed in the patch antenna 5 of FIG. This is because the creepage distance of the patch element 105 is longer than the creepage distance of the patch element 10 of the first embodiment when the length L of the patch element 105 in the front-rear direction is the same value as that of the first embodiment. It is believed that there is.

That is, in order to shorten the length of the patch antenna in the cross section of the horizontal surface while maintaining that the patch element is directed not only to the front but also to the left and right and the half angle is 180 °. In the first embodiment, the patch element 10 of the patch antenna 1 is in the form of a bent surface having four ridges, and the first

side surface portions

13A and 13B are provided between the front surface portion 12 and the second

side surface portions

14A and 14B orthogonal thereto. (Close to the arc-like curved surface).

17 and 18 show a sixth embodiment of the patch antenna and antenna device according to the present invention, in which the antenna device 61 is disposed inside the windshield 65 of a vehicle body having a windshield 65, a roof 66, a bonnet 67 and the like. Indicates the case. In the antenna device 61, the patch antenna 1 similar to that of the first embodiment is housed in an antenna case 75 which is a combination structure of a front case portion (radio wave transmitting radome) 76 and a rear case portion 77. is there. In this case, the patch antenna 1 is arranged such that the front portion 12 of the patch element 10 faces the front of the vehicle body, the patch element 10 is held by the front case portion 76 via the mounting member 79, and the ground conductor plate 20 is It is held parallel to the patch element 10 (the ground conductor plate 20 may not be attached to the antenna case 75). Furthermore, in this case, the patch element 10 of the patch antenna 1 is supported by the vehicle body in a substantially vertical plane, and the patch antenna 1 is used for vertical polarization. The coaxial cable 40 feeding the patch antenna 1 is pulled out of the antenna case 75 along the inside of the windshield 65 and the roof 66.

In the case of the sixth embodiment, a half-value angle of 180 ° or more including the front of the vehicle body can be secured. The other effects and advantages are the same as in the first embodiment described above.

Although the present invention has been described above by taking the embodiment as an example, it is understood by those skilled in the art that various modifications can be made to each component and each processing process of the embodiment within the scope of the claims. It is a place. The following describes the modification.

In each embodiment, as long as the patch element and the ground conductor plate can be held at a predetermined distance, the space may be omitted from the dielectric.

In addition, the number of ridges is arbitrary as long as the outer surface of the patch element is a curved surface convex toward the outside, and the combination of a curved surface without a ridge and a plane may be used.

In the embodiment described above, the patch antenna 1 has been described as being used for V2X communication, for example. Here, the patch antenna 1 performs V2X communication based on DSRC (Dedicated Short Range Communications) based on the IEEE802.11p standard and C-V2X (Ceellular-V2X) standard. Although the patch antenna 1 has been described as resonating at 5.9 GHz as the frequency for V2X communication, the embodiment is not limited to this. For example, the patch antenna 1 may operate at another frequency to perform V2X communication.

1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7

patch antenna

10, 102, 103, 104, 105, 107

patch element

12, 125

front part

13A, 13B, 14A, 14B, 135A, 135B side part 19

feeding conductor

20, 202 , 203, 204, 205, 207 Ground conductor plate 21

hole

30, 305 Dielectric 40 Coaxial cable 45

Feed point

60, 61 Antenna device 71

Antenna base

72, 75 Antenna case

Claims

Patch elements,
A ground conductor facing the patch element;
The patch antenna according to claim 1, wherein the patch element is convex toward the side opposite to the side facing the ground conductor.
Convex around at least one center line,
The ends on both sides of the patch element are located across the center line, and planes parallel to the direction from the respective ends on both sides toward the ground conductor at the shortest distance intersect or become the same plane ,
The patch antenna according to claim 1.
The patch element is in the form of a plate curved at a central portion and bent.
The patch antenna according to claim 1 or 2.
Power is supplied from one end side of the patch element in the direction of the center line,
The patch antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 3.
Wave sources are located at both ends of the patch element in the direction of the center line,
The patch antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 4.
The patch element has ridges,
The patch antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 5.
A dielectric is provided between the patch element and the ground conductor,
The patch antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 6.
An inner conductor of a coaxial cable is connected to the patch element, and an outer conductor of the coaxial cable is connected to the ground conductor.
The patch antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 7.
An antenna device comprising the patch antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 8.
10. The antenna device according to claim 9, wherein the patch antenna is supported on a vehicle body for vertical polarization.